d i s e r t a c i a

avtoris stili daculia 

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti 

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti 

arqeologiisa da eTnologiis instituti 

merab miqelaZe 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolo qarTul miTologiaSi 

anTropologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad 

warmodgenili 

d i s e r t a c i a 

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, 

profesori qeTevan xuciSvili 

Tbilisi 

2012 

1

mgel-ZaRlis simbolo qarTul miTologiaSi 

sarCevi : 

Sesavali - ZiriTadi Teoriebi totemizmis Sesaxeb _ 3-31 gv. 

Tavi pirveli 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolo qarTul miTsa da folklorSi 

1) yurSas miTosuri saxe da RvTaeba kviriasTan misi mimarTeba _ 

32-53 gv. 

2) mgel-ZaRlis simbolo qarTul samonadireo eposSi – 54-75 gv. 

3) mgel-ZaRlis simbolos mimarTeba kvdomad da aRdgenad RvTaebebTan 

– 76-91 gv. 

Tavi meore 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolo qarTul eTnografiul sinamdvileSi 

1) `mgelTuqmeoba da mgeljixvaoba~ _ 92-105 gv. 

2) seTis wm. giorgis sadResaswaulo cikli da mglisgamosaxulebiani 

saweso droSa `lemi~ _ 106-130 gv. 

3) mgel-ZaRlis simbolos xTonuri aspeqtebi – 131-146 gv. 

daskvna _ 147-151 gv. 

ilustraciebi – 152 gv. 

gamoyenebuli literaturis sia – 153-162 gv. 

2

Sesavali 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolo sainteresod vlindeba qarTul miTsa da 

folklorSi. am mxriv, saintereso masalaa Semonaxuli qarTul 

eTnografiul yofaSic. winamdebare sadisertacio naSromi swored mgel- 

ZaRlis simbolos istoriul-kulturul WrilSi Seswavlas eZRvneba. 

vinaidan mgel-ZaRli erT-erT uZveless zoomorful simbolos 

warmoadgens, romelsac mravalmxrivi funqcionaluri datvirTva eZleoda 

msoflios sxvadasxva kulturebSi, naSromSi moxmobili iqneba ucxouri 

masalac, romelic qarTul masalasTan Tanxmierad iqneba ganxiluli. 

sakiTxis aqtualobas gansazRvravs mgel-ZaRlis simbolos aqtiuri 

warmoCena qarTvelTa winareqristianul religiur panTeonSi, misi 

gamovlena qarTul saxviT xelovnebaSi, miTsa da eposSi. aRniSnul 

simbolosTan dakavSirebuli mravalmxrivi masalis Tavmoyras da mis erT 

sistemaSi moyvanas isaxavs miznad winamdebare naSromi. 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolos qarTul sinamdvileSi gansakuTrebul 

adgils umkvidrebs Tundac is faqti, rom mglis saxeli qarTvelTa 

eTnikur saxelSia asaxuli. amasTan dakavSirebiT, S. amiranaSvili 

SeniSnavs: `dasavleT saqarTvelos, e.i. istoriuli kolxeTis 

mosaxleobis eTnikur saxelwodebaSi ZiriTad elements Seadgens ger, 

gver (margili, egrisi, enguri, argveTi da sxv.), rac megrul-WanurSi 

niSnavs `mgels~. cnobilia, rom mcire aziis mcxovreblebis, lubielebis 

aRsaniSnavad, ixmareboda idiograma UR, BAR, RA, rac sumerul enaze 

`mgels~ niSnavs. lubielTa nesituri dasaxeleba lu-u-i-li Seefereba 

laTinur lupus-s. likielTa tomobrivi dasaxeleba etimologiurad axlo 

dgas berZnul sityvasTan λυχoς (mgeli). Zu mgelis mier gamokvebili 

romuli da remi, marsis vaJiSvilebi iyvnen, romelsac mis gaigivebamde 

berZnul aressTan, Tayvans scemdnen mglis saxiT. Zveli kolxeTis 

xelovnebaSi ZiriTad Temas warmoadgens tomobrivi totemis _ mglis 

gamosaxuleba, romelsac religiur-magiuri azrovnebis ganviTarebis 

gansazRvrul safexurze gabatonebuli mniSvneloba hqonda... totemur 

cxovels Tan axlavs fantastikuri atributebi, romelTa axsna unda 

veZioT xalxur TqmulebebSi, religiur-magiur wes-CveulebebSi da 

warmodgenebSi~(8,45). 

3

qarTvelTa aRmniSvneli eTnikuri saxelis mgelTan dakavSireba 

ucxour wyaroebSic gvxvdeba. magaliTad, `parTul da saSualo sparsul 

enebze qarTls (iberias) ewodeba Warucan, e.i. `mglis qveyana~~(106,117). 

amasTan dakavSirebiT, i. surgulaZe SeniSnavs: `garda eTnografiuli 

monacemebisa, mglis problemisaTvis Tvalyuris gadevneba istoriuli 

wyaroebiTac xerxdeba. cnobilia, rom mefe vaxtangs mglis saxiani 

muzaradi exura da metsaxeli `gorgasali~ aqedan warmomdgara. saxeli 

vaxtangi sparsulad niSnavs `mglis tanis mqones~. uaxlesi gamokvlevebiT 

dadasturebulia, rom me-III saukunis parTuli wyaroebi iverias ixsenieben 

saxeliT `virSan~ (gamoiTqmis `virCan~), xolo saSualo sparsulze 

ewodeboda `v-ruCan~, rac mglis qveyanas niSnavs. cxadia, roca qveyanas 

ase eZaxian, saamiso safuZvelic unda hqonodaT~(85,136). 

mglis simbolos qarTvelTa eTnikur saxelSi warmosaxva 

ganpirobebuli unda yofiliyo imiTac, rom `qarTul tradiciaSi ZaRlisa 

da masTan asocirebuli mglis simbolo mraval konteqstSi vlindeba: 

`ciuri ZaRli – elvis gansaxiereba, wylis ZaRli, romelic moicavs 

rwmena-warmodgenaTa mTel kompleqss. wavTan dakavSirebiT, saiqios ZaRli 

Sesabamisad ZaRli – fsiqopompi, mgeli, rogorc mTeli koleqtivis 

erTianobis simbolo (ritualSi aSangelo, SaSangelo), ZaRlis paraskevi 

da ZaRlis oTxSabaTi, e.w. `mglis uqmeebi~ dReobaTa kalendarSi; erTerTi 

mTavari gamosaxulebaTagani uZveles brinjaos culebisa da 

sartyelebis dekorSi; mglebi – TrialeTis sasmisis cnobil frizze; 

mglebi jer morige RmerTis damxmareni, mogvianebiT wm. giorgis mglebi 

da sxv.~(2,57). 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolo aseve aqtiurad vlindeba qarTul 

samonadireo eposSi. e. virsalaZis azriT, nadirT RvTaebis erT-erT 

ZiriTad atributs, mis saxecvlilebas, swored ZaRli warmoadgens(39,71). 

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mgeli kargad gamokveTili solaruli 

cxovelia, razedac naSromSi gveqneba saubari, naTlad ikveTeba mglis 

simbolos kavSiri mzis astralur kultTan. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, 

yuradReba mivaqcioT im faqts, rom qarTvelTa warmarTuli RvTaeba – 

kviria, romlis daqvemdebarebaSi mglebi arian, swored solaruli 

RvTaebaa(117,203). 

4

niSandoblivia, rom qarTvelTa warmarTul religiur panTeonSi, 

mgel-ZaRlebi gvxvdebian astralur RvTaebaTa triadis (morige RmerTi, 

mzeqali, kviria) saTaveSi myofi morige-RmerTis daqvemdebarebaSic, rac am 

cxovelebis sakulto xasiaTs sagangebod usvams xazs: `божества пантеона 

отличались друг от друга наличием у них различного вида зооморфных и 

антропоморфных духов-помощников или подручных, которые проживали в святилищах 

этих божеств и изучение культа которых может дать возможность установить генезис 

самих астральных божеств пантеона, как это видно на примере исследования культа 

волков Мориге Гмерти и собак – мтцеварни, подручных некоторых общинных божеств 

(см. здесь, же «Знамя лем, волк-собака» и «Пантеон астральных божеств периода 

разложения первобытно-общинного строя»)~(12,23). mglebi warmarTul RvTaebaTa 

nebis aRmsruleblebad gvevlinebian: `Наказание виновных происходило также по 

велению Гмерти. Непосредственными исполнителями его велений были так называемые 

«есаулы Гмерти» хтис иасаулни, Квирия же являлся их предводителем. По 

представлениям восточно-грузинских горцев, есаулы Гмерти были его подручные 

волки. Мориге гмерти посылал их под началом Квирия на сушу для покарания виновных, 

взимания с них налогов и непосильно тяжкого, равносильного смерти обложения 

ими~(12,22). 

mgel-ZaRlis kultis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs aseve 

balsqvemo svanebSi mgelTa mbrZaneblis – mamberis figura, romelsac 

astralur RvTaebaTa darad, samarTlis warmoebis uzenaesi funqcia 

ebara: `Наряду с этнографическими фактами вскрывающими тотемическое отношение к 

волкам, в сванских (нижнебальских) религиозных пережитках обрисовывается фигура 

властителя волков, так называемый Мамбери, который связывал пасть волкам, когда 

был доволен сванами и, напротив, напускал их на скотину сванов, если сваны 

заслуживали его гнева~( 12,47). 

rogorc aRiniSna, mglis saxeli vlindeba qarTvelTa ucxour, 

kerZod iranul saxelwodebebSi. amasTan, S. amiranaSvili megrelTa 

satomo saxels aseve mgels ukavSirebs. aRniSnuli gvafiqrebinebs, rom 

mgeli SeiZleboda yofiliyo qarTvelTa socialuri erTobis simbolo 

(mxedvelobaSia misaRebi mgel-ZaRlis metad sapatio adgili winareqristianul 

qarTul religiur panTeonSi), rac SesaZloa uZvelesi, 

totemuri rwmena-warmodgenebis gamoZaxils warmoadgendes. mgel-ZaRlis 

5

simbolos amgvari gaazrebis winapirobebs iZleva miTo-religiuri 

konteqstebi da mdidari istoriul-eTnografiuli masala. 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolos Seswavlas, qarTul kulturaSi misi 

adgilis gansazRvras TavianT naSromebSi Seexnen qarTveli da ucxoeli 

mecnierebi: n. mari, b. kuftini, v. bardaveliZe, e. virsalaZe, m. Ciqovani, T. 

