qarTuli
qarTuli
qarTuli
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nino gordelaZe • gvanca Cxenkeli • TinaTin kuxianiZe<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
ena da literatura<br />
pedagogis<br />
sasaCuqre egzemplari<br />
moswavlis wigni<br />
6
teqstebi<br />
Tavi I<br />
ametyvelebuli buneba<br />
mTani maRalni vaJa-fSavela 12<br />
quCi vaJa-fSavela 16<br />
nekerCxlis wiTeli foToli revaz inaniSvili 25<br />
TuTa ana kalandaZe 28<br />
Tavi II<br />
da me vigoneb...<br />
wamye beTaniisaken galaktion tabiZe 34<br />
xazarula nawili pirveli nodar dumbaZe 35<br />
xazarula nawili meore nodar dumbaZe 39<br />
xazarula nawili mesame nodar dumbaZe 44<br />
Cveni Werami giorgi leoniZe 49<br />
aleqsandre yazbegi biografia 55<br />
namwyemsaris mogonebani aleqsandre yazbegi 56<br />
bardnala lado asaTiani 60<br />
Tavi III<br />
sibrZne sicruisa<br />
sulxan-saba orbeliani biografia 66<br />
mTieli da kaklis xe (igav-araki) sulxan-saba orbeliani 67<br />
aqlemi da viri (igav-araki) sulxan-saba orbeliani 70<br />
mefe da avsityva (igav-araki) sulxan-saba orbeliani 71<br />
usamarTlo SirvanSahi (igav-araki) sulxan-saba orbeliani 76<br />
Tavi IV<br />
legendebSi Semonaxuli warsuli<br />
sparsi istorikosis Canaweri SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti 80<br />
baxtrionis aReba xalxuri 82<br />
baxtrionis aReba vaJa-fSavela 85<br />
baxtrionis aReba akaki wereTeli (nawyveti moTxrobidan `baSi-aCuki~) 86<br />
legenda bazaleTis tbis Sesaxeb SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti 92<br />
bazaleTis tba ilia WavWavaZe 94<br />
ori Tqmuleba sakuTari saxelis warmoSobaze xalxuri<br />
I. sofeli glola 96<br />
II. modinaxe 99
Teoria<br />
gramatika<br />
mxatvruli xerxebi<br />
21<br />
sametyvelo bgera<br />
23<br />
fonetikuri movlenebi<br />
29<br />
moTxroba<br />
48<br />
ras Seiswavlis gramatika<br />
53<br />
sityvis Sinaarsi<br />
62<br />
igavi<br />
78<br />
mravalmniSvnelobiani sityva<br />
68<br />
sinonimebi<br />
73<br />
faqti, varaudi, Tvalsazrisi<br />
105<br />
sityvaTa klasebi – arsebiTi<br />
saxeli<br />
88<br />
arsebiTi saxeli da Tandebuli<br />
101
teqstebi<br />
Tavi V<br />
sicili gadamdebiao!<br />
baron miunhauzenis Tavgadasavali rudolf erix raspe<br />
I. rvafexa kurdReli 108<br />
II. galxobili bgerebi 109<br />
baron miunhauzenis Tavgadasavali rudolf erix raspe<br />
III. Cinuri Rvino 115<br />
oboli da qosamatyuara zRapari 119<br />
uwindeli cxenebi raRa iqmneno xalxuri 122<br />
Tavi VI<br />
xalxuri sityviereba<br />
miwa Tavisas moiTxovs zRapari 130<br />
sabralo dedabrisasa xalxuri 139<br />
eTeri zRapari<br />
I-II. 140<br />
III-V. 142<br />
VI-VII. 145<br />
VIII-IX. 148<br />
opera `abesalom da eTeri~ SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti 151<br />
Tavi VII vaJa-fSavelas samyaroSi<br />
Svlis nukris naambobi vaJa-fSavela<br />
I. 156<br />
II-III. 159<br />
IV-V. 162<br />
xmeli wifeli vaJa-fSavela 170<br />
Rame mTaSi vaJa-fSavela 179<br />
Tavi VIII<br />
didi wignebi<br />
vefxistyaosani SoTa rusTaveli 182<br />
ambavi rostevan arabTa mefisa 183<br />
rostevan mefisagan da avTandilisagan nadiroba,<br />
naxva arabTa mefisagan mis ymisa vefxistyaosnisa 188<br />
vefxistyaosnis aforizmebi 192<br />
homerosis `odisea~ SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti (zurab kiknaZe, Tamaz Cxenkeli) 198<br />
odisevsi da penelope homerosi<br />
I. 199<br />
II. 203
Teoria<br />
gramatika<br />
anotacia<br />
127<br />
reklama<br />
128<br />
Tandebulebis marTlwera<br />
110<br />
zedsarTavi saxelis warmoqmna<br />
123<br />
zRapari<br />
154<br />
ricxviTi saxeli<br />
134<br />
nacvalsaxeli<br />
