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SEMINAR TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN<br />
GEMPA BUMI DAN TSUNAMI DI MALAYSIA<br />
National Technical Seminar on Earthquake and Tsunami<br />
(NaTSET 2010)<br />
Merangsang Kajian Bencana<br />
10 – 11 November 2010<br />
<strong>Jabatan</strong> <strong>Meteorologi</strong> <strong>Malaysia</strong>, Petaling Jaya<br />
ESTABLISHING OF<br />
MALAYSIAN NATIONAL TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM<br />
BEFORE THE NEXT DISASTER<br />
Mohd Rosaidi bin Che Abas<br />
Geophysics & Tsunami Division<br />
<strong>Malaysia</strong>n <strong>Meteorologi</strong>cal Department<br />
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
Before 26 December 2004 – Only Earthquakes<br />
M5<br />
M6<br />
M7
Before 26 December 2004<br />
– Only Earthquakes (1909 – 25 Dec 2004)<br />
Sumatran<br />
subduction<br />
zone<br />
Sumatran<br />
fault<br />
Highest<br />
magnitude: 8.1<br />
Highest<br />
magnitude: 7.6<br />
(
Before 26 December 2004<br />
FAULT LINES IN SABAH<br />
– Only Earthquakes<br />
(1897- 25 Dec 2007)<br />
Highest<br />
magnitude: 8.7<br />
Highest<br />
magnitude: 5.8
2002, M7.6<br />
2006, M6.6<br />
1936, M7.2<br />
1995, M5.8<br />
Earthquakes with magnitude 7.5 and<br />
above over Sumatran Subduction Zone<br />
-Magnitude up to 8.1<br />
-Shortest epicentral distance: 494km<br />
from Ipoh<br />
1935, M8.1<br />
1909, M7.6<br />
2000, M7.5<br />
about 350 km from the EQ epicenter.<br />
2004, M7.6<br />
1914, M7.6<br />
Earthquakes with magnitude 7.0 and<br />
above over Sumatran Fault<br />
-Magnitude up to 7.6<br />
-Shortest epicentral distance: 355km<br />
from Penang<br />
The 1985 Michoacan Earthquake (M s = 8.1) The January 26, 2001<br />
Bhuj, Gujarat<br />
Earthquake (M = 7.9),<br />
about 100 buildings in<br />
the city of Ahmedabad<br />
which is located about<br />
300km from the<br />
The earthquake caused considerable<br />
epicenter experienced<br />
destruction and loss of life in Mexico City,<br />
severe damage.
1923, M6.5<br />
1923, M7.0<br />
The 1985 Michoacan Earthquake (M s = 8.1)<br />
The earthquake caused considerable<br />
destruction and loss of life in Mexico City,<br />
about 350 km from the EQ epicenter.<br />
1897, M8.7<br />
Local earthquakes with<br />
magnitude up to 5.8.<br />
Strong to great earthquakes outside<br />
Sabah:<br />
-up to 8.7 with epicentral distance of<br />
about 424km from Lahad Datu<br />
-up to 8.0 with epicentral distance of<br />
about 378km from Tawau<br />
-Up to 7.0 with epicentral distance of<br />
about 212km from Tawau<br />
1940, M8.0 -up to 6.5 with epicentral distance of<br />
about 145km from Lahad Datu<br />
The January 26, 2001<br />
Bhuj, Gujarat<br />
Earthquake (M = 7.9),<br />
about 100 buildings in<br />
the city of Ahmedabad<br />
which is located about<br />
300km from the<br />
epicenter experienced<br />
severe damage.
26 December 2004 – Earthquake & Tsunami<br />
2004, M9.0<br />
2002, M7.6<br />
1936, M7.2<br />
2006, M6.6<br />
1995, M5.8<br />
1935, M8.1<br />
1909, M7.6<br />
2004, M7.6<br />
1914, M7.6<br />
2000, M7.5<br />
Thailand
Thailand<br />
Phuket Island
The 26 December 2004 Tsunami was the first documented<br />
case of tsunami affecting <strong>Malaysia</strong>.<br />
Tsunami hit <strong>Malaysia</strong> at 1230 hrs in Langkawi Island and<br />
Subsequently affected a stretch of 200 km along the coasts<br />
of Perlis, Kedah, Penang, Perak and Selangor.<br />
• Dead – 68,<br />
Missing – 6<br />
• Loss and damage<br />
of properties amounting<br />
