saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati
saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati
saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati
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<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>parlamentis</strong> <strong>aparati</strong><br />
kvleviTi departamenti<br />
analitikuri ganyofileba<br />
`saxelmwifo valis Sesaxeb~ <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> kanonSi cvlilebebisa<br />
da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze<br />
kanonproeqtis mixedviT <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> mTavrobas ufleba eZleva<br />
gansazRvros saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis maregulirebeli normebi, rac<br />
kanonmdeblobas metad moqnils gaxdis aRniSnul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
saxelmwifo vali 1 aris kreditebis erToblioba, romelsac iRebs<br />
centraluri, federaluri, municipaluri an adgilobrivi mTavroba.<br />
vinaidan mTavroba warmoadgens xalxs, saxelmwifo vali gadasaxadebis<br />
gadamxdelTa arapirdapir valad SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli. saxelmwifo<br />
vali wlebis ganmavlobaSi grovdeba biujetis deficitis pirobebSi.<br />
saxelmwifo valis erT-erT saxes warmoadgens saxelmwifos mier<br />
gamoSvebuli fasiani qaRaldebi. fasiani qaRaldebis maregulrebeli<br />
normebi gulisxmobs fasiani qaRaldebis gamoSvebis, ganTavsebis,<br />
mimoqcevisa da momsaxurebis pirobebs.<br />
saxelmwifo valis dafarvis problema warmoadgens qveynis<br />
makroekonomikuri stabilizaciis mTavar qvakuTxeds. maszea damokidebuli<br />
qveynis biujetis mdgomareoba, erovnuli valutis stabiluroba,<br />
saprocento ganakveTebis done, inflaciis done da sainvesticio klimati.<br />
deficituri biujeti iwvevs Sida saxelmwifo valis swraf gazrdas.<br />
ganvixiloT saxelmwifo valis sakanonmdeblo regulireba ramdenime<br />
qveynis magaliTi.<br />
1 saxelmwifo vali iyofa Sida da sagareo valad. Sida vali – warmoadgens saxelmwifo<br />
davalianebas sakuTari moqalaqeebisa da mocemuli qveynis organizaciebis mimarT. sagareo<br />
vali – warmoadgens saxelmwifos finansuri movaleobebis jams ucxoeli kreditorebis<br />
mimarT, romelic unda iyos dafaruli dadgenil vadebSi.<br />
kvleviTi departamenti analitikuri ganyofileba
useTi<br />
ruseTis federaciis `sabiujeto kodeqsis~ muxli 97-iT, saxelmwifo vali<br />
aris ruseTis fedraciis sesxiTi valdebulebebi fizikuri da iuridiuli<br />
pirebis, ucxouri qveynebis, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis da saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTlis sxva subieqtebis winaSe. ruseTis federaciis saxelmwifo valis<br />
uzrunvelyofa, srulad da yovelgvari pirobebis gareSe, saxelmwifo<br />
xazinis Semadgeneli, federalur sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebiT xdeba.<br />
saxelmwifo vali SeiZleba gamoixatebodes Semdegi formebiT: sakredito<br />
organizaciebTan, ucxour qveynebTan da saerTaSoriso safinanso<br />
organizaciebTan ruseTis federaciis saxeliT am organizaciebis<br />
sasargeblod dadebuli SeTanxmebebi; ruseTis federaciis saxeliT<br />
gamoSvebuli saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebi; saxelmwifo garantiebis<br />
uzrunvelmyofeli SeTanxmebebi; federaluri kanonebis safuZvelze mesame<br />
pirebis sesxiTi valdebulebebis gadaformeba ruseTis federaciis<br />