oCiauri, s. makalaTia, i. surgulaZe, d. janeliZe, b. abaSiZe, j. ruxaZe, i. 

kikviZe, z. kiknaZe, i. gagulaSvili, J. SaraSiZe, a. mileri, i. meSCaninovi, i. 

domanski, v. vinogradovi, m. vadbolski, e. xinTibiZe, m. xidaSeli, r. 

canava, n. abakelia, q. alaverdaSvili, n. RambaSiZe da sxv. aRsaniSnavia, 

rom mgel-ZaRlis sakulto mniSvnelobas qarTvelTa warmarTul 

religiur panTeonSi gansakuTrebuli adgili dauTmo v. baradveliZem 

Tavis naSromSi: `Древнейшие религиозные верования и обрядовое графическое 

искусство Грузинских племен~. mgel-ZaRlis kultis gamovlenas qarTul 

samonadireo eposSi sagangebod exeba e. virsalaZe monografiaSi: 

`qarTuli samonadireo eposi~. aRniSnuli kultis adgils qarTul miToritualur 

sistemaSi specialur Tavs uZRvnis n. abakelia naSromSi: 

`simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi.~ 

vinaidan mgel-ZaRlis zoomorfuli simbolo SeiZleba uZveles 

totemistur rwmena-warmodgenebs davukavSiroT, ris safuZvelsac 

gvaZlevs qarTvelTa eTnikur saxelSi mglis saxelis warmoCenac, 

naSromSi ganxiluli iqneba totemuri Teoriebi (k. levi-strosi, e. 

diurkemi, k. van genepi, z. froidi, j. frezeri da sxv.) da qarTul 

eTnologiur masalasTan maTi mimarTebebi. mgel-ZaRlis kults 

totemistur WrilSi ikvlevdnen: v. bardaveliZe, n. mari, b. kuftini da 

sxv., Tumca i. surgulaZes sakiTxis mimarT gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba 

hqonda. 

sakiTxis istoriul-eTnologiur WrilSi ganxilvisas, Cven daveyrdnobiT 

Semdeg avtorebs: iv. javaxiSvili, S. amiranaSvili, T. CxeiZe, n. mari, gr. 

giorgaZe, a. svaniZe, T. miqelaZe, J. eriaSvili, m. CarTolani, n. xazaraZe, i. 

tatiSvili, v. nozaZe, a. lekiaSvili, s. makalaTia, m. baliauri, i. Wyonia, 

i. qerqaZe da sxv. 

6

istoriul-arqeologiuri masala naSromSi ganxiluli iqneba Semdegi 

avtorebis mixedviT: b. kuftini, t. CubiniSvili, g. javaxiSvili, o. 

jafariZe, k. kuSnareva, n. kiRuraZe da sxv. naSromSi aseve warmodgenili 

iqneba qarTveli da kavkasieli xalxis eposi, miTologia, narativebi da 

velze muSaobis Sedegad mopovebuli informacia. 

naSromze muSaobisas Cems mier gamoyenebulia eTnografiuli kvlevis 

savele meTodi, rac gulisxmobs konkretul regionSi eTnografiuli 

xasiaTis dakvirvebis da adgilobriv mkvidrTa interviurebas. 2008 wlis 

ivlisSi, savele samuSao Cavatare piriqiTa xevsureTSi da zemo svaneTSi. 

meore meTodi, romelsac naSromSi viyeneb aris kros-kulturuli- 

SedarebiTi meTodi. vinaidan naSromi iTvaliswinebs mgelTan 

dakavSirebuli religiuri kompleqsis farTod Seswavlas, aRniSnuli 

meTodi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas 2 doneze: 

a) sinqronul doneze 

b) diaqronul doneze 

totemuri periodi kacobriobis ganviTarebis uZveles etaps 

ganekuTvneba. mak lenani iyo pirveli, vinc totemizmi daukavSira 

kacobriobis zogad istorias. mkvlevarma igi miiCnia saTaved 

zoolatriuli da fitolatriuli yvela kultisa, rac ki Zveli 

xalxebis yofaSi SeiniSneba (32,129). totemizmi rogorc sistema ZiriTadad 

SemorCenilia avstraliisa da samxreT amerikis uZveless aborigenul 

mosaxleobaSi. Tumca misi nakvalevi aseve sxva xalxebSic SeiniSneba. 

totemur religiaSi vlindeba pirvelyofili sazogadoebis socialuri 

da religiuri organizaciis uZvelesi formebi. totemi rogorc klanis, 

tomis damRa, emblema, koleqtiuri cnobierebis gamovlinebaa, vinaidan: 

`jgufis erToba sagrZnobia mxolod koleqtiuri saxelis wyalobiT, 

romelsac yvela misi wevri atarebs da, aseve, koleqtiuri emblema 

ganasaxierebs am saxeliT aRniSnul erTobas. klani aris im individTTa 

gaerTianeba, romlebic atareben erTsa da imave saxels da erTi da imave 

niSnis irgvliv arian gaerTianebulni~(32,326). 

7

n. mari aRniSnavs, rom qarTvelTa tomobrivi gaerTianebebis 

socialur struqturebSi aisaxa jer totemuri, xolo Semdgom 

astraluri rwmena-warmodgenebi; metad sagulisxmoa avtoris mosazreba 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT: `Эпохами своего возникновения эти языческие верования 

относятся к двум ярко выделяющимся этапам развития человеческого мышления, 

тотемному, с предпосылкой социальной структуры при малых коллективах, и 

астральному космическому, что предпологает уже наличие социальной организации 

большого масштаба. В настоящее время мы их находим беспорядочно в состоянии 

скрещения. Они почти девственно нетронуты в таких кавказских районах, нередко в 

пределах Грузии, как, Абхазия (Абазгия), ныне автономная республика, или Свания, или 

Хевсурия, где быт социальной организации с малыми коллективами, не переходящими 

норм племенной структуры, продолжает господствовать по крайней мере в среде 

массового населения. Культ свиньи, увязанной с солнцем, имеет свои переживания в 

Грузии, грузинском клине, вбитом между лазами и мегрелами к Батумскому выходу в 

море; в ней, грузинской области, сверху до низов, начало года торжественно справляли 

еще на нашей памяти обрядами обоготворения свиньи, но палеонтология речи населения 

этой грузинской сверху до низу области вскрыла смену господства в ней абхазов, сванов и 

мегрелов, а в Свании слово, означающее, “свинью” и “божество”, (святыню) не 

различается в двух соседящих ущельях. 

Ванские халды нам помогают с их солярной троичностью датировать 

астральный культ с космическим мировоззрением, которой следовал за 

предшествующей системой мышления, тотемной с культом камня, дерева, таких 

домашних животних, как собака, лошадь, свинья. Впрочем, у халдов мы находим 

переживание конского культа~(61,21). 

n. maris mosazreba sainteresoa imiTac, rom vanis xaldebSi mzis 

astralurs kults, sxva totemur simboloTa Soris, win uswrebda 

ZaRlis Tayvaniscemac, rac kidev erTi sabuTia imisa, rom es cxoveli 

mziur semantikaSia gansaxilveli. aqve aRvniSnoT isic, rom zogadad 

mglisa da ZaRlis kultebi erTmaneTTanaa gaigivebuli: `mglebis 

ZaRlebTan gaigiveba Cveulebriv movlenas warmoadgens saerTo kavkasiur 

(da ara marto kavkasiur) tradiciaSi. gaigiveba, rogorc enobrivi, aseve 

miTologiuria. svanuri zeyar udardeba xevsurul rwmena-warmodgenebs 

mwevrebze, romlebic igivdebian RvTaebaTa `mwevar-mglebTan~~(2,56). 

kavkasiuri arqeologiuri masala mravalferovnad avlens mgel- 

ZaRlis gamosaxulebebs, rac am erT dros sakraluri cxovelis 

8

mniSvnelobaze calsaxad migvaniSnebs: `изображение собаки является не только 

обычным в древностях Кавказа, но оно выступает в многочисленных вариациях и в 

таком характере что мы вправе будем на основании этих документов указать и на 

особенное значение этого животного в кавказской яфетической среде, утвердившееся 

уже в глубокой древности и имевшее, повидимому, последовательный ряд более поздних 

переживаний, вероятно, родственных в своем первичном источнике~(68,289). 

materialuri kulturis Zeglebze (kolxur-yobanuri kultura) 

mgel-ZaRlis gamosaxulebebs qarTvelTa eTnikuri totem-simbolos 

datvirTvas aZlevs b. kuftini: `Собаковидное существо представляет 

неоднократно уже упоминавшегося «гвера» драконо-волка, значение и смысл которого 

выясняется: из языково-палеонтологиеской, как мы выше уже говорили, связи между 

грузинскими названиями волка и змеи (gueri ‘змея’, по мегрельски, и gweri ‘волк’, по 

чански ), из этнического наименования мегрелов герами с эпонимным их героем Герия и 

из не менее тесной, указанной акад. И.И. Мещаниновым, материальной связи 

изображений змеи и собаки на кобаньской бронзе~(50,193). 

sainteresoa isic, rom svanuri masaliT, mglebi iTvlebian wm. 

giorgis, igive jgragis wminda ZaRlebad (12,48). SesaZloa erT dros 

`RvTaebasTan~ gaTanabrebuli, qarTvelTa socialuri erTobis gadmomcemi 

cxoveli – mgeli, RvTaebaTa anTropomorfizaciis Sedegad, am 

ukanasknelTa mxolod sakralur atributad iqca. sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT, d. xaituni aRniSnavs: `Мы не можем не согласиться с Г.В. 

Плехановым, что «Когда животнообразное (зооморфическое), представление о боге 

уступает место человекообразному (антропоморфическому) представлению о нем, тогда 

животное, бывшее прежде тотемом, становится так называемым атрибутом». 