to RM100 million<br />
(US$25 million)
26 December 2004 – Earthquake & Tsunami<br />
2004, M9.0<br />
2002, M7.6<br />
1936, M7.2<br />
2006, M6.6<br />
1995, M5.8<br />
1935, M8.1<br />
1909, M7.6<br />
2004, M7.6<br />
1914, M7.6<br />
2000, M7.5<br />
Thailand<br />
WAKE UP CALL
SEISMIK AND TSUNAMI HAZARDS AND<br />
RISKS STUDY IN MALAYSIA (MOSTI, 2009)<br />
ZON RISIKO TSUNAMI<br />
ZON 1 : RISIKO TINGGI, ZON 2 : RISIKO RENDAH
Precursor from abnormal animal<br />
behavior<br />
before 2004 Sumatra Earthquake<br />
• Ten Thousands on the beach<br />
• at 20.00 UTC 25 Dec 2004
Sea otters escape to beach
Fishes, sea<br />
cucumber<br />
increase over 10<br />
times before<br />
Great sumatra<br />
EQ 1-2 months
Earthquake Swarm Around Bukit Tinggi, Nov 2007 – Mei 2008
Seismic Stations In Peninsular <strong>Malaysia</strong><br />
Example of Seismic Waves of Bukit Tinggi<br />
Earthquake in 30 November 2007
Kurang<br />
Pengetahuaan<br />
Dan<br />
Kesedaran
Isu Utama<br />
Tidak Tahu Risiko Sebenar<br />
Risiko Sebenar<br />
Risiko<br />
Risiko Yang<br />
Diketahui<br />
Risiko<br />
Jurang<br />
Yang Besar
Mitigation plans to protect our country from such<br />
disasters must be made<br />
<strong>Malaysia</strong> mempunyai bahaya dan risiko gempa bumi<br />
<strong>Malaysia</strong> berpontensi diancam TSUNAMI<br />
<strong>Malaysia</strong> perlu mempunyi Sistem Amaran Awal Tsunami<br />
Rakyat <strong>Malaysia</strong> perlu diberi kesedaran mengenai bahaya<br />
dan risiko gempa bumi dan tsunami
MALAYSIAN NATIONAL TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM<br />
(SAATNM)<br />
Established in 2005, to provide early warning on tsunami<br />
generated in the Indian Ocean, South China Sea or the<br />
Pacific Ocean that may affect <strong>Malaysia</strong>.
Rangkaian Stesen Seismik (17 buah stesen)
DATA SEISMIK SERANTAU DAN ANTARABANGSA YANG DITERIMA DI SAATNM<br />
LAMPIRAN 1<br />
FURI<br />
LAT : 8.9N<br />
LONG: 37.3E<br />
KMBO<br />
LAT : 1.1S<br />
LONG: 37.3E<br />
GNI<br />
LAT : 40.1N<br />
LONG: 44.7E<br />
MSEY<br />
LAT : 4.7S<br />
LONG: 55.5E<br />
RER<br />
LAT : 21.1S<br />
LONG: 55.7E<br />
AAK<br />
LAT : 42.6N<br />
LONG: 74.5E<br />
DGAR<br />
LAT :7.4S<br />
LONG: 72.5E<br />
PALK<br />
LAT : 7.3N<br />
LONG: 80.7E<br />
CHTO<br />
LAT :18.8N<br />
LONG: 99.0E<br />
COCO<br />
LAT :12.2S<br />
LONG: 96.8E<br />
TPUB<br />
LAT :23.3N<br />
LONG: 120.6E<br />
QIZ<br />
LAT :19.0N<br />
LONG: 109.8E<br />
BTDF<br />
LAT :1.4N<br />
LONG: 103.8E<br />
XMIS<br />
LAT :10.5S<br />
LONG: 105.7E<br />
MBWA<br />
LAT :21.2S<br />
LONG: 119.7E<br />
TATO<br />
LAT :25.0N<br />
LONG: 121.5E<br />
TWGB<br />
LAT :22.8N<br />
LONG: 121.1E<br />
DAV<br />
LAT :7.1N<br />
LONG: 125.6E<br />
WRAB<br />
LAT :19.9S<br />
LONG: 134.4E<br />
MAJO<br />
LAT :36.5S<br />
LONG: 138.2E<br />
GUMO<br />
LAT :13.6N<br />
LONG: 144.9E<br />
PMG<br />
LAT :10.5S<br />
LONG: 105.7E<br />
CTAO<br />
LAT :20.1S<br />
LONG: 146.3E<br />
STKA<br />
LAT :31.9S<br />
LONG: 141.6E<br />
HNR<br />
LAT :9.4S<br />
LONG :159.9E<br />
USGS IRIS GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA GEOSCOPE TAIWAN SINGAPORE CHINA
Rangkaian Stesen Pasang Surut<br />
(17 buah stesen (Tawau dan Pulau Layang-Layang dalam proses pemasangan))
LAMPIRAN 2<br />
DATA PASANG SURUT SERANTAU DAN ANTRABANGSA YANG DITERIMA DI SAATNM<br />
Tosa (Japan)<br />
Lat:32.8N<br />
Long:132.9E<br />
Hana (Japan)<br />
Lat:43.3N<br />
Long:145.6E<br />
Ofun (Japan)<br />
Lat:39.0N<br />
Long:141.7E<br />
Omae (Japan)<br />
Lat:34.6N<br />
Long:138.2E<br />
Salalah (Oman)<br />
