misaRebia. swored, aqedan ikveTeba is ZiriTadi da mTavari
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misaRebia. swored, aqedan ikveTeba is ZiriTadi da mTavari

misaRebia. swored, aqedan ikveTeba is ZiriTadi da mTavari

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S e s a v a l i<br />

rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>toria, Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

subieqturi <strong>da</strong> obieqturi mizezebiT, meoce saukun<strong>is</strong> sensacias<br />

warmoadgens. iqca kidec am saukun<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> pirmSod.<br />

msoflios wamyvani mecniereb<strong>is</strong> mier <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli rigi<br />

alternatiuli mosazrebebi, niSandoblivi <strong>da</strong> mxedvelobaSi<br />

<strong>m<strong>is</strong>aRebia</strong>. <strong>swored</strong>, <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong> <strong>ikveTeba</strong> <strong>is</strong> <strong>ZiriTadi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>mTavari</strong><br />

mizani, rac laitmotivad gasdevs ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> mTel<br />

voiaJs. politikuri kataklizmebiT savse <strong>is</strong> sruli periodi,<br />

veragob<strong>is</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>uvali SemecnebiT gamoirCeva. epoqaluri<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>saxv<strong>is</strong> mTel rig ganzomilebaTa saTaves qmni<strong>da</strong><br />

cdomilebaTa Segneba Tu Serwyma, individualuri simamac<strong>is</strong><br />

gamovlinebasTan.<br />

adolf hitler<strong>is</strong> qarizmatuli Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong><br />

gaTviTcnobiereb<strong>is</strong>as, ze<strong>is</strong>toriuli sivrc<strong>is</strong> anareklze, mTel<br />

rig gamosaxulebaTa siRrmeSi, r. hes<strong>is</strong> pirovneb<strong>is</strong> Secnob<strong>is</strong><br />

utyuari safuZvlebi <strong>ikveTeba</strong>. epoq<strong>is</strong> dekoratiuli suli, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

sawy<strong>is</strong>i koordinateb<strong>is</strong> araerTgvarovani aRqm<strong>is</strong> analizSi<br />

igrZnoba. m<strong>is</strong>i formul<strong>is</strong> zusti gansazRvra mxolod dros<br />

SeuZlia. pirovneb<strong>is</strong> buneb<strong>is</strong> Seqmn<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Camoyalibeb<strong>is</strong><br />

garkveuli kriteriumebi, droSi sinqronuli warmosaxv<strong>is</strong><br />

proporciulia. individSi maradiulob<strong>is</strong> eqvivalent<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mkvidrebas xels uwyobs gamWirvale xedva, dinamiuri<br />

azrovneba Tu Segoneba, Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> Seqmn<strong>is</strong> sinTezuri<br />

diagrama, romelic cnobiereb<strong>is</strong> SegrZneb<strong>is</strong> uxilavi wuTi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

iRebs saTaves. Zalaufleba ganusazRvreli<br />

xasiaT<strong>is</strong><br />

matarebelia, imdenad Zlieri, rom zogjer Sinagani ngrev<strong>is</strong><br />

1

siptoms warmoSobs. angrevs Zvels, aSenebs axals, ar aRadgens<br />

Zvels, magram aSenebs axals Zvel<strong>is</strong> nangrevebze. TviT sityvaSi<br />

Zalaufleba mxolod ori komponenti Sed<strong>is</strong>: Zala <strong>da</strong> ufleba.<br />

yofila SemTxveva mmarTvels ekiTxos: me maqvs Zalaufleba,<br />

magram maqvs ufleba gamoviyeno Zala amitomaa Zalaufleba<br />

mmarTvel<strong>is</strong> xelSi ganusazRvrelobiTi xasiaT<strong>is</strong> matarebeli.<br />

gaqvs Zalaufleba, gaqvs neba _ arsebobs Tav<strong>is</strong>uflebac.<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleba Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> wina formas warmoadgens, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

Sekveca SesaZlebelia, gamartiveba ara. Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong><br />

mag<strong>is</strong>traluri xazi Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> fenomens erTv<strong>is</strong>. rogorc<br />

erT<strong>is</strong>, <strong>is</strong>e meor<strong>is</strong> Sekveca SesaZlebelia. Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>kargv<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, Sinagani rwmena kidev didxans cocxlobs.<br />

Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargv<strong>is</strong>as, sakuTari Zala<br />

konkurenturanianobas kargavs <strong>da</strong> neli a<strong>da</strong>ptireb<strong>is</strong> process<br />

emorCileba. Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> fenomenaluri kurs<strong>is</strong> <strong>ZiriTadi</strong><br />

ganmsazRvreli mmarTvelob<strong>is</strong> peripetieb<strong>is</strong> normaluri aTv<strong>is</strong>eba<br />

<strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi bazaa. aseTi meqanizm<strong>is</strong> gamoyeneba<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia mmarTvel<strong>is</strong> unarsa <strong>da</strong> inteleqtualur<br />

SenaZenze. Sinagani metamorfozuloba xSirad axali<br />

fun<strong>da</strong>ment<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> safuZvelia. ngrev<strong>is</strong> procesi neli,<br />

virtuozuli tempiT SeiZleba warimarTos. energiuli<br />

d<strong>is</strong>balansi gar<strong>da</strong>saxviTi xelovneb<strong>is</strong> kvanZs kravs <strong>da</strong><br />

ukuCvenebaTa sust simptomebs TiTqm<strong>is</strong> aqrobs. Sinagani<br />

mizidulob<strong>is</strong> koeficienti aRqm<strong>is</strong> saSur unars gvZens <strong>da</strong><br />

sakuTari Zaleb<strong>is</strong> demonstrirebaSi gvexmareba. mtkice<br />

neb<strong>is</strong>yof<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> wonasworob<strong>is</strong> mqone, gnebavT, Zal<strong>is</strong>mieri an<br />

iZulebiTi TavSekaveb<strong>is</strong> matarebeli pirovneba politikaSi<br />

momgebianob<strong>is</strong> qvakuTxeds qmn<strong>is</strong>. Tumca, emocieb<strong>is</strong>agan <strong>da</strong>clili<br />

2

individi naklebsasurvelia. hitleri moWarbebuli emocieb<strong>is</strong><br />

gaelveba iyo. masSi mozRvavebuli energi<strong>is</strong> maragi erTbaSad<br />

iclebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ivsebo<strong>da</strong>. m<strong>is</strong>i brZol<strong>is</strong>unarianoba sasicocxlo<br />

Zaleb<strong>is</strong> erTobliv realizaciaSi mdgomareob<strong>da</strong>. survili<br />

gamx<strong>da</strong>riyo germani<strong>is</strong> fiureri, metwil, m<strong>is</strong> pirovnul<br />

siZlieresa <strong>da</strong> xasiaT<strong>is</strong> simtkiceze iyo <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.<br />

momavali fiurer<strong>is</strong> ,,patara mmarTveloba”, jer kidev,<br />

landsberg<strong>is</strong> cix<strong>is</strong> kedlebSi <strong>da</strong>iwyo. patimari hitleri aq<br />

adgen<strong>da</strong> gegmas, fiqrob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> msjelob<strong>da</strong> samomavlo politik<strong>is</strong><br />

masStabebze, romelsac xel<strong>is</strong>uflebaSi mosvl<strong>is</strong>Tanave<br />

ganaxorcieleb<strong>da</strong>. Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> neba ganuyofelia m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

mflobel<strong>is</strong> flob<strong>is</strong> survil<strong>is</strong>agan. es imdenad<br />

gaxangrZlivebulia Sinaganad, rom gare faqtoreb<strong>is</strong><br />

Sepir<strong>is</strong>pireb<strong>is</strong> fonze Zal<strong>is</strong>mieri TavSekaveb<strong>is</strong> sinonimad<br />

xSirad iqceva. es ar<strong>is</strong> neli procesi, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc <strong>da</strong>xurul<br />

kars miRma arsebul sibneleSi, mxedvelobaSi gamokveTili<br />

sicariele nel-nela Seivseba mexsierebaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenili nivTeb<strong>is</strong><br />

xarjze. Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> neb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>pir<strong>is</strong>pireba qvecnobier<br />

winaaRmdegobaSi ga<strong>da</strong>izrdeba imgvarad, rom verc ki SeamCnev,<br />

rogor gagidgeba ganze sakuTari neba. Tu Zalaufleba ar<strong>is</strong><br />

individSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c Tavmoyrili araa inteleqti, taqti,<br />

Tavazianoba <strong>da</strong> gulwrfeloba, aseve meore individSi wvdom<strong>is</strong><br />

survili SemecnebiT aspeqtSi, Zalaufleba saSiS fenomenad<br />

iqceva masSi. am SemTxvevaSi, <strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>d<strong>is</strong> agresiaSi, agresiul<br />

qmedebaTa gamovlinebaSi <strong>da</strong> iqceva miwier siaxloveTa mankier<br />

kavSirTa xelSemwyob faqtorad, rasac Tan sdevs ganukiTxaoba,<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSauli. simartoveSi gaCenili bzari umjobesia gatydes <strong>da</strong><br />

sicarieleSi gare<strong>da</strong>n SemoWrilma sixarul<strong>is</strong> elementma<br />

3

<strong>da</strong><strong>is</strong>adguros. Tu am bzarma r<strong>is</strong>xva warmoqmna - <strong>da</strong>uokebel<br />

qmedebaTa SemakavSirebeli Zala - gauwonasworoba<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>uvalia. araregulirebadi ,,Sinagani me” mZafrsiuJetian<br />

dramad iqceva. Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> flob<strong>is</strong> survili cxovreb<strong>is</strong>euli<br />

sirTuleeb<strong>is</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad Cndeba, zogjer ki siaxl<strong>is</strong> gancd<strong>is</strong><br />

momentad gvesaxeba. am SemTxvevaSi, raRac didi etapi mTavrdeba<br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong> cxovrebaSi <strong>da</strong> iwyeba axali, <strong>is</strong>e rom individ<strong>is</strong><br />

TviTwarmosaxvaSi <strong>da</strong>sasrul<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sawy<strong>is</strong>i Cans. es ar<strong>is</strong><br />

materialuri kmayofileb<strong>is</strong> mudmivi ganc<strong>da</strong> an<br />

<strong>da</strong>ukmayofileblob<strong>is</strong> talR<strong>is</strong> azvirTeba, cxovreb<strong>is</strong>euli<br />

survileb<strong>is</strong> ukan motoveba. <strong>da</strong>saxelebul argumentSi -<br />

cxovreb<strong>is</strong>euli problemebiT Casaxuli swrafva<br />

Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong>aken - ar igrZnoba mijna anu aq gamokveTilad<br />

araferi mTavrdeba, mxolod gagrZeleba xdeba gare faqtoreb<strong>is</strong><br />

uneblie <strong>da</strong>tvirTv<strong>is</strong> gamo, <strong>da</strong>grovili energi<strong>is</strong> xarjze.<br />

radikaluroba, garkveulwilad, ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> miRebaze<br />

a<strong>is</strong>axeba, principuloba amave ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> simtkiceze,<br />

sizuste anu ramdenad swori arCevani gaakeTe, un<strong>da</strong><br />

calmxrivad gansazRvros kategoriulobam <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>admi<br />

skeptikurma <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebam. jer raime sax<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />

Tavad ki ar un<strong>da</strong> miiRo <strong>da</strong> am<strong>is</strong>ken ki ar un<strong>da</strong> warmarTo<br />

sazogadoebrivi azri, aramed un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ekiTxo sxvebs <strong>da</strong> Semdeg<br />

gaakeTo analizze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli saboloo <strong>da</strong>skvna. rudolf<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba Sejerebuli iyo, ara<br />

marto sxva nac<strong>is</strong>t liderebTan, aramed TviT fiurerTan -<br />

adolf hitlerTan. ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba un<strong>da</strong> iyos erTpirovnuli,<br />

magram miukerZoebeli, romelzec gavlenas ver un<strong>da</strong> axdendes<br />

garSemomyofTa umravlesoba, imdenad m<strong>is</strong>aRebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>is</strong>.<br />

4

obieqturi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong>aken swrafva aRmavalia, magram<br />

alpin<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong> beds waagavs. ici r<strong>is</strong>ken mi<strong>is</strong>wrafvi <strong>da</strong> es mizani<br />

sirTuleeb<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>laxvaSi gexmareba. Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv, warmoqmnili<br />

sirTuleebi miRweul<strong>is</strong> srulfasovnad aRqmaSi gvexmareba.<br />

miRweuliT ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kmayofilde, mzardi moTxovnileb<strong>is</strong><br />

sagani ierarqiulad aRimarTeba, rogorc zednaSeni. <strong>mTavari</strong><br />

<strong>is</strong>aa, rom yovelTv<strong>is</strong> ver iqnebi maTi srulfasovnad<br />

aRsruleb<strong>is</strong> mesaWe. did sixaruls didi tanjva axlavs, did<br />

gamarjvebas didi wuxili, sxvagvarad, m<strong>is</strong> sidiades ver<br />

SevigrZnobdiT. arasrulfasovneb<strong>is</strong> ganc<strong>da</strong> ,,didi a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong>”<br />

Tanmdevi Tv<strong>is</strong>ebaa, radgan <strong>is</strong>ini yvelafers sxva TvaliT<br />

xe<strong>da</strong>ven. Cveulebriv, rigiT a<strong>da</strong>mianebs araerTgvarovani<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba uCndeba maT<strong>da</strong>mi, radgan ,,didi a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong>”<br />

goneba <strong>is</strong>e ar ar<strong>is</strong> mowyobili, rogorc ,,patara a<strong>da</strong>mianebs”<br />

un<strong>da</strong>T. <strong>is</strong>ini bevrad cdebian sakuTar moTxovnilebaTa CarCoebs<br />

<strong>da</strong> ,,ararsebuli idumalebiT” ikvebebian. idumaleba -<br />

zr<strong>da</strong>sruli a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> uxilavi, Tanmdevi Tv<strong>is</strong>ebaa, romelic<br />

droSi ,,gazrd<strong>is</strong>” gaazreb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas gvitovebs, radgan<br />

axali mrwams<strong>is</strong> pirveli gamziarebelia. aseTi tip<strong>is</strong> mqone<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> araerTgvarovan <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaSi SesaZloa Tavi<br />

iCinos Rirseuli a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> xeliT tareb<strong>is</strong> uecarma <strong>da</strong> uneblie<br />

survilma. sxvagvarad, am a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> gafetiSeb<strong>is</strong> rwmenam. ,,patara<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani” ki bolomde verasodes Segimecnebs, radgan verasodes<br />

Segwvdeba.<br />

Zlevamosileb<strong>is</strong> ukv<strong>da</strong>vi Saravandedi sicocxleSive un<strong>da</strong><br />

SeimCneodes. Zliereb<strong>is</strong>admi pativ<strong>is</strong>cema uneblie mowiweb<strong>is</strong><br />

tolfasia odiTgan. rac Seexeba ndob<strong>is</strong> faqtors, am<br />

SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia, meorexar<strong>is</strong>xovan an Tanmdev<br />

5

faqtorad iqces – anu axldes am mowiwebas. maT es siZliere,<br />

Tu <strong>is</strong> absoluturi kuTvnilebaa ama Tu im belad<strong>is</strong>a, <strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong>a<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong> sayrden obieqtad warmoedginebaT. swamT am Zal<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> esaa, rom ufro Sors ar axedinebT. <strong>da</strong>mabrmavebeli<br />

Zlevamosileba xalx<strong>is</strong> aRtkineb<strong>is</strong> sagnad iqceva, rasac Tan<br />

sdevs: gauTviTcnobierebeli siyvaruli, anu namdvili<br />

siyvaruli; SiSi, romelic SesaZloa ga<strong>da</strong>vides aseve<br />

abstraqtul ganzogadoebaSi: siyvarulSi an siZulvilSi. aseTi<br />

mmarTveli sicarieles ar gitovebs: un<strong>da</strong> gZuldes an un<strong>da</strong><br />

giyvardes. siZulvil<strong>is</strong> nia<strong>da</strong>gze arCevan<strong>is</strong> gakeTeba<br />

aramomgebiania. advili SesaZlebelia, erT<strong>is</strong> siZulvilma<br />

meores negatiuri mxare ar <strong>da</strong>ganaxos. SesaZlebelia<br />

TavSekaveb<strong>is</strong> mZlavri impulsebi gaCndes, Tumca es ar iqneba<br />

maradiuli, radgan neb<strong>is</strong>yof<strong>is</strong> sindromi marTalia<br />

regulirebadia, magram mzardia. aq mr<strong>is</strong>xanebac Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>uvalia. Tu xel<strong>is</strong>ufals ZlevamosilebasTan erTad<br />

inteleqtualuri baz<strong>is</strong>i ar axlavs Tan, anu m<strong>is</strong>i siZliere<br />

codnaze ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli, es Zala agresiad iqceva,<br />

agresia mZulvarebad <strong>da</strong> es, sabolood, mas diqtatorad aqcevs,<br />

roml<strong>is</strong> xelSi gaerTiandeba siZulvilze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli mtroba,<br />

Sur<strong>is</strong>geba, ZlierTa ganadgureb<strong>is</strong> survili, rac Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad<br />

morCileb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>nergv<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moneb<strong>is</strong> wyurvilad iqceva. rac<br />

Seexeba inteleqtualur baz<strong>is</strong>ze aRmocenebul Zalauflebas, aq<br />

,,sakuTari me”-s uryeob<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> TviTSegneb<strong>is</strong> koeficienti<br />

maRalia, sayovelTao mZulvarebaa xanmokle, dro<strong>da</strong>dro Cndeba<br />

<strong>da</strong> qreba. iTval<strong>is</strong>wineb ra sxv<strong>is</strong> Secdomebs, sakuTars ar<br />

gamoricxav. amitom Tav<strong>is</strong> xelSi ayvana gixdeba, rom seriozuli<br />

Secdomeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>saSvebad mzadyofna gaauqmo. ai, ra rols<br />

6

TamaSobs Rrmad erudirebuli a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> xelSi Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong><br />

fenomeni <strong>da</strong> riT gansxvavdeba <strong>is</strong> SemTxveviT morgebuli,<br />

mxolod SiSveli cxovreb<strong>is</strong>euli sirTuleeb<strong>is</strong>agan gamoCekili<br />

lider<strong>is</strong>agan. uxeSoba Zal<strong>da</strong>tanebiT <strong>da</strong>rRvevad iqceva,<br />

Zaladoba ki struqturul cvlilebaTa ngrev<strong>is</strong> siptomad. es<br />

warmoSobs gauTval<strong>is</strong>winebel ryevebs sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> rigebSi.<br />

iRviZebs Tav<strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong> instiqti, radgan brZola arsebob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />

aqtualuri xdeba. es gauTviTcnobierebeli SiSia sikvdil<strong>is</strong><br />

pir<strong>is</strong>pir. am SemTxvevaSi, ga<strong>da</strong>rCenili a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong> energia<br />

ormagdeba an icleba energi<strong>is</strong>gan <strong>da</strong> pasiuri xdeba. gambe<strong>da</strong>ob<strong>is</strong><br />

nivelireba garduvalia. r<strong>is</strong>ki yovelTv<strong>is</strong> rodia gamarTlebadi.<br />

mmarTvelma gul<strong>is</strong> siRrmeSi sinanulic un<strong>da</strong> SeZlos <strong>da</strong><br />

wuxilic, Tumca emocia iqamd<strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sdos, sanam am<strong>is</strong><br />

gamovlen<strong>is</strong> saWiroebas ar <strong>da</strong>inaxavs.<br />

saxelmwifos meTauri un<strong>da</strong> iyos Semdgari pirovneba, mas<br />

gaTav<strong>is</strong>ebuli un<strong>da</strong> qondes ,,saerTo me”. rodesac SenSi budobs<br />

rwmena sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> zrunv<strong>is</strong>a, kmayofili un<strong>da</strong> iyo am rwmen<strong>is</strong><br />

xorcSesxm<strong>is</strong> gamo. mmarTvelma elit<strong>is</strong> SenarCunebaze <strong>da</strong> cud<strong>is</strong><br />

karg<strong>is</strong>ken Semobrunebaze un<strong>da</strong> ifiqros. mas yovelTv<strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />

axsovdes, rom Zlieri, RvT<strong>is</strong> rCeuli Svilia <strong>da</strong> es rCeulobaa,<br />

<strong>swored</strong>, gamocd<strong>is</strong> winaSe rom ayenebs _ ramdenad SegiZlia<br />

gaiTav<strong>is</strong>o <strong>is</strong>, rac Sen ar gekuTvn<strong>is</strong>, magram gevaleba.<br />

mmarTveloba ar ar<strong>is</strong> skams <strong>da</strong>monebuli Zalaufleba, aramed<br />

orientirebuli xalx<strong>is</strong> intereseb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kmayofileb<strong>is</strong>aken.<br />

krZalva, ridi, pativ<strong>is</strong>cema, mowiweba – a<strong>da</strong>mianTa <strong>is</strong> Tv<strong>is</strong>ebebia,<br />

romliTac pirveli piri qveyanaSi un<strong>da</strong> sargeblobdes.<br />

gasaTval<strong>is</strong>winebelia, rom keTili survilebi megobrul<br />

urTierTobaSi ar un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>izardos, rameTu gaTamamebuli<br />

7

o gazuluqebul masad ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva xolme, romelTac<br />

sayvarel saqmianobad eqcevaT gakicxvac. lideri sxv<strong>is</strong> xelSi<br />

gamoyenebiT iaraRad ar un<strong>da</strong> iqces. am<strong>is</strong> saSiSroeba iqmneba im<br />

moxeleeb<strong>is</strong>gan, romlebic gars artyas. mmarTveli imgvarad<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Seexos xelqveiT<strong>is</strong> profesiul saqmianobas, rom m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

Rirseba ar Selaxos. es delikaturi sakiTxia <strong>da</strong> sifrTxile<br />

esaWiroeba. RirsebaSelaxuli a<strong>da</strong>miani pativayril a<strong>da</strong>mianze<br />

uaresia, mas aRaraferi rCeba ganadgureb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> tkivil<strong>is</strong> meti.<br />

am SemTxvevaSi, meTauri un<strong>da</strong> amovides Cveulebrivi a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />

mentalitet<strong>is</strong>gan, Tavi <strong>da</strong>aRwios primitiul gagul<strong>is</strong>ebas,<br />

<strong>is</strong>wavlos TavSekaveba anu kontrols <strong>da</strong>uqvemdebaros ,,sakuTari<br />

me”. es, Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv, sakuTar Tavze <strong>da</strong>kvirveb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas<br />

m<strong>is</strong>cems. saRi azrovneb<strong>is</strong> SenarCuneba rTulia iq, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

mravali a<strong>da</strong>miani trialebs. amitom mmarTveli yovelTv<strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />

ecados gamonaxos martod <strong>da</strong>rCen<strong>is</strong> dro <strong>da</strong> SesaZlebloba,<br />

radgan SeZlos simarTl<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mowmebac. m<strong>is</strong>i mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

yuradReb<strong>is</strong> maqsimaluri koncentraciaa saWiro, radgan yoveli<br />

Cqamic raRacas niSnavs, raRac<strong>is</strong> momaswavebelia. Zlieri<br />

mmarTveli Zlieri momavl<strong>is</strong> sawin<strong>da</strong>ria. es, Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv, qveyn<strong>is</strong><br />

keTildReob<strong>is</strong> utyuari winapirobaa. amitom, aucilebelia<br />

mmarTvel<strong>is</strong> Sinagani siZliere, m<strong>is</strong>i individualuroba Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />

am ZalaSi, TviTmyofadoba m<strong>is</strong> gancdebsa <strong>da</strong> gamoxatul<br />

manerebSi, <strong>da</strong>kvirvebuloba <strong>da</strong> SorsmWvreteloba yovel<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>dgmul nabijze, pirmoTneoba <strong>da</strong> muqara mtrebTan.<br />

gasaTval<strong>is</strong>winebelia garemo, sa<strong>da</strong>c xdeba qmedeba, anu<br />

realizeba sakuTari Sexedulebeb<strong>is</strong>.<br />

materialur garemosa <strong>da</strong> pirovnebas Sor<strong>is</strong><br />

SeuTavsebloba imdenad mkveTria, rom am WidilSi<br />

8

<strong>da</strong>uZlurebuli a<strong>da</strong>miani pasiuric ki xdeba moWarbebuli<br />

emocieb<strong>is</strong> zemoqmedeb<strong>is</strong>as. pirovnebaTa Sor<strong>is</strong> gavlen<strong>is</strong><br />

sferoeb<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>nawileb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxi, maTi Sinagani<br />

metamorfozulob<strong>is</strong> warmoCen<strong>is</strong> mixedviT wydeba.<br />

faS<strong>is</strong>tur germaniaSi fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> statusiT<br />

aRWurvili r. hes<strong>is</strong> pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi m<strong>is</strong><br />

naklebaqtiur qmedebaTa tipiur ritms ganasaxiereb<strong>da</strong>. dRes,<br />

<strong>da</strong>interesebuli sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, albaT, ucnobi <strong>da</strong>rCebo<strong>da</strong><br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> socialur-politikuri rol<strong>is</strong> gansazRvr<strong>is</strong> pozitiuri<br />

Tu arapozitiuri maCveneblebi, rom ara 1941 wl<strong>is</strong> 10 ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>is</strong>toriuli movlena. ingl<strong>is</strong>Si fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

eqstravaganturoba, m<strong>is</strong>i uprecedento warmosaxv<strong>is</strong> dinamikaSi<br />

mdgomareobs. goniereb<strong>is</strong> zRvari arsebul<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> realur<strong>is</strong><br />

SigniT, Tanabrob<strong>is</strong> siptomebs aSkarad gamoricxavs, rac maTi<br />

gamijvn<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i koordinaci<strong>is</strong> ilustrireb<strong>is</strong><br />

saSualebas iZleva.<br />

adolf hitler<strong>is</strong> faruli monawileoba hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenaSi,<br />

individualuri midgom<strong>is</strong> uCveulo inertulobiT gamovlenili,<br />

cnobiereb<strong>is</strong> umaRles stadiaze aprobirebuli pirovnebaTa<br />

monacemeb<strong>is</strong> Serwym<strong>is</strong> Tanxvdomi baz<strong>is</strong>ia. r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba fiurer<strong>is</strong>admi Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT stabilur<br />

xasiaTs Rebulob<strong>da</strong>, rac urTierTobaSi wonasworob<strong>is</strong><br />

balans<strong>is</strong> maqsimaluri SenarCuneb<strong>is</strong> safuZvelia.<br />

pirovnebaTa urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong> msazRvrelobiTi<br />

buneba <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i roli politikaSi, namdvilad gamoricxavs im<br />

faqts, rom hitlerma araferi ico<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>i moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. gafren<strong>is</strong> motiveb<strong>is</strong> zogadi<br />

9

xasiaT<strong>is</strong> nairsaxeoba konstruqciuli model<strong>is</strong> Seqmn<strong>is</strong><br />

variaciaa.<br />

mesame raix<strong>is</strong> beladi Tav<strong>is</strong> kanonzomier rols aRasrulebs,<br />

ar Ralatobs ra Tav<strong>is</strong>i moadgil<strong>is</strong> politikur maqinaciaSi<br />

manevrireb<strong>is</strong> Cveul meTodebs. politik<strong>is</strong> saqme Car<strong>da</strong>xs gavs. am<br />

SemTxvevaSi, aravin uwy<strong>is</strong> rogor warmarTavs mas politikuri<br />

amindi. naadrevi prognozireba miaxloebuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

realobas, magram ara asi procentiT. kiTxv<strong>is</strong> niSneb<strong>is</strong><br />

Camocileba umoqmedob<strong>is</strong> garantia <strong>da</strong> meti araferi. aqamde<br />

mosasvleli gza miraJia, ukan moixe<strong>da</strong>v <strong>da</strong> bundovnad moCans.<br />

ganvlili gza mexsierebaSi Semonaxuli tvirTia. a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

yovelTv<strong>is</strong> axl<strong>is</strong> ZiebaSia <strong>da</strong> ara Tav<strong>is</strong>i warsul<strong>is</strong> qeqvaSi. <strong>is</strong><br />

rac mtkivneulia, zogjer sasiamovnocaa, zogjer amazrzenic.<br />

aTasjer gaTelil gzaze svla TviTkmayofileb<strong>is</strong> ganc<strong>da</strong>s ver<br />

mogvaniWebs. mas molodini ar axlavs, Tumca aqvs <strong>da</strong>sasruli.<br />

mosalodneli safrTx<strong>is</strong> winaSe ,,<strong>da</strong>pataraveba” igivea, rac<br />

gulze mobjenili Tof<strong>is</strong> lul<strong>is</strong> realuri ganc<strong>da</strong>. SiSi<br />

safrTx<strong>is</strong> winaSe, arsebuli r<strong>is</strong>k<strong>is</strong> sindrom<strong>is</strong> Tanmdevi<br />

stereotipia. SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>Trguno SiSi, magram amiT ver aicileb<br />

safrTxes, Tumca m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>Zlev<strong>is</strong> saqmeSi ucilod <strong>da</strong>gvexmareba.<br />

SiSi im<strong>is</strong>a, rom gaamarTlo Seni arseboba sxva ramea. geSinia<br />

raRac ar <strong>da</strong>grCes <strong>da</strong>umTavrebeli, gamoumzeurebuli. a<strong>da</strong>mianma<br />

yoveli dRe rom CaTvalos ukanasknelad <strong>da</strong> icxovros <strong>is</strong>e,<br />

TiTqos m<strong>is</strong>i ukanaskneli dRea, sikvdil<strong>is</strong> piras imas ki ar<br />

gaixsenebs r<strong>is</strong>i gakeTebac SeZlo, aramed imas, r<strong>is</strong>i gakeTebac<br />

ver moaswroo. sinaklul<strong>is</strong> SegrZneba yofiTia <strong>da</strong> maSin, roca<br />

mmarTvels Segwevs Zala ar <strong>da</strong>kargo arcerTi wuTi <strong>da</strong><br />

gaaumjobeso <strong>is</strong>, r<strong>is</strong>i ar gakeTeb<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi mkv<strong>da</strong>rsac<br />

10

mogekiTxeba, un<strong>da</strong> Seiyvaro saqme. es movaleobacaa,<br />

valdebulebac <strong>da</strong> Cveulebac. mowiweb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> rid<strong>is</strong> xiluli<br />

komponenteb<strong>is</strong> gavlena xalxSi mmarTvel<strong>is</strong> mimarT imdenad<br />

didi un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom veraferma Searyios maTi rigebi.<br />

SeuZlebelia yvelas Tanabrad uyvarde, magram umravlesobas<br />

un<strong>da</strong> uyvarde. arasdros ar un<strong>da</strong> ifiqro, rom viRacas Tavi<br />

Seayvaro, aramed un<strong>da</strong> gaakeTo imgvarad, rac xalxSi<br />

enTuziazms gamoiwvevs. siyvaruli ki Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad mova. ratom<br />

uwo<strong>da</strong> r. hess xalxma ,,sind<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> patimari” Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi<br />

myof rudolfs anugeSebdnen lozungebiT ,,Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleba<br />

rudolf hess, <strong>is</strong> sind<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> patimaria”. biord<strong>is</strong> TqmiT, amas<br />

TviTon hesi ar moelo<strong>da</strong>, roca cix<strong>is</strong> galavn<strong>is</strong> meore mxares<br />

yiJina Semoesma, man <strong>da</strong>mTrgunavi yru xmiT Tqva: amaT raRa<br />

un<strong>da</strong>, sakmar<strong>is</strong>i ar ar<strong>is</strong> rac mom<strong>is</strong>ajes”. komen<strong>da</strong>nts<br />

ganumartavs: ,,es <strong>is</strong> ar ar<strong>is</strong>, rasac Sen fiqrob hess. es xalxi<br />

aq Sens <strong>da</strong>sacavad <strong>da</strong> gasaTav<strong>is</strong>ufleblad movi<strong>da</strong>.” hesi<br />

gamococxl<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> xal<strong>is</strong>iT aRniSna: ,,marTla”[2,200-201].<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> yofili moadgile ar elo<strong>da</strong> maseb<strong>is</strong>gan aseT did<br />

enTuziazms, radgan mas arasdros ucdia xalx<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> Tavi<br />

Seeyvarebia, Tumca yovelTv<strong>is</strong> cdilob<strong>da</strong> sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong><br />

interesi m<strong>is</strong> mimarT ar ganelebuliyo. ,,sad ar<strong>is</strong> samarTali” –<br />

ewera maT plakatebze. biords aseve uTqvams, rom <strong>is</strong>ini m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

<strong>da</strong>badeb<strong>is</strong> dR<strong>is</strong> mosalocad Seikribnen, amaze gaocebul hess<br />

warmouTqvams: ,,nuTu maT ician es, nuTu maT axsovT es”<br />

mmarTvelma yovelTv<strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong> SeZlos keTili neb<strong>is</strong><br />

SenarCuneba, xolo Tav<strong>is</strong> xelqveiTebSi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>inaxos<br />

modrekili guli, wmi<strong>da</strong> goneba <strong>da</strong> sufTa sind<strong>is</strong>i. a<strong>da</strong>mianSi<br />

Tavad un<strong>da</strong> idos erTguleba <strong>da</strong> ara moCvenebiTi ndoba. mcire<br />

11

gul<strong>is</strong>tkivili a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi aforiaqeb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>urwmuneblob<strong>is</strong><br />

talRas warmoSobs <strong>da</strong> maTSi araerTgvarovani gamijvn<strong>is</strong><br />

albaTobac metia. xalxs un<strong>da</strong> uyvardes Tav<strong>is</strong>i mmarTveli,<br />

saubaria zoga<strong>da</strong>d xalxze <strong>da</strong> ara mosaxleob<strong>is</strong> mxolod erT<br />

nawilze. umravlesob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>aRebi kandi<strong>da</strong>tura<br />

umciresob<strong>is</strong> realuri gakilv<strong>is</strong> sagani ver gaxdeba. es<br />

ukanaskneli, metwil, zomieri un<strong>da</strong> iyos. zogjer siCumeSic<br />

keTdeba politika. opozicia yovelTv<strong>is</strong> sustia Tu<br />

umciresobaSi <strong>da</strong>rCeba. demokratia srulebiT ar niSnavs<br />

mmarTvel<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>ustes. marTalia <strong>da</strong>saSvebia politikuri<br />

partieb<strong>is</strong>, klubeb<strong>is</strong>, TavSeyr<strong>is</strong> adgileb<strong>is</strong>, manifestacieb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

sxvaTa formireba opozici<strong>is</strong> mier, magram es srulebiT ar<br />

akninebs mmarTvel<strong>is</strong> Zalauflebas. piriqiT, es zogjer<br />

saWiroa m<strong>is</strong>i imij<strong>is</strong> formireb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> srulyof<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>.<br />

saxelmwifos meTaur<strong>is</strong> mzrunvelob<strong>is</strong> qveS myofi mosaxleob<strong>is</strong><br />

absolituri umravlesob<strong>is</strong> rwmena ar un<strong>da</strong> Seiryes, radgan<br />

umciresobaSi yovelTv<strong>is</strong> moiazreba ukmayofilo a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong><br />

ricxvi. mmarTvelma maT umravlesobaSi ga<strong>da</strong>nacvleb<strong>is</strong><br />

stimuli un<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>ces <strong>da</strong> saam<strong>is</strong>o gza <strong>da</strong>anaxos, magram ara<br />

Zal<strong>is</strong>mieri gziT. zeaRmarTuli ,,muSti” maSinve ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>eSvas, an<strong>da</strong> ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>eSvas umoqmedod. gaube<strong>da</strong>vad<br />

wamowyebuli saqme ugulo kac<strong>is</strong> naxelavs gavs, romelic<br />

Sedegs ar elodeba, radgan ver xe<strong>da</strong>vs an ic<strong>is</strong>, rom<br />

verasdros ver <strong>da</strong>inaxavs.<br />

saxelmwifos principeb<strong>is</strong> simboluri <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong><br />

ufleba-movaleob<strong>is</strong> ganmsazRvreli atributicaa, romelic<br />

mocemuli sakiTx<strong>is</strong> proporciuli Tu ukuproporciuli<br />

aspeqteb<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>ebur konglomerats warmoadgens. <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong><br />

12

xelovneb<strong>is</strong> es gansazRvra wmin<strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong>toriuli ganxilv<strong>is</strong><br />

sagania, romelic erTmaneTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli faqteb<strong>is</strong><br />

mozRvavebas ver gaumklavdebo<strong>da</strong>, rom ara Sinagani goniTi<br />

principi, rac SesaZlebels xd<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>toriuli faqteb<strong>is</strong><br />

mowesrigebas, klasifikacias <strong>da</strong> Tu gnebavT, gaerTianebas.<br />

Tumca, individ<strong>is</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari aqtiuri sijiut<strong>is</strong><br />

TviTSegneb<strong>is</strong> fonze, harmoniul SeTavsebaSi verasdros ver<br />

mova. piriqiT, sapir<strong>is</strong>piro Zalebi erTmaneTs ebrZvian <strong>da</strong><br />

dundebian, <strong>is</strong>ev ebrZvian, rogorc, magaliTad, mecnieruli <strong>da</strong><br />

miTosuri azrovneba. a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> gon<strong>is</strong> faqtiuri ganviTareba<br />

aseTi harmoniuli mTlianob<strong>is</strong> mudmivi winaaRmdegia, magram<br />

permanentuli movleneb<strong>is</strong> vakuumSi wonasworob<strong>is</strong> eqvivalenti<br />

usaTuod SesaZlebelia. e. i. erTi faqt<strong>is</strong> meor<strong>is</strong> gagrZelebad<br />

miCneva, sinTezuri aucileblob<strong>is</strong> produqtia.<br />

inteleqtualuri oaz<strong>is</strong>i individTa Camoyalibeb<strong>is</strong> msazRvrel<br />

struqturas qmn<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> pirovnebas qvecnobierad ayalibebs.<br />

cnobiereba ki a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> moZravi, mkvebavi meqanizmia. impulsebi<br />

qcevebSi a<strong>is</strong>axeba, instiqti qmedebebSi. qceva qmedeba sulac<br />

araa, aramed erTi meor<strong>is</strong> gagrZelebaa. keTilSobileba<br />

yovelTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>debiT muxts warmoqmn<strong>is</strong>. zogjer im<strong>is</strong> SegrZnebac<br />

SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>geuflos, rom es a<strong>da</strong>miani xelaxla aRmoaCine <strong>da</strong><br />

es, SeiZleba, mravali wl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg moxdes. <strong>mTavari</strong><br />

WeSmariteb<strong>is</strong> SegrZnebaa <strong>da</strong> masze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli uryevi<br />

realoba. WeSmariteb<strong>is</strong> garduvaloba niSnavs imas, rom<br />

Tava<strong>da</strong>c am WeSmariteb<strong>is</strong> nawili iyo. keTilSobileba<br />

ampartavnoba rodia, arc TviTnebobaa m<strong>is</strong>i nayofi. yovelive es<br />

liderma kargad un<strong>da</strong> uwyodes manam, sanam mmarTvelob<strong>is</strong><br />

sa<strong>da</strong>veebs aiRebdes xelSi. saxelmwifos meTaur<strong>is</strong> winaSe SiSi<br />

13

gaumarTlebelia. SiSi ,,patara kac<strong>is</strong>” Tanmdevi Tv<strong>is</strong>ebaa,<br />

s<strong>is</strong>ust<strong>is</strong> mimaniSnebelia, romelic sabolood sikvdil<strong>is</strong><br />

SiSTan asocirdeba. neb<strong>is</strong>mieri sax<strong>is</strong>a Tu mimarTuleb<strong>is</strong> SiSi<br />

aq iyr<strong>is</strong> Tavs. Tu Zlieri xar, ukv<strong>da</strong>veb<strong>is</strong> STagonebiT imosebi,<br />

Tumca ici, rom sikvdili garduvalia <strong>da</strong> masTan Segueba<br />

gixdeba. mxolod imedi grCeba, rom es maSin moxdeba, roca <strong>is</strong><br />

ar iqnebi, vinc axla xar. aramed sxva a<strong>da</strong>miani sxva<br />

ganzomilebaSi. r. hesi Tav<strong>is</strong> meuRles Seqspir<strong>is</strong> sityvebs<br />

wer<strong>da</strong>: ,,yvelaze meti sakvirveleba, rac me odesme gamigia, <strong>is</strong><br />

gaxlavT, rom a<strong>da</strong>mians SiS<strong>is</strong> grZnoba un<strong>da</strong> qondes, xolo rac<br />

Seexeba gar<strong>da</strong>uval sikvdils, igi Tav<strong>is</strong> droze mova”[13,100].<br />

yvela mmarTvelma un<strong>da</strong> ifiqros ukv<strong>da</strong>vebaze maSinac ki, roca<br />

cocxali aRar iqneba. saam<strong>is</strong>od, STamomavlobas un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>utovos keTili saqmeebi <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> furclebze gacxadebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> gacocxlebuli matianeSi. Zlevamosili SaravandediT<br />

gadidkacebuli sxv<strong>is</strong>i cxovreb<strong>is</strong> gaumjobesebaSi un<strong>da</strong><br />

xe<strong>da</strong>vdes gamosavals, radgan qveyn<strong>is</strong> keTildReob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />

brZolaSi yvela Tanabaria. am qveyanaSi mosvl<strong>is</strong> arsi un<strong>da</strong><br />

gamarTldes gakeTebuli kargi saqmeeb<strong>is</strong> sididiTa <strong>da</strong><br />

mravalricxovnebiT, uaRresad patiosani <strong>da</strong> wrfeli gziT,<br />

naamagari mizan<strong>da</strong>saxulobiT. liderma un<strong>da</strong> igrZnos, rom Sen<br />

ar gaviwydeba, <strong>is</strong> mmarTvelia. es m<strong>is</strong> keTilSobilebas<br />

siTamames ki ar Sematebs, aramed pativ<strong>is</strong>cemiT ganawyobs<br />

Sen<strong>da</strong>mi <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i ndob<strong>is</strong> mopoveb<strong>is</strong> saTavec iqve Cndeba, <strong>is</strong>eve<br />

rogorc hitler - hes<strong>is</strong> pirad urTierTobaSi gamovlin<strong>da</strong>.<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> faqteb<strong>is</strong> siuxve<br />

tipiuri realob<strong>is</strong> eqvivalentia. movlenaTa sinqronuli<br />

warmosaxv<strong>is</strong> am landSaftSi sasicocxlo faseulobani<br />

14

moCvenebiTi iluzieb<strong>is</strong> fonze qreba <strong>da</strong> eqscentrulob<strong>is</strong><br />

adeqvaturi xdeba. ucnauri siaxl<strong>is</strong> es mZlavri impulsebi<br />

<strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> gamoZaxilad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgile, faqtobrivad, epoq<strong>is</strong> moTxovnileb<strong>is</strong> fanatikuri<br />

msxverpli Seiqna, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc sxva <strong>is</strong>toriuli personaJebi,<br />

romlebic epoqaluri STagoneb<strong>is</strong> movlenaTa wiaRSi vulkanuri<br />

siTamamiTa Tu gambe<strong>da</strong>obiT gamoirCeodnen. dro<strong>is</strong> SegrZneba<br />

yvelaze didi stimulia amqveynad.<br />

15

<strong>is</strong>toriografia<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> zogad-SemecnebiTi<br />

nairsaxeoba, kvlev<strong>is</strong> konstruqciuli model<strong>is</strong> gansxvavebul<br />

modifikacias gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs. sakvlevi resurseb<strong>is</strong> monacemeb<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvelze, am m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> realuri suraT<strong>is</strong> warmosaxva<br />

gonebrivi virtuozulobiT xasiaTdeba. gancdil<strong>is</strong> analizi,<br />

siRrm<strong>is</strong>euli wvdom<strong>is</strong> survil<strong>is</strong> yofiereba, TviTSemecneb<strong>is</strong><br />

RirebulebaTa tolfasovania. <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> Semecneb<strong>is</strong> arsebiTob<strong>is</strong><br />

gaazreba SefardebiTia <strong>da</strong> es cneba, ukuCvenebeb<strong>is</strong> reglaments<br />

ar arRvevs. azrTa urTierTmonacvleoba mosazreb<strong>is</strong><br />

araerTgvarovani gacvl<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Camoyalibeb<strong>is</strong> Cveul<br />

kriteriumebs ar cdeba <strong>da</strong> gegmazomieri klasifikaci<strong>is</strong><br />

graviuras srulebiT ar qmn<strong>is</strong>. ,,<strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> SenaZen<strong>is</strong>” marTebuli<br />

maxasiaTeblebiT savse naSromi, zoga<strong>da</strong>d, graciozulob<strong>is</strong><br />

ukv<strong>da</strong>vi Tav<strong>is</strong>eburebiT gamoirCeva.<br />

mTel rig samecniero gamokvlevebsa <strong>da</strong> monografiebSi<br />

TanmimdevrobiTaa gadmocemuli r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> wina mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi, hitler<strong>is</strong> codn<strong>is</strong><br />

faqt<strong>is</strong> saeWvo aRiareba, didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> saidumlo samsaxur<strong>is</strong><br />

roli am m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> ganxorcielebasa <strong>da</strong> warumatebulobaSi,<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> germaniaSi cxovreb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> moRvaweob<strong>is</strong>,<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si m<strong>is</strong>i patimrob<strong>is</strong> xan<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> bolos, niurnberg<strong>is</strong><br />

samxedro sasamarTlosa <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong> mier samu<strong>da</strong>mo<br />

patimrobam<strong>is</strong>jili ,,Span<strong>da</strong>us bina<strong>da</strong>r<strong>is</strong>” amsaxveli dokumenturi<br />

masalebi. memuaruli sax<strong>is</strong> naSromebSi, mcire adgili aqvs<br />

<strong>da</strong>Tmobili am sakiTx<strong>is</strong> garkvevas. naklebad ar<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli avtor<strong>is</strong> xedva, samagierod Warba<strong>da</strong>a am<br />

16

movlen<strong>is</strong>admi calsaxa <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong> Segnebulad<br />

<strong>da</strong>ukonkretebeli faqtebi.<br />

bunebrivia, mTeli am period<strong>is</strong> mdi<strong>da</strong>r literaturul<br />

masalebs, rogorc Cvens mier gamoyenebul wyaroTmcodneob<strong>is</strong><br />

bazas gverds ver avuvliT, magram r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> analitikuri Sefasebeb<strong>is</strong>a Tu kolosaluri<br />

Sromatevadob<strong>is</strong> farTo speqtr<strong>is</strong> mixedviT, Tavs uflebas<br />

mivcemT, pirvel rigSi <strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT saqarTveloSi gamocemuli<br />

profesor levan svanaZ<strong>is</strong> fun<strong>da</strong>metaluri naSromi 2 tomad: ,,r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> saidumlo”. gamocemulia quTa<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

2003-2005w.w. meore rigSi, ingl<strong>is</strong>eli avtor<strong>is</strong> piter pedfild<strong>is</strong><br />

unikaluri gamokvleva: ,,hesi hitler<strong>is</strong> Tanameinaxe”, romelic<br />

1999w. gamoica smolenskSi. rogorc erT, <strong>is</strong>e meore<br />

monografiaSi gadmocemulia rigi <strong>is</strong>toriuli faqtebi <strong>da</strong> am<br />

sakiTx<strong>is</strong>admi sakuTari obieqturi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli swrafva, mecnieruli siaxleeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>uokebeli<br />

Zieba <strong>da</strong> warmoCena, magram ara Tavsmoxveuli <strong>da</strong>Jinebuli<br />

mtkicebulebani, romelic mkiTxvelSi uTuod gaRizianebas<br />

iwvevs. yovel mecnierul siaxleze gakeTebuli diplomatiuri<br />

svla moulodnelobiT gamowveuli emocieb<strong>is</strong> paralelurad,<br />

droSi wuTieri gaazreb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas ar gv<strong>is</strong>pobs. e. i.<br />

urTierTqmedeb<strong>is</strong> Tanxvdomi reagireb<strong>is</strong> procesSi erTi meor<strong>is</strong><br />

zemoqmedebas ver axerxebs <strong>da</strong> goneb<strong>is</strong> nebayoflobiTi<br />

<strong>da</strong>myolob<strong>is</strong> uiSviaTesi unariT gamoirCeva. am naSromeb<strong>is</strong><br />

maRalefeqturoba mdgomareobs imaSic, rom mkiTxvelSi<br />

avtor<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>rwmuneb<strong>is</strong> instiqti ar iRviZebs, roca erTsa <strong>da</strong><br />

imave faqt<strong>is</strong>admi gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba yalibdeba.<br />

saTanadod argumentirebuli, <strong>da</strong>xvewili logikuri<br />

17

TanmimdevrobiT warmodgenili es ori naSromi TiTqos<br />

kompleqsur SemoqmedebaTa Sedevrs warmoadgens, magram im<strong>is</strong><br />

aRiarebiT, rom TviT Semoqmedebaa meore, xolo pirveli am<br />

SemoqmedebaTa Sedevri.<br />

qarTvel profesors, <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli monografi<strong>is</strong><br />

bibliografiaSi, gansxvavebiT ingl<strong>is</strong>eli avtor<strong>is</strong>, p.<br />

pedfild<strong>is</strong>agan, mocemuli aqvs saarqivo masalebi, mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />

memuaruli masala. <strong>da</strong>ujerebelia, ingl<strong>is</strong>eli mkvlevari,<br />

uinston CerCil<strong>is</strong> an gnebavT, entoni iden<strong>is</strong> memuarebs<br />

gacnobili ar iyos. m<strong>is</strong>i naSrom<strong>is</strong> gacnob<strong>is</strong>as, wign<strong>is</strong><br />

bibliografiul nawilSi memuareb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>usaxelobiT gamowveuli<br />

es iluzia qreba. Tu ratom moiqca amgvarad _ sakiTxi Cveni<br />

<strong>da</strong>intereseb<strong>is</strong> sagans am etapze ar warmoadgens.<br />

samecniero mimoqcevaSi l. svanaZ<strong>is</strong> mier sruliad axali,<br />

mecnieruli siaxl<strong>is</strong> Semotanam, vgul<strong>is</strong>xmobT ra ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

yofili mef<strong>is</strong> eduard VIII–<strong>is</strong> nac<strong>is</strong>teb<strong>is</strong> mier <strong>da</strong>gegmili<br />

gataceb<strong>is</strong> motivad fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgileSi gacvl<strong>is</strong> versias, ukan<br />

Camoitova pedfild<strong>is</strong>euli maxvilgonivruli mosazrebebi <strong>da</strong> am<br />

sakiTxSi yovl<strong>is</strong>SemZle sensaciurob<strong>is</strong> mowmeni <strong>da</strong> Tanamoazreni<br />

gagvxa<strong>da</strong>.<br />

profesor l. svanaZ<strong>is</strong> uTuod did <strong>da</strong>msaxurebad un<strong>da</strong><br />

CaiTvalos m<strong>is</strong>i monografi<strong>is</strong> pirvel tomSi vrclad<br />

gaSuqebuli nacional-social<strong>is</strong>turi parti<strong>is</strong> mTeli <strong>is</strong>toria,<br />

im period<strong>is</strong> saidumlo organizacieb<strong>is</strong>, ingl<strong>is</strong>Si ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong><br />

parti<strong>is</strong>” arsebob<strong>is</strong>, am parti<strong>is</strong> wevreb<strong>is</strong> vinaob<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

saqmianob<strong>is</strong> Seswavla-gamomzeureb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxebi. am monografiaSi<br />

aseve vawydebiT ukve aSkarad gajerebul mtkicebulebebs, r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenaSi hitler<strong>is</strong> aramarto codn<strong>is</strong> faqts, aramed,<br />

18

ufro metic, m<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>iaSi am ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> monawileob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

naSromSi Warba<strong>da</strong>a etimologiuri SeniSvnebi. aq, mTeli<br />

sicxadiTaa warmodgenili landsberg<strong>is</strong> cixeSi ori germaneli<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>ti figur<strong>is</strong> gacnoba-<strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxi, rac SemdgomSi<br />

permanentul megobrobaSi <strong>da</strong> politikur TanacxovrebaSi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>izar<strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong>e, rom maTi urTierTob<strong>is</strong>as lavireb<strong>is</strong> meTodi ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>rRveula. meore tomSi aranakleb saintereso<strong>da</strong>a<br />

gadmocemuli r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si <strong>da</strong>patimreb<strong>is</strong>, niurnberg<strong>is</strong><br />

proces<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi patimrob<strong>is</strong> amsaxveli realuri<br />

fragmentebi, romelic <strong>da</strong>intereseb<strong>is</strong> Cveul kriteriumebs<br />

scdeba <strong>da</strong> im movlenebSi, TiTqos, ,,sakuTari me”-s<br />

monawileob<strong>is</strong> ganc<strong>da</strong>s gvitovebs. es ki, u<strong>da</strong>vod, avtor<strong>is</strong> wer<strong>is</strong><br />

stil<strong>is</strong>, Txrob<strong>is</strong>admi gaZlierebuli STabeWdilebeb<strong>is</strong><br />

Semateb<strong>is</strong>, arsebul<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> realurs Sor<strong>is</strong> sxvaob<strong>is</strong> SesaZlo<br />

<strong>da</strong>naxviTaa SesaZlebeli.<br />

momdevno naSromad un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT bernad hiuton<strong>is</strong><br />

,,rudolf hesi, kaci <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i m<strong>is</strong>ia”. gamocemulia londonSi,<br />

1970w. wigns epigrafad wamZRvarebuli aqvs u. CerCil<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

Sopenhauer<strong>is</strong> pasaJebi, xolo eiri nirs _ 70-iani wleb<strong>is</strong><br />

cnobil parlamentars _ <strong>da</strong>uweria winasityvaoba.<br />

es wigni Sinaarsobrivad yuradRebas u<strong>da</strong>vod ipyrobs.<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>eli mwerl<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli Txrob<strong>is</strong><br />

uSualobiTa <strong>da</strong> s<strong>is</strong>a<strong>da</strong>viT gadmocemulia hes<strong>is</strong> SotlandiaSi<br />

Cafren<strong>is</strong> konkretuli detalebi. iqmneba im<strong>is</strong> STabeWdilebac,<br />

rom hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb ico<strong>da</strong> ara marto<br />

hitlerma, aramed alfred rozenbergma, hitler<strong>is</strong> piradma<br />

mZRolma bauerma, romelmac hess fiurer<strong>is</strong> nebarTviT ga<strong>da</strong>sca<br />

ruka fren<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> akrZaluli zoneb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, maSin roca<br />

19

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgiles m<strong>is</strong>ive brZanebiT frena ekrZalebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

aseve ico<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> piradma mZRolma lipertma <strong>da</strong> adiutantebma:<br />

karl hainc pinCma <strong>da</strong> laitgenma. am wignSi gamokveTila<strong>da</strong>a<br />

naCvenebi, rom hes<strong>is</strong> gafrena faS<strong>is</strong>turi diplomati<strong>is</strong> arc Tu<br />

mcire xniT momzadebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmili manevri gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, rom<br />

hitleri Tavi<strong>da</strong>n bolomde iyo gacnobierebuli am sakiTxSi.<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT, TviT hercog hamilton<strong>is</strong> ∗ vaJ<strong>is</strong> jeims<br />

duglas hamilton<strong>is</strong> wigni _ ,,m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> motivi”. es wigni mam<strong>is</strong><br />

mier <strong>da</strong>tovebuli masaleb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>werili. naSromSi<br />

mocemulia metad saintereso faqtebi, maT Sor<strong>is</strong> 16 ma<strong>is</strong>s ∗∗<br />

hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> mefesTan, georgi VI-Tan Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

ai, ras wers <strong>is</strong>: ,,giorgi VI momx<strong>da</strong>riT Zalian gaocebuli<br />

Can<strong>da</strong>. hercogma aRuwera mas suraTi, xolo ramdenime DdR<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg gaugzavna moxseneba hes<strong>is</strong> Camofren<strong>is</strong> Taobaze, romelic<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>trsac ga<strong>da</strong>eca”-o[10,175].<br />

hercog<strong>is</strong> mefesTan audienci<strong>is</strong> faqtze p. pedfildic.<br />

mogviTxrobs: ,,mefe cocxlad interesdebo<strong>da</strong> STabeWdilebiT,<br />

romelic hesma moaxdina hamiltonze. amasTan erTad, maT<br />

ganuxilavT sakiTxi, Tu rogor SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

saxel<strong>is</strong> Camowmen<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> Camofren<strong>is</strong> usaqmo miTqma-moTqm<strong>is</strong>agan<br />

[40,377].<br />

j. d. hamilton<strong>is</strong> wignSi ignorirebulia berlin<strong>is</strong><br />

olimpia<strong>da</strong>ze hercog<strong>is</strong> hesTan gacnob<strong>is</strong> faqti, rac TviT<br />

hercogma uaryo ingl<strong>is</strong>Si hesTan saubr<strong>is</strong> procesSic. magram<br />

a<strong>da</strong>sturebs imave berlin<strong>is</strong> olimpia<strong>da</strong>ze myofi henri Cenoni<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong> dRiurebSi.<br />

∗ v<strong>is</strong>Tanac hesi mifrinav<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

∗∗ e. i. hes<strong>is</strong> gafreni<strong>da</strong>n 6 dR<strong>is</strong> Semdeg<br />

20

wignSi ,,m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> motivi” gadmocemulia SIS-<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

l<strong>is</strong>aboni<strong>da</strong>n gamogzavnili weril<strong>is</strong> xelSi Cagdeb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

moyvanilia TviT am weril<strong>is</strong> Sinaarsic, vinme ,,A”-s avtorebiT.<br />

aseve hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> gamoZaxeba <strong>da</strong>zvervaSi <strong>da</strong> maT Sor<strong>is</strong><br />

gamarTuli dialog<strong>is</strong> aRwera, romelic Seexebo<strong>da</strong> l<strong>is</strong>abonSi<br />

hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> albrext haushofer<strong>is</strong> SesaZlo<br />

samomavlo Sexvedras.<br />

ser henri Cenoni, metsaxelad ,,Cipsi”, im dros metad<br />

popularuli kaci did britaneTSi, msoflioSi<br />

saxelganTqmuli gineseb<strong>is</strong> siZe, hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tav<strong>is</strong> memuarebSi aRniSnavs:<br />

,,12.05.41. forin of<strong>is</strong>Si gavrcel<strong>da</strong> eqstraordinaluri<br />

ambavi, rom germanii<strong>da</strong>n Camofrin<strong>da</strong> mSvidob<strong>is</strong> despani,<br />

romelsac hercog hamiltonTan raRac kontaqti hqonia.<br />

13.05.41. radiom hes<strong>is</strong> Camofrena gvauwya. ucnaurad sar<strong>is</strong>ko<br />

<strong>da</strong> RirsSesaniSnavi gabedulebaa. mTeli dRe xalxi Woraobs<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tur germaniaSi ganxeTqileb<strong>is</strong> Taobaze. Tumca, me es ar<br />

mjera. hesma erTxel honori <strong>da</strong> me migviwvia berlinSi, Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

ojaxSi sadilze, olimpiuri TamaSeb<strong>is</strong> dros. Cven uari<br />

vuTxariT, magram kargad maxsovs, rom ,,duglo” klaidsdeili ∗<br />

wavi<strong>da</strong> hesTan, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc pat jersi. ∗∗ msofliom ar ic<strong>is</strong>,<br />

rom hercogi am gziT iyo CaTreuli am <strong>is</strong>toriaSi. . . [8,304].<br />

un<strong>da</strong> movixsenioT metad saintereso publikacia, romelic<br />

ekuTvn<strong>is</strong> Span<strong>da</strong>us cix<strong>is</strong> yofil amerikel komen<strong>da</strong>ts iujin<br />

biords, saxelwodebiT: ,,yvelaze martoxela kaci msoflioSi”.<br />

i. biordma arakomunikabelur nac<strong>is</strong>t-patimarTan miaRwia imas,<br />

∗ rogorc maSin hercog hamiltons eZaxdnen<br />

∗∗ ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> delegaci<strong>is</strong> wevri berlinSi, olimpiur TamaSebze _ patrik jersi, SemdegSi<br />

lordi jersi.<br />

21

om m<strong>is</strong>admi keTilganwyoba moipova. Tumca, mainc didi roli<br />

dro<strong>is</strong> faqtorma iTamaSa. 30 wliani ,,TanamSromloba” ∗∗∗ gax<strong>da</strong><br />

maTive <strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong> stimuli. bunebrivia, mTeli am wleb<strong>is</strong><br />

ganmavlobaSi cix<strong>is</strong> sakanSi xSiri stumroba <strong>da</strong> patimr<strong>is</strong>admi<br />

Tbili mopyroba r. hes<strong>is</strong> civi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong> Secvl<strong>is</strong> sababi<br />

Seiqna. patimarma masTan aRiara ,,barbarosas gegm<strong>is</strong>” arsebob<strong>is</strong><br />

codn<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, riTac <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura Tav<strong>is</strong>i m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> politikuri<br />

<strong>da</strong>tvirTva. amasTan, biordma r. hes<strong>is</strong> Seuracxa<strong>da</strong>d<br />

gamocxadeb<strong>is</strong> uZleveli miTi <strong>da</strong>amsxvria <strong>da</strong> sruli<br />

gabedulebiT ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom es a<strong>da</strong>miani savsebiT normaluria<br />

<strong>da</strong> bevr<strong>is</strong>gan gasakvirad, gul<strong>is</strong>xmieri <strong>da</strong> iumor<strong>is</strong> mqone.<br />

winamdebare sakvlevi Tem<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> aseve mniSvnelovania<br />

<strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT jeims lizor<strong>is</strong> wigni _ ,,rudolf hesi.<br />

<strong>da</strong>upatiJebeli mociquli”. es iyo pirveli monografia hes<strong>is</strong><br />

m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad, am wignSi pirvelad ar<strong>is</strong> naCvenebi<br />

karl <strong>da</strong> albrext haushofereb<strong>is</strong> roli hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

gafrenaSi. aq, pirvelad ar<strong>is</strong> gamoqveynebuli dokumenturi<br />

masalebi. maT Sor<strong>is</strong> mimowera mama-Svil haushoferebs Sor<strong>is</strong>,<br />

aseve maTsa <strong>da</strong> r. hess Sor<strong>is</strong>. mocemulia, friad sayuradRebo<br />

werili r. hes<strong>is</strong>admi a. haushofer<strong>is</strong> avtorobiT, <strong>da</strong>TariRebuli<br />

1940 w. 23 seqtembriT. aseve cnobilia, rom amave dRes al.<br />

haushoferma werili gaugzavna hercog hamiltons, romelic<br />

xelSi Cauvar<strong>da</strong> didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> samefo-sahaero Zaleb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>zvervas. am wigniT vityobT, rom albrextma imave wl<strong>is</strong> 23<br />

seqtembers werili miwera mamas, romelSic atyobineb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

ugzavni<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong>admi gagzavnili weril<strong>is</strong> asls, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

gansakuTrebuli Sinaars<strong>is</strong> gamo, masTan Senaxv<strong>is</strong> mizniT.<br />

∗∗∗ 1947 wli<strong>da</strong>n icnob<strong>da</strong> igi hess, ra droi<strong>da</strong>nac xsenebul sapatimroSi ganamweses <strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong><br />

oficrad<br />

22

j. lizor<strong>is</strong> mier gamoqveynebul dokumentTa Sor<strong>is</strong><br />

arsebobs kidev erTi mniSvnelovani dokumenti. es gaxlavT 1940<br />

w. 15 seqtembers berlinSi al. haushofer<strong>is</strong> mier Sedgenili<br />

dokumenti, romelsac ,,memorandumi” ewodeba. ∗ grifiT ,,TOP<br />

SECRET”. am memorandums aqvs qvesaTauri: ,,kidev arsebobs gana<br />

germanul-ingl<strong>is</strong>uri samSvidobo molaparakebaTa<br />

SesaZlebobebi”.<br />

rogorc irkveva, 1940 w. 8 seqtembers r. hess badgodesbergSi<br />

gamouZaxebia a. haushoferi. d<strong>is</strong>kusi<strong>is</strong> sagani<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zaveb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxze savaraudo molaparakeba<br />

yofila.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> meuRl<strong>is</strong> ilze priol<strong>is</strong> wigni<br />

,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> tyve”, romelic gamocemulia londonSi 1952 wels.<br />

wign<strong>is</strong> saTaur<strong>is</strong> mixedviT Cans, rom avtori Tav<strong>is</strong> meuRles<br />

mSvidob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sjils uwodeb<strong>da</strong>. ilzec, rudolf<strong>is</strong><br />

msgavsad, bed<strong>is</strong>wer<strong>is</strong> ganCineb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT cxovrob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> am<br />

STagonebiT azrovneb<strong>da</strong>. am wign<strong>is</strong> mizani gaxl<strong>da</strong>T<br />

sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> detaluri informaci<strong>is</strong> miwodeba ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong><br />

em<strong>is</strong>r<strong>is</strong>” Taobaze, rac patimar-hes<strong>is</strong> gaTav<strong>is</strong>uflebas <strong>is</strong>axav<strong>da</strong><br />

miznad. gar<strong>da</strong> am<strong>is</strong>a, ilzes interesebSi m<strong>is</strong>i meuRl<strong>is</strong> imij<strong>is</strong><br />

reabilitaciac Sedio<strong>da</strong>. rogorc ukve avRniSneT, ilze mas<br />

mSvidob<strong>is</strong> tyves uwodeb<strong>da</strong>. am wignSi naTqvamia, rom rudolf<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> idea saTaves safrangeT<strong>is</strong><br />

kapitulaci<strong>is</strong> dReebSi iRebs. avtori gvauwyebs: ,,marTalia me<br />

im azr<strong>is</strong>gan Sors viyavi, Cemi qmari iyo Tu ara sufTa xeleb<strong>is</strong><br />

mqone, radgan <strong>is</strong> xel<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> umaRles wreSi Sedio<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />

∗ Documents . . .C C / 109 COO2190-94. Memorandum by Dr Albrecht Haushofer. Leasor. op. cit. pp. 221-224<br />

23

naTlad maxsovs e. w. ,,montuar<strong>is</strong> politikam” ∗ Cems meuRleze<br />

sakmaod didi zegavlena moaxdinao. <strong>is</strong> erTaderTi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tTagan, romelic fiurer<strong>is</strong>agan kategoriulad moiTxov<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>marcxebuli safrangeT<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT msubuqi moTxovnebi<br />

waeyenebinaT”[13,23].<br />

wignSi ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> tyve” mocemulia ilze-rudolf<strong>is</strong><br />

korespodencia mravali wl<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi <strong>da</strong> saintereso<br />

detalebi, TviT hes<strong>is</strong> mier gaxsenebuli, rac fas<strong>da</strong>udebel<br />

pirvelwyarod un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT. ,,Cven Cvenive ganmartoebuloba<br />

gvifarav<strong>da</strong>” – wers ilze. erTaderTi <strong>is</strong> gvamSvideb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

kargad vicnobdi rudolfs, m<strong>is</strong> pozicias, azrovneb<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>eul<br />

models, loialob<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> patiosneb<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong> Seuryevel principebs,<br />

m<strong>is</strong> valdebulebamosilebas <strong>da</strong> gabedulebas”[13,24-25].<br />

am wignSi moyvanilia Zalian saintereso epizodi adolf<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> elza brukman<strong>is</strong> dialogi<strong>da</strong>n, romelic Sedga am<br />

ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> meuRl<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>saflavebaze. maT Sor<strong>is</strong> saubr<strong>is</strong><br />

Sinaarsi, romelic r. hessac Seexo, Tavad elza brukmans<br />

uambnia ilzesaTv<strong>is</strong>. dialogSi hitleri aSkarad wuxs<br />

rudolf<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargv<strong>is</strong> gamo <strong>da</strong> mas, fric todtTan ∗∗ erTad<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong> uaxloes a<strong>da</strong>mianad moixseniebs.<br />

,,bed<strong>is</strong>weram gaZarcva m<strong>is</strong>i warmateb<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebloba” –<br />

wers ilze, - gar<strong>da</strong> am<strong>is</strong>a Cveni epoq<strong>is</strong> sibrZne jer kidev Sors<br />

iyo mSvidob<strong>is</strong> idealeb<strong>is</strong>gan. <strong>swored</strong>, amitom <strong>da</strong><strong>is</strong>aja mudmivi<br />

patimrobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelmac mSvidob<strong>is</strong> interesebSi gabe<strong>da</strong><br />

xeli aRemarTa imdroindeli aur<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg”[13,27].<br />

∗<br />

montuari – patara qalaqia safrangeT<strong>is</strong> samxreT- <strong>da</strong>savleTiT. aq cdilob<strong>da</strong> petenTan<br />

Sexvedras hitleri ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg am qveyn<strong>is</strong> omSi Casabmelad<br />

∗∗ fric todti – nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>tri SeiaraReb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxSi<br />

24

wignSi mocemuli werilebi sam jgufad ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>yofili<br />

patimr<strong>is</strong> adgilsamyofel<strong>is</strong> mixedviT. TiToeul jgufs<br />

wamZRvarebuli aqvs werili, romelic uSualod hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenas<br />

exeba. aq gadmocemulia hes<strong>is</strong> piradi azrebi <strong>da</strong> gancdebi, rac<br />

uTuod niSandoblivi <strong>da</strong> mxedvelobaSi <strong>m<strong>is</strong>aRebia</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong> srulyofili warmosaxv<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>.<br />

albert Speer<strong>is</strong>, hitler<strong>is</strong> kar<strong>is</strong> arqiteqtor<strong>is</strong>,<br />

raixsmin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> memuarebi mniSvnelovani Rirebuleb<strong>is</strong>aa im<br />

mxriv, rom man Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi rudolf hesTan gaatara 20<br />

weli. maT Sor<strong>is</strong> saubrebi Seexebo<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

