kartofilis CrCili
kartofilis CrCili
kartofilis CrCili
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<strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong><br />
Phthorimaea operculella Zell<br />
razmi qerclfrTianebi --- lepidoptera<br />
ojaxi ------ Gelechidae<br />
2008-2009 wels saqarTveloSi bolnisisa da marneulis<br />
municipalitetebis teritoriebze <strong>kartofilis</strong> naTesebsa da sacavebSi<br />
dafiqsirda saSiSi sakarantino mavnebeli <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>.<br />
2009 wlis saSemodgomo gamokvlevebiT mavneblis gavrceleba aRiniSna<br />
bolnisis municipalitetis mTel teritoriaze 2900 ha-ze da moicva<br />
marneulis municipalitetis <strong>kartofilis</strong> naTesebis umetesi nawili 356 ha.<br />
dmanisis raionSi aRiniSna mavneblis gavrcelebis erTeuli kera.<br />
M mavneblisgan Tavisufali zonebia:<br />
TeTriwyaros, walkis, ninowmindis, axalqalaqis, axalcixis, aspinZis,<br />
adigenis, TianeTis, duSeTis municipalitetebi, svaneTis, kaxeTis<br />
regionebi.<br />
<strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>T ziandeba Semdegi kulturebi: kartofili<br />
(gorglebi da vegetatiuri nawili), badrijani, Tambaqo, pomidori (nayofi<br />
da vegetatiuri nawili), wiwaka; veluri mcenareebidan azianebs ontkofas,<br />
ZaRlyurZenas, lemas, beladonas, ZaRlyurZenasebrTa sxva<br />
warmomadgenlebs<br />
geografiuli gavrceleba. evropa: espaneTi, portugalia, safrangeTi,<br />
italia, saberZneTi, , albaneTi, bulgareTi, yof. iugoslaviis qveynebi,
kunZulebi –sicilia, malta; ukraina, moldaveTi, saqarTvelo, ruseTi<br />
(krasnodaris mxare, rostovis olqi); azia: iaponia, korea, CineTi,<br />
vietnami, indoeTi, pakistani, mianma, irani, erayi, avRaneTi, siria, TurqeTi,<br />
kunZulebi - kviprosi, sumatra, iava; afrika: alJiri, kenia, kongo, ,<br />
maroko, siera-leone, kunZulebi – azoris, kanaris, mavrikiis; CrdiloeT<br />
da samxreT amerika (mimdebare kunZulebiT): kanada, aSS, meqsika,<br />
gvatemala, salvadori, nikaragua, hondurasi, kosta-rika, panama, kuba,<br />
dominikis respublika, puerto-riko, santo-domingo, iamaika, kolumbia,<br />
venesuela, ekvadori, peru, brazilia, bolivia, paragvai, urugvai, Cili,<br />
kunZulebi trinidadi, tobago; avstralia da okeaniis kunZulebi.<br />
mavneoba: savele pirobebSi <strong>kartofilis</strong> naTesebze <strong>CrCili</strong>T dasaxleba<br />
aRwevs 80-90%-s, xolo gorglebis dazianeba 75-85%-s (marneuli,<br />
lomTagora), analogiurad siZlieriT mavneobs Senaxvis pirobebSic (ar<br />
viTardeba +4°C dabla).<br />
iaponiasa da indoeTSi mavnebeli 60-80%-iT anadgurebs Tambaqos<br />
mosavals mindorSi da kartofils Senaxvis pirobebSi.<br />
morfologia: <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>s pepela ruxi ferisaa, momcro<br />
zomis. mSvid mdgomareobaSi frTebi dakecili aqvs zurgze.<br />
M suraTi 1. <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>s pepela mosvenebul mdgomareobaSi<br />
mdedris wina frTebi gaSlil mdgomareobaSi 12-15 mm-ia, mamris 10-12<br />
mm, Ria nacrisferi, SuaSi oxris (Jangmiwis) feris niSniT, frTis nakecis<br />
gaswvriv moSavo feris zoliT, romelic orive mxridan moTeTro<br />
wertilebiT aris SemosazRvruli. frTis zeda nawilSi ori moSavo<br />
wertili aqvs, romelTagan qveda fuZesTanaa axlos. ganiv ZarRvze<br />
SedarebiT didi moSavo laqa aqvs, romelic nacrisferi zoliT aris<br />
Semovlebuli. frTebis boloebze mozrdili muqi wertilovani zoli<br />
gasdevs. wina frTebis jinjilebi Ria nacrisferia, Sida mxridan<br />
dafaruli muqi fifqiT, ukana frTebi moyviTalo feris jinjiliT.<br />
jinjila frTaze grZelia, Qqveda mxare nacrisferi aqvs. Mmamrebis wina<br />
frTebze nakecis gaswvrivi Savi zolis gverdebze orive mxares moTeTro<br />
xazebia, romelTa Tavze ori Savi mcire zomis wertilia.