152<br />
personaJi<br />
180<br />
zmna<br />
166<br />
zmna da gramatikuli pirebi<br />
175<br />
funqciuri teqstebi<br />
212<br />
sakiTxebi Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis<br />
gramatikidan<br />
194<br />
sruli da usruli moqmedeba<br />
207<br />
Sorisdebuli<br />
209
teqstebi<br />
Tavi IX<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> saliteraturo enis istoriidan<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> saliteraturo ena da ilia WavWavaZe nawili pirveli zurab WumburiZe 216<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> saliteraturo ena da ilia WavWavaZe nawili meore zurab WumburiZe 220<br />
meoce saukunis <strong>qarTuli</strong> terminebi da giorgi nikolaZe SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti 222<br />
Tavi X<br />
Cemi Tbilisi<br />
Tbilisis istoria SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti (saymawvilo enciklopedia `Tbilisi~; T. beriZe) 226<br />
... rusTvelis prospeqtze siaruli lado asaTiani 236<br />
sadRegrZelo iyos misi galaktion tabiZe 237<br />
gazafxulis dResaswauli SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti (saymawvilo enciklopedia `Tbilisi~) 238<br />
lurji sufra SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti (saymawvilo enciklopedia `Tbilisi~) 238<br />
muSTaidi SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti (saymawvilo enciklopedia `Tbilisi~) 239<br />
`zepiri gazeTebi~ Zvel TbilisSi SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti (saymawvilo enciklopedia `Tbilisi~) 241<br />
pansionebi da gimnaziebi SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti (saymawvilo enciklopedia `Tbilisi~) 241<br />
transporti SemecnebiTi xasiaTis teqsti (saymawvilo enciklopedia `Tbilisi~) 242<br />
saxelmZRvanelos leqsikoni 251
Teoria<br />
gramatika<br />
arqaizmi da neologizmi<br />
224<br />
teqstis gasworeba<br />
249<br />
kavSiri<br />
232<br />
nawilaki<br />
244
`usulo sagnebs suli Cavbere,<br />
avasaubre lodebi kldisa...~<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
Tavi<br />
1<br />
ametyvelebuli buneba<br />
• mTani maRalni (moTxroba) ............................................................................................................................................................12<br />
• quCi (moTxroba) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................16<br />
• mxatvruli xerxebi (literaturis Teoria) ............................................................................................21<br />
• sametyvelo bgera (gramatika) ................................................................................................................................................23<br />
• nekerCxlis wiTeli foToli (moTxroba) ......................................................................................................25<br />
• TuTa (leqsi) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................28<br />
• fonetikuri movlenebi (gramatika) ..........................................................................................................................29<br />
11
teqstebi<br />
ametyvelebuli buneba Tavi I<br />
12<br />
uTimTimebT<br />
uTamaSebT,<br />
ufeTqavT<br />
rasme<br />
anu rames<br />
iburavT<br />
ifaravT<br />
utusavs<br />
utrusavs<br />
5<br />
10<br />
15<br />
20<br />
25<br />
30<br />
35<br />
40<br />
mTani maRalni<br />
idgnen da elodnen. usazRvroa mTebis molodini;<br />
usazRvro zRvada dgas imaT gulSi. wiTlad, sisxlisfrad<br />
Sededebuli uTimTimebT gulmkerdSi. gareT, saxeze<br />
ki araferi etyobaT, garda mterobisa. es aris kidec<br />
niSani molodinisa. vin ra icis, ra ambavia mTebis gulSi,<br />
