samxedro skola (iunkrebi)
samxedro skola (iunkrebi)
samxedro skola (iunkrebi)
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saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro<br />
saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabi<br />
J7 <strong>samxedro</strong> ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo momzadebis<br />
departamenti<br />
ssip iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da<br />
eTnologiis instituti<br />
lela saraliZe<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong> (<strong>iunkrebi</strong>)<br />
pirveli demokratiuli<br />
respublikis dros<br />
meomris biblioTeka #6<br />
Tbilisi<br />
2008
Tqvens winaSea axali seriis ,,meomris biblioTekis~ meeqvse wigni; seria iTvaliswinebs<br />
wignebis mTel wyebas, romlebSic popularulad iqneba gadmocemuli saqarTvelosa da<br />
msoflio istoriis yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani movlenebi.<br />
seriis mizania qarTveli meomris da imedia, ara marto misi, patriotuli aRzrda da<br />
codnis miwodeba misaReb formebSi. seriaSi gaTvaliswinebulia popularuli, magram maRal<br />
profesionalur doneze dawerili saxelmZRvaneloebi; es patara, magram tevadi da kargad<br />
gaformebuli broSurebi mieZRvneba qarTvelTa udides mefe daviTs, Tamars, giorgi<br />
brwyinvales, bagrat III-s, saqarTveloSi warmoebul mTavar da gadamwyvet brZolebs,<br />
XIX_XX ss-is gamoCenil qarTvel oficrebs, saqarTvelosa da msoflio <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
istoriis calkeul sakiTxebsa da a.S.<br />
seriis gamocemis iniciatorebi arian iv. javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis<br />
instituti da saqarTvelos Tavdacvis saministro.<br />
didi survili da imedi gvaqvs, rom meomarTa da oficerTa garda, saqarTvelos yoveli<br />
moqalaqe siamovnebiT miiRebs am seriis yovel axal wigns.<br />
seriis garekanze moTavsebuli warwera da didi daviTi yvelas Seaxsenebs, rom<br />
brZola saqarTvelosTvis dResac grZeldeba.<br />
vaJa kiknaZe<br />
seriis saredaqcio kolegia:<br />
istoriis mecnierebaTa<br />
doqtori, profesori<br />
istoriis mecnierebaTa<br />
doqtori, profesori<br />
vaJa kiknaZe<br />
Tamaz beraZe<br />
mecnierebaTa doqtori,<br />
vice polkovniki Temur dalaqiSvili<br />
recenzenti:<br />
istoriis mecnierebaTa<br />
doqtori, profesori dodo WumburiZe<br />
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Lnino gigani<br />
ydis dizaini: giorgi kiknaZe<br />
redaqtori: nargiz xarabaZe<br />
teqnikuri redaqtori: mari WoniSvili<br />
damtkicebuli da samoqmedod SemoRebulia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis<br />
gaerTianebuli Stabis J7 <strong>samxedro</strong> ganaTlebisa da sabrZolo<br />
departamentis ufrosis _ polkovnik nodar qviliTaias mier<br />
saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabis<br />
topografiuli sammarTvelos stamba. 2008 w.<br />
q. Tbilisi, general kvinitaZis q. #20<br />
tel.: +995 32 91-19-83<br />
faqsi: +995 32 91-19-83<br />
2
1918 wlis 26 maiss, gamocxadda saqarTvelos damoukidebloba.<br />
monarqiuli wyobileba Seicvala respublikuriT, riTac qarTuli<br />
saxelmwifoebriobis ocdaaTsaukunovan istoriaSi axali xana daiwyo. 1918-<br />
1921 wlebis saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis istoriis obieqturi<br />
gaSuqeba didi xnis manZilze ikrZaleboda komunisturi reJimis mier. Cveni<br />
qveynis istoriis es samwliani monakveTi mravalmxriv aris saintereso.<br />
demokratiuli respublikis saxelmwifo struqturebi, jer kidev<br />
Camoyalibebis procesSi imyofebodnen, rodesac ruseTis jarebis mier<br />
saqarTvelos aneqsia ganxorcielda.<br />
damfuZnebeli krebis ∗ safinanso-sabiujeto komisia gansakuTrebul<br />
yuradRebas miapyrobda qveynis Tavdacvis gaZlierebas. demokratiuli<br />
respublikis saxelmwifo biujeti 1919 wels Seadgenda 1 950 380 000<br />
maneTs; aqedan <strong>samxedro</strong> saministros, yvela uwyebaze meti, 539 milioni<br />
maneTi gamoeyo. imave wels Seiqmna <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>. <strong>samxedro</strong> saministros<br />
gankargulebaSi iyo: 3 qveiTi brigade _ TiTo saartilerio divizioniT, 6<br />
sanapiro razmi, Tbilisis sadarajo aTaseuli, saarmio-saartilerio<br />
divizioni, mesangreTa aTaseuli, cxenosani razmi, avtomobilTa gundi,<br />
saaviacio gundi da radiotelegrafis gundi. <strong>samxedro</strong> samsaxurSi,<br />
miaxloebiTi monacemebiT, imyofeboda: 1161 oficeri da <strong>samxedro</strong> moxele, 13.<br />
167 jariskaci, 587 nebayoflobiT momsaxure jariskaci. aqedan mwyobrSi iyo:<br />
870 oficeri da <strong>samxedro</strong> moxele, 13. 425 <strong>samxedro</strong> valdebulebiT gawveuli<br />
jariskaci, 486 nebayoflobiT momsaxure jariskaci; <strong>samxedro</strong> saministrosa da<br />
mis dawesebulebebSi 301 oficeri da <strong>samxedro</strong> piri, 742 savaldebulo vadiT,<br />
xolo 101 nebayoflobiT momsaxure jariskaci. general mazniaSvilis cnobiT,<br />
qarTuli jaris saerTo ricxvi aRwevda 20.000-ss; am ricxvSi zemoT<br />
CamoTvlili nawilebis garda, mas Sehyavda kidev 1 cxenosani legioni, erTi<br />
saavtomobilo aseuli da 4 javSniani matarebeli. rac Seexeba jaris<br />
mobilizacias da mobilizaciur aparats, <strong>samxedro</strong> kanonis Tanaxmad, jari,<br />
omis dros unda gasamebuliyo, ase magaliTad: 12 aTaseuli gadaiqceoda 36<br />
aTaseulad, rac gvardiis 23 aTaseulTan erTad, 50-55 aTas jariskacs<br />
Seadgenda. aRniSnuli kanonis erT-erTi muxlis Tanaxmad: `Tu samSoblo<br />
gansacdelSia, kanonmdebel organos SeuZlia gaiwvios jarSi respublikis<br />
yvela moqalaqe 17-dan 55 wlamde~. rogorc saqarTvelos demokratiuli<br />
respublikis Sinagan saqmeTa ministri noe ramiSvili acxadebda: `ra<br />
momentSiac moiTxovs saWiroeba, me mzada myavs 60.000 kacio~. samwuxarod,<br />
1921 wels bolSevikebTan omis dros, samobilizacio aparati aseTi<br />
mobilizaciisaTvis momzadebuli ver aRmoCnda. 1919 wels <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
samsaxurSi gawveuli iqna 19. 000 axalgazrda, 1920-Si_21.000. sayovelTaod<br />
miRebulia, rom mobilizaciis SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifos SeuZlia <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
samsaxurSi gaiwvios qveynis mcxovrebTa 10-12%. aRniSnuli wesiT, im<br />
droisaTvis qveynis or milion mcxovrebze SesaZlo iyo samobilizacio<br />
aparati mowyobiliyo ara 55.000 kacisaTvis, aramed 200.000 kacisaTvis.<br />
3
arsebobs jaris organizaciis ori forma: 1) jaris mowyoba miliciis saxiT<br />
da 2) regularuli jari. miliciuri sistemis dros ar arsebobs mudmivi<br />
jari, moqalaqeni <strong>samxedro</strong> momzadebas <strong>samxedro</strong> kursebze da ganmeorebiT<br />
kursebze gadian. momzadebuli da disciplinirebuli jaris Senaxva<br />
saxelmwifos gacilebiT didi Tanxebi ujdeboda; samagierod jariskacebi,<br />
romlebic ixdidnen <strong>samxedro</strong> begaras, mudam mzadyofnaSi iyvnen mtris<br />
asalagmad; amasTanave iyvnen disciplinirebulni. im mizniT, raTa sarbieli<br />
gaxsnoda qarTul sulSi bunebiT Tandayolil mxedrul miswrafebebs, saWiro<br />
iyo mSvidobian mcxovrebTa darazmva qveynis samsaxurSi; rogorc <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
skolis erT-erTi damaarsebeli, aleqsandre CxeiZe ambobda: `Cven unda<br />
gvaxsovdes, rom omi ZalTa gamocdaa mTeli eris da ara misi romelime<br />
nawilis; da organizaciac SeiaraRebul ZalTaTvis unda Seiqmnas iseTi,<br />
romelic ers miscems saSualebas yvela Tavisi Zalebi gamoiyenos~.<br />
qarTul <strong>samxedro</strong> istoriografiaSi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa 1919<br />
wels qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis daarsebis da am skolidan gamosul patriot<br />
iunkerTa samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli brZolis istoria. aRniSnuli<br />
sakiTxisadmi interesi aqtualuria dResac, rodesac damoukidebeli<br />
saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis procesSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba<br />
qarTuli armiis mSeneblobas.<br />
1919 wels, gamoCenili qarTveli <strong>samxedro</strong> moRvaweebis didi SromiTa da<br />
ZalisxmeviT Seiqmna <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>, romelic qarTuli mxedruli didebisa<br />
da Zveli qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> xelovnebis Rirseuli gagrZeleba iyo. <strong>skola</strong><br />
gaixsna 1919 wlis 5 seqtembers. ZiriTadi moTxovna iyo saSualo ganaTleba<br />
da kargi fizikuri mdgomareoba. ruseTidan Camosul zogierT axalgazrdas,<br />
ar hqonda araviTari sabuTi, rac <strong>skola</strong>Si maTi miRebis siZneles qmnida.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis aRzrdilTa mier kojorsa da tabaxmelasTan, 1921 wlis<br />
TebervalSi, gadaxdili brZolebi da gmiruli Tavdadeba daviTis, Tamaris,<br />
erekles didi gamarjvebebis brwyinvale gamoZaxili iyo.<br />
1917 wlis oqtombris e.w. revoluciis Semdeg daiwyo ganapira qveynebis<br />
ruseTisgan CamoSorebis procesi, dairRva kavkasiis fronti. am periodSi<br />
daarsda amierkavkasiis respublika _ saqarTvelos, azerbaijanisa da somxeTis<br />
SemadgenlobiT. amave dros, daiwyo erovnuli <strong>samxedro</strong> nawilebis Sedgena.<br />
qarTuli korpusis Seqmna miendo polkovnik stefane axmetelaSvils, Stabis<br />
ufrosad dainiSna kapitani ioseb gedevaniSvili. TanamedroveTa gadmocemiT, s.<br />
axmetelaSvili xazis kargi oficeri iyo, magram aklda korpusis<br />
ufrosisaTvis saWiro momzadeba da gamocdileba aseTi friad seriozuli<br />
saqmisTvis; rac Seexeba i. gedevaniSvils, igi 12-15 weliwadi ukve aRar<br />
msaxurobda armiaSi.<br />
cxadi gaxda <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis daarsebis aucilebloba nacvalTa ∗ da<br />
oficerTa mosamzadeblad. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis proeqtis Sesadgenad StabSi<br />
miiwvies polkovniki aleqsandre CxeiZe. Tavdapirvelad gadawyda qarTul<br />
korpusTan daarsebuliyo orgundiani nacvalTa aTaseuli. aTaseulis<br />
4
ufrosoba swored mas daevala. mogvianebiT skolis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
al. CxeiZe wers: `rodesac vigoneb skolis gaxsnis dRes, Zalauneburad<br />
magondeba is gancdani, romelic piradad me vigrZeni. ar viyavi ukve<br />
axalgazrda oficeri, Tan maxlda 26 wlis praqtika <strong>samxedro</strong> dargSi. mqonda<br />
miRebuli didi gamocdileba rusul <strong>samxedro</strong> skolebSi samsaxuriT da garda<br />
amisa sabrZolo gamocdileba did omSi miRebuli. SemiZlia Tamamad vTqva, rom<br />
momzadeba mqonda sakmarisi da es maZlevda uflebas ameRo Cem Tavze iseTi<br />
mZime amocana, rogoric axalgazrdebis aRzrda da maTi <strong>samxedro</strong> xelobaSi<br />
gawvrTnaa... swored dadga SesaZlebloba Semesyida (e.i. gamomesyida l. s.)<br />
mZime danaSauli, romelic CavidineT Cven da TiTqmis mTelma Cvenma erma sxva<br />
da sxva dargSi mtrul erisadmi samsaxuriT~ (igulisxmeba ruseTis<br />
samsaxurSi yofna).<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis organizaciis TvalsazrisiT, sagulisxmo iyo is faqti,<br />
rom erTsa da imave <strong>skola</strong>Si, erTi xelmZRvanelobis qveS iwvrTneboda da<br />
aRzrdas Rebulobada, rogorc momavali oficeri, ise jariskacic_momavali<br />
nacvali. erTad aRzrda da gawvrTna xels uwyobda jaris SeduReba-<br />
SekavSirebas, vinaidan, rogorc <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis mesveurebi fiqrobdnen, erT<br />
yaidaze aRzrdili oficeri da nacvali gadaitandnen mTel jarSi im wesrigs<br />
da moTxovnilebebs danergavdnen, rac maT erTad SeiTvises skolis kedlebSi.<br />
skolis xelmZRvanelobis azriT, garkveuli periodis Semdeg, es saswavlebeli<br />
iqneboda erTsulovani, disciplinirebuli da movaleobis SegnebiT aRWurvili<br />
jari. samwuxarod, es ar moxerxda, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis<br />
xanmokle arsebobis gamo. yoveli <strong>samxedro</strong> erTeulis Sefaseba xdeba mis mier<br />
miRweuli Sedegebis, msxverplis raodenobis mixedviT. qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom mterTan yoveli Setakebisas,<br />
isini, TiTqmis yovelTvis, gamarjvebulni rCebodnen, Tumca msxverplic ar<br />
dahklebiaT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom <strong>skola</strong> iyo patara gmiruli erTeuli,<br />
aRWurvili saukeTeso <strong>samxedro</strong> TvisebebiT.<br />
skolis saStato ganrigi ukve 1917 wlis bolos gamocxadda. skolis<br />
organizeba unda momxdariyo calke aTaseulis msgavsad, amasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
aleqsandre CxeiZe igonebs: `... swrafad avirCie oficerTa Semadgenloba da<br />
gamovZebne Zveli uvado nacvlebi. saubedurod, cvalebadi Semadgenloba anu<br />
mosamzadebeli masala jer arsad Canda da es imitom, rom am droisaTvis jer<br />
arc polkebis organizacia iyo dasrulebuli, arc gawveva iyo gamocxadebuli.<br />
marTalia, am mizezis gamo <strong>skola</strong> umoqmedobda, magram dro mainc ar<br />
ikargeboda da grovdeboda aTaseulisaTvis saWiro qoneba da mowyobiloba~.<br />
1918 wlis 26 maiss, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg,<br />
manamade arsebuli nacvalTa <strong>skola</strong> da mTeli korpusi arsebuli saxiT<br />
gadmovida saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis gankargulebaSi. gadawyda<br />
nacvalTa momzadeba gadascemoda polkebs, xolo nacvalTa aTaseulis<br />
sanacvlod daarsebuliyo <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong> oficerTa mosamzadeblad. amrigad,<br />
nacvalTa aTaseulma daasrula Tavisi arseboba.<br />
5
1918 wlis 20 agvistos gamocxadda qarTuli jarebis axali Statebi.<br />
imTaviTve miRebul iqna principuli gadawyvetileba qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
skolis daarsebis Sesaxeb. Tavdapirvelad skolis ufrosad dainiSna generali<br />
andria benaSvili, skolis ufrosis TanaSemwed- aleqsandre CxeiZe. yofil<br />
nacvalTa aTaseulis yvela oficeri, aTaseulis qonebianad (romelic im dros<br />
didi iyo), gadavida axlad daarsebul <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>Si.<br />
amave periodSi daiSala Tbilisis kadetTa korpusi. <strong>samxedro</strong> ministris<br />
brZanebiT, korpusis mmarTvelobisagan, Cambarebeli komisiis Tavmjdomared<br />
dainiSna al. CxeiZe. skolis moTavseba gadawyda yofili Tbilisis <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
saswavleblis SenobaSi. dasawyisSi <strong>skola</strong>s gadaeca mxolod Senobis nawili,<br />
vinaidan danarCeni gvardielebs da maT qonebas ekavaT.<br />
1918 wlis 20 seqtembers, polkidan <strong>skola</strong>Si samTvian kursebze gaigzavna<br />
40 oficeri kapitnis xarisxiT. kursebis programa iTvaliswinebda<br />
instruqtorul da taqtikuri momzadebis wesebsac. somxeT-saqarTvelos omis<br />
gamo, 16 seqtembers gamocxadda mobilizacia, Sesabamisad gamoica brZaneba<br />
ganmeorebiTi kursidan oficrebis polkebSi dabrunebis Sesaxeb.<br />
1919 wlis Tebervlis ricxvebSi ganmeorebiT kursebze gaigzavna umcros<br />
oficerTa meore Semadgenloba. swored, im periodSi daiwyo Setakebebi<br />
axalcixis frontze. gakveTilebis meore saaTze gaica brZaneba oficerTa<br />
polkebSi dabrunebis Taobaze. frontze gaiwvies skolis oficrebic.<br />
nabrZanebi iyo xazis mowyoba borjomSi da aseve jaris winsvlasTan<br />
SefardebiT, awyurSi da axalcixeSi. al. CxeiZe dainiSna mTliani xazis<br />
ufrosad. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis ori oficeri (kap. alaviZe da kap. aroniSiZe)<br />
Sevidnen oficerTa razmebis ufrosTa SemadgenlobaSi. maisis dasawyisSi<br />
brZolebi Sewyda da mivlinebuli oficrebi <strong>skola</strong>s daubrundnen.<br />
1919 wlis pirvel agvistos damtkicda axali Statebi, romlis<br />
mixedviTac Seicvala <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis mdgomareoba da man Semdegi saxe miiRo:<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis mowafeTa ricxvi ifargleboda 180 kaciT. es unda<br />
yofiliyo erTi gundi. amaTgan pirvel weliwads unda mieRoT 90 moswavle,<br />
SemdegSi yovelwliurad 90 kaci. pirvel kursze mowafeebi gadiodnen saerTo<br />
Teoriul <strong>samxedro</strong> kurss da qveiTi jaris mecadineobas. banakad gasvlisas,<br />
mowafeebi nawildebodnen iaraRis specialur dargebze: 60 midioda qveiTi<br />
jaris ganyofilebaze, 10 sainJinroze, 15 saartileroze da 5 sacxenosno<br />
dargSi. meore kursze <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis mowafeebi 4 dargisagan Semdgar<br />
patara razms warmoadgendnen. <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>sTan iunkerTa gundis garda,<br />
skolis organizaciis mixedviT, unda yofiliyo nacvalTa aTaseuli, nacvlebis<br />
mosamzadeblad, Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: 3 qveiTi gundi, 3 brigadis<br />
saWiroebisaTvis _ sul 150 kaciani gundi. garda amisa, erTi gundi 70<br />
kaciani sanapiro jaris gundi, erTi metyviamfrqvevelTa gundi, 150 kaciT da<br />
8 tyviamfrqveviT, 80 kaciani batareia ori savele zarbazniT, ori qvemexiT<br />
da erTi haubiciT. SemdegSi amas kidev daemata 25 kaciani cxenosanTa mwyobri.<br />
6
iunkerTaTvis kursis dawyebis dRed dainiSna 1 seqtemberi,<br />
aTaseulisaTvis, _ 15 noemberi. nacvlebisaTvis 8 Tviani kursi iyo.<br />
axali saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi, agvistos pirvel ricxvebSi, <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
skolis ufrosad dainiSna generali giorgi kvinitaZe. skolis yofili<br />
xelmZRvaneli, _ generali andrea benaSvili gadayvanili iqna topografiuli<br />
ganyofilebis ufrosad. saartilerio da cxenosan ganyofilebaTa<br />
xelmZRvanelebad dainiSnen Zveli gamocdili oficrebi: kap. qarumiZe da kap.<br />