saxelmwifo valad. (Tavi 14, muxli 98).<br />
federalur doneze, Sida da sagareo saxelmwifo valis zeda zRvari<br />
yovelwliurad ~saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb” kanoniT dgindeba. valis<br />
marTvas axorcielebs ruseTis federaciis mTavroba, xolo ruseTis<br />
federaciis subieqtis valis marTvas axorcielebs subieqtis<br />
xelmZRvaneloba. ruseTis federaciis mTavrobis kompetenciaSive Sedis<br />
valis marTvis normebis SemuSavebac.<br />
saxelmwifo valis aReba xdeba saxelmwifo sesxiTi valdebulebebis da<br />
federaluri biujetis deficitis dasafaravad. sagareo valis aRebis<br />
ufleba aqvs ruseTis federaciis mTavrobas, an mTavrobis mier<br />
uflebamosil aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis federalur organos (Tavi 14,<br />
muxli 103).<br />
litva<br />
litvaSi saxelmwifo valis sakiTxi regulirdeba `erovnuli valis Sesaxeb~<br />
kanoniT (# I-1508, 22 agvisto 1996 weli). am kanonis muxli 2 p. 1-3-Si<br />
mocemulia erovnuli valis ganmarteba, romelic warmoadgens litvis<br />
respublikis Sida da sagareo valis saerTo moculobas. valSi Sedis:<br />
sesxiTi xelSekrulebebi; mTavrobis garantiiT aRebuli sesxi; materialuri<br />
Rirebulebebi, sabanko obligaciebi, mTavrobis mier gamocemuli fasiani<br />
qaRaldebi, romelTa gadaxdac jer ar moxda.<br />
qveynis erovnul valis zRvars mTavrobis wardgeniT, wliuri biujetis<br />
SemuSavebis procesSi, litvis parlamenti adgens. mTavrobis davalianebis<br />
kvleviTi departamenti analitikuri ganyofileba
Sida da sagareo valad aRiareba seimis mier litvis mTavrobis winadadebiT<br />
xdeba (muxli 3, p. 1-2). dauSvebelia erovnuli bankis oqros da ucxouri<br />
valutis rezervebis gamoyeneba mTavrobis valebis dasafarad, vinaidan<br />
erovnuli banki ar aris samTavrobo valebze pasuxismgebeli piri (muxli 3,<br />
p. 9).<br />
qveynis sagareo valis erovnul valutaze gadaangariSeba da misi Semdgomi<br />
gadaxda xdeba mTavrobis fiskaluri agentis – litvis erovnuli bankis<br />
mier (muxli 5, p. 6).<br />
rac Seexeba Sida vals, mis gadasaxdelad qveynis finansTa saministros<br />
ufleba aqvs airCios sxva fiskaluri agenti. fasiani qaRaldebis gamocemis<br />
da vaWrobis maregulirebel normebs adgens litvis mTavroba. (muxli 6, p.<br />
5).<br />
latvia<br />
latviaSi saxelmwifo valis sakiTxi regulirdeba `biujetis da safinanso<br />
menejmentis Sesaxeb~ kanoniT (6 aprili 1994 weli). am kanonis Tanaxmad, im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tu finansuri wlis dasawyisisTvis saxelmwifo biujetis<br />
Sesaxeb kanoni ar iqna miRebuli, finansTa ministrs ufleba aqvs<br />
daadginons erovnuli valis zeda zRvari mimdinare fiskalur weliwadSi.<br />
(muxli 15).<br />
mxolod finansTa ministrs aqvs ufleba gasces garantiebi saxelmwifo<br />
valis dafarvaze wliuri biujetis limitebis gaTvaliswinebiT. aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi finansTa ministrs gadaecema saWiro informacia da<br />
dokumentacia erovnul valTan dakavSirebiT, romlis safuZvelzec is<br />
adgens valis gadaxdis grafiks. ministrTa kabineti adgens maregulirebel<br />
normebs da axorcielebs am noermebis Sesrulebaze zedamxedvelobas<br />
(muxli 37).<br />
belorusi<br />
belorusSi saxelmwifo Sida valis 2 sakiTxi regulirdeba `Sida<br />
saxelmwifo valis Sesaxeb~ kanoniT (#2328-XII, 27 maisi 1993 weli). Sida<br />
valis dafarvis wesi da vadebi dgindeba belorusis ministrTa sabWos, an<br />
2<br />