Lat:16.5N<br />
Long:54.0E<br />
Lamu (Kenya)<br />
Lat:2.2S<br />
Long:40.5E<br />
Zanz (Tanzania)<br />
Lat:6.1S<br />
Long:39.1E<br />
Laru (Seychelles)<br />
Lat:4.4S<br />
Long:55.3E<br />
Masi (Oman)<br />
Lat:20.7N<br />
Long:58.9E<br />
Colo (Sri Lanka)<br />
Lat:6.9N<br />
Hani (Maldives)<br />
Long:79.5E<br />
Lat:6.5N<br />
Long:73.1E<br />
Male (Maldives)<br />
Lat:4.1N<br />
Long:73.3E<br />
Rodr (Mauritius)<br />
Lat:19.4S<br />
Long:63.3E<br />
Komi<br />
(Thailand)<br />
Lat:8.6N<br />
Long:97.3E<br />
Saba (Indonesia)<br />
Lat:5.9N<br />
Long:95.3E<br />
Sibo (Indonesia)<br />
Lat:1.8N<br />
Gan (Maldives)<br />
Long:98.8E<br />
Lat:0.4S<br />
Long:73.1E<br />
Pada (Indonesia)<br />
Lat:0.9S<br />
Long:100.3E<br />
Chrs (Australia)<br />
Lat:10.4S<br />
Long:105.7E<br />
Mani<br />
(Philippines)<br />
Lat:14.6N<br />
VTAU Long:120.9E (Vietnam)<br />
Lat:10.3N<br />
Long:107.3E<br />
Kota (Thailand)<br />
Lat:7.5N<br />
Long:98.4E<br />
Benoa (Indonesia)<br />
Lat:8.8S<br />
Long:115.2E<br />
Brom (Australia)<br />
Lat:18.0S<br />
Long:122.2E<br />
Naha (Japan)<br />
Lat:26.26N<br />
Long:127.6E<br />
Lega (Philippines)<br />
Lat:13.2N<br />
Long:123.7E<br />
Yap (Micronesia)<br />
Lat:9.5N<br />
Long:138.1E<br />
Mala (Belau)<br />
Lat:7.2N<br />
Long:134.3E<br />
Darw (Australia)<br />
Lat:12.5S<br />
Long:130.9E<br />
Updated : 10 April 2008<br />
Ptlu (Point<br />
Luis,Mauritius)<br />
Lat:20.1S<br />
Long:57.3E<br />
Hill (Australia)<br />
Lat:31.8S<br />
Long:115.7E<br />
Espe (Australia)<br />
Lat:33.9S<br />
Long:121.9E<br />
Ross (Australia)<br />
Lat:23.1S<br />
Long:150.7E
Rangkaian Pelampung Tsunami (3 lokasi)
Rangkaian Pelampung Tsunami Luar Negara
Rangkaian Kamera Pantai (18 buah stesen)
Rangkaian Siren (23 buah stesen)
KEMPEN KESEDARAN AWAM<br />
MENGENAI BENCANA<br />
GEMPABUMI DAN TSUNAMI
KUMPULAN SASARAN<br />
Masyarakat awam<br />
Pegawai-pegawai kerajaan<br />
Pertubuhan bukan kerajaan (NGO)<br />
Ketua-ketua komuniti di kawasan pesisiran pantai<br />
dan kawasan berisiko tsunami<br />
Guru dan pelajar-pelajar sekolah<br />
Sektor Perhotelan dan Perkilangan
Sabah<br />
KAWASAN SASARAN<br />
• Kota Kinabalu, Sabah pada 26 November 2007<br />
• Sandakan, Sabah apada 28 November 2007<br />
• Lahad Datu, Sabah 30 November 2007<br />
• Felda Sahabat, Sabah pada 15 Disember 2007<br />
• Kunak dan Semporna, Sabah pada 17 Disember 2007<br />
• Tawau, Sabah pada 19 pada Disember 2007<br />
Kedah<br />
• 3 Perkampungan di Pantai Barat Langkawi (Kampung<br />
Kuala Teriang, Kampung Batu Ara, and Kuala Melaka )<br />
Pahang<br />
• Bukit Tinggi, Janda Baik dan kawasan sekitarnya
AKTIVITI-AKTIVITI YANG<br />
DIJALANKAN<br />
• Ceramah/taklimat oleh MKN, JPS, Jab Kesihatan,<br />
Bomba dan JMM.<br />
• Pameran poster berkenaan bencana gempa bumi dan<br />
tsunami.<br />
• Tayangan video mengenai bencana tsunami dan gempa<br />
bumi.<br />
• Sesi perbincangan panel.<br />
Sesi perbincangan panel
KEMPEN KESEDARAN AWAM BENCANA GEMPA<br />
BUMI DI BUKIT TINGGI DAN JANDA BAIK (2007)<br />
Staff Elektrisola (M) Sdn Bhd<br />
mendengar taklimat<br />
Ucapan dari Timbalan Menteri<br />
MOSTI<br />
Aktiviti ceramah<br />
Peserta yang hadir
LATIHAMAL TSUNAMI DI LANGKAWI,<br />
KEDAH (2007)<br />
Kawasan latihamal Pemindahan<br />
Tsunami<br />
Siren dibunyikan melalui<br />
pembesar suara yang terletak<br />
di atas bumbung masjid<br />
Laluan evakuasi ke tempat<br />
bebas daripada ancaman<br />
tsunami<br />
<strong>Jabatan</strong> Bomba dan Penyelamat<br />
turut mengambil bahagian.
TERIMA KASIH
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