Temasac. pirvelad masTan <strong>da</strong>apira hesma gaxsniliyo, magram<br />

bolos mainc <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> saidumloebad <strong>da</strong>tova m<strong>is</strong>i ,,cxovreb<strong>is</strong><br />

gafren<strong>is</strong>” ♣ 2 es umniSvnelovanesi epizodi. Tavad Speeri hes<strong>is</strong><br />

gafrenas ingl<strong>is</strong>Si germaniaSi fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> prestiJ<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>cemiT xsn<strong>is</strong>. <strong>is</strong> amgvarad axasiaTebs mas: ,,igi iyo Zalze<br />

iolad <strong>da</strong>sagesli, gaxsnili, mgrZnobiare <strong>da</strong> TiTqm<strong>is</strong><br />

yovelTv<strong>is</strong> idga simarTl<strong>is</strong> mxareze <strong>da</strong>pir<strong>is</strong>pirebul mxareTa<br />

kamaT<strong>is</strong>as”[29,252].<br />

avtori xazs usvams haushofereb<strong>is</strong> rols m<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>iaSi.<br />

Speeri ar ambobs, rom hesi hitler<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sturiTa <strong>da</strong> nebiT<br />

gafrin<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si. <strong>is</strong>, moyvanili faqtebiT, cdilobs<br />

<strong>da</strong>asabuTos, rom fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />

moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>. ,,Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi – wers alberti, hesi sruliad<br />

seriozulad marwmuneb<strong>da</strong>, rom ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrena mas<br />

aramiwierma Zalebma STaagones Zil<strong>is</strong> procesSi”[29,258].<br />

albert Speeri Tav<strong>is</strong> memuarebSi aRwers im scenas,<br />

romelic bergxofSi gaTamaS<strong>da</strong>, hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong> meore dRes. <strong>is</strong><br />

♣ ase uwodeb<strong>da</strong> TviT r. hesi Tav<strong>is</strong> gafrenas<br />

25

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T TviTmxilveli im faqt<strong>is</strong>a, Tu rogor mokrZalebiT<br />

sTxova hes<strong>is</strong> umcrosma adiutantma karl hainc pinCma m<strong>is</strong>aReb<br />

oTaxSi momlodine todts, pirvelebi Cven mivalT hitlerTan<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> werili gvaqvso saswrafod ga<strong>da</strong>sacemi.<br />

wignSi Speers Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi hesTan saubreb<strong>is</strong><br />

saintereso amonaridebi moyavs. rogorc irkveva, erTxel<br />

alberts fiurer<strong>is</strong> yofili moadgil<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong> sityvebi<br />

uTqvams, romelic fiurerma Tqva, 1944 wl<strong>is</strong> 20 ivl<strong>is</strong>s masze<br />

mowyobili SeTqmuleb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg: ,,hesi aucileblad un<strong>da</strong><br />

CamoixrCoso”. hesma upasuxa: ,,<strong>is</strong> Semirigdebo<strong>da</strong> me, eWvic ar<br />

mepareba. albaT <strong>da</strong>meTanxmebiT, rom 1945 wels, rodesac<br />

yvelaferi mTavrdebo<strong>da</strong>, dro <strong>da</strong> dro igi Tav<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong><br />

fiqrob<strong>da</strong>: eSmakmac waiRos, hesi Turme marTali<br />

yofilao”[29,259].<br />

martin borman<strong>is</strong> dRiurebSi, romelic rusma mweralma lev<br />

bezimenskim gamoaqveyna, mocemulia hes<strong>is</strong> adiutant<strong>is</strong> karl<br />

hainc pinC<strong>is</strong> aRiarebiTi Cveneba, rodesac <strong>is</strong> rusebs Cauvar<strong>da</strong>T<br />

tyved. hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenamde ramdenime dRiT adre, fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgile wasula, pinC<strong>is</strong> TanxlebiT, miunxen<strong>is</strong><br />

radiosadgurSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c firze winaswar CauweriaT m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

gamosvla ,,ded<strong>is</strong> dResTan” <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, romelic<br />

axlovdebo<strong>da</strong> 18 ma<strong>is</strong>s. ,,es iyo pirveli SemTxveva – ixsenebs<br />

pinCi, rodesac winaswar iwerdnen m<strong>is</strong> sityvas firze. ukan<br />

mobruneb<strong>is</strong>as hesma amixsna, rom Tu ingl<strong>is</strong>elebTan<br />

molaparakeba gagrZeldebo<strong>da</strong>, bormani sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> im<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>tkicebas SeZlebs, rom TiTqos me germaniaSi vimyofebi”<br />

[37,115]. gafren<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, rodesac nac<strong>is</strong>tebma pinCi<br />

<strong>da</strong>apatimres, man es <strong>da</strong>kiTxvazec Tqva. magram gestapos m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

26

naTqvam<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>, m<strong>is</strong>ive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, araviTari<br />

yuraReba ar miuqcevia.<br />

Sarl gabel<strong>is</strong> ,,saidumlo saubrebi rudolf hesTan 1977-86<br />

wlebSi”, gamocemuli parizSi 1988 w., fas<strong>da</strong>udebel wyaros<br />

warmoadgens am sakiTx<strong>is</strong> ukeT Seswavl<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>.<br />

S. gabeli gaxl<strong>da</strong>T safrangeT<strong>is</strong> moqalaqe, warmoSobiT<br />

belgieli. adreul asakSi safrangeT<strong>is</strong> sazRvao flotSi<br />

mezRvaurad msaxurob<strong>da</strong>. Semdeg m<strong>is</strong>ionorobas mihyo xeli <strong>da</strong><br />

TiTqm<strong>is</strong> mTeli afrika Semoiara rogorc maswavlebelma,<br />

rogorc pastorma. miuRia SeTavazeba <strong>da</strong>savleT berlin<strong>is</strong> ukve<br />

erTaderTi patimr<strong>is</strong>, r. hes<strong>is</strong> sulieri mama gamx<strong>da</strong>riyo. un<strong>da</strong><br />

aRiniSnos, rom r. hesi kaTolike ar yofila, protestanti<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

momavalSi S. gabeli hes<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb ityv<strong>is</strong>: ,,me<br />

yoveldRiurad mzar<strong>da</strong>d mizi<strong>da</strong>vs es araCveulebrivi<br />

pirovneba. rogori ucnauri bedi, <strong>da</strong>ujerebeli od<strong>is</strong>ea <strong>da</strong><br />

xasiaT<strong>is</strong> rogori simtkice gaaCnia. amasTan, - ganagrZobs<br />

pastori – hesi ar<strong>is</strong> msoflioSi yvelaze ukeT <strong>da</strong>culi kaci,<br />

movlili, magram imavdroulad yvelaze <strong>da</strong>sjili a<strong>da</strong>miani”<br />

[11,63]. gabelTan saubarSi, r. hess uaryvia ebraelTa sastiki<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong> faqtebi: ,,me amas arasodes Cavidendi, araTu<br />

xels movawerdi an<strong>da</strong> gavcemdi aseTi sax<strong>is</strong> brZanebas”. roca<br />

gabelma ganmeorebiT hkiTxa sxva dros imave sakiTxze, hesma<br />

gaRizianebiT upasuxa: ,,me arasodes <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSauls, romelic Caidines gansakuTrebiT ebraeleb<strong>is</strong><br />

winaaRmdeg <strong>da</strong> aucileblad Cavereodi am saqmeSi, vinc ar<br />

un<strong>da</strong> mdgariyo m<strong>is</strong> ukan – fiureri Tu sxva vinme.”[11,313].<br />

moZRvari masTan saubarSi Sexebia ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> saxelmwifo<br />

27

arqivs, romelic <strong>da</strong>xurulia 2017 wlamde. ,,ingl<strong>is</strong>Si arsebobs<br />

erTob saintereso dosie – ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanel pirebTan<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> saubreb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. am dokumentebze xeli ar miuwvdebao<br />

arcerT <strong>is</strong>torikos Tu mkvlevars”. fiurer<strong>is</strong> yofil<br />

moadgiles amaze gaRimebia <strong>da</strong> uTqvams: ,,ratom mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc<br />

am TariRamde, ras un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes aseT saidumlos <strong>da</strong><br />

feTqebads, ase sagul<strong>da</strong>gulod <strong>da</strong>culi arqivi!”[11,37].<br />

am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT sakuTari mosazreba gaaCnia<br />

pastors. <strong>is</strong> ufro mets fiqrobs ingl<strong>is</strong>elTa iniciativaze<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> Span<strong>da</strong>uSi gamoketv<strong>is</strong> sakiTxze, vidre ruseb<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

[11,109]. gabeli erTgvari gul<strong>is</strong>tkiviliT aRniSnavs didi<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> saeWvo pasiurobas hes<strong>is</strong> gaTav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxSi.<br />

,,yvelaze didi saidumloebiTaa moculi ingl<strong>is</strong>Si hes<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>patimreb<strong>is</strong> faqti”[11,130-131]. moZRvari aseve xazs usvams<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> codnas hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> sakiTxTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. ,,gamoricxulia, rom aseTi erTguli <strong>da</strong><br />

uiniciativo pirovneba ingl<strong>is</strong>Si hitler<strong>is</strong> nebarTv<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

masTan moTaTbireb<strong>is</strong> gareSe wasuliyo”[11,131].<br />

Span<strong>da</strong>u<strong>da</strong>n wasuli gabeli saxl<strong>is</strong>ken mimavali sul hesze<br />

fiqrob<strong>da</strong> Turme, m<strong>is</strong> patiosnebaze, erTgulebaze <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>admi<br />

keTilmosurneobaze. <strong>is</strong> ixsenebs, roca gaciebuli mivedi<br />

masTan, sakuTari mSobeliviT m<strong>is</strong>ayvedura: ,,Tbilad ar<br />

gacviaT pastoroo”. Sarli gansakuTrebiT xazs usvam<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong><br />

upretenziobas. <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong> gamomdinare <strong>is</strong> fiqrob<strong>da</strong>, rogori<br />

morCili SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo hesi hitler<strong>is</strong>admi.<br />

Sarl gabels kontaqtebi qonia sasuliero pirebTan,<br />

politikur moRvaweebTan, Span<strong>da</strong>us direqtorat<strong>is</strong> wevrebTan,<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> ojax<strong>is</strong> wevrebTan. maT awodeb<strong>da</strong> informacias hes<strong>is</strong><br />

28

janmrTelob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> maTgan miRebul cnobebs awvdi<strong>da</strong><br />

hess sapatimroSi, rac fiurer<strong>is</strong> yofili moadgil<strong>is</strong> erTgvar<br />

kmayofilebas iwvev<strong>da</strong>. pastori yovel Rones xmarob<strong>da</strong> r. hesi<br />

cixi<strong>da</strong>n gaeTav<strong>is</strong>uflebiaT. mas araerTjer miumarTavs<br />

eklesieb<strong>is</strong>admi, Span<strong>da</strong>us cix<strong>is</strong> direqtorTaTv<strong>is</strong>, ebraelTa<br />

msoflio kongres<strong>is</strong> prezident<strong>is</strong> naum goldman<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>,<br />

romelsac Tanxmobac ki gamouTqvams humanurob<strong>is</strong> motiviT.<br />

gabel<strong>is</strong> wignSi saubaria m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i meuRl<strong>is</strong> megobrul<br />

vizitebze ilze hesTan. moZRvari ixsenebs ilzesTan saubr<strong>is</strong><br />

Sinaars. hes<strong>is</strong> meuRles pastorTan hitler<strong>is</strong> sityvebi<br />

gauxsenebia, romelic am ukanasknels Tav<strong>is</strong> mZRol<br />

kempbel<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> om<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mamTavrebel etapze uTqvams:<br />

,,nacional-socializms kargi rom araferi gaekeTebia, <strong>is</strong><br />

erTic eyofa, rom man r. hesi warmoSva”[11,240]. am sityvebiT<br />

SegviZlia <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom hes<strong>is</strong> renome hitler<strong>is</strong> TvalSi<br />

arasodes Seryeula, arc ingl<strong>is</strong>Si m<strong>is</strong>i gafren<strong>is</strong> dReebSi.<br />

Sarl gabeli warmogvidgens hes<strong>is</strong> pirovneb<strong>is</strong> portretul<br />

CanarTebs, m<strong>is</strong>i sul<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> goneb<strong>is</strong> sapir<strong>is</strong>piro elementebs. r.<br />

hesi loculob<strong>da</strong>, magram mas arasdros mounaniebia. moZRvar<strong>is</strong><br />

rCeviT, <strong>is</strong> wer<strong>da</strong> werilebs gaTav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, magram<br />

masSi ar igrZnobo<strong>da</strong> gul<strong>is</strong>tkivili, m<strong>is</strong>i warsul<strong>is</strong> gamo. <strong>is</strong><br />

suliT gautexeli Cavi<strong>da</strong> saflavSi. gabel<strong>is</strong> wigni<strong>da</strong>n<br />

vgebulobT, rom fiurer<strong>is</strong> yofil moadgiles <strong>da</strong>uweria<br />

anderZi, romelic ga<strong>da</strong>ucia moZRvr<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>. anderZSi <strong>is</strong><br />

iTxov<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i gvam<strong>is</strong> ojax<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>cemas <strong>da</strong> vunsidel<strong>is</strong><br />

saojaxo sasaflaoze <strong>da</strong>krZalvas. hesi kremaci<strong>is</strong> sastiki<br />

winaaRmdegi yofila[11,195].<br />

volf riudiger<strong>is</strong> wign<strong>is</strong> - ,,Cemi mama rudolf hesi” -<br />

29

gamosvl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, gabels saubari qonia avtor<strong>is</strong> mamasTan,<br />

patimar r. hesTan. mas mowoneba gamouxatavs, Tumca garkveuli<br />

sax<strong>is</strong> SeniSvnebi CamouTvlia. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gamoyofilia sami<br />

sax<strong>is</strong> SeniSvna: 1) ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> mier ya<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>Rebul romanSi ra<br />

saidumlo imalebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> iyvnen Tu ara ingl<strong>is</strong>elebi<br />

gulwrfelad ganwyobilni hes<strong>is</strong> gaTav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxSi. 2)<br />

didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> mier xom ar iyo Setyuebuli hesi<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si. 3) fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile did britaneTSi Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

iniciativiT gafrin<strong>da</strong> Tu fiurer<strong>is</strong> uSualo TanxmobiT. ,,hesi<br />

<strong>is</strong>men<strong>da</strong> amas yvelafers <strong>da</strong> arafers ambob<strong>da</strong>” - wers gabeli.<br />

rodesac cix<strong>is</strong> moZRvari mohyva mtkicebas, rom hitlerma hes<strong>is</strong><br />

gafrena winaswar ar ico<strong>da</strong>, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,<br />

saxelmwifos meTauri, romelic imavdroulad hesTan<br />

megobrob<strong>da</strong>, aseT r<strong>is</strong>kze ar wavido<strong>da</strong>, fiurer<strong>is</strong> yofilma<br />

moadgilem Tavi ver Seikava, SeaCera pastori, orTave TvalSi<br />

CaaSter<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mxolod ori sityva warmoTqva: ,,Zalian<br />

sainteresoa. am<strong>is</strong> arc uaryof<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> arc Tanxmob<strong>is</strong> cocxali<br />

faqtebi me TqvenTv<strong>is</strong> ar momiciao”. <strong>is</strong> saubarSi mxolod Tavs<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>iqnev<strong>da</strong> dumil<strong>is</strong> niSnad, an gverdze gaixe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong> dumil<strong>is</strong><br />

mopoveb<strong>is</strong> sanacvlod. rogorc Cans, hesi gaocebiT Sexv<strong>da</strong><br />

gabel<strong>is</strong> axal variants.<br />

,,CemTv<strong>is</strong> namdvili gamocanaa Tu ratom ar miSveben <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong>”<br />

- SeuCivlia erTxel hess moZRvar<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>. ,,CemTv<strong>is</strong> namdvili<br />

gamocana Tqvena xarT, her hess” – upasuxa gabelma. erTxel<br />

vkiTxe – wers gabeli, rame Seicvlebo<strong>da</strong> Tqveni warmateb<strong>is</strong><br />

SemTxvevaSi fiurer<strong>is</strong> yofil moadgiles <strong>da</strong>ufiqreblad<br />

warmouTqvams sityva ,,rasakvirvelia” <strong>da</strong> fiqrebSi wasula<br />

[11,351].<br />

30

fiurer<strong>is</strong> yofili moadgile moZRvar gabelTan saubarSi<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenas exeba. ar uaryofs, rom man ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

sazavo wina<strong>da</strong>debebi Caitana. ,,ingl<strong>is</strong>elebma zurgi Seaqcies<br />

om<strong>is</strong> Sewyvet<strong>is</strong> Sans”[11,276]. gabeli gvamcnobs, r. hesi Tavs<br />

mSvidob<strong>is</strong> em<strong>is</strong>rad Tvli<strong>da</strong>.<br />

devid irving<strong>is</strong> mier <strong>da</strong>werili – ,,<strong>da</strong>karguli wlebi 1941-<br />

1945ww.” _ monografiuli xasiaT<strong>is</strong> naSromi, erTob saintereso<br />

gaxlavT. igi moicavs hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si yofn<strong>is</strong> periods. aq<br />

saubaria niurnberg<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong> masalebze, Tumca wign<strong>is</strong><br />

saTauri 1945 wlamde mod<strong>is</strong>. albaT, avtori amiT xazs usvams<br />

im garemoebas, rom hes<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> aRniSnuli wlebi <strong>da</strong>karguli<br />

iyo, rameTu fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile aRar iyo. wign<strong>is</strong> avtori r.<br />

hess ,,a<strong>da</strong>mianTa modgm<strong>is</strong> patimars” uwodebs. mxedvelobaSi aqvs<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i xangrZlivi patimroba Span<strong>da</strong>uSi, TiTqm<strong>is</strong> 45 weli. devid<br />

irving<strong>is</strong> wigni iwyeba hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> mokle<br />

aRweriT, mogviTxrobs hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i madgil<strong>is</strong> Sexvedras<br />

1920 wels, ,,biurgerbraukeler<strong>is</strong>” ludxanaSi. ufro adre<br />

rudolfi megobr<strong>is</strong> rCeviT wasula mitingze ,,Sternekerbraus”<br />

ludxanaSi, miunxenSi. r. hesi – ambobs irvingi, gax<strong>da</strong> am<br />

parti<strong>is</strong> rigiT meTeqvsmete wevri, am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg cdilobs<br />

<strong>da</strong>arwmunos karl haushoferi, Sevides am partiaSi. avtors<br />

moyavs profesor k. haushofer<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>xasiaTeba, rogori<br />

studenti iyo hesi, rac mniSvnelovania m<strong>is</strong>i sulieri<br />

improvizaci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>. ,,<strong>is</strong> Zalian saintereso studenti iyo,<br />

magram m<strong>is</strong>i Zala amodio<strong>da</strong> ara imdenad gonebi<strong>da</strong>n, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

guli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> xasiaTi<strong>da</strong>n... <strong>is</strong> gacilebiT farTod ganaTlebuli<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, vidre TviTnaswavli hitleri”[1,681].<br />

devid irvingi saubrobs 1923 w. 8-9 noembers mowyobil<br />

31

lud<strong>is</strong> putCze, landsberg<strong>is</strong> cixeSi moxvedril<br />

organizatorebze. <strong>da</strong>sZens, rom cixeSi k. faushoferma Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

moswavle, romelsac 18 Tv<strong>is</strong> patimroba miusajes, sul rvajer<br />

inaxula. aRniSnulia, rom profesorma im xanebSi mimalul<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong> namowafars urCia miunxen<strong>is</strong> xel<strong>is</strong>ufalT Cabarebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

radgan saqm<strong>is</strong> laifcig<strong>is</strong> sasamarTlosTv<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>cem<strong>is</strong><br />

SemTxvevaSi, ganaCeni ufro mkacri iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. wignSi<br />

moyvanilia ilzesTan hes<strong>is</strong> korespodencia, romelic<br />

gvatyobinebs: ,,Cveni tribuni (saubaria adolf hitlerze) sul<br />

ufro nela <strong>da</strong> CurCuliT, SesvenebiTa <strong>da</strong> xvneSiT kiTxulob<strong>da</strong><br />

Cveni fronteli megobreb<strong>is</strong> cxovreb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> sikvdil<strong>is</strong> Taobaze<br />

nawyvets manamd<strong>is</strong>, vidre, bolos <strong>da</strong> bolos, ar <strong>da</strong>xura wigni,<br />

Tavi ar Cargo xelebSi <strong>da</strong> xmamaRla ar aqviTin<strong>da</strong>. amitom<br />

ufro mtkiced vuWer mxars axla, me miyvars igi”. gar<strong>da</strong><br />

pirovnuli saxasiaTo manevr<strong>is</strong>a, rudolfi xazs usvams<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> politikur alRos: ,,igi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulia, rom<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>bruneb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, yvelafers <strong>da</strong>abrunebs swor<br />

gzaze <strong>da</strong> mTel Zalasa <strong>da</strong> energias moaxmars komunizm<strong>is</strong><br />

winaaRmdeg brZolas, radgan komunizms axla ufro saxifaTod<br />

miiCnevs, vidre odesme. . . me eWvi ar mepareba, - ganagrZobs<br />

landsberg<strong>is</strong> patimari – male <strong>da</strong>dgeba dro, roca yvela vinc<br />

Cvens mxarezea, <strong>da</strong>dgeba hitler<strong>is</strong> gverdiT, bolSevikuri<br />

Wir<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg Tvganwirul brZolaSi”[18.125].<br />

avtori gvauwyebs, rom hesTan m<strong>is</strong>i Camofren<strong>is</strong> axlo<br />

dReebSi saidumlo molaparakebas eweo<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

kontr<strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> – MI6 ∗ -<strong>is</strong> ori agenti, rac faruli aparatiT<br />

iwerebo<strong>da</strong>o. es saubrebi avtorsave TqmiT 200-mde Canawers<br />

∗ MI-6 _ Min<strong>is</strong>try Information _sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxuri<br />

32

moicavs, magram devid irvingi maTgan mxolod sams icnobs #<br />

28, 29 <strong>da</strong> 98. <strong>da</strong>narCeni didi saidumloebiT imaleba ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

kontr<strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> arqivSi.<br />

,,hesi gax<strong>da</strong> parti<strong>is</strong> sind<strong>is</strong>i” – wers irvingi. xalxi<br />

grZnob<strong>da</strong>, vidre <strong>is</strong> partiaSi iyo, cudi araferi moxdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

roca grigol Straserma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita parti<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>ngreva 1932<br />

wels, hitlerma hesi buferad gaixa<strong>da</strong>, man m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT<br />

advilad ga<strong>da</strong>laxa partiuli problemebi <strong>da</strong> Seqmna<br />

politikuri centraluri kom<strong>is</strong>ia hes<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanelobiT.<br />

male hesma Tavad Seqmna fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> od<strong>is</strong>ea, <strong>da</strong>niSna<br />

moadgiled martin bormani, aseve adiutantebi: pinCi <strong>da</strong><br />

laitgeni, romelic profesiiT Jurnal<strong>is</strong>ti yofila, <strong>is</strong><br />

borman<strong>is</strong> rCeviT <strong>da</strong>Tanxm<strong>da</strong> am Tanamdebobaze – wers irvingi<br />

[1,686-687]. avtori wignSi saubrobs hes<strong>is</strong> mier haushofereb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> eqskancler briuning<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>rCenaze. mas ewa<strong>da</strong> rem<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>rCenac, magram amaod. amasve a<strong>da</strong>sturebs laitgeni. <strong>is</strong><br />

wers: hesi ucnaurad iyo gaocebuli hitler<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>astikiT,<br />

ramac ifeTqa masSi. . . im ramodenime dReebSi hesi SesamCnevad<br />

<strong>da</strong>ber<strong>da</strong> -o.<br />

memuarTa CamonaTvalSi am sakiTx<strong>is</strong> irgvliv, pirvel rigSi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT, didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> uinston<br />

CerCil<strong>is</strong> memuarebi: ,,meore msoflio om<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>toria”. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

Temas CerCili mesame tomSi exeba, roml<strong>is</strong> saTauria ,,diadi<br />

kavSiri”. es tomi antihitleruli koalici<strong>is</strong> Seqmnas eZRvneba,<br />

xolo hes<strong>is</strong> Tema Setanilia pirvel nawilSi: ,,germania<br />

aRmosavleT<strong>is</strong>aken mi<strong>is</strong>wrafv<strong>is</strong>”, paragraf<strong>is</strong> saxelwodebaa<br />

,,blici <strong>da</strong> antiblici”. 1941 weli. hesi.” CerCili iwyebs<br />

33

amgvarad: ,,rodesac CemTan movi<strong>da</strong> brakeni ∗ <strong>da</strong> miTxra<br />

SotlandiaSi hesi Camofrin<strong>da</strong>o, me CavTvale es cnoba<br />

fantastiurad”[9,48].<br />

u. CerCili aRniSnavs, rom hes<strong>is</strong> azri imaSi gamoixatebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom om<strong>is</strong> gamCaReblebma, romelTa ganwyobileb<strong>is</strong> gamomxatveli<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> premieri, aiZula es qveyana ga<strong>da</strong>exvia Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

erovnuli politiki<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> germaniasTan megobrob<strong>is</strong> nacvlad<br />

omi wamoiwyes, im<strong>is</strong> magier, rom saerTo Zalebi bolSevizm<strong>is</strong><br />

winaaRmdeg brZol<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>eTmoT. Seqmnili mdgomareob<strong>is</strong><br />

gamosworeb<strong>is</strong> mizniT, r. hesi un<strong>da</strong> Cafreniliyo ingl<strong>is</strong>Si <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>erwmunebia mefe, Tu rogori Tbili <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba hqon<strong>da</strong><br />

m<strong>is</strong> mimarT hitlers, <strong>da</strong>eTanxmebina igi om<strong>is</strong> gamCaRebelTa<br />

winaaRmdeg, rac m<strong>is</strong> qveyanas erTaderT swor arCevans<br />

gaakeTebineb<strong>da</strong>”-o[9,33]. CerCili Semdeg aRwers germaniaSi<br />

Seqmnil mdgomareobas. gvamcnobs werilze, romelic mas<br />

gaugzavnia aSS prezident<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, franklin delano<br />

ruzvelt<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, 17 ma<strong>is</strong>s, 15 ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> depeS<strong>is</strong> sanacvlod. am<br />

werilSi sayuradRebo <strong>is</strong>aa, rom avtors miaCnia hesi savsebiT<br />

normaluri iyo, masTan ar SeimCneo<strong>da</strong> gonebaaSlilob<strong>is</strong><br />

araviTari niSnebio. mas imedi hqon<strong>da</strong>, rom ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

<strong>da</strong>ukavSirdebo<strong>da</strong> ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> moZraob<strong>is</strong>” monawileebs,<br />

romelTa <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT SeZleb<strong>da</strong> arsebuli mTavrob<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>yenebas. ,,Tu gaviTval<strong>is</strong>winebT, _ wers CerCili _ rom hesi<br />

<strong>is</strong>e axlos idga hitlerTan, sakvirveli un<strong>da</strong> Candes <strong>is</strong><br />

garemoeba, rom man ar gvacnoba ruseTze mosalodneli<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>sxm<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, roml<strong>is</strong> mimarT swarmoeb<strong>da</strong> aseTi farTo<br />

samzad<strong>is</strong>i sabWoTa mTavroba Zalian <strong>da</strong>interesebuli iyo hes<strong>is</strong><br />

∗ brakeni _ u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> piradi mdivani<br />

34

epizodiT <strong>da</strong> man bevri aramarTebuli versia Seqmna m<strong>is</strong><br />

irgvliv”-o[9,55]. albaT, gul<strong>is</strong>xmob<strong>da</strong> stalinTan saubars<br />

kremlSi, <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> mier r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Setyueb<strong>is</strong> Taobaze,<br />

rom am m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> ukan hercogi hamiltoni idga. CerCili ki<br />

SeewinaaRmdega. Tu ratom cdilob<strong>da</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri hercog<strong>is</strong><br />

,,gaTeTrebas”, es naCvenebi iqneba Cvens sakvlev TemaSi.<br />

rac Seexeba entoni iden<strong>is</strong> memuarebs ,,angariSsworeba”,<br />

sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tri aq hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenas sul cota erT<br />

furcels uTmobs. ideni varaudobs, rom SesaZloa hess hqon<strong>da</strong><br />

SiSi ruseTTan om<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi, magram CerCil<strong>is</strong> msgavsad, <strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmunebulia imaSi, rom man hitler<strong>is</strong> gegm<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb araferi<br />

ico<strong>da</strong>. <strong>is</strong> iziarebs mosazrebas, rom ingl<strong>is</strong>Si hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

idea mama-Svil haushoferebi<strong>da</strong>n momdinareob<strong>da</strong>. magram _<br />

fiqrobs sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tri _ ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba hess un<strong>da</strong> mieRo. rac Seexeba am movlen<strong>is</strong>admi<br />

ruseb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas, ideni <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc CerCilic,<br />

xazgasmiT aRniSnavs: ,,hes<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>Rwev<strong>is</strong> dramas arasodes<br />

Seuwyvetia ruseb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>intereseba. <strong>is</strong>ini Znelad ijerebdnen, rom<br />

am movlen<strong>is</strong> ukan araferi iyo saidumlo <strong>da</strong> rom ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

mTavroba ar iyo masSi gaxveuli. momdevno ramdenime wl<strong>is</strong><br />

ganmavlobaSi <strong>is</strong>ini, kvlav <strong>da</strong> kvlav, ubrundebodnen am sakiTxs<br />

<strong>da</strong> jvaredinad <strong>da</strong>mkiTxavdnen, iqnebo<strong>da</strong> es molotovi, Sverniki<br />

Tu stalini, romelic yvela xelsayrel momentSi sayvedurs ar<br />

malav<strong>da</strong>. im<strong>is</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, rom me yvela detali warvudgine <strong>da</strong><br />

Sevecade meCvenebina hes<strong>is</strong> gancxadebaTa Cvenebebi, veWvob, rom<br />

<strong>is</strong>ini amiT realurad <strong>da</strong>kmayofildnen. incidenti, rogorc<br />

CvenTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>eve maTTv<strong>is</strong>, moulodneli <strong>da</strong> gaugebari iyo” [16,257].<br />

bolos, un<strong>da</strong> movixsenioT didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-<br />

35

min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> uinston CerCil<strong>is</strong> saxelob<strong>is</strong> erovnuli arqivi,<br />

romelic sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> 2017 wlamdea <strong>da</strong>xuruli. arqivi<br />

mTlianad fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> – rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

gafrenas eZRvneba. arqiv<strong>is</strong> qarTuli Targmani mocemuli aqvs<br />

qarTvel profesors, l. svanaZes aw <strong>da</strong>saxelebul naSromSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>narT<strong>is</strong> saxiT, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc kgb-es arqivi, romelic<br />

mTlianad gamoSignulia, magram saintereso <strong>is</strong> gaxlavT, rom<br />

arsebobs anu rusuli mxarec aseve <strong>da</strong>interesebuli yofila r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> am m<strong>is</strong>iiT, rogorc britanuli.<br />

CeRCil<strong>is</strong> arqivSi mocemulma dokumenturma masalebma<br />

naTeli mohfina hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> sagrZnob garevas am<br />

sakiTxSi. masSi mocemulia hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong> dReebSi parlamentSi<br />

warmarTuli d<strong>is</strong>kusi<strong>is</strong> aRwera, sa<strong>da</strong>c TavianT mosazrebebs<br />

ayalibebdnen deputatebi Seqmnili viTareb<strong>is</strong> irgvliv, maSin<br />

roca premier-min<strong>is</strong>trs am sakiTxze wertili qon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>smuli,<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> ,,pirad tyved” aRiareb<strong>is</strong> motivi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare.<br />

36

Tavi I<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> sulieri identifikaci<strong>is</strong> gancd<strong>is</strong><br />

motivebi<br />

refleqsuri identob<strong>is</strong> Sesatyv<strong>is</strong>i sinonimeb<strong>is</strong> monacvleoba<br />

azr<strong>is</strong> mkveTri cvalebadob<strong>is</strong> saSualebas ar iZleva. goneb<strong>is</strong><br />

Tvalsawierze gamokveTil elastiur CarCoSi ganTavseb<strong>is</strong>as,<br />

saxelmwifos es ori moxele erTmaneTs an<strong>da</strong>mativiT izi<strong>da</strong>vs <strong>da</strong><br />

erTiani politikuri platform<strong>is</strong> Camoyalibeb<strong>is</strong> Cveul inercias<br />

avlens. r. hesi a. hitler<strong>is</strong> sul<strong>is</strong> „mesaWe“ <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i idumali<br />

samyaros ganuyofeli nawili iyo. m<strong>is</strong>i loialuri midgoma<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> buneb<strong>is</strong>admi usazRvro siyvarul<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli<br />

erTguleb<strong>is</strong> nimuSia. raoden ucnauri <strong>da</strong> mravl<strong>is</strong>metyvelia<br />

aseTi grZnobiT <strong>da</strong>avadebuli individ<strong>is</strong> fsiqika, romelic m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

sulieri s<strong>is</strong>a<strong>da</strong>v<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> naTeli aRtkineb<strong>is</strong> arc Tu ubralo<br />

gamovlineba gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. r. hesi iyo hitler<strong>is</strong> „meore me“ anu m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

„alter ego“, meore kaci mesame raix<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>toriaSi, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

Seucnobeli warmosaxv<strong>is</strong> ukanaskneli mohikani.<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> Sinagani moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> Zala brma, avtoritatuli<br />

Tayvan<strong>is</strong>cem<strong>is</strong> mimaniSnebelia. m<strong>is</strong>i intuiciuri Wvreta goneb<strong>is</strong><br />

TviTmmarTvelob<strong>is</strong> funqcieb<strong>is</strong> gaZliereb<strong>is</strong> fonze, pirovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

Tv<strong>is</strong>ebrivi gar<strong>da</strong>qmn<strong>is</strong> mamoZravebelia. individ<strong>is</strong><br />

srulyofileb<strong>is</strong>aken swrafva biologiuri evoluci<strong>is</strong> Sedegia,<br />

romelic zneobrivi ideal<strong>is</strong> Seqmn<strong>is</strong> jerarsul meqanizms<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs. morali saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> samarTalze<br />

adre warmoiSva, amitom politikaSi m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>mkvidreba, iZulebiT<br />

xasiaTs atarebs. am SemTxvevaSi, zneob<strong>is</strong> subieqti ar<strong>is</strong><br />

37

pirovneba, romelic TviTgamorkvev<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />

brZol<strong>is</strong> unariT un<strong>da</strong> gamoirCeodes. politikos<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli zneob<strong>is</strong> makiavel<strong>is</strong>euli gageba aramyaria,<br />

radgan mxolod zneobriv a<strong>da</strong>mians SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>uSvas garkveuli<br />

komprom<strong>is</strong>i politikurad momgebiani Sedeg<strong>is</strong> sasargeblod. mas<br />

amas avaldebulebs Tav<strong>is</strong>i saxelmwifoebrivi funqcia. uzneo<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani verasdros ver ga<strong>da</strong>uxvevs zneobrivi gzi<strong>da</strong>n, radgan<br />

arasodes ar iqneba zneobrivi.<br />

r. hesi faS<strong>is</strong>turi totaluri reJim<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>myarebi<strong>da</strong>n mu<strong>da</strong>m<br />

maRal saxel<strong>is</strong>uflebo instaciebze idga, rac fiurerTan<br />

uSualo urTierTobaze migvaniSnebs. maT Sor<strong>is</strong><br />

urTierTmimbaZvelob<strong>is</strong> konturebi <strong>is</strong>eTi didia, rogoric<br />

genetikur STamomavlobasTan mimarTebaSi. bunebrivia, radgan<br />

<strong>is</strong>ini erT mizans emsaxurebodnen – germani<strong>is</strong> Zliereb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

ayvaveb<strong>is</strong> saqmes. samsaxureobriv sferoSi, r. hes<strong>is</strong> movaleobebi<br />

Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i uflebamosilebiT gan<strong>is</strong>azRvrebo<strong>da</strong>: rogorc imperi<strong>is</strong><br />

min<strong>is</strong>tri, <strong>is</strong> xels awer<strong>da</strong> yvela dekretze, romelic qveyn<strong>is</strong><br />

socialur sakiTxebs Seexebo<strong>da</strong>. m<strong>is</strong> kompetenciaSi Sedio<strong>da</strong><br />

Tanamdebob<strong>is</strong> pirTa moxsna-<strong>da</strong>niSvn<strong>is</strong> ufleba-movaleobanic, maT<br />

Sor<strong>is</strong> saswavlo samecniero sferoSic. im saidumlo sabWosTan,<br />

romelsac hesi kurireb<strong>da</strong>, hitlers sagareo politik<strong>is</strong><br />

sakiTxebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT konsultaciebi hqon<strong>da</strong>. maTi mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

ant<strong>is</strong>ocialurma ganwyobam, rac sxva erovneb<strong>is</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebze<br />

gabatoneb<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>wrafebaSi gamoixata, qveyanaSi d<strong>is</strong>komfortuli<br />

situacia Seqmna.<br />

geopolitikosma karl haushoferma ganaviTara Teoria<br />

„sasicocxlo sivrc<strong>is</strong>“ Sesaxeb. <strong>da</strong>saxelebulma Teoriam<br />

praqtikuli ganxorcieleba a. hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

38

warmoebul politikaSi hpova. samyaros mowyob<strong>is</strong> es axleburi<br />

interpretacia, sxva ras<strong>is</strong> xalx<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> fizikuri xelyof<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

sulieri ganadgureb<strong>is</strong> mizezi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. e. w. „brol<strong>is</strong> Rame“<br />

ebraelTa politikuri d<strong>is</strong>kriminaci<strong>is</strong> kulminacias<br />

warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, roml<strong>is</strong> mizani germani<strong>is</strong>gan ebraelTa izolacia<br />

iyo. avstri<strong>is</strong>, sudet<strong>is</strong> olq<strong>is</strong>, Cexoslovaki<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> safrangeT<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mpyrobs, am saxelmwifoTa okupirebuli teritoriebi, <strong>swored</strong>,<br />

germani<strong>is</strong> „sasicocxlo sivrc<strong>is</strong>“ realizeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> sWirdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

germanelebiT <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli <strong>da</strong> am qveyn<strong>is</strong> mcxovrebTagan<br />

evakuirebuli es teritoriebi un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

msoflio batonob<strong>is</strong> baz<strong>is</strong>i.<br />

<strong>is</strong>toria itevs mraval uCveulo pirovnebas, romelTa<br />

yofamac Zireulad Secvala samyaroSi mimdinare procesebi. am<br />

uCveulo pirovnebaTa - hanibal<strong>is</strong>, ke<strong>is</strong>r<strong>is</strong>, napoleon<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

mraval sxvaTa Semdeg Cndeba - hitleri, sakuTari<br />

mizan<strong>da</strong>saxulobiT. germani<strong>is</strong> fiureri, Tav<strong>is</strong>i gegmebiT,<br />

gonebrivi d<strong>is</strong>kreditaci<strong>is</strong> zRvarze myofs ufro mogvagonebs,<br />

vidre politikoss, qveyn<strong>is</strong> meTaurs. Tumc politikas Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

specifika <strong>da</strong> moralic gaaCnia. nikolo makiavel<strong>is</strong> ,,mizani<br />

amarTlebs saSualebas’’ Tav<strong>is</strong>ebur winaaRmdegobaSi mod<strong>is</strong><br />

politik<strong>is</strong> sufTa xelebiT keTeb<strong>is</strong> praqtikasTan. xSirad asea:<br />

Teoriuli <strong>da</strong>sabuTeb<strong>is</strong> zogierTi mcdeloba, Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i<br />

praqtikuli realizeb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas ar iZleva.<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> diplomatiurma demarSebma, romelic<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>teb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> saxarbielo perspeqtivebiT mTavrdebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

wonasworobi<strong>da</strong>n gamoiyvana mravali qveyan<strong>is</strong> ekonomikuri Tu<br />

politikuri cxovreba. didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> tradiciulma<br />

gulmodginebam toli ar <strong>da</strong>udo nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> mzakvrul<br />

39

evanSebs, rac a. hitler<strong>is</strong> mizanmimarTuli kurs<strong>is</strong><br />

ganmsazRvreli Seiqna. fiurer<strong>is</strong> or oficialur SeTavazebas<br />

zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, britaneT<strong>is</strong> xel<strong>is</strong>uflebam metad ucnauri<br />

„dumil<strong>is</strong> politikiT’’ upasuxa. hitleri, Tav<strong>is</strong> sajaro<br />

gamosvlebSi, sur<strong>da</strong> ra, rom nia<strong>da</strong>gi moesinja ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan<br />

urTierTob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, diplomatiuri manevrireb<strong>is</strong> or ZiriTad<br />

meTods mimarTav<strong>da</strong>: pirveli - zav<strong>is</strong>admi m<strong>is</strong>wrafeb<strong>is</strong> tendeciur<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaSi vlindebo<strong>da</strong>, meore - moulodnelad<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>zrdil sabrZolo ganwyobaSi a<strong>is</strong>axebo<strong>da</strong>. es hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

fsiqoz<strong>is</strong> kulminaciuri wertili iyo, rac paralelurad m<strong>is</strong>iT<br />

xalx<strong>is</strong> aRtkineb<strong>is</strong> orator<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>ebur profesiul xerxs<br />

warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. ,,auditori<strong>is</strong> yuradRebas igi ipyrob<strong>da</strong> uZravi <strong>da</strong><br />

gamWoli, TiTqm<strong>is</strong> hipnozuri xedviT. Semdeg <strong>is</strong> alaparak<strong>da</strong>,<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad wynarad <strong>da</strong> pirferuli RimiliT, cota xn<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg m<strong>is</strong>i xma Caxlewil yvirilSi ga<strong>da</strong>izar<strong>da</strong>, romelic<br />

emoci<strong>is</strong> ZaliT araCveulebriv STabeWdilebas stoveb<strong>da</strong>“[22,25].<br />

politikur sivrceSi Cveuli magaliTebi arc Tu mravlad<br />

moipoveba. es mokrZaleb<strong>is</strong>, SiS<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Zrwolv<strong>is</strong> saucxoo<br />

sindroms qmni<strong>da</strong>, riTac <strong>da</strong>tyvevebuli iyo mTeli auditoria.<br />

hitleri –Tav<strong>is</strong>i arsebobiT iyo uiSviaTesi pirovneba-movlena.<br />

<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> winamorbed Tu Tanamedrove politikos-liderebTan:<br />

b<strong>is</strong>markTan, napoleonTan, stalinTan, CerCilTan erTad<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>ebur <strong>is</strong>toriul-politikur galereas qmni<strong>da</strong>, romelsac<br />

sazogadoeba Tav<strong>is</strong>eburad ufrTxildeba. hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong>admi r. hes<strong>is</strong> pativ<strong>is</strong>cema ganuzomelia. <strong>is</strong> sikvdil<strong>is</strong><br />

bolomde fiurer<strong>is</strong> erTguli <strong>da</strong>rCa. Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi<br />

izolirebul patimars Tav<strong>is</strong> bedze arasodes <strong>da</strong>uCivlia, ar<br />

gamouxatavs ukmayofileba hitler<strong>is</strong> mimarT. es am <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong><br />

40

Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi akordia, roml<strong>is</strong> srulyofili gaazreba usaTuod<br />

<strong>da</strong>gvexmareba movZebnoT erTmniSvnelovani ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba.<br />

SegviZlia <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom hitlerma winaswar ico<strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli sakiTxi am burusiT<br />

mosili movlen<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> erTi mxarea, roml<strong>is</strong> gamomzeureba<br />

<strong>da</strong> gaanalizeba refleqsuri identob<strong>is</strong> Sesatyv<strong>is</strong>i efeqt<strong>is</strong><br />

tolfasia: a. hitleri-r. hesi, sulieri identifikaci<strong>is</strong> gancd<strong>is</strong><br />

moWarbebuli sinTezi. erT-erTi maTgan<strong>is</strong> saxel<strong>is</strong> xseneb<strong>is</strong>as,<br />

ubralod, SeuZlebelia meor<strong>is</strong> ar gaxseneba.<br />

qaosuri sibrtye Tvalsawierze gamokveTili sivrc<strong>is</strong><br />

anareklia. rodesac saubaria r. hes<strong>is</strong> erTgulebaze, hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

sapasuxo reaqci<strong>is</strong> ignorirebac SeuZlebelia. adeqvaturi<br />

Rirebuleb<strong>is</strong> mqone es grZnoba, grZnobaTa harmonias qmn<strong>is</strong><br />

qmnilebaTa miwier simartoveSi. koordinaci<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi<br />

di<strong>da</strong>qtika individ<strong>is</strong> saukeTeso neb<strong>is</strong> gamomxatvelobaze ar<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. Teoriulad <strong>da</strong>usabuTebeli „min<strong>da</strong>s“ formula<br />

logikuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTv<strong>is</strong> Sedegia. uwyveti dineb<strong>is</strong> es moWarbebuli<br />

intuicia <strong>da</strong>ukmayofileb<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi, metwil, arasasiamovno<br />

ganc<strong>da</strong>s warmoSobs, Tumca Segueb<strong>is</strong> procesi imdenad dinamiuria,<br />

ramdena<strong>da</strong>c Sinagani Zal<strong>is</strong>xmev<strong>is</strong> met-naklebad <strong>da</strong>Trgunv<strong>is</strong><br />

meqanizmi. r. hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> Cavardn<strong>is</strong> gamo, hitler<strong>is</strong> suli<br />

boboqari mRelvareb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> mr<strong>is</strong>xaneb<strong>is</strong> Serwym<strong>is</strong> kulminacias<br />

aRwevs. inerciuli destabilizaci<strong>is</strong> es mZlavri impulsebi hes<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>kargviTac iyo gamowveuli. hitler<strong>is</strong> oficialuri Tanxmob<strong>is</strong><br />

gareSe r. hesi ingl<strong>is</strong>Si ar gafrindebo<strong>da</strong>. amas a<strong>da</strong>sturebs<br />

volf riudiger hes<strong>is</strong> ∗ mier gazeT ,,izvestias“ korespodentTan<br />

∗ volf riudiger hesi _ rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> erTaderTi vaJi, romelic miunxen<strong>is</strong> erT-erT<br />

gareubanSi grefefilngSi cxovrob<strong>da</strong>. volfi <strong>da</strong>arqves hitler<strong>is</strong> Zvli sabrZolo<br />

saxel<strong>is</strong> mixedviT, xolo riudigeri – nibelungeb<strong>is</strong> sagas gmireb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT ewo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

41

moyvanili saubr<strong>is</strong> faqti. volf riudigeri xazs usvams mam<strong>is</strong><br />

hitlerTan Sexvedras, romelic a. hitler<strong>is</strong> kabinetSi Sedga r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenamde, ramdenime dRiT adre. fiurersa <strong>da</strong><br />

m<strong>is</strong> moadgiles Sor<strong>is</strong> gamarTuli oTxsaaTiani dialogi<br />

saqm<strong>is</strong>admi seriozuli midgom<strong>is</strong> mimaniSnebelia, xolo „xmebi,<br />

romelic <strong>da</strong>xurul kars miRma meqanikurad <strong>da</strong>bldebo<strong>da</strong> an<br />

maRldebo<strong>da</strong>“[presa 6,3] [42,297] miuTiTebs imaze, rom maT Sor<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>va mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>. azrTa uTanxmoeba yovelTv<strong>is</strong> Sinagani<br />

d<strong>is</strong>komfort<strong>is</strong> mizezi xdeba. aforiaqeb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>urwmuneblob<strong>is</strong><br />

kriteriumebi <strong>da</strong>usabuTebeli argumentaci<strong>is</strong> saTanado<br />

cirkulireb<strong>is</strong> fonze individTa saam<strong>is</strong>o ganwyobileb<strong>is</strong> Seqmn<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvelia. es ki maTi Tav<strong>is</strong>ufali urTierTob<strong>is</strong> kidev erTi<br />

u<strong>da</strong>vo <strong>da</strong>sturia.<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> Semrigebluri sityvebi oTaxi<strong>da</strong>n gamosvl<strong>is</strong>as:<br />

„hess, Sen yovelTv<strong>is</strong> iyavi <strong>da</strong> xar Camoyalibebuli jiuti<br />

kaci”[42,297] _ migvaniSebs, rom man veraferi iRona, r. hess<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba Seecvala. magram<br />

oficialuri <strong>da</strong>sturi bolos mainc m<strong>is</strong>ca. r. hesi iyo<br />

erTaderTi kaci nac<strong>is</strong>tur germaniaSi, romelic fiurer<strong>is</strong>gan<br />

gansxvavebul azrebs m<strong>is</strong>ive Tan<strong>da</strong>swrebiT gamoTqvam<strong>da</strong>. amas<br />

<strong>is</strong>eTi uSualobiT akeTeb<strong>da</strong>, rom a. hitler<strong>is</strong> gul<strong>is</strong>wyromas ar<br />

imsaxureb<strong>da</strong>. ∗ * bunebrivia, radgan maTi urTierToba piradi<br />

grZnobeb<strong>is</strong> gansakuTrebul struqturaze gaxl<strong>da</strong>T agebuli.<br />

aseTi sulieri harmoni<strong>is</strong> paralelurad, maT Sor<strong>is</strong> arsebob<strong>da</strong><br />

raRac TviTneburi zRvari, romelic pativ<strong>is</strong>cem<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> rid<strong>is</strong><br />

∗ *hitlerTan aseTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT TviT h. geringic ver sargeblob<strong>da</strong>. gavixsenoT<br />

SemTxveva, rodesac geringi 1942 w. 8 Tebervals saaviacio katastrofaSi <strong>da</strong>Rupuli<br />

SeiaraReb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> sabrZolo masalaTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong>, fric todt<strong>is</strong> adgil<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kaveb<strong>is</strong> mizniT<br />

saswrafod Cavi<strong>da</strong> hitlerTan, rastenburgSi. hitlerma mas uari uTxra am Tanamdebobaze<br />

albert Speer<strong>is</strong> ukve <strong>da</strong>niSvn<strong>is</strong> gamo. h. geringma xma ver amoiRo.<br />

42

grZnobas aucileblad badeb<strong>da</strong>. r. hes<strong>is</strong> sityvieri<br />

winaaRmdegob<strong>is</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, ernest rem<strong>is</strong>agan gansxvavebiT, masSi<br />

Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i moqmedebeb<strong>is</strong> realizeb<strong>is</strong> idea ar dominireb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> finansTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> Sverin fon krozig<strong>is</strong> sityvebiT<br />

rom vTqvaT: „hesSi fiureri xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> uerTgules mimdevars.<br />

pirad cxovrebaSi wun<strong>da</strong>udebels, roml<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>ac ucxoa intriga<br />

<strong>da</strong> pativmoyvareoba“[42,123].<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile m<strong>is</strong> pozicias maior rem<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />

esarClebo<strong>da</strong> ,,grZeli <strong>da</strong>neb<strong>is</strong> Ram<strong>is</strong>” win, Tumca gamZvinvarebuli<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> Secvla SeuZlebeli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />

„rem<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmareb<strong>is</strong> gareSe, hitleri, albaT verasdros miiReb<strong>da</strong><br />

xalx<strong>is</strong> realur mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras, respublik<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mxob<strong>is</strong><br />

TvalsazriT“, rom „rem<strong>is</strong> fulebiT hitlerma SeZlo parti<strong>is</strong><br />

organizeba <strong>da</strong> SA ∗∗ -s moieriSe razmeb<strong>is</strong> Seqmna. m<strong>is</strong>ive fuliT<br />

iyi<strong>da</strong> gazeTi „fiolkiSer beobaxteri“. . .[30,58]. magram fiurerma<br />

ar apatia azrovnebaSi radikaluri Semobruneba, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>,<br />

uaryofiTi gagebiT. remi „Ta<strong>da</strong>rigSi gasul jar<strong>is</strong>kacebsa <strong>da</strong><br />

oficrebs agentebad iyeneb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> maTgan iReb<strong>da</strong> informaciebs<br />

neb<strong>is</strong>mieri faruli politikuri saqmianob<strong>is</strong> yvela form<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb. saerTod, remma erTi Secdoma <strong>da</strong>uSva, mas egona, rom<br />

yovelTv<strong>is</strong> xelT eWira hitleri“[51,52-53].<br />

<strong>da</strong>mafiqrebelia, r. hes<strong>is</strong> gonebaSi sruliad gabeduli<br />

wamowyeba, e. rem<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong> mizniT. aseT dros, Cveuleb<strong>is</strong>amebr,<br />

susti mxar<strong>is</strong> apologetic am ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> beds gaiziarebs<br />

xolme. magram es iyo r. hesi, erTaderTi kaci nac<strong>is</strong>tur<br />

germaniaSi, romelic hitler<strong>is</strong> didi ndobiT sargeblob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

∗∗ SA _ Sturmabtailung ,,moieriSe razmebi”. momdinareobs sityvi<strong>da</strong>n Strong Arm anu ,,Zlieri<br />

mklavi”, romelic zemoT<strong>da</strong>saxelebuli organizaci<strong>is</strong> pirveli Canasaxi iyo.<br />

43

cnobilia, rom 1934 wl<strong>is</strong> 30 ivn<strong>is</strong>s e. w. “rem<strong>is</strong> putC<strong>is</strong>” dReebSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>xvrites gregor Straseri, hitler<strong>is</strong> Zveli TanamebrZoli. igi<br />

jer kidev 1932w. 4 dekembers sakuTari r<strong>is</strong>k<strong>is</strong> fasad<br />

molaparakebebs awarmoeb<strong>da</strong> raixskancler SlaixerTan. es faqti<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> aSkara gamowveva iyo. Straser<strong>is</strong> c<strong>da</strong>,<br />

nacional-social<strong>is</strong>turi moZraob<strong>is</strong> interesebiT gaemarTlebina<br />

es molaparakebebi, hitlerma uxeSad aRkveTa: ,,Tqven me zurgSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>na CameciT! _ uyvira Strasers _ Tqven ar gin<strong>da</strong>T kancleri<br />

gavxde, Tqven gsurT, nacionaluri moZraob<strong>is</strong> gaxleCa!”[50, 53]. _<br />

Straserma usityvod <strong>da</strong>tova oTaxi. ,,marto <strong>is</strong>, rom hitleri<br />

avstrii<strong>da</strong>naa ukve cudia, amasTan <strong>is</strong> Zalian nerviulia, rac ukve<br />

katastrof<strong>is</strong> tolfasia”[38,234]. _ uTxra gregorma erT-erT<br />

TanamebrZols Tav<strong>is</strong> qneviT. faqtiurad, hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Straser<strong>is</strong><br />

gzebi gaiyo. Straser<strong>is</strong> sikvdil<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, r. hes<strong>is</strong> karier<strong>is</strong><br />

aRmasvla iwyeba. hes<strong>is</strong> kontrol<strong>is</strong> qveS aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> mTeli<br />

partiuli presa <strong>da</strong> raixstagSi arCeuli yvela nacionalsocial<strong>is</strong>ti<br />

deputati (prusielTa gar<strong>da</strong>). mas erTaderTi mizani<br />

gaaCn<strong>da</strong>: momavalSi aRar un<strong>da</strong> ganmeorebuliyo romelime<br />

partiuli funqcioner<strong>is</strong> “janyi” fiurer<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg.<br />

faqtia, rom r. hesma hitler<strong>is</strong>agan gansxvavebuli<br />

Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>i gamoavlina ebraelebTan <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaSi, magram<br />

<strong>is</strong>torias ver aaSora, kidev erTi samarcxvino furceli, e.w.<br />

“brol<strong>is</strong> Ram<strong>is</strong>” naxevradkoSmaruli movlen<strong>is</strong> saxiT, rac<br />

ant<strong>is</strong>emitizm<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi preambula Seiqna.<br />

cnobilia, rom r. hesma mxolod 1938w. 9 noembr<strong>is</strong> Rames<br />

Seityo, rom germaniaSi sinagogebi iwvo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ebraelebs<br />

klavdnen. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile nawyeni <strong>da</strong>rCa, radgan mas<br />

pira<strong>da</strong>d winaswar araferi acnobes am aqci<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

44

Zaladob<strong>is</strong> aseTi forma m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> miuRebeli iyo <strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong> Seeca<strong>da</strong><br />

kidec SeeCerebina igi, magram uSedegod. ,,r. hesma germania<br />

ebraelTa masiuri ganadgureb<strong>is</strong> win <strong>da</strong>tova. miiReb<strong>da</strong> Tu ara<br />

<strong>is</strong> ebraelTa xocva-JletaSi monawileobas <strong>is</strong>eve, rogorc sxva<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tebi, hesi germaniaSi rom <strong>da</strong>rCeniliyo”[38,246]. hesi<br />

sakuTar Tavs axasiaTeb<strong>da</strong>, rogorc radikals. 1934 w. erT-erT<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong> radio-gamosvlaSi ambob<strong>da</strong>: ,,erTguleba niSnavs<br />

aucilebel morCilebas, roca ar kiTxuloben gacemuli<br />

brZaneb<strong>is</strong> mizanSewonilobas, roca ar kiTxuloben, ramdenad<br />

safuZvliania brZaneba, aramed asruleben mas”[38,246].<br />

niurnberg<strong>is</strong> procesze, r. hess ar undo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ejerebina Tu ra<br />

barbarosuli gziT ga<strong>da</strong>iWra ebraelTa ganadgureb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxi,<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i ingl<strong>is</strong>Si tyveob<strong>is</strong> periodSi. rogorc volf riudiger<strong>is</strong><br />

interviu<strong>da</strong>n irkveva, Tav<strong>is</strong> droze de<strong>da</strong>m uTxra: r. hesi ,,im<br />

saRamos saxeSecvlili <strong>da</strong> Rrmad <strong>da</strong>naRvlianebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong>brun<strong>da</strong>”[presa6,3]. ilzesadmi miweril erT-erT werilSi r.<br />

hesi ebraelebTan mimarTebaSi Tav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas<br />

amJRavnebs: ,,man * ganmanaTla ebraelTa problem<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvet<strong>is</strong><br />

Taobaze, ramac gul<strong>is</strong> siRrmemde SemZrao”[41,125]. rogorc Cans,<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgiles hitler<strong>is</strong> Seuvaloba awuxeb<strong>da</strong>, rac<br />

rasobrivi genocid<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>fuZnebaSi ukve yoyman<strong>is</strong> araviTar<br />

safuZvels ar qmni<strong>da</strong>. man, rogorc hitler<strong>is</strong> Tanagundelma<br />

kargad uwyo<strong>da</strong>, rom am ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> demagogiur <strong>da</strong>pirebebs<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong> droze ,,ndoba gamoucxa<strong>da</strong> yvela kaTolikem <strong>da</strong> TviT<br />

ebraelobamac, magram man yvela gaacura”[37,21]. Tumca, fiurerma<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> Suamdgomloba <strong>da</strong>akmayofila haushofereb<strong>is</strong><br />

* e.i. fiurerma<br />

45

naxevradebraul ojaxTan * <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgilem<br />

haushofereb<strong>is</strong> ojaxs m<strong>is</strong>ca sagangebo sabuTi, romelic maT<br />

rasobrivi devn<strong>is</strong>agan <strong>da</strong>icav<strong>da</strong>. r. hes<strong>is</strong>admi miweril al.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong> werilSi naTqvamia: ,,<strong>is</strong> garemoeba, rom Cven,<br />

rogorc <strong>da</strong>bali s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong> germanelebi ** bolomde ar<br />

migvaxvetes nagv<strong>is</strong> grovas, gansakuTrebiT Tqveni madlieri<br />

un<strong>da</strong> viyoT”[41,135].<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, haushofereb<strong>is</strong> ojaxi msgavsi represieb<strong>is</strong> qveS<br />

ar moyolila. hitleri, Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv, Zalian afaseb<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong><br />

m<strong>is</strong><strong>da</strong>mi keTilganwyobas <strong>da</strong> aseve did pativs scem<strong>da</strong> mas. 1941<br />

wl<strong>is</strong> 10 ma<strong>is</strong>s, rodesac m<strong>is</strong>i moadgile germani<strong>is</strong> q.<br />

augsburgi<strong>da</strong>n ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrin<strong>da</strong>, fiurerma Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi<br />

sifrTxil<strong>is</strong> zomebi miiRo londonze masirebuli sahaero<br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmeb<strong>is</strong> Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT. de<strong>da</strong>qalaqze yuradReb<strong>is</strong><br />

koncentrireba, r. hess SotlandiaSi Tav<strong>is</strong>uflad <strong>da</strong>fren<strong>is</strong><br />

saSualebas m<strong>is</strong>cem<strong>da</strong>. yovel SemTxvevaSi, CrdiloeT<strong>is</strong> zRv<strong>is</strong><br />

sanapiromde, h. haidrix<strong>is</strong> TviTmfrinavTa eqskort<strong>is</strong> micileb<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg, m<strong>is</strong>i haerSi ganadgureb<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebloba naklebi<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. vfiqrobT, es ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba fiurerma <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>ma<br />

moadgilem zemoTaRniSnuli oTxsaaTiani dialog<strong>is</strong> bolo<br />

nawilSi miiRes. savaraudoa, rom hitlerma r. hess ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

gafrenaze Tanxmoba m<strong>is</strong>ca, aRniSnul Ron<strong>is</strong>Ziebebze SeTanxmeb<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg. imperi<strong>is</strong> uSiSroeb<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanel<strong>is</strong>, haidrix<strong>is</strong> meuRle<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong> memuarebSi, igonebs 10 ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> dRes, haidrix<strong>is</strong><br />

TviTmfrinav ,,ME-109” la-manSze fren<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong>aken<br />

mimarTuleb<strong>is</strong> aReb<strong>is</strong> faqts. xolo didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> sara<strong>da</strong>ro<br />

samsaxurma aSkarad SeniSna, Tu rogor gamoeyvnen<br />

* karl haushofer<strong>is</strong> meuRle marTa maier dosi ebraeli iyo<br />

** igul<strong>is</strong>xmeba ebraeloba<br />

46

TviTmfrinavTa ricxvi ukve eulad <strong>da</strong>rCenil mfrinavs <strong>da</strong><br />

gabrundnen ukan. migvaCnia, rom haidrixi Tav<strong>is</strong>i eqskortiT,<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> brZaneb<strong>is</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad, <strong>da</strong>niSnuleb<strong>is</strong> adgilas ufro<br />

adre mivi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> CrdiloeT<strong>is</strong> zRv<strong>is</strong> sanapirosTan elodebo<strong>da</strong> r.<br />

hess, roml<strong>is</strong> gamoCen<strong>is</strong>Tanave mxar<strong>da</strong>mxar amoudgnen <strong>da</strong><br />

miaciles zRv<strong>is</strong> britanul sanapiromde. iqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

rom brZola mimdinareob<strong>da</strong> am or saxelmwifos Sor<strong>is</strong>.<br />

vfiqrobT, haidrixs ,,em<strong>is</strong>r<strong>is</strong>” mtr<strong>is</strong> teritoriaze mSvidobian<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebasTan erTad, sazRvr<strong>is</strong> winaswari <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong><br />

funqciac eqnebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>k<strong>is</strong>rebuli. vTvliT, rom mas Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i<br />

situaci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> kargad SeiaraRebuli TviTmfrinavTa ricxvi<br />

hyav<strong>da</strong>, romelic rogorc Tav<strong>is</strong>i, aseve r. hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong><br />

saSualebas m<strong>is</strong>cem<strong>da</strong>. migvaCnia, rom haidrix<strong>is</strong> <strong>mTavari</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>ZiriTadi</strong> amocana fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> SotlandiaSi uvneblad<br />

<strong>da</strong>SvebaSi mdgomareob<strong>da</strong>. am Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT, hitler<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

rac SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> gakeT<strong>da</strong>, met<strong>is</strong> gakeTeba ubralod SeuZlebeli<br />

iyo. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, r. hes<strong>is</strong> germanii<strong>da</strong>n gaqcev<strong>is</strong> mtkiceba, TiTqos<br />

hitlerTan m<strong>is</strong>i uTanxmoeb<strong>is</strong> gamo, am faqtiT ugulvelyofilia.<br />

realob<strong>is</strong> eqvivalenti ar arsebobs, realoba realobad rCeba.<br />

yovelgvari naazrev<strong>is</strong> formulireba SeiZleba, oRond<br />

hipoTez<strong>is</strong>a Tu versi<strong>is</strong> saxiT. es mosazrebac am doneze rCeba,<br />

Tumca donesac Tav<strong>is</strong>i <strong>is</strong>toriuli Sreebi gaaCnia, romelic<br />

warsulTan raRac fesvebiT ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli. rac ufro<br />

Rrmad Cadixar, miT axlos xar warsulTan, wina cxovrebasTan.<br />

asea mecnierebac, romelic <strong>da</strong>sabuTeb<strong>is</strong>a Tu azrTa obieqturi<br />

Camoyalibeb<strong>is</strong> gareSe ar iqmneba. <strong>is</strong>toria, romelic sul mcire,<br />

naxevari saukun<strong>is</strong> Semdeg un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iweros, cxovreb<strong>is</strong> amsaxveli<br />

matianea, metwilad mecnierul naazrevze agebuli. <strong>is</strong>toria <strong>da</strong><br />

47

mecniereba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva cnebebia, oRond aucileblad<br />

erTmaneTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli. SeiZleba <strong>is</strong> erT cnebad<br />

warmovidginoT <strong>da</strong> vaRiaroT, rom <strong>is</strong>toriuli mecniereba<br />

falsifikaci<strong>is</strong> yovelgvar gamovlinebas un<strong>da</strong> gamoricxavdes. r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrena Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad <strong>is</strong>toriaa, magram<br />

ormoc<strong>da</strong>aTi wl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, <strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>toriuli mecniereb<strong>is</strong><br />

msjelob<strong>is</strong> sagani xdeba. msjeloba codnaa, romelic<br />

garkveuli dro<strong>is</strong> Semdeg grovdeba <strong>da</strong> yalibdeba. codn<strong>is</strong><br />

gareSe TviT samyaroc ar iarsebebs. ararealuri samyaros<br />

arseboba igivea, rac sakuTari ,,mes” ganc<strong>da</strong> Cveni monawileob<strong>is</strong><br />

gareSe.<br />

hitleri <strong>da</strong> hesi realuri samyaros Svilebi, sikvdil<strong>is</strong><br />

Svilebi iyvnen. erTi avstri<strong>is</strong> miwaze, xolo meore egvipt<strong>is</strong> q.<br />

aleqsandriaSi <strong>da</strong>badebuli. orivem ico<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>i miw<strong>is</strong>,<br />

samSoblos siyvaruli. arc erTi maTgani bela<strong>da</strong>d ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>badebula. <strong>is</strong>ini Cveulebrivi, rigiTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi iyvnen.<br />

politikosi Tu qveyn<strong>is</strong> beladi, upirveles yovl<strong>is</strong>a<br />

pirovnebaa, amitom hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> urTierTobaSi araferia<br />

ucnauri <strong>da</strong> miutevebeli; xolo sxveb<strong>is</strong> mimarT mZafri<br />

siZulvili <strong>da</strong> urTierTSor<strong>is</strong> aseTi siyvaruli goneb<strong>is</strong> zesaidumlos<br />

ufro warmoadgens, romelsac konkretuli<br />

nivTmtkicebebi ar gaaCnia. ratom wers kaci sikvdil<strong>is</strong> win<br />

anderZs m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> yvelaferi amao un<strong>da</strong> iyos, <strong>is</strong> xom kvdeba es<br />

kac<strong>is</strong> Seucnobeli buneb<strong>is</strong> qvecnobieri nawil<strong>is</strong> logikuri<br />

algoriTmia, romelic gar<strong>da</strong>uvali aucileblob<strong>is</strong> ZaliT an<br />

Tun<strong>da</strong>c instiqtiT ar<strong>is</strong> nakarnaxevi.<br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong> monacemTa lokalur baz<strong>is</strong>Si deklasirebuli<br />

monacemeb<strong>is</strong> sinqronuli modifikacia, diametruli sxvaob<strong>is</strong><br />

48

prognozireb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas iZleva. m<strong>is</strong>i moZraobaSi moyvan<strong>is</strong><br />

inflaciur struqturas ganapirobebs inercia, sixSire <strong>da</strong><br />

mikro-talRebi. homeopaTiaSi devalvaci<strong>is</strong> xangrZlivi an<br />

samu<strong>da</strong>mo procesebi stereotipeb<strong>is</strong> erTdrouli simboluri<br />

mauwyebelia. dinamiuri urTierTmonacvleoba ki gaaqtiureb<strong>is</strong><br />

koeficient<strong>is</strong> myari maCvenebelia. mkveTri Semobruneba<br />

pozitiur Tu arapozitiur monakveTze goneb<strong>is</strong> amgvari<br />

cirkulaci<strong>is</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad xdeba. individ<strong>is</strong> racionaluri<br />

dinamika tvin<strong>is</strong> grafikul gamosaxulebaTa sqemaSi mu<strong>da</strong>m<br />

Tavsdeba. hitler<strong>is</strong> gonebrivi zRvari m<strong>is</strong>i Sinagani<br />

d<strong>is</strong>kreditaci<strong>is</strong> apoTeozi iyo. Tumca m<strong>is</strong>i suli, didi<br />

warmatebeb<strong>is</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, mainc d<strong>is</strong>komforts ganicdi<strong>da</strong>. <strong>is</strong><br />

miRweuliT arasdros kmayofildebo<strong>da</strong>. ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro met<strong>is</strong><br />

survili Sinagani <strong>da</strong>nakl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> Sevseb<strong>is</strong> ma<strong>da</strong>s uRviveb<strong>da</strong>, rac<br />

sulieri gamofitv<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> carieli gars<strong>is</strong> koSmaruli s<strong>is</strong>uste<br />

gaxlavT. sakuTar pirovnebasTan Widil<strong>is</strong> grZnoba Seuvalia.<br />

marcx<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> ubedureb<strong>is</strong> erTbaSad mozRvavebuli ganc<strong>da</strong>,<br />

TviTrwmen<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargvasTan erTad, sul<strong>is</strong> xorcTan Zal<strong>is</strong>mieri<br />

gayr<strong>is</strong> iniciatoria, TviTmkvlelob<strong>is</strong> <strong>ZiriTadi</strong> motiv<strong>is</strong> arc Tu<br />

deficituri meTodia. egzaltaci<strong>is</strong> TviT<strong>da</strong>knineb<strong>is</strong> tonusebi<br />

stiqiuri gar<strong>da</strong>saxv<strong>is</strong> katalizatoria. m<strong>is</strong>i qmediTunarianob<strong>is</strong><br />

aseTi simZlavre gare faqtoreb<strong>is</strong> aRqm<strong>is</strong>as mopasuxe Sinagani<br />

muxt<strong>is</strong> urTierTSexebaSi mosvl<strong>is</strong> proporciulia.<br />