belorusSi sagareo xaxelmwifo valze calke kanoni ar aris.<br />
kvleviTi departamenti analitikuri ganyofileba
finansTa saministros mier (ministrTa sabWos gadawyvetilebiT). Sida<br />
saxelmwifo valis saxeebia: ministrTa sabWos mier gamoSvebuli fasiani<br />
qaRaldebi, erovnuli bankis kreditebi, sxva valdebulebebi, romlebic<br />
garantirebulia belorusis ministrTa sabWos mier. Sida vali SeiZleba<br />
iyos mokle da grZelvadiani (muxli 4).<br />
fasiani qaRaldebis maregulirebel normebs belorusis ministrTa sabWo an<br />
finansTa saministro SeimuSavebs.<br />
Sida valis yovelwliur odenobas gansazRvravs belorusis umaRlesi<br />
sabWo, ministrTa sabWos winandadebiT.<br />
belorusis Sida valis garantias warmoadgens respublikis sakuTrebaSi<br />
arsebuli qoneba da sxva aqtivebi (muxli 2).<br />
somxeTi<br />
somxeTSi saxelmwifo valis sakiTxi regulirdeba `somxeTis respublikis<br />
sabiujeto sistemis Sesaxeb~ kanoniT (24 ivnisi, 1997 weli). kanonis me-6<br />
Tavis me-40 muxliT dgindeba deficituri biujetis dafinansebis wyaroebi.<br />
esenia: a) Sida resursebi: centraluri bankis resursebi; somxeTis<br />
komerciuli bankebis resursebi; saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebi;<br />
saxelmwifo sawarmoebis da dausrulebeli mSeneblobebis privatizaciidan<br />
miRebuli Semosavlebi; sxva Sida wyaroebi; b) sagareo resursebi:<br />
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis wyaroebi; ucxouri qveynebis wyaroebi; sxva<br />
sagareo wyaroebi.<br />
saxelmwifo valis maregulirebel normebs adgens somexTis respublikis<br />
finansTa da ekonomikis saministroebi.<br />
slovakeTi<br />
slovakeTSi saxelmwifo valis sakiTxi regulirdeba `saxelmwifo valisa<br />
da saxelmwifo garantiebis Sesaxeb~ kanoniT (#386/2002, 18 ivlisi, 2002<br />
weli). saxelmwifo garantiebi SeiZleba gaices iseT sesxebze, romelic<br />
gaTvlilia slovakeTis mTavrobis mier gamocxadebuli ganviTarebis<br />
programebis da ekonomikuri zrdis dasafinanseblad. aseve SeiZleba<br />
saxelmwifo garantiebis gacema iseT sesxebze, romlebic mimarTulia<br />
industriis, garemos, transportis, soflis meurneobis, satyeo meurneobisa<br />
da samSeneblo sferoebis mxardaWeraze.<br />
kvleviTi departamenti analitikuri ganyofileba
organizacia, romelsac surs saxelmwifo garantiiT sesxis aReba<br />
valdebulia Seitanos ganacxadi finansTa saministroSi, romelsac Tavis<br />
mxriv, ufleba aqvs daamtkicos aseTi moTxovna mTavrobis nebarTviT. amis<br />
Semdeg, finansTa saministro adgens kontraqts ganacxadis Semomtan<br />
organizaciasTan, sadac detalurad aris gawerili pirobebi. im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tu finansTa saministro gaxdeba valdebuli gadaixados<br />
organizaciis vali (romelic aRebuli iyo saxelmwifo garantiiT), dgeba<br />
axali kontraqti, sadac gawerilia organizaciis mier saxelmwifosTvis am<br />
zianis anazRaurebis grafiki. movale organizacias ar aqvs ufleba<br />
gadasces sakuTari qoneba sxva organizacias an daaawesos maRali<br />
saprocento ganakveTi Tavis aqciebze, manam, sanam vali ar iqneba dafaruli.<br />
slovakeTSi saxelmwifo valis marTva xorcieldeba finansTa saminisros<br />
da valebisa da likvidurobis saagentos mier.<br />
CexeTi<br />
CexeTSi `saministroebisa da saxelmwifo administraciis sxva centraluri<br />
organoebis Sesaxeb~ kanonis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo xazinis zogierTi<br />
funqciis Sesruleba finansTa saministros daekisra. esenia: 1. saxelmwifo<br />