sulxaniSvili. general g. kvinitaZis winadadebiT, iunkerTa gundis ufrosoba<br />
miendo polk. gardafxaZes, rogorc Zvel, gamocdil da gamoCenil kadris<br />
oficers (SemdegSi is daiRupa saxelovani sikvdiliT). skolis ufrosis<br />
TanaSemwe iyo aleqsandre CxeiZe. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom demokratiuli<br />
respublikis mTavrobis specialuri komisiis mier, polk. gardafxaZe da polk.<br />
CxeiZe dawunebulni iqnen da mxolod gen. kvinitaZis moTxovnis Semdeg,<br />
gaagrZeles maT <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>Si moRvaweoba.<br />
saintereso iqneba gavixsenoT cota ram giorgi kvinitaZis biografiidan.<br />
zogierTi cnobiT, giorgi ivanes Ze kvinitaZe daibada daRestanSi. misi mama<br />
ivane <strong>samxedro</strong> piri iyo. 13 wlis asakSi mas gvari gadaukeTebia da ruseTis<br />
samsaxurSi Sesula. manmade is Ciqovani iyo. giorgic mamis kvals gahyva:<br />
Tavdapirvelad swavlobda Tbilisis kadetTa korpusSi, Semdeg daamTavra<br />
peterburgis saoficro <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong> da msaxurobda Tbilisis garnizonSi,<br />
vladikavkazis polkSi, Semdeg poloneTSi, xolo ruseT-iaponiis omis<br />
dawyebisas (1904 w.), misi surviliT, ganaweses Soreuli aRmosavleTis<br />
jarebSi. iyo manjuriaSi, monawileoba miiRo ruseT-iaponiis omSi, sadac mas<br />
tyviamfrqvevelTa razmi Caabares. iq, man <strong>samxedro</strong> jildoebTan erTad,<br />
namdvili sabrZolo naTloba miiRo. pirveli msoflio omis damTavrebis<br />
Semdeg, 36 wlis kapitani _ giorgi kvinitaZe Sedis peterburgis generaluri<br />
Stabis akademiaSi, sadac swavlobs 1907-1909 wlebSi. akademiadamTavrebul<br />
giorgi kvinitaZes, maioris CiniT, gzavnian varSavaSi, magram male gadmohyavT<br />
kavkasiaSi. 1917 wlis ruseTis revoluciis Semdeg, ruseTis saimperatoro<br />
armiis polkovniki giorgi kvinitaZe, rogorc namdvil qarTvel patriots<br />
Sehferis, Cadga damoukidebeli saqarTvelos samsaxurSi. generloba mas<br />
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam mianiWa, rasac didad<br />
afasebda. aRsaniSnavia, rom giorgi kvinitaZis da aleqsandre CxeiZis meuRle<br />
gaxldaT.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis saorganizacio muSaoba Semdegnairad ganawilda:<br />
generali giorgi kvinitaZe uZRveboda skolis saswavlo-Teoriul nawils da<br />
skolis gareT muSaobas, al. CxeiZe ganagebda skolis <strong>samxedro</strong> swavlaaRzrdis<br />
saqmes, amasTanave iyo samneo nawilis meTvalyure.<br />
Tavdapirvelad skolis saswavlo nawili didi siZneleebis winaSe<br />
aRmoCnda, radgan: 1) srulebiT ar moipoveboda saswavlo wignebi, 2)<br />
gaZnelebuli iyo leqtorebis monaxva, 3) orjer gamoicvala kadrebis<br />
inspeqtori. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis moswavleebs istorias aswavlida profesori<br />
7
ivane javaxiSvili, xolo qarTuls vasil barnovi. nikoloz maTikaSvili<br />
igonebs: `saswavlo programis Teoriul dargTagan gvaswavlidnen: <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
istorias, taqtikas, topografias, fortifikacias. am dargTa maswavleblebi<br />
iyvnen generlebi: kvinitaZe, andronikaSvili, polkovniki vaxvaxiSvili da<br />
sxvebi... gvyavda eriskaci maswavlebelic. es iyo cnobili mwerali da<br />
sazogado moRvawe vasil barnovi. gvikiTxavda is leqciebs qarTul istoriasa<br />
da literaturaSi da Tavisi saxovani, gulSi Camwvdomi qarTuliT gvinergavda<br />
samSoblos uzomo erTgulebas da siyvaruls. skolis saboloo mizani iyo<br />
mieca msmenelTaTvis sakmarisi Teoriuli da praqtikuli codna <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
xelovnebaSi, Caenerga mkacri disciplina da fizikurad moemzadebina mZime<br />
samuSaoTa amtanobisaTvis~. profesorebis ZiriTadi nawili <strong>samxedro</strong> pirebi<br />
iyvnen. maTgan bevrs rusul <strong>samxedro</strong> akademiaSi hqonda miRebuli ganaTleba,<br />
Tumca mcire nawilma icoda qarTuli, rac qmnida enis bariers. g. kvinitaZem<br />
es problema Semdegnairad gadaWra: erTi jgufi profesorebisa (2-3kaci),<br />
romelTac srulebiT ar icodnen qarTuli ena, TavianT sagans kiTxulobdnen<br />
rusul enaze da amave enaze iRebdnen pasuxs <strong>iunkrebi</strong>sagan; meore jgufi<br />
kiTxulobda rusul enaze, mxolod pasuxs iRebda qarTul enaze, mesame<br />
jgufi ki leqciebs, mxolod qarTul enaze kiTxulobda.<br />
1919 wlis 5 seqtembers, <strong>samxedro</strong> saswavlebelSi, imave Senobis<br />
kedlebSi, sadac 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi izrdebodnen rusi <strong>samxedro</strong>ebi,<br />
miRebul iqna 90 qarTveli iunkeri. <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>Si moxvedra arc ise<br />
advili iyo, radgan <strong>skola</strong>Si moxvedris msurvelTa ricxvi bevrad aRemateboda<br />
skolis SesaZleblobebs. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis kursanti nikoloz maTikaSvili,<br />
romelic 1920 wels Cairicxa <strong>samxedro</strong> saswavlebelSi, igonebs: `...mTavari<br />
siZnele gamoixateboda skolis ufrosis, aleqsandre CxeiZis ganaCenSi:<br />
ivargebs Tu ara qarTvel aficradao amaTvalier-CamaTvaliera, ojaxuri<br />
vinaoba gamomkiTxa, ganaTlebiT dainteresda da didi dafiqrebis Semdeg<br />
<strong>skola</strong>Si miRebis Rirsad CamTvala~.<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s <strong>samxedro</strong> forma Semdegnairi iyo: Ria molurjo feris faraja,<br />
sayelosa da qudze erovnul ferebiani morTulobiT, wiTeli, kiduriani<br />
samxreulebi inicialebiT `sk~ (<strong>skola</strong>), TuSuri qudi erovnuli ferebiT<br />
morTuli da zamTarSi boxoxi. oficrebs ecvaT inglisuri stilis frenCi da<br />
franguli faraja.<br />
<strong>skola</strong>Si imTaviTve damyarda mkacri, amave dros Segnebuli disciplina.<br />
imavdroulad mimdinareobda qarTuli jarebis reorganizacia. jari Cacmuli<br />
iyo imaSi, rac darCa ruseTis armias. mxedruli qceva da mxedruli<br />
gamometyveleba jer kidev ar iyo Camoyalibebuli. yovelive es saWiroebda<br />
specialur momzadebas, rac <strong>samxedro</strong> skolidan unda mieRoT. amasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT al. CxeiZe igonebs: `qalaqis mcxovrebni, marTalia daSorebulni<br />
arian <strong>samxedro</strong> saqmes, jariskacis garCevis unari imaTac SeswevT; 1914 wlis<br />
Semdeg aRar enaxaT namdvili sanimuSo jariskaci da rodesac erT mSvenier<br />
RvinobisTvis dRes Cveni xelidan qalaqSi 90 iunkeri gamovida, STabeWdileba<br />
8
iyo sruli... qalaqSi yvelam SeamCnia raRac <strong>samxedro</strong> nawili, romelic metad<br />
irCeva sxva <strong>samxedro</strong> nawilebisagan. oficrebma SeamCnies viRac mxedrebi,<br />
romlebic salams ase bejiTad, swrafad da sanimuSod iZlevian. yoveli<br />
maTgani, am movleniT gakvirvebuli, iZulebuli iyo SeCerebuliyo, Tvali<br />
gaedevnebinda da gulSi gaefiqra ki magram, vin arian eseni... Cven iunkrebs<br />
miaqcies yuradReba, agreTve safrangeTisa da inglisis <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
warmomadgenlebma. yvela dainteresebuli iyo, yvela kiTxulobda: vin arian,<br />
vin arian da iRebdnen pasuxs: eseni qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong><br />
gaxlavan! qarTuli jaris silamaze da siamaye! laSqris momavali fuZe da<br />
qvakuTxedi. exla ki SeiZleba davumatoT: momavali tabaxmelelebi~.<br />
qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis momavali jariskacebi arc rusebs gamorCeniaT<br />
mxedvelobidan. al. CxeiZe igonebs: `erTma rusis polkovnikma gamaCera qalaqSi<br />
da pirdapir miTxra: me rusis oficeri var, magram ar SemiZlia ar gadmogceT<br />
is kmayofileba, romelsac ganvicdi Tqveni <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s Sexvedris dros; didi<br />
xania Cems gamocdil Tvalebs ar unaxavs aseTi yoCaRebi~.<br />
imave periodSi Camoyalibda <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis orkestri, romelsac<br />
xelmZRvanelobda, imdroisaTvis TbilisSi kargad cnobili lotbari, ernesto<br />
gijini.<br />
1919 wlis dekembrisaTvis Sedga aTaseulis 4 gundi, erTi batarea, erTi<br />
metyviamfrqvevelTa gundiT; male cxenosanTa polkidan Seiqmna cxenosani<br />
mwyobric. aTaseulSi sul rvaasi kaci iyo. <strong>skola</strong> amzadebda, rogorc momaval<br />
oficrebs, aseve jaris nacvlebs. yvela iwvrTneboda erTi suliskveTebiT _<br />
samSoblos siyvaruliT.<br />
im droisaTvis cxadi gaxda, rom bolSevikebi gazafxulze apirebdnen<br />
amierkavkasiaze Setevas. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba<br />
molaparakebas awarmoebda Aazerbaijanis mTavrobasTan, raTa erToblivad<br />
emoqmedaT bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg. 1920 wlis gazafxulze TbilisSi<br />
Camovida Aazerbaijanis ministris TanaSemwe generali Sixlinski. igi ewvia<br />
qarTul <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>s, daeswro mecadineobebs da gulisyuriT<br />
daaTvaliera iq mimdinare saswavlo procesi. 1920 wlis aprilSi<br />
azerbaijanSi gaigzavna qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> komisia general giorgi kvinitaZis,<br />
momavali mTavarsardlis, meTaurobiT. aRmoCnda, rom azerbaijanis mTavrobis<br />
wreebSi yvelaferi ar iyo rigze, radgan mTavrobis zogierTma wevrma<br />
bolSevikebis Semosvlas xeli Seuwyo.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiT, ruseTma scno<br />
saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, cxadi gaxda rom ruseTis wiTeli armia,<br />
imavdroulad saqarTvelos aneqsias amzadebda. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos<br />
sazRvrebSi SeiaraRebuli SemoWris safrTxe, sul ufro realuri xdeboda.<br />
1920 wlis 26 aprils, bolSevikebma moulodnelad gadmolaxes<br />
azerbaijanis sazRvari zRvis napiriT, daRestnidan. Aazerbaijanis jarebma<br />
winaaRmdegoba ar gauwies maT da bolSevikebi baqoSi Tavisuflad, matarebliT<br />
Sevidnen. rac Seexeba somxeTs, rusebma maT Turqebi Semousies, romlebmac<br />
9
somxeTis mTavrobas winadadebiT mimarTes, rom im SemTxvevaSi daexmarebodnen,<br />
Tu isini xelisuflebas gadascemdnen komunistebs. somxeTis mTavroba<br />
iZulebuli gaxda es winadadeba mieRo, ris Semdegac ganxorcielda kidec<br />
somxeTis gasabWoeba. rac Seexeba somex xalxs isini ajanydnen, ramdenime Tvis<br />
manZilze ewinaaRmdegebodnen bolSevikebs, Tumca mainc damarcxdnen. rom ara<br />
somexi xalxis es winaaRmdegoba, ruseTis wiTel armias, SesaZloa,<br />
dekemberSive Semoetia saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikisaTvis.<br />
bolSevikebis agresiuli politika SeumCneveli ar darCenila dasavleT<br />
evropis qveynebisaTvis. jer kidev 1920 wlis dekemberSi inglisis mTavrobam,<br />
lord kerzonis meSveobiT specialuri SekiTxva gaugzavna moskovs, xom ar<br />
apirebda ruseTi saqarTvelos dapyrobas! ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa komisris<br />
CiCerinis pasuxis gamo, 1920 wlis 3 dekembers inglisuri gazeTi `deili<br />
heraldi~ werda: `CiCerinis mier lord kerzonisadmi gagzavnili iyo nota<br />
baTumis sakiTxis Sesaxeb. nota protests acxadebs winaaRmdeg imis<br />
mtkicebisa, TiTqos baTumi da saqarTvelo imyofeba ruseTis safrTxis qveS.<br />
es ar aris marTali. erTad erTi safrTxe, romelic (saqarTvelos l. s.)<br />
emuqreba, es aris safrTxe antantisa. ∗ ruseTma icno saqarTvelos<br />
damoukidebloba, antantam ki ara (dasavleT evropis qveynebma 1921 wlis 27<br />
ianvars icnes saqarTvelos damoukidebloba `de iure~-d ∗ ). ruseTis mTeli<br />
politika mimarTulia patara erebis TviTgamorkvevis sasargeblod, araviTar<br />
moTxovnas saqarTvelos mimarT adgili ar hqonia, garda imisa, rom baTumi ar<br />
iyos dakavebuli mtris Zalebis mier. sabWoTa ruseTs ar miuRia da arc<br />
miiRebs samtro moqmedebas saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg...~<br />
sinamdvileSi, mdgomareoba sul sxvagvarad iyo. ruseTi kvlav agrZelebda<br />
ormagi standartebis politikas; rodesac inglisSi CiCerinis nota<br />
gamoqveynda, imave dRes, 3 dekembers (1920 w.) iwereboda saqarTvelos<br />
dapyrobis pirveli gegma ruseTis me-11 armiis ufrosis, nekkeris mier.<br />
qarTvel politikosebs xelSi CauvardaT nekkeris moxseneba saqarTvelos<br />
demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis Sesaxeb, romelic dawerili iyo 1920<br />
wlis 18 dekembers da wardgenili iqna, ruseTis <strong>samxedro</strong> sabWoSi.<br />
moxsenebaSi nekkeris mier aRniSnulia: `rogorc me ukve vauwye, mimdinare 3<br />
dekembers, meTerTmete armiis <strong>samxedro</strong> revoluciur sabWos, saqarTvelos<br />
winaaRmdeg operaciebi SesaZlebelia mxolod im aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu<br />
megobrul neitralobas daicaven kiazim kara beqiris ∗ jarebi, radgan Tu am<br />
operaciebisTvis daniSnuli iqneba meTerTmete armiis garda, mTeli mecxre<br />
armia da kavaleriis ori armia, mainc Cven sardlobas ar eyoleba sakmarisi<br />
Zalebi rom Turqebs win gadaeRobon imedianad~. moxsenebidan Cans, rom<br />
nekkeri aanalizebs qarTvelebisa da Turqebis Zalebs da daaskvnis, rom<br />
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg galaSqreba SeiZleboda mxolod iseT pirobebSi, Tu<br />
osmaleTi neitraluri darCeboda. nekkeri werda: `aseT pirobebSi, Cemi Rrma<br />
rwmena, romelic movaleobad mimaCnia werilobiT gadmogceT, is aris, rom<br />
10
sanam TurqebTan Cveni urTierTdamokidebuleba ar iqneba mogvarebuli,<br />
saxifaTo iqneboda saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg <strong>samxedro</strong> operaciebis dawyeba~.<br />
1920 wlis aprilSi, mas Semdeg, rac bolSevikebma moulodnelad daikaves<br />
baqo, safrTxe Seeqmna saqarTvelos demokratiul respulikasac. qveynis<br />
mTavrobam miiRo saWiro zomebi. swored am dros, <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis ufrosi<br />
generali g. kvinitaZe dainiSna mTavarsardlad, xolo misi adgili al. CxeiZem<br />
daikava da swored mas daevala skolis xelmZRvaneloba.<br />
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba yvela zomas<br />
mimarTavda bolSevikebis Tavdasxmis Tavidan asacileblad; generali g.<br />
kvinitaZe igonebs: `ukve 1-2 maiss (1920), bolSevikebma moaxdines cda<br />
TbilisSi gadatrialebisa. 2 maiss gadmovidnen Cvens sazRvarze wiTel<br />
xididan xramze~. sazRvris garRvevis gasaadvileblad isini iyenebdnen qarTvel<br />
bolSevikebs, romlebic cdilobdnen uwesrigoba SeeqmnaT saqarTvelos<br />
dedaqalaqSi da xelSi CaegdoT qveynis mmarTveloba. swored, am mizniT, jer<br />
kidev 1920 wlis 2 maiss, isini Tavs daesxnen qarTul <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>s. am<br />
Setakebis drosac iunkrebma pirveli sabrZolo naTloba miiRes. Ramis 12<br />
saaTze, bolSevikebis 20-25 kaciani jgufi, a. maxaraZis xelmZRvanelobiT,<br />
SeiWra skolis SenobaSi. bolSevikebs, maTi azriT, gadawyvetili hqondaT<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s xelSi Cagdeba, xolo Semdeg aTaseulis jariskacebs Tavis mxareze<br />
gadaiyvandnen. iunkrebs ukve eZinaT, rogorc Cans bolSevikebi informirebulni<br />
iyvnen skolis grafikTan dakavSirebiTac. maTi 8-10 kaciani jgufi derefanSi<br />
SeiWra, revolveriT daemuqra moriges, amis Semdeg, Secvivda <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s<br />
oTaxebSi, aayenes isini sawolebidan bolSevikebma da pirvel da meore<br />
oTaxebSi gamoiyvanes. amave dros, maT iaraRTan mcvelebi dayenes. meore<br />
oTaxSi, iunkrebTan bolSevikebma datoves oTxi mauzeriani jariskaci, xolo<br />
danarCenebi a. maxaraZis meTaurobiT klasebis derefnisaken gaemarTnen. maT<br />
ganzraxuli hqondaT gaevloT skolis moedani da misuliyvnen nacvalTa<br />
aTaseulis gundSi, romlebic moSorebulni iyvnen quCas da oficerTa<br />
adgilsamyofels. bolSevikebs kibeze SeeCexa morige oficeri, kapitani<br />
qarumiZe, romelic skolis Semovlas awarmoebda da araviTar safrTxes ar<br />
moeloda. igi daiWires, ganaiaraRes, Semdeg aiyvanes da datoves iunkrebTan<br />
erTad, maTi meTvalyuris zedamxedvelobis qveS. rodesac morige iunkers<br />
iskandaraSvils kapitani qarumiZe samorigeo oTaxSi ar daxvda, ukan<br />
gamobrunda derefnis kuTxidan, man dainaxa rogor daiWires da ganaiaraRes<br />
morige oficeri. iunkeri ar daibna da skolis moedniT oficrebis oTaxisaken<br />
gaeSura. kapitan qarumiZis dapatimrebis Semdeg, bolSevikebi samorigeo<br />
oTaxSi SeiWrnen, sadac SemTxveviT imyofeboda kapitani jafariZe. igi<br />
daapatimres, gauTiSes telefoni da iunkrebTan waiyvanes. swored am dros<br />
qalaqidan brundeboda skolis ufrosi _ generali g. kvinitaZe. samorigeo<br />
oTaxidan, mas moesma xmauri. generalma faraja gaiZro da samorigeo oTaxSi<br />
gavida, sadac mas uwesrigoba daxvda. rodesac generali klasebis derefnisaken<br />
gaemarTa, man SeniSna sazafxulo paltoSi gamowyobili ucxo pirovneba,<br />
11
omelmac misi mimarTulebiT gaisrola. generalma kvinitaZem sroliTve<br />
upasuxa, magram samwuxarod, meore gasrolisas tyvia avtomatis lulaSi<br />
gaiCxira. generali Senobisaken Setrialda meore revolveris asaRebad;<br />
bolSevikebma is tyviebiT miaciles da saswaulebrivad gadaurCa sikvdils. am<br />
faqtTan dakavSirebiT generali kvinitaZe Tavis wignSi `Cemi mogonebebi~ wers:<br />
`es iyo <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>ze bolSevikebis Ramis Seteva, pirvel maiss<br />
TbilisSi, rogorc yovelTvis isini zeimobdnen pirveli maisis dResaswauls.<br />
rogorc me gadmomces, demonstraciis dros brbom gadaqela bolSevikebi,<br />
romlebic calke organizaciad gamodiodnen. mgoni, pirveli maisis Tu ara<br />
ori maisis saRamosve (ori maisis Ramis 1-li saaTi) saxalxo darbazSi<br />
daniSnul iqna mSromelTa deputatebis sxdoma. me veswrebodi am sxdomas,<br />
sadac mTavrobis wevrebma warmosTqves sityva Seqmnil situaciasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. sxdoma gagrZelda TiTqmis Tormet saaTamde. rodesac saxlSi<br />