ra cecxli duRs da gadmodis.<br />
mTebo, mTebo! ras eliT, vis eliT nuTu gyavT satrfo<br />
didi xnis unaxavi iqneba Svili dakargeT iqneba Zma an<br />
deda gyavT Sors wasuli da araferi ambavi mogsvliaT<br />
pasuxi ar ismis. dganan warbSeuxrelad. elodnen, elian<br />
da kvlav eqnebaT molodini. ra daaSrobs imaT gulSi im<br />
molodinis zRvas ara aqvs imas bolo, arc dasasruli,<br />
rogorc RvTaebas...<br />
roca yvela suldgmuls, mwers, balaxs, yvavilebs, mdinares<br />
da mousvenar, dauRalav niavs daeZinebaT, maSin,<br />
mxolod maSin amoioxreben da cremlsa Rvrian. Cven, kacni,<br />
maSin vambobT: ax, ra mZime lodiviT naRveli mawevs gulzeo.<br />
ratom ar mReriT, mTebo gana ise unda movkvde, rom<br />
Tqveni xma, Tqveni simRera ver gavigono! ratom ar iciniT<br />
Rimili mainc miCveneT Tqveni, kargebo! magre rogor<br />
dagimonaT, SegipyroT, dagimorCilaT erTma fiqrma, rom<br />
sxva yovelive Zala da niSani sicocxlisa daTrgunvila<br />
Tqvens gul-gonebaSi! ara, ara. xandaxan Tqvenc gixariaT<br />
da qveyanas ki hgonia, viTom Tqven arafers grZnobT. xom<br />
vici, Tqvens gulSi sanTlebi daenTeba, roca laRi arwivi<br />
dagTamaSebT Tavze da dasasveneblad Tqvens kalTaze<br />
CamoeSveba. ra lamazebi xarT maSin! rogor gixdebaT, rom<br />
is Tqveni aRzrdili Svili ise mamaci, Seupovari da lamazia.<br />
is xom Sikrikicaa Tqveni. RmerTs uambobs, atyobinebs<br />
Tqvens ambavs...<br />
ara gaqvT azri idea grZnoba arc ocnebobT rogor<br />
ara! maS raa is mSvenieri yvavilebi, Tqven rom gulmkerds<br />
gimSvenebT egaa Tqveni ocneba, imedi, nugeSi. rad<br />
iburav T Tavs xSiri nislebiT, Tu Cum-Cumad rasme ara<br />
fiqrobT da mag fiqrs ar gvimalavT adamianis Svilebs!<br />
rad mogyavT balaxi rad adenT civTa wyaroTa rad<br />
aqanebT zvavebs rada zrdiT laRTa xar-jixvTa vis<br />
atyueb T, Tqve kargebo!<br />
dganan da elian. wvima wvims imaT Tavze, elva utusavs<br />
oqros qoCors, mexi eTamaSeba imaT Tvalebs da xSiradac<br />
erWoba isariviT gulmkerdSi. araferia. ingreva xSirad<br />
naxevari mTa da zvavad midis xevSi. klde da lodebi mainc
tyvreba<br />
aq: skdeba<br />
sudari<br />
anu sudara –<br />
TeTri qsovili<br />
(micvalebulis<br />
gasaxvevad)<br />
savarjiSoebi<br />
45<br />
50<br />
elian. wadiT, visac ar gindaT CvenTan, maRla, cis axlos<br />
yofna, dabla ganisveneT.<br />
debs Tovls. yinavs. civa. qva tyvreba. mTebs sudari<br />
CaucvamT tanze, TiTqos mkvdrebi iyvnen. dagvmarxeT,<br />
dagvitireTo – gveZaxian...<br />
dganan da elian. guli stkivaT, Zalian stkivaT. magram<br />
ar ixocebian, arc Wleqdebian. elian, vis an ras raRacas.<br />
diax, raRacas. es raRacaa unaxavis danaxva. naxes da<br />
gaaTaves, rasac imaTi Tvali da guli miswvdeboda. sxva<br />
axali moswyurebia imaT Tvalsa da gulsa. es xom Tvalgulis<br />
gaumaZRrobaa swored rom isaa.<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
teqstis Sinaarsi<br />
1. `vin“ uwevs RmerTTan Sikrikobas<br />
mTebs<br />
• ratom uwodebs vaJa-fSavela mas<br />
mTebis „Sikriks“ RmerTTan<br />
2. riT iburebian mTebi wuxilis<br />
dasafarad<br />
3. ratom umalaven mTebi sxvebs TavianT<br />
fiqrsa da survils<br />
4. avtoris azriT, ra aris mTebis `imedi,<br />
grZnoba, idea, ocneba~<br />
13
teqstebi<br />
ametyvelebuli buneba Tavi I<br />
14<br />
5. vaJa-fSavelas TqmiT, ra uxarebs mTebs<br />
guls<br />
6. Seni azriT, ris momswre SeiZleba<br />
iyvnen mTebi<br />
7. „elian, vis ras raRacas. es raRacaa<br />
unaxavis danaxva“.<br />
rogor axsni vaJa-fSavelas pasuxs mis<br />
mierve dasmul SekiTxvebze<br />
8. daasaxele fraza, romelic<br />
nawarmoebSi xSirad meordeba. ratom<br />
imeorebs avtori am frazas ras<br />
hmatebs es nawarmoebs<br />