biujetis operaciebis ganxorcieleba; 2. sabuRaltro aRricxvisa da<br />
Semosavlebis marTva; 3. saxelmwifo fondebis marTva; 4. saxelmwifo valis<br />
marTva.<br />
saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis gamoSveba, marTva da dafarva<br />
(uzrunvelyofa) evaleba finansTa saministros `saxelmwifo obligaciebis<br />
Sesaxeb~ kanoniT (# 190, 2004 weli).<br />
saxelmwifos finansuri agenti aris CexeTis erovnuli banki, is awarmoebs<br />
yvela xarjebis da Semosavlebis aRricxvas, vinaidan kreditebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT is risks ar eqvemdebareba.<br />
saxelmwifo valis aReba dasaSvebia mxolod deficituri biujetis<br />
pirobebSi. saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis marTvis wesebs finansTa<br />
saministro adgens da parlaments gadascems dasamtkiceblad.<br />
bulgareTi<br />
bulgareTSi saxelmwifo valis sakiTxi `saxelmwifo valis Sesaxeb~<br />
kanoniT regulirdeba (17 seqtemberi 2002 weli). sagareo valis erovnul<br />
kvleviTi departamenti analitikuri ganyofileba
valutaze gadaangariSebas bulgareTis erovnuli banki axorcielebs (Tavi<br />
2, muxli 3). saxelmwifo valis saxeebia: mTavrobis mier gamocemuli fasiani<br />
qaRaldebi; mTavrobis sesxis xelSekrulebebi. samTavrobo sesxis aReba<br />
dasaSvebia mxolod:<br />
- deficituri biujetis dasafarad;<br />
- erovnuli asambleis mier damtkicebuli sainvesticio proeqtebis da<br />
specialuri programebis dasafinanseblad;<br />
- saxelmwifo valis vadis gadacilebis safrTxis SemTxvevaSi valis<br />
dasafaravad (vadis gasvlis an wina dRes);<br />
- qveyanaSi gadasaxadebis balansis SesanarCuneblad. (Tavi 2, muxli 5 (1))<br />
saxelmwifo valis zeda zRvars adgens ministrTa sabWo (Tavi 3, muxli 10).<br />
ministrTa sabWos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze saxelmwifo valis aRebis<br />
ufleba aqvs qveynis finansTa saministros. finansTa saministros<br />
movaleobebSi Sedis saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis gamoSvebac. (Tavi 4,<br />
muxli 12). finansuri wlis bolos, finansTa ministri valdebulia erovnul<br />
asambleas warudginos saxelmwifo valis Sesaxeb wliuri angariSi,<br />
romelsac Tavdapirvelad ganixilavs ministrTa sabWo (muxli 15). finansTa<br />
ministri aseve valdebulia SeimuSavos saxelmwifo valis marTvis<br />
samwliani strategia, romelic unda daamtkicos ministrTa sabWom.<br />
saxelmwifo valis aRebis SemTxvevaSi, finansTa ministri mTavrobis<br />
saxeliT monawileobs molaparakebebSi. cvlilebebis Setana da axali<br />
xelSekrulebebis dadeba xeba mxolod finansTa ministris TanxmobiT. yvela<br />
organizacia, romelic iRebs sesxs saxelmwifo garantiiT, valdebulia<br />
waradginos saTanado informacia da dokumentacia finansTa saministroSi<br />
yoveli Tvis 15 ricxvamde. samTavrobo garantiebis gacemis procedurebs<br />
adgens qveynis ministrTa sabWo (muxli 22).<br />
bulgareTis erovnuli banki waroadgens mTavrobis finansur agents da<br />
moqmedebs finansTa saministrosTan SeTanxmebuli normebiT. Tavisi<br />
funqciebis gasaxorcieleblad, erovnulma bankma unda moaxdinos<br />
saxelmwifo valis registracia da momsaxurebis sistemis Seqmna (muxli 34).<br />
makedonia<br />
kvleviTi departamenti analitikuri ganyofileba
makedoniaSi moqmedebs kanoni `saxelmwifo valis Sesaxeb~ (2005 wlis<br />
ivnisi). saxelmwifo valis gadaangariSeba erovnul valutaze xdeba<br />
