fizika 8 maswavleblis wigni
fizika 8 maswavleblis wigni
fizika 8 maswavleblis wigni
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qeTevan tatiSvili<br />
<strong>fizika</strong> 8<br />
<strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong><br />
saxelmZRvanelo grifirebulia ganaTlebis xarisxis<br />
ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier<br />
(brZ. N375, 18.05.2012 weli)
<strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong>s struqtura<br />
I. <strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong>s daniSnuleba da misi gamoyenebis instruqcia................................................................. 4<br />
II. erovnuli saswavlo gegma <strong>fizika</strong>Si (VIII klasi).................................................................................................. 6<br />
III. Sinaarsisa da miznebis ruka.............................................................................................................................. 10<br />
IV. komentarebi moswavlis <strong>wigni</strong>s struqturul elementebTan dakavSirebiT.................................................. 12<br />
V. ramdenime sanimuSo scenari sxvadasxva tipis gakveTilebisTvis.................................................................. 15<br />
VI. Sefaseba sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi.............................................................................................................. 77<br />
VII. saklaso-saSinao davalebebisa da Temis damatebiTi amocanebis pasuxebi, miTiTebebi............................. 80<br />
VIII. damatebiTi masala maswavleblebisTvis: Temis Semajamebeli samuSaoebi da pasuxebi.............................137<br />
IX. proeqtebi .........................................................................................................................................................152<br />
X. ganmartebiTi leqsikoni...................................................................................................................................157<br />
XI. zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi...........................................................................................................158<br />
I. <strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong>s daniSnuleba da misi gamoyenebis instruqcia<br />
<strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong>s ZiriTadi mizania <strong>fizika</strong>Si swavleba/swavlis xarisxis amaRleba.<br />
am miznis misaRwevad <strong>maswavleblis</strong> wigns upiratesad oTxi funqcia aqvs:<br />
1. samecniero da zogadi informaciis miwodeba. dRes, samecniero-teqnikuri progresis epoqaSi, sabunebismetyvelo<br />
mecnierebis ciklis sagnebis arc erTma pedagogma ar SeiZleba absoluturad yvelaferi icodes. miT umetes,<br />
rom yovel 10 weliwadSi samecniero informacia Zveldeba da misi naxevari axldeba.<br />
<strong>wigni</strong>s funqciaa, daexmaros fizikis maswavlebels, ise dagegmos gakveTilebi, rom man moswav leebTan<br />
erTad moiZios axali informaciebi ramdenime alternatiuli wyarodan, daaxarisxon isini, amoarCion<br />
da praqtikulad miznobrivad gamoiyenon TavianTvis saintereso masala.<br />
2. fizikis <strong>maswavleblis</strong> profesiuli ganviTarebis xelSewyoba.<br />