Атрибуты богов – орел Зевса, змея и сова Афины, лань Артемиды, голубь Афродиты, волк 

и дельфин Аполлона, конь Посейдона и т.д. относятся поэтому к явлениям того же 

порядка~(111,83). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, r. canavas mosazrebiT, berZnul-romaul 

miTologiaSi zoomorfuli kodis gaCena garkveulwilad aseve 

totemizmis anarekli unda iyos: `berZnul da romaul miTebSi sustad, 

magram ikiTxeba `totemisturi kvali~: mirmidonelebi WianWvelebisagan 

warmoiSvnen. vazis rqisgan – oZolielebi. aTenis damaarsebeli kekropsi 

gvelkaci iyo. olimpieli RerTebis gardasaxvebi berZnuli miTebis 

popularuli Temebia: zevsi xaria, arwivi da oqros wvima; aTena – bu da 

9

yvavi, poseidoni – cxeni, demetre – faSati, apoloni – Tagvi, mgeli; hera 

– Zroxa, asklepiosi – gveli; dionise – melia da a.S. (Tumca am miTebs 

sxvagvaradac xsnian). totemistur warmodgenebs ukavSireben kentavrebs da 

sxva najvar arsebebs. totemizmis kvals xedaven italikuri tomebis 

miTosSic. magaliTad: samnitebis totemebi iyvnen: yvavi, mgeli da xari. 

romSi marss Tayvans scemdnen mglis saxiT. berZnul da romaul 

mwerlobaSi Zalian popularuli iyo miTebi, romlebic cxovelebad 

gardasaxvebze mogviTxrobdnen~(107,35). 

avtori iqve ganagrZobs: `kavkasiur, qarTul samyarosTan 

mimarTebaSi mecnierebaSi ori mosazreba gamoiTqva: zogi miiCnevs, rom aq 

Cans totemisturi warmodgenebis kvali, zogi amas kategoriulad 

uaryofs. alrien golani wers: ~kavkasiaSi ar dasturdeba totemizmis 

kvali. es kvali ar Cans arc evropasa da wina aziaSi, romelTa 

kulturebTanac aris dakavSirebui kavkasia. ase rom, araviTari safuZveli 

ar gvaqvs am regionzec gavavrcoT is monacemebi, romlebic avstraliasa 

da amerikaSia mopovebuli. zogierT avtors miaCnia, rom totemizmi 

religiuri universaliaa da dedamiwis yvela xalxSi dasturdeba. es ase 

ar aris~. totemizmi, rogorc mentaluri sistema, Cvens sakvlev 

TematikaSi ramdenime TvalsazrisiT erTveba, romelTagan gansakuTrebiT 

aqtualuria e.w. `totemuri msxverplSewirvisa~ da totemi cxovelebis 

sakiTxi~(iqve). 

marTlac, arqeologiuri, eTnologiuri Tu miTo-folkloruli 

masala mowmobs sxvadasxva zoomorful simboloTa arsebobas (Cvens 

SemTxvevaSi mgel-ZaRlisa), romlebic socialur-religiur sistemebTan 

garkveul mimarTebaSi imyofebian. eTnikur saxelSi zoomorfuli 

simbolikis gaCena nebauneburad gvakavSirebs totemistur rwmenawarmodgenebTan 

(vinaidan totemi koleqtiuri cnobierebis gamovlinebaa), 

Tumca terminis – totemi xmarebas pirobiTi xasiaTi unda mieces. es 

ukanaskneli me-20 saukunis pirveli naxevris samecniero literaturaSi 

aqtiur mimoqcevaSi iyo qarTuli kulturis iseT mkvlevarebTan, 

rogorebic iyvnen n. mari, i. javaxiSvili, b. kuftini, v. bardaveliZe da 

sxva. Tumca, Tanamedrove mecnierebi totemizmis ganzogadebisgan Tavs 

ikaveben, vinaidan am uZvelesi religiuri sistemis, erTian, universalur 

doneze rekonstruireba ver xerxdeba; Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli terminis 

10

xmarebisas ifarglebian mxolod avstraliisa da Crdilo-amerikis 

religiuri sistemebiT, romlebsac Tavad totemizmis warmoSoba 

ukavSirdeba. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom warmarTuli religiuri sistemebi totemizmisTvis 

damaxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebebs met-naklebi saxiT mainc inarCuneben; 

marTlac, qarTvelTa eTnikuri saxelis, rogorc socialuri erTobis 

gadmomcemi terminis religiur sibrtyeSi ganxilva, rac nebsiT Tu 

uneblied, totemisturi rwmena-warmodgenebis uZveless arealSi gvaqcevs, 

mogvagonebs svaneTSi dadasturebul erT saintereso rituals _ 

àSangelo-SaSangelos~, romelSic mglis simbolo vlindeba swored 

rogorc socialuri erTobis simbolo. 

aRniSnuli ritualis dros, romelic aRwerili aqvs v. 

bardaveliZes da romelsac avtori uZveless totemistur rwmenawarmodgenebs 

ukavSirebs, xdeboda mglis ritualuri mkvleloba _ 

mamakacTa sazeimo procesias win miuZRoda mglis mkvleli, romelsac 

xelSi eWira Woki, romelzec mokluli mglis tyavi iyo wamocmuli. 

procesia simReriT Semoivlida sofels da yoveli saxlis win Cerdeboda. 

saxlis patronebi gareT gamodiodnen da winamZRols tyvias an safants 

gadascemdnen. es ukanaskneli mglis mkvlelobaSi Tanamonawileobis 

gamomxatveli iyo. avtoris azriT, am mniSvnelovani detalis meSveobiT 

aRdgenilia forma cxovelis koleqtiuri mkvlelobisa. vinaidan saweso 

msvleloba pirdapir kavSirSia cxovelis mkvlelobasTan (es procesia 

mxolod mglis mkvlelobis dros tardeboda), v. bardaveliZis azriT, 

saqme unda exebodes totemuri cxovelis saweso mkvlelobas (12,45). Tuki 

mglis saweso mkvlelobas miviCnevT sakralur, totemur cxovelTan 

ziarebis gamovlinebad, ar aris gamoricxuli mgel-ZaRli yofiliyo, 

socialur-religiuri ganviTarebis garkveul etapze, gvaris, Temis, tomis 

erTianobis simbolo-totemi, romlis mkvlelobiT xdeboda tomis 

`sulieri Zalebis~ regeneracia-ganaxleba. 

dabolos, zemoT damowmebuli àSangelo-SaSangelos~ svanuri 

rituali, romelSic mgel-ZaRlis kulti socialuri identobis 

simbolod aRiqmeba, met damajereblobas hmatebs S. amiranaSvilis 

mosazrebas, rom kolxur xelovnebaSi dafiqsirebuli cxoveli 

warmoadgenda `tomobriv totems – mgels, romelsac gansazRvruli 

11

adgili eWira magiur-religiur azrovnebaSi tomis ganviTarebis garkveul 

safexurze~ (8,45). aqve, damowmebuli citatis avtori SeniSnavs, rom 

`Zeglebis Seswavla gveubneba, rom cxovelebisa da astraluri sxeulebis 

Sefardebas ufro simboluri mniSvneloba unda hqondes. cxovelebis 

gamosaxuleba Cven unda ganvixiloT ara rogorc realuri sinamdvilis 

gadmocemis cda mxatvruli saSualebiT, aramed rogorc simbolur 

saxeebSi gadmocemuli adrindeli xanis religiuri warmodgenebis 

gamosaxuleba~ (8,43). 

amgvarad, kolxur saritualo culebze astraluri da zoomorfuli 

simboloebis semantikuri gaxsna qarTvelTa uZvelesi religiuri rwmenawarmodgenebis 

konteqstSi unda moxdes: `ganviTarebul brinjaos 

kulturis xanis xelovnebis nawarmoebebSi totemuri cxoveli gamoisaxeba 

grafikuli naxatiT da mxatvruli dekoris ZiriTad motivs Seadgens, mas 

gansazRvruli, religiur-magiuri mniSvneloba aqvs~(8,45). Sesabamisad, 

Cvens mosazrebas, mgel-ZaRlis simbolo solarul sistemaSi movaqcioT, 

razedac naSromSi dawvrilebiT gveqneba saubari, mxars isic umagrebs, 

rom kolxur saweso culebze, rig SemTxvevaSi, mgel-ZaRlebis gverdiT, 

mzis gamosaxulebebia dafiqsirebuli (33,13). 

12

ZiriTadi Teoriebi totemizmis Sesaxeb 

totemizmi pirvelad gvxvdeba j. longis wignSi, romelic 1791 wels 

londonSi gamoqveynda. Kkomersanti jeims longi hyveboda ojibves tomis 

monadiris monaTxrobs, romelmac SemTxveviT mokla daTvi, ris gamoc 

meore daTvma mas mkvlelobaze pasuxi mosTxova, miuxedavad imisa, rom 

monadiris mobodiSeba daTvma miiRo. Mmonadire mainc Sewuxebuli 

darCenila da ase uTqvams: “bedma mimuxTla, Cemi totemi gamibrazda, 

amieridan nadirobis ufleba aRar maqvso” (15,550). 

longis monaTxrobidan naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi totemizmi 

cnobili iyo rogorc mxolod amerikuli instituti. 1841 wels ki, msgavsi 

wes-Cveulebebis arseboba avstraliaSic dadasturda. amis Semdeg, 

mecniereba zogadi xasiaTis mqone, Camoyalibebuli sistemis winaSe dadga. 

mak lenani iyo pirveli, vinc totemizmi daukavSira zogadad kacobriobis 

istorias. mkvlevarma igi miiCnia saTaved fitolatriuli da 

zoolatriuli yvela kultisa, rac ki Zveli xalxebis yofaSi SeiniSneba. 

misi azriT: “ar arsebobs adamianis modgma, romelsac rwmenis es 

primitiuli etapi ar hqondes gavlili”(15,550). miuxedavad mak lenanis am 

gancxadebisa, mecnierebis ganviTarebis mocemul etapze, totemizmi, 

rogorc uZvelesi socialur-religiuri struqtura, met-naklebad 

sistemuri saxiT gvxvdeba mxolod avstraliasa da Crdilo amerikaSi, 

Sesabamisad misi, rogorc sistemis ganzogadebisgan, mecnierebi Tavs 

ikaveben. 