TviTkontrol<strong>is</strong> aTv<strong>is</strong>eb<strong>is</strong> Segnebuli variacia neb<strong>is</strong>yof<strong>is</strong><br />

gamovlen<strong>is</strong> mtkice garantia. gare samyarosTan fsiqikuri<br />

lobireb<strong>is</strong> Seqmn<strong>is</strong> konceftualuri pirobebi azrovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

s<strong>is</strong>temuri konsoli<strong>da</strong>ciiT sruldeba. <strong>da</strong>xvewili manereb<strong>is</strong><br />

zomieri warmoCena pirovnebaTa Segueb<strong>is</strong> a<strong>da</strong>ptirebuli<br />

49

variantia. individTa urTierTSevseb<strong>is</strong> meqanizmi ki sinTezuri<br />

xelovneb<strong>is</strong> iSviaTi nimuSia, deformaci<strong>is</strong> yovelgvar nazavs<br />

moklebuli. eqscentrulob<strong>is</strong> koordinatebi organizmSi<br />

gamovlenili diversiuli qmedebeb<strong>is</strong> paralelurad<br />

mimdinareobs <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i araerTgvarovani destabilizaci<strong>is</strong> mizezi<br />

xdeba. funqcionaluri moSl<strong>is</strong> es avTv<strong>is</strong>ebiani siptomi,<br />

pirovnebaTa <strong>da</strong>avadeb<strong>is</strong> qronikuli kataklizmebiT rom<br />

gvaxsenebs Tavs, saerTod demografi<strong>is</strong> Semaferxebeli niSniT<br />

xasiaTdeba. saukun<strong>is</strong> nostalgia m<strong>is</strong>i dideb<strong>is</strong> momakvdinebeli<br />

fenomen<strong>is</strong> ukuproporciulia. piramid<strong>is</strong> am umaRles mwvervalze<br />

aTvl<strong>is</strong> saTave my<strong>is</strong>ve <strong>da</strong>viwyebas eZleva <strong>da</strong> dro<strong>is</strong> orazrovani<br />

indiferentizm<strong>is</strong> msxverpli xdeba.<br />

hitlersa <strong>da</strong> hess Sor<strong>is</strong> diametruli sxvaoba<br />

likvidirebulia <strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong>ini metamorfozuli xasiaT<strong>is</strong> gamo<br />

urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong> uCveulo suraTs qmnian. epoq<strong>is</strong> kvali<br />

TaobaTa mudmiv monacvleobas graciozulobasa <strong>da</strong> metnaklebad<br />

gansxvavebul koloritul Tv<strong>is</strong>ebebs sZens. amitomaa,<br />

rom maTi gaxseneb<strong>is</strong>as uneblie warmoqmnil eiforias ver<br />

vmalavT, imdenad didia maTi geni<strong>is</strong> aRiareb<strong>is</strong> Sinagani<br />

moTxovnileba. Rirebuleb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgena m<strong>is</strong>ive faseulob<strong>is</strong><br />

mixedviT xdeba. amas Cveulebrivi, rigiTi a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong><br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong> gaanalizeb<strong>is</strong>as maTi nakl<strong>is</strong> mixedviT viwyebT,<br />

xolo kacobriob<strong>is</strong> did STamomavlebTan mimarTebaSi, piriqiT.<br />

es metad ucnauri <strong>da</strong> gnebavT zedmetad <strong>da</strong>mafiqrebelicaa.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad im<strong>is</strong>a, rom ganusjelob<strong>is</strong> sindroms aq gverds ver<br />

avuvliT, am pirovnebaTa xibli maradiulia <strong>da</strong> mexsierebaSi<br />

TviTneburi SemorCen<strong>is</strong> mouSorebeli tvirTia. maT arsebobaSi<br />

ar<strong>is</strong> raRac saerTo, genetik<strong>is</strong> msgavsi, qveyniereb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sabami<strong>da</strong>n<br />

50

om iRebs saTaves. cxovreb<strong>is</strong> mkacri reglamenti zogjer maTi<br />

moRvaweob<strong>is</strong> sferos srulfasovani warmoCen<strong>is</strong> Semaferxebelia.<br />

,,a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelic didi iyo sicocxleSi, aTjer didi xdeba<br />

sikvdil<strong>is</strong> Semdeg” _ karleil<strong>is</strong> es cnobili gamonaTqvami<br />

TanamedroveTa mimarT sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> Cveuli gulgrilob<strong>is</strong><br />

kidev erTi u<strong>da</strong>vo <strong>da</strong>sturia.<br />

r. hesi m<strong>is</strong> mier Seqmnil konstruirebad samyaroSi marto<br />

ar aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, masTan erTad moiazreba hitleri. man rudolfze<br />

gacnob<strong>is</strong> dRi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>uviwyari STabeWdileba moaxdina. am dRi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> cxovreba optim<strong>is</strong>turma ideebma warmarTa. <strong>swored</strong>, es<br />

kaci moevlina mas pirvel msoflio omSi <strong>da</strong>marcxebuli<br />

germani<strong>is</strong> mxsnelad. ,,hitleri <strong>is</strong> kacia, v<strong>is</strong>ac ZaluZs germani<strong>is</strong><br />

aRorZineba, mxolod mas <strong>da</strong> erTaderT mas”[1,127]. _ ucnauri<br />

STagonebiT eubnebo<strong>da</strong> rudolfi Tav<strong>is</strong> momaval meuRles ilze<br />

priols, romelzec am kacma aseve <strong>da</strong>matyvevebeli gavlena<br />

moaxdina. r. hesma am ,,axali aRmoCeniT”, Tav<strong>is</strong> sakonkurso<br />

naSroms, ,,kaci, romelic ixsn<strong>is</strong> Cvens qveyanas”[16,15] erTgvari<br />

konkretuli pasuxi mouZebna. usaTuod, es adolf hitleri iyo.<br />

1923w. miunxen<strong>is</strong> lud<strong>is</strong> putCma m<strong>is</strong> organizatorebs<br />

arasaxarbielo Sedegi moutana, Tumca Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv maTi<br />

politikuri karier<strong>is</strong> patara <strong>da</strong>sawy<strong>is</strong>i Seiqna. es gaxl<strong>da</strong>T<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> xel<strong>is</strong>uflebaSi mosvl<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi <strong>is</strong>toriuli Tu<br />

politikuri foni, romelmac Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT didi asparezi<br />

SeiZina. landsberg<strong>is</strong> cixem ori odiozuri figur<strong>is</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong>a<br />

<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebaSi Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi roli iTamaSa. <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong><br />

moyolebuli r. hess hitler<strong>is</strong> politikuri orbita 1941 wlamde<br />

ar <strong>da</strong>utovebia. saiTac ,,tribuni” ∗ gezs aiReb<strong>da</strong>, iqeT mihyvebo<strong>da</strong><br />

∗<br />

,,tribuni” _ a. hitler<strong>is</strong> metsaxeli, romelic r. hesma Searqva<br />

51

mas ,,rudi” ∗∗ . ,,me m<strong>is</strong>i erTguli var, rogorc arasdros, me<br />

miyvars <strong>is</strong>”[38,228] - wer<strong>da</strong> hesi. patimrob<strong>is</strong> periodSi, <strong>is</strong><br />

hitler<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ramdenime rols erTdroulad TamaSob<strong>da</strong>:<br />

rogorc d<strong>is</strong>kusieb<strong>is</strong> Tanamonawile <strong>da</strong> partniori, rogorc<br />

sacdeli auditoria hitler<strong>is</strong> monologeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>. landsberg<strong>is</strong><br />

cixeSi <strong>da</strong><strong>is</strong>axa axali politikuri mizani: ,,Cven cxvirebi un<strong>da</strong><br />

SevyoT raixstagSi... marqs<strong>is</strong>tebs vajoboT; Tu es ufro didxans<br />

gagrZeldeba, umjobesia <strong>is</strong>ini <strong>da</strong>vxvritoT!” hes<strong>is</strong> kiTxvaze, Tu<br />

rod<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> imedovnebs hitleri xel<strong>is</strong>uflebaSi mosvlas,<br />

momavalma fiurerma upasuxa: ,,minimum xuT, maqsimum Svid<br />

weliwadSi”[38. 228]. sinamdvileSi, es mox<strong>da</strong> 8 wl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg,<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> mier maSin gakeTebul prognozze erTi wliT gvian.<br />

r. hesi germanii<strong>da</strong>n gaiqca <strong>da</strong> avstrias Seafara Tavi.<br />

magram, male sakuTari ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> Tanaxmad, Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

TanamoazreebTan cixeSi brundeba <strong>da</strong> maT xvedrs iziarebs.<br />

mxolod, stiqiuri buneb<strong>is</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mians Tu SeeZlo am<strong>is</strong> gakeTeba,<br />

romelSic moulodneloba, uCveulo mgznebareba <strong>da</strong> enTuziazmi<br />

Warba<strong>da</strong>a moZalebuli. am sami Tv<strong>is</strong>eb<strong>is</strong> matarebel didostats<br />

faS<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> bibliad wodebul ,,Main kampf” *** -<strong>is</strong><br />

SedgenaSic miuRia monawileoba, romelsac mas cixeSi yofn<strong>is</strong>as<br />

karnaxob<strong>da</strong> avtori _ hitleri. wigni hitler<strong>is</strong> agresiul<br />

gegmebTan erTad gamsWvalulia k. haushofer<strong>is</strong><br />

SorsmWvreteluri ideebiT. ,,sasicocxlo sivrce<br />

aRmosavleTiT” _ haushofer<strong>is</strong> geopolitik<strong>is</strong> es qvakuTxedi,<br />

iqca ,,Main kampf”-<strong>is</strong> sagareo politikuri nawil<strong>is</strong> centralur<br />

debulebad. TviTon k. haushoferma ori aTeuli wl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg<br />

∗∗ ,,rudi” _ ase eZax<strong>da</strong> fiureri hess Sinaurulad<br />

*** Main kampf- Cemi brZola<br />

52

niurnberg<strong>is</strong> procesze aRiara, rom ,, ...es ideebi hes<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT<br />

aRwev<strong>da</strong> hitleramde, magram man <strong>is</strong>ini sworad verasodes ver<br />

gaigo <strong>da</strong> mas Cemi wignebi arasodes ar waukiTxavs”[38,228].<br />

rogorc cnobilia, k. haushoferma r. hesi landsberg<strong>is</strong><br />

cixeSi yofn<strong>is</strong>as, sul mcire, rvajer inaxula. un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom<br />

k. haushofer<strong>is</strong> ant<strong>is</strong>emitizmi ufro ze<strong>da</strong>piruli <strong>da</strong><br />

tradiciuli iyo, masSi ar igrZnobo<strong>da</strong> ebraeleb<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />

personaluri siZulvili. germanelebs, k. haushofer<strong>is</strong> Teori<strong>is</strong><br />

propagand<strong>is</strong>tuli variant<strong>is</strong> mixedviT, _ rogorc ,,ers sivrc<strong>is</strong><br />

gareSe” _ <strong>da</strong>pyrobiTi omi un<strong>da</strong> ewarmoebinaT, raTa Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad<br />

uzrunvelyofili yofiliyvnen. Tav<strong>is</strong> wignSi ,,wynari okean<strong>is</strong><br />

geopolitika” k. haushoferi iaponias aziaSi igive rols<br />

akuTvneb<strong>da</strong>, ra rolic un<strong>da</strong> eTamaSa germanias evropaSi. wigniT<br />

,,Main kampf”-iT Seqmnes nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> uZlevelob<strong>is</strong><br />

fenomeni, ramac saTave <strong>da</strong>udo mesame raix<strong>is</strong> krax<strong>is</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>uval<br />

aucileblobas.<br />

Zalmomreoba anu socialuri eqsploatacia, upirvelesad,<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> biologiuri buneb<strong>is</strong> naklovanebebiT un<strong>da</strong> aixsnas.<br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong> fsiqikuri struqtur<strong>is</strong> Sinagani wonasworob<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>rRveva, avtomaturad iwvevs m<strong>is</strong> agresiul reaqcias.<br />

agresiuli midrekileba a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> buneb<strong>is</strong> aRukveTeli<br />

instiqtia, romelic vlindeba omebSi, a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan<br />

urTierTobeb<strong>is</strong> dros, konkurenciasa <strong>da</strong> klasobriv<br />

antagonizmSi, rasobriv <strong>da</strong>pir<strong>is</strong>pirebasa <strong>da</strong> sxva konfliqtebSi.<br />

Tumca, hitlerTan mimarTebaSi gacilebiT Sors wavidodiT.<br />

omi m<strong>is</strong>i nevrozuli fsiqoz<strong>is</strong> gamovlineb<strong>is</strong> Sedegi iyo.<br />

fsiqikuri degra<strong>da</strong>ci<strong>is</strong> niSnebi, r. hesTanac SeiniSnebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

magram m<strong>is</strong>i m<strong>is</strong>ia ingl<strong>is</strong>Si, m<strong>is</strong>ive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,<br />

53

,,kacTmoyvareob<strong>is</strong> motiviT iyo nakarnaxevi”, anu xocva-Jlet<strong>is</strong><br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileb<strong>is</strong> mizniT. gamoTqmuli azri Tav<strong>is</strong>ebur<br />

winaaRmdegobaSi mod<strong>is</strong>, rogorc 1935w. r. hes<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

,,niurnberg<strong>is</strong> kanonebze”, aseve 1938w. avstri<strong>is</strong> anSlusze<br />

xelmoweril dekretebTan. msgavs dekretebze xelmouwerob<strong>is</strong><br />

SemTxvevaSi, arsebiTad, araferi Seicvlebo<strong>da</strong>, gar<strong>da</strong> im<strong>is</strong>a, rom<br />

r. hess saTanado statuss CamoarTmevdnen <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong> adgilze sxva<br />

amas mainc gaakeTeb<strong>da</strong>., an 1941 wl<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> masSi fsiqiuri<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>texa mox<strong>da</strong> mamobrivi instiqti<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare. volf<br />

riudiger hesi, am dros, 3 wl<strong>is</strong> iyo. Tu Tvals ga<strong>da</strong>vavlebT<br />

SvilTan mam<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas, msgavsi alternativa<br />

<strong>da</strong>saSvebad migvaCnia. saxelmwifo moRvawe gacilebiT humanuri<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>myolia, roca mas ojaxi hyavs. es grZnoba<br />

lokalizebulia a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> gonebaSi <strong>da</strong> pirovneb<strong>is</strong> Sinagani<br />

samyaros moZraob<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> cvalebadob<strong>is</strong> modifikacia masze<br />

gavlenas ver axdens. individi yovelTv<strong>is</strong> amod<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

moTxovnilebi<strong>da</strong>n anu ,,me”-s uSualo intuicii<strong>da</strong>n. Tumca<br />

politikos<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> pirovneb<strong>is</strong> gamijvn<strong>is</strong> garkveuli horizonti<br />

arsebobs. pirovnebaTa fsiqikuri monacemeb<strong>is</strong>a Tu faqteb<strong>is</strong><br />

aRnusxva gaTviTcnobiereb<strong>is</strong> lokaluri SenaerTia, romelic<br />

Sinagani koordinireb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas iZleva. aRqm<strong>is</strong> es utyuari<br />

koreqcia m<strong>is</strong><strong>da</strong>mi zusti midgom<strong>is</strong> uSualo katalizatoria.<br />

msgavsi unar<strong>is</strong> warmoCena individ<strong>is</strong> Tan<strong>da</strong>yolili Tv<strong>is</strong>ebaa,<br />

cxovrebaSi miRebuli gamocdilebiT gafarToebuli.<br />

<strong>da</strong>kvirveb<strong>is</strong> bunebrivi stiqia, rogorc mzardi ganviTareb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

STagonebiTi emanaci<strong>is</strong> produqti, Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT ivseba <strong>da</strong><br />

yalibdeba. Tumca, yoveli individi aseTi gonebrivi<br />

,,ritualiT” rodi gamoirCeva. m<strong>is</strong>i susti impulsebi gaucxoeb<strong>is</strong><br />

54

sindroms warmoSobs <strong>da</strong> pirovneba arazusti Sexedulebeb<strong>is</strong><br />

mqone xdeba. individ<strong>is</strong> intimuri gancdebi azrovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi periodizaciiT gamoirCeva. masSi sentimentaluroba<br />

<strong>is</strong>e Warba<strong>da</strong>a, rogorc indiferentizmi. antonomiuri<br />

mgrZnobelob<strong>is</strong> Tanabari arseboba ganwyob<strong>is</strong> mkveTri<br />

cvalebadob<strong>is</strong> mauwyebelia. xasiaT<strong>is</strong> moCvenebiT sirTules<br />

ucnauri muxtebic Tan erTv<strong>is</strong>, rac gansakuTrebulob<strong>is</strong> niSniT<br />

<strong>ikveTeba</strong>. maTi, rogorc <strong>da</strong>mkvirvebelTa TvalTaxedva xSirad<br />

dinamiuria, garkveuli zomiereb<strong>is</strong> farglebSi. Sinagani<br />

eqscentrulob<strong>is</strong> CaxSob<strong>is</strong> parametrebi ukmayofileb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

gaRizianebadi gancdeb<strong>is</strong> fonze, pikanturi vneb<strong>is</strong> inscenireb<strong>is</strong><br />

momaswavebelia. es saucxoo idealizm<strong>is</strong> klasikuri nimuSia,<br />

wleb<strong>is</strong> manZilze gamorCeuli eleganturobiT gamovlenili.<br />

aseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi iSviaTad ibadebian <strong>da</strong> zogjer Seucnobad<br />

garemoSi kvdebian. maTi xasiaT<strong>is</strong> konus<strong>is</strong>eburi Strixebi<br />

umravlesob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> metad miuwvdomeli <strong>da</strong> gaugebaria. aseT<br />

SemTxvevaSi, ganmartoeb<strong>is</strong> albaToba didia, roca didia<br />

mozRvavebuli emocieb<strong>is</strong> neitralizaci<strong>is</strong> survili.<br />

SesaZlebelia, garkveul monakveTze moxdes individ<strong>is</strong><br />

burani<strong>da</strong>n gamorkveva, arsebulTan Segueba <strong>da</strong> sakuTar TavTan<br />

martod ar <strong>da</strong>rCen<strong>is</strong> xelovnuri pirobeb<strong>is</strong> Seqmna. r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

Sinagani samyaros wakiTxva bevrma ver SeZlo. abstraqtul<br />

garemoebaTa vakuumSi moxvedrilma, yvelaze martoxela kac<strong>is</strong><br />

saxeli <strong>da</strong>imkvidra mTel msoflioSi. oci wl<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> meti xn<strong>is</strong><br />

ganmavlobaSi, ojax<strong>is</strong> wevreb<strong>is</strong> unaxavob<strong>is</strong> lam<strong>is</strong> gamaognebeli<br />

faqti, r. hes<strong>is</strong> pirovneb<strong>is</strong> tipiuri monacemebiT aixsneba, razec<br />

dResdReobiT <strong>da</strong>ujerebeli hipoTeza metyvelebs.<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> oreul<strong>is</strong> Seqmn<strong>is</strong> iluzia absurdia,<br />

55

<strong>is</strong>eve rogorc m<strong>is</strong>i TviTmkvlelob<strong>is</strong> nonsesi. r. hesma bunebrivi<br />

grZnobeb<strong>is</strong> moWarbebuli siptomebi ver Cakla Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi<br />

meuRl<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> vaJ<strong>is</strong> Sexvedr<strong>is</strong>as, romelic 1969w. Sedga, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimrebi<strong>da</strong>n oc<strong>da</strong>rva wl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg. aseve, man Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

uaxloesi megobr<strong>is</strong> a. haushofer<strong>is</strong> sikvdil<strong>is</strong> cnob<strong>is</strong><br />

mosmen<strong>is</strong>as, ver ukuagdo TvalebSi momdgari cremli,<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad im<strong>is</strong>a, rom es amnezi<strong>is</strong> simulireb<strong>is</strong> gacem<strong>is</strong><br />

tolfasi iyo. rogorc cnobilia, niurnberg<strong>is</strong> proces<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>wyeb<strong>is</strong> win, amerikeleb<strong>is</strong> iniciativiT, r. hesi Seaxvedres k.<br />

haushofers. ,,rudolf, Sen ra ver mcnob... oci weli Cven<br />

saxelebiT mivmarTavdiT erTmaneTs. Tu moTminebiT aRiWurvebi,<br />

Sen <strong>da</strong>gibrundeba mexsiereba. maSin Sen gaixseneb Zvel<br />

megobrebs... nuTu Sen ar gaxsovs albrexti, <strong>is</strong> aRar ar<strong>is</strong> Cven<br />

Sor<strong>is</strong>!”[42,134]. rogorc cnobilia, a. haushoferi ukmayofilo<br />

iyo germani<strong>is</strong> politikiT <strong>da</strong> cdilob<strong>da</strong> am politikaze Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

gavlena moexdina. irkveva, rom r. hesi megobrob<strong>da</strong>, hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

politikiT ukmayofilo kacTan. ara marto megobrob<strong>da</strong>, a.<br />

haushoferi hes<strong>is</strong> mrCeveli gaxl<strong>da</strong>T ingl<strong>is</strong>urenovani qveyneb<strong>is</strong><br />

sakiTxebSi. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile mfarvelob<strong>da</strong> haushofereb<strong>is</strong><br />

ojaxs, sanam germaniaSi iyo. cnobilia rom man m<strong>is</strong>ca dediT<br />

ebrael albrexts sagangebo sabuTi, romelic xelSeuxeblob<strong>is</strong><br />

garants aZlev<strong>da</strong>. Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad interes moklebuli rodia <strong>is</strong>,<br />

rom k. haushiferi arwmuneb<strong>da</strong> hess gafren<strong>is</strong> warmatebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>gvirgvineb<strong>is</strong> saqmeSi. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgileze m<strong>is</strong>i gavlena<br />

didi iyo. <strong>da</strong>mafiqrebelia, ra xels aZlev<strong>da</strong> mama-Svil<br />

haushoferebs r. hes<strong>is</strong> germanii<strong>da</strong>n wasvla <strong>is</strong>ini kargavdnen<br />

kacs, romelic hitler<strong>is</strong>gan icav<strong>da</strong> maT. ratom sur<strong>da</strong>T<br />

<strong>da</strong>ekargaT fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> saxiT patronaJi faqtobrivad,<br />

56

<strong>is</strong>ini rCebodnen hitler<strong>is</strong> gavlen<strong>is</strong> qveS, v<strong>is</strong>i politikac ar<br />

moswon<strong>da</strong>T. vfiqrobT, maT hitler<strong>is</strong> hes<strong>is</strong>admi uryevi<br />

siyvarul<strong>is</strong> imedi qon<strong>da</strong>T, ramac am SemTxvevaSi ar gaamarTla.<br />

ufro sworia vivaraudoT, rom haushoferebi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulebi<br />

iyvnen am m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> warmatebaSi, romelic ara marto Secvli<strong>da</strong><br />

viTarebas sagareo politik<strong>is</strong> sferoSi, aramed <strong>da</strong>debiTad<br />

imoqmedeb<strong>da</strong> TviT hes<strong>is</strong> renomezec. ar gamovricxavT, rom<br />

haushoferebs Tav<strong>is</strong>i gegma qon<strong>da</strong>T, roml<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb SesaZloa<br />

TviT hesmac ki ar ico<strong>da</strong>, magram gvian gaigo hitlerma.<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> warmateb<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi, fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgil<strong>is</strong> gmirad ga<strong>da</strong>qcev<strong>is</strong> apoTeozi SesaniSnavad<br />

moergebo<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i gapirvelkaceb<strong>is</strong> haushofer<strong>is</strong>eul ideas.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, a. haushoferi<br />

araoficialuri cd<strong>is</strong>as, molaparakebebi ewarmoebina<br />

SveicariaSi, <strong>da</strong>savlel mokavSireebTan om<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mTavreb<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb, orTvian ,,sapatio patimrobaSi” aiyvanes, 1941 wels.<br />

sabolood, <strong>is</strong> miemxro hitler<strong>is</strong> mowinaaRmdegeebs, romlebmac<br />

1944w. 20 ivl<strong>is</strong>s hitlerze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxma moaxdines. maSin<br />

gamZvinvarebulma fiurerma Tqva: hesi un<strong>da</strong> CamovaxrCoT,<br />

<strong>swored</strong> <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong> iwyeba yvelaferio. am warumatebeli Tav<strong>da</strong>sxm<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg, a. haushoferi alpebSi imalebo<strong>da</strong>. 1944w. 7 dekembers<br />

<strong>da</strong>apatimres <strong>da</strong> berlin<strong>is</strong> cixeSi, moabitSi Casves. <strong>is</strong><br />

sikvdiliT <strong>da</strong>sajes 1945w. 23 aprils.<br />

Cven, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, umravles SemTxvevaSi, bunebriv instiqtebs<br />

vemorCilebiT, imdenad didia maTi Cvenze zemoqmedeb<strong>is</strong> saSuri<br />

Zala. skeptikuri azrovneb<strong>is</strong> Camoyalibeba xSirad gancdili<br />

sibralul<strong>is</strong> gamo xdeba. am saSineli grZnob<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong>as<br />

mozRvavebuli tkivil<strong>is</strong> gamklaveba mxolod cremls SeuZlia.<br />

57

cnobilia, rom hitleri hes<strong>is</strong> gaxseneb<strong>is</strong>as atir<strong>da</strong> itali<strong>is</strong><br />

mmarTvel benito musolinTan saubr<strong>is</strong> dros. 1941w. 2 ivn<strong>is</strong>s<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Jinebuli moTxovniT ,,brener<strong>is</strong> uReltexilze<br />

Sedga Sexvedra hitlersa <strong>da</strong> musolins Sor<strong>is</strong>“[48,491]. saubari<br />

<strong>da</strong>xurul kars miRma warimarTa, romelsac duCes siZe <strong>da</strong><br />

itali<strong>is</strong> sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tri, grafi galeaco Ciano,<br />

eswrebo<strong>da</strong>. mogvianebiT, man am saubr<strong>is</strong> detalebi warmogvidgina<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong> memuarebSi. saubr<strong>is</strong> Tema, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, politikuri<br />

aspeqtiT Semoifargla, ,,fiureri pirveli alaparak<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

moadgil<strong>is</strong> Taobaze <strong>da</strong> atir<strong>da</strong>“[7,343]. adolf hitleri<br />

ganicdi<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> savalalo mdgomareobas did britaneTSi,<br />

romelic m<strong>is</strong>i m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> Cavardnam gamoiwvia. <strong>is</strong> mRelvareb<strong>is</strong>,<br />

sinanul<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> sibralul<strong>is</strong> mozRvavebul grZnobebs Tanabrad<br />

ganicdi<strong>da</strong>, sayvareli a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargv<strong>is</strong>as rom eufleba kacs,<br />

sakuTari ususuri mdgomareob<strong>is</strong> gancd<strong>is</strong> gamo. rogorc<br />

cnobilia, hitlerma musolin<strong>is</strong> msgavsad araerTxel sca<strong>da</strong> r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>elTa tyveobi<strong>da</strong>n gamoxsna, magram britaneT<strong>is</strong><br />

sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxuri yovelTv<strong>is</strong> droulad igeb<strong>da</strong> analogiuri<br />

mcdelobeb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad, fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

adgilsamyofel<strong>is</strong> Secvl<strong>is</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva variantebs adgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

amitom, r. hesma didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> rigi cnobili sapyrobileebi<br />

gamoiara: glazgo, mitCet-ple<strong>is</strong>i, london<strong>is</strong> taueri <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, r. hes<strong>is</strong> saxelmwifo moRalat<strong>is</strong> ampluaSi<br />

ganxilva goniereb<strong>is</strong> sazRvrebs scildeba. hitleri, romelSic<br />

Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> pativmoyvareob<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>uTrgunavi sindromebi<br />

Warbad iyo, Sur<strong>is</strong>geb<strong>is</strong> mizniT mZevlad aiyvan<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong> meuRlesa<br />

<strong>da</strong> sami wl<strong>is</strong> Svils, ara Tu <strong>da</strong>xmareb<strong>is</strong> xels gauwvdi<strong>da</strong> maT.<br />

am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, r. hess piradi axireb<strong>is</strong> motiviT gana SeeZlo<br />

58

ojax<strong>is</strong> gawirva <strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrena sakuTari Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>rCen<strong>is</strong> mizniT Tu germanii<strong>da</strong>n m<strong>is</strong>i gaqcev<strong>is</strong> Tez<strong>is</strong>i<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare vimsjelebT, <strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> yvelaze axlobel a<strong>da</strong>mianebs<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tebTan ar <strong>da</strong>toveb<strong>da</strong>. aseT SemTxvevaSi <strong>is</strong> wavido<strong>da</strong> ara<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si, aramed romelime neitraluri saxelmwifos qalaqSi,<br />

romelic im dros emigrantTa TavSesafrad iyo qceuli. magram,<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tur germaniaSi hes<strong>is</strong> ojaxi erTaderTi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, v<strong>is</strong>ac<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> gamo, hitler<strong>is</strong> msaxvrali xeli ar<br />

Sexebia. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad im<strong>is</strong>a, rom fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgilem mTeli<br />

pasux<strong>is</strong>mgebloba Tav<strong>is</strong> Tavze aiRo, fiurer<strong>is</strong> brZanebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>apatimres: al. haushoferi, r. hes<strong>is</strong> piradi adiutantebi: karl<br />

hainc pinCi <strong>da</strong> alfred laitgeni, agreTve piradi mZRoli<br />

liperti. am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, fiurer<strong>is</strong> nebarTviT, ilze priols<br />

Tanxmoba eZleo<strong>da</strong> mieRo qmr<strong>is</strong> werilebi <strong>da</strong> masze Tava<strong>da</strong>c<br />

epasuxa. r. hes<strong>is</strong> ojax<strong>is</strong> xelSeuxeblob<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong><strong>da</strong>mi<br />

saxelmwifo pensi<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSvn<strong>is</strong> faqtiT, hitleri ar moeri<strong>da</strong><br />

sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> ,,ganaTlebas“, Tu pirvelTa <strong>da</strong>patimreb<strong>is</strong><br />

SemTxvevaSi es gaiTval<strong>is</strong>wina. yovelive am<strong>is</strong> analizi saTuos<br />

ar xd<strong>is</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong> winaswar codnas, hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb. am Cveulebrivma movlenam gansakuTrebuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTva,<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> mier, am detal<strong>is</strong> sikvdilamde sagul<strong>da</strong>gulod<br />

<strong>da</strong>malv<strong>is</strong> mcdelob<strong>is</strong> Sedegad SeiZina. fiurer<strong>is</strong> rol<strong>is</strong><br />

,,gamoricxva“ am m<strong>is</strong>iaSi, <strong>is</strong>ev nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> intereseb<strong>is</strong><br />

gaTval<strong>is</strong>winebiT mox<strong>da</strong>, rom ar <strong>da</strong>karguliyo sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong><br />

rwmena maTi belad<strong>is</strong>admi, aseT warumatebel m<strong>is</strong>iaze <strong>da</strong>stur<strong>is</strong><br />

micem<strong>is</strong> gamo. aseTi niuans<strong>is</strong> oficialurad gamokveTa nac<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong><br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n, arc hitler<strong>is</strong> sikvdil<strong>is</strong> Semdeg iyo mizanSewonili,<br />

germani<strong>is</strong> aTaswleulTa matianeSi m<strong>is</strong>i ,,ganumeorebeli<br />

59

fenomen<strong>is</strong>“ idealuri warmosaxv<strong>is</strong> gamo. r. hesi sakuTari<br />

individualob<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mkvidreb<strong>is</strong> erTgvar pretenziasac ayeneb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

roca acxadeb<strong>da</strong> ,,barbarosas gegm<strong>is</strong>“ arcodn<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

sabWoTa kavSirze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxm<strong>is</strong> win, didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

meomari mxar<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> zurg<strong>is</strong> gamagreba, Tun<strong>da</strong>c m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

neitralitet<strong>is</strong> saxiT, ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> em<strong>is</strong>ars“ <strong>da</strong>majereblob<strong>is</strong><br />

niRabs acli<strong>da</strong>, rasac <strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Casvl<strong>is</strong> dRi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>JinebiT<br />

imeoreb<strong>da</strong> aivon kirkpatrikTan <strong>da</strong> jon saimonTan oficialur<br />

<strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze. germani<strong>is</strong> sabWoTa kavSirze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxm<strong>is</strong> Semdeg,<br />

biverbruk<strong>is</strong> vizitma hesTan ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> samSvidobo<br />

molaparakebaTa nusxaSi garkveuli paragrafebi gamohyo.<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong> mier kargad mofiqrebuli es nabiji<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> azrovneb<strong>is</strong> Semobruneb<strong>is</strong>aken iyo mimarTuli.<br />

Sedegmac ar <strong>da</strong>ayovna. r. hes<strong>is</strong> mier ormoc-ormoc<strong>da</strong>aTiani<br />

gverdi memorandum<strong>is</strong> gakeTeba <strong>da</strong> biverbruk<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>cema<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> molaparakebaTa axali raund<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>wyeb<strong>is</strong> macne<br />

gamodga, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c aq sityva ,,samSvidobo“ aRar figurireb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

amdenad, gafrena politikuri mizniT iyo SeniRbuli, xolo<br />

motivi ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan komprom<strong>is</strong>uli zav<strong>is</strong> miRweva gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. a.<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> neb<strong>is</strong> ignonireba am m<strong>is</strong>iaSi, mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod, r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> moRalateob<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> gonebrivi mentalitet<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>qveiTebiT<br />

iyo SesaZlebeli, rac aq moyvanili faqteb<strong>is</strong> safuZvelze<br />

absoluturad gamoricxulia. amnezi<strong>is</strong> anu mexsiereb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>kargv<strong>is</strong> simuliacia politikuri saidumloeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong><br />

motiviT iyo nakarnaxevi. fsiqiurad aramdgrad mdgomareobaSi<br />

myofi a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> sityvas <strong>da</strong> saqmes naklebi Rirebuleba<br />

eqnebo<strong>da</strong>. amasTan, samedicino eqspertTa kom<strong>is</strong>ias, romelic did<br />

britaneTSi sagangebod iyo SerCeuli, ar <strong>da</strong>u<strong>da</strong>sturebia tvin<strong>is</strong><br />

60

iosferoSi raime msgavsi lafsuseb<strong>is</strong> arseboba, rac aseTi<br />

<strong>da</strong>skvn<strong>is</strong> gamotan<strong>is</strong> saSualebas mogvcem<strong>da</strong>. hipokramf<strong>is</strong> im<br />

naxevarsferoSi, romelSic grZelvadiani <strong>da</strong> moklevadiani<br />

mexsierebaa moTavsebuli <strong>da</strong> maTTv<strong>is</strong> axali cnobeb<strong>is</strong>a Tu<br />

informacieb<strong>is</strong> mimwodebeli nervuli s<strong>is</strong>xlZarRveb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>zianeb<strong>is</strong> kvali am eqspertiz<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnaSi ar moixsenieba.<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, amnezi<strong>is</strong> cnobili hipoTeza ar <strong>da</strong>sturdeba.<br />

SesaZleblob<strong>is</strong> yovelgvar zRvars aRematebo<strong>da</strong> TiTqm<strong>is</strong><br />

oTxsaaTiani frena, MM,,ME-110“-<strong>is</strong> tip<strong>is</strong> TviTmfrinaviT, roml<strong>is</strong><br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli konstruqciuli modeli r. hes<strong>is</strong> instruqcieb<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvelze, Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan gansxvavebuli stil<strong>is</strong> xdebo<strong>da</strong> _ Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

<strong>da</strong>matebiTi sawvavi avzebiT, mfrinav<strong>is</strong> kabinaSi <strong>da</strong>montaJebuli<br />

sxivadi anteniTa ∗ <strong>da</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i radio-mowyobilobiT* ∗ ,<br />

romelSic pauzeb<strong>is</strong> dros germani<strong>is</strong> cnobili kompozitoreb<strong>is</strong>:<br />

vagner<strong>is</strong>, bax<strong>is</strong>, Sopen<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa klasikuri simfoniuri<br />

kompoziciebi ga<strong>is</strong>mo<strong>da</strong>. aseTi komponenteb<strong>is</strong> arseboba, ra Tqma<br />

un<strong>da</strong>, miznad <strong>is</strong>axav<strong>da</strong> fren<strong>is</strong> gaadvileb<strong>is</strong> uzrunvelyofas, rac<br />

gamaognebeli <strong>da</strong> Tavbru<strong>da</strong>mxvevi fantazi<strong>is</strong> realobaSi<br />

ganxorcieleb<strong>is</strong> naTel magaliTs iZleva. veraferi Seedreba<br />

xorcSesxmul genias, saukun<strong>is</strong> mesaW<strong>is</strong> sul<strong>is</strong>kveTebiT<br />

gaJRenTils, romelic mu<strong>da</strong>m xibls badebs <strong>da</strong> ara Sursa <strong>da</strong><br />

sixarbes. saukun<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> momxveWvelobiTi sidiade<br />

∗<br />

r. hesma m<strong>is</strong>i fren<strong>is</strong> kurs<strong>is</strong> gansazRvr<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, TviTmfrinavSi radiomimReb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>montaJeba moiTxova. magram garemoebas arTuleb<strong>da</strong> specialuri sxivadi antena,<br />

romelic Crd. <strong>da</strong>niaSi iyo ganTavsebuli. rogorc mas radiokvanZ<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanelma iozef<br />

blumelma ganumarta, samx. germanii<strong>da</strong>n m<strong>is</strong>i gamoyeneba SeuZlebeli iyo. Tumc, rogorc<br />

Semdeg gairkva, sadgurs mimarTuleba Seucvales.<br />

∗ * sakiTx<strong>is</strong> ukeT gaazreb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> SevecdebiT ganvmartoT aviaciaSi radiomimReb<strong>is</strong><br />

gamoyeneb<strong>is</strong> meTodi. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, am periodSi e. w. radio-kompasebiT sargeblobdnen,<br />

romelic RamiT, haerSi fren<strong>is</strong> mimarTulebas pir<strong>da</strong>pir, marjvniv Tu marcxniv<br />

warmarTav<strong>da</strong>. kurs<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebeli cvl<strong>is</strong> dros morzes cnobili kodi ga<strong>is</strong>mo<strong>da</strong>. bgera N<br />

(Dah-did an <strong>da</strong>sh-dot) marcxniv ga<strong>da</strong>xras, xolo A (Did-<strong>da</strong>h dot-<strong>da</strong>sh) marjvniv ga<strong>da</strong>xras niSnav<strong>da</strong>.<br />

es ki mfrinavs swori orientireb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas aZlev<strong>da</strong>.<br />

61

genioseb<strong>is</strong> kompleqsuri SemoqmedebiTi <strong>da</strong>tvirTv<strong>is</strong> diriJoria.<br />

am SemTxvevaSi pirovneba-kompleqsi, cnebaTa horizontze,<br />

mentaluri nusx<strong>is</strong> CamonaTvalSi, wamyvan adgilebze<br />

monacvleob<strong>is</strong> aqtivobiT gamoirCeva, roml<strong>is</strong> qaotur<br />

sibrtyeSic ga<strong>da</strong>nacvleba urTierTqmedeb<strong>is</strong> Zalebs <strong>da</strong>asustebs,<br />

magram ar mospobs. kontrastuli faqteb<strong>is</strong> Tanxvdoma am<br />

m<strong>is</strong>iaSi, kargad gaazrebuli obieqturi sinamdvil<strong>is</strong><br />

ilustrireb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas iZleva. taqtikuri mosazrebeb<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvelze, warmoqmnili rigi sakiTxebi Cveni TvalTaxedv<strong>is</strong><br />

meridianul sibrtyeSi ganTavseb<strong>is</strong>as, erTmaneT<strong>is</strong>agan<br />

gansxvavebul calkeul <strong>da</strong>jgufebad iyofa.<br />

1939 wels, a. hitler<strong>is</strong> mier anderZ<strong>is</strong> Secvl<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> h.<br />

gering<strong>is</strong> uSualo memkvidred <strong>da</strong>niSvn<strong>is</strong> faqts, r. hesi Cveuli<br />

simSvidiT Sexv<strong>da</strong>. yovel SemTxvevaSi, mas ar gamouTqvams raime<br />

protesti an miniSneba <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli faqt<strong>is</strong> mimarT; Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />

imitom, rom am anderZ<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli varianti aseve sajarod<br />

iyo cnobili, xolo m<strong>is</strong>ma Secvlam didi miTqma-moTqma<br />

gamoiwvia nac<strong>is</strong>tur wreebSi, am pirovnebaSi ganawyeneb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

Seuracxyof<strong>is</strong> simptomebs uTuod warmoSob<strong>da</strong>. magram uzado<br />

inteligenti <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xvewili manereb<strong>is</strong> mqone a<strong>da</strong>miani msgavs<br />

Strixebs aSkarad rodi avlens, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc es ar gamoxata<br />

aSS prezidentma f. ruzveltma u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> mimarT, r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

Cafren<strong>is</strong> Taobaze informaci<strong>is</strong> droulad miuwodeblob<strong>is</strong> gamo.<br />

zemoT<strong>da</strong>saxelebuli faqti, r. hes<strong>is</strong> germanii<strong>da</strong>n gaqcev<strong>is</strong><br />

erT-erT ZiriTad mizezad ar<strong>is</strong> miCneuli. magram hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

mzrunveloba m<strong>is</strong> ojaxze, am mosazreb<strong>is</strong> ignorirebas axdens.<br />

madliereb<strong>is</strong> grZnoba Cveuli parametrebiT rodi izomeba. <strong>is</strong><br />

lokalizebulia a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> samyaroSi <strong>da</strong> moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> marTebuli<br />

62

Sefaseb<strong>is</strong>as goneb<strong>is</strong> saTanado reaqciiT gamoixateba. sikeT<strong>is</strong><br />

qmna angariSianobaze ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli, individi<br />

samagieros <strong>da</strong>bruneb<strong>is</strong> molodinSi ar un<strong>da</strong> iRwvodes. es ar<br />

ar<strong>is</strong> gegmazomieri qmedebeb<strong>is</strong> maregulirebeli Zala. es<br />

grZnobaa pirovneb<strong>is</strong> sind<strong>is</strong>ze aRmocenebuli. amitom, rodesac<br />

saubaria sikeTeze, iq angariSianob<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> angareb<strong>is</strong> sindromebi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> gamoiricxos. raoden <strong>da</strong>sanania, rom realur samyaroSi<br />

aseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi iSviaTobas warmoadgenen. savsebiT <strong>da</strong>saSvebia,<br />

rom r. hesma, cixeSi izolirebulma a<strong>da</strong>mianma, hitler<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />

madliereb<strong>is</strong> grZnoba utyvi dumiliT gamoxata <strong>da</strong> amiT<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> renomes Crdili ar miayena. iqneb, hitlerma m<strong>is</strong><br />

ojaxze mzrunvelobiT sruli garantia Seiqmna m<strong>is</strong>i dumil<strong>is</strong><br />

mosapoveblad magram m<strong>is</strong>i sikvdil<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, r. hess xom am<br />

Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> sruli Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleba eZleo<strong>da</strong>. m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

kerpi buneba, ingl<strong>is</strong>elTa didi mcdelob<strong>is</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, sawy<strong>is</strong><br />

poziciebs ar Tmob<strong>da</strong>, imdenad didi iyo masSi movaleob<strong>is</strong><br />

keTilsind<strong>is</strong>ierad asruleb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> im qveynad pirnaTlad<br />

wardgom<strong>is</strong> survili. niurnberg<strong>is</strong> sasamarTlo procesze, r.<br />

hesma Tav<strong>is</strong> saboloo sityvaSi, brali <strong>da</strong>sdo ra<br />

marTlmsajulebas uflebamosileb<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>metebaSi, ganacxa<strong>da</strong>:<br />

,,me pasux<strong>is</strong>mgeblobas mxolod ufl<strong>is</strong> winaSe vatareb <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var, rom <strong>is</strong> mapatiebso“[1.592]. nuTu hess<br />

TviTkontrol<strong>is</strong> unari ar Seswev<strong>da</strong>, an germaniaSi m<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

Cadenil <strong>da</strong>naSaulebaTa ricxvi ar efardebo<strong>da</strong><br />

marTlmsajuleb<strong>is</strong> normatiul kanonebs faqti jiutia. <strong>is</strong> Tavs<br />

<strong>da</strong>mnaSaved ar Tvli<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>ujerebelia, axalgazr<strong>da</strong> kacs Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

<strong>da</strong>naSaulebeb<strong>is</strong> aRiareb<strong>is</strong> gambe<strong>da</strong>oba ar aRmoaCn<strong>da</strong> maSin, roca<br />

man aRiara mexsiereb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargv<strong>is</strong> simuliacia sasjel<strong>is</strong><br />

63

gamotan<strong>is</strong> win ,,me min<strong>da</strong> sasamarTlos vauwyo, rom am<br />

momenti<strong>da</strong>n Cemi mexsiereba mTlianad sasamarTlos<br />

gankargulebaSia. safuZveli, romelic ar arsebob<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

<strong>da</strong>kargv<strong>is</strong> mizniT, sufTa taqtikuri xasiaT<strong>is</strong>a gaxl<strong>da</strong>T“[1,582].<br />

sakiTx<strong>is</strong> amgvari <strong>da</strong>sma, m<strong>is</strong><strong>da</strong>mi Savi laqeb<strong>is</strong> CamoSorebas ar<br />

gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs. Tumca, fiurer<strong>is</strong> survil<strong>is</strong> gareSe, mas arasdros<br />

araferi ar gaukeTebia. ori a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> goneb<strong>is</strong> gamudmebiT erT<br />

poziciaze yofna SeuZlebelia. maT Sor<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdegobasac<br />

hqon<strong>da</strong> adgili, magram Seurigebel xasiaTSi arasdros<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>zrdila. araferi ar ewinaaRmdegeba buneb<strong>is</strong> kanonebs <strong>is</strong>e,<br />

rogorc erTferovneba.<br />

1945w. hitler<strong>is</strong> TviTmkvlelobam Tav<strong>is</strong> bunkerSi<br />

saqorwilo ceremoni<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, r. hesze didi gavlena moaxdina.<br />

niurnbergSi warmoTqmuli gancxadebiT, man erTgvari miniSneba<br />

gaakeTa, iq myofi bralmdebeli nac<strong>is</strong>teb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, radgan mixv<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom <strong>is</strong>ini cdilobdnen hitlerze <strong>da</strong>naSaulTa ga<strong>da</strong>bralebas.<br />

yoveli a<strong>da</strong>miani inTqmeba sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> totalur okeaneSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> mraval m<strong>is</strong>nairTa Sor<strong>is</strong>, Tavs mainc eulad <strong>da</strong> martosulad<br />

grZnobs. sakuTari Tav<strong>is</strong>admi rwmena masSi imdenad didia, rom<br />

sxveb<strong>is</strong>admi undoblob<strong>is</strong> almacer <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas amJRavnebs.<br />

eWvianob<strong>is</strong> sawy<strong>is</strong>i kriteriumebi, <strong>swored</strong> ndob<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargv<strong>is</strong><br />

moaxloebul SegrZnebasTan erTad Cndeba. Tumca, moCvenebiTi<br />

Semecneb<strong>is</strong> fonze, m<strong>is</strong>i warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> sababsac ar gamovricxavT.<br />

Tavmoyvareob<strong>is</strong>a Tu pativmoyvareob<strong>is</strong> Selaxva eWvianob<strong>is</strong><br />

nia<strong>da</strong>gze aRZruli skan<strong>da</strong>l<strong>is</strong>a Tu konfliqt<strong>is</strong> Sedegad xdeba.<br />

am SemTxvevaSi, saqm<strong>is</strong> msvleloba ufro garTulebul saxes<br />

Rebulobs <strong>da</strong> individTa gamijvn<strong>is</strong> albaTobac metia.<br />

gawonasworebuli, zomieri a<strong>da</strong>miani Sesafer<strong>is</strong> emociebs<br />

64

aSkarad ar avlens, Tumca emociur a<strong>da</strong>mianTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />

naklebad rodi uyvars. yuradReb<strong>is</strong> koncentrireba<br />

rekomendirebulia, magram rodesac meore mxare faruli<br />

eWvianob<strong>is</strong> mowme xdeba, m<strong>is</strong> gulSi maSinve <strong>da</strong>cinv<strong>is</strong> obieqtad<br />

iqcevi an sibralul<strong>is</strong> grZnob<strong>is</strong> gamomwvev mizeza<strong>da</strong>c. arc erTi<br />

maTgani urTierTobaze <strong>da</strong>debiTad ar a<strong>is</strong>axeba <strong>da</strong> droTa<br />

ganmavlobaSi Sinagani gaRizianeb<strong>is</strong> motivi xdeba.<br />

safarvelaxdili eWvianoba urTierTob<strong>is</strong> gamwvaveb<strong>is</strong> droebiTi<br />

Seneleb<strong>is</strong> iniciatoria. Tav<strong>da</strong>jerebulob<strong>is</strong> niRabi Sinagani<br />

mgznebareb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Zlev<strong>is</strong> erT-erTi maregulirebeli saSualebaa.<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaSic msgavsi Strixeb<strong>is</strong><br />

detaluri aRqm<strong>is</strong> variacia gvxvdeba. didi siyvaruli eWvianob<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>sabamia odiTgan, romelic Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi ego<strong>is</strong>turi<br />

eqscentrulob<strong>is</strong> gamovlen<strong>is</strong> nimuSia. ,,r. hesi, _ poloneT<strong>is</strong><br />

general-gubernator<strong>is</strong> hans frank<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebiT, _ Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

Sexedulebebsa <strong>da</strong> qcevebSi absoluturad sufTa, magram<br />

eWvianobiT moculi pirovneba gaxl<strong>da</strong>T“[42,124]. urTierTob<strong>is</strong><br />

neb<strong>is</strong>mier sferoSi msgavsi lafsusebi yovelTv<strong>is</strong> met-naklebad<br />

iCens Tavs. am SemTxvevaSi, Tu fiurer<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

urTierTobas mamaTmavlob<strong>is</strong> saxeliT SevniRbavT, maSin ra<br />

vuwodoT fanatikur morwmuneSi RmerT<strong>is</strong><br />

yovl<strong>is</strong>SemZleob<strong>is</strong>admi bunebrivi eWv<strong>is</strong> aRmocenebas xom ar<br />

ganvixiloT siyvaruli aunazRaurebeli msxverpl<strong>is</strong> gaReb<strong>is</strong><br />

tragikuli molodiniT aRZruli eWv<strong>is</strong> safuZveli mocemul<br />

sakiTxSi WeSmariteb<strong>is</strong> Zieba nebayoflobiTia <strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong><br />

urTierTob<strong>is</strong> ragvarob<strong>is</strong> garkvevaSi uTuod <strong>da</strong>gvexmareba. es<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavadi procesia, romelic kanonzomierebas naklebad<br />

emorCileba. cnobierebaze m<strong>is</strong>i asaxva gonebrivi<br />

65

d<strong>is</strong>kreditaci<strong>is</strong> fonze iqmneba. sazogadoebasTan pirovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

Segueb<strong>is</strong> meqanizmi urTierTmopasuxe muxteb<strong>is</strong> sinqronuli<br />

sinTez<strong>is</strong> Sedegad yalibdeba. qvecnobiereb<strong>is</strong> zogad Teorieb<strong>is</strong><br />

aliansi, individze SexedulebaTa Seqmn<strong>is</strong> kurs<strong>is</strong> sworad<br />

aRebaSi gvexmareba. pirveli Sexedv<strong>is</strong>Tanave, refleqsuri<br />

gaanalizeb<strong>is</strong> es uCveulo sindromebi maSinve iCens Tavs <strong>da</strong><br />

masTan <strong>da</strong>axloeba-ar<strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong> Sinagani xm<strong>is</strong> karnaxs<br />

vemorCilebiT. Tu gonebas <strong>da</strong>vZabavT, rom SevignoT <strong>is</strong> rac<br />

aucilebelia, <strong>da</strong>gveufleba usiamo ganc<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gonebac usiamod<br />

gairjeba. sazogadoebrivi etiket<strong>is</strong> normebSi moqceulebi<br />

analogiuri qcev<strong>is</strong> cxovrebaSi gatareb<strong>is</strong> momxreni arian.<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> garemocvas SeumCneveli ar <strong>da</strong>rCenia fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgil<strong>is</strong> astrologiiT gataceba. mas Seerya janmrTeloba,<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong> vegeterianul sakvebze <strong>da</strong> hitlerTan sadilob<strong>is</strong><br />

dros Tav<strong>is</strong>i ulufa Tan <strong>da</strong>hqon<strong>da</strong>. fiurerTan m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>bezReb<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg, hitleri iZulebuli Seiqna m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> am<strong>is</strong> gakeTeba<br />

aekrZala: ,,me myavs araCveulebrivi mzareuli, TqviT rac<br />

gnebavT <strong>da</strong> igi mogimzadebT. CemTan sadilob<strong>is</strong>as Tqveni<br />

specifikuri saWmliT mosvla aRar SeiZleba.“ rudolf<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

marTlebaze adolfma sityva mouWra: ,,Tu ase ar gin<strong>da</strong>T, maSin<br />

nuRar moxvalT, saxlSi <strong>da</strong>rCiT <strong>da</strong> iq <strong>is</strong>adileT.“ rogorc<br />

cnobilia, ,,r. hesi im dRi<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli sufrasTan Zalian<br />

iSviaTad Cndebo<strong>da</strong>“[38,216]. magram es ar gvaZlevs im<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvels vifiqroT, rom rudolfs hitleri samu<strong>da</strong>mod<br />

SezizRebo<strong>da</strong>, rasac m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>mbezRebleb<strong>is</strong> mimarT ar<br />

gamovricxavT. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile pirovnulad arc erT<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tTan ar idga <strong>is</strong>e axlos, rogorc hitlerTan <strong>da</strong> Semdeg<br />

mama-Svil haushoferebTan. Tu hitleri mas zemoTmoxsenebuli<br />

66

incident<strong>is</strong> gamo droebiT SeZuldebo<strong>da</strong>, es siZulvilic mas<br />

ekuTvno<strong>da</strong>, rogorc didi siyvarul<strong>is</strong> ganuyofeli nawili.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, albrext haushoferi samSvidobo<br />

molaparakebaTa cikls r. hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebiT awarmoeb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

romelic m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> organizeb<strong>is</strong> erTgvar politikur sarCuls<br />

warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> mier warmarTuli arc erTi<br />

molaparakeba Tu Sexvedra ar Sedgebo<strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong> survil<strong>is</strong><br />

gareSe. a. haushofer<strong>is</strong> mier mam<strong>is</strong>admi karl haushofer<strong>is</strong>admi<br />

miwerili werili<strong>da</strong>n moyvanili citata: ,,me verafers axals ver<br />

Sevityob manam, sanam fiureri <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i moadgile xelaxla ar<br />

morigdebian“[1,672]. _ am<strong>is</strong> ilustrireb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas namdvilad<br />

iZleva. gafren<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> am kuTxi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>naxva<br />

erTmniSvnelovani ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> miRebaSi uTuod<br />

<strong>da</strong>gvexmareba. kerZod, vfiqrobT, gafrena a. hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> SeTanxmebuli moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>. magram<br />

hitleri, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c kargad iyo informirebuli <strong>da</strong>saxuli<br />

gegm<strong>is</strong> realizebaSi, imdenad eWvi eparebo<strong>da</strong> masSi gaweuli<br />

r<strong>is</strong>k<strong>is</strong> albaTobaze. r<strong>is</strong>kTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli gar<strong>da</strong>uvali SiS<strong>is</strong><br />

grZnoba _ gambe<strong>da</strong>ob<strong>is</strong> kleb<strong>is</strong> simptomia an mometebuli<br />

guladob<strong>is</strong> gamovlen<strong>is</strong> stimuli. analogiur monacemTa bazas<br />

arc fiureri <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i moadgile ganekuTvnebo<strong>da</strong>, romlebic<br />

materialuri samyaros maradiuli gamWirvalob<strong>is</strong> xedv<strong>is</strong><br />

epicentrSi moeqcnen. dro<strong>is</strong> maSindeli anarekli am individebs<br />

<strong>is</strong>e mkafiod warmoaCens, TiTqo garkveviT vxe<strong>da</strong>vT rogor<br />

<strong>ikveTeba</strong> bnelSi maTi nakvTebi, sax<strong>is</strong> mimika, moZraob<strong>is</strong><br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi rkali <strong>da</strong> sxva pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi,<br />

romlebic gamoirCevian mSvid an aRelvebul situaciebze<br />

reagireb<strong>is</strong> Tanxvdomi morgeb<strong>is</strong> gasaocari niWiT.<br />

67

TviTkontrol<strong>is</strong> funqci<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargva funqcionaluri<br />

<strong>da</strong>niSnuleb<strong>is</strong> moSl<strong>is</strong> maCvenebelia, xolo kontrol<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesusteb<strong>is</strong> meqanizmi imave <strong>da</strong>niSnuleb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>uZlureb<strong>is</strong><br />

sindromi. <strong>da</strong>regulireb<strong>is</strong> raRac Sualeduri, usaxo Zala<br />

organizmSi mimdinare susti Zvreb<strong>is</strong> Sedegad warmoiqmneba. am<br />

dros, mas unari ar Seswevs individualurad gaumklavdes ama<br />

Tu im sirTules, roml<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Zlev<strong>is</strong> Semdeg <strong>is</strong> sxvaze bevrad<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli xdeba. <strong>da</strong>moukideblob<strong>is</strong>aken ltolva<br />

zr<strong>da</strong>sruli a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> sanukvari ocnebaa, Tumca gare<br />

samyarosTan Widili, zogjer, am grZnob<strong>is</strong> Cakvl<strong>is</strong><br />

mamoZravebeli berketia. sazogadoebasTan Segueb<strong>is</strong> Cveuli<br />

meTodeb<strong>is</strong> uaryofa, ara <strong>da</strong>moukideblob<strong>is</strong> mopoveb<strong>is</strong>, aramed<br />

gandegilob<strong>is</strong> eqvivalentiT sruldeba. arsebulTan sakuTar<strong>is</strong><br />

moxerxebulad Serwyma Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> gancd<strong>is</strong> siamovnebas ar<br />

mogvaniWebs, magram urTierTob<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ukeTes<br />

pirobebs gvTavazobs. pirovnebaTa Sor<strong>is</strong> d<strong>is</strong>tancia<br />

xelovnurad qmn<strong>is</strong> Seuvalob<strong>is</strong> imijs. am dros morideb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

gaube<strong>da</strong>ob<strong>is</strong> socialuri refleqsi imdenad didia, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

ganwyobileb<strong>is</strong> gamomuSaveb<strong>is</strong> stimuli. aseTi sul<strong>is</strong>kveTeb<strong>is</strong><br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebSi Zlieria sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> saTaveSi moqcev<strong>is</strong> survili.<br />

<strong>is</strong>ini zogjer tragikulad asruleben sicocxles, maT irgvliv<br />

Seqmnili situacii<strong>da</strong>n neb<strong>is</strong>mieri gziT Tav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Rwev<strong>is</strong> gamo.<br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong> komunikabeluri buneba zogjer sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong><br />

aRfrTovanebas iwvevs, magram amave dros gakilv<strong>is</strong> saganic<br />

xdeba, radgan urTierTob<strong>is</strong>as pirovneb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>debiTi <strong>da</strong><br />

uaryofiTi mxareebi aSkarad Cans. yovelive es r. hess kargad<br />

qon<strong>da</strong> Segnebuli. <strong>da</strong>savleT berlin<strong>is</strong> seqtorSi mdebare<br />

Span<strong>da</strong>us cix<strong>is</strong> patimari Tav<strong>is</strong> Tanamemamule<br />

68

TanamzraxvelebTan kontaqtebs xSirad gaurbo<strong>da</strong>. Tanabari<br />

status<strong>is</strong> mqone patimarTagan gamoirCeo<strong>da</strong>, radgan warsuli<br />

dideb<strong>is</strong> naSTi masSi <strong>is</strong>ev Rvio<strong>da</strong>. cix<strong>is</strong> baRSi momuSaveTa<br />

replikebsa Tu ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveleb<strong>is</strong> sayvedurebs warsuli<strong>da</strong>n<br />

pasuxob<strong>da</strong>: - rom <strong>is</strong> fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile iyo, Speeri ki<br />

arqiteqtori. sxvagvarad, es saqme m<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> ara Cems<br />

kompetenciaSi Sed<strong>is</strong>o. uflebaayrilma patimarma<br />

Tavmoyvareob<strong>is</strong> SenarCuneba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva m<strong>is</strong>i ,,kasturi<br />

karCaketilob<strong>is</strong>“ saSualebiT SeZlo, roml<strong>is</strong> drosac<br />

winaaRmdegob<strong>is</strong> gawev<strong>is</strong> survili neldeba. r. hesi cix<strong>is</strong> ezoSi<br />

myof <strong>da</strong>narCen patimrebTan iSviaTad seirnob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> saubrob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

man ico<strong>da</strong>, rom am dros a<strong>da</strong>mians gul<strong>is</strong> gaxsn<strong>is</strong> stimuli<br />

eZleva <strong>da</strong> wleb<strong>is</strong> manZilze naloliavebi saidumlos uneblie<br />

gamJRavneb<strong>is</strong> albaTobac metia. <strong>swored</strong>, am mizeziT didi<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> mTavrobam m<strong>is</strong>i araerTgz<strong>is</strong> Txovn<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>pireb<strong>is</strong><br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, mas ar <strong>da</strong>rTo neba saxlSi wasuliyo. igive<br />

motiviT iyo nakarnaxevi r. hes<strong>is</strong> a. SpeerTan saubari cix<strong>is</strong><br />

ezoSi, xanmokle seirnob<strong>is</strong> dros. rogorc Speeri ixsenebs, r.<br />

hesma saubr<strong>is</strong> Temas moulodnelad ga<strong>da</strong>uxvia <strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>i gafren<strong>is</strong> sakiTxs Seexo. mas albert<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> lam<strong>is</strong><br />

megobruli kiloTi miumarTavs: ,,ici Tu ara, Sen, _ ukiTxavs<br />

hess _ ra miTxra hitlerma ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenamde ori dRiT<br />

adre“_ <strong>da</strong> pasux<strong>is</strong> gacem<strong>is</strong> molodinSi arc Seyovnebula, <strong>is</strong>e<br />

<strong>da</strong>umatebia: „ifrine hess, magram Zalian frTxilad!“[50,64]. r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n es aSkara aRiareb<strong>is</strong> tolfasia, riTac man<br />

naTelyo gafrenaSi hitler<strong>is</strong> faruli monawileoba.<br />

gulaxdiloba erTgvari Sveb<strong>is</strong>momgvreli saSualebaa, radgan am<br />

dros sicru<strong>is</strong> koeficienti sagrZnoblad klebulobs. a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

69

mtkice neb<strong>is</strong>yof<strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong> iyos, an didi movaleob<strong>is</strong> grZnobiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>tvirTuli, rom aseTi saidumlo saflavSi Caiyolos.<br />

sikvdil<strong>is</strong> moaxloeb<strong>is</strong> win, didi xn<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>farul<strong>is</strong> gamJRavneba<br />

momakv<strong>da</strong>v<strong>is</strong> aforiaqebuli sul<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mSvideb<strong>is</strong> saukeTeso<br />

xerxia. SesaZlebelia, xan<strong>da</strong>zmuli berikaci-patimr<strong>is</strong><br />

mkvleloba saTanado motiviT iyo nakarnaxevi, roca r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n adgili qon<strong>da</strong> gulgaxsnilob<strong>is</strong> msgavs momentebs.<br />

magaliTad, amerikeli cix<strong>is</strong> komen<strong>da</strong>tTan, iujin biordTan,<br />

faruli saubari. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad im<strong>is</strong>a, rom mas patimarTan faruli<br />

kontaqtebi mkacrad qon<strong>da</strong> akrZaluli. a. SpeerTan hes<strong>is</strong><br />

saubari ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> saidumlos gamJRavneb<strong>is</strong><br />

ilustrireb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas iZleva. rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> goneba<br />

erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave sagans CasWidebia, mTlianad masze<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli xdeba <strong>da</strong> es, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, iwvevs cxovreb<strong>is</strong><br />

ritm<strong>is</strong> modunebas. r. hes<strong>is</strong> arsebaSi hitlerTan gaigivebuli<br />

cneba ar arsebob<strong>da</strong>. man TiTqos samu<strong>da</strong>mod <strong>da</strong>gmana mexsiereb<strong>is</strong><br />

es ujredi <strong>da</strong> mentaluri xelovneb<strong>is</strong> iSviaT nimuSad aqcia.<br />

grZelvadiani mexsiereb<strong>is</strong> tabu<strong>da</strong>debuli nawil<strong>is</strong> reabilitacia<br />

urTierTob<strong>is</strong> gaaqtiureb<strong>is</strong> xangrZlivi proces<strong>is</strong> Sedegia. es, im<br />

SemTxvevaSi, roca individi <strong>da</strong>debiTad ganewyoba konkretuli<br />

pir<strong>is</strong> mimarT <strong>da</strong> masTan <strong>da</strong>axloebas saWirod CaTvl<strong>is</strong>.<br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong> aseTi delikaturi buneba, xSirad, ar ar<strong>is</strong> msgavsi<br />

komponenteb<strong>is</strong> gamovlen<strong>is</strong> iniciatori. Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv, iSviaTobas<br />

warmoadgens masTan <strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong> mcdelob<strong>is</strong> warmatebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>gvirgvinebac. hitleri hes<strong>is</strong> cxovrebaSi keTilsind<strong>is</strong>ierad<br />

CaerTo. m<strong>is</strong>i uSualo miTiTebiT rudolfma SeirTo ilze<br />

prioli. „ratom ar irTavT froilin ilzes, <strong>is</strong> mSvenieri<br />

qaliSvilia!“[38,203] _ uTqvams hitlers m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> rudolf<strong>is</strong><br />

70

yoyman<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>ojaxeb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxSi erTxel <strong>da</strong> samu<strong>da</strong>mod<br />

wertili <strong>da</strong>usvams. ilze meuRl<strong>is</strong> TvalSi amaRlebuli<br />

siyvarul<strong>is</strong>, pativ<strong>is</strong>cem<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> ndob<strong>is</strong> erTgvari gansaxiereba<br />

iyo. Tumca mogvianebiT, r. hesma politikuri ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong><br />

miReb<strong>is</strong> Cveuli wesi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, ojax<strong>is</strong> intereseb<strong>is</strong><br />

ignorireba moaxdina.<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> win ilzesTan Sesulma meuRlem<br />

SeniSna ,,duglas klaidsdeil<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>Slili wigni, romelsac<br />

ilze ratomRac im dRes kiTxulob<strong>da</strong>“[42,308]. es wigni avtorma<br />

k. haushofers aCuqa warweriT ∗ , am ukanasknelma r. hess ga<strong>da</strong>sca.<br />

erTaderTi, rac hesma im wuTebSi moimoqme<strong>da</strong>, wign<strong>is</strong> wina<br />

furcelze hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> portret<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> Tval<strong>is</strong><br />

Sevleba iyo. ,,Zalze mimzidveli kacia“[16,37] – xma<strong>da</strong>bla<br />

uTqvams, r<strong>is</strong> Semdeg ilzes mravalmniSvnelovan mzeras waawy<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> uxerxulad SeiSmuSna. rudolf<strong>is</strong> wuTieri yoymani<br />

gvafiqrebinebs, rom mas meuRl<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> yvelafr<strong>is</strong> gulaxdilad<br />

Tqm<strong>is</strong> survili <strong>da</strong>eba<strong>da</strong>, magram maSinve ga<strong>da</strong>ifiqra. sjob<strong>da</strong>,<br />

ilze orazrovani logik<strong>is</strong> burusSi <strong>da</strong>etovebina.<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> gon<strong>is</strong> formaTa simboluri warmonaqmnebi,<br />

yvelaze metad m<strong>is</strong> saqcielSi vlindeba. amas individi ufro<br />

gvian xvdeba, vidre garSemomyofTa Tvali aRiqvams. <strong>is</strong><br />

simarTl<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>malv<strong>is</strong>as ori alternatiuli mosazrebiT<br />

xelmZRvanelobs. goneb<strong>is</strong> momarTva individSi, sicru<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>balanseb<strong>is</strong> mizniT, dro<strong>is</strong> araaqtiuri dram<strong>is</strong> adeqvaturi<br />

xdeba. individs ratomRac hgonia, rom „meore“ m<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

SeTavazebuli cru iluzieb<strong>is</strong> moziare gaxdeba. am SemTxvevaSi<br />

mas un<strong>da</strong> gaaCndes warmosaxv<strong>is</strong> unari, anu un<strong>da</strong> gansajos <strong>da</strong><br />

∗<br />

,,saukeTeso survilebiT <strong>da</strong> im<strong>is</strong> imediT, rom Cveni piradi megobroba Cvensave<br />

saxelmwifoTa urTierTgagebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>izrdebao”<br />