wavedi, me maSin <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis SenobaSi vcxovrobdi, Tan maxlda generali<br />
zaqariaZe. rogorc ki avtomanqana skolis sadarbazos miuaxlovda, sadRac<br />
Soriaxlos gaisma gasrolis xma. generalma zaqariaZem SeniSna: `isvrian~; me<br />
vupasuxe, rom es pirvelad araa da ar mivaqcie yuradReba. zaqariaZe wavida,<br />
me ki avedi CemTan da vaxSmoba daviwye, saxlSi yvelas eZina. 10-15 wuTis<br />
Semdeg gavige xmauri, nabijebis xma, yvirili; xmauri vestibiulis an<br />
samorigeo oTaxis mxridan ismoda. radgan xmauri xangrZlivi iyo, amitom<br />
aRelvebuli gavemarTe telefonisaken da viTxove morige oficerTan<br />
dakavSireba. miTxres, rom samorigeo oTaxi ar pasuxobda. me piradad<br />
gavemarTe samorigeo oTaxisaken. iq Sesulma davinaxe iatakze dagdebuli<br />
palto, irgvliv sruli siCume iyo. gamikvirda, rom samorigeo oTaxSi aravin<br />
iyo, radgan oficris aryofnisas iq iunkeri mainc unda yofiliyo. me kibis<br />
Tavze gamovedi, zemoT, samorigeo punqtTan sami kacisagan Semdgari darajTa<br />
jgufi idga. darajTa jgufis xelmZRvanelad yovelTvis iunkeri iniSneboda,<br />
amjerad darajTa jgufis xelmZRvaneli iyo iunkeri gegeWkori ...~<br />
es iyo qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis pirveli gamocda, romelic iunkrebma<br />
warmatebiT Caabares. bolSevikebma ganizraxes Tavdapirvelad ieriSi swored<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>ze mietanaT da amiT gaetexaT demokratiuli respublikis<br />
mTavrobis winaaRmdegoba. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis iunkrebma moaxerxes maTi Setevis<br />
mogerieba. bolSevikebma ver SeZles <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis xelSi Cagdeba da<br />
Semdgomi Setevis gagrZeleba. 2 maiss, sam saaTze, <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>Si mivida<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania, romelmac madloba gamoucxada<br />
skolis xelmZRvanelobas da iunkrebs. ufro adre <strong>skola</strong>Si <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
ministri, grigol lorTqifaniZe gamocxadda. bolSevikebis Setevas<br />
umsxverplod ar Cauvlia, daiWrnen <strong>iunkrebi</strong> grigol kikiani da mixeil<br />
mayaSvili, es ukanaskneli mZimed iyo daWrili da gardaicvala. mixeil<br />
mayaSvili gaxda pirveli msxverpli <strong>iunkrebi</strong>dan, romelic bolSevikebTan<br />
brZolas Seewira. miuxedavad msxverplisa, <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>m, saqarTvelos<br />
demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba ixsna gadatrialebisagan da qveyanas im<br />
12
etapze Tavidan aacila Semdgomi sisxlisRvra, rac udavod skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s<br />
damsaxureba iyo. aqedan moyolebuli, <strong>iunkrebi</strong> aqtiurad Cadgnen qveynis<br />
Tavdacvis samsaxurSi da SeiZleba iTqvas, yvelgan gmirulad asrulebdnen<br />
TavianT mxedrul vals.<br />
1920 wlis 3 maiss Setakebebi daiwyo saqarTvelos sazRvarze. wiTel<br />
xidTan _ xramze, bolSevikebis jarebma gadmolaxes qveynis sazRvrebi.<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobam, jaris sardloba general giorgi kvinitaZes Caabara.<br />
bolSevikebi aqtiurad miiwevdnen win, saWiro iyo saTanado zomebis miReba<br />
mTavrobis mxridan. g. kvinitaZis gadmocemiT, gvardiis Stabi <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
frontze gagzavnas moiTxovda. <strong>skola</strong>s ukve Zlieri, mxedruli suliT<br />
ganmtkicebuli erTeulis saxeli hqonda moxveWili. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong> frontis dasayrden Zalad iqcnen.<br />
16 maiss, aleqsandre CxeiZem, miiRo brZaneba, rom <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong><br />
datvirTuliyo matarebelze da sadgur sadaxlosaken daZruliyo. skolis<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong> brZanebas sixaruliT Sexvdnen. brZaneba miiRes 5 saaTze, magram kvira<br />
dRe iyo da skolis Sekreba mxolod 10 saaTisTvis moxerxda. am droisaTvis<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong> patara, magram saimedo sabrZolo erTeuls warmoadgenda; mis<br />
gankargulebaSi iyo 4 gundisagan Semdgari aTaseuli, 8 metyviamfrqvevelTa<br />
gundiT, 2 samTo da 2 savele zarbazniani batareiT, aseve, 25 kaciani<br />
cxenosanTa mwyobriT. aleqsandre CxeiZem aTaseulSi nacvlebis adgilze<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong> daniSna, vinaidan maT jer kidev ar hyavdaT kadris nacvlebi, garda<br />
zemdegebisa; isini CxeiZem TavianT adgilebze datova da <strong>iunkrebi</strong> daumorCila.<br />
am faqtma demokratiuli respublikis <strong>samxedro</strong> ministris lorTqifaniZis<br />
gakvirveba gamoiwvia. amasTan dakavSirebiT, al CxeiZe wers: `rodesac<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> ministri lorTqifaniZe sadaxloSi <strong>skola</strong>s aTvalierebda miTxra:<br />
general kvinitaZem gadmomca, rom Tqven <strong>iunkrebi</strong> daginiSnavT jariskacebis<br />
ufrosebad gundebSi: mere rogor ar geSiniaT, rom moxdes maT Soris<br />
gaugebroba me vupasuxe sruliad darwmunebiT: _ kargad vicnob amaTac da<br />
imaTac; araviTari gaugebroba ar moxdeba da amas Cems Tavze viReb SemiZlia<br />
davadasturo: am Tveebis ganmavlobaSi arc erT gaugebrobas adgili ar hqonia.<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong> Zalian moxerxebulad dauaxlovdnen jariskacebs da moipoves maTi<br />
ndoba~. igi daaskvnis: `Cans Cveni saministro fiqrobda, rom Cven vzrdidiT<br />
ara namdvil qarTvel oficrebs, aramed raRac safrTxobelas~.<br />
aleqsandre CxeiZe sadaxloSi dainiSna saarmio jgufis ufrosad.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis garda mis gankargulebaSi gadavida: 1-li qveiTi polki, me-7<br />
polki, me-5 polkis ori gundi da Semdeg mTeli polki, aseve, maior maxaraZis<br />
batarea, maior ioselianis batarea da cxenosanTa polkis ori eskadroni<br />
maior doliZis meTaurobiT. 17 maiss, sadaxloSi aleqsandre CxeiZem miiRo<br />
sabrZolo operaciuli brZaneba, raTa 18 maiss, diliT, gadasuliyo Setevaze,<br />
bolSevikebis marcxena frTis SemovliT. 3 saaTze isini gamovidnen<br />
sadaxlodan, qarTul armias win miuZRodnen <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>,<br />
romlebic frontis wina xazze iyvnen gagzavnilni. isini srul sabrZolo<br />
13
mzadyofnaSi iyvnen, rodesac polkovnikma nikoloz gedevaniSvilma aleqsandre<br />
CxeiZes gadasca mTavarsardlis brZaneba: dalodebodnen mis saboloo<br />
sabrZolo gankargulebas da ar gadasuliyvnen Setevaze. SemdegSi, brZolis<br />
gagrZeleba ar gaxda saWiro, vinaidan saqarTvelos demokratiuli<br />
respublikis mTavrobam miiRo gadawyvetileba, sisxlisRvris Tavidan acilebis<br />
mizniT, dasTanxmeboda bolSevikebis winadadebas da daewyoT molaparakeba<br />
maTTan. am faqtma, qarTuli jarebis mTavarsardlis guliswyroma gamoiwvia,<br />
radgan qarTuli samTavrobo jarebis upiratesoba aSkara iyo. polkovnik<br />
aleqsandre CxeiZis gegmis mixedviT, <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong> cxenosani divizioniT,<br />
19 maiss, alyaSi moaqcevda bolSevikebis jars. garda amisa, rogorc SemdegSi<br />
gaxda cnobili, bolSevikebi sacodav mdgomareobaSi imyofebodnen. maT sul<br />
hqondaT 8 zarbazani qarTuli samTavrobo jarebis 28 zarbaznis winaaRmdeg.<br />
amas emateboda isic, rom azerbaijanelebi elizavetpolSi amzadebdnen<br />
ajanyebas bolSevikebis winaaRmdeg. general kvinitaZes ganzraxuli hqonda<br />
daemarcxebina bolSevikebi yazaxis raionSi, daZruliyo elizavetpolze da<br />
fexze daeyenebina Sixlinskis divizia, Semdeg wasuliyo baqoze da gaereka<br />
bolSevikebi azerbaijanidan. amas emateboda isic, rom im droisaTvis rusebs<br />
omi hqondaT polonelebTan. aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba, mTavrobis jars<br />
general kvinitaZis meTaurobiT, saSualebas miscemda SeeCerebina bolSevikebis<br />
Semdegi <strong>samxedro</strong> moqmedebebi. bolSevikebi didi manZiliT dacildebodnen<br />
saqarTvelos sazRvrebs da SemdegSi qveyana, SesaZloa, saerTod aicilebda<br />
Tavidan 1921 wlis brZolebs. Tumca, rogorc ukve zemoT aRvniSneT,<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobam bolSevikebTan molaparakeba arCia. bolSevikebma amiT<br />
Zala moikribes da sastikad CaaxSes azerbaijanelebis ajanyeba. aRniSnuli<br />
faqtis gamo, <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>m dakarga saswavlo dro, magram amave dros igi<br />
namdvil sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi gaatara, praqtikulad Seiswavla savelesayaraulo<br />
samsaxuri. ivlisis pirvel ricxvebSi <strong>iunkrebi</strong> TbilisSi<br />
dabrundnen.<br />
aqve unda aRvniSnoT is faqtic, rom saqarTvelos demokratiuli<br />
respublikis mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania moskovTan molaparakebas<br />
awarmoebda erTi piris, _ grigol urataZis meSveobiT. amis Sesaxeb, is<br />
TviTonve wers: `raki pirdapiri midgomiT, evropis winaSe SuamdgomlobiT da<br />
iq propagandaT ara gamodioda ra, cxadi gaxda, saqmis isev rusebTan dawyebis<br />
aucilebloba... am misiis erTi mTavari piroba iyo misi saidumloeba. mTeli es<br />
ambavi, griSas (igulisxmeba grigol urataZe) gamgzavreba da iq muSaoba,<br />
saqarTveloSi aravis gaugia, vifiqre, Tu moskovma gvicno, Cveni<br />
damoukidebloba daadastura, am TamasuqiT warvdgebiT evropis areopagis ∗<br />
winaSe da es ueWvelad gasWris~. ase fiqrobda maSin, saqarTvelos pirveli<br />
piri. sxvaTaSoris, es is grigol ilarionis Ze urataZe gaxldaT, romelmac<br />
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis damfuZnebeli krebis wevris<br />
statusiT, ruseTis socialisturi federaciuli sabWoTa mTvrobis sagareo<br />
saqmeTa saxalxo komisris moadgile _ lev mixeilis Ze karaxanTan erTad,<br />
14
moawera xeli 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebas, romlis ZaliTac ruseTma<br />
icno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT, Cven cota<br />
qvemoT gveqneba saubari.<br />
1920 wlis agvistos pirvel naxevarSi moxerxda <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
kursdamTavrebuli nacvlebis gamoSveba. sazafxulo mecadineobebi, umTavresad<br />
savele samsaxuris programa, sami Tvis manZilze sabrZolo operaciebis gamo,<br />
marTalia, maT SemoklebiT gaiares, magram miuxedavad amisa, nacvlebi sakmaod<br />
momzadebulni iyvnen. skolis xelmZRvanelobis mxridan, dawvrilebiTi rCevadarigebis<br />
miRebis Semdeg, nacvlebma <strong>skola</strong> datoves. rac SeexebaT iunkrebs,<br />
isini gadayvanilni iqnen ufros kursze da gauSves zafxulis SvebulebaSi.<br />
sazafxulo mecadineobis gacdenis gamo, iunkrebma ver moaswres<br />
topografiuli mecadineobis sruli kursis gavla; aseve momzadebis<br />
praqtikuli mxare. miuxedavad amisa, nacvalTa mwyobrSi yofnis dros,<br />
iunkrebma sakmao gamocdileba SeiZines.<br />
SemdegSi <strong>iunkrebi</strong> gawveulni iqnen lagodexSi, sadac ajanyda me-6 polki<br />
da saWiro gaxda iq wesrigis aRdgena. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT al. CxeiZe<br />
gadmogvcems: `saCqarod gamovbrundi <strong>skola</strong>Si da davgzavne <strong>iunkrebi</strong> da<br />
jariskacebi skolis Sesakrebad. isev RamiT mogvixda datvirTva, magram<br />
gamocdileba ukve gvqonda da saqme daCqarebiT wavida. RamiT ukve mivqrodiT<br />
kaxeTSi. gzaSi dagvewia mTavarsardali. saRamos, mivaRwieT ganapira sadgurs<br />
_ wnoris wyals. aq Cems gankargulebaSi gadmovida gvardielebis aTaseuli.<br />
sadguridan telefoniT davelaparake gen. sumbaTaSvils, romelic lagodexSi<br />
imyofeboda. rogorc Canda misi mdgomareoba beCavi iyo... vacnobe, rom<br />
batareis gadmotvirTvisTanave, <strong>skola</strong> myisve lagodexze wamova-Tqo. patara<br />
sadgurze gadmotvirTva gaZnelebuli iyo; amis gamo mxolod dilis 6 saaTze<br />
moxerxda gamgzavreba. zafxulis sicxe idga; dasalevi wyali arsad iyo;<br />
dawyebuli alaznis xididan, koRoebi mosvenebas ar gvaZlevdnen da mwared<br />
ikbinebodnen. saRamos mivediT ilarionovkaSi. aq movida brZaneba _<br />
ganiaraRebul iqnas me-6 polkis modaraje gundi da Sepyrobili polkis<br />
mTavari agitatorebi, romlebic gundSi imyofebian...~ operaciam warmatebiT<br />
Caiara. al. CxeiZis xelmZRvanelobiT, moxerxda amboxebuli jariskacebis<br />
alyaSi moqceva, ris Semdegac maT iaraRi dayares. agitatorebma gaqceva<br />
moindomes, magram yvelani Seipyres. mTavarsardlis mosvlamde davaleba ukve<br />
Sesrulebuli iyo. mTavarsardali TbilisSi dabrunda da brZana dasvenebis<br />
Semdeg, skolis aTaseulis ukan dabruneba. gen. sumbaTaSvilis TxovniT,<br />
romelic imediT Sehyurebda <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis Zalebs, savele ganaCenis<br />
aRsrulebamde, <strong>iunkrebi</strong> lagodexSi darCnen, sadac isini 4 agvistomde<br />
sayaraulo samsaxurs eweodnen. male mTavarsardlis brZanebiT, <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
<strong>skola</strong> gamowveul iqna TbilisSi, sadac aSkarad moqmedebdnen bolSevikebi.<br />
lagodexSi yofnis periodSi jariskacebi daavaddnen muclis tifiT. epidemiam<br />
12 jariskacisa da 1 iunkeris sicocxle Seiwira.<br />
15
skolis xelmZRvaneloba Seudga pirvel kursze iunkerTa axali nakadis<br />
miRebis samzadiss. 1920 wlis 1 seqtembers <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>Si miRebul iqna<br />
90 iunkeri. ufrosi kursis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>, romlebmac garkveuli kursi gaiares,<br />
gadanawildnen iaraRis specialur dargebze: 60 iunkeri qveiT ganyofilebaSi,<br />
15 saartilerioSi, 10 sainJinroSi da 5 cxenosanTa ganyofilebaze.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis xelmZRvaneloba yvelanairad cdilobda jariskacebi<br />
aRezarda sabrZolo suliskveTebiT da erTmaneTis mimarT megobruli<br />
damokidebulebiT, amasTanave isini unda gaTavisuflebuliyvnen rusuli jaris<br />
wesebisgan. qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis daTvalierebisas, azerbaijanis jaris<br />
generalma Sixlinskim, romelic Zveli artileristi iyo, moiwona <strong>skola</strong>Si<br />
arsebuli swavlebis meTodika, kerZod is, rom <strong>skola</strong>Si erTad iyvnen<br />
Tavmoyrilni yvela dargis specialistebi. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis artileristebi<br />
iyvnen gamoCenili oficrebi: _ batareiis ufrosi baxutaSvili, kap. qarumiZe,<br />
kap. yaralaSvili. isini iyvnen brwyinvale oficrebi, rac SemdegSi praqtikaSi<br />
daamtkices kidec.<br />
1920 wlis 1 oqtombers generalma kvinitaZem, mTavarsardlis uflebis<br />
datovebis Semdeg, jaric datova da <strong>skola</strong>Si dabruneba ar isurva. am faqtTan<br />
dakavSirebiT g. kvinitaZe, jer kidev SeiaraRebul ZalTa mTavarsardlis<br />
rangSi, specialuri brZanebiT mimarTavs jariskacebs: `...ufrosoba da<br />
xelmZRvaneloba aseTi mxedrobisa, romelsac usazRvrod uyvars Tavisi<br />
samSoblo da mtkiced esmis Tavisi movaleoba mis winaSe, yoveli <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
pirisaTvis aris uaRresi bedniereba. vtoveb ra mTavarsardlis movaleobas, me<br />
msurs sruli pativiscemiT da mxurvaled aRvniSno Tqveni gmiruli samsaxuri<br />
samSoblosadmi. Tqven daamtkiceT, rom Rirseuli Svilebi xarT Cveni<br />
Rirseuli winaprebisa. aRsdgnen saqarTvelos gmirebi! dideba samSoblos!<br />
dideba Tqven! gaumarjos saqarTvelos da mis saxelovan mxedrobas!~<br />
giorgi kvinitaZis wasvlis Semdeg, skolis ufrosad dainiSna generali<br />
andronikaSvili. igi iyo generaluri Stabis oficeri, <strong>samxedro</strong> saqmis kargi<br />
mcodne, amasTanave metad rbili da faqizi xasiaTis mqone adamiani, damTmobi,<br />
ris gamoc xandaxan ukanono Txovnasac ki asrulebda. aRniSnuli Tvisebebi,<br />
mas xels uSlida skolis marTvis saqmeSi.<br />
1921 wlis 15 Tebervlamde dainiSna axalgazrda jariskacebis gawveva.<br />
Semkreb punqtebze, <strong>samxedro</strong> skolidan specialurad gaigzavnen oficrebi,<br />
axalgazrda jariskacebis SesarCevad. <strong>skola</strong>s ufleba hqonda aerCia nacvalTa<br />
aTaseulisaTvis wera-kiTxvis mcodne da warmosadegi axalgazrdebi, romelTac<br />
monawileoba unda mieRoT samSoblos dasacavad mosalodnel brZolebSi. al.<br />
CxeiZe gadmogvcems: `jariskacebi erTi meoreze ukeTesebi iyvnen. gadavwyvite<br />
damenawilebina isini simaRlis mixedviT; yvela maRali dainiSna pirvel<br />
gundSi, movida oci moxeve; yvela lamazi, SoltiviT biWebi, moyvanili da<br />
vaJkacuri gamometyvelebis; yvela pirvel gundSi davniSne. am dros pirvel<br />
gunds ufrosobda kap. baluaSvili, romelic Tavisi simaRliT gunds ar<br />
Seefereboda da amitom Sevcvale igi; pirveli gundis ufrosad davniSne<br />
16
maiori gardafxaZe; nestori aRfrTovanebuli iyo Tavisi axalgazrdebiT.<br />
yvela amoZravda, yvela emzadeboda gaorkecebuli muSaobisaTvis~. maT win<br />
Tebervlis susxiani dReebi elodaT da qveynis sadarajoze unda<br />
damdgariyvnen.<br />
vinaidan <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong> eweodnen sapatio samsaxurs al.<br />
CxeiZem miiRo ufleba, Tbilisidan da quTaisidan Seekriba musikosebi, radgan<br />
oficialuri Sexvedrebisa da gacilebis dros saWiro iyo kargi orkestris<br />
yola. 14 Tebervlamde mogrovda 50 Zveli gamocdili musikosi, rac skolis<br />
orkestris lotbars,Eernesto gijins saSualebas aZlevda aRedgina Tavisi<br />
Zveli repertuari.<br />
amasobaSi ruseTi aqtiurad adevnebda Tvals amierkavkasiaSi mimdinare<br />
procesebs da xelsayrel moments elodeboda. bolSevikebi gamarjvebulni<br />
gamodian `TeTr~ generlebTan brZolaSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom general<br />
denikinis `TeTri jarebi~ ara naklebi mteri iyo saqarTvelos demokratiuli<br />