sityva totemizmi warmoiSva Crdilo amerikis didi tbebis regionSi 

gavrcelebuli, algonkinis enidan. gamoTqma ototeman, romelic 

daaxloebiT niSnavs _ “Cemi naTesaobidan aris” _ gamoxatavs naTesaobas 

ego-sa da naTesav mdedrs an mamrs Soris, sazRvravs ra amgvarad erTi 

Taobis egzogamiur jgufs. ojibves klanebi atareben metwilad 

cxovelebis saxelebs. frangi misioneri _ tavene, romelmac kanadaSi 

icxovra me-18 saukunis bolosa da me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi, am faqts 

xsnida im gadmocemiT, rom TiToeuli klani Tavis warmoSobas ukavSirebs 

TavianT mxareSi arsebul cxovels: yvelaze lamazs, yvelaze megobruls, 

yvelaze saSiSs, yvelaze gavrcelebuls; anda yvelazed ufro xSirad 

monadirebuls (53,30). totemad ZiriTadad miiCneva mcenareTa an cxovelTa 

13

samyaros warmomadgeneli; metwilad es ukanaskneli. xdeba isec, rom 

totemi aris ara erTi mTliani sagani, aramed sagnis nawili. zogjer 

totemad gvxvdeba bunebrivi movlena, an ciuri sxeulebi: magaliTad, mze, 

mTvare, esa Tu is Tanavarskvlavedi. 

frangi anTropologi levi-strosi imTaviTve miiCnevs, rom 

“totemizmi”, rogorc koleqtiuri saxeldebis sistema, ar unda iyos 

aRreuli rwmenasTan, romelic miRebulia igive ojibveebSi, sadac 

TiToeul individs SeuZlia urTierTobaSi Sevides cxovelTan, romelic 

misi mfarveli suli gaxdeba. erTaderTi damowmebuli termini, romelic 

aRniSnavs am mfarvel individualur suls, aRwerili iyo me-19 saukunis 

mogzauris mier rogorc _ nigouimes; mas araferi saerTo ara aqvs sityva 

– totemTan, an raime msgavss gamoTqmasTan. kvlevebi ojibveze aCveneben 

rom pirveli aRwera e.w. “totemizmis” institutisa, rasac unda 

vumadlodeT me-18 saukunis dasasrulis inglisel vaWarsa da mTargmnels 

_ longs, Seicavs garkveul uzustobas, vinaidan masSi klanuri leqsika 

(sadac cxovelebis saxelebi Seesabameba koleqtiur dasaxelebebs) da 

mfarvel sulebTan (romlebic individualuri damcvelebi arian) 

dakavSirebuli rwmenebi erTmaneTSia aRreuli (53,30). amasTan 

dakavSirebiT, levi-strosi xazs usvams im faqts, rom saWiroa 

koleqtiuri totemebi ganvacalkevoT individualuri mfarveli 

sulebisgan da aqcenti gavakeToT adamiansa da klanur eponims Soris 

urTierTobis metaforul da Suamavlur xasaiTze. avtors mohyavs 

indielTa miTi, romelic gviambobs, rom maTi upirvelesi xuTi klani 

warmoiSva eqvsi zebunebrivi anTropomorfuli arsebebisgan, romlebic 

okeanidan amovidnen, raTa adamianebs Sereodnen. erT-erT maTgans Tvalebi 

hqonda axveuli da ver bedavda Seexeda indielebisTvis, Tumca amis didi 

survili gaaCnda. ver SeZlo ra sakuTari Tavis damorCileba, man bolos 

saburavi moiSora da misi mzera moxvda erT-erT kacs, romelic 

mexnakraviviT adgilzeve mokvda. miuxedavad stumris keTili zraxvebisa, 

misi mzera Zalzed Zlieri aRmoCnda. Tanamgzavrebma is aiZules ukan, 

zRvis siRrmeebs dabruneboda. danarCeni xuTni darCnen indielTa Soris 

da maT bevri wyaloba uyves 1 . maT dasabami misces did klanebs Tu 

1 aRsaniSnavia, rom indielTa miTi garkveulwilad gamoZaxils poulobs Suamdinarul 

miTologiaSi, sadac wylidan amosuli uzenaesi sibrZniT dajildoebuli Svidi Tevz-kaci _ 

afqali civilizacias aziarebs Sumeris qalaq-saxelmwifoebs. isini eweodnen kulturul-magiur 

14

totemebs: Tevzi, wero, zRvis ixvi, kverna (53,31). zogierTi adgilis 

dasaxeleba SeiZleba aseve totemad iqces, rasac safuZvlad udevs rwmena 

imisa, rom romeliRac miTiuri winapari TiTqos am adgilze gaCerda, an 

amave adgils ukavSirdeba misi legendaruli cxovrebis raime epizodi. 

magram miTebSi es winaprebi, imavdroulad, warmodgenilni arian rogorc 

wevrebi ama Tu im klanisa, romelTac TavianTi mudmivi totemebi hyavdaT 

cxovelTa an mcenareTa samyarodan. astraluri totemebic imave 

warmoSobis SeiZleba iyvnen radgan mze, mTvare, ciuri mnaTobebi xSirad 

gaigivebulia miTosuri epoqis winaprebTan. zogjer – da arc Tu 

gamonaklisis saxiT – romelime winapari an winaparTa jgufi uSualo 

totemobas uwevs romelime klans. amitomac igi iwodeba ara im realuri 

sagnis an misi saxeobis saxelis mixedviT, aramed mas wminda miTiuri 

arsebis saxeli hqvia (32,150). 

avstraliis tomTa umravlesobis safuZvelia jgufi, romelsac 

koleqtiur cxovrebaSi upiratesi mniSvneloba ekuTvnis: es aris klani. 

nivTTa is saxe, romelic emsaxureba mTeli klanis aRniSvnas, iwodeba mis 

totemad, rac imavdroulad TiToeuli misi wevris totemic aris. TviT 

erTi da imave tomis or sxvadasxva klansac ki ver eqneba erTi totemi 

(32,146). rac Seexeba im wess, romliTac totemuri saxelis darqmeva xdeba, 

emil diurkemis azriT, igi ufro exeba klanis Sevsebasa da organizacias, 

vidre religias, e.i. esadageba ufro ojaxis sociologias, vidre 

religiis sociologias. amasTan dakavSirebiT, tomebis mixedviT, 

totemuri saxelis SerCevisas sami sxavadasxva wesi moqmedebda. SeiZleba 

iTqvas, ZiriTadad sazogadoebaTa umravlesobaSi bavSvs aqvs dedis 

totemi. sxvagan totemi mamis xaziT gadaicema. adgilobrivi jgufi 

ZiriTadad Sedgeba im adamianebisgan, vinc erTsa da imave totems 

ekuTvnian; mxolod gaTxovili qalebi arian ucxo totemis mqoneni. 

dabolos, aruntebsa da loritjebSi bavSvis totemi ar ganisazRvreba 

arc dedis da arc mamis xaziT; es aris miTosuri winapris totemi – 

romelic dedas mistikurad gamoecxadeba gasanayofiereblad da Casaxavs 

bavSvs. saTanado meTodi am winapris Secnobis saSualebasac iZleva da 

imasac, Tu romel totemur jgufs miekuTvneba igi. magram, radgan ama Tu 

saqmianobas da Tavis TavSi aerTianebdnen moRvaweobis rogorc socialur, aseve religiur 

aspeqts. SumerTa uzenaes RvTaeba enqisac, rogorc okeanis siRrmeTa ufals, tani Tevzisa hqonda, 

xolo misi qurumebi mis msgavs niRabs atarebdnen msxverplSewirvisa Tu sxva ritualebis dros 

(45,173). 

15

im winapris gamoCenas dedis siaxloves, gansazRvravs SemTxveva, amdenad 

bavSvis totemi sabolood gauTvaliswinebel garemoebebzea 

damokidebuli (32,151,152). 

klanis totemis miRmaa da masze aRmatebulia fratriis totemebi. 

fratrias uwodeben erTmaneTis monaTesave klanebis gaerTianebul jgufs. 

Cveulebriv, erTi avstraliuri tomi or fratriad aris gayofili, 

romelTa Sorisac sxvadasxva klanebia gadanawilebuli. avstraliaSi ar 

arsebobs tomi, sadac fratriaTa raodenoba ors aRematebodes (32,152-156). 

fratriaTa amgvari dualisturi organizacia, rogorc socialuri 

struqtura, avstraliaSi warmodgenilia totemur cxovelTa Tu 

frinvelTa wyvilebiT: Sevardeni da yorani, arwivi da yvavi da sxv. (53,63). 

emil diurkemi askvnis, rom totemi, uwinares yovlisa, aris saxeli 

da garkveuli emblema, namdvili gerbi, romlis analogiebi heraldikur 

niSnebTan xSirad aRuniSnavT. yoveli adamiani uflebamosilia ataros 

igi, rogorc damamtkicebeli sabuTi im ojaxTan identobisa, romelsac 

igi ekuTvnis. Sarlevuas Tanaxmad, indielTa zogierT toms omis dros 

xelT epyra namdvili droSa – gakeTebuli tyavis naWrebisgan da 

damagrebuli tarze (Wokze) _ razec gamosaxuli iyo totemebi. 

iniciaciasTan dakavSirebuli ritualis Sesrulebis dros, roca 

axalgazrda kaci Seabijebda tomis religiur cxovrebaSi, mas sxeulze 

totemur simboloebs axatavdnen. CrdiloeT amerikis Crdilo-dasavleT 

sanapiroze mcxovrebi tomebi klanis totems axataven ara mxolod 

cocxlebs, aramed gardacvlilebsac – cxedars damarxvamde adeben 

totemis niSans. amrigad, totemi ar aris mxolod saxeldeba da emblema. 

religiuri ceremoniebis msvlelobis dros isini asruleben totemis 

rols, romelic imavdroulad warmoadgens koleqtiurobis iarliys da 

aqvs religiuri xasiaTi. marTlac, totemTan mimarTebaSi iyofian sagnebi 

sakralurad da profanulad. totemi aris TviT tipi sakraluri sagnisa 

(32,161,167,169). centraluri avstraliis tomebi, ZiriTadad aruntebi, 

ritualebis dros gamudmebiT iyeneben garkveul sagnebs, romelTac 

Curingebi ewodeba. es aris xis naWrebi an priala qvis naxatebi. TiToeul 

totemur jgufs amgvari qvebis met-naklebad mniSvnelovani maragi aqvs. 