71

iazrovnos imgvarad, rogorc <strong>is</strong> moiqceo<strong>da</strong> mocemul<br />

situaciaSi. „meor<strong>is</strong>“ adgilze sakuTari Tav<strong>is</strong> warmodgena,<br />

pirovnuli „mes“ upiratesob<strong>is</strong> Sinagani <strong>da</strong>Trgunv<strong>is</strong> brwyinvale<br />

organizatoria. am<strong>is</strong><strong>da</strong> mixedviT, Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i kategorieb<strong>is</strong><br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa arseboba <strong>da</strong>sturdeba. erTni fiqroben, azri ara aqvs<br />

raimes <strong>da</strong>malvas maSin, rodesac xe<strong>da</strong>vs, rom meore mxare aRqm<strong>is</strong><br />

saSur unars flobs. meoreni varaudoben, rom m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>e<strong>da</strong>c<br />

yvelaferi naTelia <strong>da</strong> uxerxulob<strong>is</strong> demonstrireb<strong>is</strong> Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

acileb<strong>is</strong> mizniT, saWirod ar miiCneven realuri axsnaganmarteb<strong>is</strong><br />

micemas. Tumca, r. hesTan mimarTebaSi iyo mesame _<br />

gare Zala. saxelmwifo saidumloeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong> mudmivi wesi<br />

an<strong>da</strong>mativiT izi<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>.<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> brZanebiT, r. hess 1939 wli<strong>da</strong>n samu<strong>da</strong>mod<br />

aekrZala frena, magram akrZalv<strong>is</strong> va<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iyvana erT wlamde,<br />

rodesac Seityo, amiT ,,<strong>is</strong> di<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong>naRvlian<strong>da</strong>“[42,275].<br />

umaRlesi klas<strong>is</strong> mfrinav<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> es katastrof<strong>is</strong> gancd<strong>is</strong><br />

tolfasi iyo. hitlerma umal Seigno, rom saukeTeso megobars<br />

met gul<strong>is</strong>tkivils miayeneb<strong>da</strong>, vidre masze zrunv<strong>is</strong><br />

maqsimalurad gamoxatv<strong>is</strong> saSualeba eZleo<strong>da</strong>. r. hesi, rogorc<br />

mfrinavi, omSi monawileobas ver miiReb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> amiT masSi<br />

mosalodneli saSiSroeb<strong>is</strong> safrTxec paralelurad Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong> acilebuli. saxelmwifo belad<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

moadgil<strong>is</strong>admi aseTi yuradReb<strong>is</strong> gamoCena Cveulebriv<br />

urTierTobaTa dones uTuod aRemateba, magram maT Sor<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong> megobruli tendenciebi imdenad didi <strong>da</strong><br />

xangrZlivi iyo, rom mas veraviTari politikuri zRvari ver<br />

<strong>da</strong>Zlev<strong>da</strong>. maTTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong> barieri, rac politikasa <strong>da</strong> pirad<br />

cxovrebaSi arsebobs, waSlili iyo. Tanacxovreb<strong>is</strong> umetesma<br />

72

wlebma urTierTSeCvev<strong>is</strong> realuri suraTi mogvca.<br />

TviTga<strong>da</strong>rCen<strong>is</strong> instiqti pirovneb<strong>is</strong> buneb<strong>is</strong> ganuyofeli<br />

mxarea, magram sayvareli a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> sikvdil<strong>is</strong> pir<strong>is</strong>pir xilvac<br />

amazrzenia. maSin, Sinaganad imZlavrebs sikvdilTan<br />

gamklaveb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> SebrZoleb<strong>is</strong> instiqti, Tun<strong>da</strong>c es sakuTari<br />

sicocxl<strong>is</strong> fasad <strong>da</strong>gijdes. miunxenSi hitler<strong>is</strong> sityviT<br />

gamosvl<strong>is</strong> win, nacional-social<strong>is</strong>turi <strong>da</strong> komun<strong>is</strong>turi<br />

partieb<strong>is</strong> warmomadgenlebs Sor<strong>is</strong> agresiuli Sexla-Semoxl<strong>is</strong><br />

dros, opozici<strong>is</strong> erT-erTma wevrma lud<strong>is</strong> kaTxa gadmo<strong>is</strong>rola<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> mimarTulebiT. ,,r. hesi, romelic iq fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

momaval mZRolTan, emil mor<strong>is</strong>Tan erTad imyofebo<strong>da</strong>, win<br />

aRudga mas. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgiles m<strong>is</strong>gan kefaSi miyenebuli<br />

Wriloba mTeli sicocxl<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi iarad <strong>da</strong>rCa“[16,15],<br />

rac mogvianebiT m<strong>is</strong>i identurob<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mamtkicebeli sabuTi<br />

Seiqna. hitler<strong>is</strong>admi aseTi erTguleb<strong>is</strong> gamovlena r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

Sinagani samyaros idumali gamoZaxili iyo. <strong>is</strong> miiltvo<strong>da</strong><br />

usasrulob<strong>is</strong>aken, romelic individ<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>eTive Wirveuli<br />

Tanamgzavria, rogoric STagoneba Semoqmed<strong>is</strong>a.<br />

Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi, polkovnik i. biord<strong>is</strong> SekiTxvaze:<br />

,,saSualeba rom SegeqmnaT, kvlav emsaxurebodiT hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

tip<strong>is</strong> kacs“ _ r. hesma upasuxa ,,ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, polkovniko. me<br />

ar meqnebo<strong>da</strong> survili xeli<strong>da</strong>n gameSva SesaZlebloba<br />

moadgiled memsaxura <strong>is</strong>eT kacTan, rogoric hitleri iyo. me<br />

yovelTv<strong>is</strong> viyavi Sewiruli kaci“[2,227] .<br />

sidiade sulier RirebulebaTa SemoqmedebiTi genia. m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

Seqmna cxovreb<strong>is</strong> fas<strong>da</strong>udebeli monapovaria. xanmokle<br />

STagoneb<strong>is</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad <strong>is</strong> mwvervalia, a<strong>da</strong>mianur sxva<br />

RirsebaTa erTobliob<strong>is</strong> nakrebi. aseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi iSviaTad<br />

73

ibadebian, sxveb<strong>is</strong> msgavsad kvdebian, magram maTi sidiade<br />

gacilebiT didia sikvdil<strong>is</strong> Semdeg. nuTu Cven mokv<strong>da</strong>vT ar<br />

Segvwevs unari sicocxleSive m<strong>is</strong>i Sefaseb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> aRiareb<strong>is</strong>,<br />

nuTu SiSi, romelic am SemTxvevaSi sulm<strong>da</strong>blob<strong>is</strong><br />

gamomxatvelia, gvaiZulebs uari vTqvaT simarTl<strong>is</strong> aRzevebaze<br />

<strong>da</strong> CavklaT Cveni Sexedulebebi masze maSin, roca es yvelaze<br />

metad saWiroa. rTulia yvela <strong>da</strong>arwmuno STagoneb<strong>is</strong> wiaRSi<br />

aRzrdil WeSmaritebaze, radgan mas Sen<strong>da</strong>gvari STagoneba ar<br />

gaaCnia. rTulia sxvas <strong>da</strong>anaxo es WeSmariteba, radgan es m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

ar ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> mas Seni sazomiT zomav. ufro advilia gauziaro,<br />

raTa Senve <strong>da</strong>inaxo procesSi Sinagan cdomilebaTa safrTxe,<br />

Tuki aseTi arsebobs. yvelaferi SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong> Tu<br />

SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>saSvebicaa.<br />

sidiade – dideb<strong>is</strong> SaravandediT mosili kacobriob<strong>is</strong> es<br />

ukv<strong>da</strong>vi naSieri, rwmen<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> fas<strong>da</strong>udebeli monapovaria. Tu<br />

gwams mixval <strong>da</strong>rwmunebamde, rom raRac yovelTv<strong>is</strong> mTeli<br />

rCeba, xelSeuxebeli. am SemTxvevaSi Rirs TviTSemoqmedebiTi<br />

samuSao gaswio, Cadge sxveb<strong>is</strong> samsaxurSi im SegrZnebiT, rom<br />

saWiro xar. kargi saqm<strong>is</strong> kvali simSvid<strong>is</strong> momgvrel kvarad<br />

iqceva, xolo simSvide siamay<strong>is</strong> grZnob<strong>is</strong> gare gamovlinebas<br />

axSobs <strong>da</strong> keTilSobilebas gZens. sxveb<strong>is</strong> gesm<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> amasTan<br />

<strong>is</strong>ic gesm<strong>is</strong>, ratom ar SeuZliaT maT Seni gageba. Cndeba<br />

mimteveblob<strong>is</strong> momenti, amiT SegiZlia maTgan momarTul<br />

siamay<strong>is</strong> grZnobas sikeTe <strong>da</strong>upir<strong>is</strong>piro. es iqneba uangaro<br />

sikeTe, romelic mu<strong>da</strong>m madliereb<strong>is</strong> SegrZnebiT mTavrdeba. am<br />

Tv<strong>is</strong>ebebiT aRWurvili a<strong>da</strong>miani iSviaTobas warmoadgens <strong>da</strong><br />

amitom es am cxovreb<strong>is</strong> naklia. am<strong>is</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, mas Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi<br />

gamarTleba aqvs. es umciresobaa, romelic umravlesob<strong>is</strong>gan<br />

74

mkveTrad gamorCeulia <strong>da</strong> amave dros, maTSi gafantuli. <strong>is</strong>ini<br />

mTeli cxovreba SeiZleba eZio, radgan TiToeuli maTgani<br />

simravleSi gabneuli TviTSemoqmedebiTi natexia. im wesebiT<br />

cxovrobs, romelsac sazogadoeba adgens, imave sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong><br />

wesebs gaurb<strong>is</strong> kidec, radgan individualuri TviTmyofadob<strong>is</strong><br />

stiqiur ryevas ganicd<strong>is</strong>. rac <strong>m<strong>is</strong>aRebia</strong>, gansazRvrulicaa.<br />

sazogadoeba – esaa Taobeb<strong>is</strong> mudmivmoqmedi Tanacxovreba, im<strong>is</strong><br />

gaziareba rac mas aqvs <strong>da</strong> im<strong>is</strong> miReba, rasac Sen Semateb.<br />

yvelaferi es Tav<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> regulirdeba. esaa TaobaTa arsebob<strong>is</strong><br />

mudmivi sawy<strong>is</strong>i, mas <strong>da</strong>sasruli ar aqvs. r. hesi im<br />

sazogadoebas miekuTvnebo<strong>da</strong>, romel sazogadoebasac qmni<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong><br />

drosTan erTad. im epoqam gaxa<strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong>, im dro<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, imgvarad<br />

cnobili. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile, <strong>swored</strong>, dro<strong>is</strong> maj<strong>is</strong>cemas ayva,<br />

rogorc Tavad ambob<strong>da</strong>: ,,situaci<strong>is</strong> Secvl<strong>is</strong> mizniT”. mivyveT<br />

faqteb<strong>is</strong> konstatacias, pirovnebaTa TviTgamorkvev<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvelze. r. hesi nac<strong>is</strong>ti gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, tiranuli reJim<strong>is</strong><br />

sul<strong>is</strong>Camdgmeli <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba iTqvas, mamoZravebeli Zala. r.<br />

hesi a<strong>da</strong>miani iyo, radgan <strong>is</strong> aseTad <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>. rogorc yvela<br />

politikos, masac qon<strong>da</strong> Secdomebi <strong>da</strong> amiT STamomavlobas<br />

sakuTari Tav<strong>is</strong> gansj<strong>is</strong> ufleba m<strong>is</strong>ca. vinc Secdomas uSvebs<br />

imTaviTve un<strong>da</strong> icodes, rom TaobaTa msxverplia. sruliad<br />

SesaZlebelia, politikosi sakuTar pativmoyvareobas<br />

ikmayofilebdes, magram patriotizm<strong>is</strong> grZnobas versad gaeqceva.<br />

maTi <strong>ZiriTadi</strong> sazrunavi gavlen<strong>is</strong> mopovebasTan erTad qveyn<strong>is</strong><br />

momavali un<strong>da</strong> iyos. Tu a<strong>da</strong>miani kmayofileb<strong>is</strong> grZnobiT ar<br />

Seivseba, <strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> memkvidres ver ganawyobs lmobieri<br />

qmedebeb<strong>is</strong>aken. amas mivyavarT a<strong>da</strong>mianSi <strong>da</strong>debiTi grZnobeb<strong>is</strong><br />

deficitamde, raRac<strong>is</strong> Sevseb<strong>is</strong> survili <strong>da</strong> gamudmebuli<br />

75

ganuxorcielebloba, mas sxveb<strong>is</strong>admi tkivil<strong>is</strong> advilad<br />

miyenebaSi exmareba. <strong>swored</strong>, a<strong>da</strong>mianTa intereseb<strong>is</strong> erT-erTi<br />

Semadgeneli nawilia saxelmwifo interesebi: sxv<strong>is</strong>i<br />

teritorieb<strong>is</strong> mitaceb<strong>is</strong> survili, sakuTar<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>bruneb<strong>is</strong><br />

interesi. a<strong>da</strong>mianebi iwirebian saxelmwofos<br />

keTildReob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> ewirebian a<strong>da</strong>mianTa nebas, romelic<br />

integrirebulia amave interesebSi.<br />

yvelaze cudi karg<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxinjebaa. yvelaze kargi erTi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> mier, meore a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> WeSmariti aRiareba. r. hess<br />

sasowarkveTilebam ukanaskneli nugeSi ver waarTva. diax, <strong>is</strong><br />

Tavs a<strong>da</strong>mianad grZnob<strong>da</strong> yvelaze SemaSfoTebel garemoebaSic<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Wera SeeZlo yvelaze gauwonasworebel situaciaSi.<br />

<strong>da</strong>ukvirvebeli Tvali martivad ityo<strong>da</strong>: yvelafr<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />

gulgrili rCebo<strong>da</strong>, magram sul<strong>is</strong> siRrmeSi grZnob<strong>da</strong>, awuxeb<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> radgan verafers Secvli<strong>da</strong> mSvi<strong>da</strong>d iyo. masSi didi Zala<br />

iyo, zogjer xiluli, zogjer uxilavi. Zlieri goneba<br />

neb<strong>is</strong>yof<strong>is</strong> Tanamoziare xdeba <strong>da</strong> pirovnebaSi iwyeba<br />

TviTziareb<strong>is</strong> procesi. yvelafers zemo<strong>da</strong>n xe<strong>da</strong>v <strong>da</strong> arafr<strong>is</strong><br />

Secvl<strong>is</strong> survili ar giCndeba, radgan ici yoveli axali<br />

winaaRmdegobebiTaa savse. Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi myofi patimari hesi,<br />

<strong>swored</strong>, Aase iqceo<strong>da</strong>. cix<strong>is</strong> moZRvarma mas sTxova werili<br />

<strong>da</strong>ewera Sewyaleb<strong>is</strong> Taobaze. rudolfma uari uTxra.<br />

mogvianebiT, ojax<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> moZRvr<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Jinebuli TxovniT man<br />

aseTi werili <strong>da</strong>wera ♣ , magram erTi sityvac ar gal<strong>da</strong>T masSi<br />

monaniebaze. amjerad, man Tav<strong>is</strong> yvelaze erTgul Tv<strong>is</strong>ebas ar<br />

uRalata – zomiereba gamoiCina. Tu Tvals ga<strong>da</strong>vavlebT, cixeSi<br />

masTan <strong>da</strong>axloebul pirTa sias, r. hesTan ganSoreba yvelas<br />

♣<br />

man keTil<strong>is</strong>msurvelebi ar gaanawyena, Tumca ico<strong>da</strong> ar gaaTav<strong>is</strong>uflebdnen<br />

76

umZim<strong>da</strong>. moZRvaric ki ufro mets akeTeb<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>, vidre<br />

evalebo<strong>da</strong>. zogjer cix<strong>is</strong> mcvelebic Tvals xuWavdnen imaze,<br />

rac wesiT ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>emalaT. erTi SexedviT <strong>is</strong> nac<strong>is</strong>ti iyo,<br />

Tumca masTan erTi saaT<strong>is</strong> gatarebac sakmar<strong>is</strong>i gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, rom<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianur grZnobebs Tavi Seexsenebia TanamosaubreTaTv<strong>is</strong>.<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile a<strong>da</strong>mianTa sibraluls gaurbo<strong>da</strong>, ar<br />

iTxov<strong>da</strong> ara imitom, rom ar Wirdebo<strong>da</strong>, aramed saTanado<br />

survili ar gaaCn<strong>da</strong>, iqneb imitom gul<strong>is</strong> siRrmeSi grZnob<strong>da</strong> ar<br />

imsaxureb<strong>da</strong>. samagierod, <strong>is</strong> uyvar<strong>da</strong> mcireoden jgufs<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong>as, magram xom uyvar<strong>da</strong>T. ,,Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleba rudolf<br />

hess” – aseTi iyo im lozungeb<strong>is</strong> Sinaarsi, romlebic cixesTan<br />

sagangebod Sekrebil xalxs eWira xelT. erTxel fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

yofili moadgil<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>badeb<strong>is</strong> dReze Span<strong>da</strong>uSi mividnen. hesma<br />

ar <strong>da</strong>ijera, roca uTxres <strong>da</strong>badeb<strong>is</strong> dR<strong>is</strong> mosalocad<br />

Seikribneno. rodesac man Tav<strong>is</strong> yuriT mo<strong>is</strong>mina maTi SeZaxili<br />

saxeze naTeli moefina, ,,marTlac” Cailaparaka Tav<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>. hesi<br />

nasiamovnebi <strong>da</strong>rCa - ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli naTqvamia m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

m<strong>is</strong>amarTiT am SemTxvevaSi. <strong>is</strong> bednieri iyo im wuTebSi im<strong>is</strong><br />

SegrZnebiT, rom viRacas uyvar<strong>da</strong>, m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>badeb<strong>is</strong> dRe axsov<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, moZRvr<strong>is</strong> meuRl<strong>is</strong> mier gagzavnili marwyv<strong>is</strong><br />

torti patimari hes<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> yvavilebi <strong>da</strong>badeb<strong>is</strong> dReze.<br />

roca hesma torti ukanve <strong>da</strong>ubruna, im mizeziT, rom aseTs ar<br />

Wam<strong>da</strong>, saswrafod alubl<strong>is</strong> torti gaugzavna. patimari<br />

mokrZalebul STabeWdilebas toveb<strong>da</strong> axlo myof a<strong>da</strong>mianebze<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>i saubriT, manerebiT, gonebamaxvilobiT, sazrianobiT <strong>da</strong><br />

imiT, rom masSi gaxunebuli araferi iyo. mravali wl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg,<br />

rodesac patimari <strong>da</strong>Tanxmdeba meuRlesTan Sexvedras,<br />

sixarul<strong>is</strong>gan fexze wamomxtari rudolfi <strong>da</strong>cvam SeaCera im<br />

77

mosazrebiT, rom Sexvedra CaiSlebo<strong>da</strong> Tuki Seexebo<strong>da</strong>, radgan<br />

ganrigiT es mkacrad ikrZalebo<strong>da</strong>, rudolfma SesZaxa <strong>is</strong>, rac<br />

qmedebaSi ver ganaxorciela - ,,ilze gikocni xelebs”.<br />

,,buneba Cven gvaiaraRebs saocari ZaliT, rasac <strong>da</strong>viwyeba<br />

qvia” – wer<strong>da</strong> ilze. martoobaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenili hes<strong>is</strong> meuRle am<br />

<strong>da</strong>skvnamde Sinaganma siZlierem <strong>da</strong> STagonebam miiyvana. man<br />

sakuTari Tavi Seswira rudolfs, roml<strong>is</strong> xvedriTi wili m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

cxovreb<strong>is</strong> warmarTvaSi ganuzomelia. r. hess SeeZlo mxolod<br />

erTi weriliT axalgazr<strong>da</strong> qal<strong>is</strong> mTeli grZnobeb<strong>is</strong> faqizad<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>xal<strong>is</strong>eba. Svil<strong>is</strong> aRzr<strong>da</strong>Si cixi<strong>da</strong>n exmarebo<strong>da</strong> ilzes,<br />

sulierad amxneveb<strong>da</strong>, masze zrunav<strong>da</strong>. saocaria, m<strong>is</strong> werilebs<br />

arc iumor<strong>is</strong> grZnoba akl<strong>da</strong>, maSin roca cix<strong>is</strong> ezoSi<br />

gaRimebuli hesi Tanagundel patimarT ar unaxavT. orTave,<br />

ilzec <strong>da</strong> rudolfic, ganicdi<strong>da</strong> erTmaneT<strong>is</strong> xvedrs, cxovreb<strong>is</strong><br />

samZimils <strong>da</strong> orivesTv<strong>is</strong> naTeli iyo – maT akavSireb<strong>da</strong>T ufro<br />

didi, TviT ubedurebazec Zlieri <strong>da</strong> maRali, rasac siyvaruli<br />

qvia. ilze Tavs bednierad mxolod rudolfTan grZnob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

es iyo <strong>mTavari</strong>. man masTan sakuTari Tavi ipova. volfic<br />

unaxavi mam<strong>is</strong> mokrZalebuli siyvaruliT Semosa. 25 weli Svils<br />

mama ar enaxa, magram Zlier uyvar<strong>da</strong>. cnobilia, rom hes<strong>is</strong><br />

gar<strong>da</strong>cvaleb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, volfs stenokardiuli Seteva mouvi<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>krZalv<strong>is</strong> mTeli es procesi, m<strong>is</strong>ma meuRlem, andrea hesma<br />

warmarTa.<br />

ilze cxovreb<strong>is</strong> mZime wlebma ver gatexa, <strong>is</strong> sicocxl<strong>is</strong><br />

bolomde hes<strong>is</strong> erTguli <strong>da</strong>rCa. ,,nurasdros SeswiravT sakuTar<br />

sind<strong>is</strong>s sargeblianob<strong>is</strong> sakurTxevels” – swer<strong>da</strong> patimar<br />

meuRles holderlin<strong>is</strong> am sityvebs <strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong><br />

cxovrebaSi <strong>swored</strong> am mosazreb<strong>is</strong> gaTav<strong>is</strong>ebiT. mas ar SeeZlo<br />

78

im grZnob<strong>is</strong> ganviTareba, rasac sinamdviliT moklul grZnobas<br />

<strong>da</strong>varqmevdiT. <strong>is</strong> mxolod mogonebebiT cxovrob<strong>da</strong>. Sarl<br />

gabeli wers: ,,hesi ar ar<strong>is</strong> mogonebeb<strong>is</strong> kaci, m<strong>is</strong>i warsuli<br />

mxolod mas ekuTvn<strong>is</strong>” – (11,381) anu sxvas ar uziareb<strong>da</strong>o, gar<strong>da</strong><br />

meuRl<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>amarTiT werilebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c erTad gatarebul<br />

sasiamovno epizodebs ixseneb<strong>da</strong>. gavixsenoT, rom mravali wl<strong>is</strong><br />

ganmavlobaSi patimari hesi Tav<strong>is</strong>i ojax<strong>is</strong> wevreb<strong>is</strong> naxv<strong>is</strong><br />

kategoriuli winaaRmdegi iyo. mas ar sur<strong>da</strong> vinmes siyvaruli<br />

enaxa, radgan cixeSi sapasuxo grZnob<strong>is</strong> gamovlen<strong>is</strong> saSualeba<br />

ar eZleo<strong>da</strong>. xolo mozRvavebuli grZnobeb<strong>is</strong> ukuqceva tkivils<br />

<strong>da</strong>toveb<strong>da</strong> masSi, <strong>da</strong>Trgunav<strong>da</strong> am tkivilze fiqri. es ki <strong>is</strong>e<strong>da</strong>c<br />

uxal<strong>is</strong>o cix<strong>is</strong> kedlebSi veraferi Sveb<strong>is</strong>momgvreli saSualeba<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. piriqiT, m<strong>is</strong> mwuxarebas erTiorad gaaRrmaveb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

rudolf hesma Zalian kargad ico<strong>da</strong>, am<strong>is</strong> gamklaveba mas aseT<br />

pirobebSi ar SeeZlo. am SemTxvevaSi, man sakuTari uZlureb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>naxva SeZlo, magram es ar gaxl<strong>da</strong>T m<strong>is</strong>i s<strong>is</strong>uste. msgavs<br />

situaciaSi 2 alternatiuli gza moiZebneba: pirveli, a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

mosalodneli saSiSroeb<strong>is</strong> winaSe SesaZloa <strong>da</strong>pataravdes <strong>da</strong><br />

meore, a<strong>da</strong>miani SesaZloa sakuTar Tavze amaRldes, TiTqos<br />

xelmeored <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>. am situaciaSi, mas TviTgamorkvev<strong>is</strong> meti<br />

unari eZleva <strong>da</strong> SeuZlia paraleli gaavlos warsulsa <strong>da</strong><br />

awymos Sor<strong>is</strong> _ vin iyo <strong>da</strong> vin ar<strong>is</strong>. ra gancdebiT SeZlo<br />

ecxovra <strong>da</strong> rogoria exla. wlebma un<strong>da</strong> gaiaros mravali<br />

gamocdilebiT, rom Seni cxovreb<strong>is</strong> patara epizodi Seqmna <strong>da</strong><br />

aseTi SeiZleba iyos ara erTi. r. hesma cixeSic ki SeZlo<br />

ecxovra. diax, man SeZlo saintereso epizodeb<strong>is</strong> Seqmna. man<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>i araTanabari reaqciiT SeZlo xasiaT<strong>is</strong> mravalsaxeob<strong>is</strong><br />

Seqmna cix<strong>is</strong> kedlebSi. patimari amiT sxveb<strong>is</strong> yuradRebas<br />

79

advilad ipyrob<strong>da</strong>. SeeZlo gulgrilad moqceo<strong>da</strong> masTan<br />

axlos myof <strong>da</strong>cvas, gaeRizianebia <strong>is</strong>ini, mTeli DdRe ar<br />

amdgariyo sawoli<strong>da</strong>n, uari eTqva pirad higienaze <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong><br />

sayvarel gaseirnebazec. r. hes<strong>is</strong> mizanmimarTuli reaqci<strong>is</strong> arsi<br />

STambeW<strong>da</strong>vi gamoxatuleb<strong>is</strong> mimaniSnebelia. <strong>is</strong> gaxl<strong>da</strong>T<br />

pirovneba <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo moxele. Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad, ver<br />

uzrunvelyof<strong>da</strong> erTgvarovan <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas<br />

1986 wl<strong>is</strong> Sob<strong>is</strong> wina dReebSi televiziiT gamosula<br />

cnobili ebraeli moRvawe golo mani. mas ganucxadebia: ,,hes<strong>is</strong><br />

sasjeli ar<strong>is</strong> erTdroulad boroti <strong>da</strong> groteskuli.<br />

niurnberg<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT, m<strong>is</strong>i sasjeli ufro msubuqi<br />

Can<strong>da</strong>, vidre gering<strong>is</strong>, magram sinamdvileSi saqme piriqiTaa...<br />

hesi babuaCems, cnobil maTematikos, ebrael alfred<br />

pringshaims, uSualod <strong>da</strong>exmara <strong>da</strong>etovebia germania, 1939 wl<strong>is</strong><br />

seqtemberSi. hesi ar gaxl<strong>da</strong>T militar<strong>is</strong>ti, <strong>is</strong> mtrulad iyo<br />

om<strong>is</strong>admi ganwyobili... <strong>is</strong> buneb<strong>is</strong> moyvaruli kaci iyo, ase<br />

vTqvaT asakovani bioskauti, hesi sufTa wyl<strong>is</strong> romantikosi<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T”[1,328].<br />

albert krebsi, romelic mogvianebiT hamburg<strong>is</strong><br />

gaulaiteri gax<strong>da</strong>, wer<strong>da</strong>: hesi srulebiT ar gav<strong>da</strong> primitiul<br />

ucnaurobas, an kidev SezRudul fanatikos. <strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>xvewilobiT<br />

<strong>da</strong> mgrZnobiarobiT iyo gamorCeuli. m<strong>is</strong>i Sexedulebebi uzado<br />

<strong>da</strong> kanonier xazebs Seesatyv<strong>is</strong>ebodnen, magram imavdroulad es<br />

iyo hesi, vinac qvecnobierad Seqmna ucodveli fiurer<strong>is</strong> saxe.<br />

rodesac hesi saubrobs ,,ucodveli fiurer<strong>is</strong>” Taobaze,<br />

milionobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani zustad aRiqvams mas <strong>is</strong>e, rogorc hesi,<br />

rameTu hesi ar<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i esoden didi amRiarebeli. krebs<strong>is</strong><br />

TqmiT, hesi iyo erTaderTi a<strong>da</strong>miani xelqveiTagan, romelsac<br />

80

fiurer<strong>is</strong> principebi arasodes <strong>da</strong>uyenebia eWvqveS, sakuTari<br />

politikuri ambicieb<strong>is</strong> intereseb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>.<br />

amrigad, hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong> xangrZlivma piradma<br />

urTierTobam, garkveulwilad, gavlena iqonia, maTi<br />

politikuri Sexedulebeb<strong>is</strong> jer Camoyalibebasa <strong>da</strong> Semdeg<br />

cxovrebaSi maT gatarebaze. r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrena<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> codn<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> nebarTv<strong>is</strong> gareSe ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra.<br />

saxelmwifo m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> am formiT ganxorcielebas Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

diplomatiuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTva qon<strong>da</strong>. fiurer<strong>is</strong> politikuri neb<strong>is</strong><br />

asruleba m<strong>is</strong>i moadgil<strong>is</strong> cxovreb<strong>is</strong> miznad ga<strong>da</strong>iqca, ramac<br />

Zireulad Secvala am ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> moraluri yofa-cxovreba,<br />

magram ara fsiqologia. r. hesi sicocxl<strong>is</strong> bolomde hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

erTguli <strong>da</strong>rCa. es iyo nebayoflobiTi <strong>da</strong> ara Zal<strong>da</strong>tanebiTi<br />

politikuri nabiji, rasac gverdiTi mimarTulebac gaaCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile, rogorc avRniSneT erTgz<strong>is</strong>, Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

individualurob<strong>is</strong> erTgvari <strong>da</strong>mkvidreb<strong>is</strong> pretenziasac<br />

acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rodesac om<strong>is</strong> Sewyvet<strong>is</strong> motivi <strong>da</strong>asaxela did<br />

britaneTSi Cafren<strong>is</strong> mizezad. m<strong>is</strong>ive TqmiT, <strong>is</strong> ganicdi<strong>da</strong><br />

uazro msxverpls im u<strong>da</strong>naSaulo a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong>as, romlebic<br />

usamarTlo oms ewirebodnen. Tu gaviTval<strong>is</strong>winebT imas, rom<br />

omi fiurer<strong>is</strong> politika iyo, Tun<strong>da</strong>c am sityvebiT hesi fiurers<br />

sajarod ewinaaRmdegebo<strong>da</strong>. ebraelTa ganadgureb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxSi ki<br />

msgavsi iniciativa aSkarad ver gamoavlina, radgan amiT<br />

upir<strong>is</strong>pirdebo<strong>da</strong> mas, vinc yvelaze metad uyvar<strong>da</strong>. Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv,<br />

es gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>eul SegrZnebaTa erTdroul gar<strong>da</strong>saxvas <strong>da</strong><br />

Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad, pirovneb<strong>is</strong> ngrev<strong>is</strong> ulmobel transformacias.<br />

81

Tavi II<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> mizezeb<strong>is</strong> tipologiuri niSneb<strong>is</strong> detaluri<br />

analizi<br />

r. hesi sqolastikuri azrovneb<strong>is</strong>admi midrekileb<strong>is</strong> mqone<br />

pirovneba, m<strong>is</strong>tiuri samyaros wiaRSi gamoZerwili <strong>da</strong><br />

halucinaciebiT SeboWili kaci, Tav<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanel-profesor,<br />

geopolitikos, k. haushoferTan erTad, erTgvar ,,simfoniur<br />

Sedevrs“ qmni<strong>da</strong> mTel nac<strong>is</strong>tur germaniaSi. ciuri<br />

xilvadob<strong>is</strong> fonze TviT<strong>da</strong>jerebuli iersax<strong>is</strong> matarebelma<br />

<strong>da</strong>mTrgunavi STabeWdileba moaxdina Tav<strong>is</strong> as<strong>is</strong>tentze. man<br />

uwinaswarmetyvela r. hess, ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> mcdelob<strong>is</strong><br />

warmatebiT <strong>da</strong>gvirgvineba, rac ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> samefo sasaxl<strong>is</strong><br />

gobelinebze, fexiT mosiarule rudolf<strong>is</strong>, sizmrad nanax<strong>is</strong><br />

monaTxrobiT gaaZliera. gonivrulad <strong>da</strong>gmanul <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xSul<br />

kars miRma Tu buneb<strong>is</strong> wiaRSi, alpeb<strong>is</strong> mTebs ga<strong>da</strong>Rma, am<br />

Temaze saaTobiT saubarma r. hes<strong>is</strong> gonebaSi irealuri<br />

suraT<strong>is</strong> warmosaxva SeZlo. m<strong>is</strong> fantaziaSi nel-nela aikriba<br />

azrTa ukuproporciuli anu uaryofiTi mxareebi <strong>da</strong><br />

Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT Canacvlebulma impulsurma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebam<br />

imZlavra. <strong>swored</strong>, <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong> Camosuli r. hesi SesTavazebs<br />

hitlers ingl<strong>is</strong>Si personalurad gafren<strong>is</strong> ideas, rac am<br />

ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> gancvifrebas gamoiwvevs. SemTxveviTi ar ar<strong>is</strong>,<br />

rom r. hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> Cavardn<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, k. haushofer<strong>is</strong> ojaxs<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> r<strong>is</strong>xva ar acdeba, m<strong>is</strong>i moadgil<strong>is</strong> pirovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

ideologiurad momzadebaSi, aseTi didi wvlil<strong>is</strong> gamo.<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> ide<strong>is</strong> rigobrivi maCvenebleb<strong>is</strong><br />

82

mixedviT, saWiro Seiqna am qveyn<strong>is</strong> ar<strong>is</strong>tokratiasTan kavSir<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>myareba. am SorsmWvreteluri mizn<strong>is</strong> sul<strong>is</strong> STamberav<strong>is</strong><br />

rolSi, usaTuod, hercogi hamiltoni gamodgebo<strong>da</strong>, romelic<br />

1936 wels berlin<strong>is</strong> olimpiur TamaSebze monawileb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg r. hes<strong>is</strong> ojaxSi vaxSmad imyofebo<strong>da</strong>. ,,hesma olimpiur<br />

TamaSebze yofn<strong>is</strong>as erTxel migviwvia berlinSi, lanCze<br />

honori <strong>da</strong> me _ ixsenebs Cipsi Cenoni Tav<strong>is</strong> memuarebSi. Cven<br />

uari vuTxariT, magram me maxsovs, rom ,,duglo’’<br />

klaidsdeili, rogorc maSin hercogs eZaxdnen, wavi<strong>da</strong>, <strong>is</strong>eve<br />

rogorc pat jersic. msofliom ar ic<strong>is</strong>, rom hercogic<br />

amgvarad gaxveulia am saqmeSi“[8,304]. hercogi hamiltoni _<br />

msoflios Cempioni, everest<strong>is</strong> mTebze ga<strong>da</strong>mfreni <strong>da</strong> rac<br />

<strong>mTavari</strong>a, samefo kar<strong>is</strong> ceremonma<strong>is</strong>teri _ ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> mefesTan<br />

SeRwev<strong>is</strong> saukeTeso garanti. amasTan, k. haushofer<strong>is</strong> Svil<strong>is</strong><br />

albrext haushofer<strong>is</strong> keTilmosurne megobari <strong>da</strong> masTan<br />

friad <strong>da</strong>axloebuli piri yofila. al. haushoferi, Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

mxriv, r. hes<strong>is</strong> mrCeveli iyo ingl<strong>is</strong>urenovani qveyneb<strong>is</strong><br />

saqmeebSi. Tu Tvals ga<strong>da</strong>vavlebT a. haushofer<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> korespodencias, iq calkeuli Strixeb<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvelze, azr<strong>is</strong> vertikaluri anu sworxazovani<br />

Camoyalibeb<strong>is</strong> ucnaur sifermkTales vawydebiT. a. haushoferi<br />

hercogs bolo werilSi romelime neitraluri qveyn<strong>is</strong><br />

qalaqSi Sexvedras Txovs, om<strong>is</strong> win ingl<strong>is</strong>-germanias Sor<strong>is</strong><br />

urTierTgageb<strong>is</strong> molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> Taobaze. hamiltoni<br />

,,potenciurad mZlavri umciresob<strong>is</strong>“ TaosnobiT<br />

Camoyalibebuli, e.w. ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> parti<strong>is</strong>“ wevrad moiazrebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

romelic u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> politik<strong>is</strong> opoziciuri <strong>da</strong>jgufeb<strong>is</strong><br />

identifikaci<strong>is</strong> saSualebas iZleva. msgavsi opoziciuri<br />

83

jgufeb<strong>is</strong> arsebob<strong>is</strong> kera, jer kidev, meoce saukun<strong>is</strong><br />

oc<strong>da</strong>aTian wlebSi germania <strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>i iyvnen. e. w.<br />

,,klaivden<strong>is</strong> ∗ jgufi’’ anu miunxenuri politik<strong>is</strong> gamtareblebi<br />

germaniaSi <strong>da</strong> ,,fokusi’’, germani<strong>is</strong>admi <strong>da</strong>myvavebluri<br />

politik<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Seurigebeli oponentebi<br />

iyvnen, u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> uSualo monawileobiT, romelic<br />

,,konspiraci<strong>is</strong> mizniT, amave <strong>da</strong>jgufebaSi ,,oskar<strong>is</strong>’’<br />

fsevdonimiT moixsenieba’’[1,361].<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan zav<strong>is</strong> saWiroeba ganpirobebuli iyo, hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

metad sar<strong>is</strong>kod gaTvlili, politikuri Canafiqr<strong>is</strong><br />

maqinaciuri formulirebiT 1:1-ze. im<strong>is</strong> Tqma gvsurs, rom<br />

sabWoTa kavSirze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxm<strong>is</strong> win, mas didi britaneT<strong>is</strong><br />

mokavSireob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> Tu ar, neitralitet<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> mainc un<strong>da</strong><br />

mieRwia. am qveyn<strong>is</strong> maSindelma premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma kargad<br />

ico<strong>da</strong> fiurer<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>udgromeli buneb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

msoflios germanizaci<strong>is</strong> uCveulo idea, roml<strong>is</strong> batonpatronic<br />

Tavad iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. amitom, bolSevizm<strong>is</strong> moZule<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri or ukiduresobas Sor<strong>is</strong> imyofebo<strong>da</strong>:<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>turi germania an bolSevikuri ruseTi, romelic<br />

msoflios bolSevizacias lamob<strong>da</strong>. arsebob<strong>da</strong> mesame gza,<br />

romelic u. CerCilma sabolood airCia. msoflios es ori<br />

,,Camylapavi Zala’’ erTmaneTs un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>pir<strong>is</strong>pirebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

brZoliT <strong>da</strong>susteb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, <strong>da</strong>narCeni saxelmwifoebi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>mwyvet fazaze Tav<strong>is</strong> sityvas usaTuod ityodnen. am mizans<br />

emsaxurebo<strong>da</strong> meore front<strong>is</strong> gauxsneloba. hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

∗<br />

klaivdeni _ ewo<strong>da</strong> lordeb<strong>is</strong> astoreb<strong>is</strong> e.w. ,,qanTri hauz<strong>is</strong>“ saxel<strong>is</strong> mixedviT,<br />

romelic londoni<strong>da</strong>n 50-60 km-ze mdebareobs, md. temzas sanapiroze. jon CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

mamul<strong>is</strong> marlboros msgavsad, <strong>is</strong>ic hercogi veligton<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> augiaT britanel xalxs,<br />

niSnad napoleonze vaterloosTan gamarjveb<strong>is</strong>a. veligton<strong>is</strong> STamomavalT igi<br />

gausxv<strong>is</strong>ebiaT <strong>da</strong> bolos, meoce saukun<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mdegs SeuZeniaT aSS-<strong>da</strong>n ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

gadmosaxlebul astorebs.<br />

84

politikuri speqtri ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong>admi ,,cecxlTan TamaS<strong>is</strong>’’<br />

politikiT Semo<strong>is</strong>azRvrebo<strong>da</strong>. man kargad ico<strong>da</strong> didi<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> kunZulebrivi strategiuli mdebareob<strong>is</strong><br />

mniSvneloba <strong>da</strong> rogorc sazRvao qveyn<strong>is</strong> upiratesoba.<br />

erTaderTi gza aviaci<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT haeri<strong>da</strong>n m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>bombva<br />

iyo, rac axlad Seqmnil avia-gamanadgurebel ,,meserSmit<strong>is</strong>“<br />

mopikireT brwyinvaled gamosdio<strong>da</strong>T. maTi gamomgonebeli iyo<br />

cnobili aviakonstruqtori, vili meserSmiti. m<strong>is</strong><br />

sapativcemulod am axali model<strong>is</strong> TviTmfrinavebsa <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mamzadebel qarxanasac, romelic q. augsburgSi<br />

mdebareob<strong>da</strong>, ,,meserSmiti“ uwodes. es qalaqi 1941 wl<strong>is</strong> ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

dReebSi movlenaTa epicentrSi moeqca. r. hesi, <strong>swored</strong>, q.<br />

augsburgi<strong>da</strong>n ganaxorcielebs Tav<strong>is</strong> sabed<strong>is</strong>wero gafrenas.<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> kunZuleb<strong>is</strong> haeri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>bombv<strong>is</strong> gegma cnobilia<br />

e.w. ,,adler<strong>is</strong>’’ saxelwodebiT. m<strong>is</strong>i realizeb<strong>is</strong> dReebSi, did<br />

britaneTSi sikvdil<strong>is</strong> koeficienti arnaxuli maCveneblebiT<br />

izrdebo<strong>da</strong>. haeri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>bombv<strong>is</strong> paralelurad brZola<br />

xmeleTi<strong>da</strong>n javSanteqnik<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebiT warmoeb<strong>da</strong>, roml<strong>is</strong><br />

naTel <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebas diunkerk<strong>is</strong> cnobili brZola<br />

warmoadgens, romelmac nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> aSkara<br />

upiratesoba warmoaCina. ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> parlamenti sasowarkveTili<br />

mdgomareobi<strong>da</strong>n aSkara reaqciul <strong>da</strong> agresiul qmedebebze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong>. ukve sayovelTaod ga<strong>is</strong>mo<strong>da</strong> moTxovnebi premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

nevil Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>dgom<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, romelic<br />

ukanaskneli ZalebiT CasWidebo<strong>da</strong> mmarTvelob<strong>is</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>veebs.<br />

parlamentSi msgavsi reaqcia manamdec dominireb<strong>da</strong>, magram man<br />

1940 wl<strong>is</strong> ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> pirvel ricxvebSi yovelgvar molodins<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>aWarba. n. Cemberleni iZulebuli gax<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mdgariyo.<br />

85

premier-min<strong>is</strong>trob<strong>is</strong> kandi<strong>da</strong>tebad moiazrebodnen im xanad<br />

sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tri lordi halifaqsi <strong>da</strong> sazRvao<br />

min<strong>is</strong>tri, parlament<strong>is</strong> wevri konservatoriuli partii<strong>da</strong>n, u.<br />

CerCili. am ukanasknelma ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr n.<br />

CemberlenTan audienci<strong>is</strong> dros upiratesoba winaswar<br />

gaTvlili diplomatiuri fand<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT moipova. lordi<br />

halifaqsi yofili premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong><br />

politik<strong>is</strong> gamtarebeli anu promiunxenuri orientaci<strong>is</strong> mqone<br />

pirovnebad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>swored</strong>, am mizeziT u. CerCilma <strong>is</strong><br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n moiSora <strong>da</strong> aSS-Si gagzavna elCad iq gar<strong>da</strong>cvlili<br />

lordi loTian<strong>is</strong> nacvlad, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc meore<br />

progermaneli samuel hori imave statusiT espaneTSi<br />

,,miavlina’’. premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma u. CerCilma politikuri<br />

didsulovneba gamoavlina n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> mimarT <strong>da</strong> samxedro<br />

kabinet<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi rigiT wevrad <strong>da</strong>tova. amrigad,<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> mZime dReebSi, saxeldobr, 1940 wl<strong>is</strong> 10 ma<strong>is</strong>s<br />

u. CerCili premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri gax<strong>da</strong>. aqve <strong>da</strong>vZenT, rom m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

gapremiereb<strong>is</strong> uaxloes periodSi kidev erTi Tanamdebobrivi<br />

cvlileba ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>. sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>trad entoni<br />

ideni <strong>da</strong>iniSna, romelmac 1938 w. n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> politikiT<br />

ganawyenebulma forin of<strong>is</strong>i ∗ nebayoflobiT <strong>da</strong>tova. u.<br />

CerCil<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>trob<strong>is</strong> erTi wl<strong>is</strong> Tavze ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

parlamentSi ga<strong>is</strong>ma saprotesto xmebi. Tumca, u CerCili<br />

yovelive amas sruli indiferetizmiT xvdebo<strong>da</strong>. ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

de<strong>da</strong>qalaqi cecxl<strong>is</strong> alSi gaxveuliyo. ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> warmateb<strong>is</strong><br />

gansazRvra germaniasTan brZolaSi arav<strong>is</strong> SeeZlo, TviT u.<br />

CerCil<strong>is</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>. premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri lodin<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> moTmineb<strong>is</strong><br />

∗<br />

forin of<strong>is</strong>i - ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> sagareo saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>tro<br />

86

taqtikas amjobineb<strong>da</strong>. man sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo informacieb<strong>is</strong><br />

saSualebiT ico<strong>da</strong>, rom ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong>admi gankuTvnili germani<strong>is</strong><br />

sarezervo saSualebebi iwurebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> hitleri pirs<br />

aRmosavleTiT, sabWoTa kavSir<strong>is</strong>ken ibruneb<strong>da</strong>. rogorc<br />

cnobilia, hitler<strong>is</strong> evropaSi gabatoneb<strong>is</strong> mcdelob<strong>is</strong> morigi<br />

avantiura ruseTze iyo gaTvlili, radgan safrangeTTan<br />

mimarTebaSi man Tav<strong>is</strong>i m<strong>is</strong>wrafeba Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT adre<br />

<strong>da</strong>ikmayofila. safrangeT<strong>is</strong> okupaci<strong>is</strong> Semdeg hitleri Semdegi<br />

<strong>is</strong>toriuli dilem<strong>is</strong> winaSe <strong>da</strong>dga: ingl<strong>is</strong>i Tu ruseTi man<br />

arCevani ruseTze SeaCera, ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan ki droebiT<br />

,,keTilsasurveli neitralitet<strong>is</strong>” <strong>da</strong>myarebas Seeca<strong>da</strong>, rac<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> mier zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> oficialur SeTavazebaSi<br />

gamoixata. eWvi arav<strong>is</strong> eparebo<strong>da</strong>, rom es iqnebo<strong>da</strong> droebiTi<br />

SeTanxmeba, radgan hitler<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deba araferi iyo,<br />

Tu ara faratina furceli, kalami <strong>da</strong> melani. rogorc ioseb<br />

stalinma marTebulad SeniSna ioaxim fon ribentropTan<br />

saubr<strong>is</strong>as, germania-sabWoTa kavSir<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>usxmelob<strong>is</strong> paqtze<br />

(1939 w. 23 agv<strong>is</strong>to) xelmower<strong>is</strong> Semdeg: melanic ki ar iqneba<br />

SemSrali, roca germania oms <strong>da</strong>iwyebs-o. hitlers ruseT<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>pyroba avRaneTSi gaWr<strong>is</strong> saSualebas m<strong>is</strong>cem<strong>da</strong>, Semdeg ki<br />

mas britaneT<strong>is</strong> imperi<strong>is</strong> umdidresi koloni<strong>is</strong> indoeT<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>pyrob<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebloba eZleo<strong>da</strong>, rac ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> cal fexze<br />

wamoCoqeb<strong>is</strong> garanti iyo. magram ruseTi _ esaa uzarmazari<br />

sivrce ukidegano tramalebiT, sa<strong>da</strong>c erT dros napoleon<strong>is</strong><br />

uZlevelob<strong>is</strong> fenomeni <strong>da</strong>imsxvra <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c, sabolood,<br />

,,nac<strong>is</strong>turi mz<strong>is</strong> Casveneba” mox<strong>da</strong>. ,,genialuri<strong>da</strong>n sasacilomde<br />

mxolod erTi nabijia” _ ukan mobruneb<strong>is</strong>as naTqvami<br />

napoleon<strong>is</strong> es sityvebi hitler<strong>is</strong> ruseTze marcxiT<br />

87

<strong>da</strong>srulebul eqspansiasac kargad moergebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

hitlers, rain<strong>is</strong>pira qveynebSi mopovebulma rigma<br />

gamarjvebebma, uZlevelob<strong>is</strong> usazRvro rwmena STaunerga <strong>da</strong><br />

aRafrTovana. magram Seuracxyofili <strong>da</strong>rCa, rodesac u.<br />

CerCilma m<strong>is</strong> mier SeTavazebul zavs 1940 w. 19 ivn<strong>is</strong>s<br />

parlamentSi, ori dRiT adre, vidre safrangeT<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />

,,melanqoliur ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas” miiRebdnen, amgvarad upasuxa:<br />

,,SesaZlebelia Cven mowyaleba gamoviCinoT, magram Txovna<br />

mowyaleb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb Cven ar gveqneba”-o. pasuxad, hitleri 19<br />

ivl<strong>is</strong>s oper-kriol<strong>is</strong> sastumros SenobaSi raixstag<strong>is</strong><br />

sxdomas iwvevs, sa<strong>da</strong>c kategoriuli formiT <strong>da</strong>sZens: ,,brZola<br />

ori<strong>da</strong>n mxolod erT<strong>is</strong> ganadgurebiT <strong>da</strong>sruldeba, batoni<br />

CerCili albaT fiqrobs, rom es iqneba germania. me vici, rom<br />

es iqneba ingl<strong>is</strong>i”[45,222]. es hitler<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n pesimizm<strong>is</strong><br />

pirveli dokumentaluri mowmoba gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, romelic<br />

gamowveuli iyo perspeqtiv<strong>is</strong> uqonlobiT ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan zav<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>debaze. aseTi radikaluroba, garkveulwilad, r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

mgrZnobelobiT bunebaze a<strong>is</strong>axa. fiurer<strong>is</strong> mizanmimarTuli<br />

politik<strong>is</strong> warumateblob<strong>is</strong> SiSma m<strong>is</strong>i moadgil<strong>is</strong> pirad<br />

m<strong>is</strong>wrafebaze katalizator<strong>is</strong> roli Seasrula. ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

personalurad gafren<strong>is</strong> idea, politikuri movleneb<strong>is</strong> aseTi<br />

mkveTri cirkulireb<strong>is</strong> fonze, Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT gamokveTil<br />

saxes iReb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> miRebamde<br />

erTgvar metamorfozulobas iZen<strong>da</strong>. r. hes<strong>is</strong> faruli<br />

kontaqtebi didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> gamoCenil a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan, m<strong>is</strong><br />

eqstravagantur m<strong>is</strong>ias warmateb<strong>is</strong> meti <strong>da</strong>majereblobiT<br />

niRbav<strong>da</strong>. Tavbru<strong>da</strong>mxvevi warmateb<strong>is</strong> molodinSi, man momavali<br />

mxolod <strong>da</strong>debiTi emocieb<strong>is</strong> fonze Seafasa <strong>da</strong> sakuTar<br />

88

gul<strong>is</strong>Tqmas ayolili gaTviTcnobiereb<strong>is</strong> Zlierma talRam<br />

moicva. mesame raixi Tav<strong>is</strong>i Zliereb<strong>is</strong> zenitSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong>. r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenam ki Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi rekordi moxsna m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

Zliereb<strong>is</strong> ampluas. Tumc <strong>da</strong>bejiTebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom<br />

mas hitler<strong>is</strong>gan <strong>da</strong>ukiTxavad araferi moumoqmedebia.<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgiles mxolod <strong>da</strong>karguli prestiJ<strong>is</strong><br />

reabilitaci<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar miuSurebia didi britaneT<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>.<br />

paradoqsia, magram faqtia: 1939 w. fiurer<strong>is</strong> anderZma<br />

cvlileba ganica<strong>da</strong>, ufro sworad subieqtTa ga<strong>da</strong>nacvleba<br />

mox<strong>da</strong>. anderZ<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvel variantSi <strong>da</strong>saxelebul<br />

memkvidred, r. hes<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, raixsmarSali herman geringi iyo<br />

moxseniebuli, romelic mocemul meore variantSi fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgiles Caenacvla. am ukansknelma ki teqstSi gering<strong>is</strong><br />

adgili <strong>da</strong>ikava. es faqti gansakuTrebul yuradRebas<br />

imsaxurebs Tun<strong>da</strong>c imitom, rom masze agebulia r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

germanii<strong>da</strong>n gaqcev<strong>is</strong> erT-erTi versia. <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

mexotbe herman rauSningi <strong>da</strong> oto Straseri gaiqca<br />

fiureri<strong>da</strong>n Sors, romlebsac gestapos grZeli xeli vera <strong>da</strong><br />

ver m<strong>is</strong>wv<strong>da</strong>. r. hes<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi, saqme sxvagvari<br />

gamoxatuleb<strong>is</strong> matarebelia. mesame raix<strong>is</strong> kancelariaSi<br />

arsebobdnen <strong>is</strong>eTi imanenturi princip<strong>is</strong> mqone a<strong>da</strong>mianebi,<br />

romlebic ierarqiul safexurze svl<strong>is</strong> Jins imgvarad<br />

<strong>da</strong>ebrmavebinaT, rom hitlerTan <strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong> yovelgvari<br />

manevrireb<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebas ar eridebodnen. r. hes<strong>is</strong> moadgile,<br />

martin bormani, aseTi tip<strong>is</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianTa kategorias<br />

ganekuTvnebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>swored</strong>, man <strong>da</strong>ikava partiul kancelariaSi<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> adgili, m<strong>is</strong>i ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> Semdeg.<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrena <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> Seuqcevadi procesia.<br />

89

gafren<strong>is</strong> faqteb<strong>is</strong> mTeli siuxviT warmodgena uTuod did<br />

WeSmaritebas gvaziarebs. WeSmariteb<strong>is</strong> SegrZneba kvlev<strong>is</strong><br />

Teoriul fonze, araerTgvarovani gaazreb<strong>is</strong> safuZvels<br />

iZleva. ras vuwodebdiT r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> saidumlo<br />

mxares, Tu ara saxelmwifo doneze momzadebul m<strong>is</strong>ias,<br />

roml<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba iyo ara om<strong>is</strong> Sewyveta evropaSi, aramed,<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i xelaxali gaCaReb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> zurg<strong>is</strong> gamagreba ,,axali<br />

mokavSir<strong>is</strong>’’ saxiT, Tun<strong>da</strong>c am mokavSires neitralitet<strong>is</strong><br />

uzrunvelyofa SesZlebo<strong>da</strong>. r. hes<strong>is</strong> mier ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Catanili<br />

Tu patimrob<strong>is</strong> periodSi sagangebod Sedgenili<br />

molaparakebaTa punqtebi am politikur manevrs <strong>is</strong>axav<strong>da</strong><br />

miznad. es ar un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo aSkara, oficialuri<br />

molaparakeba msoflio sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> Tval<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sanaxavad,<br />

aramed sruliad saidumlod, sabWoTa kavSir<strong>is</strong>agan aSkarad<br />

farulad. taqti gamarTlebulia. TiTqos megobruli,<br />

inkognitod Casuli fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile, uiaraRo, aranair<br />

saSiSroebas britaneli xalx<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. magram<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>-germanias Sor<strong>is</strong> gacxarebuli om<strong>is</strong> dros, nac<strong>is</strong>tTa<br />

sabrZolo TviTmfrinav<strong>is</strong> mier mowinaaRmdege qveyn<strong>is</strong> sazRvr<strong>is</strong><br />

Seutyobineblad ga<strong>da</strong>kveTam <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong> teritoriaze aRmoCenam,<br />

tradicieb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mcveli saxelmwifos, didi britaneT<strong>is</strong><br />

konservator premier-min<strong>is</strong>trs, Tav<strong>is</strong>i qveyn<strong>is</strong> upativcemuloba<br />

agrZnobina. u. CerCilma amiT msoflios <strong>da</strong>anaxa, rom<br />

neb<strong>is</strong>mieri msgavs situaciaSi, r. hes<strong>is</strong> beds gaiziareb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma ingl<strong>is</strong>Si sagangebod Casuli fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgile ,,sapatio tyveobaSi” <strong>da</strong>tova, niurnberg<strong>is</strong> samxedro<br />

sasamarTlo procesamde. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, <strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sajes ukanono<br />

qmedeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, rac didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> sazRvr<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>kveT<strong>is</strong><br />

90

motiviT iyo inspirirebuli. Tumca, r. hes<strong>is</strong> gonebam sruliad<br />

SesaZleblad <strong>da</strong>uSva m<strong>is</strong>i samxedro tyved ayvan<strong>is</strong> faqti. aqve,<br />

uneburad gvaxsendeba safrangeT<strong>is</strong> imperator<strong>is</strong> napoleon<br />

bonapart<strong>is</strong> sityvebi, marengosTan brZol<strong>is</strong> win: ,,Tu gin<strong>da</strong><br />

mterze sruli gamarjveba moipovo, imoqmede <strong>is</strong>e, rogorc <strong>is</strong><br />

moiqceo<strong>da</strong> msgavs situaciaSi-’’o. rogorc cnobilia, fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgilem hitlers werilobiTi idea SesTavaza m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong><br />

Cavardn<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi, m<strong>is</strong>i aranormalurad gamocxadeb<strong>is</strong><br />

gamo. es sruliad adeqvaturi reaqcia iyo, riTac am gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

motivireba SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> imgvarad, rom msoflios masmedi<strong>is</strong><br />

TvalSi ar gaSuqebuliyo ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> sakmaod<br />

seriozuli mxare, - ,,barbarosas’’ gegmiT gaTval<strong>is</strong>winebuli<br />

sabWoTa kavSirze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxm<strong>is</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>uvali realoba.<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> uSualo<br />

gankarguleb<strong>is</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad, r. hesi ,,sapatio tyved”<br />

gamocxad<strong>da</strong>. magram m<strong>is</strong>i mSvidobiani, Tumca araoficialuri<br />

despan<strong>is</strong> pretenzia uiaraRod mosvl<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, meomari<br />

qveyn<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> angariSgasawevi ar gamodga. m<strong>is</strong>i ,,samxedro<br />

tyv<strong>is</strong>” ampluaSi yofna usaTuod didi monapovari iyo, om<strong>is</strong><br />

dros, brZol<strong>is</strong> warmatebuli propagand<strong>is</strong> mizniT.<br />

civilizebul saxelmwifoSi politikuri ambicieb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>Trgunva TiTqm<strong>is</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>uvalia mozRvavebuli emocieb<strong>is</strong><br />

fonze. oponentTa mkacri reagireb<strong>is</strong> masStaburi zr<strong>da</strong><br />

qveyanaSi aRmocenebuli kriz<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> tolfasovania. kritikuli<br />

zRvar<strong>is</strong> arseboba Tu ukiduresob<strong>is</strong> warmoSoba protest<strong>is</strong><br />

erT tandemSi a<strong>is</strong>axeba. saxelmwif<strong>is</strong> lider<strong>is</strong> politikiT<br />

gamowveuli uaryofiTi reaqcia, upirveles yovl<strong>is</strong>a, TviT m<strong>is</strong><br />

politikur karierazea <strong>da</strong>miznuli. amdenad, u. CerCil<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

91

hitler<strong>is</strong> SeuTavsebadi anu antagon<strong>is</strong>turi politikuri<br />

kurs<strong>is</strong> sajaro demonstrireba, fiurer<strong>is</strong> gegmaSi naklebad<br />

Sedio<strong>da</strong>, magram CerCils Tav<strong>is</strong>eburad akmayofileb<strong>da</strong>. mas,<br />

gansxvavebiT m<strong>is</strong>i winamorbed<strong>is</strong>agan, mkveTrad Camoyalibebuli<br />

antinac<strong>is</strong>turi Sexedulebebi gaaCn<strong>da</strong>. n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> kariera<br />

m<strong>is</strong>ma ususurma profaS<strong>is</strong>turma msoflmxedvelobam Seiwira.<br />

,,miunxen<strong>is</strong> garigebam” morigi samarcxvino furceli Cawera<br />

didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>toriaSi. politikos<strong>is</strong>a Tu saxelmwifo<br />

moRvaw<strong>is</strong> gansja, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, m<strong>is</strong>i politikuri mrwams<strong>is</strong><br />

mixedviT xdeba. individ<strong>is</strong> SexedulebaTa aliansi, dro<strong>da</strong>dro,<br />

proceseb<strong>is</strong> vizualurad warmosaxv<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> saTanadod<br />

warmarTv<strong>is</strong> garkveul unar-Cvevebs iZens.<br />

saxelmwifos problemeb<strong>is</strong> mogvareb<strong>is</strong> ori <strong>ZiriTadi</strong><br />

meTodi arsebobs: pirveli _ mSvidobiani gziT,<br />

molaparakebaTa Sedegad. meore _ om<strong>is</strong> gziT. diplomatTa<br />

manevrireb<strong>is</strong> cudi warmoCena mSvidobiani molaparakeb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>sruleb<strong>is</strong> saTavea. Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv, samSvidobo molaparakebaTa<br />

ori <strong>ZiriTadi</strong> aspeqti dominirebs: konfidencialuri <strong>da</strong><br />

oficialuri molaparakebebi. amaTgan romelimesTv<strong>is</strong><br />

upiratesob<strong>is</strong> miniWeba, <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia ara marto arsebuli<br />

movleneb<strong>is</strong> irgvliv azrTa urTierTSejerebaze, aramed<br />

politikos<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel alRosa <strong>da</strong><br />

SorsmWvretelobaze. hitler<strong>is</strong> diplomatiuri svl<strong>is</strong> morigi<br />

gamoxatuleba, u. CerCilTan <strong>da</strong>zavebaze konfidencialuri<br />

molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> wamowyeb<strong>is</strong> iniciativa iyo, ramac n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong><br />

SemTxvevaSi aSkarad gamokveTili, oficialuri saxe miiRo.<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> azriT ,,axlad gamomcxvari” premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

winamorbed<strong>is</strong> politik<strong>is</strong> gagrZelebas ubralod ver gabe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong><br />

92

imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c es miuRebeli iyo qveyn<strong>is</strong> imdroindel<br />

sakanonmdeblo organosTv<strong>is</strong>. ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> parlamentma, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

progresulad moazrovne a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong> ricxvi sWarbob<strong>da</strong>,<br />

amxila <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gmo wina premier<strong>is</strong> nac<strong>is</strong>turi orientacia. u.<br />

CerCili faS<strong>is</strong>turi sul<strong>is</strong>kveTeb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> maTi ideal<strong>is</strong>ti<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> mexotbe arasodes yofila. Tumca, <strong>is</strong> ukiduresi<br />

antibolSeviki iyo. bolSevikuri ruseTi ki hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

revanS<strong>is</strong>tuli ganwyob<strong>is</strong> morig msxverplad warmoidginebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

am WrilSi, ori saxelmwifos lider<strong>is</strong> urTierTmiaxloebuli<br />

politikuri ambicieb<strong>is</strong> ganedze, zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> mcire Sansi<br />

gamoikveTa, romelic hitlerma xeli<strong>da</strong>n ar gauSva. Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

mxriv, r. hes<strong>is</strong> optimaluri xedva ganapiroba did britaneTSi<br />

saidumlod <strong>da</strong>arsebulma e. w. ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> parti<strong>is</strong>”<br />

TviTneburma mxar<strong>da</strong>Weram. vuwodoT mas pirobiTad<br />

TviTneburi, radgan maTi mizani germaniasTan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb, Tav<strong>is</strong>ebur harmoniaSi modio<strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

m<strong>is</strong>wrafebasTan. ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> parti<strong>is</strong>” wevreb<strong>is</strong> vinaoba,<br />

romlebic ingl<strong>is</strong>Si jer kidev 1880w. <strong>da</strong>arsebuli saidumlo<br />

order<strong>is</strong> ,,golden <strong>da</strong>un<strong>is</strong>” sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> rigebSi Sediodnen,<br />

garkveuli motiviT konspirirebuli iyo. es organizacia<br />

germaniaSi 1919w. <strong>da</strong>arsebuli ,,tules sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong>”<br />

prototips warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>, romelic masoneb<strong>is</strong> gavlen<strong>is</strong> qveS<br />

imyofebo<strong>da</strong>. maT wam<strong>da</strong>T magiuri Zal<strong>is</strong> arseboba <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

zemoqmedeba individ<strong>is</strong> Sinagan samyaroze, rasac fsiqikas<br />

vuwodebT. bed<strong>is</strong>wer<strong>is</strong> Seucnobadi impulseb<strong>is</strong> gamokrToma<br />

zebunebrivi ZalTa qmedeb<strong>is</strong> matareblad esaxebo<strong>da</strong>T. maT<br />

SegnebaSi ,,idumali samyaros” rwmena, gamouvleneli<br />

TvalsaCinoeb<strong>is</strong> Tez<strong>is</strong>ebiT ikvebebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

93

goneb<strong>is</strong> evoluci<strong>is</strong> garkveul stadiaze, a<strong>da</strong>mianSi<br />

fiziologiuri Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT Camoyalibebuli aqtiuri <strong>da</strong><br />

pasiuri impulsebi, urTierTmonacvleob<strong>is</strong> eqvivalentiT<br />

gan<strong>is</strong>azRvreba. magram gamonakl<strong>is</strong> situaciebSi romelime<br />

maTgan<strong>is</strong> Canacvleb<strong>is</strong> Warbi dozireb<strong>is</strong> gamo, reaqciac<br />

adeqvaturi xdeba. pirvel SemTxvevaSi, <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel<br />

komponentebad SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT: moduneba, garemo<br />

Zaleb<strong>is</strong>admi Segueba anu a<strong>da</strong>ptacia. meor<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi<br />

agznebadoba, stresi, m<strong>is</strong>i umaRlesi faza <strong>is</strong>terika, Sokireba.<br />

am ori komponent<strong>is</strong> (aqtiuri, pasiuri) Tanafardob<strong>is</strong><br />

SemTxvevaSi saxezea normaluri, fsiqikurad gawonasworebuli<br />

a<strong>da</strong>miani. a<strong>da</strong>mianTa kategori<strong>is</strong> aseTi tip<strong>is</strong> saxesxvaoba<br />

xSirad urTierTSegueb<strong>is</strong> kontrastul xasiaTs un<strong>da</strong><br />

atarebdes. arsebobs gamonakl<strong>is</strong>i SemTxvevebic. pirovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

kult<strong>is</strong> gafetiSeba m<strong>is</strong>i SemoqmedebiTi buneb<strong>is</strong>, sazogadoebaSi<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i TviT<strong>da</strong>mkvidreb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> aRiareb<strong>is</strong><br />

mixedviT xdeba. hitleri hes<strong>is</strong> sul<strong>is</strong> apokalifsi iyo. aseTi<br />

gansakuTrebulad Tu gansxvavebulad moazrovne a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />

momavals xSirad sizmrad nanax<strong>is</strong>a Tu bed<strong>is</strong>wer<strong>is</strong> ganCineb<strong>is</strong><br />

wign<strong>is</strong> mixedviT sjidnen. movlenaTa kanonzomier<br />

cvalebadobas buneb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>uwereli kanonebiT udgebodnen. r.<br />

hesi, masoneb<strong>is</strong> am SexedulebebTan siaxlov<strong>is</strong> gamo, ,,tules<br />

sazogadoebaSi”, miunxen<strong>is</strong> universitetSi geopolitik<strong>is</strong><br />

fakultetze swavleb<strong>is</strong> dros Sevi<strong>da</strong>. am fakultet<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>maarsebl<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> amave sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> wevr<strong>is</strong>, k. haushofer<strong>is</strong><br />

ideologiuri gavlena Tav<strong>is</strong> as<strong>is</strong>tentze imdenad Zlieri<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom mTeli m<strong>is</strong>i cxovreba gansazRvra. k. haushoferi<br />

usazRvro mentaluri monacemeb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> didi inteleqtualuri<br />

94

SesaZleblobeb<strong>is</strong> gamo, germani<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>s. evrop<strong>is</strong> rig<br />

saxelmwifo universitetebSi sapatio wevrad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

garkveuli aspeqtiT m<strong>is</strong>i cxovreb<strong>is</strong> saintereso detaleb<strong>is</strong><br />

warmoCenas dro<strong>da</strong>dro SevecdebiT.<br />

,,golden-<strong>da</strong>un<strong>is</strong>’’ sazogadoebaSi warmodgenili iyo qveyn<strong>is</strong><br />

TvalsaCino pirebi, elita gansxvavebulad moazrovne<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong>a, britaneT<strong>is</strong> ar<strong>is</strong>tokrati<strong>is</strong> naRebi. maTgan<br />

Tamamad gamovarCevdiT: poet f. b. iets<strong>is</strong>, msaxiob florens<br />

fars, mweral artur maxens, notarius ale<strong>is</strong>ter grouels,<br />

romelmac sakuTari orderic ki Seqmna ,,argenteum astrum<strong>is</strong>”<br />

saxelwodebiT.<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> ar<strong>is</strong>tokrati<strong>is</strong> wevrebi<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT<br />

sami sakmaod popularuli figura: hercogi hamiltoni, RAF ∗ -<strong>is</strong><br />

podpolkovniki, bedford<strong>is</strong> hercogi <strong>da</strong> ser aivon kirkpatriki,<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> saelCos yofili pirveli mdivani berlinSi. am<br />

sazogadoebaSi Tav<strong>is</strong>i adgili samefo ojax<strong>is</strong> wevrebmac<br />

hpoves. calke aRniSvn<strong>is</strong> Rirsia, mefe georg V-<strong>is</strong> vaJebi: mefe<br />

eduard VIII, Semdeg hercogi uinZoreli <strong>da</strong> kent<strong>is</strong> hercogi. es<br />

ukanaskneli, m<strong>is</strong>i Zm<strong>is</strong>, ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> mef<strong>is</strong> georg VI-<strong>is</strong><br />

iniciativiT, 1939 wels m<strong>is</strong> politikur mrCevlad <strong>da</strong>iniSna.<br />

kent<strong>is</strong> hercogi ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> parti<strong>is</strong>” aqtiuri wevri <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

erTgvarovani politik<strong>is</strong> cxovrebaSi gatareb<strong>is</strong> momxred<br />

iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>. u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> msgavsad, kent<strong>is</strong> hercogic<br />

antibolSevikuri orientaci<strong>is</strong> matarebeli pirovneba iyo. mas<br />

colad yav<strong>da</strong> bolSevikeb<strong>is</strong> friad moZule qalbatoni,<br />

saberZneT<strong>is</strong> princesa marina. <strong>is</strong>toriografiaSi cnobili ar<br />

ar<strong>is</strong>, rom kent<strong>is</strong> hercogi pronac<strong>is</strong>ti an<strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