respublikis.<br />
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom erTaderTi, rac ruseTma saqarTvelos 1920<br />
wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiT uboZa, _ es iyo qveynis damoukideblobis<br />
cnoba, magram aRmoCnda, rom es iyo ruseTis morigi xriki. aRniSnuli<br />
xelSekrulebiT, arc saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba Canda<br />
kmayofili. mTavrobis meTauri noe Jordania amasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `gr.<br />
urataZem gvamcno molaparakebis Sinaarsi da agreTve proeqtis teqsti. Cveni<br />
mTavari moTxovnilebani gamoCnda miRebuli, sadao iyo wvrilmanebi,<br />
gansakuTrebiT erTi muxli- saqarTvelos teritoriaze ar idges samtro<br />
ucxo jario. Cven vacnobeT am muxlis sruli amogdeba, Cveni teritoriis<br />
suvereni Cven varT-Tqo. griSam gadmogvca pirdapiri mavTuliT, rom am muxls<br />
ar xsnian - Tqven egeb Tqveni qveyana gaxadoT bazad ucxo Semotevisa Cvens<br />
winaaRmdeg. me vifiqre, bolSevikebi marTali arian, Tuki aseTi eWvi aqvT,<br />
muxli misaRebia. evgeni (igulisxmeba sagareo saqmeTa ministri evgeni<br />
gegeWkori l. s.) iyo winaaRmdegi, ar gvinda maTi cnoba, Tu Cveni teritoriis<br />
moxmaraSi gverevian. CemTvis MmTavari iyo Cveni iuridiuli cnoba,<br />
ruseTisagan, rasac Semdeg sxva saxelmwifoebic mimarTavdnen~.<br />
ruseT-saqarTvelos xelSekrulebis me-10 muxli, aSkarad<br />
ewinaaRmdegeboda me-2 muxls, romlis ZaliTac ruseTi valdebulebas iRebda<br />
ar Careuliyo saqarTvelos Sinaur saqmeebSi. me-10 muxliT ki ruseTi<br />
moiTxovda cixeebSi myofi qarTveli komunistebis gaTavisuflebas, rac<br />
TavisTavad niSnavda qveynis Sinaur saqmeebSi Carevas. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT<br />
trocki ∗ erT-erT Tavis naSromSi aRniSnavs, rom xelSekrulebis<br />
dadebisTanave, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba aiZules,<br />
900 komunisti gaeTavisuflebina cixeebidan. garda amisa, xelSekrulebis me-<br />
5 muxlis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, unda momxdariyo <strong>samxedro</strong> da sazRvao<strong>samxedro</strong><br />
nawilebis dauyonebliv ganiaraReba, rac rasakvirvelia, metad<br />
saxifaTo iyo ruseTTan moaxloebuli omis pirobebSi. Sedegebis mixedviT Tu<br />
17
vimsjelebT, aRniSnuli xelSekruleba momakvdinebeli aRmoCnda saqarTvelos<br />
demokratiuli respublikisaTvis.<br />
ruseTma, marTalia cno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, Tumca imavdroulad<br />
emzadeboda saqarTveloze gasalaSqreblad. saqarTvelos demokratiuli<br />
respublikis mTavroba, grZnobda ra mosalodnel safrTxes, Seudga<br />
TavdacviTi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas. 1921 wlis 11 noembers, daarsda<br />
Tavdacvis sabWo, noe Jordanias xelmZRvanelobiT. mTavrobam miiRo zomebi<br />
qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobis asamaRleblad. am mizniT, damfuZnebel krebas<br />
gadaeca dekretis proeqti TavdacvisaTvis, damatebiT 300 mln. maneTis<br />
gamoyofasTan dakavSirebiT. qarTveli generlebis mtkicebiT, bolSevikebTan<br />
omis mogeba SeiZleboda 50-60 aTasi kaciT. 1921 wlis 3 ianvars, <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
ministris TanaSemwe gen. odiSeliZe Tavis moxsenebaSi mTavrobisadmi werda:<br />
`sabWoTa ruseTis Semosevisas aRmosavleTis sazRvarze unda davagrovoT<br />
35.000 kaci, samxreTiT _ 10.000 kaci. amave dros rezervSi unda davitovoT<br />
15. 000 kaci sxva mimarTulebisaTvis. amnairad, Cveni SeiaraRebuli Zalebis<br />
ricxvi unda aRwevdes 60.000 xiSts da xmals~. aRniSnul Zalebs, is<br />
varaudobda mtris 70.000 kacis winaaRmdeg. giorgi kvinitaZis gadmocemiT,<br />
1914 wels, pirveli msoflio omis dros, ruseTis mTavrobam gamoiyvana 155.<br />
000 qarTveli jariskaci. generali svams kiTxvas: sad iyo es 155. 000<br />
qarTveli 1921 wels bolSevikebTan Cveni omis dros rogorc ukve zemoT<br />
aRvniSneT, ruseT-saqarTvelos xelSekrulebis ZaliT, saqarTvelos<br />
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobam moaxdina <strong>samxedro</strong> Zalebis<br />
demobilizacia, ramac gamoiwvia SeiaraRebuli nawilebis mniSvnelovani<br />
Semcireba. daxmareba, verc dasavleTidan miiRes.<br />
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis okupaciis sakiTxi marTalia,<br />
ufro adre daigegma, Tumca oficialurad, 1921 wlis 26 ianvris rkp (b) ∗ ckis<br />
plenumze gadawyda, sadac mowonebuli iqna saqarTvelos saqmeebSi <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
Carevis gegmis proeqti, romlis avtoric v. i. lenini iyo.<br />
1921 wlis TebervalSi Sewyda <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis mSvidobiani cxovreba.<br />
skolis iunkrebma TavianTi TavganwirviT daamtkices, rom maT ZarRvebSi<br />
winaprebis gmiruli sisxli Cqefda.<br />
1921 wlis 11 Tebervals, RamiT, bolSevikebis jarebi qarTul da somxur<br />
nawilebTan erTad Tavs daesxnen saqarTvelos sanapiro sadarajoebs da<br />
regularul nawilebs, romlebic qveynis mTavarsardal general odiSeliZis<br />
mier iyvnen dawyobilni da dajgufebulni xeobebSi. dadga sabediswero dReebi<br />
mobilizaciis gamocxadebasTan erTad qveynis <strong>samxedro</strong> xelmZRvanelobam dasva<br />
sakiTxi ufrosi kursis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s oficrebad gamoSvebis Sesaxeb, magram<br />
movlenebis daCqarebis gamo, amis ganxorcieleba ver moeswro. 14 Tebervals,<br />
erovnul-demokratiuli partiis moTxovnis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mTavrobam<br />
gadaayena generali i. odiSeliZe da mTavarsardlad daniSna g. kvinitaZe. am<br />
faqtTan dakavSirebiT al. CxeiZe gadmogvcems: `saqarTvelos mier warmoebul<br />
yvela omSi gen. kvinitaZe iRebda sardlobas mxolod maSin, rodesac sxvebis<br />
18
mier yvelaferi gafuWebuli iyo; amis miuxedavad, man ar icoda, Tu ra aris<br />
damarcxeba (somxeTis omi, cxinvalis ajanyebis Caqroba da axalcixis<br />
operaciebi, 1920 wlis omi bolSevikebTan da bolos 1921 wlis omi). eWvs<br />
gareSea, momavali istorikosi general kvinitaZes daxatavs gamarjvebul<br />
sardlad~. imave azrs adasturebs generali Saqro baqraZe, romelic<br />
TviTmxilveli iyo <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis ufrosebisa da <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s sabrZolo<br />
xelovnebisa. igi wers: `eWvs gareSea, gamarjvebis azriT da erovnuli<br />
grZnobiT iyo aRfrTovanebuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis ufrosoba; da Tu amas<br />
mivumateT igive grZnobiT gamsWvaluli xelqveiTebis (igulisxmeba <strong>iunkrebi</strong>)<br />
guli, advili gasagebia- ra Zalas warmoadgenda <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>~.<br />
generali g. kvinitaZe sxvadasxva dros iyo saqarTvelos <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
ministris TanaSemwe da saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mTavarsardali.<br />
man didi dro da energia moaxmara Tbilisis erTaderT qarTul <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
<strong>skola</strong>s, rogorc misma ufrosma da damaarsebelma. igi TavgamodebiT zrunavda<br />
sanimuSo qarTveli <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s aRsazrdelad, mSobliur enaze maTTvis<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebis Sesaqmnelad, maTSi maRali zneobrivi da sulieri<br />
Tvisebebis Casanergad. miuxedavad amisa, g. kvinitaZes, saqarTvelos<br />
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobasTan da mmarTvel social-demokratiul<br />
partiasTan, bolomde seriozuli uTanxmoeba hqonda.<br />
rodesac ruseTis me-11 wiTeli armia Tbiliss mouaxlovda, frontis<br />
marjvena frTas kojris misadgomebTan gen. andronikaSvili icavda. mis<br />
gankargulebaSi iyo regularuli jaris 4 polki, gvardiis 4 aTaseuli,<br />
Sesabamisi raodenobis artileria da iunkerTa skolis kursantTagan<br />
saxeldaxelod Seqmnili razmi. centralur ubanze ganlagebul jarebs<br />
meTaurobda gen. g. mazniaSvili, romelsac soRanluRis da misi mimdebare<br />
poziciebis dasacavad gamouyves 3 polki, sasazRvro aTaseuli,<br />
tyviamfrqvevelTa aseuli da ori saartilerio divizioni. marcxena frTaze<br />
idga gen. jijixia qveiTi jaris sami aTaseuliTa da cxenosanTa eskadroniT.<br />
saqarTvelos generalur Stabs xelSi Cauvarda sabWoTa ruseTis XI<br />
armiis saqarTveloze Tavdasxmis gegma. am gegmis mixedviT, XI armiis nawilebi<br />
Tavs daesxmodnen saqarTvelos 6 mxridan: 1) Crdilo-dasavleTidan gagrasoxumis<br />
mimarTulebiT, 2) CrdiloeTidan mamisonis uReltexiliT, 3)<br />
vladikavkazidan darialis xeobiT, 4) aRmosavleTidan kaxeTis mimarTulebiT,<br />
5) samxreT-dasavleTidan borCalos mimarTulebiT, 6) samxreTidan axalcixeardaganis<br />
mimarTulebiT.<br />
unda iTqvas isic, Tu rogori iyo am dros ruseTis mdgomareoba. ruseTi<br />
sruli gamarjvebuli gamodis samoqalaqo omidan, amarcxebs TeTr generlebs<br />
da TandaTan Zalebs ikrebs ruseTis imperiaSi adre Semavali qveynebis<br />
dasabruneblad. rusi politikosebi aqtiurad adevnebdnen Tvals amierkavkasiis<br />
qveynebis saerTaSoriso mdgomareobas. 1920 wlis 28 aprils, ruseTi ikavebs<br />
azerbaijans. 1920 wlis 15 aprils, arzrumSi xeli moaweres SeTanxmebas<br />
osmaleTis me-15 armiis ufrosma kiazim kara beqir faSam daAazerbaijanis<br />
19
<strong>samxedro</strong> ministrma Sixlinskim. SeTanxmebis me-5 muxliT, azerbaijani<br />
valdebulebas iRebda daxmareboda osmalebs bolSevikebTan daaxloebaSi da<br />
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi azerbaijanic SeuerTdeboda aRniSnul kavSirs.<br />
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis meTauri, noe Jordania<br />
aRniSnavda, romAazerbaijani ucxo Zalas Sexvda ubrZolvelad; miuxedavad<br />
didi survilisa da am qveyanasTan dadebuli <strong>samxedro</strong> kavSiriT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebisa, saqarTvelos ufleba ar hqonda<br />
SebrZoleboda ruseTs, radganac TviT azerbaijani ar SewinaaRmdegebia am<br />
faqts.<br />
1921 wlis 16 Tebervlis dilas, damfrTxali samTavrobo gvardia ukan<br />
gamoiqca, jer sadgur sandarze da Semdeg TbilisSi. meore saarmio brigada<br />
ganadgurebuli iqna bolSevikebis mier xeobebSi da amgvarad fronti<br />
morRveuli da sruliad gawmendili iyo maT mier. mdgomareoba imdenad<br />
rTuli iyo, mtris erT cxenosan brigadas energiuli devna, rom<br />
ganexorcielebina, imave dResve SesZlebda TbilisSi Semosvlas. sabednierod,<br />
mterma arc ki icoda gvardiis gamoqcevis Sesaxeb da 2 dRe idga Tavis<br />
poziciebze.<br />
yvela gamocdili meomrisaTvis cxadi iyo, rom brZola ukve wagebuli<br />
iyo, Tumca general kvinitaZis mTavarsardlad daniSvnam, jariskacebs axali<br />
suli STabera. maT gansakuTrebuli rwmena hqondaT am adamianis mimarT, radgan<br />
mas yovelTvis Tan axlda gamarjeba, maT Sorris, rusul jarSic.<br />
Seqmnil situaciaSi, daisva Tbilisis mosaxleobis evakuaciis sakiTxic.<br />
swored, am mZime situaciaSi, 18 Tebervals, erovnuli gvardiis jarebma<br />
gaimarjves da maT qalaqSi Semoiyvanes 15 aTasi tyve-bolSeviki. aseT umZimes<br />
situaciaSi miRweuli gamarjveba udaod axali mTavarsardlis, general<br />
kvinitaZis damsaxureba iyo. swored, am adamianis unarisa da misdami ndobis<br />
Sedegi iyo is Zalisxmeva, romelic qarTvelma jariskacebma gamoiCines 1921<br />
wlis Tebervlis brZolebSi.<br />
1921 wlis 17 Tebervals, dilis 5 saaTze, <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
xelmZRvanelobam miiRo specialuri brZaneba: `<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong> saCqarod<br />
gamovides tabaxmelas poziciebze~. am droisaTvis <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
gankargulebaSi iyo: 1) 136 qveiTi iunkeri; 2) 10 sainJinro; 3) 5 cxenosanTa<br />
razmi. axladgawveuli jariskacebisagan, romelTac sasrol moedanze<br />
wamecadineba moaswres, Sedgenil iqna sami gundi, saerTo raodenobiT 350<br />
kaci. sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi iqna moyvanili 2 samTo da 2 savele zarbazniani<br />
batareia, sadac daniSnul iqnen <strong>iunkrebi</strong>. aseve 6 tyviamfrqvevelTa gundi,<br />
aseve, <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s monawileobiT. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis xelmZRvanelobam yovelive<br />
amis gakeTeba SeZlo brZanebis miRebidan 6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi (5 sT-dan 11<br />
sT-mde). <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis iunkerTa ganwyobileba sabrZolo da xalisiani iyo.<br />
11 saaTsa da 30 wuTze <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis razmi daewyo Semdegnairad:<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s razmi 115-120 kaci (10-12 tyviamfrqveviT), 3-axalgazrda<br />
jariskacebis razmi( 4 zarbazniT da 6 tyviamfrqveviT). <strong>iunkrebi</strong> ise<br />
20
moulodnelad wavidnen frontze, rom srulebiT ar hqondaT salaSqro<br />
nivTebi. miuxedavad civi zamTrisa, isini Txel farajaSi, xolo jariskacebi<br />
nabdis farajebSi iyvnen Cacmulebi. brZolis monawile iunkeri nikoloz<br />
maTikaSvili igonebs: `... es 20-23 wlis gamouSuSavi axalgazrdebi<br />
dakacebuli da omisaTvis momzadebulni ar iyvnen. arc tansacmeli gaaCndaT<br />
amindis Sesaferi. sazafxulo samoselze Txeli, wylis gaumtari, siTbos<br />
moklebuli xelovnuri italiuri qsovilisagan Sekerili paltoebi gvecva.<br />
Cven tansacmelSi (cxvriTa da matyliT mdidar qveyanaSi), erTi Reri matylic<br />
ar eria. dRisiT, sangrebSi yofnisas, tansacmeli wyliT iJRinTeboda, RamiT<br />
ficrebad iyineboda da iaraRis moxmarebasa da moZraobas gviZnelebda, oRond<br />
gulSi imdeni Zala Segvwevda, rom am siZneleebisaTvis angariSi ar gagviwevia<br />
da mtris yovel moZraobas droze da Sesaferad vxvdebodiT. Cven<br />
suliskveTebaze veraviTari siZnele ver moqmedebda da ver gvasustebda.<br />
sikvdilze arc aravis gvifiqria da arc SegvSinebia. zuzunebdnen tyviebi,<br />
wiodnen irgvliv xelyumbarebi da WurvTa namsxvrevebi, Cven ki sangrebSi<br />
Camalvas sangrebis piras fexze dgomas varCevdiT. Siga da Sig janRi rom<br />
Camowveboda, wre Segvikravs da simRera da cekva wamogviwyia~. 1921 wlis 17<br />
Tebervlis, dRis 12 saaTze, <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>, meTaurebTan erTad,<br />
gamovidnen skolis ezodan da rusTavelis gamzirisaken gaemarTnen.<br />
rusTavelis gamzirze Sekrebili sazogadoeba maT ovaciebiTa da vaSas<br />
SeZaxilebiT amxnevebda. aleqsandre CxeiZe igonebs: `me ramdenjerme Tvali<br />
gadavavle iunkrebs, mivacqerdi maT saxeebs: _ gamometyveleba hqondaT Rrma<br />
da dinji; maTi gulisyuri Seepyro erT sagans; yvela grZnobda, rom es ar<br />
iqneba mxolod Cveulebrivi brZola, aramed brZola samkvdro-sasicocxlo.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis ganwyobileba hgavda im kacis ganwyobilebas, romelmac<br />
gadawyvita iafad ar gayidos Tavisi sicocxle~. es sabrZolo ganwyobileba<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis iunkrebma bolomde SeinarCunes, zogierTi maTgani brZolis<br />
velze darCa, magram im mtkice imediT, rom saqarTvelo damoukidebeli<br />
iqneboda.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>s nabrZanebi hqonda, daekavebina Zveli dangreuli sangrebi,<br />
kojridan tabaxmelas gavliT, rac Seadgenda 8 versis siganis fronts.<br />
aRniSnuli teritoria iyo daRaruli da dawyvetili; savse auarebeli xevebiT<br />
da xramebiT, romelic dafaruli iyo tyiT da buCqnariT, yovelive es qmnida<br />
mZime pirobebs, magram aucilebeli iyo jariskacebs rogorme daefaraT<br />
gaSiSvlebuli Tbilisi da gaemagrebinaT frontis xazi. <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s pirvelma<br />
mwyobrma daiWira sangari #3; me-2 mwyobrma sangari #2; me-3 da me-4 mwyobri<br />
datovebuli iqna maSvelSi, botanikuri baRis teritoriaze. axalgazrda<br />
jariskacebis pirvelma gundma daikava sangari #4-5-6 (ixileT: ruka #1).<br />
sangrebisaTvis gamoyofili iqna TiTo-TiTo aTeuli. me-2 mwyobris ufrosma<br />
gamohyo 7 iunkeri da isini #1 sangarSi gagzavna. sangrebi #0 da #00<br />
daukavebeli darCa. 4 zarbazani dayenebuli iqna gorakis ferdobze, baRis win.<br />
danarCeni nawilebi sangrebSi ganTavsdnen. 18 Tebervals, dilis 3 saaTze,<br />
21
aleqsandre CxeiZem brZaneba gasca, gamoecvalaT nawilebi sangrebSi. kerZod,<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s me-3 mwyobrma Secvala pirveli mwyobri #3 sangarSi; me-4 mwyobrma<br />
Secvala me-2 mwyobri #3 sangarSi. axalgazrda jariskacebis pirveli gundi,<br />
Secvala me-2 gundma. moxda garkveuli gadaadgilebebi. Ramem mSvidad Caiara,<br />
miuxedavad sicivisa. yinva 8-9 graduss aRwevda. <strong>iunkrebi</strong> TavdadebiT<br />
ibrZodnen da ukan ar dauxeviaT. am ambebis TviTmxilveli al. CxeiZe<br />
gadmogvcems: `<strong>samxedro</strong> istoriaSi gaugonari ambavia! axalgazrda jarikacebi,<br />
romlebmac mxolod ori dRea, rac <strong>samxedro</strong> forma Caicves, brZolaSi iqnen<br />
gamoyvanilni; magram gamoaSkaravda, rom <strong>skola</strong>Si jansaRi suli trialebda;<br />
iunkerTa gundi iyo dasayrdnobi qvakuTxedi; oficrebma, kadris nacvlebma<br />
brwyinvaled SeZles axalgazrda jariskacebSi <strong>samxedro</strong> sulis ganmtkiceba~.<br />
ruseT-saqarTvelos omis dros <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong> frontze<br />
samSoblos siyvaruliT gulanTebulni miemarTebodnen. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
SenobaSi siCumem daisadgura, radgan skolis aRzrdili mowafeebi frontis<br />
xazze icavdnen qveynis Rirsebas. pirtitvela <strong>iunkrebi</strong> didebisaken simReriT<br />
miiswrafodnen. erT-erTi iunkeris gadmocemiT, isini xSirad mRerodnen am<br />
sabrZolo simReras:<br />
`visac mouklvs is mohklavs<br />