ulvaSebi ruxi feris, mkveTrad danawevrebuli. wina da Sua fexebi Ria<br />
nacrisferi, romelic gareTa mxridan moyavisfro fifqiT aris dafaruli,<br />
ukana fexebi moyviTeloa, yavisferi TaTebiT, momcro bewvebiT. muceli<br />
zemodan moyavisfro-ruxia, qvemodan moTeTro-ruxi. Mmamris muclis bolo<br />
nawevari sxeulis sigrZis 1/3 –ia. gverdebSi CamoSvebulia da dafruli<br />
xSiri, ruxi feris jagris konebiT.<br />
erTi SexedviT pepela muqi ferisaa, frTebis fifqi sxvadasxva ferad<br />
brwyinavs da sul grZeli jinjilebiTaa garsSemovlebuli.<br />
Kkvercxi TeTri an mokremisfero, ovaluri 0.4-0.5 mm sigrZisa da 0.4 mm<br />
siganis. Kkvercxebi dafarulia sekretiT, garsi gluvia, mcired badisebri<br />
naxaziT. Canasaxis ganviTarebasTan erTad kvercxi muqdeba.<br />
A axladgamoCekili matli uferulia, Ria vardisferi an momwvano, muqi<br />
yavisferi TaviT da wina zurgis fariT, 1,2mm sigrZis.<br />
zrdasruli matli moyviTalo-movardisfro an moyviTalo-momwvanoa<br />
miRebuli sakvebis mixedviT, SuaSi mkrTali sigrZivi zoliT. wina fexebi<br />
Savia,sxeulis sigrZe 10-13mm, sigane 1.5mm. matli romelic <strong>kartofilis</strong><br />
gorglebiT ikvebeba, bevrad Ria ferisaa, vidre misi miwiszeda<br />
nawilebiT an badrijniT, TambaqoTi, pamidvriT mkvebavi matlebi.<br />
Mmucelze jagrebis fuZeSi patara farakebia , muqi ruxi da kargad<br />
SesamCnevi.<br />
Wupri viTardeba movercxlifero-moruxo feris parkSi, Wupris sigrZe<br />
5.5-5.6 mm-ia.<br />
suraTi 2. <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>s matli<br />
M biologia. mavnebeli zamTrobs matlis an QWupris fazaSi mcenareuli<br />
narCenebis qveS niadgis zeda fenaSi. pepela gamofrindeba adre<br />
gazafxulze da bunebaSi gvxvdeba oqtombris bolomde. isini aqtiurebi<br />
arian mzis Casvlis Semdeg da ganTiadisas, dRisiT ki sxedan patron<br />
mcenaris foTlebis qveda mxares. Mmdedri pepela ganayofirebis Semdeg<br />
iwyebs kvercxdebas. Kkvercxebis ZiriTad nawils debs ganayofirebidan<br />
pirvel dRes. Tumca pepela cocxlobs 2-3 kviras da kvercxdeba SeiZleba<br />
gaagrZelos xelaxali ganayofierebis Semdeg. Kkveercxs debs jgufebad an<br />
erTeuli saxiT foTlebze, yunwebze, Reroebze, niadagiT daufarav<br />
<strong>kartofilis</strong> gorglebze, ufro iSviaTad niadagSi (mindorSi) da<br />
sacavebSi <strong>kartofilis</strong> gorglebze Tvlebis CaRrmavebaSi, bzarebSi,<br />
meqanikurad dazianebul adgilebSi da gorgalze mikrul miwis<br />
goroxebSi.<br />
M mdedris nayofireba 160-200 kvercxia. Eembrionaluri ganviTareba 3-10<br />
dRes grZeldeba garemo pirobebidan gamomdinare.