<strong>maswavleblis</strong> wignSi ganxilulia axali saswavlo teqnologiebi, moswavleze orien tirebuli swavleba/<br />
swavlis ZiriTadi principebi da swavleba/swavlis axali midgomis Ziri Tadi maxasiaTeblebi.<br />
<strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong>s funqciaa, daexmaros fizikis maswavlebels, gaiazros Tavisi roli sagan manaTleblo<br />
reformis warmatebiT ganxorcielebaSi da SeimuSaos swavlebis sakuTari stili.<br />
3. saswavlo procesisa da gakveTilebis dagegmva/warmarTvaSi daxmareba.<br />
<strong>maswavleblis</strong> wignSi ganxilulia Tanamedrove interaqtiuli gakveTilis struqtura, misi dagegmvis<br />
etapebi. mocemulia gakveTilebis dagegmvis sanimuSo sqema da sxvadasxva tipis ramdenime gakveTilis<br />
scenari.<br />
4. Sefasebis axali sistemis daxasiaTeba da SefasebaSi daxmareba.<br />
saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxilulia monitoringis, Semowmebisa da Sefasebis xerxebi, formebi da saSualebebi.<br />
mocemulia rekomendaciebi, romlebic daexmareba fizikis maswavlebels Sefasebis axali sistemis efeqtianad<br />
danergvaSi.<br />
amgvarad, fizikis <strong>maswavleblis</strong> <strong>wigni</strong> moicavs bevr aucilebel informaciasa da reko mendacias, romelic<br />
daexmareba maswavlebels, sworad SearCios da dagegmos aqtivobebi moswavleze orien tirebuli swavleba/<br />
swavlis procesis praqtikulad gansaxorcieleblad.<br />
mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo naxevrad Ria tipisaa. Cveni rCevebi da rekomendaciebi emsaxureba <strong>maswavleblis</strong><br />
codnisa da praqtikis gamdidrebas da ar zRudavs mis Tavisuflebas, miiRos gadawyvetileba ama Tu im<br />
gakveTilisTvis aqtivobebis SesarCevad da gamosayeneblad. avtorebis azriT, dRes fizikis maswavleblebs<br />
yvelaze metad iseTi saswavlo strategiis SemuSaveba sWirdebaT, romelic xels Seuwyobs fizikis<br />
gakveTilebze swavlisa da kvlevis procesebis ganxorcielebas.<br />
es mxolod maSin SeiZleba moxdes, rodesac <strong>maswavleblis</strong> swavlebis stili SeTavsebadi aRmoCndeba<br />
TiToeuli moswavlis swavlis stilTan. maSin TandaTan aRmoifxvreba saswavlo masalis gagebis deficiti,<br />
moixsneba disciplinis problema da gaizrdeba moswavleTa motivacia fizikis gakveTilebze damoukidebeli<br />
swavlis gansaxorcieleblad.<br />
gTavazobT VIII klasis `fizikis~ moswavlis saxelmZRvanelos damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebs, sadac calcalkea<br />
gamoyofili <strong>wigni</strong>s Zlieri mxareebi da siaxleebi:<br />
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klubSi kegls birTvs esvriT. asrulebT Tu ara aseT situaciaSi muSaobas dauwereT, `± ~ an `+ ~ niSani.<br />
moswavleebidan zogierTi situacias uwers `_~ -s da amas imiT ganmartavs, rom TamaSi, miT umetes maSin,<br />
roca saqmea gasakeTebeli, arafriT ar SeiZleba iyos muSaoba.<br />
zogierTi situacias uwers `+~ -s da amas ase ganmartavs: radgan sakiTxs fizikis gakveTilze vixilavT,<br />
es situacia ar SeiZleba gairCes imis mixedviT, TamaSob Tu namdvilad saqmes akeTeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
TamaSob, mainc iRlebi, e.i. fizikurad mainc Sromob.<br />
`± ~ -s niSans ZiriTadad iseTebi daweren, romlebsac mkveTrad gamoxatuli pozicia ar aqvT am sakiTxTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