nadirsa, Savis tyisasa...~<br />
1921 wlis 18 Tebervals, <strong>samxedro</strong> Stabma cudi ambavi miiRo:<br />
bolSevikebma ieriSi miitanes soRanluRze; demokratiuli respublikis<br />
mTavrobis gvardiis erTi aTaseuli sangrebidan ise gaipara, rom Tofic ar<br />
gausvria. sabednierod, gvardiis mezoblad mdgomi sadarajo aTaseuli<br />
mtkiced ibrZoda, ris gamoc bolSevikebma ver SeZles esargeblaT frontis<br />
garRveviT da iZulebuli iyvnen Seteva SeeCerebin. gaTenebisas gamoCndnen<br />
xevebSi Casafrebuli bolSevikebi. jaris nawilebi, general kvinitaZis<br />
meTaurobiT, Setevaze gadavidnen da pirvel warmatebas miaRwies, javSnosani<br />
matareblis daxmarebiT tyved aiyvanes 1. 500 bolSeviki. Tbilisi zeimobda am<br />
gamarjvebas.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s marcxena frTasa da general mazniaSvilis<br />
razms Soris didi Sualedis gamo, 18 Tebervals, diliT generalma<br />
aleqsandre CxeiZem <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s pirveli da meore mwyobri ufro marcxniv<br />
gadaswia.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis organizaciis wesdebis Sesabamisad, 17 Tebervals<br />
mTavarsardlis brZanebiT, aleqsandre CxeiZe dainiSna skolis ufrosad,<br />
generali andronikaSvili ki dainiSna mTeli frontis ufrosad, romelic<br />
kojramde grZeldeboda. mZime klimaturi pirobebis gamo, sangrebSi mdgomi<br />
nawilebi dRe-RameSi orjer icvleboda. <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s ori mwyobri ki yovelTvis<br />
maSvelSi iyo, axalgazrda jariskacebis gasamagreblad. axalgazrda iunkerTa<br />
10 kacian inJinrebs daevalaT kavSiris mowyoba; cxenosnebi samsaxurs eweodnen<br />
general andronikaSvilis StabSi. samuSao maT bevri hqondaT, vinaidan fronti<br />
22
didi iyo da telefoniT kavSiri jer kidev ar iyo mowyobili. 18 Tebervals,<br />
saRamos, iunkerTa poziciebze gasamxneveblad avidnen saqarTvelos<br />
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomare noe Jordania, <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
ministri da mTavarsardali.<br />
19 Tebervals diliT, #2 da #3 sangrebSi imyofebodnen <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s me-3<br />
da me-4 mwyobri; #4-5-6 sangrebi ekava axalgazrda jariskacebis me-2 gunds.<br />
#1 sangarSi iyvnen <strong>iunkrebi</strong> tyviamfrqvevelebiT, maT xelmZRvanelobda<br />
leitenanti erisTavi, romelic gamoirCeoda simamaciT. tabaxmelis poziciebze<br />
aleqsandre CxeiZesTan mivida me-2 brigadis 5 oficeri, romelTa nawilebi<br />
bambakis xeobaSi iqna ganadgurebuli bolSevikebis mier; maT TxovniT mimarTes<br />
skolis ufross brZola gaegrZelebinaT iunkerTa rigebSi. eseni iyvnen:<br />
leitenanti qavTaraZe, artileristi _ leitenanti erisTavi, metyviamfrqveve<br />
_ leitenanti suluxia, ufrosi leitenanti baramiZe da leitenanti<br />
TavzeraZe. aleqsandre CxeiZem isini miiRo iunkerTa rigebSi. maTi Txovna<br />
ganpirobebuli iyo im didi avtoritetiT, riTac qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong><br />
sargebloda, rogorc xalxSi, aseve jariskacebSi.<br />
20 Tebervals, dilis 8 saaTze, movida cnoba sofel vaSlovanisa da<br />
kumisis win mtris qveiTi jaris gamoCenis Sesaxeb. mterma farTo frontiT<br />
Seutia iunkerTa sangrebs. gansakuTrebiT, SesamCnevi iyo mtris erTi nawilis<br />
moZraoba vaSlovanidan Crdilo-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT kojorze; iunkerTa<br />
sangrebis pirdapir ki aqtiurad utevda sabrZolo mwyobrSi gaSlili mtris<br />
qveiTi jari. maiorma baxutaSvilma cecxli gauxsna mtris winmomaval<br />
nawilebs, ramac areuloba Seitana maTSi.<br />
generali aleqsandre CxeiZe, cxeniT gaemarTa #4 sangrisaken, sadac<br />
imyofeboda axalgazrda jariskacebis me-2 gundi. pirveli gundi maSvel<br />
razmSi iyo. mtris artileria ukve uSenda #4 sangrebs. aleqsandre CxeiZe<br />
igonebs: `CamovqveiTdi da gaviare sangrebSi; Zalian mainteresebda axalgazrda<br />
jariskacebis suliskveTeba; STabeWdileba miviRe pirdapir sasixarulo!<br />
araviTari SiSi maT saxeze! gamometyveleba hqondaT gonieri, Tumca daWimuli,<br />
magram sruliad mSvidi. rodesac ki vinmes raime SevekiTxe, moindoma fexze<br />
adgoma. Zalauneburad gavifiqre: _ ex, amecadine eseni erTi weliwadi, maSin<br />
pirdapir lomebi iqnebian... !~<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom axalgazrda iunkrebs ar dascaldaT srulyofili<br />
sabrZolo momzadeba gaevloT <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>Si, isini mainc mamacurad<br />
ibrZodnen da ukan ar dauxeviaT yvelaze rTul momentSic ki. rodesac<br />
maSveli gundis marcxena frTas mtris tyvia daeca, ganapira jariskacma<br />
kontuzia miiRo, erTi ki daiWra. moulodnelad meore yumbara maSvelTa<br />
gundidan 15 nabijis manZilze davarda, Tumca arc erTi jariskaci ar<br />
daZrula adgilidan da sabrZolo pozicia ar dautovebia. qarTveli <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s<br />
mamacobiT aRfrTovanebuli generali aleqsandre CxeiZe, guldajerebuli<br />
gaemarTa <strong>samxedro</strong> batareisaken, mas Seegebnen oficrebi: maiori ananiaSvili,<br />
kap. maWavariani da kap. Savdia. maT ainteresebdaT al. CxeiZisagan gaegoT, Tu<br />
23
ogor grZnobdnen Tavs frontze axalgazrda jariskacebi. isini al. CxeiZis<br />
cxenTan iyvnen Sejgufulni, rodesac gaisma gasrola, mtris tyviam maior<br />
ananiaSvilis gulSi gaiara da iqve gaaTava. igi pirvelad iyo omSi da<br />
brZolis dawyebis pirvelive saaTebSi mokles.<br />
male SulaverTan gamoCnda mtris cxenosani mwyobri. maior baxutaSvilis<br />
mier nasroli pirvelive yumbara mtris razmis SuagulSi Cavarda da maSinve<br />
gafanta isini. iunkerTa postebze mdgomi zarbaznidan 150 nabijze marjvena<br />
mxareze, miwidan maRla iyo amoSverili samijne qva (ix: #1 rukaze #510). es<br />
qva kargad Canda mowinaaRmdegis poziciebidan, radgan mterma mizanSi amoiRo,<br />
mTeli brZolebis ganmavlobaSi am qvas dauzogavad glejda da sruliad<br />
gadaTxara irgvliv miwa. miuxedavad amisa, qva amayad idga Tavis adgilze,<br />
TiTqos <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis sulis simtkicis simbolo yofiliyo. male,<br />
brZolis bedi saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis jarebis sasikeTod<br />
Setrialda. daaxloebiT 12 saaTze, mowinaaRmdegis moieriSe nawilebi<br />
miuaxlovdnen iunkerTa sangrebs, isini daaxloebiT oras nabijze iyvnen, roca<br />
leitenantma erisTavma maT #1 sangridan tyviamfrqvevelebis frTuli cecxli<br />
Seageba da mtris 23 gvami erT adgilas daalaga. mtris Seteva mogeriebuli<br />
iqna. maTi ieriSis ukugdebaSi monawileoba miiRes aseve, <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s me-3 da me-<br />
4 mwyobrma, #2-3 sangrebidan. mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi ar Sewyvetila mtris<br />
ieriSi. mtris mosagerieblad saWiro Seiqmna kidev erTi mwyobris gagzavna.<br />
maSvelSi darCa <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s mxolod erTi patara mwyobri. 18 Tebervals,<br />
saRamos, aleqsandre CxeiZis gankargulebaSi gadavida me-10-e aTaseuli,<br />
polkovnik saginaSvilis meTaurobiT. me-10-e aTaseulis gundebi ZiriTadad<br />
Cayenebuli iqnen frontis Ria adgilebSi, maT daikaves #0 da#00 sangrebi<br />
(ixileT #1 rukaze). maTi erTi gundi Cadga marcxena frTaze 36 sangarSi.<br />
daaxloebiT 13 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, kojris aRmosavleT napirze gamoCnda<br />
bolSevikebis jarebi, erT aTaseulamde. maT daikaves sof. wavkisi da<br />
gaemarTnen mTavrobis jarebis zurgisaken, general andronikaSvilis Stabis<br />
mimarTulebiT. duqani, sadac maTi Stabi iyo moTavsebuli, mtris cecxlis<br />
alSi moeqca. Seiqmna kritikuli da damafiqrebeli mdgomareoba. kojris<br />
damcveli me-4 aTaseulis gundebi damarcxebuli iqnen im bolSevikebTan<br />
brZolaSi, romlebic TeTri duqnidan utevdnen. me-4 aTaseulis gundebma<br />
daixies mama daviTis mTis mimarTulebiT da sruliad daucveli datoves<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s zurgSi mimavali gza. generali andronikaSvili mZime mdgomareobaSi<br />
aRmoCnda. man iunker miqaZis piriT Semdegi Sinaarsis sityvieri brZaneba<br />
gaugzavna general aleqsandre CxeiZes: `bolSevikebi Camodian kojoridan<br />
zurgSi, Stabi ukve cecxlis qveS imyofeba; amisaTvis gen. andronikaSvili<br />
ubrZanebs <strong>skola</strong>s da me-10 aTaseuls, daixion ukan~. gen. al. CxeiZe igonebs:<br />
`Cems SekiTxvaze: _ saiT brZana generalma ukan daxeva iunkerma miqaZem maCvena<br />
marjvena xeliT CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT, mama daviTis mTaze. brZanebis<br />
miRebis dros CemTan iyvnen maiori gardafxaZe da kap. maWavariani. jer kidev<br />
brZanebamde, kojorze vxedavdi bolSevikur Zalebs da kargad Sevafase Cveni<br />
24
mdgomareoba. kritikuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna aramc Tu marto Cveni<br />
razmisaTvis, aramed mTeli umTavresi miznisaTvis, _ TbilisisaTvis...~<br />
generali aleqsandre CxeiZe mZime situaciaSi aRmoCnda. am faqtTan<br />
dakavSirebiT igi wers: `napoleonoba ar iyo saWiro imis gamosarkvevad, rom:<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu me brZanebas avasrulebdi, im saRamosve Tbilisi<br />
bolSevikebis mier iqneboda dakavebuli da Cveni jarebis didi nawili<br />
gzagadaWrili aRmoCndeboda. daviwyebdi Tu ara Cemi nawilebis brZolidan<br />
gamoyvanas da mtris frTuli da zurgis cecxlis qveS ukan daxevas,<br />
darwmunebuli unda vyofiliyavi imaSi, rom mama daviTis mTaze marto<br />
iunkrebs miviyvandi; danarCeni yvelaferi erTmaneTSi aireoda da Tbilisisaken<br />
Tavqve daeSveboda... Cveni ubnis datovebis Semdeg, bolSevikebi swrafad<br />
daikavebdnen mas. vinaidan am dros daJinebiT mohqondaT Cvenze ieriSebi;<br />
aSkaraa, maT icodnen kojorSi gamarjvebis Sesaxeb da Cveni ubnis dakavebiTac<br />
undodaT Tbilisis bedi gadaewyvitaT. yvelaferi es naTlad mqonda<br />
warmodgenili da gancvifrebuli davrCi, gen. andronikaSvilma Tu rogor<br />
gadawyvita aseTi nabijis gadadgma. mozRvavda mwveli gancdebi da fiqrma<br />
gamitaca. warmovidgine, rom <strong>samxedro</strong> istorikosi TbilisTan brZolis<br />
aRweris dros dawers: _kritikul wuTebSi <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis razmma daagdo<br />
Tavisi poziciebi da daixia mama daviTis mTaze, ris Sedegad bolSevikebma<br />
daikaves tabaxmela da aqedan Sevardnen TbilisSi.... ara! es ar iqneba<br />
istoriaSi ase dawerili _gadavwyvite. fiqrebi icvleboda elvis siswrafiT...<br />
momagonda <strong>samxedro</strong> istoriidan SemTxvevebi, rodesac jaris nawilebi<br />
wiravdnen Tavs armiis dasaxsnelad! mivubrundi da damSvidebulad vuTxari<br />
miqaZes: _ gadaeci generals, rom am brZanebas ver avasruleb da exlave moval<br />
mosalaparakeblad. nestor gardafxaZes ganvucxade, rom araviTar SemTxvevaSi<br />
ukan ar davixev!~.<br />
aleqsandre CxeiZe urTules mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda: erTis mxriv, is<br />
movale iyo aResrulebina mTavarsardlis brZaneba, meores mxriv, kargad<br />
icoda, rom ukandaxeva Tbilisis dakargvas niSnavda. generalma brZolis<br />
gagrZeleba arCia da ubrZana maior baxutaSvils, moebrunebina savele<br />
zarbaznebi ukan da gaexsna cecxli, xolo kapitan qarumiZes daavala<br />
Camoegorebina samTo zarbaznebi zemodan da daeyenebina botanikuri baRisa da<br />
sofel tabaxmelas Sua, Tavad ki general andronikaSvilTan wavida, raTa is<br />
gadaerwmunebina, ar daexiaT ukan. mas kargad hqonda gacnobierebuli Seqmnili<br />
situacia, magram <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s sabrZolo suliskveTebaze, mxolod imaze<br />
fiqrobda, rom eris winaSe es pirtitvela biWebi pirnaTelni yofiliyvnen: `...<br />
Tu Tbiliss ver gadavarCendiT, es Tavganwirva xom mainc sargeblobas<br />
moutans momavali axalgazrdobis aRzrdas da skolis pativs ixsnis. erTi<br />
wuTiT warmoidgineT, rom <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong> yofiliyo Tbilisis daRupvis<br />
mizezi... saSinelia amis warmodgenac ki!~<br />
general andronikaSvilTan Sexvedram, al. CxeiZe kidev ufro daarwmuna<br />
sakuTari gadawyvetilebis sisworeSi: ukan daxeva sikvdilis tolfasi<br />
25
iqneboda. rogorc gamoirkva, gen. andronikaSvilis es gadawyvetileba<br />
gamowveuli iyo Seqmnili situaciiT, mas brZaneba mTavarsardlisagan ar<br />
miuRia. is imyofeboda Tavis StabSi da ver xedavda jars, ver grZnobda<br />
skolis iunkerTa gamobrZmedil mebrZol suls, maT sabrZolo ganwyobas. al.<br />
CxeiZe mis Sesaxeb gadmogvcems, rom is bunebiT imdenad rbili adamiani iyo,<br />
ver poulobda Tavis arsebaSi nebisyofas, raTa moeTxova Tavisi<br />
jariskacebisaTvis, ueWveli daRupvis miuxedavad, damdgariyvnen da<br />
daRupuliyvnen. generalma aseTi pasuxi misca al. CxeiZes: `_ Cemo kargo, Tu<br />
Sen xedav gamosavals, imoqmede Cqara da didi madlobeli viqnebi!~<br />
sabolood, al. CxeiZem gadawyvetileba miiRo, gaegrZelebinaT brZola.<br />
aRniSnul faqtTan dakavSirebiT, is wers: `_ me mivdivar! _ vupasuxe<br />
(saubaria gen. andronikaSvilze) da movabrune cxeni baRisaken. aqedan<br />
gamoviyvane iunkerTa me-2 mwyobri, romelsac im dros oficeri ar hyavda da<br />
wavedi Senobisaken oficris dasaniSnavad; am dros saxlidan gadmoxta da win<br />
Semomegeba kap. ToiZe, _ inJineri. davuWire xeli, vaCvene da avuxseni<br />
mdgomareoba da gavagzavne mwyobriT duqnisaken. zarbaznebs vubrZane cecxli<br />
aeCqarebinaT; nestor gardafxaZes vubrZane, moexsna sangrebidan da duqanTan<br />
moeyvana axalgazrda jariskacebis 1-li gundi. amas garda moxerxda, gamogveyo<br />
me-10 aTaseulidan naxevari gundi, romelsac ufrosobda imave aTaseulis<br />
kapitani qarumiZe, gamoCenili da guladi oficeri~.<br />
al. CxeiZem kargad icoda, rom mis xelT arsebuli ZalebiT ver SeZlebda<br />
kojris ganTavisuflebas bolSevikebisagan, Tumca Tvlida, rom brZolis<br />
gagrZelebas azri mainc hqonda, Tundac imitom, rom sapasuxo Setevis Semdeg,<br />
verc bolSevikebi igrZnobdnen Tavs gamarjvebulad. generali fiqrobda, rom<br />
maTi mxridan, Tundac susti kontr-ieriSebi, mowinaaRmdeges SeaCerebda, rac<br />
Tbilisis damcvelebs Zalebis mokrebaSi daexmareboda. iunkeri nikoloz<br />
maTikaSvili igonebs: `mze Casvlaze iyo, TovliT dafarul kojris maRlobze<br />
rom avediT. maSinaTve polk. CxeiZis miTiTebiT poziciebis dakavebas da<br />
mowyobas SevudeqiT. saqme arc ise advili iyo. cioda. TovliT dafarul,<br />
Rrmad gayinul miwis sangrebad da Znel misadgom poziciebad gadaqceva did<br />
jafas moiTxovda. Cven, mesame oceuls, marcxena frTaze moxvda poziciebi.<br />
Tvalwin maRlobs amofarebuli tabaxmela iyo, marcxniv soRanluRisken<br />
daqanebuli ferdobi. oceuls ganagebda leitenanti andronikaSvili da misi<br />
TanaSemwe, ufroskurseli iunkeri gelaSvili. Cven marjvniv poziciebi daikava<br />
pirvelma oceulma, leitenant ToiZis TaosnobiT...~<br />
al. CxeiZis razmi Setevaze gadavida. me-10 aTaseulidan gamoyofili<br />
naxevari gundi wavida marjvniv, <strong>iunkrebi</strong> _ marcxniv. adgili, saidanac<br />
naxevari gundi ieriSze unda gadasuliyo, dafaruli iyo borcvebiT, <strong>iunkrebi</strong><br />
ki utevdnen sufTa TovliT dafenil Ria adgilze. jariskacebi arc erTxel<br />
ar dawolilan, ise gaiares cecxlis qveS. es moraluri dartyma<br />
bolSevikebisaTvis cecxlze Zlieri iyo. isini medgrad ekveTnen mters da<br />
100-120 nabijze cecxli gaxsnes. swored, am dros, bolSevikebis tyviam<br />
26
imsxverpla kapitani qarumiZe, romelic me-10 aTaseulis naxevar gundSi<br />
ibrZoda; <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s mwyobrSi ki kapitani ToiZe gamoasalmes sicocxles. amis<br />
Semdeg naxevarma gundma ukan daiwia, gasworda da SeCerda. bolSevikebi<br />
xiStebiT gadavidnen ieriSze, sul raRac 23 iunkeris winaaRmdeg. iunkrebma,<br />
Semdgomi winsvlis mizniT, daiwyes ukan daxeva, moimarjves adgili da cecxli<br />
gauxsnes mowinaaRmdeges. artileristebi pirdapiri damiznebiT isrodnen. es<br />
iyo erTi muWa, Tavganwiruli jariskacebis winaaRmdegoba, ramac aiZula<br />
bolSevikebi TavianT Tovlis sangrebSi gaqceuliyvnen. swored, am dros<br />
movida mTavarsardal giorgi kvinitaZis Semdegi Sinaarsis telefonograma:<br />
`_ gamagrdiT, rogorc ar unda iyos, viReb yovel zomas!~ marTlac,<br />
mTavarsardalma miiRo yvela zomebi jariskacTa dasaxmareblad da kojris<br />
gasamagreblad: Tbilisidan avtomobiliT waiyvanes me-5 aTaseuli; mama daviTis<br />
mTaze funikulioriT aiyvanes gvardiis aTaseuli; sofel bebuTovkaSi<br />
gaigzavna gvardielebis erTi aTaseuli, kojorze zurgidan Semosatevad; gen.<br />
mazniaSvilisagan, TeleTis qediT, gaigzavna 1-li aTaseuli polk.<br />
gegelaSvilis meTaurobiT, gaigzavna aseve, gvardiis erTi aTaseuli. kojorSi<br />
misvlisas jaris nawilebma gen. al. CxeiZisagan miiRes saWiro cnobebi<br />
frontze arsebul situaciasTan dakavSirebiT. maT nabrZanebi hqondaT,<br />
moegrovebinaT me-2 mwyobridan darCenili <strong>iunkrebi</strong>. al. CxeiZis cnobiT,<br />
daWril-mokluli iyo 8 iunkeri da kap. ToiZe. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT<br />
iunkeri nikoloz maTikaSvili igonebs: `skolis marjvena frTaze bolSevikTa<br />
mozrdilma jgufma maRlobi gadmolaxa da `uras~ ZaxiliT leitenant ToiZis<br />
oceuls Seutia. leitenanti ToiZe ukuieriSiT miegeba. mterma xelCarTuls<br />
brZolas ver gauZlo, piri ibruna da ukan daixia, velze ki datoves daWrildaxocilebi.<br />
iqve darCa leitenant ToiZis gvami da ramdenime iunkrisa. maSin<br />
iyo, rom tabaxmelis mTavari gmiri polk. CxeiZe omis msvlelobas Tvals ar<br />
aSorebda, brZaneba gasca mis gverdiT mdgomi ori zarbazani gamoegorebinaT da<br />
win mimavali bolSevikebisaTvis pirdapiri cecxli gaeCinaT. ramdenime niSanSi<br />
nasroli yumbara leit. ToiZis ukuieriSTan erTad sakmarisi gamodga mtris<br />