yovel maTganze amotvifrulia naxati, romelic amave jgufis totems 

ganasaxierebs. Curingebis sakraluri xasiaTi gadaecema im adgilsac, 

16

sadac maTi samalavia mowyobili. es aris totemuri jgufis 

sakurTxeveli, saimedo TavSesafari, romelic profans aZevebs Tavisi 

siaxlovidan (32,169,172). totemuri gamosaxulebebi ar gaxlavT erTaderTi 

sakraluri ram. ritualebis obieqtebi SeiZleba iyvnen totemuri 

cxovelebi da mcenareebi. Cveulebriv, mcenareulobisa da cxovelTa 

yofiTi daniSnuleba maTi sakvebad gamoyenebaa; totemuri cxovelis an 

mcenaris sakraluri Tviseba ki Seicnoba im faqtiT, rom akrZalulia 

maTi Wama. arsebobs gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac klanis wevrebs 

an maT belads ara marto SeuZliaT, aramed evalebaT SeWamon totemuri 

cxoveli an mcenare. miTebi aseve gvamcnoben, rom didi winaprebi, klanis 

fuZemdeblebi, regularulad Wamdnen TavianT totems; Tumca es ar 

niSnavs, rom totemuri cxoveli an mcenare odesme gamoiyeneboda sakvebad 

Cveulebrivi wesiT. piriqiT, sakvebi, romelsac Seeqcevian am mistikuri 

trapezis dros, iTvleba sakralurad da, Sesabamisad, akrZalulia 

profanTaTvis. vinaidan cxovelebi da mcenareebi, romlebsac iyeneben 

totemebad, “miwierni” arian da yofiTi cxovrebis nawils warmoadgenen, 

xolo Curingebi ki daculia erTgvari saxis taZrebSi, romelTa 

zRurbls iqiTac profanuli cxovrebis yovelgvari kvali qreba, 

SeiZleba mivideT im daskvanmde, rom totemuri arsebis gamosaxulebebi 

ufro wmnidaa, vidre Tavad totemuri arsebebi. amasTan, klanis yoveli 

wevri Tvlis, rom is iseTive sakraluri bunebiTaa mosili, riTac 

mosilia misi mfarveli totemuri cxoveli. am `pirovnuli siwmindis~ 

safuZvelia misive rwmena, rom igi erTdroulad aris Cveulebrivi 

adamianic – am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, - da totemuri saxeobis 

cxovelic Tu mcenarec. adamiani, weren Jileni da spenseri, im arsebas, 

romelic mas totemobas uwevs, Tvlis imad, rac Tavad aris (32,181,188,189). 

koleqtiuri totemebis gverdiT arsebobs sxva, yoveli 

individisaTvis sakuTari totemic, romelic mis pirovnebas gamoxatavs da 

romlis kultsac igi calke rituals uZRvnis. individsa da mis totemur 

cxovels Soris umWidroesi kavSiria. adamianisa da cxovelis buneba 

erTia – maT aqvT saerTo Tvisebebi, da naklovanebebic. magaliTad, visi 

individualuri gerbic aris arwivi, iTvleba, rom mas aqvs momavlis 

ganWvretis unari. Tu adamiani atarebs daTvis gerbs, amboben rom 

ganwirulia brZolebSi dasaWrelad, radgan daTvi zantia da mZime da 

17

advilad ebmeva maxeSi. cxoveli miCneulia adamianis oreulad, mis alter 

ego-d. maT Soris mWidro kavSiri ganapirobebs maTi xvedris msgavsebasac. 

amboben, rom cxoveli adamianis Tanamdgomia da igi saocar Zalas 

gadascems Tavis mewyvile individs. totemi aris klanis mfarveli, iseve, 

rogorc individis mfarveli aris misi personaluri totemi. maSin roca 

klani totemad aRiarebuli cxovelis an mcenaris Camomavlad miiCnevs 

Tavs, individs ar hgonia, rom raime CamomavlobiTi mimarTeba aqvs Tavis 

pirad totemTan. es ukanaskneli misi mxolod megobari, mokavSire da 

mfarvelia. individualuri totemis dasadgenad saritualo qmedebaTa 

mTeli seriis aRsrulebaa aucilebeli (32,222,223). 

sainteresoa, ra principiT xdeboda klanis mier totemuri 

cxovelis arCeva. amis saintereso analizs gvTavazobs levi-strosi, 

romelic acxadebs, rom Znelad Tu vipoviT raimes, romelic erTi kuTxiT 

Tu meore kuTxiT, pozitiur Tu negatiur aspeqtSi ar yofiliyos 

garkveuli interesis aRmZvreli, rasac ver wvdebian utilitaruli da 

naturalisturi Teoriebi. ase magaliTad,Atotemebs SeiZleba 

warmoadgendnen saxifaTo da arasasiamovno arsebebi, rogoricaa niangebi 

da buzebi (sxvagan kidev wurbelebi), romlebsac uaryofiTi socialuri 

datvirTa gaaCniaT, magram amave dros, SeiZleba maTi gamravleba, raTa 

ziani miayeno mtrebsa da ucxoelebs. erTi SexedviT, buzebi da mwerebi 

iseT ubedurebas warmoadgenen, rom gviWirs gageba, Tu ratom arseboben 

ceremoniebi, romlebic maT gamravlebas isaxaven miznad... Tumca, ar unda 

dagvaviwydes rom buzebi da mwerebi, miuxedavad maTdami zizRisa, mWidro 

kavSirSia imasTan, risi mopovebac aborigens yvelazed ufro metad 

sWirdeba, gansakuTrebiT wlis garkveul periodebSi, es gaxlavT Zlieri 

wvima (53,96,97). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom umravlesoba totemuri cxovelebis 

saxeobebisa ar gvTavazobs kargad gamokveTil ekonomikur interess. 

magaliTad, nuerTa tomSi aranairi kargad gamokveTili gamoyenebiTi 

faqtori totemTa arCevaSi ar dominirebs. ZuZumwovrebi, frinvelebi, 

Tevzebi, mcenareebi da nuerTaTvis Zalzed saWiro arsebebi ar 

figurireben maT totemTa ricxvSi. Sesabamisad, dakvirveba nuerTa 

totemizmze ar amtkicebs im mkvlevarTa mosazrebas, romlebic 

umeteswilad anda principulad xedaven totemizmSi empiriuli 

interesebis ritualur gamoxatulebas (53,117). msgavsebis ideac, rasac 

18

obieqturad aRiqvam adamianebsa da totemebs Soris, problematurad 

gamoiyureba azandes tomis wevrebSi, romlebic TavianTi totemebis 

ricxvSi iTvlian warmosaxviT cxovelebs: qoCriani gveli, gveli – 

cisartyela, wylis leopardi, cxoveli – mexi (53,116). redklif-brauni 

cdilobs erT-erTi avstraliuri fratriis totemebi _ Sevardeni da 

yorani, axsnas struqturalisturi meTodiT, iSveliebs ra miToeTnografiul 

konteqsts. kerZod mas mohyavs dasavleT avstraliuri 

miTis erTi versia, romelic warmogvidgens Sevardenisa da yornis (mamri) 

urTierTobas; pirveli maTgani – meoris biZaa dedis mxridan da aseve 

misi potenciuri simamric, Tuki moxdeba sasurveli SeuRleba dedis Zmis 

qaliSvilTan. simamrs, realursa Tu potenciurs, ufleba aqvs mosTxovos 

Tavis siZes saCuqrebi sakvebis saxiT da amitomac Sevardeni ubrZanebs 

yorans moutanos mas kenguru-valabi. warmatebuli nadirobis Semdeg, 

yorani cdunebas emoneba: is nanadirevs miirTmevs, magram Tavs aCvenebs 

TiTqos nadirobidan xelcarieli dabrunda. magram biZas amis ar sjera 

da ekiTxeba Tu ras niSnavs misi damrgvalebuli muceli. yorani 

pasuxobs, rom SimSilis dasaokeblad man muceli akaciis qerqiT amoivso. 

Tumca eWviani Sevardeni iwyebs disSvilis muclis Ritins da isic xorcs 

amoarwyevs. dasjis mizniT, Sevardeni damnaSaves isvris cecxlSi da iq 

amyofebs iqamde, sanam mas Tvalebi ar gauwiTldeba da bumbuli ar 

gauSavdeba. maSin yorans tkivilisgan yvirili aRmoxdeba, romelic 

amieridan misTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. Sevardeni ki adgens, rom yorani 

amieridan Tavad aRar inadirebs, aramed moiparavs sxvaTa nanadirevs. mas 

Semdeg asec xdeba. am miTis gageba SeuZlebelia, aRniSnavs redklifbrauni, 

Tu ar mivmarTavT eTnografiul konteqsts. avstralieli Tavs 

Tvlis “xorcismWamelad”, xolo Sevardenic da yoranic, rogorc 

“xorcismWameli” frinvelebi, misi ZiriTadi konkurentebi arian. roca 

aborigenebi nadiroben da wvaven junglebs, maleve gamoCndebian 

Sevardnebi, raTa Seecilon maT nanadirev frinvelSi, romelic cecxlis 

als usxlteba: isinic monadireebi arian. cecxlisgan Soriaxlos, xeebze 

Semomjdari yornebi ki elodebian rodis danayrdebian sxvaTa nadimis 

xarjze. am tipis miTebi SeiZleba SevadaroT msgavsi struqturis mqone 

sxva miTebsac, Tumca maTSi monawileebad sxva cxovelebi gvevlinebian. 

cxovelur saxeobebs Soris arsebuli msgavseba da gansxvaveba ixsneba 

19

megobrobisa da konfliqtis, solidarobisa da dapirispirebis cnebebSi, 

anu, cxovelTa samyaros cxovreba warmodgenilia socialuri kavSirebis 

saxiT, iseTiT, rogoric prevalirebs adamianur sazogadoebaSi _ askvnis 

redklif-brauni. sakiTxisadmi amgvar eTnografiul midgomas levistrosis 

azriT damajerebloba aklia, vinaidan Sedegi rom miviRoT, 

bunebrivi saxeobebi klasificirebulni unda iyvnen dapirispirebuli 

wyvilebis saxiT, da es SesaZlebelia im pirobiT, Tuki irCevian saxeobebi, 

romlebsac gaaCniaT sul cota erTi saerTo niSan_Tviseba, rac 

Sepirispirebis saSualebas iZleva. principi naTelia Sevardnisa da 

yornis magaliTze, romlebic arian xorcismWameli frinvelebi, Tumca 

mainc gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan: pirveli – rogorc mtacebeli, meore 