maswavlebeli: me ki am situacias `± ~ -s niSans vuwer, radgan, miuxedavad Tqveni gaocebisa, fexburTis<br />
TamaSi da keglisTvis birTvis srola fizikis TvalsazrisiT, muSaobaa da Tanac aq dasazustebeli, rogorc<br />
es musikaSi mecadineobis, saxlis dalagebis da avtomanqanis garecxvis SemTxvevaSi iyo, araferia.<br />
SevTanxmdeT, rom Tu yofa-cxovrebaSi cneba `muSaoba~ adamianis yvelanairi tipis saqmianobas aRniSnavs,<br />
<strong>fizika</strong>Si am cnebaSi garkveuli fizikuri sidide, meqanikuri muSaoba, igulisxmeba da am terminis gamoyeneba<br />
mxolod zogierT SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli.<br />
Tqven SeiZleba usamarTlobadac CaTvaloT, magram fizikis enaze gonebrivi muSaoba, rac unda mZime iyos<br />
is, muSaobad ar iTvleba.<br />
gonebrivi muSaoba arameqanikuri muSaobis magaliTia. es procesi adamianis tvinis ujredebis cxovelqmedebas<br />
ukavSirdeba da amitom mas biologiaSi Seiswavlian. amitom albaT gasagebia, ratom davuwere `_~ niSani<br />
Tqven mier CamoTvlil pirvel sam SemTxvevas.<br />
2. kiTxva-pasuxi /daskvnebis gamotana 10 wT<br />
maswavlebeli: daakvirdiT sur.1-ze gamosaxul cxrilSi mocemul sxvadasxva situacias da daadgineT,<br />
rodis sruldeba meqanikuri muSaoba.<br />
ganvixiloT I SemTxveva: gogona awveba tvirTs (sxeuls). daakvirdiT, ras gviCvenebs gverdiT grafebSi isrebis<br />
mimarTuleba. ra mimarTulebisaa manqanaze (sxeulze) moqmedi Zala<br />
pas.: Zala mimarTulia marcxniv.<br />
masw.: moZraobs Tu ara sxeuli<br />
pas.: sxeuli ar moZraobs.<br />
masw.: maS ase, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxeulze Zala moqmedebs da sxeuli ar moZraobs, maSin Zala muSaobas ar<br />
asrulebs.<br />
moifiqreT magaliTebi, romlebSic aseve Zala muSaobas ar asrulebs.<br />
pas.: mag., tomaras ewevian ZaliT da ver sZraven adgilidan.<br />
masw.: daakvirdiT II SemTxvevas: gogona awveba sxeuls (tvirTs). daakvirdiT, ras gviCvenebs gverdiT grafebSi<br />
isrebis mimarTuleba. ra mimarTulebisaa sxeulze moqmedi Zala<br />
pas.: Zala mimarTulia marjvniv.<br />
masw.: ra mimarTulebiT moZraobs sxeuli<br />
pas.: sxeuli moZraobs marjvniv.<br />
masw.: emTxveva Tu ara sxeulze moqmedi Zalisa da sxeulis moZraobis mimarTuleba<br />
pas.: sxeulze moqmedi Zalisa da sxeulis moZraobis mimarTuleba erTmaneTs emTxveva.<br />
masw.: maS ase, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxeulis moZraobis mimarTuleba emTxveva sxeulze modebuli Zalis mimar-<br />
Tulebas, maSin mocemuli Zala dadebiT muSaobas asrulebs.<br />
moifiqreT magaliTebi, romlebSic aseve Zala dadebiT muSaobas asrulebs.<br />
pas.: mag., merxs ewevian ZaliT da merxi Zalis mimarTulebiT moZraobs.<br />
masw.: daakvirdiT III SemTxvevas: gogona Camjdaria da xelSi tvirTi uWiravs. daakvirdiT, ras gviCvenebs<br />
gverdiT grafebSi isrebis mimarTuleba. sxeulis moZraobis mimarTulebis maCvenebeli isari zeviTaa mimar-<br />
Tuli, anu gogona zeviT moZraobs, fexze dgeba.<br />
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maS ase, ra mimarTulebiT moZraobs sxeuli<br />
pas.: radgan gogona fexze dgeba, amitom sxeuli zeviT moZraobs.<br />
masw.: ra mimarTulebisaa tvirTze (sxeulze) moqmedi simZimis Zala<br />
pas.: tvirTze moqmedi simZimis Zala, rogorc yovelTvis, mimarTulia qveviT.<br />
masw.: emTxveva Tu ara sxeulze moqmedi Zalisa da moZraobis mimarTuleba<br />