imsjele<br />
9. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romels<br />
SeurCevdi meore saTaurad am<br />
nawarmoebs pasuxi daasabuTe.<br />
a) zvavis Camowola<br />
b) cis axlos yofna<br />
g) zamTris sudara<br />
moZebne teqstSi<br />
10. vaJa-fSavelas Tavis erT -erT poemaSi<br />
„kopala“ aqvs aseTi striqonebi:<br />
„nislni, daRlilni curviTa,<br />
mTis yureT mimaluliyvnen;<br />
mTani maRlaiT dascqerdnen,<br />
Rrma fiqriT Saburviliyvnen:<br />
beCavebs bevri etirnaT,<br />
srul cremlad dawurviliyvnen.“<br />
moiZie moTxrobaSi „mTani maRalni“<br />
msgavsi ganwyobis mqone monakveTi da<br />
Seadare am strofs.<br />
alalma dauqrola – uceb raRac<br />
mouvida, raRac daemarTa, raRac<br />
SeemTxva (alali – qoris msgavsi,<br />
magram ufro patara mtacebeli<br />
frinveli).<br />
1. meoTxe klasamde toli ar<br />
hyolia, magram aq ki raRac alalma<br />
dauqrola (akaki wereTeli); 2.<br />
ra alalma dahqrola amisTanam,<br />
11. gaixsene, ra aris epiTeti. yuradRebiT<br />
waikiTxe teqstis me-4 abzaci da<br />
moZebne is epiTetebi, romlebsac vaJafSavela<br />
arwivis dasaxasiaTeblad<br />
iyenebs.<br />
dawere<br />
12. warmoidgine da aRwere mTebi,<br />
romlebmac vaJa-fSavelas aseTi<br />
ganwyoba Seuqmna. Seni naSromi gaacani<br />
Tanaklaselebs.<br />
13. ipove teqstSi Sesabamisi monakveTi da<br />
Seni sityvebiT dawere Canaxati: `mTebi<br />
da arwivi~.<br />
ena<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> idiomebis leqsikonidan<br />
14. gadaiyvane nar-bolosarTiani<br />
mravlobiTis formebi<br />
eb-bolosarTian mravlobiTSi:<br />
a) rada zrdiT laRTa xar-jixvTa<br />
b) rad adenT civTa wyaroTa<br />
15. Seni varaudiT, ratom SeurCia vaJafSavelam<br />
am nawarmoebs saTaurad<br />
`mTani maRalni~ – gamoTqma,<br />
romelSic Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebeli mravlobiTi forma<br />
gamoiyena<br />
16. vaJa-fSavela wers: `usazRvroa mTebis<br />
molodini, usazRvro zRvada dgas<br />
imaT gulSi~.<br />
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romlebia<br />
SinaarsiT axlos mdgomi epiTetTan –<br />
`usazRvro~<br />
uZiro, ulevi, unapiro, uTvalavi,<br />
ukidegano, usasrulo, TvalSeudgami,<br />
Tvaluwvdeneli.<br />
rom rac simRerebi icoda, sul<br />
daaviwyda (ilia WavWavaZe)<br />
davaleba<br />
moifiqre raime ambavi, romelSic<br />
gamoiyeneb am gamoTqmas, da Cawere<br />
rveulSi.
es sainteresoa!<br />
vaJa-fSavela<br />
qarTveli poeti da<br />
sazogado moRvawe.<br />
daibada 1861 wels<br />
fSavSi, sofel CargalSi.<br />
is fSavSi cxovrobda<br />
da TbilisSi iSviaTad<br />
Camodioda. dakrZalulia<br />
mTawmindaze.<br />
albaT, gaxsovs, rom vaJa-fSavela fsevdonimia.<br />
poetis namdvili saxeli da gvaria luka<br />
razikaSvili. igi saqarTvelos mTian mxareSi,<br />
fSavSi daibada da misi fsevdonimic swored<br />
aqedan modis. vaJa-fSavela bavSvobidan<br />
eziara qarTul xalxur poezias. poetis mama<br />
– pavle <strong>qarTuli</strong> wignis didi moyvaruli iyo.<br />
mas saxlSi aseTi garToba SemouRia: samuSao<br />
dRis Semdeg, saRamoobiT, ojaxis wevrebi<br />
miusxdebodnen buxars da ejibrebodnen<br />
erTmaneTs Tqmulebebis, zRaprebis,<br />
andazebis TqmaSi. msjelobdnen, uziarebdnen<br />
erTmaneTs STabeWdilebebs monaTxrobis<br />
Sesaxeb. kiTxulobdnen wignebs. vaJa-fSavela<br />
bavSvobidan aseT garemoSi izrdeboda.<br />
davaleba<br />
klasSi imsjeleT, ras fiqrobT aseT garTobaze.<br />
isaubreT, Tavad Tqven rogor erTobiT.<br />
vaJa-fSavela da<br />
aleqsandre yazbegi<br />
vaJa-fSavela ojaxTan erTad<br />
vaJa-fSavela CargalSi cxovrobda da<br />
Tavisi nawerebi TbilisSi drodadro<br />
xurjiniT Camohqonda.<br />
15
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