– rogorc mZoris mWameli. magram rogor avxsnaT wyvili: Ramura – bu 

redklif-brauni aRiarebs, rom Tavidan cdunebas ahyva roca maTi saerTo 

niSan-Tviseba dainaxa imaSi, rom orive Ramis frinvelia. Tumca, axali 

samxreT uelsis regionSi, rogorc mdedrobiTi totemi, swored beRuris 

msgavsi dRis frinvelia Sepirispirebuli RamurasTan: marTlac, swored 

am beRuris msgavsma frinvelma aswavla qalebs xeze asvlis xelovneba. 

informatoris axsniT gaTamamebuli redklif-brauni kiTxulobs: ’’ra 

msgavsebaa Ramurasa da “beRuras” Soris” razedac aseTi ucodinrobiT 

gaognebuli aborigeni pasuxobs: “SexedeT mainc! isini orive xeebis 

fuRuroSi cxovroben!” marTalia, asociaciur fsiqologias 

mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia totemisturi kvlevebis TvalTaxedviT, 

SeniSnavs levi-strosi, magram struqturaluri analizis dros 

SeuZlebelia forma Sinaarss daaSoro. forma ara gareT, aramed SigniTaa. 

imisaTvis, rom CavwvdeT cxovelTa dasaxelebebis mizezs, saWiroa maTi 

konkretuli ganxilva, vinaidan Cven ufleba ar gvaqvs gadavlaxoT 

zRvari, romlis iqiT ganukiTxaoba mefobs – SeniSnavs levis-strosi da 

iqve dasZens, rom redklif-brauni ar xsnis imas, zogierTi avstralieli 

tomi ratom xedavs adamianur mdgomareobasa da cxovelur cxovrebas 

Soris msgavsebas xorcis Wamisken midrekilebaSi, maSin roca sxva tomebi 

maT Soris msgavsebas xedaven sacxovrebeli adgilis niSniT. Tumca misi 

Cveneba farulad mainc uSvebs, rom es gansxvaveba ukve Rirebulia da rom 

vyofiliyaviT sakmarisad informirebulni, SevZlebdiT mis dakavSirebas 

aseve sxva gansxvavebebTan, romlebsac aRmovaCenT ori mocemuli jgufis 

20

Sesabamis rwmenebSi, maT unarebSi anda garemosTan maT 

damokidebulebebSi (53,134). Sesabamisad, askvnis, levi-strosi, totemuri 

cxovelebi aRar arian mainc da mainc is arsebebi, romlebisac eSiniaT an 

romlebiTac aRfrTovandebian da romlebiskenac Zalzed iswrafvian: maTi 

grZnobismieri realoba warmoSobs cnebebsa da kavSirebs, romelTa 

wvdoma SeiZleba Teoriuli azrovnebiT, dakvirvebis monacemebidan 

gamomdinare. dabolos, gasagebi xdeba, rom bunebrivi saxeobebi irCevian 

ara imitom, rom “saWmelad vargisni arian”, aramed imis gamo, rom 

“vargisni arian, rom iazrovno” (53,128,130,132). 

amrigad, Tuki diurkems totemis cneba, rogorc sazogadoebis 

koleqtiuri “sulieri emblema” RmerTis gagebamde mihyavs, levistrosistTvis 

igi momdinareobs gansjidan da moTxovnebs, romelsac is 

pasuxobs, xerxi, romliTac is cdilobs maT dakmayofilebas, upirveles 

yovlisa inteleqtualuri xasiaTisaa. am TvalsazrisiT, mas araferi aqvs 

arqauli da Soreuli. misi suraTi proecirebulia, da ara miRebuli; is 

garedan ar iZens sakuTar arss. vinaidan, Tuki iluzia faravs erT nawils 

WeSmaritebisas, es ukanaskneli Cvens gareT ki ar aris, aramed CvenSia 

(53,153). imowmebs ra gledis reiCards, levi-strosi askvnis, rom 

miuxedavad imisa, rom Zalian bevria dawerili totemizmze, garemoebebi 

romlebSic igi vlindeba mravalsaxovania msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi; 

msgavsebebi am garemoebebSi zedapirulia da bevrnair konteqstSi 

SeuZliaT gamovlineba, ris gamoc absoluturad SeuZlebelia maTi erT 

kategoriaSi moTavseba (53,13). imave azrs iziarebs totemizmis meore 

frangi mkvlevari van genepi: “totemizmma ukve gamoscada araerTi 

mecnieris sazrianoba da gamomgonebloba; aris safuZveli vifiqroT, rom 

ase gagrZeldeba kidev mravali weli” (53,13). 

totemizmze, rogorc religiur sistemaze saubari qarTul realobasTan 

mimarTebaSi gamoricxulia, miT umetes, roca mecnierebs, totemizmis 

rogorc Camoyalibebuli religiur-socialuri sistemis danaxva, TviT 

avstraliaSi da Crdilo amerikis qveynebSic ki uWirT, sadac Tavad 

totemizmi Caisaxa. miuxedavad amisa, totemizmis garkveuli niSnebi 

qarTul eTnografiul masalaSic SeiZleba mikvleul iqnas. ase 

magaliTad, is faqti, rom svaneTSi mglis mkvleloba tabuirebuli iyo, v. 

21

ardaveliZes totemizmis nakvalevad miaCnia: `Убийство волков было 

табуировано, причем в основе запрета, повидимому, лежало древнее понимание тотемнородственных 

связей с данным миром животных... Сван, случайно нарушивший табу, 

становился перед убитым им зверем и с непокрытой головой приносил ему извинения, 

уверяя, что он ошибся, не признал волка, ибо он же не мог захотеть убить его, подобно 

тому, как не смог бы он этого пожелать в отношении родного брата. Затем оплакивал 

зверя, «как члена своей семьи» и, сняв с него шкуру, хоронил в землю~ (12,45). 

damowmebul citataSi yuradsaRebia isic, rom mobodiSebis teqstSi svani 

moklul mgels rogorc òjaxis wevrs~ ise daitirebs, riTac TiTqos 

xazgasmulia totemad aRiarebul cxovelTan naTesaobis ideac. svaneTSi 

dafiqsirebul ritualSi: aSangelo, SaSangelo, romelic mglis 

ritualur mkvlelobas ukavSirdeboda, v. bardaveliZe aseve totemizmis 

gamoZaxils xedavda. avtoris Tvalsazriss mxars umagrebs isic, rom am 

saweso mkvlelobas koleqtiuri qmedebis xasiaTi hqonda: `Во главе процесии 

шел убийца волка, который нес длинный шест с укрепленной на его вершине шкурой 

убитого зверя. Процессия с пением обходила село, останавливалась у каждого дома. 

Обитатели домов выносили порох или пулю и передавали предводителю процесии. 

Передача населением пороха и пули убийце волка, несомненно, является символическим 

выражением соучастия сельчан в убийстве последного. Следовательно, посредством этой 

важной детали восстанавливается форма коллективного убийства зверя. А то 

обстоятельство, что обрядовая процессия была непосредственно связана с актом убийства 

зверя (она устраивалась только в тех случаях, когда убивали волка), обнаруживает 

первоначальный характер коллективного дейсвия и значение обьекта подвергавшегося 

данному действию: повидимому, это было обрядовое убийство тотемного животного~ 

(12,45). 

Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT imas, rom totemi, uwinares yovlisa, 

aris garkveuli emblema, svanuri saweso droSa _ lemi, romelzedac 

mglis simbolo iyo gamoxatuli, totemur niSnad SeiZleba moviazroT. 

igive iTqmis, svanebis mier mglis tyavis tarebis tradiciazec(12,45), 

vinaidan sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani garemoebebis dros, klanis wevri 

cdilobda garegnuli msgavsebiT xazi gaesva totemTan naTesaobisTvis da 

amisaTvis icvamda totemuri cxovelis tyavs anda misi gamosaxulebis 

tatuirebas ikeTebda (91,169). erTi detalic. v. bardaveliZes xazgasmuli 

aqvs is faqti, rom mglis tyavis tareba mxolod asakovan svanebs 

22

SeeZloT: `Из вольчих шкур изготовлялась одежда, которую носили – в 

предреволюционный период, само собой разумеется, уже только престарелые сваны. Я 

их видела позднее сравнительно в большом количестве в Лентехском обществе Нижней 

Сванетии. Примечательно, что эта одежда состояла из длинных – от локтя до кисти рук, 

нарушников и шубы с вывернутой наружу шерстью и хвостом позади, спускающимся 

намного ниже талии~(12,45). avtoris zemomoyvanili cnoba sayuradReboa 

imiTac, rom totemuri msoflmxedvelobis Tanaxmad, nebismieri totemuri 

ceremonialis dros ritualis aRsruleba metwilad swored tomis 

uxucesebs evalebodaT (32,463). 

“lemis” saweso droSasTan dakavSirebiT, gansxvavebul mosazrebas 

gvTavazobs i. surgulaZe. Aavtoris azriT, Sewiruli cxovelis xeze 

dakidebis motivi, romelic jer kidev argonavtebis miTosidanaa cnobili, 

warmoadgens agraruli miTis amsaxveli ritualis nawils. aseve, raime 

gansakuTrebuli mizani ar unda hqonoda mglis tyavis zeda samosad 

gamoyenebas, radgan samosad uamravi jiSis cxovelis tyavs iyenebdnen 

rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise mTel msoflioSi. termini “totemi” svanTa 

ritualis aRsaniSnavad, avtoris azriT, mxolod pirobiTad SeiZleba 

iyos xmarebuli. svanTa ritualuri praqtikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

zogierTi detalis Sefaseba totemizmis realuri gadmonaSTebis 

dadasturebad ki ar unda CavTvaloT, aramed masSi unda davinaxoT am 

sazogadoebis religiuri azrovnebisaTvis tipuri, misi istoriuli 

ganviTarebisTvis Sesabamisi sarwmunoebrivi samsaxuris elementebi, 

romlebic TavianTi arsiT Zlier daSorebulni arian totemizmisgan _ 

askvnis avtori (86,187). i. surgulaZe, marTalia sagangebod usvams xazs 

mglisa da vefxvis mkvelobaze arsebuli tabus tradicias, magram am 

cxovelebTan dakavSirebul ritualur gamovlinebebSi totemizmis 

anareklis danaxva mainc uWirs. momyavs avtoris analizi sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT: `saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi SemCneulia, rom 

eridebodnen vefxvisa da mglis mokvlas. am cxovelebis monadirebas tabu 

edo. yofas gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad mgelTan dakavSirebuli masala 

SemorCa. v. bardaveliZes motanili aqvs moxuc svanTa naambobi am 

sakiTxze. isini Tvlidnen, rom mgels aqvs adamianis sasikeTod 

momarTuli raRac magiuri Zala, mglebi adamians exmarebian da 

mfarveloben, aseve ician `sisxlis aReba~ mokluli TavisianisTvis. 