makedoniis erovnuli bankis mier im kursiT, romelic aris valis aRebis<br />
dRes (muxli 8). mxolod mTavrobas aqvs ufleba dados sesxis<br />
xelSekrulebebi makedoniis saxeliT. saxelmwifo valis marTvaSi qveynis<br />
finansTa saministros Semdegi fuqnciebi aqvs:<br />
- strategiis SemuSaveba da gatareba;<br />
- strategiis ganxorcielebaze wliuri angariSis momzadeba;<br />
- saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis gamoSveba.<br />
saxelmwifo valis aReba SeiZleba mxolod:<br />
- specialuri proeqtebis da investiciebis dasafinanseblad;<br />
- qveyanaSi sagadasaxado balansis SenarCunebisTvis;<br />
- biujetis deficitis dasafinanseblad;<br />
- bunebrivi kataklizmebiT gamowveuli zianis aRmosafxvrelad<br />
(muxli 12).<br />
saxelmwifo sesxis aRebisas savaldebuloa finansTa saministros<br />
monawileoba, manve unda SeimuSavos xelSekrulebis pirobebi yoveli axali<br />
sesxis aRebisas (muxli 16). makedoniis mTavroba adgens saxelmwifo fasiani<br />
qaRaldebis tips da misi gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze finansTa saministro<br />
gamoscems fasian qaRaldebs da SeimuSavebs maregulirebel normebs.<br />
norvegia<br />
norvegiis finansTa saministro pasuxismgebelia saxelmwifo valis<br />
marTvaze. norvegiis centralur banksa da finansTa saministros Soris<br />
dadebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, saxelmwifo valTan dakavSirebuli<br />
zogi movaleoba gadavida centraluri bankis funqciebSi. am SeTanxmebis<br />
Tanaxmad, centraluri bankis funqciebi saxelmwifo valis marTvis<br />
sakiTxSi vrceldeba saxelmwifo fasian qaRaldebTan da xazinis<br />
TamasuqebTan dakavSirebul sabazro operaciebze.<br />
saxelmwifo valebis gaangariSebas erovnul valutaze axdens norvegiis<br />
banki, romelic amasTanave asrulebs mTavrobis finansuri agentis rolsac.<br />
saxelmwifo Sida sesxebis mizania sabanko sistemis likvidurobis<br />
uzunvelyofa, aseve norvegiis safinanso bazris efeqturi funqcionirebis<br />
uzrunvelyofa. am mizniT gamoSvebuli saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis<br />
dafarvis vada 1 Tvidan 10 wlamde vadiT ganisazRvreba.<br />
kvleviTi departamenti analitikuri ganyofileba
ogorc zemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan naTlad Cans, saxelmwifo valis<br />
maregulirebeli normebis SemuSaveba da masze kontrolis ganxorcieleba<br />
ZiriTadad qveynis mTavrobis (finansTa saminstros) fuqnciebSi Sedis.<br />
amavdroulad, saxelmwifo valTan mimarTebaSi mTavrobis finansuri agentis<br />
rolSi qveynis erovnuli banki gvevlineba. saxelmwifo valis aReba<br />
dasaSvebia mxolod deficituri biujetis pirobebSi.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />
moamzada analitikuri ganyofilebis<br />
mTavarma specialistma maia muxuraZem<br />
1. http://www.minfin.bg/en/page/5<br />
2. http://www.bi.go.id/NR/rdonlyres/FEF2296B-80F1-4745-8B13-<br />
DBDDA2180F5F/1572/UpdateDPSUNNov2006.pdf<br />
3. http://www.mof.gov.il/debt/gov/about.asp<br />
4. http://www.debtagency.be/en_data_debt_state_definition.htm<br />
5. http://www.norges-bank.no/Pages/Article____11676.aspx<br />
6. http://ref.by/refs/101/1214/1.html<br />
7. http://www.pravoteka.ru/enc/933.html<br />
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_debt#Global<br />
9. http://www.fifoost.org/slowakei/recht/sfln/buch2002/node69.php<br />
kvleviTi departamenti analitikuri ganyofileba
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