GgamoCekili matlebi sakvebis ZiebaSi aqtiurad gadaadgildebian.<br />
SeWris win sxeulis garSemo qsoven ablabudas Tavis dasacavad. PSemdeg<br />
parenqimis amoWmiT foTlebSi da ReroebSi akeTeben naRmebs. <strong>kartofilis</strong><br />
gorglebSi umetesad iWrebian Tvlebidan.<br />
temperaturidan gamomdinare matlis ganiTareba 11-14 dRes grZeldeba<br />
da 4 – jer icvlis kans anu aqvs 5 asaki.<br />
M matlebi advilad itanen temperaturis mkveTr cvalebadobas,<br />
gorglebis gayinvisas isini cocxali rCebian. GganviTarebis damTavrebis<br />
Semdeg toveben gorglebs, foTlebs , Reroebs da sxvadasxva mofarebul<br />
adgilebSi ( nagvis grovaSi, tomrebze, iatakis napralebSi) qsoven<br />
naklebad SesamCnev parks, romlis zedapirze awebeben miwisa da nagvis<br />
koStebs Dda Wuprdebian. Wupris faza 6-8 dRes grZeldeba. am mavneblis<br />
yvela stadiisaTvis letalur temperaturas warmoadgens -4Å°C da +36°C<br />
da zeviT. K<strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong> saqarTveloSi savaraudod dabal zonaSi<br />
iZleva 6-7 Taobas.<br />
K <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>s gamovlena vizualuri daTvalierebisas sakmaod<br />
rTulia, gansakuTrebiT bunebaSi, radgan is farul cxovrebas eweva.<br />
mcenaris zeda nawilebis dazianebisas is gamoRrRnis foTlis parenqimis<br />
1/2-1/3 –s. am dros Semosasvlel xvrelTan SeiniSneba Txel ablabudaSi<br />
Cakruli eqskrementebi. Mmatli foTolSi akeTebs naRmebs mTvar ZarRvsa<br />
da mis ganStoebebSi, foTlebs axvevs ablabudaSi, yunwSi SeWrisas is<br />
RrRnis yunwis SigTavss, ris gamoc foToli kvdeba.<br />
Tu matli saxldeba ReroSi, maSin mcenaris dazianebis adgilis zeda<br />
nawili kvdeba. (suraTi 3.)<br />
suraTi 3. <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>s matlis mier dazianebuli Rero
suraTi 4. <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>T dazianebuli foToli<br />
suraTi 5. <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>T dazianebuli pomidvris foTlebi
suraTi 6. <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>T dazianebuli <strong>kartofilis</strong> gorglebi<br />
Mmavneblis aRmoCena vizualuri daTvalierebiT SedarebiT iolia<br />
<strong>kartofilis</strong> gorgalze. <strong>kartofilis</strong> gorglis dazianebis garegnuli<br />
niSnebia mis zedapirze eqskrementebis dagroveba, gansakuTrebiT gorglis<br />
TvlebTan. matlis sasvlelebis zemoT <strong>kartofilis</strong> kanis SeSroba da<br />
danaoWeba. Mmatlis sasvlelebi gorgalSi 2-3 mm diametrisaa, savsea<br />
eskrementebiT, kedlebi dafarulia ablabudi<br />
brZolis RonisZiebebi<br />
Tesvis win niadagis fenis 17-22 sm-is siRrmeze dabarva(amobruneba) da<br />
saTesle <strong>kartofilis</strong> CaTesva maqsimalurad dasaSveb siRrmeze 14 sm-ze,<br />
kokolis gakeTeba ara nakleb 8 sm simaRlisa. K<strong>kartofilis</strong> miwiszeda<br />