pas.: sxeulze moqmedi Zalisa da moZraobis mimarTuleba erTmaneTis sapirispiroa.<br />
masw.: maS ase, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxeulis moZraobis mimarTuleba modebuli Zalis mimarTulebis sapirispiroa,<br />
maSin mocemuli Zala uaryofiT muSaobas asrulebs.<br />
moifiqreT magaliTebi, romlebSic Zala aseve uaryofiT muSaobas asrulebs.<br />
(SeniSvna: aseTi magaliTebis mofiqreba moswavleebs uWirT, amitom dausviT winaswar SekiTxva, romelic maT mianiSnebs, romel situaciebSi<br />
asrulebs Zala uaryofiT muSaobas. gaixseneT, saiTaa yovelTvis mimarTuli moZrav sxeulze moqmedi garemos winaaRmdegobis<br />
Zalebi, mag., xaxunis Zala, haeris winaaRmdegobis Zala<br />
moswavleebma ician, rom moZrav sxeulze moqmedi garemos winaaRmdegobis Zalebi yovelTvis moZraobis sawinaaRmdegodaa mimarTuli<br />
da amitom magaliTebsac ukve advilad moifiqreben)<br />
mosw.: mag., manqana moZraobs marjvniv. masze moqmedi xaxunis Zala marcxnivaa mimarTuli. amitom am SemTxvevaSi<br />
xaxunis Zala uaryofiT muSaobas asrulebs.<br />
paraSutisti eSveba qveviT. haeris winaaRmdegobis Zala mimarTulia zeviT. amitom am SemTxvevaSic haeris<br />
winaaRmdegobis Zala uaryofiT muSaobas asrulebs.<br />
masw.: roca Zala uaryofiT muSaobas asrulebs, xSirad amboben, rom sruldeba muSaoba am Zalis daZlevaze<br />
an am Zalis sawinaaRmdegod.<br />
mag., Tqven iciT, rom moZrav manqanaze moqmedi xaxunis Zala uaryofiT muSaobas asrulebs. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
amboben, rom manqanis wevis Zala asrulebs muSaobas xaxunis Zalis daZlevaze an xaxunis Zalis sawinaaRmdegod.<br />
dafiqrdiT: romeli Zala asrulebs muSaobas vardnil paraSutistze moqmedi haeris winaaRmdegobis Zalis<br />
daZlevaze (anu haeris winaaRmdegobis Zalis sawinaaRmdegod)<br />
pas.: paraSutistis simZimis Zala.<br />
masw.: daakvirdiT imave SemTxvevas: saiTaa mimarTuli tvirTze gogonas mxridan moqmedi Zala, anu Zala,<br />
romliTac gogona tvirTs swevs<br />
pas.: tvirTze gogonas mxridan moqmedi Zala mimarTulia zeviT.<br />
masw.: ra mimarTulebiT moZraobs tvirTi<br />
pas: gogona dgeba, anu tvirTi moZraobs zeviT.<br />
masw: emTxveva Tu ara sxeulze gogonas mxridan moqmedi Zalisa da moZraobis mimarTuleba<br />
pas.: sxeulze gogonas mxridan moqmedi Zalisa da moZraobis mimarTuleba erTmaneTs emTxveva.<br />
masw.: gaakeTeT daskvna, rogor muSaobas asrulebs gogonas mxridan moqmedi Zala<br />
pas.: radgan sxeulze gogonas mxridan moqmedi Zalisa da moZraobis mimarTuleba erTmaneTs emTxveva,<br />
gogonas mxridan moqmedi Zala dadebiT muSobas asrulebs.<br />
masw.: daakvirdiT IV SemTxvevas: Tqven iciT, saiTaa mimarTuli tvirTze moqmedi simZimis Zala da gogonas<br />
mxridan moqmedi Zala. magram ra mimarTulebiT moZraobs am SemTxvevaSi tvirTi<br />
pas.: tvirTi moZraobs marjvniv.<br />
masw.: maS ase, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxeulis moZraobis mimarTuleba sxeulze modebuli Zalis marTobulia,<br />
mocemuli Zala muSaobas ar asrulebs.<br />
ase rom, am SemTxvevaSic arc tvirTze moqmedi simZimis Zala da arc gogonas mxridan moqmedi Zala mu-<br />
Saobas ar asrulebs.<br />
ase rom, Cven ganvixileT SemTxvevebi, roca Zala asrulebs muSaobas (dadebiTs an uaryofiTs) da roca<br />
ar asrulebs muSaobas. SeecadeT, CamoayaliboT, ra SemTxvevaSi sruldeba meqanikuri muSaoba<br />
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