∗ RAF(abr.) _ Roial Air Force _samefo sahaero Zalebi<br />

95

pirovnebiT aRfrTovanebuli yofiliyos. ubralod, <strong>is</strong><br />

bolSevizm<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg germaniasTan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> momxreTa<br />

rigebSi iricxebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

azrTa aseTma Tanxvdomam hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong> Sinagani<br />

samyaro <strong>da</strong>debiTad ganawyo. r. hesma kontaqti <strong>da</strong>amyara<br />

,,golden <strong>da</strong>un<strong>is</strong>”, aw <strong>da</strong>saxelebul, or metad gavlenian<br />

wevrTan: kent<strong>is</strong> hercogTan <strong>da</strong> hercog hamiltonTan,<br />

Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> pirvel perTan. amasTan, es sameuli pirveli<br />

klas<strong>is</strong> mfrinavebi gaxldnen <strong>da</strong> am Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT, <strong>is</strong>ini<br />

erTmaneTs araerTjer Sexvedrilan. cnobilia, rom r. hess<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>i solo gafren<strong>is</strong>as, hamilton<strong>is</strong> mamulSi kent<strong>is</strong> hercogi<br />

elodebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i TviTmfrinav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Sveb<strong>is</strong>as mokle safren<br />

bilikze Suqi, <strong>swored</strong>, mas un<strong>da</strong> CaerTo. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgilem<br />

ver moaxerxa TviTmfrinav<strong>is</strong> normalurad <strong>da</strong>sma, - paraSutiT<br />

gadmoxta, roca spirometri O-s uCveneb<strong>da</strong>. TviTmfrinavi<br />

<strong>da</strong>eSva iglSemTan axlos, flurs farmi<strong>da</strong>n cota moSorebiT,<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> mamuli<strong>da</strong>n - dungavel kastli<strong>da</strong>n - 12 mil<strong>is</strong><br />

manZilze. erTi SexedviT, yvelaferi normalur kalapotSi<br />

Tavsdeba. aseTi SemTxvevebi aviaciaSi, arc Tu iSviaTia.<br />

magram yuradReba erT metad sagul<strong>is</strong>xmo detals un<strong>da</strong><br />

mieqces. r. hess germanii<strong>da</strong>n afren<strong>is</strong>as <strong>da</strong>matebiTi sawvavi<br />

avzebi qon<strong>da</strong> Cadgmuli, romelic fren<strong>is</strong> siSor<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> iyo<br />

gankuTvnili. mas hamilton<strong>is</strong> mamulSi <strong>da</strong>Sveba qon<strong>da</strong><br />

gansazRvruli, magram ver gaTvala ingl<strong>is</strong>uri<br />

,,spitfaiereb<strong>is</strong>’’ <strong>da</strong>devneb<strong>is</strong> faqti, radgan saaviacio Zaleb<strong>is</strong><br />

meTauri Tavad hamiltoni iyo. niSandoblivia, rom hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

pirad gankargulebaSi myofma ternhauz<strong>is</strong> bazam<br />

,,spitfaierebi’’ ar <strong>da</strong>adevna, xolo moulodnelad zemoTaWril<br />

96

or ,,spitfaiers” haerSive mouvi<strong>da</strong>T mkacri brZaneba cecxl<strong>is</strong><br />

gauxsnelob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. ras un<strong>da</strong> niSnavdes es<br />

<strong>is</strong>toriografiaSi am movlen<strong>is</strong>admi hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba calsaxaa. <strong>is</strong> mRelvareb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> gakvirveb<strong>is</strong><br />

uCveulo Serwymas avlens, gansxvavebiT premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong>agan,<br />

romelic am ambavs gansakuTrebuli simSvidiTa <strong>da</strong> TiTqos<br />

,,uintereso<strong>da</strong>c” Sexv<strong>da</strong>. ,,me mivdivar Zmebi marqseb<strong>is</strong><br />

sayureblad”_[43,340]. es m<strong>is</strong>i bolo sityvebi iyo hamiltonTan ∗<br />

saubr<strong>is</strong>as. un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom CerCilma <strong>da</strong>aswro hamiltonsa <strong>da</strong><br />

TviT mefes, romelmac kent<strong>is</strong> hercog<strong>is</strong> rCeviT, r. hess<br />

xelSeuxeblob<strong>is</strong> statusi mianiWa. magram gviani gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. u.<br />

CerCilma fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile ,,samxedro tyved” oficialurad<br />

gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>. sajarooba ki r. hes<strong>is</strong> patimrobaSi <strong>da</strong>rCen<strong>is</strong> erTerTi<br />

mamxilebeli motivi iyo. samagierod, premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> kent<strong>is</strong> hercogebi moxerxebulad gamoaZeva am<br />

<strong>is</strong>toriuli movlen<strong>is</strong> epicentri<strong>da</strong>n, maTive reputaci<strong>is</strong><br />

Seulaxaob<strong>is</strong> motiviT, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc britaneT<strong>is</strong> samefo kari<br />

cdilob<strong>da</strong> gulmodgined <strong>da</strong>emala yofili mef<strong>is</strong> hercogi<br />

uinZorel<strong>is</strong> skan<strong>da</strong>luri sasiyvarulo Tavga<strong>da</strong>savali. kent<strong>is</strong><br />

hercogi am movlenebi<strong>da</strong>n male, 1942 wl<strong>is</strong> agv<strong>is</strong>toSi,<br />

aviakatastrofaSi <strong>da</strong>iRupa, Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> mTebSi, CrdiloeT<strong>is</strong><br />

zRv<strong>is</strong> sanapiroze. paradoqsia, magram faqtia. m<strong>is</strong>i sikvdil<strong>is</strong><br />

saeWvo mizezebi ingl<strong>is</strong>elma <strong>is</strong>torikosma, robert bredonma<br />

gamoikvlia <strong>da</strong> varaudobs, rom <strong>is</strong> mokles. gamoTqmuli<br />

∗<br />

hamiltoni – Zveli <strong>is</strong>toriuli gvaria, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc skotebi. hamiltonebi lord<strong>is</strong><br />

tituls 1445 wels, skotebi ki 1600w. atareben. pirveli klan<strong>is</strong> anu sagvareul<strong>is</strong> meTauri<br />

hercogi hamiltonia, gvar<strong>is</strong> rezidencia (Clan Seat) Cadzow Castle <strong>da</strong> sagvareulo memoriali<br />

– hamiltonTa sahercogo mavzoleumi. meoreTa xelmZRvanelia hercogi <strong>da</strong> grafi buklo,<br />

klan<strong>is</strong> rezidencia – Branxholm Castle (hauikSi ) , memoriali – bukloTa Zveli eklesia.<br />

samefo karze buklos gaTav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg m<strong>is</strong> Tanamdebobaze iniSneba hercogi<br />

hamiltoni, xolo buklo CerCilma Tav<strong>is</strong> sagvareulo cixeSi Caketa. mas bralad edebo<strong>da</strong><br />

germaniasTan sazavo SeTanxmeb<strong>is</strong> miRwev<strong>is</strong> lobizmi.F<br />

97

mosazreb<strong>is</strong> Tanaxmad, TviTmfrinavSi kent<strong>is</strong> hercogTan erTad,<br />

r. hesic imyofebo<strong>da</strong>, romelsac aseTive bedi ewia.<br />

garkveulwilad, es <strong>da</strong>usabuTebeli argumentia, romelic erTerTi<br />

versi<strong>is</strong> doneze rCeba. am incident<strong>is</strong> paralelurad, r.<br />

hesi london<strong>is</strong> tauerSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> sainteresoa, Tu<br />

rogor aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong> kent<strong>is</strong> hercogTan am ide<strong>is</strong> avtorebi<br />

gvawvdian informacias namdvili hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Rupv<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

oreul<strong>is</strong> patimrob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, rasac cnobili qirurg<strong>is</strong>, hiu<br />

tomas<strong>is</strong>, samedicino eqspertizas gamoyenebiT a<strong>da</strong>stureben.<br />

movlenaTa aseTi koordinireb<strong>is</strong> fonze, alternatiuli<br />

arCevan<strong>is</strong> sruli demobilizaci<strong>is</strong> gaTvliT (gamoiricxa<br />

lordi loTiani, s. hori), hercogi hamiltoni u<strong>da</strong>vod bolo<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>mTavari</strong> Sansi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> urTierTob<strong>is</strong><br />

mogvareb<strong>is</strong> mxriv, ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> samefo karze m<strong>is</strong>i funqcionaluri<br />

<strong>da</strong>niSnuleb<strong>is</strong> gamo. hercogi ar<strong>is</strong>tokratiuli manereb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

Sotlandiuri Tavazianob<strong>is</strong> erTgvari nazavi iyo. mizez-<br />

Sedegobrivi kavSir<strong>is</strong> am sinqronul landSaftSi, hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

samefo ojaxTan naTesauri xaz<strong>is</strong> arseboba <strong>da</strong>sturdeba.<br />

kontinentze aseTi kac<strong>is</strong> arseboba harmoniul ferebs qmni<strong>da</strong><br />

nac<strong>is</strong>ti lidereb<strong>is</strong> tipiur warmosaxvaSi. germaneli a.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> lordi klaidsdeil<strong>is</strong> nacnobob<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>zr<strong>da</strong><br />

permanentul megobrobaSi, politikur movlenaTa diapazonze<br />

arsebuli Tanabari Sexedulebeb<strong>is</strong> mkveTri gaaqtiureb<strong>is</strong><br />

Sedegia, romelic gonebaSi meridianuli ganlageb<strong>is</strong> dros,<br />

msgavseb<strong>is</strong> aRqm<strong>is</strong> spontanuri SegrZneb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas iZleva.<br />

am pirovnebaTa mier fenomen<strong>is</strong> sajaro urTierTaRiarebam,<br />

giganturi Zvrebi moaxdina individualuri ,,traqtat<strong>is</strong>” Seqmna<br />

- aTv<strong>is</strong>ebaSi. hercogma didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> saerTaSor<strong>is</strong>o samefo<br />

98

instituts - cnobil Catem hauzs - a. haushofer<strong>is</strong> pirovneba<br />

Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad warudgina. doqtori haushofer<strong>is</strong> saleqcio Tema:<br />

,,nedleuli <strong>da</strong> koloniebi germanuli TvalTaxedviT” _<br />

germanuli politik<strong>is</strong> TviTmiznuri xedv<strong>is</strong> gamoxatuleb<strong>is</strong><br />

matarebeli iyo. versal<strong>is</strong> xelSekruleb<strong>is</strong> Tanaxmad,<br />

germani<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> kolonieb<strong>is</strong> CamorTmev<strong>is</strong> mzardi<br />

ukmayofileb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>malva germanofilma doqtorma ver SeZlo.<br />

es, saerTo jamSi, auditori<strong>is</strong> frTxili <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong><br />

sababi Seiqna. miT ufro, roca albrexti mosalodneli om<strong>is</strong><br />

fantastiur Sedegebze alaparak<strong>da</strong>. am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, sxdom<strong>is</strong><br />

wamyvan<strong>is</strong> lord alen of hartvud<strong>is</strong> Sesavali sityva a.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong> wardgen<strong>is</strong>as, ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebeli<br />

urTierT<strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, hitler<strong>is</strong> sagareo politikuri<br />

kurs<strong>is</strong> ZiriTad aqsiomas aRar warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. am mizniT, 1940<br />

wl<strong>is</strong> agv<strong>is</strong>toSi, SveicariaSi a. haushofer<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong><br />

parti<strong>is</strong>” erT-erTi wevr<strong>is</strong>, hercogi bedford<strong>is</strong>, Sexvedra<br />

Sedga. es Sexvedra qalaq JenevaSi politikuri motiviT iyo<br />

inspirirebuli. rogorc irkveva, hitler<strong>is</strong> mier zav<strong>is</strong> meore<br />

oficialur SeTavazebaze, didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

orazrovanma dumilma, am parti<strong>is</strong> wevrTa mxri<strong>da</strong>n sazavo<br />

pirobeb<strong>is</strong> SemuSavebaze molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>wyeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />

mzadyofn<strong>is</strong> gamoTqm<strong>is</strong> iniciativa ganapiroba. aseTi sax<strong>is</strong><br />

molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> warmoeba ingl<strong>is</strong>eleb<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n araoficialur<br />

wamowyebad migvaCnia, maTive qveyn<strong>is</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong>agan<br />

oficialuri <strong>da</strong>stur<strong>is</strong> uqonlob<strong>is</strong> gamo. premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong>agan<br />

gansxvavebiT, hitleri am molaparakebaTa msvlelob<strong>is</strong> saqm<strong>is</strong><br />

kursSi iyo. fiureri <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i moadgile Tanxmobas<br />

gamoTqvamdnen ingl<strong>is</strong>elTa mier wamoyenebul wina<strong>da</strong>debaze,<br />

99

1939 wl<strong>is</strong> 23 agv<strong>is</strong>tos <strong>da</strong>debul ribentrop-molotov<strong>is</strong> paqt<strong>is</strong><br />

denonsireb<strong>is</strong> Taobaze. rogorc Cans, hitleri ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan<br />

zav<strong>is</strong> sanacvlod yovelgvar <strong>da</strong>Tmobaze wavido<strong>da</strong>. am<br />

SemTxvevaSi, mas r<strong>is</strong>i imedi un<strong>da</strong> qono<strong>da</strong> marTalia, hercogi<br />

bedfordi parlamentSi metad gavlenian wevrad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

magram <strong>is</strong> umravlesobaSi ar moiazrebo<strong>da</strong>. ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

mTavrobasTan komprom<strong>is</strong>ze wasvl<strong>is</strong> SemovliTi gzebi pir<strong>da</strong>pir<br />

premier<strong>is</strong> gulze gadio<strong>da</strong>. m<strong>is</strong>i cirkuliari germaniasTan<br />

neb<strong>is</strong>mieri molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> akrZalvaze, mTavrob<strong>is</strong> neb<strong>is</strong>mieri<br />

wevr<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> sayovelTaod m<strong>is</strong>aRebi un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad am<strong>is</strong>a, analogiur cdebs mainc qon<strong>da</strong> adgili<br />

portugaliasa <strong>da</strong> espaneTSi, romelic uSedegod mTavrdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

samoel hor<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebeli Sexvedra madridSi,<br />

mitovebuli CongburT<strong>is</strong> kortze, roml<strong>is</strong> organizatorad <strong>is</strong>ev<br />

a. haushoferi gvevlineba, saidumlo viTarebaSi rCeba.<br />

<strong>is</strong>torikosTa erTi nawil<strong>is</strong> varaudiT, es Sexvedra ar<br />

Semdgara. meoreTa azriT, <strong>swored</strong>, aman Seasrula<br />

katalizator<strong>is</strong> roli r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenaSi, romelic<br />

am Sexvedri<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime dReSi ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>.<br />

rogorc avRniSneT erTgz<strong>is</strong>, u. CerCilma xel<strong>is</strong>uflebaSi<br />

mosvl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg s. hori elCad wargzavna espaneTSi, <strong>is</strong>eve<br />

rogorc halifaqsi ,,miavlina” aSS-Si, iq gar<strong>da</strong>cvlili lordi<br />

loTian<strong>is</strong> ∗ nacvlad. u. CerCilma amiT, amavdroulad, piradi<br />

grZnobeb<strong>is</strong> ganelebac SeZlo, rac s. hor<strong>is</strong> rCeviT, n.<br />

Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> mier, 1937 wels mTavrob<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

SeuyvanlobiT iyo gamowveuli. piradul<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Trgunva<br />

politikuri Sur<strong>is</strong>Zieb<strong>is</strong> xarjze, Sinagani kmayofileb<strong>is</strong><br />

∗<br />

lordi loTiani _ axalgazrdobaSi filip keri, 1930 wli<strong>da</strong>n lordi (markizi), _<br />

loTiani. man es wodeba Tav<strong>is</strong>i biZaSvil<strong>is</strong>gan miiRo.<br />

100

gancd<strong>is</strong> maCvenebelia. saxelmwifos meTaur<strong>is</strong> xelSi<br />

Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> fenomeni ganusazRvrelobiTi xasiaT<strong>is</strong><br />

matarebelia. Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> maqsimaluri ganc<strong>da</strong>, xSirad,<br />

mozRvavebuli energi<strong>is</strong> gancd<strong>is</strong> gadmofrqvev<strong>is</strong> dros xdeba. am<br />

SemTxvevaSi, Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> cnebaTa<br />

gaigiveba SeuZlebelia. Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleba Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> wina<br />

formas warmoadgens, roml<strong>is</strong> ugulvelyofa Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>kargvasTan erTad yovlad <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia. maTi <strong>da</strong>kargva an<br />

mopoveba, konkretuli pir<strong>is</strong> Sinagani moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> unar<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>knineba-gaZliereb<strong>is</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad xdeba. Tu <strong>da</strong>vuSvebT imas,<br />

rom politikosi pirovnebacaa, maSin politikos<strong>is</strong> Sefaseb<strong>is</strong>as<br />

un<strong>da</strong> vixelmZRvaneloT samarTlianob<strong>is</strong> kriteriumiT. Tu<br />

zneobrivi principiT SevafasebT, maSin yvela politikosi<br />

uzneod un<strong>da</strong> gamogvecxadebina, radgan sfero romelSic <strong>is</strong>ini<br />

moRvaweobdnen, metwil, Zaladobas emyareba.<br />

u. CerCil<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> s. hors Sor<strong>is</strong> SeuTavseblob<strong>is</strong> faqtori<br />

imdenad didi iyo, rom am ukanasknelma elCad mivlineb<strong>is</strong><br />

oficialur SeTavazebaze, premier-min<strong>is</strong>trs uari ar uTxra.<br />

rogorc Cans, man gumaniT igrZno politikuri amind<strong>is</strong><br />

Secvl<strong>is</strong> moaxloebuli rakursi. amasTan, <strong>is</strong> CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

pirovnebas Zalian kargad icnob<strong>da</strong>. amitom, hor<strong>is</strong> miunxenuri<br />

politik<strong>is</strong> gagrZelebasa <strong>da</strong> mTavrobaSi mosalodnel<br />

gauTavebel winaaRmdegobebs wertili un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>smo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

bunebrivia, am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg mas Tav<strong>is</strong>i saqmianoba qveyn<strong>is</strong><br />

sazRvrebs gareT, espaneTSi ga<strong>da</strong>etana. diplomatiuri arxiT<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tebTan gaCaRebuli faruli kontaqtebi m<strong>is</strong>i politikuri<br />

mrwams<strong>is</strong> realurad ganxorcieleb<strong>is</strong> erTaderTi saSualeba<br />

iyo. s. hor<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n es faruli brZola mdgomareob<strong>da</strong> u.<br />

101

CerCil<strong>is</strong> saxel<strong>is</strong>uflebo pozicieb<strong>is</strong> Tu ar mospob<strong>is</strong>,<br />

<strong>da</strong>susteb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> mainc. <strong>is</strong> molaparakebas awarmoeb<strong>da</strong><br />

espaneTSi, yofili student<strong>is</strong>, Semdeg germani<strong>is</strong> saelCos<br />

TanamSromel<strong>is</strong>, hainrix Stemer<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT. m<strong>is</strong>i TaosnobiT<br />

Sedga madridSi specialurad Camosuli al. haushofer<strong>is</strong><br />

horTan Sexvedra. maTi saubr<strong>is</strong> Tema, Cveuleb<strong>is</strong>amebr,<br />

zogadi<strong>da</strong>n konkretulze <strong>da</strong>sula. saxeldobr, or<br />

saxelmwifos Sor<strong>is</strong> zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>myareb<strong>is</strong> <strong>ZiriTadi</strong> motivi<br />

,,CerCil<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>dgom<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>”[24,257]<br />

SeufardebiaT. es azri <strong>da</strong>ujerebelia imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

gviWirs m<strong>is</strong>i gageba. Tun<strong>da</strong>c, aseTi varaud<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Sveba<br />

warmoudgenelia, imdroindel politikur urTierTobaTa<br />

speqtrSi. rogorc britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>trs, aseve<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> fiurers, xel<strong>is</strong>uflebaSi sakmaod myari<br />

poziciebi gaaCn<strong>da</strong>T <strong>da</strong> amaTgan, Tun<strong>da</strong>c erT<strong>is</strong> CamoSoreba<br />

qveyn<strong>is</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>veebi<strong>da</strong>n, iniciatorTaTv<strong>is</strong> (s. hori <strong>da</strong> a.<br />

haushoferi), arc Tu saxarbielo SedegiT <strong>da</strong>sruldebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

hor<strong>is</strong> diplomatiuri sibece, metwil, ganawyeneb<strong>is</strong> sindromma<br />

warmoSva <strong>da</strong> CerCil<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>iT Secvl<strong>is</strong> nac<strong>is</strong>turma ideam<br />

yovelgvari azrovneb<strong>is</strong> unari CauxSo. sixarul<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

sibraz<strong>is</strong> uSualo Serwyma goneb<strong>is</strong> anazdeuli <strong>da</strong>gmanv<strong>is</strong><br />

brwyinvale organizatoria. am dros, individi Tanamosaubreze<br />

uneblied <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli xdeba manam, sanam tvini modunebuli<br />

mdgomareobi<strong>da</strong>n ar gamova <strong>da</strong> gaTviTcnobiereb<strong>is</strong> Cveul ritms<br />

ar <strong>da</strong>ubrundeba. es spontanuri procesi SesaZlebelia<br />

ramdenjerme ganmeorebiT ganxorcieldes, Tumca ara yovel<br />

individSi. am dros, pirovnebas ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> miReba uWirs,<br />

m<strong>is</strong> gonebaSi mikrotalReb<strong>is</strong> xSiri monacvleob<strong>is</strong> gamo an<br />

102

miRebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> umal Secvla sCvevia. amitom<br />

eZaxdnen samoel hors, metsaxelad, ,,meryev sems”, rasac jok<br />

kolvili, u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> piradi mdivani, m<strong>is</strong>i intrig<strong>is</strong>admi<br />

midrekilebas miawers.<br />

princ maqs hohenloesa <strong>da</strong> s. hor<strong>is</strong> madrid<strong>is</strong> Sexvedraze<br />

gamoTqmuli azrebi radikalurad gansxvavdeba, am<br />

ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> a. haushoferTan saubr<strong>is</strong>agan. hohenloes<br />

wina<strong>da</strong>debebs ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zaveb<strong>is</strong> pirobeb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb,<br />

rac germani<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> aRmosavleT evrop<strong>is</strong>a ♣ <strong>da</strong> balkaneT<strong>is</strong><br />

naxevarkunZul<strong>is</strong> mikuTvnebiTa <strong>da</strong> am teritoriebze gavlen<strong>is</strong><br />

sferoeb<strong>is</strong> gazrdiT Semoifargla, ingl<strong>is</strong>elma diplomatma<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>WriT upasuxa: ,,am or qveyanas Sor<strong>is</strong> urTierTgageb<strong>is</strong><br />

miRweva SeuZlebelia, ori safuZvliani mizez<strong>is</strong> gamo: pirveli,<br />

hitlerma ndoba <strong>da</strong>karga didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> TvalSi <strong>da</strong> meore,<br />

wamoyenebuli wina<strong>da</strong>debani gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs germani<strong>is</strong> diqtaturas<br />

evropaSi, rasac ingl<strong>is</strong>i arasodes Seurigdebao”[24,265].<br />

hohenloe hitlers apologetad <strong>da</strong>udga. man, xazi gausva ra<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> udides ndobas germaneli xalx<strong>is</strong> mier, aRniSna:<br />

,,amiT verc geringi <strong>da</strong> verc sxva vinme ver<br />

<strong>da</strong>itrabaxebso”[24,266]. Tu hohenloes saubr<strong>is</strong> Strixebs<br />

mivyvebiT, aSkaraa, horTan molaparakebas, uSualod,<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> gankargulebiT asruleb<strong>da</strong>. germaniaSi <strong>da</strong>bruneb<strong>is</strong>as,<br />

<strong>is</strong> fiurerTan un<strong>da</strong> warmdgariyo <strong>da</strong> sityva-sityviT un<strong>da</strong><br />

Caebarebina molaparakebaTa angariSi. ai, ratom ver Seikava<br />

Tavi hohenloem hitler<strong>is</strong> uaryofiTad moxsenieb<strong>is</strong>as <strong>da</strong> ratom<br />

gax<strong>da</strong> iZulebuli hor<strong>is</strong> sityvebi ara Tu upasuxod<br />

<strong>da</strong>etovebina, aramed muqariTac gamaspinZlebo<strong>da</strong>. s. hor<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

♣ kerZod, poloneT<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Cexoslovaki<strong>is</strong><br />

103

princ<strong>is</strong> italiur CanawerSi sruliad gansxvavebuli versia<br />

figurirebs, Tumca Tav<strong>is</strong>ebur SeTanxmebaSi mod<strong>is</strong> a.<br />

haushoferTan gamarTul zemoT<strong>da</strong>saxelebul<br />

molaparakebasTan. s. hor<strong>is</strong> gapremiereb<strong>is</strong> idea italiur<br />

CanawerSic gvxvdeba, magram im gansxvavebiT, rom aq iniciativa<br />

TviT hori<strong>da</strong>n mod<strong>is</strong>. ingl<strong>is</strong>el diplomats sakuTari<br />

ambicieb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Trgunva ver mouxerxebia <strong>da</strong> sruli<br />

pir<strong>da</strong>pirobiT ganucxadebia, - u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> mTavrobaSi<br />

mdgomareob<strong>is</strong> Seryev<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, - rac saparlamento<br />

umravlesobaSi, TiTqos, ndob<strong>is</strong> votum<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kargviT iyo<br />

ganpirobebuli. premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> postze s. hor<strong>is</strong><br />

kandi<strong>da</strong>tura moiazrebo<strong>da</strong>, rogorc germaniasTan<br />

komprom<strong>is</strong>uli zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> saukeTeso garanti. ,,igi (e.i<br />

hori) iqve ga<strong>da</strong>ayeneb<strong>da</strong> entoni idens <strong>da</strong> Secvli<strong>da</strong> mas riCard<br />

batleriT”[24.266]. bunebrivia, Cndeba kiTxvebi: vin awvdi<strong>da</strong><br />

aseT informacias s. hors an gnebavT a. haushofers v<strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />

gamoeZaxa madridSi axlad wargzavnili diplomati <strong>is</strong>ev<br />

londonSi, rogorc amas Tavad hori sruli <strong>da</strong>majereblobiT<br />

ambobs princ hohenloesTan saubr<strong>is</strong>as rogorc Cans, saqme<br />

exeba metad seriozul SeTqmulebas u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg.<br />

albaT, es iyo ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> parti<strong>is</strong>” wevrTa faruli moZraoba,<br />

romelSic <strong>da</strong>myvavebluri politik<strong>is</strong> momxreni Sediodnen. am<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>sturia, harold nikolson<strong>is</strong> memuarebSi, mocemuli citata:<br />

,,Tu movlenebi cu<strong>da</strong>d warimarTeba, SeiZleba Tavi iCinos<br />

moZraobam, romelic mTel warumateblobas ,,om<strong>is</strong><br />

gamCaReblebs” ♣ <strong>da</strong>abralebs <strong>da</strong> CerCils Secvlian s. horiT an<br />

kidev sxva romelime <strong>da</strong>myvavebliT, rac ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

♣ igul<strong>is</strong>xmeba u. CerCili <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i momxreebi<br />

104

saxelmwifos ganadgureb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sasruli iqnebao”[24,266][23,146-<br />

147]. sainteresoa, Tu romel movlenebsa <strong>da</strong> moZraobas<br />

gul<strong>is</strong>xmobs avtori. h. nikolson<strong>is</strong> TvalTaxedva aSkarad<br />

igrZnoba m<strong>is</strong> CanawerebSi. <strong>is</strong> u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> momxreTa rigebs<br />

miekuTvneba. metad mniSvnelovania, rom maTTv<strong>is</strong>ac cnobili<br />

yofila raRac opoziciuri moZraob<strong>is</strong> msgavsi, Tanac sakmaod<br />

seriozuli. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, nikolsoni am<strong>is</strong><br />

moxseniebas Tav<strong>is</strong> memuarebSi saTanadod ar miiCnev<strong>da</strong>. albaT,<br />

maT smenas uTuod m<strong>is</strong>wv<strong>da</strong> u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> konkretuli piriT<br />

Secvl<strong>is</strong> faqti. sxva savaraudo kandi<strong>da</strong>tebi premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

post<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebeli <strong>da</strong>kaveb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, m<strong>is</strong> memuarebSi ar<br />

fiqsirdeba. rogorc Cans, aSkarad gamokveTili saxe am<br />

postze s. hor<strong>is</strong> pirovnebam SeiZina, romelic nac<strong>is</strong>teb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

amasTan nac<strong>is</strong>turi orientaci<strong>is</strong> momxreTa mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera gaaCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />

am informaci<strong>is</strong> gavrceleb<strong>is</strong> iniciatorad ,,abver<strong>is</strong>” ∗<br />

xelmZRvaneli admirali kanar<strong>is</strong>i saxeldeba. <strong>is</strong>,<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>elebTan kontaqtebs, ramdenime arx<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT<br />

axorcieleb<strong>da</strong>. erT-erTi aseTi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T s. hor<strong>is</strong> gziT<br />

madridSi, romelic n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> halifaqs<strong>is</strong> gverdiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>myvavebluri politik<strong>is</strong> gamtarebelTa samkuTxeds krav<strong>da</strong>.<br />

sxvagvarad, <strong>is</strong>ini nac<strong>is</strong>tebTan om<strong>is</strong> warmoeb<strong>is</strong> momxreni ar<br />

iyvnen. saam<strong>is</strong>od, maT gaaCn<strong>da</strong>T sakuTari alternatiuli<br />

mosazrebani fiurer<strong>is</strong> ,,eiforiuli” ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong><br />

sasargeblod. gamoTqmuli mosazreb<strong>is</strong> Tanaxmad, u. CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

naZaladevi yoymani meore front<strong>is</strong> gaxsnasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,<br />

aRniSnuli jguf<strong>is</strong> gavleniTac fiqsirdeba. premier-min<strong>is</strong>trs<br />

qveyanaSi arsebuli arsebiTi <strong>da</strong>Zabulob<strong>is</strong> ganmuxtv<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />

∗ abveri _ germani<strong>is</strong> samxedro <strong>da</strong>zverva<br />

105

dro sWirdebo<strong>da</strong>. amasobaSi, ki mebrZol mxareTa samxedro<br />

potencialuri SesaZleblobebic gairkveo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong> wevreb<strong>is</strong> mniSvnelovani umciresoba<br />

grZnob<strong>da</strong>, rom omi tragedia iyo. Zalaufleb<strong>is</strong> mqone am<br />

opoziciur <strong>da</strong>jgufebas hitlerTan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> didi<br />

survili gaaCn<strong>da</strong>T. zav<strong>is</strong>admi survili, hitler<strong>is</strong> nebiT Tu<br />

uneblieT, swrafad Zlierdebo<strong>da</strong>. 1941 wl<strong>is</strong> ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> pirvel<br />

dReebSi, rodesac germani<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> msxvil<br />

qalaqebze intensiur <strong>da</strong>bombvas qon<strong>da</strong> adgili, bunebrivia,<br />

<strong>da</strong>ibadebo<strong>da</strong> kiTxva: Tuki hitleri <strong>da</strong>bombvas gaagrZeleb<strong>da</strong>,<br />

SeZlebdnen ki <strong>is</strong>ini winaaRmdegob<strong>is</strong> gawevas ingl<strong>is</strong>eleb<strong>is</strong><br />

moralurad gatexv<strong>is</strong> impulsebi ukve aSkarad Can<strong>da</strong>, rac<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong> ukmayofilo <strong>da</strong> aRSfoTebuli toniT<br />

gamoixatebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>swored</strong>, am dros, r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrena<br />

zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> mizniT, usaTuod, ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> em<strong>is</strong>r<strong>is</strong>” rangSi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> ganxiluliyo, rogorc Tavad fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile<br />

varaudob<strong>da</strong>. doqtor karl fon vaiczeker<strong>is</strong> ∗ gamonaTqvam<strong>is</strong><br />

Tanaxmad: ,,es iyo ara logikuri, aramed fsiqologiuri<br />

aucilebloba”[43,229]. adolf hitleri Tav<strong>is</strong> saboloo<br />

gamarjvebaSi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli iyo. 1941 wl<strong>is</strong> gazafxuls<br />

fiurerma <strong>da</strong> r. hesma gamonaxes dro, raTa moenaxulebinaT<br />

Zveli patronesa frau elza brukmani. Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> dros<br />

saubari gafren<strong>is</strong> Temas Seexo. ganSoreb<strong>is</strong>as, hitlerma<br />

stumarTa specialur wignSi <strong>da</strong>tova Canaweri: ,,saboloo<br />

gamarjveb<strong>is</strong> wels”, r. hesma ki Cawera: ,,Tavga<strong>da</strong>savleb<strong>is</strong> epoqa<br />

jer ar <strong>da</strong>srulebula”[43,274].<br />

xmelTaSua zRvaze april<strong>is</strong> omma CerCil<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> avbediTi<br />

∗<br />

karl fon vaiczekeri _ nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> sagareo saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>tros statsmdivani<br />

106

mimarTuleba miiRo. gaagzavna ra berZneb<strong>is</strong>, romlebic iq<br />

SeWril italielebs eomebodnen, <strong>da</strong>saxmareblad saeqspedicio<br />

korpusi, man Seasusta Tav<strong>is</strong>i poziciebi Crd. afrikaSi. axla,<br />

roca italieleb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxmareblad Crd. afrikaSi hitlerma<br />

jari gagzavna general romel<strong>is</strong> meTaurobiT, situacia<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> arakeTilsasurvelad Seicvala. britanelebma<br />

ukan <strong>da</strong>ixies. amavdroulad, <strong>da</strong>iwyo ganxorcieleba<br />

operaci<strong>is</strong>a, romelic Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad Cafiqrebuli iyo gegma<br />

,,barbarosas” SesaniRbavad: Zaleb<strong>is</strong> mniSvnelovnad<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>sanawileblad. bulgareTi<strong>da</strong>n saberZneTSi SeiWrnen<br />

germani<strong>is</strong> diviziebi. april<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> general romelma <strong>da</strong>ipyro<br />

TiTqm<strong>is</strong> afrik<strong>is</strong> mTeli Crdilo sanapiro, tobruk<strong>is</strong> simagr<strong>is</strong><br />

gamoklebiT. gar<strong>da</strong> am<strong>is</strong>a, britaneTma saberZneTSi marcxi<br />

iwvnia. kvir<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi naTeli gax<strong>da</strong>, rom saberZneTi<br />

<strong>da</strong>kargulia, britaneT<strong>is</strong> jarebi ki, romelTa iq Sesvla jer<br />

<strong>da</strong>srulebulic ar iyo, axla evakuacias ar eqvemdebarebodnen.<br />

am dros, r. hesi iwvevs a. haushofers Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> axal raundze<br />

(12-15 aprilamde). rogorc wina Sexvedreb<strong>is</strong> (martSi) Sesaxeb,<br />

aseve am periodSi ar <strong>da</strong>rCenila raime werilebi an<strong>da</strong> zepiri<br />

mowmobebi, maT mier ganxiluli Temeb<strong>is</strong> Taobaze. un<strong>da</strong><br />

vivaraudoT, rom erT-erTi SeiZleba yofiliyo karl<br />

burkhardtTan ∗ Sexvedra, romelic albrextma naxa Tv<strong>is</strong><br />

bolos JenevaSi. k. burkhardt<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT riCard batleri<br />

<strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> princ maqs fon hohenloes, romelic himler<strong>is</strong><br />

megobarTa wr<strong>is</strong> wevri iyo <strong>da</strong> gavleniT sargeblob<strong>da</strong><br />

germani<strong>is</strong> admin<strong>is</strong>traciaSi. hohenloes SekiTxvaze, Tu ra<br />

eSvelebo<strong>da</strong> CerCils, burkhardtma upasuxa: ,,igi SemTxvev<strong>is</strong><br />

∗ karl burkhardti _ JenevaSi saerTaSor<strong>is</strong>o wiTeli jvr<strong>is</strong> komitet<strong>is</strong> wevri.<br />

107

wyalobiT gax<strong>da</strong> premieri <strong>da</strong> Camova kvarcxlbeki<strong>da</strong>n, rogorc<br />

ki movlenebi sxva mimarTulebas miiRebeno”[43,202]. samzad<strong>is</strong><br />

eweo<strong>da</strong> fon hasel<strong>is</strong> coli ilze ∗∗ , romelmac arosSi k.<br />

burkhardts Sexvedr<strong>is</strong>as uTxra: ,,albrexti JenevaSi<br />

miemgzavreba ormagi mizniT, TiTqos hes<strong>is</strong>gan, faqtiurad ki<br />

rogorc winaaRmdegob<strong>is</strong> moZraob<strong>is</strong> warmomadgeneli”[43,277]. es<br />

sityvebi kidev erTxel a<strong>da</strong>sturebs Cvens Sexedulebas im<strong>is</strong><br />

Taobaze, rom haushoferebs tav<strong>is</strong>i gegma qon<strong>da</strong>T. <strong>is</strong><br />

moqmedeb<strong>da</strong> TiTqos hes<strong>is</strong> nebarTviT, magram hes<strong>is</strong>agan<br />

farulad. Sexvedreb<strong>is</strong> miRma ki eZeb<strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

sawinaaRmdego moZraobas, rac ebraelTa problem<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>WraSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>exmarebo<strong>da</strong>. m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> cnobili iyo hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />

ebraeleb<strong>is</strong> mimarT <strong>da</strong> v<strong>is</strong> moiazreb<strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>yeneb<strong>is</strong><br />

SemTxvevaSi m<strong>is</strong> adgilze, Tu ara m<strong>is</strong> moadgiles, romelsac<br />

oficialuri statusic am<strong>is</strong> saSualebas aZlev<strong>da</strong>.<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> zusti miTiTeb<strong>is</strong> gareSe albrexts gamgzavreba ar<br />

SeeZlo. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, man hitlers<br />

vrceli axsna-ganmarteba m<strong>is</strong>ca. igi masSi amtkiceb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

aprilSi burkhardt<strong>is</strong>agan miiRo Setyobineba, romelic<br />

Seicav<strong>da</strong> mokiTxvas m<strong>is</strong>i (albrext<strong>is</strong>) Zveli ingl<strong>is</strong>eli<br />

megobreb<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> miwvevas JenevaSi Sesaxvedrad, m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong><br />

xelsayrel neb<strong>is</strong>mier dros. rodesac om<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, burkhardts<br />

uCvenes es dokumenti, man Tqva: ,,viRacam, cxadia axsena<br />

albrext haushofer<strong>is</strong> saxeli, sTxova m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> saukeTeso<br />

survilebi ga<strong>da</strong>eca, magram Zveli ingl<strong>is</strong>eli megobr<strong>is</strong> wr<strong>is</strong><br />

saxeliT mokiTxv<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>cema ar SeeZlo, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c maTgan<br />

arav<strong>is</strong> ar icnob<strong>da</strong>”[12,277]. fon hasel<strong>is</strong> dRiurSi, albrextTan<br />

♣ ilze fon haseli _ germani<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdegob<strong>is</strong> moZraob<strong>is</strong> erT-erTi xelmZRvanel<strong>is</strong><br />

ulrix fon hasel<strong>is</strong> meuRle<br />

108

saubr<strong>is</strong> Canaweri<strong>da</strong>n ♣ irkveva, rom burkhardt<strong>is</strong> baraTi<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>eli megobreb<strong>is</strong> mokiTxviTa <strong>da</strong> JenevaSi Sexvedraze<br />

miwveviT, <strong>da</strong>werili iyo hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sarwmuneblad, TviT ilzes<br />

an<strong>da</strong> albrext<strong>is</strong> mier, raTa SveicariaSi m<strong>is</strong>i gamgzavreb<strong>is</strong><br />

sanqcireba moexdinaT. rogorc irkveva, hes<strong>is</strong> nebarTv<strong>is</strong> gareSe<br />

<strong>is</strong> vercerT Sexvedras ver <strong>da</strong>eswrebo<strong>da</strong>, ara<strong>da</strong> rogorc Cans a.<br />

haushofers am qveyanaSi wasvla Zalian sWirdebo<strong>da</strong>. arc im<strong>is</strong><br />

SesaZleblobaa gamoricxuli, rom sinamdvileSi ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

wreebSi burkhardti gamoiyenes an <strong>is</strong> gamodio<strong>da</strong>, nebiT Tu<br />

uneblieT, ,,ormagi jvr<strong>is</strong> komitet<strong>is</strong>” xelmZRvanelob<strong>is</strong><br />

Suamavlad, magram iZulebuli iyo es <strong>da</strong>emala. wiTeli jvr<strong>is</strong><br />

wesebiT, m<strong>is</strong> TanamSromlebs ekrZalebo<strong>da</strong>T politikaSi Careva.<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong>admi mimarTul gancxadebaSi albrexti aRniSnav<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom burkhardtma gamoavlina didi SeSfoTeba, radgan sazavo<br />

molaparakebebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, m<strong>is</strong>i saxeli SeiZleba<br />

gaxmaurebuliyo. fon hasel<strong>is</strong> Canawereb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT, albrexti<br />

<strong>da</strong> burkhardti SeTanxmdnen meore Sexvedraze, romelic un<strong>da</strong><br />

Semdgariyo uaxloes ramdenime kviraSi, mas Semdeg rac<br />

burkhardti <strong>is</strong>e <strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>elebs. amasve ambob<strong>da</strong> k.<br />

haushoferi om<strong>is</strong> Semdgom <strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze, romelic am Sexvedreb<strong>is</strong><br />

saqm<strong>is</strong> kursSi yofila. <strong>is</strong> amtkiceb<strong>da</strong>, rom meore Sexvedr<strong>is</strong>as<br />

albrexti un<strong>da</strong> gaegzavnaT madridSi samuel horTan<br />

mosalaparakeblad. ,,... r. hesi <strong>da</strong>kavebuli iyo zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong><br />

SesaZleblob<strong>is</strong> ZiebiT, Cemi mokluli Svili (saubaria<br />

albrextze) gaxl<strong>da</strong>T <strong>is</strong> pirovneba, romelic<br />

ganaxorcielrb<strong>da</strong> am saqmes. igi SveicariaSi Sexv<strong>da</strong><br />

burkhardts, romelmac sTxova mas iq kidev Casuliyo, raTa<br />

∗∗ saubari Sedga 10 marts<br />

109

erTad gamgzavrebuliyvnen madridSi lord templvudTan (s.<br />

hori) molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> mizniT. rodesac Cemi Svili <strong>da</strong>brun<strong>da</strong><br />

Sveicarii<strong>da</strong>n, mas kvlav hqon<strong>da</strong> saubari hesTan, r<strong>is</strong> Semdeg <strong>is</strong><br />

gafrin<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si. CemTv<strong>is</strong> ucnobia, r<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb saubrobdnen<br />

<strong>is</strong>ini am Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> dros”[43,286].<br />

amgvarad, SeiZleba gaCndes kiTxva: horTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>sakavSirebeli gzebi iyo Tu ara hes<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> a. haushofer<strong>is</strong><br />

saubr<strong>is</strong> msvlelob<strong>is</strong> erT-erTi Tema (12-15 april<strong>is</strong> dros). 19-<br />

20 april<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo monacemebSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> cnoba im<strong>is</strong><br />

Taobaze, rom hesi gafrin<strong>da</strong> madridSi, raTa pira<strong>da</strong>d ga<strong>da</strong>eca<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> ultimatumi frankosaTv<strong>is</strong>, Tuki germanelebi<br />

SeiWrebodnen espaneTSi <strong>da</strong> aiRebdnen gibraltars. 16 aprils<br />

s. horsa <strong>da</strong> batlers Sor<strong>is</strong> gamarTuli saubr<strong>is</strong> dros,<br />

batlerma <strong>da</strong>amSvi<strong>da</strong> espaneT<strong>is</strong> elCi: cixesimagre tobruki jer<br />

kidev ingl<strong>is</strong>elTa xelSia <strong>da</strong> karga<strong>da</strong>a gamagrebuli. <strong>swored</strong>,<br />

am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT hes<strong>is</strong> saxeli pirvelad gamoCn<strong>da</strong><br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> sagareo saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>tros saqaRaldeSi.<br />

a. haushofer<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>el megobars, hercog hamiltons 10<br />

ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> Rames ukve scodnia, rom alfred horn<strong>is</strong> ∗ fsevdonimiT<br />

Casuli mfrinavi r. hesi iyo. u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivSi vkiTxulobT:<br />

,,Cemma mdivanma momaxsena, rom Sotlandii<strong>da</strong>n telefonze<br />

mirekav<strong>da</strong> hercogi hamiltoni. igi iJineb<strong>da</strong>, saqme<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelob<strong>is</strong> sakiTxs exebao. me vTxove<br />

∗<br />

sainteresoa, r. hes<strong>is</strong> am fsevdonim<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>toria. am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT mravali<br />

varaudia gamoTqmuli. RAF-<strong>is</strong> maior<strong>is</strong>, greham donald<strong>is</strong> azriT saxeli alfredi anglosaqsurad<br />

AAlf anu Olf-i, germanulad Seesabameba Rot Olf-s, roml<strong>is</strong> JReradobac r. hess<br />

TiTqos Zalian moswon<strong>da</strong>. mkvlevarTa mniSvnelovani nawil<strong>is</strong> mosazrebiT, fsevdonim<strong>is</strong><br />

arCeva ganapiroba werileb<strong>is</strong> bolos m<strong>is</strong>i namdvili saxel<strong>is</strong> wina asos H-s gamoyenebam.<br />

Cven viziarebT mkvlevarTa im mosazrebas, vinc miiCnevs, rom r. hesma saxeli - alfredi -<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i umcrosi Zm<strong>is</strong>agan <strong>is</strong>esxa, romelic wleb<strong>is</strong> manZilze nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong><br />

sazRvargareTuli organizaci<strong>is</strong> ufros<strong>is</strong> ernst boles moadgile iyo. gvari horni, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

sidedr<strong>is</strong> meore qmr<strong>is</strong>agan aiRo, romelic germaniaSi msaxiobi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

110

ekens, gaego Tu r<strong>is</strong>i Tqma sur<strong>da</strong> mas CemTv<strong>is</strong>. hercogTan<br />

satelefono saubri<strong>da</strong>n, ramdenime wuT<strong>is</strong> Semdeg <strong>is</strong> (brekeni)<br />

momibrun<strong>da</strong> sityvebiT: ,,SotlandiaSi r. hesi<br />

Camofrin<strong>da</strong>o”[9,48].<br />

friad <strong>da</strong>mafiqrebelia, britaneT<strong>is</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong> pozicia<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> pirovneb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sadgenad, aivon kirkpatrik<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> jon<br />

saimon<strong>is</strong> sagangebod gamoZaxeb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. u. CerCili an<br />

sabolood ar iyo <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli mfrinav<strong>is</strong> vinaobaSi <strong>da</strong><br />

am<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> saTanado mtkicebulebani sWirdebo<strong>da</strong>, an<strong>da</strong> man<br />

winaswar ico<strong>da</strong> mosalodneli vizit<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong><br />

sxveb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> Tval<strong>is</strong> axvev<strong>is</strong> mizniT gaaWianura<br />

identifikaci<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgen<strong>is</strong> dro. Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad, qveyn<strong>is</strong> premiermin<strong>is</strong>trma<br />

parlamentSi r. hes<strong>is</strong> vizitze axsna-ganmartebiTi<br />

sax<strong>is</strong> gancxadeb<strong>is</strong> gakeTebac <strong>da</strong>agviana. aman parlament<strong>is</strong><br />

wevrebs Sor<strong>is</strong> didi ukmayofileba gamoiwvia, rac ukve<br />

xmamaRali replikeb<strong>is</strong> saxiT ga<strong>is</strong>mo<strong>da</strong>. vfiqrobT, u. CerCils<br />

an aseTi sax<strong>is</strong> gancxadeb<strong>is</strong> gakeTeba mofiqrebuli ar qon<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rasac a<strong>da</strong>sturebs sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>trTan, a. idenTan m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

gacxarebuli kamaTi, tipiuri gancxadeb<strong>is</strong> SedgenasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT an premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n es manevri swori<br />

iyo, Tu r. hes<strong>is</strong> saqme konfidencialurob<strong>is</strong> imijiT un<strong>da</strong><br />

SeniRbuliyo. rodesac pirovneba an individTa jgufi<br />

<strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv elodeba aseT fantastiur ambavze<br />

oficialurad raimes Setyobas, m<strong>is</strong>i goneba saam<strong>is</strong>od<br />

mTlianad mobilizebulia <strong>da</strong> ufro aqtiuri, vidre<br />

Cveulebriv dros. amitom, mas un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sce absoluturi<br />

simarTle an<strong>da</strong> momx<strong>da</strong>r<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb araferi Tqva. amomwuravi<br />

cnobeb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong>Tanave pirovneb<strong>is</strong>admi <strong>da</strong>uflebuli<br />

111

mousvenroba qreba, magram SemdgomSi didia m<strong>is</strong>iT am saqm<strong>is</strong><br />

msvlelobiT <strong>da</strong>intereseb<strong>is</strong> uryevi survili. meore<br />

SemTxvevaSi wavawydebiT aSkara winaaRmdegobas, magram miT<br />

ukeTesi. am dros pirovneb<strong>is</strong> Sinagani ÞZaleb<strong>is</strong> jer<br />

neitralizeba, Semdeg ki Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan moduneba xdeba. Tumca,<br />

individs yovelTv<strong>is</strong> eqneba simarTl<strong>is</strong> gageb<strong>is</strong> survili,<br />

magram mas naklebi reaqciiT Sexvdeba. am SemTxvevaSi, did<br />

rols TamaSobs dro<strong>is</strong> faqtori <strong>da</strong> masTan pirveli pir<strong>is</strong><br />

moCvenebiTi <strong>da</strong>uinteresebulob<strong>is</strong> vizualuri xedva. aseTi<br />

interpretaci<strong>is</strong> matarebelia britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

saqcieli, rodesac mSrali, arafr<strong>is</strong>mTqmeli gancxadeba<br />

gaakeTa parlamentSi hes<strong>is</strong> Camofreni<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime dR<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg. amasTan, man ar upasuxa arcerTi deputat<strong>is</strong> SekiTxvas<br />

am faqt<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. samTavrobo kuluarebSi cxare kamaTi<br />

mimdinareob<strong>da</strong> CerCilsa <strong>da</strong> idens Sor<strong>is</strong>. cnobilia, rom<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma ramdenime varianti Seadgina, magram sagareo<br />

saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>trma uaryo <strong>is</strong>ini. bolos telefon<strong>is</strong> yurmilic<br />

ki <strong>da</strong>ugdo premiers kategoriuli sityvebiT: ,,gancxadeba ar<br />

iqneba”, imdenad ar moewona Sedgenili gancxadeb<strong>is</strong> asli. un<strong>da</strong><br />

vivaraudoT, rom es exebo<strong>da</strong> yalbi gancxadeb<strong>is</strong> gakeTebas,<br />

rasac ufro meti gamoxmaureba moyvebo<strong>da</strong> parlament<strong>is</strong><br />

wevreb<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n. amitom, marTebuli gaxl<strong>da</strong>T iden<strong>is</strong> pozicia<br />

gancxadeb<strong>is</strong> gaukeTeblob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. Tumca, u. CerCili,<br />

rogorc premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri pasux<strong>is</strong>mgeblobas grZnob<strong>da</strong> TemTa<br />

palat<strong>is</strong> winaSe, radgan <strong>is</strong> konstituciiT valdebuli iyo<br />

deputateb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebze angariSi<br />

waredgina.<br />

aSS-s diplomatiuri korpus<strong>is</strong> warmomadgenl<strong>is</strong> hariman<strong>is</strong><br />

112

mogonebeb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT, 1941 wl<strong>is</strong> 28-30 seqtembers, moskovSi<br />

gamarTuli konferenci<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, sami dR<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>savleT<strong>is</strong> delegaciaTa xelmZRvanelebi, harimani <strong>da</strong><br />

biverbruki stalins 3-3 saaT<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi esaubrebodnen.<br />

saubr<strong>is</strong> procesSi stalinma ikiTxa hesi. <strong>is</strong>, rogorc Can<strong>da</strong>,<br />

Zalian <strong>da</strong>interes<strong>da</strong> biverbruk<strong>is</strong> monayoliT <strong>da</strong> amb<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>euli<br />

SefasebiT. stalinma aRniSna, rom m<strong>is</strong>i azriT, hesi ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> TxovniT ar gamgzavrebula, magram samagierod m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

nebarTviT wavi<strong>da</strong>, rasac biverbruki <strong>da</strong>eTanxma.<br />

biverbruk<strong>is</strong> naambob<strong>is</strong> Tanaxmad, hesi ingl<strong>is</strong>Si britaneli<br />

ar<strong>is</strong>tokrati<strong>is</strong> arc Tu didi jguf<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT, CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

sawinaaRmdego mTavrob<strong>is</strong> Seqmn<strong>is</strong> mosazrebiT Camovi<strong>da</strong>. es<br />

ganpirobebuli iyo germaniasTan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> mizniT, r<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg germania ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT ganaxorcieleb<strong>da</strong><br />

ruseTze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmas. ,,ioseb stalini kmayofilebiT <strong>is</strong>men<strong>da</strong><br />

biverbruk<strong>is</strong> saintereso <strong>da</strong> detalur komentarebs” _<br />

vkiTxulobT aSS-<strong>is</strong> saxelmwifo mdivn<strong>is</strong> mudmivi moadgil<strong>is</strong>,<br />

hari hopkins<strong>is</strong> memuarebSi.<br />

rogorc Cans, stalin<strong>is</strong> kmayofileb<strong>is</strong> gamomxatveli sax<strong>is</strong><br />

reaqcia m<strong>is</strong>ave azrebTan Sesabam<strong>is</strong>obaSi mosvl<strong>is</strong><br />

mimaniSnebelia. am dros, gar<strong>da</strong>uvalia mosaubr<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />

simpaTiuri ganwyob<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>uflebac, rac individ<strong>is</strong><br />

msazRvrelobiTi buneb<strong>is</strong> nebayoflobiT gamovlenazea<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. <strong>swored</strong>, stalinTan Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> Semdeg,<br />

biverbruki meore front<strong>is</strong> gaxsn<strong>is</strong> kategoriuli momxre<br />

Seiqna. amasTan, ingl<strong>is</strong>Si <strong>da</strong>brunebulma gaakeTa sayovelTao<br />

gancxadeba ruseT<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>udebeli <strong>da</strong> saWiro <strong>da</strong>xmareb<strong>is</strong><br />

aRmoCen<strong>is</strong> Taobaze. ,,Cven ruseTTan erTad vinawilebT yvela<br />

113

<strong>da</strong>rdsa <strong>da</strong> sixaruls”_ erTmniSvnelovnad <strong>da</strong>sZina lordma.<br />

mocemul SemTxvevaSi, ingl<strong>is</strong>eli lord<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> sabWoTa<br />

kavSir<strong>is</strong> meTaur<strong>is</strong> mosazrebebi erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong>emTxva. maTi<br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n, saRi azrovneb<strong>is</strong> arseboba <strong>da</strong> Semdeg, am azreb<strong>is</strong><br />

gamoTqma <strong>is</strong>eT saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelob<strong>is</strong> sakiTxze,<br />

rogoricaa r. hes<strong>is</strong> gafrena, m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> motiv<strong>is</strong> lakonuri axsn<strong>is</strong><br />

erTgvari logikuri <strong>da</strong>sasrulia. ioseb stalin - lord<br />

biverbruk<strong>is</strong> saubari, agreTve, gadmocemulia 1983 wels<br />

gamoqveynebul dokumentur masalebSi: ,,sabWour-ingl<strong>is</strong>uri<br />

urTierTobebi didi samamulo om<strong>is</strong> dros 1941-1944w.w.” am<br />

dokumentebi<strong>da</strong>n irkveva, rom maT Sor<strong>is</strong> Sexvedra 30<br />

seqtembers Sedga. stalins ukiTxavs biverbruk<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>:<br />

,,rogor ar<strong>is</strong> hesi” am ukanasknels uTqvams: ,,me viyavi masTan 8<br />

seqtembers”. stalin<strong>is</strong> ironiul kiTxvaze: ,,gana <strong>is</strong> aseTi<br />

stumarTmoyvareao”_ biverbruks maxvilgonivruli pasuxi<br />

gaucia: ,,<strong>is</strong> imyofeba mavTulxlarTebiT Semovlebul saxlSi,<br />

g<strong>is</strong>osebiani sarkmleb<strong>is</strong> miRma ∗ . man gadmomca sakuTari xeliT<br />

<strong>da</strong>werili <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 40-50 gverdiani memorandumi, romelSic<br />

ruseT<strong>is</strong> sawinaaRmdego Tez<strong>is</strong>ia ganviTarebuli. <strong>is</strong><br />

sayvedurob<strong>da</strong>, rom ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>rCen<strong>is</strong> mizniT Camosuls<br />

cixeSi amyofebdnen <strong>da</strong> axloblebTan mimower<strong>is</strong> nebas ar<br />

aZlevdnen. biverbrukTan saubr<strong>is</strong> procesSi _ rogorc Tavad<br />

lordi aRniSnavs, _ hesi <strong>da</strong>JinebiT moiTxov<strong>da</strong> hitlerTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSireb<strong>is</strong> uflebas. ,,Cemi piradi SexedulebiT, romelsac<br />

CerCili ar iziarebs _ ganacxa<strong>da</strong> biverbrukma stalinTan<br />

saubarSi, _ hesi ingl<strong>is</strong>Si viRac<strong>is</strong> nebarTviT Camovi<strong>da</strong>, radgan<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>i momxreeb<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong><br />

∗ e. i. sxvagvarad patimrob<strong>is</strong> Cveul formaSio – (m.f.)<br />

114

sawinaaRmdego moZraoba gamoewvia. Tumca, rogorc irkveva, mas<br />

SeTanxmebul adgilze ar <strong>da</strong>xvdnen, (mag. kent<strong>is</strong> hercogi...) an<br />

kidev ar miawodes saWiro informacia. amasobaSi mas sawvavi<br />

gamoelia <strong>da</strong> paraSutiT <strong>da</strong>Sveba moux<strong>da</strong>. CerCili ki fiqrobs,<br />

rom hesi aranormaluria”[1,677].<br />

biverbruk<strong>is</strong> mier xsenebuli memorandum<strong>is</strong> mxolod<br />

saxelwodeba: ,,germania-ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> urTierTobani germaniabolSevikeb<strong>is</strong><br />

om<strong>is</strong> kuTxi<strong>da</strong>n”, Sesulia u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivSi[1,<br />

18], romelic 1974 wels CerCil<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>badebi<strong>da</strong>n 100 wl<strong>is</strong>TavTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gaixsna. imJamad, samecniero mivlinebaSi myofi<br />

qarTveli profesor<strong>is</strong>, l. svanaZ<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Jinebuli moTxovn<strong>is</strong><br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, am dokument<strong>is</strong> teqst<strong>is</strong> gamomzeureba ar mox<strong>da</strong>.<br />

rogorc Tavad profesori gvamcnobs: mravali mizezeb<strong>is</strong><br />

motaniT, maT scades dokument<strong>is</strong> ararsebob<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stureba.<br />

u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivSi mocemuli erT-erTi dokument<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvelze britaneT<strong>is</strong> mTavrobas saqm<strong>is</strong> kursSi Cauyenebia<br />

irlandi<strong>is</strong> respublik<strong>is</strong> saxelmwifo min<strong>is</strong>tri, r. h. melvili.<br />

amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, sayuradReboa a. kirkpatrik<strong>is</strong><br />

irlandiaSi gamgzavreb<strong>is</strong> faqti[CerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivi1,4], london<strong>is</strong><br />

sapatimroSi hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kiTxv<strong>is</strong> Semdeg. Tumca saelCos yofili<br />

wevr<strong>is</strong> gamgzavrebas am qveyanaSi, piradi biznesiT xsnian. es<br />

versia usafuZvlod gveCveneba. vfiqrobT, kirkpatrikma<br />

melvils hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>kiTxv<strong>is</strong> angariSi pira<strong>da</strong>d warudgina, <strong>is</strong>eve<br />

rogorc kremlSi biverbrukma stalins. savaraudoa, rom<br />

kirkpatriki am<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> specialurad gaemgzavra, xolo<br />

biverbruki TiTqos aramiznobrivad, konferenciaze <strong>da</strong>swreb<strong>is</strong><br />

motiviT, magram am sakiTx<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> sakmaod momzadebuli.<br />

gavixsenoT, rogor iwyebs saubars stalinTan: ,,me viyavi<br />

115

masTan 9 seqtembers”. biverbrukma ico<strong>da</strong>, rom stalinTan am<br />

Temaze saubari gar<strong>da</strong>uvali iyo <strong>da</strong> rogorc Cans, am<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong><br />

saTanadod momzadebula. albaT, mas sur<strong>da</strong> ganawyenebuli<br />

stalin<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mSvideba, masTan zemoTmoxsenebuli ruseT<strong>is</strong><br />

sawinaaRmdego memorandumze ,,alaparakebiT”. amitomac <strong>is</strong>aubra<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> wvlilze hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenaSi, CerCil<strong>is</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>yenebasa <strong>da</strong> ruseT<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>zavebaze, magram <strong>da</strong>umala <strong>is</strong>, rac kremlSi 1944 wl<strong>is</strong><br />

oqtomberSi britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>trTan saubr<strong>is</strong>as Tavad<br />

stalinma ironiiT Tqva: ,,r. hesi Seityues ingl<strong>is</strong>Si, am<strong>is</strong> ukan<br />

un<strong>da</strong> idges britaneT<strong>is</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxurio”[1,179] [43,466].<br />

sabWoTa lideri mSvi<strong>da</strong>d <strong>is</strong>men<strong>da</strong> ukve kargad nacnob<br />

azrebs. m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> mniSvneloba qon<strong>da</strong> imas, rom yovelive amas<br />

TviT ingl<strong>is</strong>eli lordi, CerCil<strong>is</strong> megobari uyvebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

xazgasasmelia, stalinTan biverbruk<strong>is</strong> saubr<strong>is</strong><br />

diplomatiuri stili. vfiqrobT, saubari man CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

miTiTeb<strong>is</strong> Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad warmarTa. erT<strong>is</strong> mxriv, mas swad<strong>da</strong><br />

aseTi mniSvnelovani azreb<strong>is</strong> gadmocemiT <strong>da</strong>emala meore, kidev<br />

ufro mniSvnelovani, ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> roli r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

gafrenaSi. meor<strong>is</strong> mxriv, man sabWoTa diqtator<strong>is</strong> TvalSi win<br />

wamoswia ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong> renome, xazi gausva ra<br />

germani<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n sabWoTa kavSir<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg germani<strong>is</strong>agan<br />

SemoTavazebul zavze uaryofiT pasuxs. am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, stalini<br />

kidev ufro met<strong>is</strong> gagebiT ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>interesebuliyo <strong>da</strong> arc<br />

<strong>da</strong>interesebula. aki <strong>is</strong> mdumared, Rimilnarevi saxiT usmen<strong>da</strong><br />

lords. kremlSi, u. CerCilTan gamarTuli saubr<strong>is</strong> dros<br />

stalinma hercogi hamiltonic axsena hes<strong>is</strong> saqmesTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rac premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma kategoriuli toniT<br />

116

uaryo.<br />

u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivSi <strong>da</strong>culia kidev erTi dokumenti,<br />

romelic man Tav<strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>trs gaugzavna[1,.11-12]. igi<br />

emyareba aviaci<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> mier Sinagan saqmeTa<br />

min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong>admi 2 ivn<strong>is</strong> gagzavnil werils. sinkleri wer<strong>da</strong><br />

herbert mor<strong>is</strong>ons britaneT<strong>is</strong> komun<strong>is</strong>turi parti<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

gavrcelebuli pamflet<strong>is</strong> Taobaze, romelic hercogi<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> r. hesTan pirad megobrobas Seexebo<strong>da</strong>. sinkleri<br />

atyobineb<strong>da</strong> mor<strong>is</strong>ons, rom hercogs, romelic samefo<br />

sahaero Zaleb<strong>is</strong> oficeria, ,,uSualod ga<strong>da</strong>sces pamflet<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>beWdili varianti”[CerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivi1,7], romelic m<strong>is</strong><br />

reputacias azianebso. amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, komparti<strong>is</strong><br />

xelmZRvanelma hari holitma ganacxa<strong>da</strong> sasamarTlos uwyeb<strong>is</strong><br />

miReb<strong>is</strong>Tanave, hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv mowmed ayvan<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

CerCili am<strong>is</strong> kategoriuli winaaRmdegi wasula, Tumca <strong>is</strong><br />

miuReblad ar Tvli<strong>da</strong> hamilton<strong>is</strong> survils Tav<strong>is</strong>i Rirseba<br />

sasamarTloSi <strong>da</strong>ecva. CerCili Tav<strong>is</strong> uars hes<strong>is</strong><br />

halucinaciebiT xsni<strong>da</strong>: ,,aravin ic<strong>is</strong>, ras ityv<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong> jvaredini<br />

<strong>da</strong>kiTxv<strong>is</strong> dros”[1,12]. rogorc Cans, britaneT<strong>is</strong> premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

survili gaiTval<strong>is</strong>wines, radgan CvenTv<strong>is</strong> ucnobia<br />

saqm<strong>is</strong> msvleloba. faqti erTia, CerCil<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n hercog<strong>is</strong><br />

Rirseb<strong>is</strong> reabilitaci<strong>is</strong> mcdeloba, kidev erTxel<br />

TvalnaTliv <strong>da</strong>sturdeba. maTi piradi urTierTob<strong>is</strong> motiviT,<br />

msgavs<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Sveba warmosaxv<strong>is</strong> ubralo laminirebad migvaCnia.<br />

u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> mkveTrad gamoxatuli pozicia, hercog<strong>is</strong> Rirseb<strong>is</strong><br />

reabilitaci<strong>is</strong> Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT, Cveul kriteriumebs cdeba <strong>da</strong><br />

m<strong>is</strong>i mxri<strong>da</strong>n, es marto keTilSobiluri midgomiT ar ar<strong>is</strong><br />

nakarnaxevi. movaleobaTa diapazonze valdebuleb<strong>is</strong> warmoCena<br />

117

qvecnobieri impulsia, roml<strong>is</strong> sajaro gamovlena<br />

aucileblob<strong>is</strong> instiqtiTaa nakarnaxevi. amitom, individma<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Caklas valdebuleb<strong>is</strong> spontaluri SegrZneba, Tu m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

warmoqmn<strong>is</strong> motivi realur Semecnebas bolomde ar<br />

eqvemdebareba. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n hercog<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva<br />

m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> angariSgasawev moTxovnilebad iqca. premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

optimaluri xedva SorsmWvretelob<strong>is</strong> unariT gamoirCeo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

man ico<strong>da</strong>, rom hamiltons mxolod hes<strong>is</strong> nacnobob<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> ar<br />

mouwev<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva sasamarTloSi. aq iyo ufro<br />

mniSvnelovani, rac sasamarTlo msvlelob<strong>is</strong>as uTuod<br />

gamoikveTebo<strong>da</strong>. ,,amitom _ wers uinstoni _ hercogi<br />

hamiltoni mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc nu gamoekideba Tav<strong>is</strong>i reabilitaci<strong>is</strong><br />

mizniT, sasamarTloSi Sesatan sarCels-o”[CerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivi1,12].<br />

nuTu hercogi hamiltoni gaxveuli iyo hes<strong>is</strong> skan<strong>da</strong>lur<br />

ambavSi <strong>da</strong> am saqmeSi m<strong>is</strong>i saxel<strong>is</strong> gamJRavneba premiermin<strong>is</strong>trs<br />

politikuri anotacieb<strong>is</strong> CrdilqveS dgom<strong>is</strong><br />

saSualebas ar m<strong>is</strong>cem<strong>da</strong>. gamoTqmuli erT-erTi m<strong>is</strong>azreb<strong>is</strong><br />

Tanaxmad, ,,<strong>da</strong>upatiJebel” germanel vizitors CerCili <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

zogi kolegac elo<strong>da</strong>. sxvagvarad, ratom ar gauxsnes mtr<strong>is</strong><br />

sabrZolo tip<strong>is</strong> TviTmfrinavs cecxli sazRvr<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>kveT<strong>is</strong><br />

dros. rogorc cnobilia, <strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>afiqsira sara<strong>da</strong>ro samsaxurma<br />

<strong>da</strong> ori slovakeli mfrinavic <strong>da</strong>adevna. mfrinavTagan erTerTi<br />

serJanti vaclav baumani, fsevdonimiT ,,feliqsi’’ meore<br />

serJanti leopold Sromi, metsaxelad ,,hol<strong>da</strong>” gaxl<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

haerSi aWrilebs male mouvi<strong>da</strong>T ukan <strong>da</strong>bruneb<strong>is</strong> miTiTeba. es<br />

imdenad <strong>da</strong>ujerebeli iyo TviT mfrinaveb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>ac, rom am<br />

miTiTebam ganmeorebiTi brZanebiTi xasiaTi miiRo. meti<br />

<strong>da</strong>majereblob<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> moviyvanT maT dialogs:<br />

118

kontroli: ,,feliqs”, rekavs ,,kastli”. Sewyvite aqcia <strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>brundi ukan. <strong>da</strong>mi<strong>da</strong>sture.<br />