aRmonacenis moTibva da ganadgurebaK <strong>kartofilis</strong> mosavlis amoRebamde<br />
erTi kviriT adre.. <strong>kartofilis</strong> maqsimalurad mokle droSi amoReba da<br />
mindvridan gatana, <strong>kartofilis</strong> gorglebis fumigacia an damuSaveba<br />
biopreparat lepidocidiT mosavlis aRebisTanave 1% suspenziaSi<br />
CaZirviT(100l samuSao xsnari 1.5t tuberze) da SeSrobiT CrdilSi.<br />
Senaxvis periodSi saTesle kartofili unda gadairCes da calke<br />
Seinaxos 3°C-ze. Sesanaxi sardafebi an saTavsebi winaswar damuSavdes<br />
qloriani kiriT; .dazianebuli gorglebi da maTi anarCenebi, mikruli<br />
miwis goroxebi, naTlebi unda Caiyaros sautilizacio (gasanadgureblad<br />
amoTxril_1-1,5 m siRrmis ormoSi), waeyaros qloriani kiri da gadaeyaros<br />
miwa.<br />
Bbiopreparatebidan gamoiyeneba; bitoqsibacilini 50-100gr-10l wyalze,<br />
boverini 30-50g 10l.wyalze.<br />
Sardovana 100gr-10l wyalze, romlis drosac nadgurdeba matlebi da<br />
xdeba mcenaris fesvgareSe gamokveba anu mwvane masis Sesxureba (10 l<br />
samuSao xsnari sakmarisia 200 m 2 -is dasamuSaveblad)<br />
qimiuri preparatebidan gamoiyeneba zoloni e.k. 1,5-2 l ha –ze; dingo-<br />
0.5-0.9 l/ha, bi-58 axali 0.7-1.1 l/ha-ze, aqteliki e.k. 1,5 l ha-ze, nurel-d<br />
e.k. 1.0 l-ha-ze; decis-eqtra e.k. 0,03-0,06l –ha-ze; naRmebis gakeTebamde
vegetaciis periodSi. saTesle nakveTebis Sesxureba aseve vegetaciis<br />
periodSi dimiliniT (s.f.) 1,9-2,4 kg/ha (gorglebi sakvebad ar gmoiyeneba.)<br />
fitosanitariuli riski. mavnebeli vrceldeba yvela stadiaSi<br />
<strong>kartofilis</strong> gorglebiT da ZaRlyurZenasebrTa kulturebis nayofebiT.<br />
sakarantino RonisZiebebi. <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>s gavrcelebis<br />
qveynebidan importirebuli <strong>kartofilis</strong> yvela partiis fitosanitariulsakarantini<br />
Semowmeba.<br />
sakarantino mavneblis – <strong>kartofilis</strong> <strong>CrCili</strong>s sxva raionebSi<br />
gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT dauSvebelia bolnisisa da<br />
marneulis municipalitetebis teritoriidan <strong>kartofilis</strong> saTesle<br />
masalis gamoyeneba sxva municipalitetebis teritoriaze; saTanado<br />
damuSavebis gareSe ar unda iqnas dasnebovnebuli teritoriebidan<br />
gamotanili kartofili, Semowmebis gareSe ar unda iqnas dasnebovnebuli<br />
zonidan gamotanili ZaRlyurZenasebrTa ojaxis warmomadgeneli<br />
kulturebis (pomidori, badrijani, wiwaka, Tambaqo) nayofebi.<br />
dasnebovnebis zonaSi unda Catardes Semdegi brZolis RonisZiebebi:<br />
- sacavebSi arsebuli saTesle <strong>kartofilis</strong> qimiuri damuSaveba<br />
mflobelebis mier;<br />
- sacavebSi arsebuli sasursaTo <strong>kartofilis</strong> fumigacia mflobelebis<br />
mier;<br />
- Teslbrunva;<br />
- mavneblis sawinaaRmdego agroteqnikuri wesebis dacva.
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