ukan gasabruneblad. erTi da ori ar iyo aseTi SemTxveva, magram iunkerTa<br />
xazi versad gaarRvies. ver uSveles amas verc baqodan Camoyvanilma<br />
kursantebma, verc boris ZnelaZem ∗ , romlis `damsaxurebis~ aRsaniSnavad<br />
Zeglia aRmarTuli TbilisSi...~<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s marjvena frTaze, general andronikaSvilis sardlobiT ibrZoda<br />
meoTxe qveiTi jaris polki, meoTxe gvardiis aTaseuli Sesabamisi<br />
artileriiT da cxenosanTa nawilebiT. raki jaris nawilebi ukve adgilze<br />
iyvnen, al. CxeiZem TxovniT mimarTa gen. andronikaSvils, Tundac erTi RamiT,<br />
saSualeba miecaT <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>saTvis daesvenaT. generali<br />
daeTanxma mas. al. CxeiZis ubani Caibara polk. gegelaSvilma. <strong>iunkrebi</strong> sofel<br />
SindisSi iqnen gadayvanilni dasvenebis mizniT. 20 Tebervals, diliT, al.<br />
CxeiZe iRebs axal brZanebas: saswrafod waeyvana <strong>iunkrebi</strong> #2 da #3<br />
sangrebze misaSveleblad, sadac Camdgari iyo gvardia da me-3 aTaseuli.<br />
27
iunkrebs brZola uwevdaT 4-5-jer meti raodenobis mtris ZalebTan. iyo<br />
SemTxvevebi, rodesac 20-25 kacisagan Semdgari iunkerTa razmi ukuaqcevda win<br />
mwyobriT momaval mters. kojorSi kapitan Savdias meTaurobiT <strong>iunkrebi</strong><br />
Setevaze gadavidnen da ukan daibrunes sangrebi. diliT, mogeriebuli iqna<br />
mowinaaRmdegis sami ieriSi. didi iyo danakargi. daWril-daxocil iunkerTa<br />
raodenoba 25-s aRemateboda. sangrebis win bolSevikebma kondaxebiT daCeCqves<br />
iunkeri kezeli. ori dRis ganmavlobaSi, mowinaaRmdeges gaafrTebuli ieriSi<br />
mihqonda <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s mier gamagrebul gorakze. aRniSnuli gorakis xelSi<br />
Cagdebis mizniT, mterma am mimarTulebiT gagzavna aTaseuli 4 zarbazniT,<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis iunkerTa marjvena frTis #00 sangrebis avliT,<br />
Sulaveridan kojorze; <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s razmma, al. CxeiZis meTaurobiT, Semdeg<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> manevrs mimarTa: Setevaze gadmosuli bolSevikebis armia sangrebTan<br />
Zalian axlos miuSva, Semdeg cecxli gauxsna da ase ukuaqcia #00<br />
sangrebidan. bolSevikebma brZolis velze datoves 4 savele zarbazani, aseve,<br />
patara javSnosani vaznebiT da gaiqcnen. am dros, #00 sangrebSi idga me-10<br />
aTaseulis gundi. miuxedavad gancdili marcxisa, bolSevikebi ganagrZnobdnen<br />
ieriSebs da mxolod 21 Tebervals diliT, daaxloebiT 10 saaTze, datoves<br />
poziciebi da sagrZnob manZilze ukan daixies. mtris qveiTi jari aRarsad<br />
Canda, artileriis cecxlis miuxedavad, dRem mSvidad Caiara.<br />
20 Tebervals, moagroves ieriSis dros daxocili <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s cxedrebi.<br />
ver ipoves ToiZis gvami. Setevis dros al. CxeiZe imyofeboda samTo<br />
zarbaznebTan da WogritiT garkveviT dainaxa ToiZis adgilsamyofeli, sadac<br />
is brZolis dros daeca. swored, am adgilze mianiSna man kap. sulxaniSvils,<br />
rac mas daexmara cxenosan iunkrebTan erTad moeZebnaT ToiZis gvami. mas<br />
mucelSi hqonda tyvia moxvedrili da Semdeg dartymuli hqonda xiSti.<br />
21 Tebervals, brZolis gagrZeleba, mxolod axali Zalebis Sevsebis<br />
Semdeg gaxdeboda SesaZlebeli. im nawilebze, romlebmac brZolis dros didi<br />
danaklisi ganicades da moqanculni iyvnen, imedis damyareba saxifaTo iyo.<br />
gen. kvinitaZe axalcixidan moeloda me-11 da me-12 aTaseulebs, ris Semdegac<br />
SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda Setevaze gadasvla. 21 Tebervals, im ubanze, sadac<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong> imyofebodnen mivida maior Crdilelis batareia da daiWira<br />
sabrZolo poziciebi. maiori Crdileli energiuli da Seudrekeli oficeri<br />
iyo. mogvianebiT igi bolSevikebma daxvrites TbilisSi. dasaxmareblad mivida<br />
agreTve maior maxaraZis batareiis erTi mwyobri, gogi mesxiSvilis<br />
meTaurobiT.<br />
bolSevikebma mTeli TavianTi Zalebi tabaxmelaze gadmoisroles, vinaidan<br />
isini miiCnevdnen, rom tabaxmela iyo mTavari poziciis gasaRebi.<br />
mTavarsardalma gen. kvinitaZem artileriiT gaaZliera Tavisi poziciebi.<br />
22 Tebervals, TiTqmis yvelgan siwynare iyo. drogamoSvebiT ismoda<br />
artileriis gasrola da aqa-iq Tofis xma. bolSevikebma soflebSi _<br />
vaSlovansa da kumisSi, Seafares Tavi. iunkerTa rigebSi daWrili iyo ori<br />
oficeri _ leitenanti erisTavi da leitenanti andronikaSvili, romelic<br />
28
<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>Si biblioTekis gamged muSaobda da frontze skolis<br />
iunkrebTan erTad wavida sakuTari neba-surviliT. is aRmoCnda mamaci da<br />
gabeduli oficeri. brZolis dros daiWra gverdSi gamavali WrilobiT.<br />
gen. al. CxeiZe wavida gen. andronikaSvilis StabSi da masTan erTad<br />
Seudga <strong>samxedro</strong> nawilebis dawyobas da gadajgufebas. #6-dan #000<br />
sangramde idgnen sxvadasxva nawilebis gundebi, erTmaneTSi saSinlad areulni.<br />
gadawyda maTi aTaseulebad Sekreba da ubnebze ganawileba. iq imyofebodnen 1-<br />
li aTaseuli, me-5 aTaseuli, me-10 aTaseuli, aseve, gvardiis erTi aTaseuli<br />
da <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>. aRniSnuli nawilebi, SeZlebisdagvarad<br />
moyvanilni iqnen sabrZolo mdgomareobaSi. mowesrigda agreTve yumbarebisa da<br />
vaznebis ganawilebac.<br />
general andronikaSvils uZneles pirobebSi uxdeboda muSaoba. duqanSi,<br />
sadac is idga, moTavsebuli iyo 7 telefonis sadguri. mas telefonTan<br />
iTxovdnen yovel wuTs. ar hyavda arc erTi TanaSemwe. mogvianebiT StabSi<br />
mividnen polk. gogitiZe da leitenanti gociriZe.<br />
22 Tebervlis saRamos, Tbilisidan StabSi mivida <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
oficeri kapitani yifiani da miiyvana rezervidan mowveuli 50-60 jariskaci.<br />
rezervistebma kargi STabeWdileba ver datoves al. CxeiZeze, maT Sesaxeb is<br />
werda: `erTimeoreze saZageli iyvnen, raRac nayari xalxi~. mogvianebiT misi<br />
varaudi gamarTlda. amaze cota qvemoT visaubrebT.<br />
imave saRamos, al. CxeiZem #1 sangridan miiRo cnoba, rom gvardielebma<br />
sakuTari nebiT miatoves sangari #0, romelic carieli darCa. gvardielebis<br />
mier brZolis velis mitovebas, sxva qarTveli generlebic adastureben. maTi<br />
adgilis dakaveba ebrZana kap. yifians rezervistebTan erTad. <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong> maSvel ZalaSi iyvnen. iunkrebs nabrZanebi hqondaT, aseve<br />
gvardielebis meTvalyureoba, radgan RamiT isini sangrebs tovebdnen da<br />
zurgSi midiodnen. <strong>iunkrebi</strong> aiZulebdnen gvardielebs, kvlav sangrebSi<br />
dabrunebas. samwuxarod, miuxedavad imisa, rom gvardielebi, romlebic<br />
ibrZodnen yvela did omSi, ufro gamocdilebi iyvnen armiis jariskacebze,<br />
xSirad tovebdnen sangrebs, riTac mtris wisqvilze asxamdnen wyals.<br />
23 Tebervals, dRisiT, didi brZolebi ar yofila, ZiriTadad adgili<br />
hqonda patara Setakebebs. saRamos mterma Semoutia #0 da #00 sangrebs.<br />
dasawyisSi, kap. yifianma 50-60 rezervistTan erTad SeZlo ramodenimejer<br />
moegeriebina mtris Semoteva. bolos veRar gauZlo Zlier dartymas, radgan<br />
saRamos, rezervistebi brZolis velidan gaiqcnen. sasowarkveTilebaSi myofma<br />
kap. yifianma nagani iZro da oTxi tyvia dairtya mkerdze. pirvelma tyviam<br />
marcxena gverdi gaitana da iqve waiqca, magram dasustebuli xeliT kidev<br />
ganagrZobda srolas sakuTar mkerdSi, vidre revolveri ar gamostaca<br />
xelidan masTan erTad myofma kadris nacvalma, misma aRzrdilma, romelmac ar<br />
miatova da masTan erTad darCa sangarSi. kap. yifians aRmoaCnda ori Wriloba,<br />
ori tyviiT gaxvretili hqonda marto faraja, mkerdis dazianebiT. sanaxavad<br />
misul al. CxeiZes man ganucxada: ` _ batono polkovniko, me ver Sevasrule<br />
29
Tqveni brZaneba da exla yvelas SeuZlia Tqvas, rom kapitan yifians brZolaSi<br />
jariskacebi gamoeqcnen!~ samwuxarod, brZolis dros aseT faqtebsac hqonda<br />
adgili.<br />
kap. yifianis Tavganwirva samagaliTo gaxda <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>saTvis, romelTac win mniSvnelovani brZolebi elodaT.<br />
dadga 24 Tebervali _ qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis da misi oficrebis<br />
gmirobisa da didebis dRe!<br />
ori dRis ganmavlobaSi Camovardnilma siwynarem, <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
iunkrebs da maT meTaurebs dasvenebis saSualeba misca. 24 Tebervlis brZolas<br />
isini ricxobrivad mcire, magram suliT Zlierni Sexvdnen. bolSevikebi<br />
elodnen axali Zalebis Sevsebas, maT Soris kursantebis <strong>skola</strong>s baqodan<br />
(gavixsenoT, rom am dros Aazerbaijani ukve bolSevikebis xelSi iyo).<br />
aRniSnuli Zalebi, bolSevikebma 24 Tebervals gagzavnes tabaxmelis<br />
mimarTulebiT, qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s winaaRmdeg. qarTveli<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s gverdiT gmirulad ibrZoda erovnebiT somexi iunkeri meliq<br />
somxianci, romelic saqarTvelos damoukideblobis erTguli darCa bolomde,<br />
emigraciaSi gahyva qarTvel <strong>samxedro</strong>ebs da bolos inglisSi dasaxlda.<br />
24 Tebervals, diliT #2, 3 sangrebi (ix. ruka #2) eWiraT axalgazrda<br />
gundebs, <strong>iunkrebi</strong> imyofebodnen botanikur baRSi, maSvel ZalaSi. iunkerTa<br />
gundSi 136 kacidan, inJinrebis mimatebiT, darCa mxolod 85-90 kacamde; meore<br />
mwyobri, 19 Tebervlis mZime brZolebis Semdeg daiSala, darCa mxolod 1-li,<br />
me-3 da me-4 mwyobri. dilidanve mterma artileriis Zlieri cecxli gaxsna<br />
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. jer kidev 23 Tebervals, leitenantma<br />
mesxiSvilma, Tavis zarbaznebs adgili gamoucvala gorakze da daayena baRis<br />
cota aRmosavleTiT, bilikze _ #4 sangrebis ukan. bolSevikebi mTeli ZaliT<br />
utevdnen, ramdenjerme gadavidnen ieriSze, magram ver uZlebdnen sawinaaRmdego<br />
dartymebs da uku-iqceodnen. maSveli Zalebis miRebis Semdeg, isev gadadiodnen<br />
ieriSze. gaafrTebuli brZola, gaTenebidan gvian Ramemde gagrZelda. mteri<br />
400-600 fexis nabijze uaxlovdeboda xan erT sangars, xan meores. maT<br />
ukuagdebdnen, Tumca axal-axali maSveli ZalebiT kvlav gaZlierebulni,<br />
sangrebisaken isev miiwevdnen. bolSevikebi cecxlis qveS Tavdauzogavad<br />
gaiWrnen win. sawinaaRmdego ieriSebis Sedegad, isini mravaljer iqnen<br />
ukuqceulni. bolos naSuadRevs, bolSevikebma mizans miaRwies, gaarRvies<br />
winaaRmdegoba, Sevardnen #4-e sangarSi, romelic pirvel aTaseuls ekava (ix.<br />
naxazi #2). gorakze amosuli bolSevikebi aRmoCndnen leitenant mesxiSvilis<br />
zarbaznebTan da miscvivdnen zarbaznebs asaRebad, eseni iyvnen baqos skolis<br />
kursantebi, romlebic bolSevikebis dasaxmareblad gaigzavnen. sruliad<br />
axalgazrda ymawvilma, leitenantma mesxiSvilma aq gamoiCina gmiroba; man<br />
gadawyvita momkvdariyo zarbaznebTan, Semoikriba Tavisi batareis jariskacebi,<br />
iZro xmali, Tavganwiruli gambedaobiT ekveTa mters da dauwyo Cexva. mteri<br />
fiqrobda, rom mizans miaRwia: aiRo me-4 sangari, frontis xazi gaarRvia,<br />
Tumca mTavari winaaRmdegoba maT jer kidev win elodaT, radgan qarTuli<br />
30
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis iunkrebs, jer ar eTqvaT TavianTi sityva! iqve<br />
maxloblad, botanikur baRSi myofi <strong>iunkrebi</strong> aqtiurad adevnebdnen Tvals<br />
brZolis mimdinareobas da TavianT dros elodnen. rodesac baqos skolis<br />
kursantebi, bolSevikebTan erTad Sevardnen #4 sangarSi, maSvelSi myofi,<br />
qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong> am baRidan ukve gamodiodnen. xolo im<br />
dros, rodesac baqos skolis kursantebi Seetaknen leit. mesxiSvilis<br />
batareis jariskacebs, mtris zurgTan ukve `vaSas~ SeZaxilebiT miiwevdnen win<br />
qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>. maT win miuZRodaT mamaci oficrebi: _<br />
Savdia, xoStaria da CoCua. gaimarTa uTanasworo brZola. xiStebi, kondaxebi,<br />
revolverebi, xmlebi erTmaneTSi ireodnen. baqos skolis kursantebi medgrad<br />
Sexvdnen qarTveli <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s Setevas. maTi xuTqimiani varskvlavis<br />
brwyinvaleba droebiT, Tumca mainc daCrdila TeTri giorgis elvarebam.<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong> gaiqcnen ukan me-4 sangrebis mimarTulebiT. swored, am dros<br />
gorakze, sangarTan gamoCnda kursantebis tyviamfrqvevi. ukan gaqceuli mteri,<br />
tyviamfrqveviT Suaze gayofili, gaifanta marjvniv da marcxniv da gza<br />
gauxsna Zlier cecxls. am dros mtris tyviamfrqvevma dauSina axalgazrda<br />
iunkrebs Ria mindorze, 100-120 nabijis manZilidan. iunkrebma gadawyvites,<br />
radac ar unda dajdomodaT xelSi CaegdoT tyviamfrqvevi. me-3 mwyobri kap.<br />
CoCuas meTaurobiT tyviamfrqvevisaken gaeqana; jer ar miaxlovebodnen, rom<br />
kap. CoCua daeca daWrili. <strong>iunkrebi</strong> win miiwevdnen, romelTac win miuZRoda<br />
fexburTSi ganTqmuli, fexmardi Salva erisTavi. maT moaxerxes da xelSi<br />
Caigdes mtris tyviamfrqvevi. oficeri, romelic tyviamfrqvevs umiznebda,<br />
mokluli iqna S. erisTavis mier, Tumca isic iqve daeca mtris tyviiT<br />
gangmiruli. iunkrebma moaxerxes sangrebis kvlav xelSi Cagdeba. brZolis<br />
mimdinareobas Tvals adevnebdnen al. CxeiZe da gen. andronikaSvili. am<br />
brZolaSi qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis raindobis da sidiadis simbolur<br />
suraTad darCa tyviamfrqvTan gangmiruli Salva erisTavi. tabaxmelis ieriSis<br />
dros, bolSevikebis mier mokluli iqnen <strong>iunkrebi</strong>: Salva erisTavi, oTar<br />
lorTqifaniZe, ioseb jandieri, daWrili iqna 15-mde iunkeri. tabaxmelas<br />
sangrebze ieriSebi mTeli dRis manZilze gagrZelda. qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong> miuxedavad mcirericxovnobis, medgrad ibrZodnen da mters<br />
ar nebdebodnen, ar aviwydebodaT Tu visi gorisani iyvnen, maT sabrZolo<br />
rigebSi warsuli gmirebis aCrdili SfoTavda, rac matebdaT Zalebs da<br />
sabrZolod ganawyobdaT. brZolis velze daiWrnen oficrebi: Savdia, CoCua,<br />
xoStaria. 24 Tebervals, sul brZolis velze daWril-daxocili iyo 35<br />
iunkeri. TiTo mwyobrSi darCa 10-12 kaci. miuxedavad amisa <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis<br />
iunkrebs ukan ar dauxeviaT da sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZoles. al.<br />
CxeiZe, romelic iunkrebTan erTad ibrZoda igonebs: `...dRe iyo saSineli,<br />
magram sadidebeli da savse Tavganwiruli saqmiT. bolSevikebma yvelaferi<br />
gadmoisroles brZolaSi; gamwarebulad da uSiSrad moiwevdnen win da<br />
kvdebodnen, magram yvela maTi mquxared movardnili talRa imsxvreoda<br />
tabaxmelis gmirTa mkerdze ise, rogorc zRvis talRebi pitalo kldeze. dRe<br />
31
iqca istoriulad. gadamwyvet WidilSi Cven gavimarjveT. gamarjveba iyo<br />
sruli!~<br />
brZolis velze sicocxle uamravma qarTvelma iunkerma datova. isini<br />
marad Wabukebad darCnen. maT saxelebs daviwyeba ar uweriaT. marTalia,<br />
mravali wlis manZilze, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis istoria<br />
saerTod ugulvebelyofili iyo bolSevikuri reJimis mier da <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s<br />
sagmiro saqmeebs, maT mier qveynis damoukideblobisaTvis Tavganwirvas,<br />
komunistur-komkavSiruli mtveri edo, magram dRes damoukidebel<br />
saqarTveloSi, TiToeuli qarTvelis movaleobaa saTanado pativi mivagoT<br />
samSoblosaTvis, misi momavlisaTvis TavganwirulTa xsovnas. brZolis velze<br />
daRupuli TiToeuli iunkris, yoveli mebrZolis mier daRvrili sisxli<br />
gvaxsenebs, rom samSoblo umTavresia, rom gmiri winaprebis aCrdilma maT<br />
sxvagvarad moqcevis saSualeba ar misca. adre Tu gvian, saqarTvelosTvis<br />
Tavdadebul gmirebs istoria Rirseul adgils miuCens. aki miuCina kidec:<br />
damoukideblobis idea, risTvisac isini ibrZodnen, aRsrulda, saqarTvelo<br />
kvlav Tavisufalia. maT sagmiro saqmeebze aRizrdebian momavali gmirebi.<br />
tabaxmelas brZolis warmateba ganapiroba, al. CxeiZis gegmam. nikoloz<br />
maTikaSvili Tavis mogonebebSi wers: `tabaxmelis ambebis mogonebisas, yvela<br />
da yovelTvis iunkerTa skolis Tavganwirvas, udrekelobas, movaleobis<br />
pirnaTlad Sesrulebasa da gmirobas ixseneben. yvela es simarTlea, oRond<br />
simarTlis darRveva iqneboda, rom yvela amaSi skolis ufrosis polk. CxeiZis<br />
Rvawli dagveviwyebina. yvelaferi, rac tabaxmelaze xdeboda, misi xasiaTis<br />
simtkicis, mdgomareobis swori Sefasebis, Sesabamisi gankargulebis droze<br />
gacemis Sedegi iyo. Cven mxolod mis Canafiqesa da brZanebas uzadod<br />
vasrulebdiT~.<br />
safrangeTSi myof qarTvel meomarTa sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare,<br />
polkovniki v. cxakaia, romelic <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>Si aswavlida <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
administracias, tabaxmelasTan momxdar brZolebze msjelobisas, xazgasmiT<br />
aRniSnavda <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s, Tavisi yofili mowafeebis Tavdadebis<br />
Sesaxeb: `...is, vinc dafiqrebulad gaerkveva brZolis pirobebSi, SeuZlebelia<br />
ar acremldes. mcirericxovani, samasiode kaci, axalgazrdoba, oTxi dRis<br />
manZilze, rva kilometrian veeberTela frontze, romelsac Zvel droSi<br />
abarebdnen Tu korpuss ara, divizias mainc, am frontze lomebiviT<br />
igeriebdnen gaafrTebuli mtris ieriSebs, TviTon gadadiodnen Setevaze,<br />
amarcxebdnen da isev ubrundebodnen sangrebs. igerieben winidan, igerieben<br />
uknidan. mxolod meoTxe dRe, miaSveles daxmareba da fronti cotaRa<br />