,,feliqsi”: helou ,,kastl”, feliqsi gpasuxobs: <strong>is</strong> sasrol<br />

manZilzea.<br />

,,kastli”: bodiSi, feliqs, Zvelo megobaro, es<br />

SeuZlebelia, axlave un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>brunde.<br />

feliqsi: wyeulimc iyaviT, maS ratomRa <strong>da</strong>gvadevneT”<br />

amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, eskadrili<strong>is</strong> meTaurma jon<br />

simpsonma Tav<strong>is</strong>i xelmZRvanelob<strong>is</strong>gan axsna-ganmarteba<br />

moiTxova, magram garkveuli pasuxi ar miuRia. Tu gavixsenebT,<br />

rom aviaci<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvaneli hercogi hamiltoni iyo, es faqti<br />

komentars aRar saWiroebs. <strong>da</strong>vZenT, u. CerCili elo<strong>da</strong> r. hess<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si, xolo hercogi hamiltoni m<strong>is</strong> germanel megobars a.<br />

haushofers, amitom es ukanaskneli CerCilTan saubr<strong>is</strong><br />

procesSi gaocebas ver malav<strong>da</strong>, premieri ki mas mSvi<strong>da</strong>d<br />

usmen<strong>da</strong>.<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si CasvliT, CerCils om<strong>is</strong> SeCereb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

milionobiT a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>rCen<strong>is</strong> Sansi eZleo<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />

samwuxarod, man es gza uaryo, radgan mas xel<strong>is</strong>uflebaSi<br />

mxolod omi inarCuneb<strong>da</strong>. amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

arqivSi mocemulia, moskovSi ingl<strong>is</strong>eli elC<strong>is</strong> ser<br />

arCilbad klark ker<strong>is</strong> mosazreba, rom hess kavSiri qon<strong>da</strong> e. w.<br />

mSvidob<strong>is</strong> Tu zav<strong>is</strong> partiasTan, roml<strong>is</strong> wevrebi mas<br />

pirdebodnen ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Camosvl<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi ara marto<br />

zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>debas germaniasTan, aramed bolSevikeb<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg<br />

jvarosnul omSi britaneT<strong>is</strong> Cabmasac. klark ker<strong>is</strong> londonSi<br />

gamogzavnili depeSebi<strong>da</strong>n cxadia, rom mSvidob<strong>is</strong> partia<br />

meore front<strong>is</strong> gaxsnas seriozulad ewinaaRmdegebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

119

unebrivia, parti<strong>is</strong> wevrebi germaniasTan <strong>da</strong>zaveb<strong>is</strong> momxreni<br />

iyvnen, meore front<strong>is</strong> gaxsna ki germani<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg ingl<strong>is</strong>aSS-<strong>is</strong><br />

erTobliv intervencias <strong>is</strong>axav<strong>da</strong> miznad. araerTgz<strong>is</strong><br />

avRniSneT, rom britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma ico<strong>da</strong> yvela <strong>is</strong><br />

samSvidobo molaparakebaTa cikli, rac hessa <strong>da</strong> mSvidob<strong>is</strong><br />

parti<strong>is</strong> rig wevrebs Sor<strong>is</strong> mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>. amitom CerCilma<br />

<strong>da</strong>qsasa yvelaze gabeduli germanofilebi. amasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, sainteresoa gavixsenoT harold nikolson<strong>is</strong><br />

moswrebuli gamonaTqvami: ,,Tanamedrove progermanizmi ar<strong>is</strong><br />

talRa <strong>da</strong> ara moqceva. igi mxolod meryeob<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

s<strong>is</strong>ust<strong>is</strong> gamovlen<strong>is</strong> Sedegia”[24,248].<br />

rogorc Cans, hitler<strong>is</strong> moadgiles ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Cafren<strong>is</strong>as<br />

situacia radikalurad Secvlili <strong>da</strong>xv<strong>da</strong>. ,,ukve yvelaferi<br />

gviani iyo”_ aRniSna kidec ,,a<strong>da</strong>mianTa modgm<strong>is</strong> patimarma”[18,13].<br />

<strong>swored</strong>, am<strong>is</strong> gaazreb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg hesma Tavi mSvidob<strong>is</strong> despanad<br />

aRiara, Tumca ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> mtredob<strong>is</strong>” pretenzia m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Cafren<strong>is</strong> ugunuri gamarTleb<strong>is</strong> c<strong>da</strong> iyo. u. CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

paTetikuri ganacxadi ,,hesi Cemi tyvea”, am gafren<strong>is</strong> erT-erT<br />

kvanZs xsn<strong>is</strong>. SesaZlebelia, premier<strong>is</strong> saidumlo iniciativiT<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile did britaneTSi SIS-<strong>is</strong> specialuri<br />

ganyofilebebma MI5 <strong>da</strong> MI6 Seityues. rogorc irkveva,<br />

<strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> es uwyebebi, uSualod, premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong>,<br />

survil<strong>is</strong>amebr, m<strong>is</strong>ave <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebaSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong>. cnobilia,<br />

rom uinstoni germanel opozicionerebTan awarmoeb<strong>da</strong><br />

molaparakebas. 1939 wels ma<strong>is</strong>Si londonSi Camovi<strong>da</strong><br />

opozici<strong>is</strong> ,,ideuri” xelmZRvaneli karl herdeleri, romelic<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>trs Sexv<strong>da</strong>. saubari ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d germaniaSi<br />

arsebuli opoziciuri jguf<strong>is</strong> irgvliv mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>, razec<br />

120

CerCils didi <strong>da</strong>intereseba gamoumJRavnebia.<br />

analogiuri, rigi faruli kontaqtebi <strong>da</strong> molaparakebebi<br />

xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong> h. gering<strong>is</strong> meTvalyureob<strong>is</strong> qveS. <strong>da</strong>viwyoT<br />

imiT, rom m<strong>is</strong>i saidumlo mrCeveli, voltati 1939 wl<strong>is</strong><br />

ivl<strong>is</strong>Si imyofebo<strong>da</strong> londonSi ormagi <strong>da</strong>valebiT. <strong>da</strong>valeba,<br />

Seexebo<strong>da</strong> molaparakebebs veSapebze nadirob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb,<br />

paralelurad ki awarmoeb<strong>da</strong> araoficialur molaparakebebs.<br />

kiTxvaze: ,,berlinSi Tu <strong>da</strong>interesdnen amiT” man upasuxa: ,,ra<br />

Tqma un<strong>da</strong>! TviT geringi maSin Tav<strong>is</strong> mamulSi, karinxolSi<br />

imyofebo<strong>da</strong>, magram berlinSi <strong>da</strong>rCa m<strong>is</strong>i adiutanti<br />

bodenStaci, romelsac me regularulad movaxsenebdi Cemi<br />

molaparakebeb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb”[38,230].<br />

rogorc cnobilia, voltats qon<strong>da</strong> sakuTari memorandumi,<br />

romelic miznad <strong>is</strong>axav<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> SeTanxmeb<strong>is</strong><br />

miRwevas. germaniaSi, am dro<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, azrTa sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaoba iyo.<br />

ioaxim fon ribentropi Tvli<strong>da</strong>, rom ,,poloneTze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxm<strong>is</strong><br />

SemTxvevaSi ingl<strong>is</strong>elebi ar ibrZoleben <strong>da</strong> amitom germaniaingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

TanamSromloba araferSi ar gvWirdeba.’’ geringi ki<br />

am<strong>is</strong> sawinaaRmdego azrze idga. amitom voltat<strong>is</strong><br />

memorandum<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb man fiurers moaxsena, ramac Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv<br />

am ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>intereseba gamoiwvia:<br />

_,,kidev vin iziarebs Tqven mosazrebas _ ukiTxavs<br />

hitlers.<br />

_,,SemiZlia <strong>da</strong>vasaxelo amerik<strong>is</strong> elCi londonSi Jozef<br />

kenedi. m<strong>is</strong>i azri ar<strong>is</strong> Zalian mniSvnelovani, radgan Cemi Rrma<br />

rwmeniT germanias ar SeuZlia imoqmedos martom, Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />

amerikeleb<strong>is</strong> gareSe...<br />

_,,kidev vin”_ ufro Rrmad CaeWi<strong>da</strong> sakiTxs hitleri<br />

121

_,,Cveni elCi londonSi dirkseni, sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

saxelmwifo mdivani fon vaiczekeri[38,229].<br />

un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom voltati ingl<strong>is</strong>eli partnioreb<strong>is</strong><br />

ricxvi<strong>da</strong>n asaxelebs ser horas vilsons, <strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong><br />

e. w. ,,samoqalaqo samsaxurs”, praqtikulad premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> axlo mrCeveli gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. voltats araerTi<br />

Sexvedra qonia masTan rogorc <strong>da</strong>uning stritze, aseve<br />

xazin<strong>is</strong> SenobaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mas kabineti gaaCn<strong>da</strong>, romelsac aseTi<br />

faruli molaparakebeb<strong>is</strong> dros iyeneb<strong>da</strong>. ,,maxsovs, _ igonebs<br />

voltati _ Cemi londonSi morigi gamgzavreb<strong>is</strong> win, minaxula<br />

<strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> Sefma admiralma kanar<strong>is</strong>ma, romelmac miTxra:<br />

,,Tqven male miiRebT <strong>da</strong>valebas ingl<strong>is</strong>elebTan molaparakeb<strong>is</strong><br />

warmarTv<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb”-o[38,.229].<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenamde, am qveyanasTan<br />

molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>wyeb<strong>is</strong> nia<strong>da</strong>gi <strong>is</strong>injebo<strong>da</strong>. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />

diplomatiuri arxeb<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebiT, am qveyanasTan faruli<br />

molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>wyeb<strong>is</strong> perspeqtiva imdenad didi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T,<br />

rom am m<strong>is</strong>ias pompezurob<strong>is</strong> iersaxes sZen<strong>da</strong>. amitom m<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesrulebaze, ukve <strong>da</strong>saxelebul pirTagan ∗ , uari arav<strong>is</strong><br />

uTqvams. h. gerings ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> sakuTari<br />

kontaqtebi gaaCn<strong>da</strong>. am rangSi, voltat<strong>is</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>, un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>vasaxeloT Svedi mrewveli a. vener_greni, romelic wleb<strong>is</strong><br />

manZilze megobrob<strong>da</strong> geringTan. <strong>is</strong> Sveduri<br />

eleqtroteqnikuri firm<strong>is</strong> ,,eleqtroluqs<strong>is</strong>” patroni iyo.<br />

didi xn<strong>is</strong> win kavSiri hqon<strong>da</strong> krupTan. rogorc irkveva,<br />

gering<strong>is</strong> TxovniT vener-greni 1939 wl<strong>is</strong> ivl<strong>is</strong>Si Cavi<strong>da</strong><br />

londonSi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sca Cemberlens wina<strong>da</strong>debebi ,,koloniur<br />

∗ vgul<strong>is</strong>xmobT, ernest bolesa <strong>da</strong> h. gerings<br />

122

sakiTxSi komprom<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong>” <strong>da</strong> saerTod, ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong><br />

komprom<strong>is</strong>uli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. gerings hyav<strong>da</strong> kidev<br />

ufro energiuli em<strong>is</strong>ari Svedi mrewveli birger <strong>da</strong>lerusi. am<br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong> gamoCena saerTaSor<strong>is</strong>o saidumlo diplomati<strong>is</strong><br />

arenaze, erTi SexedviT, SemTxveviTi iyo. magram yvelafers<br />

aqvs Tav<strong>is</strong>i mizezebi: gering<strong>is</strong> Svilma (pirveli qorwinebi<strong>da</strong>n)<br />

SvedeT<strong>is</strong> qveSevrdomma, Tomas fon kantcovma 1938 wels miiRo<br />

adgili firmaSi, romelic ekuTvno<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>leruss. <strong>da</strong>lerus<strong>is</strong><br />

kargad gacnobiT katcovi mixv<strong>da</strong>, rom uzrunvelyof<strong>da</strong><br />

mSvenier kavSirebs sitiSi <strong>da</strong> britanel konservatorebs<br />

Sor<strong>is</strong>. amitom man moipatiJa <strong>da</strong>lerusi gering<strong>is</strong> rezidenciaSi<br />

karinxolSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c man ga<strong>da</strong>sca gerings Tav<strong>is</strong>i idea: ,,om<strong>is</strong><br />

Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> moewyoT SveicariaSi gamoCenili<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>eli mrewveleb<strong>is</strong> Sexvedra geringTan. SesTavaza<br />

Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> adgilic: grafi rozen<strong>is</strong> sasaxle. faqtia, rom<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> molaparakebaTa procesSi CaerTvnen ara<br />

mxolod diplomatebi, aramed mrewvelebic. analogiur<br />

Sexvedras adgili qon<strong>da</strong> ufro adre, <strong>da</strong>lerus<strong>is</strong> iniciativiTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> xelmZRvanelobiT, sa<strong>da</strong>c ganixiles ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong><br />

urTierTob<strong>is</strong> umniSvnelovanesi problemebi. <strong>swored</strong>, am<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg <strong>da</strong>lerusma SeZlo gamosuliyo axali Sexvedr<strong>is</strong><br />

organizatorad. <strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>brun<strong>da</strong> germaniaSi <strong>da</strong> Sexv<strong>da</strong> gerings.<br />

xangrZlivi kamaT<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> adgilad ∗ ufro<br />

mizanSewonilad miiCnies <strong>da</strong>lerus<strong>is</strong> meuRl<strong>is</strong> mamuli ,,zionke<br />

n<strong>is</strong>en kog”-i, Slezvig-holSteinSi, <strong>da</strong>ni<strong>is</strong> sazRvarTan axlos.<br />

Svidi ingl<strong>is</strong>eli mrewveli Carlz spenser<strong>is</strong><br />

xelmZRvanelobiT, saTiTaod, gansxvavebuli marSutiT<br />

∗ <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli iyo Svecia, iaxta baltikaSi<br />

123

Camovidnen hamburgSi. Semdeg manqanebiT, romlebzec amarTuli<br />

iyo Sveduri droSebi, gaemarTnen ,,zionke n<strong>is</strong>en kog-Si”.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, geringi am dros <strong>is</strong>veneb<strong>da</strong> zilt<strong>is</strong><br />

kunZulze, sai<strong>da</strong>nac <strong>is</strong> wavi<strong>da</strong> maxlobel sarkinigzo<br />

sadgurze, xolo <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong> piradi matarebliT <strong>da</strong>lerus<strong>is</strong><br />

mamulSi. irkveva, rom h. geringi ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong><br />

molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> ara marto momxre, aramed aqtiuri monawilec<br />

yofila. ufro metic, 1939w. agv<strong>is</strong>tos Sua ricxvebSi ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i gafren<strong>is</strong> idea muSavdebo<strong>da</strong>. erTi SexedviT, es gegma<br />

gamoiyurebo<strong>da</strong> sufTa nac<strong>is</strong>turi stil<strong>is</strong> avantiurad. h.<br />

geringi, 1939w. seqtembri<strong>da</strong>n hitlerma Tav<strong>is</strong> memkvidred<br />

<strong>da</strong>niSna. <strong>is</strong> ,,luftvafes” msoflio om<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> amzadeb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

moulodnelad londonSi<br />

kul<strong>is</strong>ebs miRma arsebul diplomatias aqvs Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

specifikuri kanonebi, romelic logikur ganxilvebs ar<br />

eqvemdebareba. sabolood, rogorc viciT, r. hesi gafrin<strong>da</strong><br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si im momentSi, rodesac germania am qveyanasTan saomar<br />

mdgomareobaSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong>. ratom ar gafrin<strong>da</strong> geringi<br />

omamde cnobilia, rom gering<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong> gegma <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT<br />

SemuSavebuli iyo. amas a<strong>da</strong>sturebs, 1939 w. 21 agv<strong>is</strong>tos<br />

londonSi, berlinSi ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> elC<strong>is</strong>, nevil henderson<strong>is</strong><br />

gancxadeba: ,,yvelaferi mza<strong>da</strong>a im<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, rom geringma<br />

moaxdinos saidumlo Camosvla oTxSabaTs, 23-Si. Canafiqri<br />

mdgomareobs imaSi, rom <strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>jdes romeliRac cariel<br />

aerodromze, sa<strong>da</strong>c mas <strong>da</strong>xvdeba avtomanqana, romelic<br />

waiyvans CekersSi ∗ . am dro<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> momsaxure personali un<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>eTxovaT, xolo telefonebi un<strong>da</strong> gaeTiSaT. yvelaferi<br />

∗ sayuradReboa, rom Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> adgilad <strong>da</strong>saxelebulia Cekersi, CerCil<strong>is</strong> sazafxulo<br />

agaraki<br />

124

metyveleb<strong>da</strong> imaze, rom xdebo<strong>da</strong> dramatuli ambavi <strong>da</strong> Cven<br />

velodiT mxolod mtkicebulebas germani<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n”[38,237].<br />

rogorc viciT, geringi londonSi ar gafrenila. mTeli es<br />

dezorientirebuli manevri mimarTuli iyo britaneli<br />

lidereb<strong>is</strong> sifxizl<strong>is</strong> ,,moduneb<strong>is</strong>aken”, <strong>is</strong>ini jer kidev ar<br />

fiqrobdnen, rom kunZze debdnen ,,berlin<strong>is</strong> iasamans”.<br />

cnobilia, rom r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> erT-erT<br />

motivad, u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> saxel<strong>is</strong>uflebo poziciebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

CamoSoreba saxeldeba. saubaria, ingl<strong>is</strong>Si saxelmwifo<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>trialeb<strong>is</strong> mcdelobaze, romelic un<strong>da</strong><br />

ganxorcielebuliyo fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanelobiT.<br />

amitom iyo <strong>da</strong>interesebuli premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri, mesame raix<strong>is</strong><br />

romelime belad<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> miT ufro, r. hes<strong>is</strong> CamosvliT m<strong>is</strong><br />

qveyanaSi. advili SesaZlebelia, CerCils sur<strong>da</strong>, m<strong>is</strong> mimarT<br />

uaryofiTad ganwyobili e.w. ,,opozicionerTa” rigebi<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> sawinaaRmdegod moemarTa <strong>da</strong> es yvelaferi<br />

ewarmoebina SO1 <strong>da</strong> SO2 ♣ -dmi micemuli <strong>da</strong>valeb<strong>is</strong><br />

pararelurad. CvenTv<strong>is</strong> cnobilia, rom sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo uwyeb<strong>is</strong> am<br />

specialur qveganyofilebebs <strong>da</strong>avales hitler<strong>is</strong> mowamvla an<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i tansacml<strong>is</strong> momakvdinebeli baqteriiT gaJRenTa.<br />

gavixsenoT, Tu ras eubneba fiureri karl volfs m<strong>is</strong><br />

winaaRmdeg mowyobili ,,generalTa SeTqmuleb<strong>is</strong>” Sesaxeb 1944<br />

wels bergxofSi <strong>da</strong>debuli bomb<strong>is</strong> afeTqeb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg: ,,r. hesi<br />

un<strong>da</strong> CamovaxrCoT, es yvelaferi iqe<strong>da</strong>n mod<strong>is</strong>o”[37,118].<br />

vfiqrobT, hitleri miuxv<strong>da</strong> CerCils Canafiqrs, magram im<br />

wuTebSi ver gaTvala m<strong>is</strong>i moadgil<strong>is</strong> erTguleb<strong>is</strong> fasi.<br />

Tumca, mogvianebiT, man es azri uaryo. r. hesi ki sikvdil<strong>is</strong><br />

♣ SO1 – SO2(abr) Speshial operations - specsamsaxurebi<br />

125

olomde m<strong>is</strong>i erTguli <strong>da</strong>rCa. rodesac mas sapyrobileSi<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> es fraza Segnebulad uTxres, <strong>is</strong> Zalian Sewux<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>nanebiT warmoTqva: ,,marTla ase Tqva <strong>is</strong> Semirigdebo<strong>da</strong><br />

me, aucileblad Semirigdebo<strong>da</strong>.” hess meti araferi uTqvams.<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> Canafiqrma r. hes<strong>is</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

winaaRmdeg uaryofiTad ganwyob<strong>is</strong>a ar gaamarTla. samagierod,<br />

om<strong>is</strong> dros fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> ubrZolvelad xelSi<br />

Cagdebam, msoflio masStabiT mas Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi ,,popularoba”<br />

SesZina. amitom gamoacxa<strong>da</strong> man r. hesi pirad samxedro tyved,<br />

rac esoden Zvirfasi monapovari iyo, om<strong>is</strong> dros sabrZolo<br />

propagand<strong>is</strong> Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT.<br />

amrigad, r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> mizani erT<strong>is</strong> mxriv<br />

politikuri Canafiqr<strong>is</strong> ganxorcielebiT iyo motivirebuli,<br />

or frontze om<strong>is</strong> acileb<strong>is</strong> saSiSroebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare. <strong>is</strong><br />

ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d mimarTuli iyo bolSevikuri safrTx<strong>is</strong> mqone<br />

qveyn<strong>is</strong>, ruseT<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg. dezaviurebuli ingl<strong>is</strong>i ruseTTan<br />

omSi hitler<strong>is</strong> diplomatiuri revenans<strong>is</strong> morigi gamoxatuleba<br />

iyo, radgan ruseT<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>marcxeb<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan zavi<br />

droebiTi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. r. hesi did britaneTSi m<strong>is</strong>ive sityvebiT<br />

rom vTqvaT, s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong>Rvr<strong>is</strong> acileb<strong>is</strong> motiviT Cavi<strong>da</strong> anu<br />

kacTmoyvaruli m<strong>is</strong>iiT, rac gacxarebuli germania-ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

brZol<strong>is</strong> dros erTob realuri <strong>da</strong> angariSgasawevi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T.<br />

es m<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>ias <strong>da</strong>majereblob<strong>is</strong> imijiT niRbav<strong>da</strong>, rac Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad<br />

warmateb<strong>is</strong> meti Sans<strong>is</strong> Semcvelia. ase rom kargad gaazrebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>trze <strong>da</strong>miznuli m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> arsi kargad<br />

gaTvlili politikuri ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba iyo. uinston DCerCilma<br />

SeTavazebul zavze uariT upasuxa. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu premiermin<strong>is</strong>tri<br />

uars ityo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>zavebaze, m<strong>is</strong>i ga<strong>da</strong>yeneba SeeZloT<br />

126

imdroindel ar<strong>is</strong>tokratiasTan kavSir<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>myarebiT, <strong>mTavari</strong><br />

iyo TviT mefe rogor pozicias <strong>da</strong>iWer<strong>da</strong> sakiTxTan<br />

mimarTebaSi, v<strong>is</strong>Tanac audiencia un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyo hercog<br />

hamiltons, roml<strong>is</strong> ukan didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverva idga.<br />

hamiltonTan <strong>da</strong>kavSireba albrext haushofer<strong>is</strong> prerogativaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>toves, romelic imxanad hes<strong>is</strong> mrCeveli gaxl<strong>da</strong>T<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>urenovani qveyneb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxSi. hamiltoni m<strong>is</strong>i niW<strong>is</strong><br />

u<strong>da</strong>vo amRiarebeli gax<strong>da</strong>, rac maT Sor<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>megobreb<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZveli Seiqna. k. haushoferma ki r. hesi ideologiurad<br />

moamza<strong>da</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong> warmatebiT <strong>da</strong>gvirgvineb<strong>is</strong> saqmeSi. r. hesi<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i studenti iyo <strong>da</strong> masze m<strong>is</strong>i gavlena didi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. gar<strong>da</strong><br />

am<strong>is</strong>a, hesi m<strong>is</strong>i ideebiT iyo aRzrdili <strong>da</strong> Tava<strong>da</strong>c am kuTxiT<br />

qon<strong>da</strong> gaazrebuli gafren<strong>is</strong> WeSmariteba. man sxva Sedegi ver<br />

irwmuna, gar<strong>da</strong> gamarjveb<strong>is</strong>a. iqneb es m<strong>is</strong>i erTgvari s<strong>is</strong>ustec<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, magram masSi u<strong>da</strong>od ido Zal<strong>is</strong>xmeva gamarjveb<strong>is</strong><br />

miRwev<strong>is</strong> saqmeSi. am Zal<strong>is</strong>xmevam <strong>is</strong> ufro farTo asparezze<br />

gaiyvana <strong>da</strong> amitom bolomde gawia r<strong>is</strong>ki. gamarjveb<strong>is</strong> rwmenam<br />

gaaZliera <strong>da</strong> am imediT cxovrob<strong>da</strong>, maSinac ki roca imedi<br />

faqtobrivad xeli<strong>da</strong>n gamoecala. magram suliT ar gatexila,<br />

radgan sicocxl<strong>is</strong> bolomde <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli iyo am m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong><br />

mizanSewonilobos s<strong>is</strong>woreSi, es iyo <strong>mTavari</strong>.<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenas erTi mizani qon<strong>da</strong>, neb<strong>is</strong>mier<br />

SemTxvevaSi hesi wavido<strong>da</strong> Tu geringi. ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong><br />

urTierTob<strong>is</strong> sakiTxi yovelmxriv ixilebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> dR<strong>is</strong> wesrigSi<br />

idga. <strong>is</strong>injebo<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva variantebi <strong>da</strong> SemovliTi gzebic<br />

am saxelmwifosTan kavSir<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>myareb<strong>is</strong> mizniT. ufro metic,<br />

maTi SesaZleblobeb<strong>is</strong> maqsimumi amiT ar iwurebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>is</strong>ini<br />

cdilobdnen im opoziciuri talR<strong>is</strong> agorebas, rasac CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

127

sawinaaRmdego qmediTi nabijebi un<strong>da</strong> moyolo<strong>da</strong>. radgan<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri germaniasTan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> momxred ar<br />

moiazrebo<strong>da</strong>, Seiqmna <strong>da</strong>jgufeba ,,potenciurad mZlavri<br />

umciresob<strong>is</strong>a.” aseve farulad ixilebo<strong>da</strong> germaniaSi hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>yeneb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxi, romelic aucilebel winapirobad<br />

miiCneo<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> win. am Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT,<br />

Zalian aqtiurob<strong>da</strong> a. haushoferi, romelic sabolood am<br />

saqmes Seewira.<br />

128

Tavi III<br />

<strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> anonimuri variacia politikuri roleb<strong>is</strong><br />

teleologiur ganzomilebaSi<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> saidumlo samsaxur<strong>is</strong> anonimuri rol<strong>is</strong><br />

gansazRvra, rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>iaSi kargad gaazrebuli<br />

momijnave faqteb<strong>is</strong> analiz<strong>is</strong> Sedegad mimdinareobs. m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

d<strong>is</strong>balansi araerTgvarovani koordinireb<strong>is</strong> xarjze xdeba.<br />

garemoebaTa gegmazomieri klasifikacia, <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> sanimuSo<br />

meTodeb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> profesiuli <strong>da</strong>xelovneb<strong>is</strong> erTgvar nazavs<br />

iZleva. r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> tipologiuri<br />

maxasiaTebleb<strong>is</strong> miRma, ori qveyn<strong>is</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxur<strong>is</strong><br />

realuri moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> Sedegs vawydebiT. abver<strong>is</strong> meTaur<strong>is</strong>,<br />

admirali kanar<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> faruli kavSirebi didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> rig<br />

warmomadgenlebTan, sakuTari saidumlo arxeb<strong>is</strong> gamoyenebiT<br />

warmoeb<strong>da</strong>. rogorc cnobilia, <strong>is</strong> vatikan<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT lord<br />

halifaqsTan molaparakebas awarmoeb<strong>da</strong>. molaparakebaTa<br />

diapazonze figurirebs qali _ ma<strong>da</strong>m sineskus saxeliT,<br />

berlinSi 1940 w. tyved Cavardnili poloneT<strong>is</strong> yofili<br />

samxedro ataSes meuRle. admirali kanar<strong>is</strong>i dro<strong>da</strong>dro<br />

naxulob<strong>da</strong> ma<strong>da</strong>m sineskus, xolo m<strong>is</strong>i wasvl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg masTan<br />

SIS-<strong>is</strong> adgilobrivi ganyofileb<strong>is</strong> ufrosi midio<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

kanar<strong>is</strong>Tan saubr<strong>is</strong> Sinaars ga<strong>da</strong>scem<strong>da</strong>. kodirebuli<br />

informacia depeSiT ga<strong>da</strong>icemo<strong>da</strong> londonSi, stiuart menz<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>xmarebiT, roml<strong>is</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxur<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanel<strong>is</strong><br />

postze yofna, u. CerCilSi erTgvari d<strong>is</strong>komfort<strong>is</strong> warmoqmn<strong>is</strong><br />

129

stimuls qmni<strong>da</strong>. rogorc de kursi ∗ ityobineba, menz<strong>is</strong>ma<br />

uinstons pira<strong>da</strong>d ga<strong>da</strong>sca kanar<strong>is</strong>i<strong>da</strong>n mosuli saidumlo<br />

cnobebi, ,,ultra” masalebTan erTad. britaneT<strong>is</strong> premiermin<strong>is</strong>trma,<br />

amgvarad, miiRo cnoba hitler<strong>is</strong> aRmosavleT<strong>is</strong>aken<br />

Sebruneb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

rogorc Cans, kanar<strong>is</strong>i sakuTari qveyn<strong>is</strong> gamcemlobaze<br />

midio<strong>da</strong>. Sinagani sim<strong>da</strong>bl<strong>is</strong> gamovlineb<strong>is</strong> es arasasiamovno<br />

simptomi, sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> gakilv<strong>is</strong> sagani xdeba. aseTi individi<br />

sxva erovneb<strong>is</strong> xalxTa mxri<strong>da</strong>nac did aRfrTovanebas ar un<strong>da</strong><br />

elodos, radgan masSi patriotizm<strong>is</strong> mcire niuansi ar<br />

moiZebneba. sakuTari qveyn<strong>is</strong>admi Segnebuli Ralati pirovnebaSi<br />

gamokveTil vertikals iZens <strong>da</strong> masSi sapir<strong>is</strong>piro Tv<strong>is</strong>ebasTan<br />

ganSoreb<strong>is</strong> klebadi koeficienti lam<strong>is</strong> nuls utoldeba.<br />

Ralati - Tv<strong>is</strong>ebaa, romelic xSirad Sinagani Zaleb<strong>is</strong><br />

konkurenci<strong>is</strong> miRma rCeba, neb<strong>is</strong>mier drosa <strong>da</strong> situaciaSi iCens<br />

Tavs. aseTi pirovneb<strong>is</strong>admi SiS<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> sifrTxil<strong>is</strong> SegrZneb<strong>is</strong><br />

albaToba ufro metia, vidre siyvarul<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i moqmedebiT<br />

gamowveuli aRtaceb<strong>is</strong> survili. saTanado enTuziazms<br />

moklebuli am pirovnebaTa garemo, gansxvavebul azrovnebas<br />

ayalibebs. <strong>is</strong>ini sakuTari Tav<strong>is</strong> mimarT arad <strong>da</strong>gidevT sxvaTa<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebasa <strong>da</strong> gancdebs. maTi <strong>da</strong>intereseb<strong>is</strong> sfero<br />

mxolod aseTi mimarTulebiT Semoifargleba im<strong>is</strong> miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad,<br />

rom maTE ician rasac akeTeben. sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxur<strong>is</strong> aseTi<br />

tip<strong>is</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianebiT <strong>da</strong>kompleqteba goneb<strong>is</strong> did Zal<strong>is</strong>xmevasa <strong>da</strong><br />

gaTviTcnobiereb<strong>is</strong> rTul meTodebs moiTxovs. am samsaxur<strong>is</strong><br />

xelmZRvanelad mTavrob<strong>is</strong> mier specialurad SerCeuli piri<br />

∗ de kursi _ SIS-<strong>is</strong> adgilobrivi ganyofileb<strong>is</strong> oficeri<br />

130

iniSnebo<strong>da</strong>, es ukanaskneli ki m<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi ♣ sxva<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong> moZebnasa <strong>da</strong> Seyvanas uzrunvelyof<strong>da</strong>, oRond<br />

aucileblad Tav<strong>is</strong> qveyn<strong>is</strong> mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT.<br />

niSandoblivia, rom CerCilma xel<strong>is</strong>uflebaSi mosvl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg<br />

maSinve gaaTav<strong>is</strong>ufla usafrTxoeb<strong>is</strong> saSinao samsaxur<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mfuZnebeli <strong>da</strong> meTauri ser vernor keli. <strong>is</strong> SIS-<strong>is</strong> meTaur<strong>is</strong><br />

postze stiuart menz<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSvn<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdegi iyo, radgan<br />

masSi premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri germanelebTan komprom<strong>is</strong>uli zav<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> momxreTa mimarT gulSematkivarsa <strong>da</strong> Tanamoziares<br />

xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong>. aseT rigebSi ki n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> samxedro kabinet<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>is</strong>eTi gavleniani wevrebi Sediodnen, rogorebic iyvnen<br />

halifaqsi, hori <strong>da</strong> saimoni. maTi <strong>mTavari</strong> kredo komunizm<strong>is</strong><br />

winaaRmdeg germani<strong>is</strong> gaerTianeba gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, rasac imperi<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>rCen<strong>is</strong> erTaderT SesaZleblobad miCnevdnen. CerCilma<br />

ico<strong>da</strong>, rom germaniasTan komprom<strong>is</strong>uli zavi droebiTi<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, es ki am ukanasknels dro<strong>is</strong> mogeb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas<br />

m<strong>is</strong>cem<strong>da</strong>. nac<strong>is</strong>tebTan omi adre Tu gvian gar<strong>da</strong>uvali iyo.<br />

dediT amerikel premiers germaniasTan brZolaSi mokavSired<br />

aSS-i esaxebo<strong>da</strong>, menz<strong>is</strong>s ki amerik<strong>is</strong>admi civi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />

gaaCn<strong>da</strong>. es uinstons menz<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> SIS –<strong>is</strong> meTaurad <strong>da</strong>niSvn<strong>is</strong><br />

sawinaaRmdego mizezs aZlev<strong>da</strong>. amitom CerCilma menz<strong>is</strong>Tan<br />

<strong>da</strong>makavSirebel rgolad <strong>da</strong> masze kontrol<strong>is</strong> gawev<strong>is</strong> mizniT<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>i piradi mdivani maiori dezmond mortoni <strong>da</strong>niSna, ∗ xolo<br />

sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxur<strong>is</strong> filialeb<strong>is</strong> SO1-sa <strong>da</strong> SO2-<strong>is</strong><br />

xelmZRvanelad hiu <strong>da</strong>ltoni miavlina. premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n es met<strong>is</strong>metad kargad gaTvlili manevria. man, amiT<br />

∗<br />

dezmond mortoni _ <strong>da</strong>zvervaSi pirveli msoflio om<strong>is</strong> periodi<strong>da</strong>n muSaob<strong>da</strong><br />

131

erTgvari kontroli <strong>da</strong>awesa premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> kompetencii<strong>da</strong>n<br />

ukve gamosuli <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> saqmianobaze <strong>da</strong> mas mizanmimarTuli,<br />

sakuTari neba-survil<strong>is</strong> Zlieri gamoxatuleb<strong>is</strong> taqtika SesZina.<br />

amavdroulad, man meore saxel<strong>is</strong>uflebo organos, sagareo<br />

saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>tros erTgvari <strong>da</strong>morCilebac moaxerxa, rameTu<br />

mas SIS-si eqvemdebarebo<strong>da</strong>. sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tri halifaqsi<br />

<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i mudmivi TanaSemwe kadogani, CerCil<strong>is</strong>agan<br />

gansxvavebuli stereotipeb<strong>is</strong> matareblebi aRmoCndnen. sagareo<br />

saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> TanaSemwe riCard ostin batleri (rabi)<br />

germaniasTan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> ideas aramarto iziareb<strong>da</strong>, aramed<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i s<strong>is</strong>ruleSi moyvan<strong>is</strong> ralur gzebs saxav<strong>da</strong>. kenet de kursi<br />

igonebs Sexvedras, romelic mas batlerma mouwyo Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

piradi mdivn<strong>is</strong>, britanul elitaSi sakmaod miRebuli figur<strong>is</strong>,<br />

Cenon<strong>is</strong> saxlSi, belgreiv-skverSi. Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> TariRad 1940<br />

wl<strong>is</strong> 7 ivn<strong>is</strong>i saxeldeba, safrangeT<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zavebamde cota xniT<br />

adre. batler<strong>is</strong> cnobiT, <strong>is</strong>ini vatikan<strong>is</strong> gziT hitlerTan<br />

Sexvedras gegmavdnen <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i mxri<strong>da</strong>n, maT mier wamoyenebul<br />

sazavo pirobeb<strong>is</strong> miRebaze muSaobdnen. am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, bunebrivia,<br />

de kurss gauCn<strong>da</strong> kiTxva sazavo pirobeb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. batler<strong>is</strong><br />

TqmiT, <strong>is</strong>ini germani<strong>is</strong> mflobelobaSi mxolod rein<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>toveb<strong>is</strong> momxreni iyvnen. Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv, de kursma aseT<br />

iniciativaze uari ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, SesTavaza ra <strong>da</strong>xmareb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />

miemarTaT aSS-<strong>is</strong> elC<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, Jozef kened<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>. am<br />

ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> roli imiT amoiwurebo<strong>da</strong>, rom mas amerikelebze<br />

gavlena un<strong>da</strong> moexdina, maTTv<strong>is</strong> STaegonebina, rom im<br />

SemTxvevaSi Tu germania uars ityo<strong>da</strong> am sazavo wina<strong>da</strong>debeb<strong>is</strong><br />

ganxilvaze, maSin kongresi un<strong>da</strong> gamosuliyo ,,parlament<strong>is</strong><br />

memorandum<strong>is</strong>” msgavs<strong>is</strong> iniciativiT, romelic aSS-s<br />

132

itaneTTan germani<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg omSi Cabm<strong>is</strong> uflebas<br />

aZlev<strong>da</strong>. cnobilia, rom batlerma amerik<strong>is</strong> elC<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> am ide<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>cema de kurss <strong>da</strong>avala, romelmac es m<strong>is</strong>ia warmatebiT<br />

Seasrula. rogorc es ukanaskneli ixsenebs, J. kenedi m<strong>is</strong><strong>da</strong><br />

gasaocrad <strong>da</strong>myoli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. am saubr<strong>is</strong> Semdeg batlerma<br />

karlton klubSi moixmo de kursi <strong>da</strong> amcno halifaqs<strong>is</strong><br />

kmayofileba <strong>da</strong> survili J. kened<strong>is</strong>Tan kvlav Sexvedr<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb. male, imave sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> gankarguleb<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad, de kursi sen jeims<strong>is</strong> park<strong>is</strong> xidTan ,,SemTxveviT”<br />

Cipsi Cenons Sexv<strong>da</strong>, romelmac mas amerik<strong>is</strong> elCTan<br />

molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> gawyvet<strong>is</strong> aucilebloba amcno. ,,Cemi ufrosi J.<br />

kened<strong>is</strong>Tan molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>wyeb<strong>is</strong> gamo did usiamovnebaSi<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. Tqven Cems ufrosTan mimowera un<strong>da</strong> gaanadguroT,<br />

Semdeg gaemgzavreT SotlandiaSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>hyaviT iq ramdenime<br />

kvira. amasTan, arc erT diplomats ar SexvdeT”[43,202]. irkveva,<br />

rom u. CerCils specialuri sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo arx<strong>is</strong> wyalobiT,<br />

zemoT<strong>da</strong>saxelebuli ingl<strong>is</strong>eli maRalCinosneb<strong>is</strong> mier,<br />

molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>wyeb<strong>is</strong> mcdeloba auwyes. man <strong>is</strong>ic ganWvrita,<br />

rom amjerad es, am rangSi, usaTuod perspeqtiuli wamowyeba<br />

iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, saqmeSi metad gavleniani figureb<strong>is</strong> batler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

halifaqs<strong>is</strong> uSualo iniciativ<strong>is</strong> gamo. es ukanaskneli premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong><br />

imdenad angariSgasawevi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i mocile kandi<strong>da</strong>t<strong>is</strong> aRqmi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare. politikuri<br />

konkurentob<strong>is</strong> simwvav<strong>is</strong> SegrZneba ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli sifrTxil<strong>is</strong><br />

sawin<strong>da</strong>ria. am dros, m<strong>is</strong> SegnebaSi meor<strong>is</strong> kontrol<strong>is</strong><br />

maqsimaluri xedv<strong>is</strong> impulsebi imZlavrebs <strong>da</strong> TviT<strong>da</strong>kvirveb<strong>is</strong>a<br />

<strong>da</strong> TviTrwmen<strong>is</strong> urTierTSefardebiTi qmedebeb<strong>is</strong><br />

maregulirebeli Zal<strong>is</strong> gavlen<strong>is</strong> qveS xvdeba. konkurentze<br />

133

gamarjveb<strong>is</strong> mopoveb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> am gamarjveb<strong>is</strong> SenarCuneb<strong>is</strong> motiviT,<br />

<strong>is</strong> mudmivi meTvalyureob<strong>is</strong> qveS imyofeba, raTa masze gavlen<strong>is</strong><br />

moxden<strong>is</strong> unari Segwevdes an<strong>da</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong> uSualo sa<strong>da</strong>veebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i CamoSoreb<strong>is</strong> mizeziT qveyni<strong>da</strong>n wargzavno elC<strong>is</strong> saukeTeso<br />

,,titul<strong>is</strong>” sababiT. rogorc viciT, u. CerCilma es<br />

diplomatiuri manevri ori pirovneb<strong>is</strong> hor<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> halifaqs<strong>is</strong><br />

mimarT ganaxorciela. cnobilia, Tu rogor CamoaSora n.<br />

Cemberlenma ser robert vans<strong>is</strong>tarti sagareo saqmeTa<br />

samin<strong>is</strong>tros, m<strong>is</strong>i politikuri Sexedulebeb<strong>is</strong> gamo <strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong><br />

elCad <strong>da</strong>niSna.<br />

u. CerCils sakuTari diplomatiuri alRo gansxvavebul<br />

azrs ukarnaxeb<strong>da</strong>. man ico<strong>da</strong>, rom am cnobili <strong>da</strong> gavleniani<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong> gverdiT idga m<strong>is</strong>i megobari, ,,megobari cud<br />

amindSi”, _ rogorc Tavad uwodeb<strong>da</strong> lord biverbruks. <strong>is</strong> iyo<br />

parlament<strong>is</strong> aqtiuri wevri memarjvene frTi<strong>da</strong>n. germanelebTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxSi m<strong>is</strong>i msoflmxedveloba gamoixata<br />

imiT, rom Tav<strong>is</strong> gazeTebSi: ,,sandi eqspresSi” <strong>da</strong> ,,ivning<br />

sten<strong>da</strong>rtSi” popularuli avtor<strong>is</strong>, lidel hart<strong>is</strong> statia<br />

<strong>da</strong>beW<strong>da</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c avtori moiTxov<strong>da</strong> germaniasTan zav<strong>is</strong> swrafad<br />

<strong>da</strong>debas maqsimalurad xelsayreli pirobebiT. gar<strong>da</strong> am<strong>is</strong>a, <strong>is</strong><br />

J. kened<strong>is</strong> megobari iyo, romelic germaniasTan droebiTi zav<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> momxreTa ricxvSi un<strong>da</strong> movixsenioT. es pesim<strong>is</strong>ti<br />

avtori ∗ Tav<strong>is</strong> erT-erT araoficialur moxsenebaSi yofili<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> loid jorj<strong>is</strong> mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerad gamod<strong>is</strong>, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

kvlav <strong>da</strong>bruneb<strong>is</strong> iniciativiT, im mosazrebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />

rom pirvel msoflio omSi germani<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>marcxebaSi, TiTqos<br />

mxolod loid jorjs miuZRo<strong>da</strong> lom<strong>is</strong> wili. es ico<strong>da</strong><br />

∗<br />

igul<strong>is</strong>xmeba lordi biverbruki<br />

134

CerCilma. am ide<strong>is</strong> gamtarebelTa <strong>da</strong>jgufebaSi Tavs iyri<strong>da</strong><br />

germaniasTan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> momxreTa sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> naRebi e.w.<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> elita, romelTac u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> premiermin<strong>is</strong>trobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>yeneb<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>eTive meTodebi gaaCn<strong>da</strong>T, rogoric<br />

n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi gamoiyenes. britaneT<strong>is</strong><br />

sainformacio saSualebebi, aseve sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxurebi<br />

CerCil<strong>is</strong> irgvliv analogiuri lafsuseb<strong>is</strong> warmoqmnas<br />

ityobinebo<strong>da</strong>. didi britaneTSi warmoqmnili Zlieri<br />

<strong>da</strong>jgufeba, ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> parti<strong>is</strong>” saxelwodebiT, elodebo<strong>da</strong><br />

xelsayrel moments premier<strong>is</strong> Camosagdebad, rac germaniasTan<br />

molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> aucilebeli winapiroba iyo. berlinSi,<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> saelCos yofili mdivn<strong>is</strong>, kirkpatrik<strong>is</strong> kiTxvaze: ,,ras<br />

ityodiT ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> mTavrobaze” r. hesma upasuxa: ,,o, es<br />

araraobaa. vin Sed<strong>is</strong> CerCil<strong>is</strong> mTavrobaSi aravin sulelTa<br />

gar<strong>da</strong>, romlebsac surT germani<strong>is</strong> ganadgureba <strong>da</strong> msoflios<br />

<strong>da</strong>yeneba bolSevikuri safrTx<strong>is</strong> winaSe. mxolod mefes SeuZlia<br />

CvenTan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deba” ∗∗ [1,620]. r. hesma, ico<strong>da</strong> britanuli<br />

sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> ganwyoba mebrZoli sul<strong>is</strong>kveTeb<strong>is</strong> mqone premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

mimarT. u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> mier saxelwifos marTv<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>ZiriTadi</strong> kursi, rac man Tav<strong>is</strong>i movaleob<strong>is</strong> Sesruleb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>wyeb<strong>is</strong> win Tav<strong>is</strong> sityvaSi gamokveTa _ ,,me arafers<br />

gTavazobT gar<strong>da</strong> ofl<strong>is</strong>a, creml<strong>is</strong>a, brZol<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

s<strong>is</strong>xl<strong>is</strong>a”[33,579] _ germaniasTan om<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>wyebas moaswaveb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

amitom, r. hesma Tav<strong>is</strong>Tan a. haushoferi ixmo <strong>da</strong> Txova yvela im<br />

pirTa si<strong>is</strong> Sedgena, vinc CerCil<strong>is</strong> sawinaaRmdego<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas amJRavneb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> rCeva hkiTxa am a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan<br />

Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> SesaZleblob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. Semdeg ki aseT wreebSi<br />

∗∗<br />

,,Черная берта,”. dokumenti 3.10.1941. Архив КГБ СССР<br />

135

SeRwev<strong>is</strong> ,,specialuri <strong>da</strong>valebiT” aRWurva. ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong><br />

parti<strong>is</strong>” wevrTa mier, u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> politikasTan mkveTri<br />

<strong>da</strong>pir<strong>is</strong>pireb<strong>is</strong> uSualo fonze gamoikveTa premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

posti<strong>da</strong>n ga<strong>da</strong>yeneb<strong>is</strong> mzakvruli SeTqmuleb<strong>is</strong> idea. msgavsi<br />

mosazreba germaniaSic <strong>da</strong>iba<strong>da</strong>, jer kidev 1938 wels, romelic<br />

,,politikur kombinacias” warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. e.w. ,,venlos<br />

incindenti”, romelic marcxiT <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong>, ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong><br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n kargad <strong>da</strong>gegmili speqtakl<strong>is</strong> cudi <strong>da</strong>sasruli<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. РСХА ∗ –s me-6 sammarTvelos ufros<strong>is</strong>, valter<br />

Selenberg<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>msaxureba <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> am diplomatiur TamaSSi<br />

u<strong>da</strong>voa. <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> xelovneb<strong>is</strong> ubadlo ostatma, abver<strong>is</strong><br />

prestiJi imdenad maRla aswia, rom yovelgvar molodins<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>aWarba. britaneT<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> ori oficeri, romelic<br />

holandiaSi molaparakebas awarmoeb<strong>da</strong> ,,Semel<strong>is</strong>” fsevdonim<strong>is</strong><br />

mqone SelenbergTan, <strong>da</strong>apatimres berghofSi aRmoCenili bomb<strong>is</strong><br />

gamo, maTze braldeb<strong>is</strong> mitaniT. es fiurer<strong>is</strong> uSualo<br />

gankarguleba gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, maTi molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> Zalian seriozul<br />

etapze. valteri ingl<strong>is</strong>Si un<strong>da</strong> gamgzavrebuliyo calxela<br />

lordTan halifaqsTan Sesaxvedrad, romelic am Sexvedreb<strong>is</strong><br />

saqm<strong>is</strong> kursSi iyo, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc hitleri. maT un<strong>da</strong><br />

moesaubraT fiurer<strong>is</strong> gareSe, germania-ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> urTierTobeb<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb, rac hitler<strong>is</strong> politikur gegmebSi ar Sedio<strong>da</strong>. <strong>is</strong><br />

mixv<strong>da</strong>, rom saqme Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan <strong>da</strong>Zabuli xdebo<strong>da</strong>, miT umetes,<br />

roca mas vermaxt<strong>is</strong> generalitetSi faruli mowinaaRmdegeebi<br />

ukve hyav<strong>da</strong>. m<strong>is</strong>i s<strong>is</strong>ust<strong>is</strong> gamovlinebasTan erTad, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

∗<br />

РСХА_(abr) - Reichssicherheitshauptamt – imperi<strong>is</strong> uSiSroeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>mTavari</strong> samarTvelo.<br />

Seiqmna1939 w. 27 seqtembers. 1942 wl<strong>is</strong> ma<strong>is</strong>amde mas xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong> rainhard haidrixi,<br />

xolo Cexi patrioteb<strong>is</strong> mier praRaSi, m<strong>is</strong>i mkvlelob<strong>is</strong> Semdeg – ernst kaltenbruneri,<br />

warmoSobiT avstrieli<br />

136

politikuri karier<strong>is</strong> krax<strong>is</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>uvali siptomebi iqve iCen<strong>da</strong><br />

Tavs. amitom, fiurerma droulad mozi<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>ken<br />

mmarTvelob<strong>is</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>veebi <strong>da</strong> Zal<strong>is</strong>mieri berket<strong>is</strong> gamoyeneb<strong>is</strong><br />

wyalobiT, <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> es ori agenti stivensi <strong>da</strong> besti<br />

cocxlad Seipyres, maTTan erTad myofi holandieli agenti<br />

sasikvdilod <strong>da</strong>Wres. saqm<strong>is</strong> aseTi tragikuli <strong>da</strong>sasrul<strong>is</strong><br />

gamo, ukmayofilo iyo TviT Selenbergic, romelmac hitlerTan<br />

Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> dros es ar <strong>da</strong>mala gering<strong>is</strong>, haidrix<strong>is</strong>,<br />

ribentrop<strong>is</strong>, gebels<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa Tan<strong>da</strong>swrebiT. maT<br />

gasaocrad, hitlerma valter<strong>is</strong> aRSfoTebas dumiliT upasuxa.<br />

dumilSi ki WeSmariteb<strong>is</strong> marcvali uTuod iyo, rasac fiureri<br />

xmamaRla ar aRiareb<strong>da</strong>. ,,venlos incidentma” mniSvnelovnad<br />

<strong>da</strong>sca SIS_<strong>is</strong> prestiJi. oTxaswliani <strong>is</strong>tori<strong>is</strong> mqone<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zvervam samarcxvino <strong>da</strong>rtyma ganica<strong>da</strong>. msgavsi<br />

angariSsworeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong> wleb<strong>is</strong> manZilze emzadebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

prestiJ<strong>is</strong> reabilitaci<strong>is</strong> Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT <strong>da</strong> maSin, roca<br />

,,venlos incident<strong>is</strong>” ambavi TiTqos <strong>da</strong>viwyebuli iyo, msoflio<br />

ufro mniSvnelovani, sensaciuri amb<strong>is</strong> mowme gax<strong>da</strong>.<br />

SotlandiaSi Seityues fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile r. hesi. m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

gafren<strong>is</strong> dRes, londonze masirebul Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmas qon<strong>da</strong> adgili<br />

am qalaqze yuradReb<strong>is</strong> koncentraci<strong>is</strong> mizniT, rasac r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

SotlandiaSi <strong>da</strong>Sveb<strong>is</strong> usafrTxoeba un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyo.<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri am dros ditClSi, Tav<strong>is</strong>i megobr<strong>is</strong><br />

sazafxulo agarakze <strong>is</strong>veneb<strong>da</strong>. man cnoba _ ,,hesi<br />

SotlandiaSia” _ yovelgvari emocieb<strong>is</strong> gareSe miiRo. aseTi<br />

cnob<strong>is</strong>admi CerCil<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>uinteresoblob<strong>is</strong> faqtma, iq myofTa<br />

gakvirveba gamoiwvia. am sensaciurma ambavma lam<strong>is</strong> gaaogna<br />

mTeli msoflio <strong>da</strong> britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri<br />

137

gulxel<strong>da</strong>krefili uyureb<strong>da</strong> komedias, stumreb<strong>is</strong><br />

Tan<strong>da</strong>swrebiT. im saRamos, <strong>is</strong> uCveulo auRelveblobiT yvelas<br />

<strong>da</strong>amaxsovr<strong>da</strong>, gansakuTrebiT masTan m<strong>is</strong>ul hercog hamiltons.<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong>agan gansxvavebiT uinstons araviTari gaTamaSeb<strong>is</strong><br />

scen<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ar miumarTavs. rogorc viciT, hitlerma mo<strong>is</strong>mina<br />

ra hes<strong>is</strong> ,,gauCinareb<strong>is</strong>” ambavi, oTaxSi bolTas scem<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

xmamaRla gahyviro<strong>da</strong>. TvalTmaqcob<strong>is</strong> pirvelxar<strong>is</strong>xovani<br />

rol<strong>is</strong> gamovlena, mas arc hes<strong>is</strong> adiutantebTan <strong>da</strong> arc m<strong>is</strong><br />

megobar haushoferebTan mimarTebaSi ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebia, gar<strong>da</strong> vili<br />

meserSmit<strong>is</strong>a, romelmac fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgiles TviTmfrinaviT<br />

sargeblob<strong>is</strong> ufleba m<strong>is</strong>ca. ufro metic, man hes<strong>is</strong> meuRles<br />

ilze priols saxelmwifo pensiac ki <strong>da</strong>uniSna, araTu m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

qoneb<strong>is</strong> konf<strong>is</strong>kacia moaxdina. calke aRniSvn<strong>is</strong> Rirsia, Tu ase<br />

lmobierad ratom moeqca hitleri r. hes<strong>is</strong> ojaxs. v.<br />

meserSmit<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi, iqneb es m<strong>is</strong>i profesiiT aixsnas. <strong>is</strong><br />

cnobili aviakostruqtori gaxl<strong>da</strong>T <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i satusaRoSi Casma<br />

mecniereb<strong>is</strong> am <strong>da</strong>rg<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> u<strong>da</strong>vod didi <strong>da</strong>nakargi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

gansakuTrebiT om<strong>is</strong> am etapze. magram r. hes<strong>is</strong> ojaxi mas<br />

samagaliTod un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>esaja, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu m<strong>is</strong>i moadgile<br />

m<strong>is</strong><strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ukiTxavad gafrin<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si. moRalat<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>usjelob<strong>is</strong> mware gamocdileb<strong>is</strong> fasi hitlerma kargad<br />

ico<strong>da</strong>. man SA-s moieriSe razmeb<strong>is</strong> meTaurs ernst rems<br />

sakuTari xeliT <strong>da</strong>axala tyvia sawolSi, m<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg<br />

ganuxorcielebeli SeTqmuleb<strong>is</strong> sanacvlod. miT ufro,<br />

moRalate hes<strong>is</strong> mimarT <strong>is</strong> mimtevebeli ar iqnebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> 10 ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> saRamos gamoxatuli pozicia<br />

orazrovani STabeWdileb<strong>is</strong> matarebelia. premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri an<br />

winaswar iyo informirebuli fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

138

Camofren<strong>is</strong> Taobaze an<strong>da</strong> ufro mniSvnelovani sakiTx<strong>is</strong> fonze,<br />

vgul<strong>is</strong>xmobT london<strong>is</strong> masirebuli <strong>da</strong>bombvas, es imdenad<br />

ususurad moeCvena, saWirod ar CaTvala meore dilamde Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

miTiTebeb<strong>is</strong> gacema. amasTan, r. hesi ukve glazgos samxedro<br />

barakebSi iyo internirebuli. Tumca CerCil<strong>is</strong> argaoceb<strong>is</strong><br />

faqtors verafriT ver vxsniT. SesaZloa, man winaswar ico<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rogorc ,,barbarosas gegm<strong>is</strong>”, aseve r. hes<strong>is</strong> Camofren<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

,,ar miTxraT axla xelT gvyavs fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile r.<br />

hesio”[43,340] _ rogorc viciT, es iyo CerCil<strong>is</strong> pirveli<br />

sityvebi hamiltonTan satelefono saubr<strong>is</strong>as. 1969 wels, gazeT<br />

,,iorkSir postSi”, gamoqveynebuli albert jeims heil<strong>is</strong><br />

statiaSi msgavsi mosazreb<strong>is</strong> kvals vawydebiT. didi britaneT<strong>is</strong><br />

Srom<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>trs, ernst bevins Sefild<strong>is</strong> municipalitetSi<br />

sagangebod Casuli j. heil<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> gasaSifrad warudgenia<br />

kodirebuli teqsti im Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT, rom am kod<strong>is</strong> anbani<br />

Tavad heil<strong>is</strong> Sedgenili yofila. amitom, mas m<strong>is</strong>i wakiTxva ar<br />

gaWirvebia. bevins es Setyobineba germani<strong>is</strong> samrewvelo<br />

wreebi<strong>da</strong>n miuRia, sa<strong>da</strong>c iuwyebodnen r. hes<strong>is</strong> Camosvlas<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si hamiltonTan Sesaxvedrad. Srom<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>trs<br />

telefoniT ucnobebia CerCil<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> es gasaocari ambavi.<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, r. hes<strong>is</strong> lam<strong>is</strong> legen<strong>da</strong>dqceuli gafrena<br />

CerCil<strong>is</strong> moulodnelobiT gamowveul Cveul kriteriumebs ar<br />

eriTmeba <strong>da</strong> amitom m<strong>is</strong>i reaqciac adeqvaturi iyo. yalbi<br />

manereb<strong>is</strong> warmoCena yoveli individ<strong>is</strong> Rirseb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mamcirebeli<br />

panoramaa. CerCil<strong>is</strong> etaloni m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli naturi<br />

parametrebiT izomeba. niSandoblivia, rom r. hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb ingl<strong>is</strong>Si aseve winaswar iyo informirebuli jon<br />

kolvili _ n. Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> piradi mdivani, romelic uinstonma<br />

139

Tav<strong>is</strong>i premier-min<strong>is</strong>trob<strong>is</strong>as imave Tanamdebobaze <strong>da</strong>tova. am<br />

uCveulo politikuri Jest<strong>is</strong> axsna, pirvel rigSi, imiT ar<strong>is</strong><br />

SesaZlebeli, rom j. kolvili Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> germaniasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong> kurss ar eTanxmebo<strong>da</strong>, ramac <strong>is</strong> uinstonSi ndob<strong>is</strong><br />

mopoveb<strong>is</strong> stimulad ga<strong>da</strong>aqcia. rogorc cnobilia, j. kolvili<br />

pira<strong>da</strong>d Seeswro sagareo saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>troSi al. kadogan<strong>is</strong><br />

mdivn<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> hamilton<strong>is</strong> satelefono saubars. <strong>is</strong> hamiltonTan<br />

saubarSi sakuTari iniciativiT Caeba, radgan am samin<strong>is</strong>troSi<br />

u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebiT iyo wargzavnili. ,,premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma<br />

Seityo ra, rom Tqven raRac saintereso informacia gaqvT,<br />

sagareo saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>troSi gamomgzavna. me axlaxan movedi<br />

samin<strong>is</strong>troSi <strong>da</strong> Seveswari Tqvens saubars. msurs gavarkvio<br />

ras gvTavazobT. ra mox<strong>da</strong> vinme xom ar Camosula”[1.535-536]<br />

sayuradReboa, rom es xdeba maSin, roca hamiltons premiermin<strong>is</strong>tri<br />

jer kidev ar hyavs informirebuli hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenaze.<br />

j. kolvilma, rodesac hercog<strong>is</strong>gan mo<strong>is</strong>mina fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgil<strong>is</strong> SotlandiaSi Camofren<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, CerCils<br />

telefoniT amcno <strong>da</strong> hamiltons am ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> miTiTeba<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>sca, londonSi <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv wasvl<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

sainteresoa, im faqt<strong>is</strong> arsebobac, rom hercogma pirvelad<br />

sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> moadgiles a. kadogans <strong>da</strong>ureka.<br />

ubralo <strong>da</strong>mTxveva ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom CerCilma Tav<strong>is</strong>i piradi<br />

mdivani, <strong>swored</strong>, iq wargzavna. rogorc Cans, hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

Taobaze ico<strong>da</strong> forin of<strong>is</strong>mac <strong>da</strong> vinai<strong>da</strong>n, m<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebaSi SIS-i Sedio<strong>da</strong>, un<strong>da</strong> vivaraudoT, rom es<br />

uwyeba winaswar iyo informirebuli gafren<strong>is</strong> yvela im<br />

mosamzadebeli samuSaos irgvliv, rac sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxurs<br />

ukavSirdebo<strong>da</strong>. cnobilia, rom didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zvervam 1940<br />

140

w. 23 seqtembriT <strong>da</strong>TariRebuli werili Caigdo xelT. werili<br />

vinme ,,A”-s avtorobiT l<strong>is</strong>aboni<strong>da</strong>n (portugalia) iyo<br />

gamogzavnili. 5 Tv<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi, hamiltonma araferi ico<strong>da</strong><br />

weril<strong>is</strong> arsebob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. am dro<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi, <strong>da</strong>zverva<br />

adgen<strong>da</strong> avtor<strong>is</strong> vinaobas. rogorc gairkva, es profesor k.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong> Svili a. haushoferi iyo, romelic ingl<strong>is</strong>sa <strong>da</strong><br />

germanias Sor<strong>is</strong> urTierTgageb<strong>is</strong> gzeb<strong>is</strong> gamonaxv<strong>is</strong> Taobaze,<br />

pira<strong>da</strong>d hamiltonTan Sexvedras l<strong>is</strong>abonSi iTxov<strong>da</strong>. am dros<br />

hercogi hamiltoni RAF-<strong>is</strong> samxedro baz<strong>is</strong> – ternhauz<strong>is</strong> ∗ _<br />

meTaur<strong>is</strong> movaleobas asruleb<strong>da</strong>. 1941 wl<strong>is</strong> 26 Tebervals, man<br />

miiRo werili MI5-<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanel stamers<strong>is</strong>agan. es<br />

ukanaskneli werilSi hercogs ekiTxebo<strong>da</strong>, xom ar apireb<strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong><br />

uaxloes momavalSi londonSi Casvlas Tanac <strong>da</strong>sZen<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

hercog<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong> ecnobebia arc Tu umniSvnelo sakiTxi.<br />

amave wl<strong>is</strong> martSi, hamiltoni estumra stamerss m<strong>is</strong> of<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

hauqton hauzSi ∗∗ . aseTi araoficialuri Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> dros,<br />

stamersma hamiltons hkiTxa im weril<strong>is</strong> arsebob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb,<br />

romelic a. haushofers ekuTvno<strong>da</strong>. rogorc hamiltoni<br />

gvamcnobs, man ifiqra, rom es exebo<strong>da</strong> werils, romelic mas a.<br />

haushoferma 1939 wl<strong>is</strong> ivl<strong>is</strong>Si gaugzavna. male aSkara gax<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom <strong>is</strong>ini saubrobdnen sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva werileb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

stamersma gamoiRo magid<strong>is</strong> ujri<strong>da</strong>n aRniSnuli weril<strong>is</strong><br />

fotografirebuli asli, romelic hamiltons, m<strong>is</strong>ive TqmiT,<br />

manam ar enaxa. am Sexvedri<strong>da</strong>n mcire xn<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, hamiltonma<br />

miiRo brZaneba RAF-<strong>is</strong> me-13 Stab<strong>is</strong> jgufi<strong>da</strong>n. brZaneb<strong>is</strong><br />

Tanaxmad, <strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong> wveo<strong>da</strong> aviaci<strong>is</strong> jguf<strong>is</strong> kapitans blekfords<br />

∗<br />

ternhauzi _ edinburg<strong>is</strong> sazRvarTan mdebareobs<br />

∗∗<br />

hauqton hauzi _ mogvianebiT london<strong>is</strong> ekonomik<strong>is</strong> skola<br />

141

<strong>da</strong> maior robertsons. Sexvedra Sedga 1941 wl<strong>is</strong> 15 aprils,<br />

11:30 wT-ze. Sexvedraze aRiniSna, rom <strong>is</strong>ini moxaruli<br />

iqnebodnen, Tu hamiltoni wavido<strong>da</strong> portugaliaSi, radgan<br />

moepovebina yovelgvari informacia a. haushofer<strong>is</strong>agan.<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> usiamo naTqvamze: ,,ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong> waval, Tu amas<br />

zemo<strong>da</strong>n mibrZaneben”, maT upasuxes: ,,msgavs saqmeebze Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

nebiT midian <strong>da</strong> ara brZanebiT”-o[43,290].<br />

rogorc aRniSnuli dialogi<strong>da</strong>n Cans, hercogi agent<strong>is</strong><br />

rolSi gamodio<strong>da</strong>, rac man saubr<strong>is</strong> procesSi kargad gaiTav<strong>is</strong>a.<br />

rodesac am sakiTxze, m<strong>is</strong>gan uar<strong>is</strong> Tqm<strong>is</strong> bolo Sansic<br />

gamoiricxa, mas mosafiqrebeli dro m<strong>is</strong>ces mocemuli<br />

SeTavazeb<strong>is</strong> ganxilv<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>. meore dRes, hamiltonma moinaxula<br />

lordi iustas persi, niukasl<strong>is</strong> universitet<strong>is</strong> reqtori,<br />

radgan mas sur<strong>da</strong> rCeva ekiTxa <strong>is</strong>eTi pirovneb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, vinc<br />

didi pativ<strong>is</strong>cemiT sargeblob<strong>da</strong>. persi adre muSaob<strong>da</strong> sagareo<br />

saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>troSi, Semdeg ki premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> stenli<br />

bolduin<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>trTa kabinet<strong>is</strong> SemadgenlobaSi iricxebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

romelic man 1936 wels <strong>da</strong>tova. man urCia hamiltons mxolod<br />

garkveuli valdebuleb<strong>is</strong> Sesruleb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg wasuliyo<br />

portugaliaSi. ori dR<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, 29 aprils hamiltonma m<strong>is</strong>wera<br />

blekfords: ,,me mzad var wasasvlelad, Tuki Tqven es kidev<br />

gsurT. amasTan, un<strong>da</strong> SevasruloT ori piroba. me, ra Tqma<br />

un<strong>da</strong>, ar min<strong>da</strong> mqondes saubari vinmesTan, elC<strong>is</strong> codn<strong>is</strong> an<br />

konsultaci<strong>is</strong> gareSe. vfiqrob, amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, aranairi<br />

sirTule ar Semeqmneba. gar<strong>da</strong> am<strong>is</strong>a, raTa Tavi<strong>da</strong>n avicilo<br />

SesaZlebeli gaugebroba an Seferxeba, gTavazobT sanam<br />

gavemgzavrebi Cemi mdgomareoba avuxsna ser aleqsandre<br />

kadogans, sagareo saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>troSi. min<strong>da</strong> vicode, rogor<br />

142

avuxsna A-s, ,,ratom vpasuxob m<strong>is</strong> werils Svidi Tv<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>yovneb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg. vfiqrob, saSiSi iqneba im<strong>is</strong> Tqma, rom SIS-<strong>is</strong><br />

xelmZRvanelobam xelSi Caigdo es werili gasuli wl<strong>is</strong><br />

Semodgomas <strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong> axla gadmomces. yovelive am<strong>is</strong><br />

gaTval<strong>is</strong>winebiT un<strong>da</strong> mqondes axsna-ganmarteba CemTv<strong>is</strong><br />

weril<strong>is</strong> ase <strong>da</strong>gvianebiT gadmocem<strong>is</strong> gamo”[CerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivi 1,11].<br />

blekford<strong>is</strong> werilSi pasuxi martiva<strong>da</strong>a axsnili. ,,qveyni<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gausvlelob<strong>is</strong> sababiT,” hamiltons SeeZlo Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aecilebina<br />

a. haushofer<strong>is</strong> werilze pasux<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>gvianebiT gamowveuli<br />

uxerxuloba <strong>da</strong> ara marto uxerxuloba. SvidTviani intervali<br />

garkveul eWvebs warmoSob<strong>da</strong> germanel<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />

im<strong>is</strong>a, rom albrextma kargad uwyo<strong>da</strong> hamiltons ra specialuri<br />

,,procedurebi” un<strong>da</strong> gaevlo sagareo saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>troSi,<br />

romelsac usaTuod sakmar<strong>is</strong>i dro <strong>da</strong>sWirdebo<strong>da</strong>. ai, ras wers<br />

r. hess: ,,hercogs ar ZaluZs l<strong>is</strong>abonSi gafrena. . . vidre<br />

qveyn<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>toveb<strong>is</strong> uflebas ar miiRebs aviaci<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

sinkler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> halifaqs<strong>is</strong>agan”[1,674]<br />

rogorc irkveva, hamiltonma aviaci<strong>is</strong> kapitans pasuxi 10<br />

ma<strong>is</strong>s gasca. sayuradReboa, rom am dRes r. hesi augsburgi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gafrin<strong>da</strong> hamiltonTan Sesaxvedrad. sruliad SesaZlebelia,<br />

rom nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> TviTmfrinav<strong>is</strong>, ,,ME-110“-<strong>is</strong><br />

Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> sazRvarTan gamoCena hamiltons a. haushofer<strong>is</strong><br />

vizits afiqrebineb<strong>da</strong>, <strong>is</strong> xom araerTxel yofila masTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>ngavel-kastlSi. Tu gaviTval<strong>is</strong>winebT, rom hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

megobari fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebiT moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>, mas<br />

usaTuod ecodinebo<strong>da</strong> hamilton<strong>is</strong> pasuxi ,,qveyni<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gausvlelob<strong>is</strong> sababiT,” l<strong>is</strong>abonSi <strong>da</strong>Tqmul droze<br />

Causvlelob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong> gamomdinare, logikurad<br />