23

svanebi yovelTvis cdilobdnen ar moeklaT mgeli ara imis gamo, rom 

maTgan SurisZiebisa eSinodaT, aramed imis gamo, rom xalxuri CveulebiT 

mglis mokvlas erTgvarad eridebodnen. monadire moklul mxecs, iseve, 

rogorc vefxvs, Tavze daadgeboda, quds moixdida, ebodiSeboda, 

arwmunebda, rom mkvleloba SemTxveviT moxda, radgan iseve ar undoda 

misi mokvla, rogorc sakuTari Zmisa. Semdeg mgels ojaxis wevriviT 

daitirebda, tyavs gaxdida da xorcs usaTuod daflavda. aseTive wesiT, 

rogorc vnaxeT vefxvis mimarTac sruldeboda. rogorc aRvniSneT, am 

momentebs v. bardaveliZe totemizmTan akavSiebda, rac saeWvoa. SesaZloa 

aq darCenili iyos odesRac arsebuli rwmenaTa inercia, magram nadirTan 

naTesauri kavSiris aRniSvna formaluria da ara sisxlismieri, arc 

masTan igiveobis grZnoba Cans, rac ase axasiaTebs totemizms. Semovla, 

yvela saxlis karwin simRera da yvelasagan mglis mkvlelobisaTvis 

tyvia wamlis gadacema ufro saTemo warmodgenebze migviTiTebs, vidre 

sagvareuloze da mTlianad emTxveva dResaswauli Sesrulebis svaneTSi 

miRebul wess. cxadia, es cxovelebi odesRac SesaZloa marTlac iyvnen 

totemuri obieqtebi, magram CvenTvis xelmisawvdom masalaSi koncefcia 

darRveulia, damaxasiaTebeli socialuri garemo aRar arsebobs, igi 

mTlianad gardasaxulia da misi socialur-istoriuli maxasiaTeblebi 

sul sxva sazogadoebriv dones adasturebs. rac Seexeba mgelTan, mis 

bewvTan, brWyalTan dakavSirebul warmodgenebs, maTi arseboba svaneTSi 

jer kidev 1882 wels daafiqsira r. erisTavma. maTi am saxiT arseboba 

Cveulebrivi movlenaa nebismieri sazogadoebisaTvis~(85,136). 

vfiqrob, SaSangelos ritualSi garkveuli totemuri niSnebi mainc 

SeiZleba davinaxoT Tuki mglis saweso mkvlelobas miviCnevT sakralur 

totemur cxovelTan ziarebis gamovlinebad. amasTan, mglis, rogor 

sakuTari òjaxis wevris~ datirebis faqti, iseve rogorc am cxovelis 

tyavis tarebis tradiciac asakovani svanebis mier, swored erT dros 

sakralur cxovelTan mimsgavsebis surviliT unda yofiliyo nakarnaxevi, 

rac nebauneburad totemistur rwmena-warmodgenebTan gvabrunebs. 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ar aris gamoricxuli mgel-ZaRli yofiliyo, 

socialur-religiuri ganviTarebis garkveul etapze, gvaris, Temis, tomis 

erTianobis simbolo-totemi. amis dasturad SesaZloa miviCnioT gvaris 

daSlis, gayofis dros ZaRlis orad gakveTis rituali, romelic 

24

dafiqsirebulia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi (110,27). amave 

suliskveTebis gamomxatvelia xeTebis mefe xaTusilis anderZic: “gvari, 

dae, erTiani iyos viTarca mglisa!” (30,56). 

totemuri cnobierebis gamoZaxili unda iyos, m. Ciqovanis azriT, 

monadireTa mier mokluli cxovelis sajarod xmiT datireba da 

sinanulis Txovna Cadenili danaSaulis gamo. vefxvis amgvari 

mkvlelobisa da datirebis rituali dafiqsirebulia kaxeTsa da 

svaneTSi: `neta, Sen magivrad Svili mogvekla, netav, Cveni ded-mama 

daxociliyo, netav is Cveni saxl-kari dagvewva, isev Cveni Tavi mogvekla~. 

magiuri teqstis xmamaRla warmoTqmiT adamianis moqmedeba erTgavard 

gabaTilebulia da amdenad totemma monadire ar unda dasajos 

(104,257,258). amasTanave, SeniSnavs avtori, Zveli datirebisgan gansxvavebiT, 

axla Txovna-vedreba ara uSualod nadirs, totems miemarTeba, aramed maT 

mfarvel RvTaebebs; erTdroulad - qristianul macxovarsa da wm. 

giorgis, warmarTul dalsa da afsaTs. Aaqve aRvniSnavT, rom qal-RvTaeba 

dali simbolizirebuli iyo jixvis saxiT. cxovelis saxiT xSirad 

igulisxmeboda nayofierebis uZvelesi mfarveli da ganmasaxierebeli 

qalRvTaeba. sayovelTaod cnobilia kretuli qalRvTaebis kavSiri 

jixvisebur cxovelTan, berZnuli artemides kavSiri SvelTan da a.S., 

razedac yuradRebas amaxvilebs i. surgulaZe (86,121,124). aqve aRvniSnavT, 

rom qarTvelTa warmarTuli warmodgenebiT kldis angelozi, nadirT 

angelozi xSirad gulisxmobda araCveulebrivi silamazis jixvs, arCvs 

da sxv. (39,149). 

samonadireo miTosidan yuradRebas iqcevs SeWmuli nadiris 

maTraxis dakvriT gacocxlebis idea, romelic universaluria ara 

mxolod kavkasiisaTvis, aramed mTeli msoflios xalxebis 

kulturebisaTvis: `kavkasiuri masalisaTvis tipiuria siuJetebi, sadac 

mokluli da SeWmuli cxovelis gacocxleba RvTaebaTa mier xdeba 

Zvalisa da tyavis, rogorc sasicocxlo minimumis bazaze. sagangebo 

yuradRebis Rirsia epizodebi, romelTa Sesabamisad, nadirTa RvTaebebi 

sanaTesao (saojaxo) jgufia da saerTo cecxlTan mjdomT aqvT saerTo 

trapezi. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom RvTaebebi icaven 

stumarTmoyvareobisa da maspinZlobis im wesebs, romlebic aRebul 

regionSi moqmedeben, rac Tavis mxriv xazs usvams maspinZeli jgufis 

25

egzogamiurobas. aseve saerToa siuJetTa umravlesobisaTvis cxovelis 

aRdgenis meqanizmi da amisTvis saWiro iaraRi (maTraxi, joxi, wkepla). 

sakraluri idea, romelic moqmedebaSi moyavs nadirTa mwyemsebis 

koleqtivs, totemistur warmodgenebSi iRebs saTaves. totemuri cxovelis 

magiuri saSualebebiT aRdgena-gamravleba totemuri jgufis ZiriTadi 

religiuri kvlavmwarmoebluri aqcia iyo~ (86,61). 

totemuri cnobierebis Tanaxmad, adamiani eqvemdebareboda saerTo 

Soreul winaprebs, romlebic sakraluri cxovelebis saxiT iyvnen 

simbolizirebulni; Sesabamisad, cxoveli, rogorc akrZalvis obieqti, 

winaparTan asocirdeboda, romlis ganadgurebac igive mkvlelobis 

tolfasi iyo (53,110). swored winaparTa saflavebi iyo pirveli 

sakurTxevlebi vinaidan kacobriobisTvis cnobili pirveli kulti 

gardacvlil winaparTa sulebi iyo (32,81,401). miTosur winaparTa cneba 

CarTulia Tavad im principebSi, rasac efuZneba totemizmi; am miTosur 

winaparTagan TiToeuli aris totemuri arseba. winaprebi TandaTanobiT 

uaxlovdebian da uerTdebian RmerTebis rigebs. didi RmerTic, Tavadac 

erT-erTi, oRond gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis winaparia. mis Sesaxeb 

mogviTxroben, rogorc adamianze, romelic udavod dajildovebuli iyo 

zeadamianuri SesaZleblobebiT, magram miwaze, sxva adamianTa gverdiT, 

Cveulebrivi cxovrebiT icxovra (32,401). winapris sakralizaciis motivs 

SesaZloa vxvdebodeT xevsureTSi. ase magaliTad: àrxotis 

mTavarangelozSi loculoben jabuSanurebi da xucessac am gvaridan 

irCeven. maTi winapari mgela wmindani yofila da mas xatebi Turme 

ecxadebodnen. mgela didad gavleniani xuci yofila da misi sulis 

mosaxsenieblad jabuSanurebi furTvakeze midian da aq mgelas saflavze 

saRrmTos ixdian~ (56,257). TviT saxelSi _ “mgela” SeiZleba garkveuli 

totemuri nakvalevi davinaxoT, Tuki imasac movigonebT, rom arxotis 

mTavarangelozis xatis galavnis qvemoT mTavarangelozis mwevris 

saflavia, romelsac “miqeelis mwevars” uwodeben da mis saflavze 

religiuri xasiaTis ritualebs asruleben (56,257). mgel/ZaRlis simbolo 

gansakuTrebiT Tavs iCens saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi. Aamis naTeli 

magaliTia “RvTaebis rangSi” amaRlebuli mWedeli pirquSi, romelic 

mgelaiSvilia da xalxuri leqsi, roca tomis beladisgan da 

winamZRolisgan iTxoven mglis muxlis mobmas: “gagviZeR bero mindiav, 

26

muxli maibi mglisao” (99,32). Mmfarvel totemTan TviTidentifikaciis 

magaliTebi ki, rogorc aRiniSna, totemuri religiis erT-erTi ZiriTadi 

damaxasiaTebelia Tvisebaa. saxeli, romelsac individi atarebda, ar iyo 

miCneuli ubralo sityvad, pirobiT niSnad, aramed igi aRiqmeboda 

rogorc Tavad individis arsi. msgavsad amisa, rodesac adamiani 

cxovelis saxels atarebda, mas aucileblad sjeroda, rom Tavadac am 

cxovelis yvelaze ufro damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis matarebeli iyo. 

arsebobda Tvisobrivi Sesabamisoba totemsa da mis matarebel individs 

Soris: `totemisturi problemis WrilSi ganixilavs levi-strosi 

adamianTa sakuTari saxelebis sakiTxs. misi azriT, sakuTari saxelebi 

aris ara imdenad lingvistikis, ramdenadac eTnologiis sakvlevi. amas 

mkvlevari ormag paradoqss uwodebs. yvela pirvelyofili sazogadoeba 

sakuTari saxelebis warmoSobas klanis aRmniSvnel cxovels ukavSirebs. 