gamWidrda. iunkrebs ayeneben maSvelSi, magram aqac uimaTod araferi keTdeba;<br />
isev ieriSebi da mtris mier aRebuli sangrebis ukan dabruneba. uneblied<br />
warmogvidgeba maTi mama-papaTa rainduli brZolebi, sadac erTi qarTveli<br />
eTanabreboda xuTidan aTamde mters. gaiRviZa Cvens axalgazrdebSi winaparTa<br />
sulma, TiTqo maTi suli maT Tavs dastrialebda da aqezebda omisaTvis<br />
satrfo Svilebs, rodesac Cven aseTs ambebs vkiTxulobdiT istoriis<br />
32
furclebze, eWvi gvepareboda, migvaCnda gazviadebulad, magram Cven Tvalwin<br />
ganmeorda is, rasac istorikosebi iuwyebodnen...~<br />
gansakuTrebiT kritikuli mdgomareoba Seiqmna 24 Tebervlis saRamos.<br />
bolSevikebi gars ertymodnen Tbiliss, saqarTveloSi Semomavali yvela<br />
gadmosasvlelidan. qveyana mtris Zalebis rkinis salteSi aRmoCnda<br />
momwyvdeuli. 24 Tebervals, saRamos 8 saaTze, mTavarsardalma moaxsena<br />
mTavrobis Tavmjdomares noe Jordanias ukiduresad mZime mdgomareobis<br />
Sesaxeb (ix: ruka #3). gaica Tbilisis datovebis brZaneba. al. CxeiZe,<br />
romelic aqtiurad adevnebda Tvals frontze mimdinare movlenebs<br />
gadmogvcems: `strategiuli omi wavageT; mmarTveloba, xalxi da jari ar<br />
iyvnen momzadebuli aseTi seriozuli omisaTvis; TbilisTan taqtikuri<br />
gamarjvebani savsebiT ekuTvnian gen. kvinitaZis saqmianobas da udavod mis<br />
saxels unda mieniWos. Cveni strategiuli marcxi ki gamomdinareobs im<br />
pirobebidan, romelnic Seqmnes gen. kvinitaZis winamorbedebma da <strong>samxedro</strong>,<br />
samoqalaqo moRvaweebma. amitom damarcxebac erTianad maT ekuTvniT~. albaT<br />
dameTanxmebiT, sakmaod mkacri Sefaseeba, Tumca realuri. Cven, aq ar<br />
SevudgebiT damarcxebis mizezebis kvlevas; amasTan dakavSirebiT qarTul<br />
istoriografiaSi sxvadasxva azri arsebobs da migvaCnia, rom es calke<br />
kvlevis sagania.<br />
amrigad, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis jarma Tbilisi datova.<br />
1921 wlis 25 Tebervals, sabWoTa jari TbilisSi SemoiWra. demokratiuli<br />
respublikis Zalebma, ver moaswres mcxeTis poziciebze gamagreba da ukan<br />
daxeva ganagrZes. brZolebi moxda goris midamoebSi, suramis qedze, zemo<br />
imereTis viwro xeobebSi. damarcxeba saxeze iyo. saqarTvelos demokratiuli<br />
respublikis mTavroba baTumSi gadadis, saidnac emigraciaSi miemgzavreba.<br />
maTTan erTad gaemgzavrnen <strong>samxedro</strong> pirebi da maT Soris qarTveli <strong>iunkrebi</strong>.<br />
cocxlad gadarCenil qarTvel patriotebs sastikad devnida `Ceka~ ∗ . es<br />
iyo kolegialuri organo, romelic ruseTis yoveli mxridan Camosuli<br />
usastikesi jalaTebisagan Sedgeboda. `Cekas~ Tavmjdomare iyo ebraeli<br />
mogiliovski, igi iyo ZerJinskis erT-erTi uaxloesi TanamSromeli.<br />
mogiliovski qarTvelebis didi mteri iyo. misi brZanebiT daixvrita qarTveli<br />
eris saukeTeso Svilebi: 200 qarTveli studenti, 400 muSa, 1000 oficeri<br />
da inteligenti, 7000-mde glexi. misi uaxloesi TanaSemweebi iyvnen samxreT<br />
ruseTSi kargad cnobili pankratovi da somexi aTarbegovi. maTTan erTad<br />
moqmedebda lavrenti beria, romelmac daaxvretina bolSevikuri ruseTis<br />
winaaRmdeg ajanyebuli 1000 azerbaijaneli glexi. bolSevikuri jalaTebidan<br />
aRsaniSnavia: morozi _ rusi, oganezovi da petrosiani _ somxebi, Sulmani _<br />
ebraeli. bolSevikebma kargad icodnen, rom maTi Zalaufleba damyarebuli<br />
iyo, mxolod wiTelarmielTa xiStebze. maTi neba da avtoriteti<br />
damokidebuli iyo terorze, romelmac uamravi msxverpli Seiwira im<br />
adamianebis saxiT, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebodnen maT koloniur reJims.<br />
bolSevikebi sastikad gauswordnen <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis erT-erT damaarsebels, _<br />
33
al. CxeiZes. meore msoflio omis dros, ruseT-germaniis xelSekrulebis<br />
ZaliT, bolSevikebma qalaqi lvovi daikaves da im dros, iq myofi al. CxeiZe<br />
daapatimres. germanelTa Setevis Semdeg, lvovi datoves da al. CxeiZe Tan<br />
waiyvanes, gzaSi sadRac mospes da misi kvali gaaqres. upatronod da<br />
usaxsrod darCenili misi meuRle, general kvinitaZis da, qalbatoni sofio,<br />
romelsac ori, tyupi vaJi, manamade daeRupa, xanSi Sesuli da susti,<br />
TurqestanSi gadaasaxles da Zroxebis mwvelavad gaamweses. man ver aitana<br />
mZime Sroma, daavadda da saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli, mokle xanSi<br />
gardaicvala. ase gausworda komunisturi reJimi, qarTvel patriotebs. rac<br />
Seexeba giorgi kvinitaZes, igi 96 wlis asakSi gardaicvala parizSi da iqvea<br />
dakrZaluli.<br />
bolSevikebis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg, <strong>samxedro</strong> generalitetis<br />
didi nawili, iunkrebTan erTad sazRvargareT, emigraciaSi wavida, im mizniT,<br />
rom iqedan gaegrZelebinaT brZola samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis daarsebidan 15 wlis Tavze, emigraciaSi myofi generali<br />
giorgi kvinitaZe ase mimarTavs qarTvel iunkrebs: `TxuTmeti weliwadi<br />
Sesrulda, rac daarsebuli iyo Cveni qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>. TxuTmeti<br />
weliwadia, rac Tqven gaxdiT iunkrebaT. es saxeli SegrCaT da SegrCebaT<br />
samudamod, iqnebiT leitenanti, kapitani, polkovniki, generali an sxva<br />
saxelwodebis matarebelni, _ saxeli `<strong>iunkrebi</strong>~ Tqvenia da es ara imitom,<br />
rom iyaviT <strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>Si, aramed imitom, rom iyaviT erTad, erT jgufad,<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> skolis SemadgenlobaSi da SeduRdiT tabaxmelis omSi. iq<br />
daamtkiceT, rom ar momkvdara saqarTvelo, rom gasaWir dros miuxedavad<br />
xelSemSleli pirobebisa, Cven qveyanas aqvs Zala daemsgavsos Zveleburs<br />
saqarTvelos da Tavis wiaRidan wamoayenos Zveli gmirebi, Cveni winaprebi.<br />
vamayob, rom gaxldiT Tqveni ufrosi; vamayob, rom _ ar gewyinoT, _ Cemi<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong> gaxdnen saqarTvelos siamayed; vamayob, rom ucxoeTSi yofnis drosac<br />
Tqven yvelgan xarT pirvelni da saxelis momxveWni.<br />
Cven ver SevimagreT samSoblo; amaSi Tqven brali ar gedebaT: naTqvamia,<br />
Zala aRmarTsa xnavso. Tqven miiReT monawileoba im omSi, romelic Cveni<br />
Svilebis da SvilTa-SvilebisaTvis darCeba siamayed.<br />
arian iseTi pirebi, romelnic sZraxaven Tbilisis brZolas. maT ar<br />
gaegebaT, rom isini amiT Tavis Tavs lafs asxamen, Tavis Tavs lanZRaven; es<br />
ar gaxlavs qarTvelTa Cveuleba, _ es aris rusebisgan SeTvisebuli.<br />
Tqven unda iamayoTa imiT, rom Tqven daibadeT qarTul jarSi, rom omobdiT<br />
qarTul jarSi, rom saxeli moixveWeT qarTul jarSi, rom gmirebi xarT<br />
qarTuli jarisa. iyaviT darwmunebulni, rom is eri, sadac ibadebian<br />
`<strong>iunkrebi</strong>~ da `Seficulni~, is eri ar momkvdara. me ar gisurvebT marto<br />
janmrTelobas da dRegrZelobas. Tqven sxva saqmec gelodebaT. me gisurvebT,<br />
rom roca dro dadgeba, Tqven gamoxvideT asparezze Rirsni Tqveni<br />
winaprebisa, Rirsni Tqveni tabaxmelisa. am gansacdelSi gisurvebT simagres da<br />
gamarjvebas. baraqa Tqvens muSaobas da Tqvens marjvenas.’’<br />
34
g. kvinitaZe<br />
1934 w.<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s gverdiT TavganwirviT ibrZodnen frontze moxalised wasuli<br />
studentebi. axladSeqmnili Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studentebi<br />
pirvelebi gamoexmaurnen saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis<br />
mowodebas da imTaviTve Cadgnen samSoblos damcvelTa rigebSi. 1921 wlis 16<br />
Tebervals, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitets ewvivnen mTavrobis<br />
warmomadgenlebi _ grigol lorTqifaniZe da grigol rcxilaZe.<br />
studentebTan Sexvedra saswavleblis erT-erT did auditoriaSi daiwyo,<br />
Tumca daswrebis msurvelTa raodenoba sul ufro izrdeboda, ris gamoc,<br />
miuxedavad Tebervlis susxiani amindisa, Sexvedris monawileebma<br />
universitetis ezoSi gadainacvles. pirveli sityviT axalgazrdebs grigol<br />
lorTqifaniZem mimarTa da maT wmindaTa wminda movaleobis Sesrulebis_<br />
samSoblos dacvisaken mouwoda. yvelaze didi gavlena studentebze<br />
universitetis reqtoris ivane javaxiSvilis gamosvlam moaxdina. man Semdegi<br />
sityviT mimarTa iq Sekrebil axalgazrdebs: `Svilebo! Cemi movaleobaa Tqven<br />
wignisa da kalmisaken mogiwodoT, magram eris cxovrebaSi aris iseTi<br />
momentebi, roca saWiroa yvelaferi ganze gadasdo da iaraRiT xelSi mters<br />
miegebo. da ai, mec Tqven dRes iaraRisken mogiwodebT~.<br />
am mowodebidan didi dro ar gasula da saqarTvelos gmirTa galereas<br />
mravali saxelovani mamuliSvilis saxeli Seemata. maTi Rvawlis warmoCena da<br />
dafaseba dRevandeli mkvlevaris movaleobaa. komunisturi reJimis<br />
marwuxebSi moqceuli saqarTvelo, ver bedavda maTi saxelebis xmamaRla<br />
warmoTqmas, igive mdgomareobaSi iyvnen am gmirebis ojaxis wevrebi da<br />
axloblebic. universitetSi Sekrebis dResve, studentoba gaemarTa mTavrobis<br />
sasaxlisaken, sadac maT miesalmnen damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris<br />
moadgile aleqsandre lomTaTiZe, demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis<br />
Tavmjdomare noe Jordania da universitetis profesori Salva nucubiZe. iqve<br />
Sedga ramdenime razmi, romelic oqroyana-wavkisis gavliT, pirdapir frontis<br />
xazisaken gaemarTa. 17 Tebervals, swored, imave mimarTulebiT wavida<br />
qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis kursantTa (iunkerTa) 350 kaciani razmi,<br />
saxelovani meTauris aleqsandre CxeiZis xelmZRvanelobiT. maTi gmirobis<br />
Sesaxeb Cven ukve aRvniSneT.<br />
qalebs uars eubnebodnen frontze wamsvlel moxaliseTa razmSi Caweraze,<br />
magram universitetis studenti maro mayaSvili brZolis velze mowyalebis<br />
dad wavida. moxalised Caewera maros Zma _ Salva mayaSvilic. 17 Tebervals,<br />
wiTel jvarSi mowyalebis dad Cawerili meorekurseli mariam mayaSvili<br />
kojrisaken mimaval razms gahyva. am razmma damoukidebeli saqarTvelos<br />
dedaqalaqis dasacavad sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde ibrZola. frontidan<br />
mamisadmi gagzavnil ukanasknel werilSi maro werda: `sayvarelo mama! me<br />
jerjerobiT kargad var. sul erTi poziciisagan 1/2 versze varT, meorisagan<br />
5 Tu 7-ze. mteri jer Sors aris Zalian. scxeben Cvenebi. Zalian<br />
35
aRfrTovanebulebi arian. Salikos (maros Zma l. s.) ambavi gamigeT mxolod.<br />
yvelani Zalian madlierni arian CemiT. gkocniT bevrs. cota Tbili Tu<br />
SesaZlebelia da rame tkbili gamomigzavneT, Tu rasakvirvelia SesaZlebelia.<br />
Tavs gaufrTxildiT, gkocniT bevrs. ise ar civa. mokiTxva yvela Cvenebs. nu<br />
geSiniaT gavimarjvebT saxelovnad. Seni maro~.<br />
19 Tebervals gverdiT gamskdarma yumbaram imsxverpla mariam mayaSvilis<br />
sicocxle. oTxSabaT dRes, 23 Tebervals, 21 iunkerTan erTad, igi <strong>samxedro</strong><br />
taZris ezoSi dakrZales. qvaSueTis taZarSi esvena, samSoblosaTvis<br />
Tavganwirul vaJkacTa cxedrebi, maT Soris iyo TeTri xilabandiT<br />
Tavwakruli, 20 wels miuRweveli gogonas, _ mariam mayaSvilis neSti.<br />
samwuxarod, <strong>samxedro</strong> taZris galavanSi dakrZaluli qarTveli meomrebis,<br />
rogorc <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s, saflavebi aRar SemogvrCa, radgan<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> taZris nangrevebze, samSoblosaTvis Tavganwirul gmirTa<br />
saflavebze, sul mcire droSi borotebis simbolosaviT wamoiWima<br />
gasabWovebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis sasaxle (dRes im adgilze aris<br />
parlamentis Senoba). simboluria, rom swored, aq, qarTveli gmirebis<br />
saflavebze, 1989 wlis 9 aprils, kvlav daiRvara qarTvelTa sisxli, isinic<br />
xom saqarTvelos damoukideblobis moTxovniT iyvnen, iq Sekrebilni da igive<br />
reJimis winaaRmdeg, romelic saqarTveloSi damyarda swored, 1921 wlis<br />
Semdeg, ruseTis wiTeli armiis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da ZaliT<br />
gasabWoebis Sedegad.<br />
yoveli samgloviaro werili, romelic im dros mravlad iyo maSindeli<br />
presis furclebze, (vidre wiTeli armia sabolood daipyrobda saqarTvelos),<br />
yoveli gamosaTxovari, qarTvel gmirebTan, iyo erTi mTliani datireba<br />
damoukidebeli saqarTvelosaTvis Sewiruli meomrebisa, romelTa sagmiro<br />
saqmeebi droebiT daimarxa Tavisufal saqarTvelosTan erTad. diax,<br />
droebiT amas imitom vambob, rom maT xsovnas swored, droebiT miayara<br />
daviwyebis ferfli im reJimma, romlis winaaRmdegac isini ase Seupovrad, ase<br />
TavganwirviT ibrZodnen. madlieri qarTveli eri ar iviwyebs Tavis saxelovan<br />
mamuliSvilebs, maT mier gaRebuli TiToeuli wveTi sisxli iseTive wminda da<br />
spetakia CvenTvis, rogorc Cveni samSoblo _ saqarTvelo. maTi sagmiro<br />
saqmeebi, sabrZolo Tvisebebi, Seudrekeli xasiaTi, dResac siamayiT ganawyobs<br />
Cvens momaval Taobebs.<br />
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dacemis Semdeg, <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s didi<br />
nawili qarTvel generlebTan da oficrebTan erTad, emigraciaSi gaemgzavrnen,<br />
im imediT, rom ucxoeTis <strong>samxedro</strong> saswavleblebSi miRebul codnas, kvlav<br />
samSoblos damoukideblobisaTvis brZolas moaxmardnen. cnobilia<br />
sazRvargareT wasul iunkerTa Semdegi sia: 1. nanuaSvili ivane, 2. maTikaSvili<br />
nikolozi, 3. laRiZe daviTi, 4. abaSiZe vaxtangi, 5. xundaZe genadi, 6.<br />
mrevliSvili giorgi, 7. cibaZe lado, 8. lobJaniZe ilarioni, 9. javaxiSvili<br />
giorgi, 10. somxianci meliqi, 11. kakabaZe ilia, 12. baxutaSvili, 13. kezeli<br />
levani, 14. balaxvaneli saveli, 15. TinikaSvili borisi, 16. abulaZe prokofi,<br />
36
17. kikiani grigoli, 18. yifiani daviTi, 19. yifiani, 20. ratiSvili tato, 21.<br />
laRiZe dimitri, 22. laRiZe lado, 23. furcelaZe pavle, 24. wiTlanaZe<br />
Tadeosi, 15. zautaSvili iosebi, 26. TayaiSvili platoni, 27. nikolaZe SoTa,<br />
28. bokuCava grigoli, 29. maxaraZe lado, 30. dadiani mixeili, 31. erisTavi,<br />
32. iaSvili griSa, 33. baqraZe ivane, 34. ugrexeliZe vitali, 35. CxeiZe<br />
daviTi, 36. CxeiZe grigoli, 37. kobiaSvili svimoni, 38. kvaliaSvili mixeili,<br />
39. nacvliSvili farnaozi, 40. xelaZe, 41. sxirtlaZe arkadi, 42. aRniaSvili<br />
dimitri, 43. yazbegi irakli, 44. lomiZe viqtori, 45. kiknaZe mixeili, 46.<br />
TumaniSvili.<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s didma nawilma, ZiriTadad sazRvargareT, poloneTsa da<br />
safrangeTSi, gaagrZela moRvaweoba. mxolod ramdenime Tu dabrunda<br />
saqarTveloSi. samSoblos momavalze fiqriT damaSvrali <strong>iunkrebi</strong>, elodnen<br />
xelsayrel dros samSobloSi Camosasvlelad. samwuxarod, maTi umravlesoba<br />
mSobliuri miwis nacvlad, ucxoeTSi ganisvenebs. maT Sorisaa iunkeriprokofi<br />
qaixosros Ze abulaZe, quTaiseli kaci, romelic 1931 wlis 22<br />
seqtembers gardaicvala safrangeTis qalaq nicaSi.<br />
yofili iunkeri, emigraciaSi yofnis periodSi Soridan Sestrfoda Tavis<br />
samSoblos; igi iyo mTavari xelmZRvaneli iunkerTa kavSiris beWduri<br />
organosi _ `mxedari~. aq, `reo amoni-s~ fsevdonimiT igi aTavsebda mSvenier<br />
leqsebs samSobloze. erT-erT Tavis leqsSi _ `gzaze~, yofili iunkeri ase<br />
umReris monatrebul Tbiliss:<br />
`Tbiliso gaxsovs bevri ambebi,<br />
aTasi wlebi Sens ferxTan hyria;<br />
Semogirkinavs tans darabebi<br />
da istoriam ver dagamtvria...<br />
poetebs asmev sicocxles peSviT;<br />
Taflisfer kalTebs surnel-mTvarians,<br />
dagikocnian mwyurvale eSxiT,<br />
aJRerebulni SenTan arian~.<br />
qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis <strong>iunkrebi</strong> momavalSi kidev ufro Rirseul<br />
adgils daiWeren saqarTvelos istoriis furclebze. maTi sagmiro saqmeebi<br />
Taobidan Taobas gadaecema. miuxedavad azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa Tebervlis omTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, yvela Tanxmdeba erT rameSi: qarTvelma iunkrebma bolomde<br />
TavganwirviT ibrZoles. 17-19 wlis ymawvilebi, TbilisTan brZolaSi<br />
sakuTari mkerdiT akavebdnen bolSevikebis Semotevebs. omis Sedegebis<br />
Sefasebisas emigraciaSi myofi generali Saqro baqraZe, romelic uSualod<br />
monawileobda brZolebSi, omSi damarcxebis mizezebis Sefasebisas 1934 wels<br />
werda: `droa simarTles Ria TvalebiT SevxedoT. rac unda igi mware ar<br />
iyos, romelmac dagvRupa; amis mizezebi unda gamoirkvnen da amitom namdvil<br />
faqtebs unda gavuwioT angariSi. es aris yvela qarTvelis movaleoba<br />
samSoblos winaSe, da aravis ara aqvs ufleba simarTlis gamoqveyneba sawyenad<br />
miiRos, raTa es aris saerTo saqme, (es yvelaferi l. s.) samSoblos saxeliT<br />
37
da mis sasargeblod keTdeba, da ara piradis. es erTi, meore isaa, Tu amaSi<br />
rame sawyenia, yvela qarTvelisaTvis erTnairad aris sawyeni, rac moxda es<br />
ukve istoriam Caibara, da yvela Cvengani movalea istoriul gamorkvevas<br />
xeli Seuwyos da gauadvilos swori daskvnis gamotana, raTa amis saSualebiT<br />
momavalSi gavasworoT Cveni Secdomebi~. SeuZlebelia ar daeTanxmo qarTvel<br />
generals. warsuli istoriis Seulamazeblad, obieqturad warmoCena Tavidan<br />
agvacilebs, istoriis ama Tu im periodSi daSvebul Secdomebs. swored, amaze<br />
ityoda vaJa fSavela: `istoria imdenad warsulisaTvis ar iwereba ramdenadac<br />
awmyosaTvis, awmyos cxovrebisaTvis, igi gvafrTxilebs Secdomebisagan da<br />
gvaqezebs keTilisaken. vxedavT mizezs da mizezTan erTad Sedegs, Secdomas~.<br />
marTlac, rom asea: istoria, SesaZloa zustad ver gvaswavlis ra<br />
vakeToT, magram gvkarnaxobs ra ar gavakeToT.<br />
Tbilisis misadgomebTan amsaxveli brZolebis <strong>samxedro</strong> rukebi:<br />