143

<strong>da</strong>saSvebia, rom r. hess m<strong>is</strong> teritoriaze Sexvedr<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba mieRo. es mosazreba aZlierebs a. haushofer<strong>is</strong>a<br />

<strong>da</strong> hercog<strong>is</strong> Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> SesaZleblobas, romelime neitraluri<br />

saxelmwifos de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi, 1941 w. Tebervl<strong>is</strong> pirvel ricxvebSi.<br />

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tu SvidTviani pauz<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi a.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong>agan araferi <strong>is</strong>mo<strong>da</strong>, m<strong>is</strong>i mxri<strong>da</strong>n am<br />

ukanasknel<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> l<strong>is</strong>abonSi Sexvedraze Tanxmob<strong>is</strong><br />

Setyobineba absurdia. vfiqrobT, maT Sor<strong>is</strong> meore Sexvedra<br />

<strong>da</strong>igegma sadRac april<strong>is</strong> bolo ricxvebSi. xolo, Sexvedr<strong>is</strong><br />

gaWianureb<strong>is</strong> gamo, r. hesma Tavad moiyvana s<strong>is</strong>ruleSi didi<br />

xn<strong>is</strong> Canafiqri. u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> memuareb<strong>is</strong> mixedviT, hercog<br />

hamiltons ukve 10 ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> Rames scodnia alfred horn<strong>is</strong><br />

saxel<strong>is</strong> qveS amofarebuli pirovneb<strong>is</strong> namdvili vinaoba.<br />

gavixsenoT, rom r. hesi ingl<strong>is</strong>elebs mogonili saxeliT <strong>da</strong><br />

gvariT gaecno. am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gvaxsendeba erTi<br />

friad mniSvnelovani detali. britaneT<strong>is</strong> mTavrobam ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

inkognitod Cafrenili ,,ucnobi mfrinav<strong>is</strong>” pirovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>sadgenad sagangebod gamoiZaxa: a. kirkpatriki <strong>da</strong> j. saimoni.<br />

oriveni berlinSi meoce saukun<strong>is</strong> 30-ian wlebSi, diplomatiuri<br />

samsaxuriT iyvnen <strong>da</strong>kavebulebi <strong>da</strong> r. hess araerTxel<br />

Sexvedrilan. vfiqrobT, britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri an<br />

sabolood ar iyo <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli germaneli mfrinav<strong>is</strong> namdvil<br />

vinaobaSi, an<strong>da</strong> man winaswar ico<strong>da</strong> mosalodneli vizit<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> msoflio sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> Tval<strong>is</strong> axvev<strong>is</strong> mizniT<br />

gaaWianura identifikaci<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgen<strong>is</strong> dro. rogorc viciT, man<br />

parlamentSi Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i axsna-ganmartebiTi sax<strong>is</strong> gancxadeb<strong>is</strong><br />

gakeTebac <strong>da</strong>agviana, ramac parlament<strong>is</strong> wevrebs Sor<strong>is</strong> aSkara<br />

ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. CerCil<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>amarTiT mwvave replikebi<br />

144

ukve xmamaRla ga<strong>is</strong>mo<strong>da</strong>. un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom u. CerCils aseTi<br />

tip<strong>is</strong> gancxadeb<strong>is</strong> Sinaarsi mofiqrebuli ar qon<strong>da</strong>. amasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT premiersa <strong>da</strong> sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>trs antoni<br />

idens Sor<strong>is</strong> gacxarebuli kamaTi mimdinareob<strong>da</strong>. yalbi<br />

gancxadeba Seuracmyofeli iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. parlamentSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianTa garkveuli raodenoba aseT sensaciur ambavze<br />

detaleb<strong>is</strong> gageb<strong>is</strong> mizniT moiTxovs oficialur kiTxva-pasuxs,<br />

maT an absoluturi simarTle un<strong>da</strong> uTxra, an<strong>da</strong> momx<strong>da</strong>r<strong>is</strong><br />

irgvliv araferi Tqva. am ukanasknels diplomatiaSi dumil<strong>is</strong><br />

politika ewodeba. Tumca, premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma mesame gza airCia.<br />

man parlamentSi mSrali, arafr<strong>is</strong>mTqmeli gancxadeba gaakeTa<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong>ic, hes<strong>is</strong> Camofreni<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime dR<strong>is</strong> Semdeg. magram,<br />

Tuki r. hes<strong>is</strong> saqme konfidencialuri un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo, premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n aseTi manevri mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc <strong>da</strong>sagmobi ar<br />

un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo. magram ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gvaviwydes, rom <strong>is</strong><br />

parlament<strong>is</strong> winaSe konstituciur valdebulebas grZnob<strong>da</strong>.<br />

Tu gaviziarebT im mosazrebas, rom a. haushofer<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

hamiltons Sor<strong>is</strong> es korespodencia yalbi iyo <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

erTaderTi mizani r. hes<strong>is</strong> britaneTSi Setyueba gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, maSin<br />

ra iyo TviT am Setyueb<strong>is</strong> mizezi r<strong>is</strong>i Tqma SeeZlo mas<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> om<strong>is</strong> sawy<strong>is</strong> etapze an ratom qon<strong>da</strong><br />

rudolfs im<strong>is</strong> imedi, rom mas vinme mousmen<strong>da</strong> am qveyanaSi<br />

aivon kirkpatrikTan saubarSi r. hesma gvamcno: ,,mwam<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom aq zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> Zlieri survili qon<strong>da</strong>T. . . me vTvlidi,<br />

rom hamilton<strong>is</strong> meSveobiT movZebni Zlier, zav<strong>is</strong>mosurne<br />

partiasTan m<strong>is</strong>asvlel gzas, romelic aseve <strong>da</strong>mexmareba 2-3<br />

dReSi germaniaSi <strong>da</strong>brunebaSi.” kirkpatrik<strong>is</strong> SekiTxvaze ,,Tqven<br />

TvliT, rom hercogs SeuZlia rame gaakeTos im<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, rom<br />

145

ingl<strong>is</strong>ma germaniasTan zavi <strong>da</strong>dos” hesma upasuxa: ,,ra Tqma<br />

un<strong>da</strong>, mas SeuZlia mefesTan m<strong>is</strong>vla <strong>da</strong> saubari bolSevikeb<strong>is</strong><br />

winaaRmdeg Cveni sabrZolo gegmeb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, maSin mefe<br />

<strong>is</strong>urvebs zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>debas CvenTan”[1,620]. hes<strong>is</strong> uryevi rwmena<br />

britaneTSi ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> parti<strong>is</strong>” <strong>da</strong> am qveyn<strong>is</strong> monarq<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>xmarebaSi, <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> monawileoba ,,saidumlo mimower<strong>is</strong>”<br />

organizaciaSi hessa <strong>da</strong> hamiltons Sor<strong>is</strong>, fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

am sar<strong>is</strong>ko nabij<strong>is</strong> warumateblobiT <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong>. ormagi agenti,<br />

duSko popovi, Tav<strong>is</strong>i memuareb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvniT nawilSi, asaxelebs<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si zav<strong>is</strong>admi ganwyobil lordebs: broketi, londonderi<br />

<strong>da</strong> lamingtoni.<br />

rogorc viciT, germaniasTan kavSirs komunizm<strong>is</strong><br />

winaaRmdeg iziareb<strong>da</strong> kenet de kursi. man Tav<strong>is</strong>i Sexedulebebi<br />

gadmosca stiuart menz<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong>admi gakeTebul angariSSi,<br />

romelmac Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv gaugzavna halifaqss, am ukanasknelma ki<br />

n. Cemberlens. am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma de kurss sTxova<br />

angariSi uSualod m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> gaegzavna. msgavsi Sexedulebeb<strong>is</strong><br />

matarebeli gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, im dro<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> yvelaze prestiJuli<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>eli mwerali, basil lidel harti ∗ , roml<strong>is</strong> azrebma<br />

didi gamoxatuleba hpova germani<strong>is</strong> diplomatiur <strong>da</strong>zvervaSi,<br />

romelsac pfefen fon salomani xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong>. ♣♣<br />

rogorc cnobilia, 10-11 ma<strong>is</strong>s, anu hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong> meoremesame<br />

dRes sagareo saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>troSi, berlinSi <strong>da</strong>reka a.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong> yofilma studentma Stamerma, romelic muSaob<strong>da</strong><br />

madrid<strong>is</strong> saelCoSi <strong>da</strong> Txova ga<strong>da</strong>eca m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>, rom 12 ma<strong>is</strong>s<br />

madrid<strong>is</strong> mecnierebaTa akademiaSi un<strong>da</strong> Semdgariyo<br />

∗ 1939 wl<strong>is</strong> zafxulSi moxucma generalma ser ian hamiltonma hesi Tav<strong>is</strong>Tan miiwvia<br />

stumrad SotlandiaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c mas SesaZlebloba mieca gacnobo<strong>da</strong> lidel harts<br />

♣♣ pfefen fon salomani - r. hes<strong>is</strong> piradi sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxur<strong>is</strong> ufrosi<br />

146

leqcia[43,347]. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c albrextma <strong>da</strong>avala Stamers ser<br />

samuel horTan <strong>da</strong>emyarebina kavSiri, es cnoba SeiZleba<br />

ganvixiloT, rogorc kodirebuli signali, rac niSnav<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />

am ricxvSi <strong>da</strong>niSnuli iyo <strong>da</strong>pirebuli Sexvedra horTan.<br />

cnobilia, rom om<strong>is</strong> Semdeg Stamerma Seadgina baraTi,<br />

romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenamde garkveuli<br />

dro<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi SvedeT<strong>is</strong> saelCos meSveobiT, man madridSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>amyara kontaqti s. horTan, rom albrexti <strong>da</strong> samueli<br />

mividnen SeTanxmebamde, rom hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> CerCil<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>dgoma<br />

mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong> aucilebeli winapirobaa mSvidobiani<br />

molaparakeb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>. am SemTxvevaSi, ar ar<strong>is</strong> gamoricxuli im<strong>is</strong><br />

SesaZleblobac, rom hori an<strong>da</strong> sxva vinme madridSi SvedeT<strong>is</strong><br />

saelCo<strong>da</strong>n iyo informirebuli hes<strong>is</strong> SotlandiaSi gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> Stamerma udepeSa albrexts, raTa gaefrTxilebia<br />

mosalodneli safrTx<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. a. haushoferma Stamer<strong>is</strong><br />

depeSaze reagireba ar moaxdina. bunebrivia, oficialur<br />

gancxadebamde, man ukve ico<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

amitom, mas calke Tavsatexi gauCn<strong>da</strong>, rogor aexsna<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>iaSi m<strong>is</strong>i monawileob<strong>is</strong> ,,aucilebloba”<br />

imgvarad, rom fiurer<strong>is</strong> sayvareli moadgilesaTv<strong>is</strong> Crdili ar<br />

mieyenebia. <strong>is</strong>, xom r. hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebiT kurireb<strong>da</strong> samSvidobo<br />

molaparakebaTa am cikls, rasac albrexti hitlerTan<br />

saubarSi ver aRiareb<strong>da</strong>. 12 ma<strong>is</strong>s <strong>is</strong> gamoiZaxes<br />

berxtesgadenSi. am dro<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, hitlers ukve hes<strong>is</strong> cocxlad<br />

g<strong>da</strong>rCen<strong>is</strong> naklebi imedi qon<strong>da</strong>. <strong>is</strong> varaudob<strong>da</strong>, rom hesma an<br />

aviakatastrofa ganica<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Camovar<strong>da</strong> CrdiloeT<strong>is</strong> zRvaSi<br />

an<strong>da</strong> umal Camoagdes sadme britaneTSi. amitom, <strong>da</strong>kiTxv<strong>is</strong><br />

nacvlad man albrexts m<strong>is</strong>ca kalami <strong>da</strong> furceli moTxovniT,<br />

147

<strong>da</strong>ewera sia Tav<strong>is</strong>i britaneli mokavSireeb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />

gamoyeneb<strong>is</strong> SesaZleblobeb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. fiqrob<strong>da</strong> ra, rom hesma<br />

ganica<strong>da</strong> marcxi, hitlerma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita gamoeyenebia m<strong>is</strong>i,<br />

rogorc ingl<strong>is</strong>urenovani qveyneb<strong>is</strong> eqspert<strong>is</strong>, Wkua. amiT,<br />

hitlers <strong>da</strong>sturi sWirdebo<strong>da</strong> im<strong>is</strong>a, Tu ramdenad warmatebuli<br />

gamodgebo<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>ia ingl<strong>is</strong>Si, radgan m<strong>is</strong>i moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesaxeb am qveyni<strong>da</strong>n araviTari informaciebi ar keTdebo<strong>da</strong>. es<br />

iyo 1941 wl<strong>is</strong> ma<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> dReebi, rodesac germani<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>ze intesiur <strong>da</strong>bombvas qon<strong>da</strong> adgili. ingl<strong>is</strong>eleb<strong>is</strong><br />

moralurad gatexv<strong>is</strong> impulsebi ukve aSkarad Can<strong>da</strong>. rogorc<br />

Tavad fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile varaudob<strong>da</strong>, m<strong>is</strong>i gafrena ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> mizniT, uTuod ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> em<strong>is</strong>r<strong>is</strong>” rangSi un<strong>da</strong><br />

ganxiluliyo. <strong>da</strong>vZenT imasac, rom burkhardt-haushofer<strong>is</strong><br />

saubr<strong>is</strong>as ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong> s. hor<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong> Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> adgili<br />

madrid<strong>is</strong> maxloblad, mitovebul saten<strong>is</strong>o kortze. magram es<br />

Sexvedra ar Sedga. ratom ar <strong>da</strong>elo<strong>da</strong> r. hesi s. horTan<br />

Sexvedras <strong>da</strong> ratom gafrin<strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si horTan Sexvedr<strong>is</strong><br />

cnobas hesi Zalian aRufrTovanebia <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Tanxmebula, magram<br />

moulodnelad cvl<strong>is</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas. <strong>is</strong> mifrinavs<br />

hercog hamiltonTan, v<strong>is</strong>Tanac TiTqos Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> realuri<br />

Sansic ki ar qon<strong>da</strong>. es sakiTxi <strong>da</strong>mafiqrebelia, Tu hamilton -<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> nacnobobasac gamovricxavT, rogorc amas Tavad hercogi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>stureb<strong>da</strong>. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> molaparakebaTa<br />

diapazonze ori metad seriozuli figura gamoikveTa: samoel<br />

hori <strong>da</strong> hercogi hamiltoni. amaTgan, pirveli tipiuri<br />

progermaneli <strong>da</strong> meore CerCil<strong>is</strong> politik<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg<br />

mimarTul erT-erT xelmZRvanel figurad moiazreba.<br />

sainteresoa, hesma ratom gamoricxa erTi <strong>da</strong> mianiWa meores<br />

148

upiratesoba. amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, gvaxsendeba hamilton –<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong> korespodencia, Tumca verc im faqts vuaryofT,<br />

rom am ukanasknels bolo werilze pasuxi MI-6-ma <strong>da</strong>swera.<br />

amasve gvatyobinebs Cexoslovaki<strong>is</strong> prezidenti eduard beneSi,<br />

romelic im dro<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si iyo emigrirebuli. ufro<br />

metic, <strong>is</strong> cnobilia ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> agentad, koduri<br />

saxeliT A-54.<br />

moviyvanT kidev erT faqts, razec Cven saubari ukve<br />

gvqon<strong>da</strong>. ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebiT hercogi hamiltoni<br />

un<strong>da</strong> Sexvedro<strong>da</strong> a. haushofers SveicariaSi m<strong>is</strong> mier <strong>da</strong>Tqmul<br />

m<strong>is</strong>amarTze. am<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb man m<strong>is</strong>wera albrexts 1941 w. 10 ma<strong>is</strong>s.<br />

<strong>swored</strong>, am dRes mifrinavs r. hesi SotlandiaSi. saocari<br />

,,<strong>da</strong>mTxvevaa”. un<strong>da</strong> vifiqroT, rom hercog<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> a. haushofer<strong>is</strong><br />

Sor<strong>is</strong> es pirveli Sexvedra ar iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. sxvagvarad, r. hesi<br />

amas usaTuod <strong>da</strong>elodebo<strong>da</strong>. savaraudoa, rom maT Sor<strong>is</strong><br />

Sexvedras adgili ufro adrec qon<strong>da</strong>, rodesac man<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong> weril<strong>is</strong> Semdeg 10 dRiani Svebuleba aiRo (ianvar-<br />

TebervalSi) <strong>da</strong> dRemde ucnobi mimarTulebiT qveyni<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gaemgzavra. am ricxvebSi albrexti JenevaSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong>, magram<br />

ucnobia v<strong>is</strong> Sexv<strong>da</strong>. am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, hercogma kidev 10 dRiani<br />

Svebuleba aiRo (aprili-ma<strong>is</strong>i) <strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong>ev gauCinar<strong>da</strong>. Tamamad ver<br />

<strong>da</strong>vaskvniT, rom am dro<strong>is</strong> manZilze <strong>is</strong> SveicariaSi a.<br />

haushofers xvdebo<strong>da</strong>, magram vityviT Semdegs. a.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong>agan weril<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, sa<strong>da</strong>c Sexvedr<strong>is</strong><br />

adgili iyo miTiTebuli, ∗ <strong>is</strong> SveicariaSi mid<strong>is</strong>. vfiqrobT, am<br />

Sexvedraze maTi momdevno Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> TariRic ga<strong>da</strong>wy<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

∗ ,,romelime neitraluri qveyn<strong>is</strong> de<strong>da</strong>qalaqi”_ aseTad ki Sveicaria an portugalia<br />

saxeldeba<br />

149

meored miemgzavreba. calke <strong>da</strong>intereseb<strong>is</strong> sagania, amas hercogi<br />

sakuTari iniciativiT akeTeb<strong>da</strong> Tu vinmes <strong>da</strong>valebiT rogorc<br />

viciT, rodesac <strong>da</strong>zvervam hamiltons a. haushofer<strong>is</strong> weril<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvelze, m<strong>is</strong> avtorTan Sexvedra SesTavaza, man Tqva: ,,me<br />

waval maSin Tu amas zemo<strong>da</strong>n mibrZanebeno”. <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong> Cans, rom <strong>is</strong><br />

marto ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> karnaxiT ar moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>, aq<br />

figurireb<strong>da</strong> mesame Zala _ ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> mTavrob<strong>is</strong> saxiT.<br />

amrigad, r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenas win uZRo<strong>da</strong><br />

garkveuli sax<strong>is</strong> mosamzadebeli Ron<strong>is</strong>Ziebani. azrTa<br />

urTierTTanxvedram am m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> ganxorcieleb<strong>is</strong> realuri suraTi<br />

mogvca. fiurersa <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong> moadgiles Sor<strong>is</strong><br />

urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong> praqtika, politikaSi SeTavsebadi<br />

kurs<strong>is</strong> gatareb<strong>is</strong> garantad iqca. saxelmwifo m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong><br />

momzadeb<strong>is</strong>as, romelic hitler<strong>is</strong> mizanmimarTul diplomatias<br />

emsaxureba, SeuZlebelia, fiurer<strong>is</strong> roli gamoiricxos. maTi<br />

pirovnuli <strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong> aspeqtebi imdenad didia, rom r. hesi<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> nebarTv<strong>is</strong> gareSe ingl<strong>is</strong>Si ar gafrindebo<strong>da</strong>. Tumca,<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> saxel<strong>is</strong> uaryofa warumatebeli m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> xseneb<strong>is</strong>as<br />

aucilebeli iyo, radgan germaniaSi fiurer<strong>is</strong> prestiJi<br />

ilaxebo<strong>da</strong>. amitom, r. hesma TviT fiurer<strong>is</strong> sikvdil<strong>is</strong> Semdegac<br />

ar aRiara hitler<strong>is</strong> monawileoba m<strong>is</strong> gafrenaSi. <strong>is</strong> sikvdil<strong>is</strong><br />

bolomde hitler<strong>is</strong> erTguli <strong>da</strong>rCa. amiT, man kidev erTxel<br />

<strong>da</strong>gvi<strong>da</strong>stura fiurerTan Tav<strong>is</strong>i axlo urTierTob<strong>is</strong> faqti,<br />

rac m<strong>is</strong>i ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileb<strong>is</strong> ganmsazRvreli<br />

Seiqna. r. hesi ingl<strong>is</strong>Si sakuTari nebiTa <strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

TanxmobiT gafrin<strong>da</strong>.<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> roli mdgomareob<strong>da</strong> premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong>asTv<strong>is</strong><br />

informaci<strong>is</strong> drouli miwodeb<strong>is</strong><br />

150

mniSvnelobaSi. <strong>da</strong>zverva Tvalyurs adevneb<strong>da</strong> mimdinare<br />

politikur procesebSi gamovlenili gansxvavebuli azrovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

mqone politikoseb<strong>is</strong> nabijebs. <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> rol<strong>is</strong> mniSvneloba<br />

m<strong>is</strong>ave anonimurobaSi iyo. <strong>is</strong>ini Tavi<strong>da</strong>n ar muSaobdnen<br />

uSualod ,,hes<strong>is</strong> Semotyueb<strong>is</strong>” sakiTxze, magram DdroTa<br />

ganmavlobaSi faqtma gansazRvra argumenti, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc<br />

mdgomareoba qmn<strong>is</strong> Segnebas.<br />

151

Tavi IV<br />

hercogi hamiltoni <strong>da</strong> rudolf hesi<br />

rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> am uprecedento movlen<strong>is</strong><br />

gaanalizeb<strong>is</strong>as, mravali mniSvnelovani sakiTx<strong>is</strong> win wamoweva<br />

gviwevs. kvlev<strong>is</strong>admi fun<strong>da</strong>mentaluri midgoma, ama Tu im<br />

sakiTx<strong>is</strong> konkretizacias saWiroebs. Tem<strong>is</strong> gantoteb<strong>is</strong> Cveul<br />

meTods m<strong>is</strong>i specifika <strong>da</strong> warmosaxviTi Teorieb<strong>is</strong> sinTezi<br />

gvaZlevs. sworxazovani <strong>da</strong> mZlavr obieqtur SegrZnebaze<br />

<strong>da</strong>myarebuli kvlev<strong>is</strong> diametruli suraTi koordinireb<strong>is</strong><br />

originaluri aqsiomaa, radgan individualuria. <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong><br />

gamomdinare, erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave sakiTxze arsebobs mravali<br />

mosazreba, hipoTeza Tu versia, rasac viziarebT an ar<br />

veTanxmebiT. tendenciuroba SesaZlebelia calsaxa<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebam gamoiwvios. <strong>da</strong>usabuTebeli argumentaci<strong>is</strong><br />

jerovani miTi kolosaluri Zal<strong>is</strong>xmev<strong>is</strong> mamoZravebeli<br />

berketia. difuziuri movleneb<strong>is</strong> msgavsi es konfiguracia, Siga<br />

<strong>da</strong> Sig, orientireb<strong>is</strong> arsebob<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> Serwym<strong>is</strong> gamokveTil<br />

vertikals iZens. Cndeba urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

Tanxvedri movleneb<strong>is</strong> SigTavsi, romelTa safuZvliani<br />

Seswavla racionaluri berketeb<strong>is</strong> amoqmedebas iwyebs.<br />

<strong>da</strong>kvirveb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> gaazreb<strong>is</strong> obieqturi swrafva s<strong>is</strong>temuri aRqm<strong>is</strong><br />

reJimSi, <strong>da</strong>skvneb<strong>is</strong> miReb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas iZleva. faseulobaTa<br />

152

aTv<strong>is</strong>eba upiratesob<strong>is</strong> sindroms gvitovebs. ori<strong>da</strong>n erT<strong>is</strong><br />

ignorireba azrovnebaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli intuiciuri lobizmia,<br />

romelic uTuod kavSirSia gonebasa <strong>da</strong> realur<br />

mentalitetTan.<br />

rudolf hes<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong> erTi mTliani suraT<strong>is</strong> warmodgena<br />

Sepir<strong>is</strong>pireb<strong>is</strong> fonze, principulad sakvanZo sakiTxia. maTi<br />

gzebi arasodes ar ga<strong>da</strong>kveTila, Tumc oficialur doneze maT<br />

nacnobobas ar gamovricxavT. <strong>swored</strong>, nacnobobi<strong>da</strong>n iwyeba<br />

urTierTob<strong>is</strong> martivi form<strong>is</strong> Camoyalibeba, rac civiluri<br />

sazogadoebrivi struqturi<strong>da</strong>n iRebs saTaves.<br />

am TavSi moyvanili haushofereb<strong>is</strong> arqivi<strong>da</strong>n amoRebuli<br />

dokumenturi masala aramarto naTels xd<strong>is</strong> hercogi<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong> nacnobobas, aramed miuTiTebs<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> rolze r. hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenaSi.<br />

es ar<strong>is</strong> asli britaneT<strong>is</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>zvervo samsaxur<strong>is</strong><br />

moxsenebi<strong>da</strong>n, rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>tyveveb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. <strong>is</strong>ini<br />

gamoqveynebuli iqna 1999 wels, MI – 5 <strong>is</strong> mier. Canaweri:<br />

,,originali PF 54592 haushoferi 86 X Box 487 Held R. 3. 6”<br />

aRniSnavs saqaRaldes, sai<strong>da</strong>nac es dokumentebi ar<strong>is</strong><br />

amoRebuli.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong> arqivi<br />

asli: yuTi 5<br />

edinburgi<br />

12 ma<strong>is</strong>i, 1941<br />

Cen 6/95/B. R. 1/<br />

BR to a.s.makivers, Esg<br />

153

Zvirfaso makiver<br />

es-es ar<strong>is</strong> macnobes telefoniT am diliT, mas Semdeg<br />

roca me gacnobeT Tqven, rom SabaT-kviras, 10-11 ma<strong>is</strong>s,<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebiT SuaRam<strong>is</strong>as ,,meserSmit-110” <strong>da</strong>eSva renhrenSirSi. <strong>is</strong><br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> axali manqana <strong>da</strong> iaraRi ar yofila gamoyenebuli. mas<br />

marTav<strong>da</strong> erTi kaci, romelmac ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom aqvs cnoba<br />

hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>. <strong>is</strong> ayvanili iqna RAF-<strong>is</strong> mier <strong>da</strong> axla<br />

imyofeba merihil<strong>is</strong> barakebSi, glazgoSi. es informacia<br />

gadmomca Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> adgilobrivma departamentma, romelmac<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv, Seityo rehrenSir<strong>is</strong> polici<strong>is</strong>gan. me <strong>da</strong>vukavSirdi<br />

supervizing<strong>is</strong> departaments (D.A.P.M.) Sotlandii<strong>da</strong>n, imave<br />

departament<strong>is</strong> F/Lt #18 jgufs <strong>da</strong> RAF-<strong>is</strong> baza omtos<br />

Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> ogems<strong>is</strong> meTaurs, romelic cdilob<strong>da</strong> ufro meti<br />

informaci<strong>is</strong> mopovebas. SevZeli mecnobebina, rom faqtebi<br />

roml<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb naTqvamia zemoT, iyo arsebiTad swori <strong>da</strong><br />

vacnobe RAF-<strong>is</strong> sainformacio samsaxur<strong>is</strong> Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> meTaurT,<br />

rom saqme ga<strong>da</strong>eces umaRles avtoritetul pirT.<br />

me gadmomces informacia TqvenTv<strong>is</strong>, rom hercogi<br />

hamiltoni ar<strong>is</strong> eWvmitanilTa siaSi.<br />

Tqveni erTguli<br />

r. vatti<br />

maior p. k. perfeqt<strong>is</strong>agan.<br />

Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> regionaluri Tav<strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong> oficeri<br />

as makiveri, esq.<br />

yuTi nomeri 500,<br />

oqsfordi.<br />

154

originalSi FF 54592 haushoferi 68 xy yuTi 487.<br />

gatarebuli R.3.6.<br />

am dokument<strong>is</strong> mixedviT naTelia, rom hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

saxeli figurirebs r. hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenaSi. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile<br />

Wkviani kac<strong>is</strong> saxeliT sargeblob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong> seriozuli mizn<strong>is</strong><br />

gareSe ingl<strong>is</strong>Si ar gafrindebo<strong>da</strong>, miT ufro sakuTari<br />

sicocxl<strong>is</strong> fasad. m<strong>is</strong>i azrovneba realobas mowyvetili rodi<br />

gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. sayuradReboa werili, romelic man <strong>da</strong>utova hitlers<br />

gafrenamde: ,,Tu Cemo fiurero, Cemi gafrena aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />

warumatebeli, maSin me gamomacxadeT giJad. germani<strong>is</strong><br />

intereseb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> ase sjobia”[37,103]. am<strong>is</strong> paralelurad<br />

moviyvanT dialogs, romelic Sedga aviaci<strong>is</strong> marSal herman<br />

geringsa <strong>da</strong> aviakostruqtor vili meserSmits Sor<strong>is</strong>. es<br />

ukanaskneli geringma <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>naSaula im mosazrebiT, rom mas r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> TviTmfrinav<strong>is</strong> wayvan<strong>is</strong> ufleba ar un<strong>da</strong> mieca,<br />

TiTqos<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i gonebrivi d<strong>is</strong>kreditaci<strong>is</strong> mizeziT. gering<strong>is</strong> am<br />

gamowvevaze v. meserSmidtma upasuxa: mapatieT batono marSalo,<br />

magram ar vicodi mesame raix<strong>is</strong> imperiaSi mesame kaci SeSlili<br />

Tu iyo, ratom Tqven ar gauSviT samsaxuri<strong>da</strong>n. aseT Wkvianur<br />

pasuxs gering<strong>is</strong> kmayofileba gamouwvevia. RimiliT Segebebia<br />

m<strong>is</strong> naTqvams <strong>da</strong> pasuxad uTqvams: ra gonebamaxvili yofilxar<br />

vil, ganagrZeT Tqveni saqme, me viqnebi im<strong>is</strong> garanti, rom am<br />

sakiTxze Tqven ar mogekiTxebaT. es momavalSi marTlac<br />

<strong>da</strong>pireb<strong>is</strong>amebr mox<strong>da</strong>. r. hesi simulireb<strong>da</strong> mexsiereb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>kargvas mas Semdeg, roca mixv<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>ia Cavar<strong>da</strong>. mas didxans<br />

155

ar undo<strong>da</strong> am marcx<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>jereba <strong>da</strong> ebrZo<strong>da</strong> azrs, rom rwmenad<br />

ar Camoyalibebuliyo. es ucxo qveyanaSi myof rudolfs<br />

SemarTebas waarTmev<strong>da</strong>, rac esoden sWirdebo<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan<br />

zav<strong>is</strong> warmatebiT <strong>da</strong>gvirgvineb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>. hercogi hamiltoni m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

Cafren<strong>is</strong> momentSi b<strong>da</strong>morigeo baza ternhausSi, oficialurad<br />

ki SvebulebaSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong>. rogorc Cans, fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile<br />

am<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb informirebuli iyo, amitom aiRo kursi<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> mamul<strong>is</strong>aken. migvaCnia, rom didi britaneT<strong>is</strong><br />

saaviacio s<strong>is</strong>tem<strong>is</strong> saukeTesod mcodne hercogma, saSiSroeba<br />

igrZno ingl<strong>is</strong>uri ra<strong>da</strong>r<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n, romelic ucxo<br />

TviTmfrinavs Semosvl<strong>is</strong>Tanave <strong>da</strong>afiqsireb<strong>da</strong>. es m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

ganadgureb<strong>is</strong> utyuar SesaZleblobas qmni<strong>da</strong>. <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong><br />

gamomdinare vfiqrobT, hamiltonma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita Tavad yofiliyo<br />

saaviacio bazaze <strong>da</strong> Tavad mieRo usafrTxoeb<strong>is</strong> zomebi, rom r.<br />

hesi haerSi ar gaenadgurebinaT. rogorc cnobilia, man gasca<br />

brZaneba: ,,ar esroloT”. magram Tu gaviTval<strong>is</strong>winebT im<br />

faqtors, rom hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> ukan SIS idga, didi<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> es samsaxuri ar iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>interesebuli hitler<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> likvi<strong>da</strong>ciiT. faqtia,<br />

rom r. hesi hitler<strong>is</strong> ndobiT aRWurvili piri gaxl<strong>da</strong>T <strong>da</strong><br />

samxedro informaci<strong>is</strong> mopoveb<strong>is</strong> Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT, om<strong>is</strong> dros<br />

Zvirfasi ,,na<strong>da</strong>vli” iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. bunebrivia, gaCndeba kiTxva ratom<br />

mainc<strong>da</strong>mainc hercogi hamiltoni gana ar SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> SIS igive<br />

pirobebi <strong>da</strong>eyenebia im a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>ac, vinc hercogs droebiT<br />

Secvli<strong>da</strong> ternhaus<strong>is</strong> bazaze. vfiqrobT, <strong>da</strong>zverva informaci<strong>is</strong><br />

gaJonvas moeri<strong>da</strong>, hamiltoni ki ukve saqm<strong>is</strong> kursSi yav<strong>da</strong>T. Tu<br />

SesaZleblad miviCnevT im mosazreb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sabuTebas, rom<br />

hercogi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>, maSin un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>veyrdnoT im<br />

156

versias, rom hamiltoni elo<strong>da</strong> hess. amitom imyofebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong><br />

hes<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> saSiS zonaSi, raTa <strong>da</strong>ecva <strong>da</strong> exsna a. haushofer<strong>is</strong><br />

megobari <strong>da</strong>Rupv<strong>is</strong>agan. rogorc viciT, <strong>da</strong>zvervam hercog<br />

hamiltons <strong>da</strong>avala a. haushoferTan Sexvedra <strong>da</strong> im dros,<br />

rodesac es ukanaskneli Tav<strong>is</strong>i qveyn<strong>is</strong> sazRvrebs gareT<br />

imyofebo<strong>da</strong>, hamiltonic ramdenime dRiT saidumlo viTarebaSi<br />

gauCinar<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>i qveyni<strong>da</strong>n. oficialurad cnobili araa, maTi<br />

Sexvedra Sedga Tu ara. Tu diax, maSin ufro meti safuZveli<br />

gvaqvs vivaraudoT, rom hercogi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad imoqmedeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

hamiltoni yvela SemTxvevaSi albrexts pir<strong>is</strong>pir Sexvedr<strong>is</strong>as<br />

mianiSneb<strong>da</strong> politikur angaJirebaze, rom <strong>is</strong> sakuTari neb<strong>is</strong><br />

sawinaaRmdegod moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>. albrextic gaugeb<strong>da</strong> mas <strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong><br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> saqmes win aRar wamoswev<strong>da</strong>. gavixsenoT, ras<br />

eubneba <strong>is</strong> rudolfs erT-erT werilSi. ,,mas (hercogs) ar<br />

SeuZlia Tav<strong>is</strong>i qveyni<strong>da</strong>n gasvla, Tav<strong>is</strong> mTavrobasTan<br />

SeTanxmeb<strong>is</strong> gareSe, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc me ar SemiZlia <strong>da</strong>vtovo Cemi<br />

qveyn<strong>is</strong> sazRvrebi Cems mTavrobasTan SeuTanxmeblad’’[1,674].<br />

gamomdinare <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong>, Tu hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> randevu germanel<br />

megobarTan Sedga romelime neitraluri qveyn<strong>is</strong> qalaqSi, a.<br />

haushoferi eWvs gareSea un<strong>da</strong> mixvedriliyo, rom ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

mTavroba saqm<strong>is</strong> kursSi u<strong>da</strong>od iyo. aki hercogs albrextTan<br />

Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> mizniT, qveyn<strong>is</strong> sazRvreb<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>kveTa uxdebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

SesaZlebelia, aq meore sakiTxic gamoikveTos. bunebrivia,<br />

yovelive am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, a. haushoferma ivarau<strong>da</strong>, rom mTavrobac<br />

zav<strong>is</strong> mosurne iyo. amitom, m<strong>is</strong>ces hamiltons masTan Sexvedr<strong>is</strong><br />

ufleba. cnobilia, rom ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zavebas bevri<br />

momxre yav<strong>da</strong> didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> mTavrobaSi. vfiqrobT, a.<br />

haushofers mxedvelobaSi ar miuRia <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> roli <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

157

<strong>da</strong>niSnuleba hercog<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> haushofer<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebeli Sexvedr<strong>is</strong><br />

mowyobaSi. albaT, a. haushoferi <strong>da</strong> r. hesi am sakiTxSi ver<br />

xe<strong>da</strong>vdnen <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias Tu mTavroba zav<strong>is</strong> mosurne<br />

iyo, <strong>da</strong>zverva ki mTavrob<strong>is</strong> ukan idga. zemoTqmuli<strong>da</strong>n<br />

gamomdinare, hercogi <strong>da</strong>moukideblad moqmedeb<strong>da</strong> Tu mTavrob<strong>is</strong><br />

karnaxiT, <strong>is</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> am m<strong>is</strong>iaSi Tavi<strong>da</strong>n bolomde Cabmuli<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. amitom, zemoTmoyvanili dokumenturi mtkicebuleba<br />

simarTles Seesabameba <strong>da</strong> kidev erTxel aZlierebs Cvens<br />

mosazrebas, am sakiTxSi hamilton<strong>is</strong> qmediTi rol<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb.<br />

,,<strong>is</strong> eWvmitanilTa siaSi iricxeba” _ atyobinebs vatti,<br />

regionaluri Tav<strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong> oficeri makivers - as<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanels.<br />

hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>amarTiT TviT Sotlandielebi aseT<br />

braldebas ver gabe<strong>da</strong>vdnen, rom saqme ufro seriozuli ar<br />

yofiliyo, vidre erTi SexedviT Can<strong>da</strong>. hercogi samefo karze<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebuli piri gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, amitom m<strong>is</strong>i mbralmdeblebi<br />

dezinformacias ar <strong>da</strong>eyrdnobodnen, mas ga<strong>da</strong>amowmebdnen.<br />

yovel SemTxvevaSi, mas mwvave korespodenci<strong>is</strong> sababad ar<br />

gaixdidnen. Tu hercogi am saqmeSi sufTa gaxl<strong>da</strong>T, amas<br />

ubralod ar akadrebdnen. Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> regionaluri Tav<strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong><br />

oficeri saqmeSi Caxedili iyo <strong>da</strong> mas zustad ecodinebo<strong>da</strong> ras<br />

ambob<strong>da</strong>. sifrTxile <strong>da</strong> zomiereba gamorCeul kacTa xvedria.<br />

frTxili a<strong>da</strong>miani yovelTv<strong>is</strong> gawonasworebulia Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

qmedebebSi, SorsmWvretelia bunebiT, sityvaZunwia metyvelebaSi.<br />

bolomde aanalizebs ra Seqmnil viTarebas, saqm<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>sasrulamde xe<strong>da</strong>vs Sedegs. amgvari naTeli goneb<strong>is</strong> iSviaTi<br />

a<strong>da</strong>mianebi movlenebs Sori<strong>da</strong>n uyureben, raTa gansj<strong>is</strong> ufleba<br />

Tavad <strong>da</strong>itovon. civi goneba yovelTv<strong>is</strong> obieqturi<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebeb<strong>is</strong> koniuqturaa. Tu aseTi goneb<strong>is</strong> matarebeli<br />

158

cirkulacias axdens Tanamdebobriv saqmesa <strong>da</strong> pirad gancdebs<br />

Sor<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> aregulirebs maT, statusi Tan<strong>da</strong>yolili<br />

inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobeb<strong>is</strong>a, _ qvotums qmn<strong>is</strong>:<br />

individualur niWsa <strong>da</strong> Wkuas Sor<strong>is</strong>. niWi fenomenaluri<br />

<strong>da</strong>tvirTvaa, magram roca Wkua ar aRemateba niWierebas,<br />

obieqtur xedvas acdeba <strong>da</strong> advili SesaZlebelia niWi Wku<strong>is</strong><br />

gavlen<strong>is</strong> qveS aRmoCndes. Tu es ori sakuTreba saTanado<br />

simaRleze ar aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> erT a<strong>da</strong>mianSi, pirovneba realobas<br />

mowydeba. niSandoblivia, ra mimarTulebas SesZens mas<br />

gamocdileba an gnebavT im a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan urTierToba,<br />

romlebic mu<strong>da</strong>m m<strong>is</strong> garSemo trialebs. Wkviani a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong><br />

amosavali niWia, magram aq ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti mniSvneloba<br />

xar<strong>is</strong>xobriv <strong>da</strong> raodenobriv maCveneblebs eniWeba. Semdeg iZens<br />

mimarTulebas im samyaroSi, romelSic mas uwevs cxovreba,<br />

iZens ganzomilebas im<strong>is</strong><strong>da</strong> mixedviT, rogor uwevs cxovreba.<br />

pirovnebas un<strong>da</strong> qondes am ori Tv<strong>is</strong>eb<strong>is</strong> warmoCen<strong>is</strong><br />

SesaZlebloba. Zlevamosili un<strong>da</strong> iyos sakuTar xedvaSi <strong>da</strong><br />

uflebamosili sakuTar qmedebebSi. Tavaziani gabedulebasTan<br />

erTad <strong>da</strong> zomieri pir<strong>da</strong>pirob<strong>is</strong> paralelurad. un<strong>da</strong> icodes<br />

revanS<strong>is</strong> aReba, ieriSze ga<strong>da</strong>svl<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> mzadeba aucilebel<br />

garemoebebSi, magram amasTan aucileblob<strong>is</strong> SegrZnebasac un<strong>da</strong><br />

flobdes. saWiro dros, saWiro adgilas un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />

mizanmimarTuli <strong>da</strong> utyuari. Tu a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> msazRvrelobiTi<br />

buneba qmediTunarianobas moklebulia, m<strong>is</strong>gan didi saqmeeb<strong>is</strong><br />

keTebas ar un<strong>da</strong> velodoT. Tu pirovneba gaTviTcnobiereb<strong>is</strong><br />

delikatur simaRleze ar imyofeba, masTan Znelia neb<strong>is</strong>yof<strong>is</strong><br />

povna, romelic zomiereb<strong>is</strong> burjia. simarTl<strong>is</strong> Tqm<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>uokebeli wyurvili simarTl<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgen<strong>is</strong>as miRebuli<br />

159

eiforiuli ganwyob<strong>is</strong> Sedegia. obieqturoba SiS<strong>is</strong> safuZvels<br />

xsn<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> am<strong>is</strong> Sedegad gamowveuli Sinagani Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleba<br />

uSualob<strong>is</strong> mflobelia. krZalva Tavazianob<strong>is</strong> nayofia, ridi<br />

pativ<strong>is</strong>cem<strong>is</strong> produqti. amaT paralelurad, <strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong><br />

Seurigebeli iyos. sxvagvarad, warmatebuli ver iqneba.<br />

arsebobs a<strong>da</strong>mianTa urTierTob<strong>is</strong> formebi, romlebic<br />

Zalzed individualuri <strong>da</strong> SezRudulia. pirovneba erTsa <strong>da</strong><br />

imave garemoebaSi SeiZleba erT a<strong>da</strong>mianTan moiqces sxvagvarad,<br />

meoresTan ki sxvagvarad. amitom Tu pirvelTan urTierTobaSi<br />

uaryofiTi mxare gamoCn<strong>da</strong>, es sulac araa m<strong>is</strong>i minusi.<br />

urTierTob<strong>is</strong> formas a<strong>da</strong>mianebs erTmaneTTan urTierToba<br />

karnaxobs, amdenad es formebi erTgvarovani ver iqneba.<br />

hamilton - hess Sor<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba srulebiT ar iyo<br />

<strong>is</strong>eTi, rogoric hamilton - haushofer<strong>is</strong>a. am ukanasknelTa<br />

urTierTobam, garkveulwilad, gavlena iqonia hes<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> urTier<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaze, radgan a. haushoferi<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgilesTan axlo kavSirSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxelebul pirTagan, samive Wkviani <strong>da</strong> frTxili a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />

iyo. magaram maT SemTxvevaSi arsebob<strong>da</strong> rigi garemoebebi, rac<br />

xel<strong>is</strong>SemSlel faqtorad iqca sasurveli mizn<strong>is</strong> miRwevaSi.<br />

didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> roli maT urTierTobaSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>mabrkolebel garemoebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. moviyvanT<br />

dokuments, romelic kidev ufro amyarebs haushoferhamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

kavSirs. aseve aRniSnulia faqti, sa<strong>da</strong>c premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

Caxeduloba igrZnoba r. hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>iaSi.<br />

160

originalSi 2 F 54592 haushoferi 68a y yuTi 487<br />

asli 1 X<br />

me gavemgzavre aviaci<strong>is</strong> samin<strong>is</strong>troSi dRes, SuadR<strong>is</strong>as <strong>da</strong><br />

vnaxe aviaci<strong>is</strong> vice-marSali medharsti A.C.A.S.1 <strong>is</strong> SemekiTxa:<br />

vicodi Tu ara SemTxveviT raime haushoferze. me vuTxari mas,<br />

rom miviRe werili, sa<strong>da</strong>c xazgasmulia ambavi, romelic CemTv<strong>is</strong><br />

ukve cnobili iyo. es ar<strong>is</strong> hercog hamiltonsa <strong>da</strong> haushofers<br />

Sor<strong>is</strong> arsebuli kavSiri. Semdeg medharstma mkiTxa: Tu<br />

msmeno<strong>da</strong> axali saqm<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. vupasuxe: ara. man miambo<br />

Semdegi: SabaT RamiT, ,,meserSmit-110” <strong>da</strong>eSva SotlandiaSi <strong>da</strong><br />

mfrinavi, romelic <strong>da</strong>Sav<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>iyvanes hospitalSi. rodesac aq<br />

moiyvanes, <strong>is</strong> kiTxulob<strong>da</strong> SeeZlo Tu ara enaxa hercogi<br />

hamiltoni, rameTu m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> Camotanili qon<strong>da</strong> cnoba<br />

haushoferi<strong>da</strong>n. samwuxarod, medharstma ar ico<strong>da</strong> am mfrinav<strong>is</strong><br />

saxeli. cudi komunikacieb<strong>is</strong> gamo, medharsti uZluri iyo<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebo<strong>da</strong> aviaci<strong>is</strong> podpolkovniks helkins, v<strong>is</strong>Tanac <strong>is</strong><br />

imedovneb<strong>da</strong> Se<strong>is</strong>wavli<strong>da</strong> ufro met detalebs. yovelive am<strong>is</strong><br />

Semdeg, aviaci<strong>is</strong> vice marSalma medharstma miTxra, rom ser<br />

arCilbad sinkleri atareb<strong>da</strong> uikends premier-min<strong>is</strong>trTan <strong>da</strong><br />

rom maT gamoiZaxes hercogi hamiltoni kviras.<br />

me <strong>is</strong>eTi STabeWdileba <strong>da</strong>mrCa ser arCilbad sinklerze<br />

Sekrebili cnobebi<strong>da</strong>n, rom medharsts undo<strong>da</strong> ufro meti<br />

scodno<strong>da</strong> haushoferze. <strong>da</strong>vpirdi, rom Sevecdebodi cnobeb<strong>is</strong><br />

Sekrebas, regionaluri of<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> meSveobiT edinburgSi. gavigebdi<br />

ufro met detalebs am SemTxvevaze <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT<br />

mfrinav<strong>is</strong> saxels. agreTve vauwye medharsts, rom Cven<br />

161

araviTari informacia ar gvqon<strong>da</strong> am kac<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. medharstma<br />

miTxra, rom sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tri m<strong>is</strong>ter ideni iyo<br />

<strong>da</strong>interesebuli am saqmiT.<br />

me <strong>da</strong>vbrundi of<strong>is</strong>Si <strong>da</strong> movaxsene es m<strong>is</strong>ter vaits.<br />

amasTan, telefoniT <strong>da</strong>vukavSirdi m<strong>is</strong>ter uatsons,<br />

regionaluri oficr<strong>is</strong> as<strong>is</strong>tents edinburgSi. mas <strong>da</strong>vavale,<br />

rom Seegrovebina cnobebi am SemTxvev<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> ecnobebina<br />

CemTv<strong>is</strong>.<br />

ukanaskneli Ram<strong>is</strong> 9 saaTian axal ambebSi germaniam<br />

gadmosca cnoba, rom rudolf hesi TviTmfrinaviT saidumlo<br />

viTarebaSi gauCinar<strong>da</strong>. im dRevandeli gazeTebi<strong>da</strong>nac aSkara<br />

iyo, rom mfrinavi iyo ara vinme sxva, aramed rudolf hesi. me<br />

vesaubre edinburg<strong>is</strong> meirs, romelmac <strong>da</strong>mireka am diliT <strong>da</strong><br />

miTxra, rom hesi imyofeba merihil<strong>is</strong> barakebSi, glazgoSi <strong>da</strong><br />

rom hercogi hamiltoni imyofebo<strong>da</strong> masTan erTi saaaT<strong>is</strong><br />

ganmavlobaSi kvira diliT, r<strong>is</strong> Semdeg <strong>is</strong> gaemgzavra premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

sanaxavad.<br />

B.2.a 13. 5. 41<br />

t. a. robertsoni<br />

am dokument<strong>is</strong> mixedviT, kidev erTxel <strong>da</strong>sturdeba hercog<br />

hamiltonsa <strong>da</strong> haushofers Sor<strong>is</strong> arsebuli kavSiri.<br />

mogexsenebaT, a. haushoferi r. hes<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>valebiT moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />

yvelafers rasac akeTeb<strong>da</strong> albrexti hesTan iyo SeTanxmebuli.<br />

es ukanaskneli ki mas fiurers uTanxmeb<strong>da</strong>. amdenad, haushoferhamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

nacnoboba saxelmwifo doneze iyo apriorebuli. am<br />

dokument<strong>is</strong> mixedviT, aseve <strong>da</strong>sturdeba hamilton<strong>is</strong> hesTan<br />

162

Sexvedra, hes<strong>is</strong> Cafreni<strong>da</strong>n meore dRes <strong>da</strong> imav dRes, hamilton-<br />

CerCil<strong>is</strong> randevu ditCl<strong>is</strong> agarakze, romelsac aviaci<strong>is</strong><br />

min<strong>is</strong>tri ser arCilbad sinkleric <strong>da</strong>swrebia. Tumca, r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

gafren<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb informacia metad gasidumloebuli yofila.<br />

cenzura iyo gamkacrebuli presaze. TviTmxilvelsac, vinc r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> SotlandiaSi Cafrenas Seeswro, ar qon<strong>da</strong> ufleba<br />

sakuTari Sexedulebebi sajarod <strong>da</strong>ekonkretebia. greham<br />

donaldi - maiori samefo sa<strong>da</strong>mkvirveblo korpusi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />

pirveli msoflio om<strong>is</strong> dros mfrinavi <strong>da</strong> mogvianebiT<br />

glazgos im kompani<strong>is</strong> direqtori, romelic moxal<strong>is</strong>ed<br />

agzavni<strong>da</strong> jar<strong>is</strong>kacebs ROC-Tv<strong>is</strong> omSi, fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

Camofren<strong>is</strong> Rames imyofebo<strong>da</strong> StabSi. man ico<strong>da</strong> germanuli<br />

kargad, radgan odesRac miunxenSi cxovrob<strong>da</strong>. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

Camofreni<strong>da</strong>n 24 saaTSi man <strong>da</strong>wera moxseneba, es moxseneba<br />

Semdeg statiad iqca. am statiaSi donaldi ixseniebs Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

Tanamgzavrs gihvnokSi, romelic axl<strong>da</strong> hesTan saubr<strong>is</strong><br />

procesSi. es yofila RAF-<strong>is</strong> oficeri, donaldma mas statiaSi<br />

uwo<strong>da</strong> ,,mfrinavi oficeri malkolmi”. saerTo oficialur<br />

moxsenebaSi masze araferia naTqvami. jeims lizor<strong>is</strong><br />

originalur xelnawerSi moixsenieba donaldTan erTad myofi<br />

pirovneba, RAF-<strong>is</strong> aviaci<strong>is</strong> podpolkovniki, magram es adgili<br />

amoiRes gamosaqveynebeli versii<strong>da</strong>n. <strong>is</strong>m<strong>is</strong> kiTxva ratom<br />

SesaZlebelia imitom,+ rom RAF-<strong>is</strong> oficeri iyo hercogi<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> Zma, lordi malkolm duglas hamiltoni, aviaci<strong>is</strong><br />

podpolkovniki. am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri<br />

yovelgvar iniciativas axSob<strong>da</strong>, am form<strong>is</strong> mkacri gagebiT. am<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesabam<strong>is</strong>ad moviyvanT kidev erT dokuments.<br />

163

Zvirfaso m<strong>is</strong>ter makbrid<br />

me miTxres mTeli im saSineli biznes<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, romelic<br />

<strong>da</strong>mafiqrebelia <strong>da</strong> kategoriulad gafrTxilebT Tqven,<br />

SewyviteT hes<strong>is</strong> es biznesi. SeiZleba es mogeCvenoT mkacrad.,<br />

magram getyviT am<strong>is</strong> mizezs. pirvel yovl<strong>is</strong>a, Tqven ar<br />

gifiqriaT, rom neb<strong>is</strong>mieri informaci<strong>is</strong> gaJonviT, SesaZlebelia<br />

<strong>is</strong>argeblos mterma, Tu <strong>is</strong> gaxdeba cnobili im dro<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>,<br />

roca hesi iqneba ga<strong>da</strong>yvanili samxedro samsaxurSi, neb<strong>is</strong>mieri<br />

samxedro nawil<strong>is</strong> mier. m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> sakmar<strong>is</strong>i iqneba mxolod ori<br />

dRe s<strong>is</strong>ruleSi moiyvanos m<strong>is</strong>i meTaur<strong>is</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong> gegma, riTac<br />

gasress mmarTvelob<strong>is</strong> organos. meore, samxedro samsaxur<strong>is</strong><br />

oficialur moxsenebaSi naTqvamia, rom <strong>is</strong> ipova adgilobrivma<br />

fermerma <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sca adgilobriv <strong>da</strong>cvas. es ar<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>, roml<strong>is</strong><br />

winaaRmdegac Sen ar SegiZlia <strong>da</strong>va. Cven viciT, rac mox<strong>da</strong><br />

sinamdvileSi, magram ar SegviZlia gavceT neb<strong>is</strong>mieri dro<strong>is</strong><br />

ganmavlobaSi an raime mtruli moqmedeb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, romelic<br />

SesaZlebelia Sevides oficialur saidumlo oqmSi. zemoT ar<strong>is</strong><br />

raRac, razec Cven SevficeT, safuZvlad ki Tavs mogvaxvies<br />

SeTanxmeba, rom dumili am SemTxvevaSi iqneba salocavi xati.<br />

Tu Tqven <strong>is</strong>urvebT gahyveT am saqmes Tqven waxvalT r<strong>is</strong>kze<br />

<strong>da</strong> Tqven SeZlebT SeaSfoToT krazanas bude. vwuxvar amgvari<br />

uimedob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>, magram Tqveni gul<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>.<br />

Tqveni erTguli<br />

xelmowera W. V. Howleson<br />

<strong>da</strong>niel makbridi iyo serJanti samefo saaviacio<br />

korpusi<strong>da</strong>n. rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> SotlandiaSi Cafren<strong>is</strong> dRes, <strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

164

m<strong>is</strong>i amxanagi serJanti emir mor<strong>is</strong>i icavdnen iglSem hauz<strong>is</strong><br />

samxedro bazas. <strong>is</strong>ini iyvnen pirvelebi, romlebic mividnen<br />

hesTan manam, vidre adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong>cva Camovido<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>iyvan<strong>da</strong> mas. om<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, makbridma <strong>da</strong>wera sakuTari<br />

Sexedulebebi, im Ramindeli movleneb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, magram m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

moxseneba, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc mor<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong>, ar gamoaqveynes. embargo<br />

<strong>da</strong>ades. ufro metic, imav Rames movi<strong>da</strong> werili makbrid<strong>is</strong><br />

saxelze m<strong>is</strong>i ufrosi oficr<strong>is</strong> u. v. hovieson<strong>is</strong>gan: Seewyvita<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> irgvliv sakuTari wamowyeba, rasac werilSi spekulaciiT<br />

xsn<strong>is</strong>. am weril<strong>is</strong> mixedviT, aSkara xdeba Tu rogori<br />

gasaidumloebuli yofila hes<strong>is</strong> saqme. ar<strong>is</strong> mkacri miTiTebebi<br />

<strong>da</strong> faruli muqarac saidumlos gacem<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi.<br />

sainteresoa, v<strong>is</strong> gul<strong>is</strong>xmob<strong>da</strong> weril<strong>is</strong> avtori ,,krazanas<br />

budeSi”. vfiqrobT, premier-min<strong>is</strong>trs uinston CerCils <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong><br />

mTavrobas, romelic <strong>da</strong>JinebiT moiTxov<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> irgvliv<br />

atexili aJiotaJ<strong>is</strong> gaufasurebas <strong>da</strong> saerTod, am sakiTx<strong>is</strong><br />

miCqmalvas, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c es SesaZlebeli iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. am mizniT<br />

urCia man hercog hamiltons gamoetana sarCeli<br />

sasamarTlo<strong>da</strong>n, rac s<strong>is</strong>ruleSi iqna moyvanili[kgb-es<br />

arqivi2,12]. hamiltonma ingl<strong>is</strong>Si komun<strong>is</strong>turi parti<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

wamoyenebuli braldeb<strong>is</strong> baTilad cnob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> sakiTxi<br />

oficialurad sasamarTloSi waradgina. mosalodneli<br />

garTulebeb<strong>is</strong> Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileb<strong>is</strong> mizniT, premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma mas<br />

ukan <strong>da</strong>xeva urCia. im dReebSi ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> parlamenti Zalian<br />

SfoTav<strong>da</strong>, deputatebi eWvs qveS ayenebdnen hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

pozicias[2,89]. deputati glazgo<strong>da</strong>n, j. j. devidsoni faqtiurad<br />

lordi-nacvali, sagrafos sasamarTlo <strong>da</strong> aRmasrulebeli<br />

xel<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> nominaluri meTauri, jiqur gamodio<strong>da</strong><br />

165

hamilton<strong>is</strong> winaaRmdeg: ,,me vesaubre bevr gamocdil mfrinavs –<br />

ambob<strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong>, romlebmac gamoricxes esoden grZel <strong>da</strong> rTul<br />

gzaze, m<strong>is</strong>i (hes<strong>is</strong>) marto frena. maS, vin dgas hes<strong>is</strong> zurgs<br />

ukan xalxi <strong>da</strong>eWvebulia <strong>da</strong> amitom simarTle ainteresebs.<br />

gamoricxuli araa Sotlandieli xalx<strong>is</strong> azri: hes<strong>is</strong><br />

TviTmfrinavi rom ar <strong>da</strong>msxvreuliyo, mas sawvavs Causxamdnen<br />

<strong>da</strong> ukan <strong>da</strong>abrunebdnen germaniaSi. gana, vin ar<strong>is</strong> am<strong>is</strong> garanti,<br />

rom es ase ar moxdebo<strong>da</strong>!“ deputatma slounma ki sityviT<br />

gamosvl<strong>is</strong>as aRniSna: ,,spitfaieri” imitom <strong>da</strong>adevnes hes<strong>is</strong><br />

TviTmfrinavs, rom uzrunvelyo m<strong>is</strong>i mSvidobianad <strong>da</strong>Sveba,<br />

Seesrulebia Tav<strong>is</strong>i m<strong>is</strong>ia <strong>da</strong> gafreniliyo ukan <strong>is</strong>e, rom<br />

Sotlandieli xalxi amas verc ki gaigeb<strong>da</strong>”. am dros, mas<br />

sityva gaawyvetia deputatma ser persi hardma: ,,amas ver<br />

gaakeTeb<strong>da</strong> sawvav<strong>is</strong> Casxm<strong>is</strong> gareSe”; razec slounma upasuxa:<br />

,,benzins iolad miiReb<strong>da</strong>. aviaci<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>trma <strong>is</strong>ic ki uaryo,<br />

rom hercogi <strong>da</strong> hesi erTmaneTs arasodes ar Sexvedrian, magram<br />

Cven xom viciT, hercogi berlinSi olimpiur TamaSebze<br />

imyofebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> eswrebo<strong>da</strong> yvela im Ron<strong>is</strong>Ziebebs, rasac Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

mxriv hesi. hercogma hamiltonma un<strong>da</strong> gvipasuxos unaxavs Tu<br />

ara hesi <strong>da</strong> esaubra Tu ara mas. sakiTxi garkveul gamokvlevas<br />

saWiroebs. saubarSi spikeri Caeria: ,,imedia batoni deputati ar<br />

fiqrobs, Crdili miayenos lordTa palat<strong>is</strong> wevrebs (saubaria<br />

hamiltonze). ara, ser! - ga<strong>is</strong>ma pasuxad – me ubralod<br />

gakvirvebuli var <strong>da</strong> mainteresebs, xom ar uRalata mas<br />

gonebam”[2,89]<br />

rogorc viciT, hercogi hamiltoni samefo-sahaero Zaleb<strong>is</strong><br />

meTauri gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. maSin rodesac germanulma TviTmfrinavma<br />

,,meserSmit-110”-ma Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> sazRvri ga<strong>da</strong>kveTa, <strong>is</strong><br />

166

imyofebo<strong>da</strong> ternhaus<strong>is</strong> samxedro samorigeo bazaze. ucnobi,<br />

eulad mfreni sabrZolo TviTmfrinav<strong>is</strong> gamoCen<strong>is</strong>as,<br />

hamiltonma gankarguleba gasca ar CamoegdoT, mxolod<br />

<strong>da</strong>devnebodnen ingl<strong>is</strong>uri spitfaierebiT. gvian RamiT,<br />

ternhausSi movi<strong>da</strong> informacia aRSnuli TviTmfrinav<strong>is</strong><br />

glazgosTan axlos Camovardn<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>msxvrev<strong>is</strong>. informaci<strong>is</strong><br />

miReb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, hercogi <strong>da</strong>saZineblad gaeSura. umokles<br />

droSi, <strong>is</strong> satelefono xazze gamoiZaxes <strong>da</strong> acnobes, rom<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>ti mfrinavi <strong>da</strong>JinebiT moiTxov<strong>da</strong> masTan Sexvedras.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, kvira diliT, meore dRes hercogi Sexv<strong>da</strong> am<br />

mfrinavs <strong>da</strong> am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, hamiltoni cdilobs <strong>da</strong>ukavSirdes<br />

sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> mudmiv moadgiles aleqsandre<br />

kadogans. a. kadogan<strong>is</strong> mdivanTan satelefono saubr<strong>is</strong>as,<br />

rodesac hercogi arkvev<strong>da</strong> rod<strong>is</strong> SeZleb<strong>da</strong> masTan Sexvedras,<br />

erTveba premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> piradi mdivani jok kolvili <strong>da</strong><br />

interesdeba Tu ase <strong>da</strong>JinebiT ratom iTxovs hamiltoni al.<br />

kadoganTan Sexvedras. niSandoblivia, rom <strong>swored</strong> jok<br />

kolvil<strong>is</strong> am satelefono CarTv<strong>is</strong> Semdeg icvleba hercog<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba <strong>da</strong> <strong>is</strong> xvdeba premier-min<strong>is</strong>trs, sagareo saqmeTa<br />

min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> mudmivi moadgil<strong>is</strong> nacvlad. hamiltons sityvieri<br />

winaaRmdegoba ar gauwevia kolvil<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>. <strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Tanxm<strong>da</strong><br />

wasuliyo CerCil<strong>is</strong> sanaxavad ditClSi. cxadia, hercogi<br />

u<strong>da</strong>od mixv<strong>da</strong>, rom hes<strong>is</strong> Camofren<strong>is</strong> sakiTxSi, r<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb<br />

hamiltons kadogan<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> un<strong>da</strong> ecnobebia, Caxedili iyo<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>tric. u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> saparlamento mdivn<strong>is</strong><br />

moulodneli satelefono CarTva am<strong>is</strong> mimaniSnebeli uTuod<br />

iyo. hercogi <strong>da</strong>hyva umaRlesob<strong>is</strong> nebas. gavixsenoT, ras eubneba<br />

hamiltoni ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zvervas, rodesac mas SesTavazes<br />

167

diplomatiuri TamaS<strong>is</strong> wamowyeba m<strong>is</strong> uaxloes megobarTan<br />

albrext haushoferTan, m<strong>is</strong>ave <strong>da</strong>Tqmul m<strong>is</strong>amarTze -<br />

portugaliaSi Sexvedr<strong>is</strong> mizniT: ,,me waval maSin Tu amas<br />

zemo<strong>da</strong>n mibrZaneben”[10,289]. gamomdinare iqe<strong>da</strong>n, rom hercogi<br />

absoluturad mTavrob<strong>is</strong> neb<strong>is</strong> aRmsrulebeli gamodga, Semdgom<br />

TviT premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma izruna m<strong>is</strong>i saxel<strong>is</strong><br />

reabilitaci<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong>. rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> nacnoboba hercogs<br />

sazogadoebaSi, garkveulwilad, d<strong>is</strong>kriminaci<strong>is</strong> status sZen<strong>da</strong>,<br />

romelic ganixilebo<strong>da</strong> rogorc nac<strong>is</strong>tTan urTierTob<strong>is</strong><br />

konteqstSi. rogorc cnobilia, germania awarmoeb<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>ze<br />

Zlier sahaero Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmebs hes<strong>is</strong> Cafren<strong>is</strong> Rames. fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgile Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> miwaze fex<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgm<strong>is</strong>Tanave patimari<br />

gax<strong>da</strong>, gamoacxades ra samxedro tyved. rogorc premiermin<strong>is</strong>trma<br />

aRniSna: ,,r. hesi mniSvnelovani SenaZeni iyo om<strong>is</strong><br />

dros sabrZolo propagand<strong>is</strong> Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT”[1,13].<br />

amdenad, hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> patimar-nac<strong>is</strong>t r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

urTierTnacnobob<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgena aSkarad Searyev<strong>da</strong> hercog<strong>is</strong><br />

renomes imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c hes<strong>is</strong> rogorc patimr<strong>is</strong><br />

mdgomareoba, metwil arasaxarbielo iyo qmediTunarianob<strong>is</strong><br />

mokleb<strong>is</strong> Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT. winaswar ver ganvWvretT, Tu ra<br />

moxdebo<strong>da</strong> hess paraSutiT <strong>da</strong>Sveb<strong>is</strong>as muxli rom ar<br />

<strong>da</strong>ezianebia <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong>cv<strong>is</strong> mosvlamde, mas moeswro<br />

m<strong>is</strong>vla dungavel kastlamde, hercog<strong>is</strong> saxlSi. <strong>is</strong>toriuli<br />

mecniereb<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli araa imaze msjeloba,<br />

<strong>da</strong>vuSvaT rogor ganviTardebo<strong>da</strong> movlenebi ase rom ar<br />

momx<strong>da</strong>riyo. Cveni logik<strong>is</strong> diametruli svla mimdinareobs im<strong>is</strong><br />

garSemo ra mox<strong>da</strong>, momx<strong>da</strong>rs ra moyva an ratom. hercogi<br />

hamiltoni, igive lordi strafordi ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

168

warmoebul avantiuraSi didi xn<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi Cabmuli iyo.<br />

saqme exebo<strong>da</strong> zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> mcdelobas ingl<strong>is</strong>-germanias<br />

Sor<strong>is</strong> anu urTierTgageb<strong>is</strong> gzeb<strong>is</strong> gamonaxvas, rasac ase<br />

<strong>da</strong>JinebiT moiTxov<strong>da</strong> SotlandiaSi Cafrenili r. hesi.<br />

mogexsenebaT, rom a. haushoferi, ingl<strong>is</strong>urenovani qveyneb<strong>is</strong><br />

eqsperti <strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong> mrCeveli sagareo saqmeTa<br />

urTierTobebSi, r. hes<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> saerTo<br />

nacnobi <strong>da</strong> uaxloesi megobari gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. Tav<strong>is</strong> adiutant<br />

pinCTan dialogSi, romelic hes<strong>is</strong> saxlSi Sedga, r. hes<strong>is</strong> erTerTi<br />

sacdeli gafren<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile aRniSnavs:<br />

ra moxdeba, roca me Caval dungavel-kastlSi mivadgebi<br />

hercog<strong>is</strong> saxls. karebs gamiRebs mosamsaxure <strong>da</strong> mkiTxavs: vin<br />

brZandebiT me ga<strong>da</strong>vcem konverts, hercogi rogorc ki<br />

<strong>da</strong>xe<strong>da</strong>vs gancvifrdeba <strong>da</strong> Sin SemipatiJebs. ,,v<strong>is</strong>i saxeli iqneba<br />

im konvertze ser” _ hkiTxa pinCma. ra kargi iqnebo<strong>da</strong> Cemi<br />

gamomeyenebia pinC – upasuxa rudolfma, magram ara. es iqneba a.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong> saxeli”[8,73].<br />

rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> TvalTaxedv<strong>is</strong> areali erTob sarwmuno iyo.<br />

cxadia, m<strong>is</strong> ideas mxars uWerdnen nac<strong>is</strong>tur germaniaSi<br />

mniSvnelovani figurebi mama-Svili - karl <strong>da</strong> albrext<br />

haushoferebi. <strong>is</strong> imedovneb<strong>da</strong>, ingl<strong>is</strong>Si maTi <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT<br />

hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> naxvas, romelic uinston CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

opoziciurad ganwyobili ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> parti<strong>is</strong>” wevrad<br />

moiazrebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> romelsac un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyo fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgil<strong>is</strong> audiencia mefe georg VI-Tan. am molaparakebaTa<br />

Sedegad, r. hesi imedovneb<strong>da</strong>, rom ,,<strong>da</strong>amxob<strong>da</strong> CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

mTavrobas <strong>da</strong> ase miaRwev<strong>da</strong> zavs ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan. magram <strong>is</strong>, rom<br />

CerCils m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>patimreba SeeZlo, amaze arc ufiqria”[9,83].<br />

169

aRsaniSnavia, rom r. hess imdenad kargad qon<strong>da</strong> gaTvlili<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>i m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> mosalodneli triumfi, m<strong>is</strong> marcxze arc ufiqria.<br />

m<strong>is</strong>i Sinagani rwmena eifori<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>eT safexurze idga, rom<br />

veraviTari sxva Zala ver <strong>da</strong>Zlev<strong>da</strong>. <strong>is</strong>, mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod,<br />

warmatebas xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> warumateblob<strong>is</strong> ganc<strong>da</strong> imdenad mcire<br />

iyo, masze fiqrs did dros arc uTmob<strong>da</strong>. sxvagvarad, ver<br />

gar<strong>is</strong>kav<strong>da</strong>. rodesac marcxze ufro fiqrob, vidre<br />

gansaxorcielebeli saqm<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>debiT Sedegze, r<strong>is</strong>k<strong>is</strong> albaToba<br />

mcirdeba. warmateb<strong>is</strong> xibli met enTuziazms nergavs a<strong>da</strong>mianSi<br />

<strong>da</strong> <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong> gamomdinare stimulic didia. Tumc, wagebiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>sasrul<strong>is</strong> gafiqrebam SesaZlebelia ukeTesi brZol<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong><br />

Segamzados, <strong>is</strong>eve rogorc warumateblob<strong>is</strong> ganc<strong>da</strong>m, magram es<br />

yvelaferi individzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli <strong>da</strong> im garemoze, romelSic<br />

<strong>is</strong> imyofeba uaxloes momentebSi. a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong> cxovrebaSi xSiria<br />

impulsuri momentebi, roca ar cdilob <strong>da</strong>ijero, imdenad<br />

gjera sakuTriv Seni. <strong>swored</strong>, amitom hesma bolomde ver<br />

gaaTviTcnobiera pinC<strong>is</strong> azrebi, romelic winaaRmdegobaSi ki<br />

ar modio<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i ufros<strong>is</strong> SexedulebebTan, aramed<br />

arasaxarbielo realobasTan axlo myofi Sewuxebuli kac<strong>is</strong><br />

pozicii<strong>da</strong>n gansji<strong>da</strong> mas. adiutant pinCs marTlac aRelveb<strong>da</strong><br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> bedi, ramac fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> Tbili<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba warmoSva m<strong>is</strong> mimarT. ,,nu swuxar pinC” –<br />

eubnebo<strong>da</strong> saubr<strong>is</strong> procesSi hesi. rudolfi <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli iyo,<br />

rom Tavad iyo marTali. imdenad sasiamovno SegrZnebaa Senive<br />

TvalebiT <strong>da</strong>naxuli Senive gancdebi, rom gaormagebuli<br />

energiiT aRvsili veranair problemas ver xe<strong>da</strong>v, an imdenad<br />

pataraa es <strong>da</strong>brkoleba SenTv<strong>is</strong>, ga<strong>da</strong>ulaxavi aRaraferi<br />

geCveneba. vfiqrobT, msgavs situaciaSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> r. hesic,<br />

170

omelmac adiutantTan saubarSi Tqva: ,,me warumateblobaze ar<br />

vfiqrob pinC, radgan me var iRbliani a<strong>da</strong>miani”[8,74].<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>yeneba, rac un<strong>da</strong> moyolo<strong>da</strong><br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Cafrenas, erTob rTuli,<br />

gabeduli <strong>da</strong> SegviZlia vTqvaT, Tamami ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetlebaa.<br />

poraJenculad ganwyobilma opoziciam <strong>is</strong>ic ver uzrunvelyo<br />

CerCils sruli gancxadeba gaekeTebia parlamentSi, hes<strong>is</strong><br />

CamofrenasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. ufro metic, premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma<br />

mSrali, arafr<strong>is</strong>mTqmeli gancxadeb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg ar <strong>da</strong>akmayofila<br />

deputateb<strong>is</strong>gan wamosuli SekiTxvebi am sakiTxze, ar upasuxa<br />

maT. Tu es opoziciurad garkveuli wre iyo ant<strong>is</strong>amTavrobo<br />

gamoxatuleb<strong>is</strong>, maTi moTxovneb<strong>is</strong> poziciuri kursi Tun<strong>da</strong>c am<br />

sakiTxSi, rad ar idga mZlavr moTxovnaTa simaRlemde<br />

ayvanili xom ar viqonioT mxedvelobaSi, rom es iyo susti an<br />

<strong>da</strong>sustebuli Siga fraqcia im didi opozici<strong>is</strong>a, romelic hes<strong>is</strong><br />

Camofrenamde arsebob<strong>da</strong>, xolo fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

Camofren<strong>is</strong> Semdeg CerCilma <strong>da</strong>asusta im didi politikuri<br />

figureb<strong>is</strong> gamocliT, rogoric iyo magaliTad, hercogi<br />

hamiltoni. amdenad, hercogi nebiT Tu uneblieT premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

iur<strong>is</strong>diqciaSi moeqca. samTavrobo loJaSi gaiJRera<br />

xmam, rom hercogi arasodes Sexvedria r. hess, arc berlin<strong>is</strong><br />

olimpia<strong>da</strong>ze. amrigad, hesTan hamilton<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>makavSirebeli<br />

erTaderTi rgoli Tu ar erT-erTi rbilad gaxliCes. amasTan<br />

<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, TemTa palat<strong>is</strong> sxdomaze sityviT gamovi<strong>da</strong><br />

deputati slouni iorkSir<strong>is</strong> sagrafo<strong>da</strong>n: ,,Cven sagareo saqmeTa<br />

min<strong>is</strong>trma <strong>is</strong>ic gviTxra, rom hercogi hess arasodes Sexvedria,<br />

magram Tqven xom iciT es ar<strong>is</strong> tyuili”[2,89]. <strong>is</strong>m<strong>is</strong> kiTxva: ras<br />

uSaveb<strong>da</strong> hes<strong>is</strong> nacnoboba hamiltons berlin<strong>is</strong> olimpiadi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />

171

Tuki maT Sor<strong>is</strong> Semdeg aranairi kontaqti ar yofila. ratom<br />

malavdnen am ubralo nacnobobas ase gul<strong>da</strong>gul<br />

1936 wels berlin<strong>is</strong> olimpiur TamaSebze britaneT<strong>is</strong><br />

delegaciaSi roml<strong>is</strong> wevric hercogi hamiltoni iyo, Sedio<strong>da</strong><br />

ramdenime parlamentari: harold balfuri, jim viderbarni,<br />

kenet lindsei. jeims duglas hamilton<strong>is</strong> TqmiT, mamam<strong>is</strong>i anu<br />

hercogi hamiltoni germaniaSi wasula im mizniTac, gaerkvia<br />

rogor viTardebo<strong>da</strong> germani<strong>is</strong> sahaero Zalebi[5,69].<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> delegaciaSi iyvnen aseve oficialuri pirebi<br />

maRali ar<strong>is</strong>tokratii<strong>da</strong>n: lordi aberdini, ser noel kurt<strong>is</strong><br />

beneti <strong>da</strong> lordi barli.<br />

cnobilia, rom markiz klaidsdeilma igive hercogma<br />

hamiltonma berlinSi liutfafes gacnob<strong>is</strong> survili gamoTqva<br />

[1,955]. am sakiTxze albrext haushoferma TxovniT mimarTa<br />

gerings, am ukanasknelma ki brZaneba gasca Tav<strong>is</strong>i moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> sahaero Zaleb<strong>is</strong> Stab<strong>is</strong> ufros<strong>is</strong> general milx<strong>is</strong><br />

m<strong>is</strong>amarTiT, neba <strong>da</strong>erToT hercog<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> saaviacio qarxneb<strong>is</strong><br />

gacnoba-<strong>da</strong>Tvaliereb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxSi. am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, hamiltons<br />

aCvenes staaken<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> dioberic<strong>is</strong> aerodromebi,<br />

<strong>da</strong>aTvalierebines roxthofen<strong>is</strong> eskadrilia, romelsac geringi<br />

xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong> pirveli msoflio om<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sasruls. stumari<br />

waiyvanes lexfeld<strong>is</strong> aerodromzec, magram mas axali<br />

bomb<strong>da</strong>mSeneb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Tvaliereb<strong>is</strong> neba ar <strong>da</strong>rTes. rogorc Cans,<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tebi mixvdnen hercog<strong>is</strong> ganzraxvas <strong>da</strong> bolomde ar<br />

gaixsnen masTan. mxolod <strong>is</strong> aCvenes, rom germania ar iyo susti<br />

qveyana <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva SeeZlo, magram <strong>is</strong> rom germanias Tavad<br />

wamoewyo omi an ga<strong>da</strong>suliyo revanSze, am<strong>is</strong> gamaZlierebeli<br />

<strong>da</strong>sturi ingl<strong>is</strong>el stumars, ubralod, Segnebulad ar m<strong>is</strong>ces.<br />

172

1939 wl<strong>is</strong> 6 oqtombers, im dros roca nac<strong>is</strong>turma germaniam<br />

om<strong>is</strong> safrTx<strong>is</strong> winaSe <strong>da</strong>ayena mTeli evropa gazeT ,,TaimsSi”<br />

ibeWdeba hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> werili. werilSi <strong>is</strong> mouwodebs<br />

am ori qveyn<strong>is</strong> Rirseul mkvidrT, miusxdnen molaparakebaTa<br />

magi<strong>da</strong>s zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> mizniT[5,95). amave stati<strong>is</strong> Sinaarsi<br />

<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 10 saaTze gadmosca germani<strong>is</strong> radiom. cxadia,<br />

Hhaushoferi <strong>da</strong> hesi mas mousmen<strong>da</strong>. safiqralia, aqve gaCndebo<strong>da</strong><br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> imedi. rogorc gamoCn<strong>da</strong>, hercogi<br />

hamiltoni am<strong>is</strong> didi mosurne yofila. amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,<br />

gavixsenoT wigni romelsac ilze prioli kiTxulob<strong>da</strong>, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

meuRl<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong> wina dReebSi. es wigni hercogma albrext<br />

haushofers aCuqa warweriT: ,,keTili survilebiTa <strong>da</strong> ukeTesi<br />

momavl<strong>is</strong> rwmeniT, raTa Cveni urTierToba ga<strong>da</strong>izardos am ori<br />

qveyn<strong>is</strong> urTierTgageb<strong>is</strong> miRwevaSi”[8,81] .<br />

amdenad, hercogi hamiltoni aSkarad gamoxatav<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

survils germaniasTan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. m<strong>is</strong>i sentencii<strong>da</strong>n<br />

irkveva, rom hamiltoni SesaZleblad Tvli<strong>da</strong> faS<strong>is</strong>tebTan<br />

mokavSireobas <strong>da</strong> am Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> sajaro gamovlenas ar<br />

eridebo<strong>da</strong>. hercog<strong>is</strong> aseTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba nac<strong>is</strong>turi<br />

germani<strong>is</strong> mimarT, vfiqrobT, m<strong>is</strong>i germaneli megobr<strong>is</strong> albrext<br />

haushoferTan kontaqtma ganapiroba. maTi keTilsasurveli<br />

pozicia, maTive azriT, germania-ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> urTierT<strong>da</strong>axloeb<strong>is</strong><br />

winapirobad un<strong>da</strong> qceuliyo, rac Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv kontinentze<br />

mSvidob<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>myarebas uzrunvelyof<strong>da</strong>.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, albrext haushoferi mSvidob<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>myareb<strong>is</strong> mosurne yofila <strong>da</strong> faqtobrivad gmob<strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong><br />

ant<strong>is</strong>amSvidobo <strong>da</strong> revanS<strong>is</strong>tuli politik<strong>is</strong> gatarebas sxva<br />

ereb<strong>is</strong> mimarT. am<strong>is</strong> gamo, <strong>is</strong> fiurer<strong>is</strong> simpaTiiT ar<br />

173

sargeblob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> albrext<strong>is</strong> didi xn<strong>is</strong> survili gamx<strong>da</strong>riyo<br />

germani<strong>is</strong> sagareo saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tri, m<strong>is</strong>i am SexedulebaTa gamo<br />

ignorirebul iqna. karl haushofer<strong>is</strong> Svil<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> fiurer<strong>is</strong> es<br />

STabejdileba faruli ar yofila. r. hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong> Semdeg,<br />

1941 wl<strong>is</strong> 12 ma<strong>is</strong>s, a. haushoferi gestapoSi gamoiZaxes <strong>da</strong><br />

ubrZanes am sakiTx<strong>is</strong> irgvliv axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi<br />

<strong>da</strong>ewera. albrexti mixv<strong>da</strong>, rom saqme cu<strong>da</strong>d iyo. mas hes<strong>is</strong><br />

saxiT mfarveli aRar yav<strong>da</strong>, amitom ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita, sakuTari Tav<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>cva Tavad aeRo xelT. man awon-<strong>da</strong>wona Seqmnili viTareb<strong>is</strong><br />

sirTule <strong>da</strong> axna-ganmartebiT baraTs <strong>da</strong>urTo yvela im pirTa<br />

sia, v<strong>is</strong>ac <strong>is</strong> icnob<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si. pirvel rigSi, man <strong>da</strong>asaxela<br />

hercogi hamiltoni – parlament<strong>is</strong> wevri, lordi <strong>da</strong>nglasi ♣ –<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> piradi saparlamento mdivani, aviaci<strong>is</strong><br />

min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> moadgile balfuri, ganaTleb<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> moadgile<br />

lindsei (nacional-liberali), Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgile viderbarni. amasTan, albrextma aRniSna, rom aq<br />

CamoTvlil a<strong>da</strong>mianebs axlo kavSiri qon<strong>da</strong> sasamarTlosTan <strong>da</strong><br />

samefo karTan. hamilton<strong>is</strong> umcrosi Zma Tav<strong>is</strong>i meuRl<strong>is</strong><br />

meSveobiT naTesaur kavSirSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

dedofalTan. TviT hamilton<strong>is</strong> sidedri - hercoginia<br />

norTumberlendi samefo kar<strong>is</strong> garderob<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvaneli<br />

yofila, xolo hercog<strong>is</strong> siZe - lordi iustas persi,<br />

ramdenjerme min<strong>is</strong>tri, konservatiuli parti<strong>is</strong> gavleniani wevri<br />

<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si cnobili piri gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. amave jgufs, a.<br />

haushofer<strong>is</strong> TqmiT, axlo kontaqtebi qon<strong>da</strong> Zvel<br />

konservatorebTan _ stenleb<strong>is</strong> cnobil ojaxTan: oliver<br />

stenlTan, lord derb<strong>is</strong>Tan; agreTve gazeT ,,Taims<strong>is</strong>” mflobel<br />

♣<br />

lordi <strong>da</strong>nglasi- ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> momavali premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri<br />

174

astorebTan. amaTgan, ojax<strong>is</strong> ufrosi min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> moadgile<br />

yofila, xolo Svili erTxans sagareo saqmeTa <strong>da</strong> Sinagan<br />

saqmeTa min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> moadgile, Semdeg ki madridSi ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

elC<strong>is</strong>, ser samoel hor<strong>is</strong> piradi saparlamento mdivani.<br />

<strong>da</strong>saxelebul pirTagan aseve moixseniebian: lordi loTiani,<br />

aSS-Si ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> elCi, romelic m<strong>is</strong>i sikvdil<strong>is</strong> Semdeg lordma<br />

halifaqsma Secvala. strengi - forin of<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> centraluri<br />

departament<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvaneli, romelic 1939 wl<strong>is</strong> zafxulSi<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> delegacias xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong> moskovSi, ingl<strong>is</strong>safrangeT-sabWoTa<br />

kavSir<strong>is</strong> molaparakebebze. o’ meili – elCi<br />

ungreTSi, sagareo saqmeTa samin<strong>is</strong>tros samxreT-aRmosavleT<br />

evrop<strong>is</strong> departament<strong>is</strong> yofili meTauri. aseve, man <strong>da</strong>asaxela<br />

saerTaSor<strong>is</strong>o wiTeli jvr<strong>is</strong> vice-prezidenti <strong>da</strong> erTa lig<strong>is</strong><br />

kom<strong>is</strong>ari <strong>da</strong>ncigSi - profesori karl burkhardti.<br />

a. haushoferma <strong>da</strong>saxelebul gavlenian pirTa<br />

nacnobobiT Tav<strong>is</strong>eburi <strong>da</strong>mcavi zoli Seqmna, hitler<strong>is</strong>agan<br />

mosalodneli r<strong>is</strong>xv<strong>is</strong> Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileb<strong>is</strong> mizniT. amasTan, man<br />

fiurers Tav<strong>is</strong>i sargeblianob<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebloba miawo<strong>da</strong>. hercog<br />

hamiltonTan albrext<strong>is</strong> piradi kontaqtebi, m<strong>is</strong>ave<br />

usafrTxoeb<strong>is</strong> garantad iqca germaniaSi im motiviT, rom jer<br />

kidev rCebo<strong>da</strong> imedi hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>eleb<strong>is</strong>agan<br />

gamoTav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong>a. <strong>swored</strong>, es mizezi safuZvlad <strong>da</strong>edo<br />

albrext<strong>is</strong> cixi<strong>da</strong>n gaTav<strong>is</strong>uflebas, rac m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>patimrebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

umokles droSi ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>. es imdenad <strong>da</strong>ujerebeli iyo,<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tur germaniaSi gakvirvebas TviT ze<strong>da</strong> eSelonebSic<br />

gamoTqvamdnen, magram 1944 wels, rodesac fiurers hes<strong>is</strong><br />

gaTav<strong>is</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong> yovelgvari imedi ga<strong>da</strong>ewura, a. haushoferi<br />

kvlav <strong>da</strong>apatimres <strong>da</strong> moabit<strong>is</strong> cixeSi Casves. meore msoflio<br />

175

om<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sasrulamde, <strong>is</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong> brZanebiT <strong>da</strong>xvrites.<br />

miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad im<strong>is</strong>a, rom r. hesma ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenamde <strong>da</strong>tova<br />

werili, romelic miznad <strong>is</strong>axav<strong>da</strong> a. haushofer<strong>is</strong><br />

xelSeuxeblobas, werilma am pirovneb<strong>is</strong> u<strong>da</strong>naSaulob<strong>is</strong><br />

prezumpci<strong>is</strong> uzrunvelyofa ver SeZlo. a. haushoferTan<br />

Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ukeTes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> hercogi hamiltoni.<br />

Tu gaviTval<strong>is</strong>winebT imas, rom m<strong>is</strong> renomes Crdili miadga<br />

did britaneTSi <strong>da</strong> hercogi Tav<strong>is</strong>eburad ganicdi<strong>da</strong> amas, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

pasux<strong>is</strong>mgeblob<strong>is</strong> sakiTxi arasdros <strong>da</strong>mdgara. premiermin<strong>is</strong>tri,<br />

uinston CerCili yovelTv<strong>is</strong> cdilob<strong>da</strong> hercog<strong>is</strong><br />

reabilitacias sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> TvalSi im DdReebSi, roca<br />

parlamentSi cxare d<strong>is</strong>kusiebi imarTebo<strong>da</strong> hamilton<strong>is</strong> am<br />

gafrenaSi monawileob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. aviaci<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>trs, ser<br />

arCilbad sinklers ucdia hercog<strong>is</strong> gamarTleba <strong>da</strong> am mizniT<br />

aRuniSnavs, rom <strong>is</strong> arasodes ar Sexvedria fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgiles. miT ufro aranairi mimowera ar qon<strong>da</strong>o masTan.<br />

mtkicebulebad ki gamoiyena faqti, rodesac hamiltoni ukve<br />

<strong>da</strong>patimrebul r. hess Sexv<strong>da</strong> merihil<strong>is</strong> barakebSi, glazgoSi,<br />

hercogma verc ki icnoo hesi. ,,me ar vici, m<strong>is</strong>wera Tu ara hesma<br />

werili hamiltons, magram sruli pasux<strong>is</strong>mgeblobiT SemiZlia<br />

ganvacxado, rom msgavsi werili hamiltons ar miuRia, <strong>is</strong>eve<br />

rogorc romelime pasux<strong>is</strong>mgebel pirs am qveyanaSi”[10,396].<br />

rogorc cnobilia, Sotlandi<strong>is</strong> miwaze paraSutiT<br />

<strong>da</strong>Sveb<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgilem Tavi alfred hornad<br />

waradgina. pirveli kaci, v<strong>is</strong>ac r. hesma ,,simarTle amcno”<br />

hercogi hamiltoni iyo, rodesac hercogma uari ganacxa<strong>da</strong><br />

hes<strong>is</strong> nacnobobaze am ukanasknelma aCvena fotosuraTi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />

gamosaxuli iyo rudolfi Tav<strong>is</strong> 3 wl<strong>is</strong> SvilTan, volf<br />

176

iudigerTan. hamiltonma <strong>da</strong>xe<strong>da</strong> suraTs <strong>da</strong> Tqva: ,,me vxe<strong>da</strong>v,<br />

rom es kaci Tqven xarT, magram me ar vici, ar<strong>is</strong> Tu ara es<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgile”[7,178]. am pasuxma hesi imdenad gaaogna<br />

lam<strong>is</strong> rwmena <strong>da</strong>karga, m<strong>is</strong>i aq Camosvl<strong>is</strong> mizn<strong>is</strong> miRwev<strong>is</strong><br />

saqmeSi. SeiZleba es momenti CaiTvalos m<strong>is</strong>i uimedob<strong>is</strong> pirvel<br />

gamovlinebad hamilton<strong>is</strong> samSobloSi. magram ufro didi<br />

uimedoba win elodebo<strong>da</strong>, rodesac gegma m<strong>is</strong>i samSvidobo<br />

SemoTavazeb<strong>is</strong>a realur safuZvels moklebuli iyo. londoni<br />

<strong>da</strong> mimdebare qalaqebi, <strong>swored</strong>, m<strong>is</strong>i Camofren<strong>is</strong> Rames <strong>da</strong>ibomba,<br />

magram xom SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong> Tavs <strong>da</strong>texili ubedureba<br />

gamoyenebuliyo am or qveyanas Sor<strong>is</strong>, om<strong>is</strong> Sewyvet<strong>is</strong> sababad<br />

<strong>da</strong> germaneleb<strong>is</strong> mier miyenebuli uzarmazari zaral<strong>is</strong> fonze,<br />

mokavSireob<strong>is</strong> xeli gamoewo<strong>da</strong> did britaneTs germaniasTan<br />

brZol<strong>is</strong> Sewyvet<strong>is</strong> mizniT. ser arCilbad sinklers<br />

informaci<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong>, <strong>da</strong>f kuper<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>amarTiT parlamentSi<br />

sayveduri gamouTqvams, rogor gaJonao presaSi cnobam<br />

hamilton - hes<strong>is</strong> nacnobob<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. rogorc irkveva, saqm<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>bralebas <strong>da</strong>f kuper<strong>is</strong> moadgileze, uolter monktonze<br />

cdilobdnen, romelic erT dros cnobili mzveravi yofila.<br />

magram monkton<strong>is</strong> Rirseba <strong>da</strong>icva lordma svintonma,<br />

uSiSroeb<strong>is</strong> sakordinacio komitet<strong>is</strong> xelmZRvanelma, yofilma<br />

aviaci<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>trma. rogorc Cans, garTulebuli situaciiT<br />

<strong>is</strong>argebla ingl<strong>is</strong>Si komun<strong>is</strong>turma partiam <strong>da</strong> ivn<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> Tv<strong>is</strong><br />

broSuraSi gamoaqveyna statia, hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong> braldeb<strong>is</strong><br />

wayeneb<strong>is</strong> moTxovniT. rogorc u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivi<strong>da</strong>n irkveva, es<br />

broSura hercogs ga<strong>da</strong>sces mgzavrob<strong>is</strong>as[1,7], ramac am<br />

ukanasknel<strong>is</strong> aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia. sasamarTloSi sarCel<strong>is</strong><br />

aRZvr<strong>is</strong> SemTxvevaSi, hamiltoni fiqrob<strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong> Rirseb<strong>is</strong><br />

177

<strong>da</strong>cvas, magram premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri kategoriuli winaaRmdegi<br />

aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. igegmebo<strong>da</strong> rudolf hes<strong>is</strong> sasamarTloSi mowmed<br />

gamoZaxeb<strong>is</strong> an sakanSi m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>kiTxv<strong>is</strong> mcdeloba, aman ki<br />

uinston CerCil<strong>is</strong> uaryofiTi reaqcia gamoiwvia. ,,aravin ic<strong>is</strong>,<br />

ras ityv<strong>is</strong> igi jvaredini <strong>da</strong>kiTxv<strong>is</strong> procesSi”[1,12]. amasTan,<br />

hercogs urCia gamoetana Tav<strong>is</strong>i sarCeli sasamarTlo<strong>da</strong>n, rac<br />

sabolood <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebul iqna. <strong>is</strong>m<strong>is</strong> kiTxva: ratom malav<strong>da</strong><br />

hercogi hesTan nacnobobas ase gul<strong>da</strong>gul ras aZlev<strong>da</strong> es<br />

hess an ras kargav<strong>da</strong> amiT hercogi hamiltoni hamiltonma<br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>i berlinSi yofniT, erTgvari soli<strong>da</strong>roba usityvod<br />

gamoucxa<strong>da</strong> nac<strong>is</strong>tebs, miiRo ra maTi mowveva, xolo r. hesTan<br />

saRamos gamarTul vaxSamze m<strong>is</strong>vliT, xazi gausva pirad<br />

<strong>da</strong>interesebas nac<strong>is</strong>teb<strong>is</strong>admi. rogorc Cans, mas ar sZul<strong>da</strong><br />

faS<strong>is</strong>ti germanelebi <strong>da</strong> am<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sturia, m<strong>is</strong>i albrext<br />

haushoferTan megobroba, roml<strong>is</strong> mam<strong>is</strong> ideebi main kampf<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>ZiriTadi</strong> debulebebia. u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> memuarebi<strong>da</strong>n vityobT, rom<br />

hercogma mas telefoniT acnoba fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

SotlandiaSi Camofren<strong>is</strong> ambavi[4,32]. megobr<strong>is</strong> agarakze myofi<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri kinokomedias uyureb<strong>da</strong> Zmebi marqseb<strong>is</strong><br />

monawileobiT, masTan mivi<strong>da</strong> mdivani <strong>da</strong> amcno rom telefonTan<br />

hercogi hamiltoni sTxov<strong>da</strong>. arsebobs gansxvavebuli versia.<br />

hercogi pira<strong>da</strong>d wavi<strong>da</strong> CerCil<strong>is</strong> agarakze <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>is</strong>pir amcno<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> Camofren<strong>is</strong> ambavi. maT saubars aviaci<strong>is</strong> min<strong>is</strong>tri, ser<br />

arCilbad sinkleric <strong>da</strong>swrebia. rogorc irkveva, CerCils<br />

uTqvams aravin mixsenos rudolf hesi, me mivdivar Zmebi<br />

marqseb<strong>is</strong> sanaxavad <strong>da</strong> SeuerT<strong>da</strong> gverdiT oTaxSi momlodine<br />

stumrebs film<strong>is</strong> sanaxavad. es xdeba im dros, roca londoni<br />

masiurad ibombebo<strong>da</strong> nac<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n. rogorc<br />

178

CerCili ixsenebs, <strong>is</strong> uZluri iyo im Rames rame gaekeTebia.<br />

maSin rodesac m<strong>is</strong>i Tanamoqalaqeni ixocebodnen, roca m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

qveyn<strong>is</strong> aTasobiT gaubedurebuli a<strong>da</strong>miani Svelas iTxov<strong>da</strong>,<br />

premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri guneba-ganwyob<strong>is</strong> gaumjobeseb<strong>is</strong>aken<br />

<strong>is</strong>wrafvo<strong>da</strong>. SesaZlebelia, erT<strong>is</strong> mxriv, man xazi ar gausva<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> Camofren<strong>is</strong> mniSvnelobas, xolo meores mxriv uZluri<br />

iyo rame arsebiTi gaekeTebia. rodesac winaaRmdegoba sakuTar<br />

Zalebs aRemateba, m<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>Zlev<strong>is</strong> survilic neldeba. am dros,<br />

adgili aqvs simSvid<strong>is</strong> uCveulo gamovlinebas, rasac premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

SemTxvevaSi qon<strong>da</strong> adgili. proces<strong>is</strong><br />

gaxangrZliveb<strong>is</strong>as xdeba Zaleb<strong>is</strong> koncentrireba, rac xels<br />

uwyobs unar<strong>is</strong> gamomuSavebas gaumklavde Tavs <strong>da</strong>texil<br />

problemas. simSvid<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>ufleb<strong>is</strong>as energi<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zogvac xdeba,<br />

magram roca pasuxob winaaRmdegobaze maSin, roca ver<br />

umklavdebi, Zaleb<strong>is</strong> fuWi xarjviT ormagad ziandeba fsiqika,<br />

uRono xdebi winaaRmdegob<strong>is</strong> gawev<strong>is</strong> dros, sasurveli Sedeg<strong>is</strong><br />

miuReblob<strong>is</strong> gamo. roca marcx<strong>is</strong> gaanalizeba xdeba, umjobesia<br />

Sesafer<strong>is</strong> situacias <strong>da</strong>elodo. manam ki SeinarCuno <strong>is</strong> pozicia,<br />

rac <strong>da</strong>marcxebamde geWira. premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> qmedeba<br />

gonierebas moklebuli rodi gaxl<strong>da</strong>T. <strong>is</strong> rigiTi a<strong>da</strong>mian<strong>is</strong><br />

msgavsad, mwuxarebas ver miecemo<strong>da</strong>. m<strong>is</strong>i pirovnuli simtkice<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti iyo, raTa ar gatexiliyo sazogadoeba. amasTan,<br />

mas ar sur<strong>da</strong> opozici<strong>is</strong> rigebi gaeZlierebia Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

ukomprom<strong>is</strong>o ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT. hercogTan SesaZlo<br />

<strong>da</strong>pir<strong>is</strong>pireba premier-min<strong>is</strong>trs CrdilSi ar <strong>da</strong>toveb<strong>da</strong>. om<strong>is</strong><br />

dros, hercogi - CerCil<strong>is</strong> SesaZlebeli <strong>da</strong>pir<strong>is</strong>pireb<strong>is</strong><br />

warmoCena gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong>, ara mxolod hercog<strong>is</strong> retrospeqtiul<br />

ganqiqebas, aramed u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> avtoritetul ryevas. om<strong>is</strong><br />

179

periodSi, mosaxleobaSi uaryofiTi muxt<strong>is</strong> Setana<br />

arasasurveli iyo. londonSi <strong>da</strong> mimdebare qalaqebSi<br />

moklulTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>WrilTa ricxvi aTasobiT iyo. de<strong>da</strong>qalaqi<br />

cecxl<strong>is</strong> alSi gaxveuliyo. <strong>da</strong>ngreuli <strong>da</strong> ganadgurebuli<br />

Senobebi, a<strong>da</strong>mianTa saxlebi iwvo<strong>da</strong>, xolo usaxlkarod<br />

<strong>da</strong>rCenili <strong>da</strong> sikvdils ga<strong>da</strong>rCenilni Svelas iTxovdnen.<br />

mTavrobaSi namdvilad ar iyo urTierT<strong>da</strong>pir<strong>is</strong>pireb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

erTmaneT<strong>is</strong> mimarT pozicieb<strong>is</strong> garkvev<strong>is</strong> dro. gana, hes<strong>is</strong><br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Cafrena Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad ar <strong>is</strong>axav<strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo bunts,<br />

roml<strong>is</strong> mizanic premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>yeneba un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo.<br />

mogvianebiT, Span<strong>da</strong>us cix<strong>is</strong> patimari fiurer<strong>is</strong> yofili<br />

moadgile cix<strong>is</strong> amerikel komen<strong>da</strong>tTan, iujin biordTan ityv<strong>is</strong>:<br />

,,rogor megona, rom Cemi ingl<strong>is</strong>Si CasvliT CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

ga<strong>da</strong>yenebas mivaRwevdi, es iyo Cemi yvelaze didi Secdoma”[3,<br />

71]. parlamentSi hercog<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>amarTiT mwvave debatebi Sedga,<br />

romelic miznad <strong>is</strong>axav<strong>da</strong> simarTl<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgenas, magram<br />

uSedegod. amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, SegviZlia moviSvelioT<br />

Semdegi gamonaTqvami: politikoseb<strong>is</strong>gan sul erTia simarTles<br />

ver <strong>da</strong>adgen, radgan bavSvobi<strong>da</strong>nve yvela Rilze arian<br />

Sekrulnio. Tu hercogi hamiltoni 1936 wels berlin<strong>is</strong><br />

olimpia<strong>da</strong>ze yofn<strong>is</strong>as, germani<strong>is</strong> samxedro teqnik<strong>is</strong> zrd<strong>is</strong><br />

rogorobiT iyo <strong>da</strong>interesebuli, m<strong>is</strong>i interes<strong>is</strong> sferoSi amave<br />

qveyn<strong>is</strong> maRali pirebic Sevidodnen. faS<strong>is</strong>tebi msoflios<br />

araerT saxelmwifoTa warmomadgenleb<strong>is</strong> yuradReb<strong>is</strong> centrSi<br />

eqceo<strong>da</strong>. maT mier warmoebulma politikam u. CerCil<strong>is</strong><br />

winamorbedi premier-min<strong>is</strong>tric n. Cemberleni Tav<strong>is</strong>ebur<br />

orbitaSi moaqcia, romelmac imxanad sxva Zala ver irwmuna,<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> hitler<strong>is</strong>a. m<strong>is</strong>i goneba hitler<strong>is</strong> yovl<strong>is</strong>SemZle talRas<br />

180

imdenad <strong>da</strong>efara, rom sakuTari energi<strong>is</strong> mozRvavebas ver<br />

grZnob<strong>da</strong>, m<strong>is</strong>i SeqceviTi xasiaT<strong>is</strong> gamo. mas ukan mihqon<strong>da</strong><br />

Tav<strong>is</strong>i energia <strong>da</strong> ivsebo<strong>da</strong> axliT, magram es ar iyo m<strong>is</strong>i. an<br />

imdenad SemoiWra masSi axali, m<strong>is</strong><strong>da</strong> uneburad gaqra Zveli. am<br />

faqtorma masSi SiS<strong>is</strong> sindrom<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>Zleva gamoiwvia, romelsac<br />

n. Cemberleni flob<strong>da</strong> sahaero fren<strong>is</strong> mimarT. gare<strong>da</strong>n<br />

SemoWrilma sxva energiam <strong>is</strong> masze <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli gaxa<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />

STaunerga rwmena, Sinagani siaxl<strong>is</strong> aRtkineb<strong>is</strong> moTxovniT. es<br />

imdenad STambeW<strong>da</strong>vi iyo, romc <strong>da</strong>eZlia ver <strong>da</strong>farav<strong>da</strong>, rameTu<br />

saam<strong>is</strong>o muxti mas ar qon<strong>da</strong>. raimes <strong>da</strong>farvas Zala sWirdeba,<br />

radgan cdilob. magram roca goneba wamaxal<strong>is</strong>ebeli<br />

Zal<strong>is</strong>xmeviT ivseba, pirvel adgilze gadmoinacvlebs gancdebi.<br />

71 wl<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>tri pirvelad jdeba TviTmfrinavSi <strong>da</strong><br />

mifrinavs hitlerTan Sesaxvedrad berxteshadenSi. fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

pacif<strong>is</strong>turma ganwyobam imdenad Seavso SiSiT gamowveuli<br />

vakuumi, rom Cemberlen<strong>is</strong> cxovrebaSi axali etapi <strong>da</strong>iwyo. es<br />

iyo m<strong>is</strong>i sulieri gamoRviZeb<strong>is</strong> akordi. cvlilebaTa<br />

algoriTmi rodia martivad aRsaqmeli. wleb<strong>is</strong> matebasTan<br />

erTad azrovneb<strong>is</strong> SigTavsSi gamokveTili SesaZleblobeb<strong>is</strong><br />

moduneba xdeba. hitlerma Tav<strong>is</strong>i aqtiurobiT CemberlenSi<br />

<strong>da</strong>debiTi muxti Seitana. amas grZnob<strong>da</strong> rogorc premiermin<strong>is</strong>tri,<br />

aseve hitleric. vinc a<strong>da</strong>mianur grZnobebze maRla<br />

dgas, cxovrebaSi erTxel mainc aRmoCndeba a<strong>da</strong>mianuri<br />

gancdeb<strong>is</strong> gavlen<strong>is</strong> qveS, radgan es mas kmayofilebas sZens<br />

rogorc mokv<strong>da</strong>vs. didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> sahaero Zaleb<strong>is</strong><br />

xelmZRvaneli hercogi hamiltonic mokv<strong>da</strong>vi iyo. <strong>is</strong> qveyn<strong>is</strong><br />

samsaxurSi idga, magram roca saubaria qveyn<strong>is</strong> interesebze<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebs sakuTari goneb<strong>is</strong> xarjze iReb, radgan<br />

181

amgvarad azrovneb. qveyn<strong>is</strong> keTildReob<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> amodixar im<br />

Sexedulebebi<strong>da</strong>n, rac yalibdeba metwil sakuTari azreb<strong>is</strong><br />

safuZvelze. qveyn<strong>is</strong> SigniT pozicia-opozici<strong>is</strong> arseboba<br />

metyvelebs ama Tu im sakiTxze gansxvavebuli pozicieb<strong>is</strong><br />

fiqsirebas. es Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad saTaves iRebs pirovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

subordinaci<strong>is</strong> mkveTrad gamoxatuli sxvaobi<strong>da</strong>n. a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />

erTmaneTs ar gavs, maT SeiZleba raRac aerTianebdeT an rame<br />

qondeT saerTo. magram mocemul konkretul momentSi Cven<br />

mxolod sawy<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> Ziebas ki ar viwyebT, aramed naTqvam<strong>is</strong><br />

mixedviT Sesabam<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas vadgenT. araadeqvaturi<br />

Sexedulebeb<strong>is</strong> fonze Sepir<strong>is</strong>pireb<strong>is</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>uvali metafaza<br />

<strong>ikveTeba</strong>. a<strong>da</strong>miani yalibdeba sakuTari gamocdileb<strong>is</strong> fasad <strong>da</strong><br />

sazogadoebasTan maTi urTierTob<strong>is</strong> es mxare zogjer<br />

arsebiTia, zogjer familiaruli. sazogadoeb<strong>is</strong> neba pirovneb<strong>is</strong><br />

Segnebas ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>upir<strong>is</strong>pirdes. es gamoiwvevs gar<strong>da</strong>tex<strong>is</strong><br />

kvalifikaciur koordinacias <strong>da</strong> seriozul cvlilebebs<br />

SexedulebaTa kvlavwarmoeb<strong>is</strong> produqtSi. azreb<strong>is</strong> regulireba<br />

un<strong>da</strong> moxdes bunebrivad, magram roca saqme gvaqvs xelovnur<br />

mcdelobasTan, amaSic cudi araferia. es niSnavs imas, rom<br />

individi gamoimuSavebs neb<strong>is</strong>yofas <strong>da</strong> gare faqtoreb<strong>is</strong> xarjze<br />

xdeba m<strong>is</strong>i sinTezi Sinagani gamovlinebeb<strong>is</strong> metafazebTan. esaa<br />

mzardi aRqm<strong>is</strong> sakiTxi, roml<strong>is</strong> nivelireba konkretul<br />

qmedebebTan SeuZlebelia, radgan arsebobs xar<strong>is</strong>xi <strong>da</strong><br />

raodenoba. raodenob<strong>is</strong> eqvivalenti araTanabrob<strong>is</strong> simptoms<br />

gamoricxavs. aqve Cndeba Tv<strong>is</strong>obrioba, romelSic raodenobas<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>vyavarT. Tv<strong>is</strong>obrioba sakuTrebasTan asocirdeba,<br />

romelsac gamoimuSavebs individi <strong>da</strong>grovili energi<strong>is</strong><br />

mixedviT. xdeba xar<strong>is</strong>x<strong>is</strong> ,,aklimatizacia” SeZen<strong>is</strong> xarjze <strong>da</strong><br />

182

aodenob<strong>is</strong> ,,kremacia” gacem<strong>is</strong> fasad. droTa ganmavlobaSi<br />

erTferovani pasaJebi iCens Tavs <strong>da</strong> maT<strong>da</strong>mi araerTgvarovani<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba Cndeba. Tu warsulSi <strong>da</strong>uokeblad veswrafviT,<br />

dRes veswrafviT <strong>da</strong>uokeblob<strong>is</strong> gareSe, xval ki es swrafvac<br />

Seneldeba. ,,xval” <strong>da</strong>Zveldeba <strong>is</strong>, rac ,,dRes” axalia. amitom<br />

wamoc<strong>da</strong> erT rus mcvels Span<strong>da</strong>us cixeSi r. hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>amarTiT.<br />

,,ra mosawyeni buzRuna berikaciao”, radgan mas xSirad xe<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>gan yovelTv<strong>is</strong> erTi <strong>da</strong> imaves <strong>is</strong>men<strong>da</strong>. ara<strong>da</strong> fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgil<strong>is</strong> naxva Tav<strong>is</strong>Tavad iyo <strong>is</strong>toriuli movlena. fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgile Tav<strong>is</strong>i arsebobiT Tavad qmni<strong>da</strong> axal <strong>is</strong>toriul<br />

Tavebs. msoflio <strong>is</strong>toria xom gamoCenil a<strong>da</strong>mianTa<br />

cxovrebacaa. rudolf hes<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> hercogi hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

pirovnebaSi saerTo gamoxatuleb<strong>is</strong> niSan-Tv<strong>is</strong>eba ar<br />

figurireb<strong>da</strong>. maT arsebaSi ido erTaderTi saerTo – saero<br />

saqm<strong>is</strong>admi ltolva saxelmwifoebrivi <strong>da</strong>niSnuleb<strong>is</strong> aspeqtSi.<br />

orive gansxvavebuli mentalitet<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> subieqturi<br />

Rirebulebeb<strong>is</strong> mqonea. <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong> gamomdinare, es ori pirovneba<br />

yovelTv<strong>is</strong> ucxoni <strong>da</strong>rCebodnen erTmaneT<strong>is</strong> mimarT, radgan maT<br />

Sor<strong>is</strong> raime sax<strong>is</strong> msgavseba ar ikveTebo<strong>da</strong>. hercogi hamiltoni<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>eli ar<strong>is</strong>tokrat<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli civi goneb<strong>is</strong>a<br />

<strong>da</strong> sufTa gul<strong>is</strong> mflobeli iyo. masSi grZnobeb<strong>is</strong> gaJonva,<br />

aRtkinebuli survileb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> SemarTeb<strong>is</strong> povna SeuZlebelia,<br />

imdenad gawonasworebuli kac<strong>is</strong> iers tovebs igi. m<strong>is</strong> saxeze<br />

verafers amoikiTxavT gar<strong>da</strong> skeptikuri, civi<br />

<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleb<strong>is</strong>a, rac Tav<strong>is</strong> mxriv hercogs graciozulobas<br />

sZens <strong>da</strong> erTob miuwvdomels xd<strong>is</strong>. rac miuwvdomelia, <strong>is</strong><br />

idumalebiTaa mosili. idumaleba ki interess aRZravs masSi,<br />

v<strong>is</strong>ac am<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>naxva SeuZlia. ibadeba survili Cawvde <strong>da</strong><br />

183

Seimecno, garkveviT amoicno sad gad<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i pirovnuli<br />

diapazon<strong>is</strong> zRvari, m<strong>is</strong>i msoflmxedvelobrivi mrwamsi Tu<br />

aseTi mas gaaCnia. sxv<strong>is</strong>i ideeb<strong>is</strong> gansazRvra rTulia, radgan<br />

droTa ganmavlobaSi ideaTa klasifikacia xdeba: rTuldeba <strong>da</strong><br />

martivdeba.<br />

rudolf hesi sul sxva goneb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> grZnobeb<strong>is</strong> kaci iyo.<br />

mas didi sixarulic SeeZlo, didi siyvaruli <strong>da</strong> didi<br />

mwuxarebac. <strong>is</strong> aRmerTeb<strong>da</strong> im SegrZnebebs, roml<strong>is</strong>ganac man<br />

calke samyaro Seqmna. <strong>is</strong> Zalian mgrZnobiare kac<strong>is</strong> iersax<strong>is</strong><br />

matarebelia, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad m<strong>is</strong>i politikuri saqmianob<strong>is</strong>a. r. hesi<br />

kontrastuli buneb<strong>is</strong> a<strong>da</strong>miani iyo. masSi erTmaneTs ebrZo<strong>da</strong><br />

sind<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>is</strong>ufleba, sityva <strong>da</strong> saqme, siyvaruli <strong>da</strong><br />

Tav<strong>da</strong>deba. rodesac ukve ingl<strong>is</strong>Si myofma rudolfma<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> pasuxi mo<strong>is</strong>mina, rom <strong>is</strong> fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgiles<br />

arasodes Sexvedria, gakvirvebiT warmoTqva: me amas verasodes<br />

warmovidgendio. sxvagvarad, <strong>is</strong> amas arasodes gaakeTeb<strong>da</strong>, rac<br />

masSi ar ido ar moelo<strong>da</strong> sxvaSic. am SemTxvevaSi, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

Secdoma win<strong>da</strong>uxe<strong>da</strong>oba ki ar iyo, aramed hamilton<strong>is</strong><br />

pirovneb<strong>is</strong> saTanadod ver Seswavla. r. hesi <strong>da</strong>kmayofil<strong>da</strong><br />

imiT, rom albrexts hercogTan kargi megobroba akavSireb<strong>da</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong> yuradReba mxolod m<strong>is</strong> politikur karieraze ga<strong>da</strong>itana.<br />

mox<strong>da</strong> sruliad sapir<strong>is</strong>piro, hamilton<strong>is</strong> pirovnebam <strong>is</strong> gaaogna,<br />

imdenad moulodnel saxasiaTo manevrs waawy<strong>da</strong> masSi. m<strong>is</strong> win<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> saxiT sruliad ,,ucnobi’’ kaci idga. magram<br />

hercog<strong>is</strong> monawileobas r. hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>iaSi, mravali aspeqti<br />

gaaCn<strong>da</strong> gar<strong>da</strong> pirovnul<strong>is</strong>a. am sakiTxTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />

<strong>ikveTeba</strong> ori versia: 1) Tu hercogi hamiltoni premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<br />

uinston CerCil<strong>is</strong> gverd<strong>is</strong> avliT moqmedeb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

184

moadgiles <strong>is</strong> sur<strong>da</strong> gamoeyenebia Suamavlad ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong><br />

monarqTan, maSin saqm<strong>is</strong> kursSi yofila mefe georg VI. 2) Tu<br />

hamiltoni <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> egidiT moqmedeb<strong>da</strong>, maSin hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

sakiTxSi Caxedili un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo TviT premier-min<strong>is</strong>tric,<br />

roml<strong>is</strong> ukan ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>zverva idga. orive SesaZlebel<br />

SemTxvevaSi hercogi r. hes<strong>is</strong> m<strong>is</strong>iaSi gareuli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />

amdenad, <strong>is</strong> eWvmitanilTa siaSi fiqsirdeba.<br />

185

<strong>da</strong>skvnebi<br />

adolf hitler<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> miRma<br />

politikoseb<strong>is</strong> uiRblo ,,tandemi” imaleba. ingl<strong>is</strong>Si r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

gafren<strong>is</strong> funqcionaluri <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba, TviT am m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong><br />

motiveb<strong>is</strong> Seqmna-warmoqmnaSi ar<strong>is</strong> saZiebeli. motiveb<strong>is</strong><br />

simravle cxadyofs gafren<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> seriozul mzadebas arc Tu<br />

xanmokle dro<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi.<br />

maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, ,,Seuracxadi nac<strong>is</strong>t<strong>is</strong>” ,,impulsuri<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba”, rogorc Tavad hitlerma <strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>ma garemocvam<br />

aRniSna germani<strong>is</strong> sagareo saqmeTa komunikeSi, la-manS<strong>is</strong><br />

srut<strong>is</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>laxv<strong>is</strong> mizezi ver gaxdebo<strong>da</strong>. es sakiTxi uTuod<br />

seriozul midgomas saWiroebs. kvlev<strong>is</strong> Teoriul fonze, am<br />

eqstravaganturi m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> Semecneb<strong>is</strong> sakiTxi gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

permanentuli SigTavsia, roml<strong>is</strong> irgvliv wamoWrili sa<strong>da</strong>vo<br />

sakiTxeb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>regulireba verbaluri gaazreb<strong>is</strong> Sedegia.<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrena zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong> motiviT iyo<br />

ganpirobebuli, sabWoTa kavSirze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxm<strong>is</strong> win,<br />

germani<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> zurg<strong>is</strong> gamagreb<strong>is</strong> mizniT. fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgiles<br />

an didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> mokavSireoba, an am qveyn<strong>is</strong> neitraliteti<br />

un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyo. or frontze om<strong>is</strong> acileb<strong>is</strong> saSiSroebiT<br />

nacional-social<strong>is</strong>turi germani<strong>is</strong> usafrTxoeb<strong>is</strong> garanti<br />

iqmnebo<strong>da</strong>. dezaviurebuli ingl<strong>is</strong>i hitler<strong>is</strong> aRmosavleT<strong>is</strong><br />

kampani<strong>is</strong> warmatebiT ganxorcieleb<strong>is</strong> u<strong>da</strong>o Sans iZleo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

magram konsensusi <strong>da</strong>savleT evrop<strong>is</strong> am or ,,nordul qveyanas”<br />

Sor<strong>is</strong>, SeuZlebeli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. didi britaneT<strong>is</strong> premiermin<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong><br />

u. CerCil<strong>is</strong> dumilma fiurer<strong>is</strong> oficialur<br />

186

SeTavazebaze <strong>da</strong>zaveb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb, hitler<strong>is</strong> revanS<strong>is</strong>tuli<br />

ganwyob<strong>is</strong> morigi zr<strong>da</strong> gamoiwvia. ,,<strong>da</strong>Sineb<strong>is</strong> anu SantaJ<strong>is</strong><br />

politika” _ ai, ra ido fiurer<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan om<strong>is</strong> wamowyebaSi,<br />

londonze sahaero masirebuli Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmeb<strong>is</strong> ganxorcielebaSi.<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> avantiur<strong>is</strong>tuli politika lobireb<strong>da</strong> m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

TvalTaxedv<strong>is</strong> diapazons, sa<strong>da</strong>c ingl<strong>is</strong>Tan zav<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>deb<strong>is</strong><br />

perspeqtiva <strong>is</strong>axebo<strong>da</strong>. zav<strong>is</strong> idea jer kidev safrangeT<strong>is</strong><br />

kampani<strong>is</strong> warmatebiT <strong>da</strong>sruleb<strong>is</strong> dRes gaCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>aqe<strong>da</strong>n</strong><br />

moyolebuli Teoriulad muSavdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> praqtikulad<br />

<strong>is</strong>injebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

r. hes<strong>is</strong> msazRvrelobiTi buneba gafren<strong>is</strong> organizeb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />

m<strong>is</strong>i s<strong>is</strong>ruleSi moyvan<strong>is</strong> eqvivalents kargad moergo. ingl<strong>is</strong>germani<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>zaveba imdenad seriozul WrilSi ganixilebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />

rom aucileblad didi won<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> gavlen<strong>is</strong> kaci un<strong>da</strong><br />

wasuliyo, <strong>is</strong> vinc fiurer<strong>is</strong> saxeliT <strong>is</strong>aubreb<strong>da</strong>. rogorc<br />

cnobilia, hitlerma Tav<strong>is</strong>i azrebi mTels germaniaSi yvelaze<br />

uaxloes a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>da</strong> partiul aparatSi moadgil<strong>is</strong><br />

Tanamdebobrivi statusiT aRWurvil r. hess gaando. dialog<strong>is</strong><br />

procesSi, es ukanaskneli fiurers ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Tav<strong>is</strong>i gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

ideas SesTavazebs, rasac hitler<strong>is</strong> mxri<strong>da</strong>n ganr<strong>is</strong>xeb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>uyovneblivi reaqcia mohyveba. im wuTebSi, r. hesma Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

<strong>da</strong>Ronebuli fiurer<strong>is</strong> siamovneb<strong>is</strong> gamo gamoTqva ingl<strong>is</strong>Si<br />

wasvl<strong>is</strong> mzadyofna, r<strong>is</strong> Semdeg masSi am Canafiqr<strong>is</strong><br />

ganxorcieleb<strong>is</strong> realuri Sansebi dRiTi-dRe izrdebo<strong>da</strong>. karl<br />

haushoferTan <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 7 saaTianma saubarma alpebSi, mas<br />

ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba sabolood miaRebina. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, hes<strong>is</strong> gafren<strong>is</strong><br />

sakiTxSi didi roli Seasrules mama-Svilma haushoferebma,<br />

romlebmac Sedegi sakuTari Sexeduleb<strong>is</strong>amebr gaTvales. <strong>is</strong>ini<br />

187

m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> warmatebaze did imedebs amyarebdnen. am SemTxvevaSi r.<br />

hesi gaxdebo<strong>da</strong> didi reputaci<strong>is</strong> mqone, v<strong>is</strong>ac saerTaSor<strong>is</strong>o<br />

gamoxmaureba eqnebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>swored</strong>, am<strong>is</strong> Semdeg SeZlebdnen<br />

haushoferebi Tav<strong>is</strong>i gegm<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>ruleSi moyvanas _ hes<strong>is</strong><br />

gapirvelkaceb<strong>is</strong> Sesaxeb. hitlerma barbarosuli gziT ga<strong>da</strong>Wra<br />

ebraelTa sakiTxi. haushofereb<strong>is</strong> ojaxi ki ebraeleb<strong>is</strong> s<strong>is</strong>xliT<br />

naTesavebi iyvnen. gavixsenoT, ras ambobs k. haushoferi<br />

niurnberg<strong>is</strong> sasamarTlo procesze: Cemi ideebi hitlerma<br />

verasodes ver gaigoo. hesi ki erTaderTi iyo, vinc ebraeleb<strong>is</strong><br />

ganadgurebam gul<strong>is</strong> siRrmemde SeZra. <strong>is</strong> iqnebo<strong>da</strong> pirveli<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tTagan, vinc am sakiTxs am gziT ar ga<strong>da</strong>Wri<strong>da</strong>, Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />

imitom rom masze k. haushofer<strong>is</strong> gavlena didi iyo.<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si samxedro patimr<strong>is</strong> ampluaSi myof hess,<br />

biverbruk<strong>is</strong> SekiTxvaze: ,,gqon<strong>da</strong>T Tu ara warmateb<strong>is</strong> imedio” _<br />

gascinebia, radgan kiTxva Zalian ususuri moeCvena <strong>da</strong> uTqvams:<br />

,,sxvagvarad rogor gamovfrindebodio”[20,45]. gafren<strong>is</strong> wina<br />

mosamzadebelma samuSaoebma, _ gaTvlils ingl<strong>is</strong>Si arsebuli<br />

e.w. ,,mSvidob<strong>is</strong> parti<strong>is</strong>” wevrebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSireb<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> hercogi<br />

hamilton<strong>is</strong> saSualebiT ingl<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> mefesTan SeRwev<strong>is</strong><br />

mcdelobaze, _ didi rezonansi gamoiwvia. r. hes<strong>is</strong> warmosaxvaSi<br />

gamokveTili azreb<strong>is</strong> inerciuli stabilizaciiT svlam, m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

mxri<strong>da</strong>n, ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> yoyman<strong>is</strong> yvela niuansi gaanadgura.<br />

nac<strong>is</strong>tebi hercogs am m<strong>is</strong>iaSi pozitiur rols akuTvnebdnen.<br />

mas un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyo m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> mSvidobiani <strong>da</strong>gvirgvineba <strong>da</strong><br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> moadgil<strong>is</strong> uvnebloba. Tumca xelSeuvalobiT r. hesi<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si mTeli sicocxl<strong>is</strong> ganmavlobaSi sargeblob<strong>da</strong>, Tu ar<br />

CavTvliT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva homeopaTiur <strong>da</strong> samedicino saSualebebs<br />

gamoyenebuls m<strong>is</strong>i halucinacieb<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>sadgenad <strong>da</strong> garkveuli<br />

188

mosazreb<strong>is</strong> gamo, m<strong>is</strong>Tv<strong>is</strong> samxedro cnobeb<strong>is</strong> gamoZalv<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong>.<br />

maSin rodesac, yofili nac<strong>is</strong>ti diqtatorebi Span<strong>da</strong>us<br />

sapyrobileSi gonebrivi d<strong>is</strong>kreditaci<strong>is</strong> sawy<strong>is</strong> stadiaze<br />

imyofebodnen, r. hesi sruli indiferetizmiT gamoirCeo<strong>da</strong>.<br />

tvin<strong>is</strong> myeseuli devalvacia goneb<strong>is</strong> evoluci<strong>is</strong> umaRles<br />

stadiaze SesaZlebelia, magram hesTan amnezi<strong>is</strong> Cveuli formiT<br />

gamovlena ar <strong>da</strong>sturdeba. halucinacieb<strong>is</strong> didostats es<br />

didebuli fandi ara marto warumatebeli m<strong>is</strong>i<strong>is</strong> SesaniRbavad<br />

<strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong>, aramed ingl<strong>is</strong>eleb<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> samxedro informacieb<strong>is</strong><br />

miwodeb<strong>is</strong>agan Tav<strong>is</strong> arideb<strong>is</strong> mizniT. un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom r.<br />

hesi moRalat<strong>is</strong> ampluaSi ar gvesaxeba, Tu ar CavTvliT<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> reputaci<strong>is</strong> Seulaxaob<strong>is</strong> motiviT nac<strong>is</strong>teb<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

SeTiTxnil versias - germanii<strong>da</strong>n m<strong>is</strong>i gaqcev<strong>is</strong> Taobaze. r. hesi<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Tav<strong>is</strong>i nebiT gafrin<strong>da</strong>, magram sainteresoa rogor<br />

mox<strong>da</strong> neb<strong>is</strong> Tanxvedra aseTi reputaci<strong>is</strong> mqone kacTan. albaT,<br />

m<strong>is</strong>ma pirovnulma aspeqtebma, droTa ganmavlobaSi mimarTuleba<br />

SeiZina <strong>da</strong> warmateb<strong>is</strong> molodinma eiforiuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />

miaRebina. man germania Tav<strong>is</strong>i nebiT <strong>da</strong>tova, magram am qveyni<strong>da</strong>n<br />

ar gaqceula. hitlerma sruli fiasko ganica<strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>kargv<strong>is</strong> gamo. m<strong>is</strong>i mxri<strong>da</strong>n marcxiT gamowveuli sulieri<br />

dram<strong>is</strong> araerT gamoxatulebas vawydebiT. r. hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenaze<br />

hitler<strong>is</strong> codn<strong>is</strong> faqti ,,albaTob<strong>is</strong> Teori<strong>is</strong>” msgavsad<br />

arsebobs, romelzec albert ainStainma sakmaod<br />

maxvilgonivrulad SeniSna: ,,RmerTi kamaTels ar TamaSobso”.<br />

es sakiTxi hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong> sulieri identifikaci<strong>is</strong><br />

Sesabam<strong>is</strong>i kriteriumeb<strong>is</strong> Canacvlebas saWiroeb<strong>da</strong>. maTi axlo<br />

fsiqologiuri monacemebi mocemul sakiTxze obieqturi<br />

<strong>da</strong>skvn<strong>is</strong> gakeTeb<strong>is</strong> saSualebas gvaZlevs. TavSekaveb<strong>is</strong> sindromi<br />

189

droebiTia, radgan xSirad Sinagani neba raimes <strong>da</strong>farv<strong>is</strong><br />

saSualebas ar iZleva. am SemTxvevaSi, instiqt<strong>is</strong> faqtor<strong>is</strong><br />

gaTval<strong>is</strong>wineba yoyman<strong>is</strong> yovelgvar farglebs scildeba. miT<br />

ufro, roca qveyn<strong>is</strong> pirveli megobari pir<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> msgavs<br />

eqscess aqvs adgili, SiS<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong> rid<strong>is</strong> faqtoreb<strong>is</strong> aRreva xdeba.<br />

individSi, romelic amasTan qveyn<strong>is</strong> meore piria, saidumlos<br />

Tqm<strong>is</strong> aucileblob<strong>is</strong> moTxovna dRiTi-dRe izrdeba. miT umetes,<br />

roca saqme saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelob<strong>is</strong> sakiTxs exeba.<br />

amdenad, hitler<strong>is</strong> arcodn<strong>is</strong> faqts hes<strong>is</strong> gafrenaze<br />

gamovricxavT. mdgomareoba qmn<strong>is</strong> Segnebas. r. hesma kargad<br />

ico<strong>da</strong>, rom nac<strong>is</strong>tur imperiaSi empiriul ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebs<br />

mxolod fiureri Rebulob<strong>da</strong>. erTi wl<strong>is</strong> Semdeg, tabu<strong>da</strong>debul<br />

frenaze hes<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> fiurer<strong>is</strong>gan <strong>da</strong>stur<strong>is</strong> miReba marto<br />

sibraluliT ar iyo gamowveuli. hitleri mosalodneli<br />

gafren<strong>is</strong> warmatebaSi <strong>da</strong>arwmunes im diplomatiuri arxeb<strong>is</strong><br />

<strong>da</strong>mowmebiT, romlebsac r. hesi <strong>da</strong> a. haushoferi iyenebdnen<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>el ,,<strong>da</strong>myvaveblebTan” saidumlo molaparakeb<strong>is</strong> dros.<br />

aviakonstruqtor<strong>is</strong> v. meserSmit<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong> ojax<strong>is</strong><br />

patimrob<strong>is</strong> gareSe <strong>da</strong>toveb<strong>is</strong> faqtors rac Seexeba, mas Tav<strong>is</strong>i<br />

specifikuri <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba aqvs. hes<strong>is</strong> meuRle ilze<br />

priol<strong>is</strong>aTv<strong>is</strong> saxelmwifo pensi<strong>is</strong> <strong>da</strong>niSvna, am gafrenaze<br />

fiurer<strong>is</strong> codn<strong>is</strong> faqts gvi<strong>da</strong>sturebs, xolo musolinTan m<strong>is</strong>i<br />

atireba hitler<strong>is</strong> mZafr sinanulze migvaniSnebs, hes<strong>is</strong><br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafrenaze <strong>da</strong>stur<strong>is</strong> micem<strong>is</strong> gamo. hitlerma <strong>da</strong>karga<br />

hesi.<br />

britaneT<strong>is</strong> saidumlo samsaxur<strong>is</strong> anonimuri rol<strong>is</strong><br />

gansazRvra Tem<strong>is</strong> sakvlevi resurseb<strong>is</strong> erTgvar <strong>da</strong>namatad iqca.<br />

u. CerCilTan stalin<strong>is</strong> ,,gulubryvilo” aRiarebam SIS-<strong>is</strong> mier<br />

190

hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si Setyueb<strong>is</strong> Taobaze, premier-min<strong>is</strong>tr<strong>is</strong> fiurer<strong>is</strong><br />

moadgil<strong>is</strong> ,,pirad tyved” oficialurad gamocxadeb<strong>is</strong> rekordi<br />

moxsna, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> es uwyeba (MI5) CerCil<strong>is</strong> uSualo<br />

iniciativiT m<strong>is</strong>ave <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebaSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong>. erTi mxriv, r.<br />

hes<strong>is</strong> ingl<strong>is</strong>Si SetyuebiT SIS-ma Tav<strong>is</strong>i <strong>da</strong>cemuli prestiJi<br />

aRidgina <strong>da</strong> amasTan, Suri iZia ,,venlos incidentiT” miyenebul<br />

samarcxvino marcxze, xolo britaneT<strong>is</strong> premier-min<strong>is</strong>trma<br />

SeZlo sakuTari Zaleb<strong>is</strong> konsoli<strong>da</strong>cia opoziciurad<br />

ganwyobili a<strong>da</strong>mianeb<strong>is</strong> mimarT. moaxdina ra maTi <strong>da</strong>qsasva, am<br />

Zalaze <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli gaxa<strong>da</strong>. amaze Sors <strong>is</strong> aRar wasula. u.<br />

CerCilma SeZlo opozicioneri kolegeb<strong>is</strong> am saqmi<strong>da</strong>n<br />

moxerxebulad gamoZeveba, maTive reputaci<strong>is</strong> Seulaxaob<strong>is</strong><br />

motiviT. amavdroulad, ingl<strong>is</strong>-germani<strong>is</strong> gacxarebuli om<strong>is</strong><br />

dros, xelT igdo mesame kaci mesame raix<strong>is</strong> imperii<strong>da</strong>n _<br />

esoden didi monapovari om<strong>is</strong> dros, sabrZolo propagand<strong>is</strong><br />

Tvalsazr<strong>is</strong>iT.<br />

191

ibliografia<br />

saarqivo masalebi, dokumentebi<br />

1. Great Britain. Public record office. Premier 3. 219/1 – 219/7 General<br />

correspodence. Political F. O. V. –VIII . Hess. 1941. [u. GCerCil<strong>is</strong> arqivi]<br />

2. Архив КГВ СССР. Дело – формуляр №205 66. Кличка - ,,Черная берта”.<br />

Рудольф Гесс Арх №28889.<br />

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umaRlesob<strong>is</strong> stacionaluri of<strong>is</strong><strong>is</strong> mier)<br />

literatura<br />

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9. Churchil W. S. The Second World War. vol.3, Boston, 1948 -1953.<br />

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10. Douglas-Hamilton, J. Motive for a m<strong>is</strong>sion. L. 1974.<br />

11. Gabel Ch. Conversations interdites avec R. Hess. Par<strong>is</strong>, 1988.<br />

12. Hassel u. The von Hassel Diaries. 1938-1944. L.1948<br />

13. Hess Ilse. Pr<strong>is</strong>oner of Peace L. 1954.<br />

14. Hess Wolf Rudiger – Mor<strong>da</strong>n Rudolf Hess Druffel, Leoni, 1989.<br />

15. Hess Wolf Rudiger – My fater Rudolf Hess. W. H. Allen, 1986.<br />

16. Hutton F. B. The Man and H<strong>is</strong> M<strong>is</strong>sion. L. 1970.<br />

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18. Irving. D. The m<strong>is</strong>sing yars 1941-1945, L. 1987<br />

19. Khrushchev, Remembers L. 1971.<br />

20. Kirkpatrick I. The inner circle. The Memoirs of Ivon Kirkpatrick, L. 1959.<br />

21. Leasor J. Rudolf Hess. The uninvited Envoy. Alien etc. Univen, 1962.<br />

22. Liddel Hart B. H. H<strong>is</strong>tory of Second World War. L. 1970.<br />

23. Ludecke Kurt. J knew Hitler. Tarrolds 1938<br />

24.Nicolson H. Diaries and Letters. 1930-1962. 3v. Fantana Books, 1971.<br />

25. Popov D. Spay, Counterspay. Veldenfeld, 1974.<br />

26. Rees F. The case of Rudolf Hess. L. 1947.<br />

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28. Speer A. Inside the third Reich, L. 1971.<br />

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30. Spier E. Focus. L. 1963.<br />

31. Schirer W. The R<strong>is</strong>e and Fall of the Third Reich. L. 1964.<br />

32. Schirer W. Berlin Diarry. 1934-1941. L. 1972.<br />

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39. Гальдер Ф. Военный Дневник. 3т. М. 1968-1971.<br />

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45. Сергеев Ф. Таиные Операции Нацисткой Разведки. М.1991.<br />

46. Фест И. Адольф Гитлер. 3т. Пермь. 1993.<br />

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werilebi, statiebi, interviuebi<br />

1. svanaZe l. hes<strong>is</strong> naxtomi naxevari saukun<strong>is</strong> samreklo<strong>da</strong>n<br />

,,uqimerioni”. april-ma<strong>is</strong>i, 1990.<br />

2. Бутков С. Не все пломбы сорваны. Расследования ,,КП”. ,, Комсомольская<br />

правда”. 12. 04. 1989.<br />

3. Бутков С. Загадка узника Шпандау. ,,Комсомольская Правда”. 25. 03. 1989.<br />

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4. Волков Ф. Д. Неудавшийся прижок Рудольфа Гесса. АН СССР новая и<br />

новейшая история. Отдельный оттиск. М. 1968.<br />

5.Гесс ВольФ-Рудигер. Мой Отец пытался предотвратить 22 июня. Интервью<br />

корреспонденту газеты ,,Известия” . Зотову. ,,Известия“ 17 июня 2002. #110<br />

6. Дмитриев Ю. Майоров Ю. Тихий нацист. ,,Труд”<br />

7.Журавлев б. Берлин 22 июня. ,,Правда” 06.04. 1991.<br />

8. Криволапов А. Вопросы без ответа. ,,Известия” 26. 09. 1987.<br />

9. Мосс Б. Почему Рудольф Гесс должен оставаться в Шпандау. ,,За<br />

Рубежом”. №30 1974<br />

10. Семенов Ю. Испанская встреча. ,,Неделя”. №№34-35 1976.<br />

11. Царев О. Последный полет ,,Черной Берты”. Из архивов КГБ СССР.<br />

12. Berry J. Hess-no innocent dupe. ,,Morning Star” 24. 05. 1979.<br />

13. Goote C. R. Should Hess <strong>is</strong> freed ,,Sun<strong>da</strong>y Telegrap.” 28. 04. 1974.<br />

14. Scott E. Was the real Hess shot down. ,,Morning Star”. 24. 05. 1979.<br />

195

Sinaarsi<br />

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1<br />

sakiTx<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong>toriografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />

Tavi I<br />

a. hitler<strong>is</strong>a <strong>da</strong> r. hes<strong>is</strong> sulieri identifikaci<strong>is</strong> gancd<strong>is</strong><br />

motivebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37<br />

Tavi II<br />

ingl<strong>is</strong>Si gafren<strong>is</strong> mizezeb<strong>is</strong> tipologiuri niSneb<strong>is</strong><br />

detaluri analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82<br />

Tavi III<br />

<strong>da</strong>zverv<strong>is</strong> ,,anonimuri’’ variacia politikuri roleb<strong>is</strong><br />

teleologiur ganzomilebaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129<br />

Tavi IV<br />

hercogi hamiltoni <strong>da</strong> rudolf hesi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152<br />

<strong>da</strong>skvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186<br />

bibliografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195<br />

196

197

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