(rukebi aRebulia al. CxeiZis naSromidan `<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>~,<br />
Jurn., `mxedari~, #13, parizi 1933w.)<br />
1. ruka #1<br />
38
2. ruka #2<br />
3. ruka #3<br />
39
danarTi<br />
qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis Semadgenloba 1921 w.<br />
(monacamebi aRebulia al. CxeiZis naSromidan `<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>~, Jurn. `mxedari~ #13,<br />
parizi, 1933w.)<br />
generali kvinitaZe _ pirveli skolis ufrosi: 15. 8. 1919 wlidan 1.10.1920<br />
wlamde.<br />
generali andronikaSvili _ 1.10.1920 wlidan 16.2.1921 wlamde.<br />
polkovniki CxeiZe _ skolis ufrosis TanaSemwe da nacvalTa aTaseulis<br />
ufrosi _ frontze gasvlis dRidan _ skolis ufrosi.<br />
kapitani xelaSvili _ skolis adiutanti.<br />
saswavlo nawili<br />
polkovniki Cxetiani, Semdeg polkovniki veziriSvili _ klasebis inspeqtori.<br />
leitenanti andronikaSvili _ wignsawyobis gamge.<br />
samneo nawili<br />
maiori mesxeli _ skolis mne.<br />
kapitani maxarobliZe _ molare.<br />
leitenanti mWedliSvili _ mebine.<br />
sasanitaro nawili<br />
kalandaraSvili mose _ ufrosi eqimi.<br />
iSxneli mixeili _ umcrosi eqimi.<br />
samwyobro nawili<br />
iunkerTa aseuli<br />
maiori ananiaSvili; kapitani Savdia; kapitani CoCua; kapitani xoStaria;<br />
kapitani jafariZe; kapirani qarumiZe _ artileria; kapitani ToiZe _ inJineri;<br />
kapitani sulxaniSvili.<br />
nacvalTa aTaseuli<br />
pirveli aseuli: maiori gardafxaZe, kapitani maWavariani, kapitani adamiZe.<br />
meore aseuli: maiori abulaZe, kapitani baluaSvili, kapitani alaviZe,<br />
kapitani WiWinaZe.<br />
mesame aseuli: maiori baluaSvili, kapitani gvasalia, kapitani revia, kapitani<br />
sanikiZe.<br />
sanapiro aseuli: maiori simaSvili, kapitani yifiani.<br />
tyviamfrqvevelebis aseuli: maiori ServaSiZe, kapitani aroniSiZe, kapitani<br />
ardaziani, kapitani mWedliSvili.<br />
40
atarea: maiori baxutaSvili, kapitani barnabiSvili, kapitani yaralaSvili,<br />
kapitani qavTaraZe.<br />
cxenosani mwyobri: leitenanti mayaSvili,<br />
tabaxmelaze brZolis dros Tavis nebiT mosulebi: leitenanti erisTavi,<br />
leitenanti baramiZe, leitenanti suluxia, leitenanti TavZeraZe.<br />
<strong>iunkrebi</strong>s sia qveiTTa aseuli<br />
(siaSi aris moyvanili 152 iunkeri; amaTgani _ 4 saavadmyofoSi iyo, 12 iyo gagzavnili<br />
rekrutebis mosayvanad gamomwvev punqtebze da 18 gadacemulni iyvnen tyviamfrqvevel<br />
aseulSi; amnairad im aseulSi, romelic ibrZoda tabaxmelasTan, imyofeboda 118 iunkeri.)<br />
abaSiZe varlam, abaSiZe konstantine, avaliani Salva, amirajibi dimitri,<br />
andronikaSvili arCil, andronikaSvili giorgi, asaTiani mamuka, axvlediani<br />
aleqsandre, aRlaZe irakli, afxaiZe timoTe, aRniaSvili nikoloz, arjevaniZe<br />
aleqsandre, barnabiSvili ivane, barnabiSvili mixeili, baxutaSvili simon,<br />
baramiZe benia, baqraZe ivane, balaxvaneli saveli, bokuCava grigol, gabunia<br />
konstantine, gegeWkori valerian, geTia mixeil, gelaZe mixeil, gelaSvili<br />
spiridon, genZexaZe Salva, gogolaSvili nikoloz, gordeziani ambrosi,<br />
gigineiSvili vasil, giorgaZe vladimer, glovacki aleqsandre, daTebaSvili<br />
akaki, danelia nikoloz, dgebuaZe nikoloz, doliZe platon, donaZe gedevan,<br />
erqomaiSvili aleqsandre, erisTavi Salva, vaCnaZe daviT, vaxvaxiSvili<br />
nikoloz, vefxvaZe ivane, zautaSvili ioseb, zaldastanaSvili giorgi,<br />
zedgeniZe giorgi, TayaiSvili platon, TarxaniSvili aleqsandre, TinikaSvili<br />
boris, iaSvili grigol, iaSvili konstantine, iaSvili aleqsandre, iaSvili<br />
simon, ivaniZe nikoloz, iosava abesalom, ioseliani timoTe, kakabaZe daviT,<br />
kakabaZe ilia, kandelaki levan, kavkasiZe vladimer, kalandaraSvili daviT,<br />
kasraZe vasil, kvaracxelia grigol, kvaliaSvili mixeil, kvikviniZe<br />
mixeil,kvinixiZe mixeil, kekuaZe klementi, kelenjeriZe daviT, kezeli<br />
levan, kereseliZe ivane, kobiaSvili simon, kinwuraSvili aleqsandre,<br />
kumaritaSvili aleqsandre, lafauri nikoloz, laRiZe vladimer,<br />
lobJaniZe ilarion, lorTqifaniZe oTar, lorTqifaniZe aleqsandre,<br />
lorTqifaniZe irakli,lolaZe konstantine, lolua mixeil, lomkaci giorgi,<br />
leJava vasil, losaberiZe gobron, mataxeria lavrenti, mayaSvili boris,<br />
maCabeli ivane, mamuCaiSvili daviT, markozaSvili lavrenti, maTikaSvili<br />
nikoloz, mdivani daviT, mirzaSvili revaz, morCaZe daviT,mrelaSvili giorgi,<br />
mWedliSvili apolon, nanuaSvili ivane, nikolaiSvili nikoloz, odiSeliZe<br />
giorgi, oqropiriZe zaqaria, oqropiriZe ioseb, omaraSvili meofite,<br />
saRinaSvili nikoloz, saRinaSvili giorgi (1), saRinaSvili giorgi (2),<br />
saRinaSvili evgrafi, samxaraZe bagrat, somxianci meliqi, sidamon - erisTavi<br />
ilia, sisakianci arami, simoniSvili ivane, sxirtlaZe arkadi, tatiSvili<br />
zurab, tatiSvili aleqsandre, turaSvili aleqsanre, toroyaSvili mixeil,<br />
tyeSelaSvili irakli, ugrexeliZe vitali, fanculaia aleqsandre,<br />
41
favleniSvili revaz,feraZe pavle, furcelaZe giorgi, fxakaZe vasil, qajaia<br />
vasil, qoSulia mixeil, yifiani daviT, Savdia daviT, SvangiraZe onisime,<br />
CaCibaia klementi, CaCava mixeil, CiloCava aleqsandre, CxeiZe grigol,<br />
cercvaZe zaqaria, ciciSvili konstantine, cqitiSvili giorgi, ZuliaSvili<br />
giorgi, wiklauri vladimer, WiRlaZe solomon, WinWaraZe aleqsandre (1),<br />
WinWaraZe aleqsandre (2), WoRoSvili sergi, ximSiaSvili aleqsandre,<br />
xinveli isaki, xidirbegiSvili (), xuciSvili dimitri, xundaZe gedevan,<br />
javaxiSvili giorgi (1), javaxiSvili giorgi (2), jandieri ilia, jandieri<br />
ioseb, jandieri arCil, jafariZe aleqsandre, jafariZe nikoloz (1), jafariZe<br />
nikoloz (2), jamaspiSvili ivane, jankvetaZe vaxtang.<br />
sainJinro ganyofileba<br />
abaSiZe simon, baluaSvili giorgi, varsiaSvili nikoloz, iakobaSvili pavle,<br />
kikiani grigol, riJamaZe melenti, feraZe isidore, xelaZe valerian, cibaZe<br />
vladimer, Wubabria daviT.<br />
saartilerio ganyofileba<br />
abulaZe prokofi, baqraZe vaxtang, verulaSvili vasil, ToxaZe nikoloz,<br />
isakandraSvili vaxtang, laRiZe daviT, maxaraZe vladimer, nikolaZe SoTa,<br />
ratiSvili giorgi, rcxilaZe nikoloz, sidamon - erisTavi nikoloz,<br />
furcelaZe Salva, RoRoberiZe mixeil, wiTlanaZe Tadeoz,xuxuni klementi.<br />
cxenosani ganyofieleba<br />
dadiani mixeil, vaCnaZe ivane, laRiZe dimitri, nacvliSvili farnaoz, miqaZe<br />
sergo.<br />
1920 w. 2 maiss<br />
mokluli iunkeri<br />
iunkeri mayaSvili mixeil.<br />
iunkeri kikiani grigol.<br />
daWrili<br />
1921 w. omis dros tabaxmelaze mokluli oficrebi:<br />
maiori ananiaSvili _ aseulis ufrosi, kapitani ToiZe _ sainJinero<br />
ganyofilebis ufrosi.<br />
daWrili oficrebi:<br />
kapitnebi: Savdia, xoStaria, CoCua, yifiani.<br />
leitenantebi: andronikaSvili, erisTavi, mWedliSvili.<br />
mokluli <strong>iunkrebi</strong>:<br />
axvlediani aleqsandre, doliZe platon, erisTavi Salva,iakobaSvili pavle,<br />
42
kandelaki levan, lorTqifaniZe oTar, lolua mixeil, jandieri ilia,<br />
jandieri ioseb.<br />
daWrili <strong>iunkrebi</strong>:<br />
abaSiZe varlam, avaliSvili Salva, amirajibi dimitri, asaTiani mamuka, aRlaZe<br />
irakli, baluaSvili giorgi, gordeziani ambrosi, giorgaZe vladimer, dgebuaZe<br />
nikoloz, vaxvaxiSvili nikoloz, vefxvaZe ivane, zautaSvili ioseb,<br />
zaldastaniSvili giorgi, iaSvili aleqsandre, iaSvili simon, iaSvili<br />
konstantine, iosava abesalom, kezeli levan, kumaritaSvili aleqsandre,<br />
lolaZe konstantine, lorTqifaniZe aleqsandre, mamuCaiSvili daviT, morCaZe<br />
daviT, mirzaSvili revazi, saRinaSvili giorgi (1), saRinaSvili giorgi (2),<br />
saRinaSvili nikoloz, simoniSvili giorgi, samxaraZe bagrat, tatiSvili<br />
aleqsandre, tatiSvili zurab, feraZe isidore, qajaia vasil, Savdia daviT,<br />
CxeiZe grigol, cqitiSvili giorgi, WiRlaZe solomon,xuciSvili dimitri,<br />
xinveli isaki, xidirbegiSvili (), jafariZe nikolozi (1), jafariZe<br />
nikolozi (2), wiklauri vladimeri.<br />
amgvarad, mokluli da daWrili iyo 53 iunkeri, ori maTgani iyo<br />
gamnaRmveli, danarCeni 51 ki qveiTTa aseulidan iyo, am aseuls orjer<br />
gamoecvala oficrebis Semadgenloba.<br />
damatebiTi sia<br />
qarTuli <strong>samxedro</strong> skolis daxvretili oficrebis da <strong>iunkrebi</strong>s sia<br />
generali andronikaSvili (skolis ukanaskneli ufrosi), maiori gardafxaZe<br />
(iunkerTa aseulis pirveli ufrosi), maiori baxutaSvili (skolis batareis<br />
ufrosi), <strong>iunkrebi</strong>: andronikaSvili giorgi, zedgeniZe giorgi, iaSvili,<br />
iskandaraSvili vaxtang, kereseliZe ivane, favleniSvili revaz, jamaspiSvili<br />
ivane, jandieri arCil.<br />
skolis profesorebi<br />
1919 _ 1921 wlebSi<br />
gen. St. generali kvinitaZe _ taqtika, <strong>samxedro</strong> istoria.<br />
gen. St. generali zaqariaZe _ taqtika.<br />
gen. St. generali andronikaSvili _ taqtika, topografia.<br />
gen. St. generali benaSvili _ topografia.<br />
generali arjevaniZe _ topografia.<br />
generali i. gedevaniSvili _ <strong>samxedro</strong> istoria.<br />
inJ. generali TayaiSvili _ fortifikacia, meqanika, masalebis winaaRmdegoba.<br />
inJ. generali TumaniSvili _ fortifikacia.<br />
art. polkovniki SkabiCi _ artileria, srolis Teoria.<br />
art. polkovniki m. gedevaniSvili _ zarbaznebis agebuleba, SigniTa balistika.<br />
inJ. polkovniki guramiSvili _ fortifikacia.<br />
polkovniki vaxvaxiSvili _ fortifikacia.<br />
43
gen. St. polkovniki n. gedevaniSvili _ taqtika.<br />
gen. St. polkovniki CeCelaSvili _ <strong>samxedro</strong> geografia.<br />
polkovniki cxakaia _ <strong>samxedro</strong> administracia.<br />
intend. polk. ciciSvili _ <strong>samxedro</strong> administracia.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> eqimi kalandaraSvili _ <strong>samxedro</strong> higiena.<br />
maiori cxakaia _ topografia.<br />
profesori ivane javaxiSvili _ istoria.<br />
vasil barnovi _ qarTuli literatura.<br />
qarTuli jaris organizacia 1919 w. Statebis mixedviT:<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> ministri:<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> ministris piradi ganyofileba,<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> ministris kancelaria,<br />
topografiuli ganyofileba.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> sabWo: samneo ganyofileba:<br />
sabiujeto, sasursaTo, sabargo-sanivTo, teqnikuri, saartilerio, sasanitaro,<br />
sabeiTlo, binaTa, kancelaria.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> saministros ganyofilebani:<br />
Tbilisis sadarajo aTaseuli,<br />
sanapiro razmebi (soxumi, foTi, axalcixe, Sulaveri, Tbilisi, duSeTi).<br />
generaluri Stabis ganyofilebani:<br />
saoperacio seqcia:<br />
samwyobro, samobilizacio, mzveravi, <strong>samxedro</strong> mimosvlis da kavSiris<br />
ganyofilebani.<br />
sazRvao seqcia:<br />
arqivis wignTsacavi, <strong>samxedro</strong> aRricxvis nawili, <strong>samxedro</strong> ataSeebi,<br />
kancelaria, sami saarmio brigada.<br />
brigadaSi:<br />
oTxi qveiTi aTaseuli, erTi artileriis divizioni.<br />
mcire gundebi:<br />
kavSiris, mzveravis, umwyobro, mesakraveTa.<br />
saarmio artileriis divizioni:<br />
sam-diumiani savele batarea, mZime eqvs-diumiani batarea, 48 cent. 4 zarbazani.<br />
44
cxenosani razmi:<br />
oTxi eskadroni (erTi tyviismfrqvevlis), saswavlo, kavSiris, mesangreta,<br />
mesakraveTa.<br />
mesangreTa aTaseuli:<br />
mesangreTa ori gundi, satelegrafo ori gundi.<br />
avtomobilTa gundi:<br />
avtomobilTa sami mwyobri, erTi javSnosani mwyobri.<br />
saaviacio gundi:<br />
saaviacio gundi, <strong>samxedro</strong> saaviacio <strong>skola</strong>.<br />
radio-telegrafis gundi:<br />
ori mudmivi sadguri, ori savele sadguri, erTi parki.<br />
<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>:<br />
iunkerTa gundi, nacvalTa aTaseuli.<br />
ganyofilebani: qveiTi<br />
cxenosani, artileriis, sainJinro.<br />
45
fotosuraTebi aRebulia Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis emigraciis muzeumis guram SaraZis piradi fondidan<br />
giorgi kvinitaZe<br />
aleqsandre CxeiZe<br />
aleqsandre andronikaSvili<br />
kadetTa korpusi<br />
46
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni*<br />
antanta _ <strong>samxedro</strong> bloki, romelic Camoyalibda 1914 wels. masSi<br />
Sediodnen: inglisi, safrangeTi, ruseTi, italia.<br />
boris ZnelaZe _ saqarTvelos komkavSiris erT-erTi damaarsebeli, romlis<br />
Zegli idga aleqsandres baRis qveda nawilSi da aiRes XX s-is 90-ian w-Si.<br />
areopagia _ aq saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis<br />
Tavmjdomare noe Jordania gulisxmobs im droisaTvis arsebul evropul<br />
saerTaSoriso organizaciebs.<br />
damfuZnebeli kreba _ saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis<br />
1919 wlis 31 ianvris dadgenilebiT, Sewyda misi moRvaweoba da dainiSna<br />
damfuZnebeli krebis arCevnebi. amave wlis 12 marts, TbilisSi mowveuli iqna<br />
damfuZnebeli kreba, romlis Tavmjdomared arCeuli iyo cnobili socialdemokrati<br />
nikoloz (karlo) CxeiZe. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis<br />
damfuZnebeli kreba, warmoadgenda sakanonmdeblo da kontrolis gamwev<br />
organos. mis funqciebs Seadgenda: saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis<br />
konstituciis SemuSaveba, mTavrobis Seqmna, sxvadassxva kanonebisa da<br />
debulebebis miReba- damtkiceba, jarisa da flotis ganmtkiceba, biujetis<br />
ganxilva da damtkiceba.<br />
damfuZnebeli kreba likvidirebul iqna saqarTvelos revkom-is 1921 wlis<br />
#7 dadgenilebis ZaliT, saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis<br />
gamo.<br />
de iure – qveynis iuridiulad cnoba (aRiareba).<br />
kiazim kara beqiri _ osmaleTis jarebis erT-erTi mxedarTmTavari XX s-is<br />
20-ian wlebSi.<br />
nacvali _ Zveli ruseTis armiis ocmeTauri.<br />
rkp (b) _ ruseTis komunisturi partiis bolSevikebis komiteti.<br />
trocki _ aris fsevdonimi bolSevikuri ruseTis erT-erTi organizatorisa<br />
da <strong>samxedro</strong> sabWos Tavmjdomaris, _ lev daviTis Ze bronSteinis.<br />
`Ceka“ _ gansakuTrebuli sagamoZiebo komiteti, rusuli sityvebis<br />
`Чрезвичайнный комитет“ dasawyisisgan aris Sedgenili. es organizacia<br />
daundoblad ebrZoda sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi kritikulad ganwyobil<br />
pirebs.<br />
47
gamoyenebuli literatura da wyaroebi:<br />
• avaliSvili z., `saqarTvelos damoukidebloba 1918-1921 wlebis<br />
saerTaSoriso politikaSi~, parizi, 1924; Tb., 1929.<br />
• bendianiSvili al., `saqarTvelos pirveli respublika (1918-1921 ww)~.<br />
• gabaSvili r., `rac maxsovs~ qarTul emigrantuli literatura,<br />
`dabruneba~ t. III Tb., 1992.<br />
• guruli v., vaCnaZe m. `saqarTvelos axali da uaxlesi istoriis<br />
sakiTxebi~, Tb., 1998.<br />
• dauSvili r., `ambavi kidev erTi iunkerisa~ (eZRvneba vano baqraZes),<br />
gaz. `saqarTvelos respublika~, 23 Tebervali 1991.<br />
• zurabiSvili iv. `saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba~ parizi 1935<br />
• inasariZe k., `patara oqros xana~, miunxeni 1984.<br />
• kvinitaZe g., respublikis SeiaraRebul ZalTa mTavarsardlis brZaneba,<br />
gaz. `erToba~, #209, 14 seqtemberi, 1920.<br />
• kvinitaZis g., mimarTva: Cems iunkrebs, Jurn. `mxedari~, rveuli me-10,<br />
parizi, 1934.<br />
• kvinitaZe g., `mogonebebi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis wlebSi 1917-<br />
1921 w.w.~ gamomc. `lomisi~, Tbilisi 1998.<br />
• Квинитадзе Г. И., `Мои воспоминания в годи независимости Груии 1917-<br />
1921~ , `Умса-пресс~, Париж, 1985.<br />
• kvinitaZe g., SaraZe g., `ucxoeTis cis qveS~, wigni I, Tb., `merani~,<br />
1991 w., gv. 84-93.<br />
• lorTqifaniZe gr., `fiqrebi saqarTveloze~ Tbilisi, 1995.<br />
• manveliSvili al., `ruseTi da saqarTvelos damoukidebloba~, san<br />
francisko, 1884.<br />
• Manvelichvili A., `Histoire de Georgie~. Nouvelle editions de la Toison d’or,<br />
Paris, 1951.<br />
• Jurnali `mxedari~, # 11, parizi, 1931.<br />
• nanuaSvili v., `<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>~, Jurnali `mxedari~, (qarTvel<br />
iunkerTa kavSiris organo), #1, parizi, ivnisi, 1929.<br />
• Jordania n., `Cemi warsuli~ (mogonebebi), parizi, 1953 w., Tb., 1990.<br />
• ramiSvili ak., il.WavWavaZis sax. parlamentis erovnuli biblioTekaSi<br />
daculi piradi arqivi.<br />
• ramiSvili n., `saqarTvelo da ruseTi~, parizi, 1924.<br />
• saiTiZe g., `pirze Rimili SerCaT im gmirebs…~ Jurnali `raindi~<br />
(qaquca ColoyaSvilis sruliad saqarTvelos Coxosan raindTa dasi),<br />
#1, 2008.<br />
• Trotski L., `Entre l’imperialisme et la revolution~, Paris, 1923, p: 78.<br />
• Ferrand Jacques, `Familles princieres de Georgie~, Paris, 1983, p: 123.<br />
48
• RvenefaZe n., `pirveli msxverpli qali~ (eZRvneba maro mayaSvils), gaz.<br />
`saqarTvelos respublika~, 23 Tebervali 1991.<br />
• SaraZe g., Tbilisis iv javaxiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
emigraciis muzeumSi daculi piradi fondi da fotoebi.<br />
• CxeiZe al., `Cemi mogonebebis ganmartebani gamowveuli kritikiT~, Jurn.<br />
`mxedari~, #16, 1933, gv. 56.<br />
• CxeiZe al., `<strong>samxedro</strong> <strong>skola</strong>~, Juran. `mxedari~, #13, parizi, 1933.<br />
• cxakaia v., `cota ram gen. al. CxeiZis mogonebaze’~, Jurn. `mxedari~,<br />
#14-15, parizi, aprili-ivlisi, 1933.<br />
• xubuluri l., `sadaursa sad waiyvan bedo~ (eZRvneba mixeil<br />
kvaliaSvils), gaz. `komunisti~, 23ivnisi, gv: 3, 1990.<br />
• janeliZe o., `saqarTvelos erovnul-demokratiuli partia 1917-1923<br />
wlebSi~, Tb., 1999.<br />
• janeliZe o., `spiridon kedia (politikuri portreti), Tb., 2002.<br />
49
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