`melaneziaSi yoveli individi atarebs Tavisi klanis totemuri winapris, 

sulis, Citis, varskvlavis, nivTis, instrumentis saxels. erTsa da imave 

individs SeiZleba hqondes 30 da meti saxeli, romelTa etimologia adis 

`saidumlo miTebamde~. igive situaciaa avstraliaSi: `Tu iciT arandes 

ena, sakmarisia, gaigoT nebismieri adgilobrivi mkvidris saxeli, rom 

gaigoT vinaa misi totemi~. cxadia, individualuri saxeldebebi 

damokidebulia imave sistemebze, razec koleqtiuri saxeldebebi. 

individualuri saxeli aris nawili koleqtiurisa. saklasifikacio 

sistemaSi sakuTar saxelebs imgvarive struqturuli funqcia aqvT, 

rogorc titulebs. imdenad, ramdenadac sakuTari saxelebi warmodgebian 

paradigmatuli erTobliobidan, isini warmoqmnian maqmans klasifikaciis 

saerTo sistemasTan~(107,33). 

aqedan gamomdinare, SesaZloa Soreuli totemuri cnobierebis 

anareklad miviCnioT vaxtang mefis saxeli, rac iranulad mglis tanians 

(vahrka-tanu) niSnavs (25,496), iseve rogorc mis muzaradze mglis 

gamosaxulebac. kavkasiaSi, iseve rogorc msoflios bevr qveyanaSi, mgeli 

miCneuli iyo moxerxebulobis, vaJkacobisa da Seupovrobis simbolod. 

amis magaliTs xSirad vxvdebiT qarTul xalxur poeziaSi _ erTi 

xevsuruli xalxuri leqsi, romelic aspinZis oms exeba, xevsurTa jars, 

xatovani saxiT, rogorc `mglebs~ ise warmogvidgens: 

27

èrekle batoniSvili taxtzeiT garmamxdarao, 

iaraRebi ausxam, babRias gadamjdarao: 

kaci xevsureT walala: `Tav damWirdeba ymisao~. 

qalaqs miua batonsa jogi legisa mglisao~ (56,40). 

me-17 saukunis xevsurTa cnobili saxalxo gmiri – martia 

misurauli erT xalxur leqsSi aseve mgelTanaa Sedarebuli: 

òms uzmen misuraulni; 

martia bebris mglisasa, 

Subsa hkravs, gaagdebinebs 

beladsa lekebisasa~( 31,19). 

`mgelTan~ zemoaRniSnuli metafora TuSur folklorSic gvxvdeba: 

àlvanSi TuSis Svilebi xmals ulesaven pirsao, 

wamovidoda bakura, jogi Tan mosdevs mglisao~(59,99). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, SeiZleba isic movigonoT, rom totemi 

rogorc sazogadoebis socialuri diferenciaciis erT-erTi saSualeba 

garkveuli elementis saxiT Tavs iCens fSav-xevsureTSi, sadac didi 

gvarebis ganayars, rig SemTxvevaSi, zoomorfuli simbolikis niSan-kvali 

atyvia. ase magaliTad, WinWaraulebis didi gvari gayrilia or mTavar 

fratriad, erTia _ mgeliaurebis gvari, xolo meore ki _ 

yurdRelaurebisa (41,11). 

totemis perioduli mokvla da SeWma, romelic droSi win uswrebda 

anTropomorfuli RvTaebisadmi pativiscemas, totemuri religiis 

mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgenda (32,463). am mosazrebas exmianeba 

iloris wm. giorgis dResaswauli. gadmocemis mixedviT, `samsxverplo 

xari Tavad wm. giorgis mihyavs eklesiis ezoSi. roca samsxverplo xars 

dahklaven misi rqebi da xorcis metiwili samegrelos mTavars ekuTvnis, 

xolo danarCen xorcs wvril-wvrilad Wrian da sofelSi inawileben. am 

xorcs gaaxmoben kvamlze da didis sasoebiT Seinaxaven avadmyofobis 

dros mosaxmarad. darwmunebulni arian, rom igi saukeTeso wamalia~(57,30). 

28

samsxverplo cxoveli warmoadgenda uZveless totemur cxovels, yvelaze 

primitiul RmerTs, romlis mokvliT da SeWmiT klanis wevrebi 

anaxlebdnen da amtkicebdnen TavianT RvTismsgavsobas (91,172). 

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom s. makalaTias mixedviT, samsxverplo xari 

ikvleboda im piris mier, romlis ojaxsac odiTganve ekuTvnoda es 

xeloba. im ojaxSive Zvelidan darCenilia najaxi, romliTac unda 

daiklas xari da romelsac inaxaven rogorc saRvTo nivTs da sxvaze 

araferze ar xmaroben. Sesabamisad, kolxur-yobanur saritualo culebze 

gamosaxuli zoomorfuli gamosaxulebebi (ZaRli, mgeli, gveli, cxeni 

iremi da sxv.) SeiZleba garkveulwilad totemuri religiis niSan-kvals 

atarebdnen, vinaidan, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, totemuri ornamentebi 

gvagrZnobineben, rom totemi ar aris mxolod saxeldeba da emblema _ 

religiuri ceremoniebis msvlelobis dros isini asrulebdnen totemis 

rols, romelic imavdroulad warmoadgenda koleqtiurobis iarliys da 

hqonda religiuri xasiaTi. marTlac, totemTan mimarTebaSi iyofian 

sagnebi sakralurad da profanulad. totemi aris TviT tipi sakraluri 

sagnisa. rogorc amas SeniSnavs i. surgulaZe, “sagangebod gaformebuli 

culi sakulto daniSnulebis iyo da mis mxatvrobas kosmogoniurmiTologiuri 

aspeqti gaaCnda” (86,184), romelic saTaves SesaZloa swored 

totemuri rwmena-warmodgenebidan iRebdes. arsebobs mecnierTa 

Sexeduleba, romlis Tanaxmadac zoomorfuli motivebi keramikul Tu 

liTonis nivTebze totemuri warmodgenebis bazaze iqmneboda. Tumca 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, i. surgulaZes miaCnia, rom zoomorfuli 

simbolika, romelmac adremiwismoqmedTa keramikaSi moikida fexi da 

iSviaTi mravalferovnebiT aisaxa brinjaos kulturebze, Camoyalibda ara 

Zveli, totemuri rwmenebis safuZvelze, aramed aRmocenda axal sameurneo 

pirobebSi, rogorc sazogadoebis mier bunebis Secnobis axali donis 

Sedegi (86,135). 

zemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan gamomdinare, mxolod fragmentuli 

saxiT SeiZleba gamovyoT rigi komponentebisa, romlebic SesaZloa dRes 

arsebuli totemuri sistemis sqemaSi movaqcioT. marTalia saqarTveloSi 

farTod iyo gavrcelebuli ritualebi, sadac Tavmoyrilia cxovelTa 

koleqtiuri mokvlis, cxovelis xorcis sayovelTao savaldebulo SeWmis, 

cxovelis gacocxlebisa da aseve sqesTa urTierTobis imitaciis 

29

epizodebi, Tumca maTi aRdgena-rekonstruireba erTiani totemuri 

cnobierebis doneze mainc ver xerxdeba. ase magaliTad, nayofierebasTan 

dakavSirebul berikaobis qarTul dResaswaulSi zoomorfuli 

elementebi aSkarad Tavs iCenen, Tumca ara im mkacrad gansazRvruli 

magiur-ritualuri saxiT, romelsac vxvdebiT avstraliis, kerZod 

aruntebis tomSi, “intiCiumas” saxeliT(32,454), romelic gulisxmobda 

ceremoniaTa cikls, mimarTuls ganayofierebisa da totemuri saxeobebis 

gamravlebisTvis. Tumca, berikaobis ciklis erTi rituali aSkara 

msgavsebas iCens ìntiCiumas~ ciklis ritualTan: saqme exeba `furTxiT~ 

ganayofierebis aqts. ase magaliTad, berikaobis svanuri ciklis mTavar 

personaJs, `saqmisais miarTmeven ZRvens, romelzedac devs yveli. igi 

aiRebs xelSi yvels da dailoceba. amis Semdeg yvels daReWavs da aqeTiqiT 

ifurTxeba. xalxi cdilobs misi furTxi moixvedros. amboben: visac 

saqmisais furTxi moxvda, kargia da visac ara – cudia misTviso~ (81,33). 

msgavsi rituali aRwerili aqvs e. diurkems avstraliis tomebSi, 

adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklSi: ìntiCiumas ritualis dros, 

maraebis tomSi (avstraliis tomebi) ceremoniis Semsrulebeli midis 

sakralur ormosTan, amoiRebs wyals, Caigubebs pirSi da ifurTxeba 

yvela mimarTulebiT. aseve kartofilis gasamravleblad, beladi iRebs 

erTs, kbeCs da nakbeCebs yvela mxares isvris. intiCiumas ritualebi 

mimarTulia totemuri saxeobebis gamravlebisTvis da nayofierebasTanaa 

dakavSirebuli~(32,456). ra Tqma unda, warmodgenili ritualuri msgavseba 

mxolod epizoduria da arc iZleva raime winapirobas imisaTvis, rom 

qarTul eTnografiul realobasTan mimarTebaSi totemizmis garSemo 

seriozuli msjeloba wamoviwyoT. 

erTaderTi, rac totemizmze SeiZleba met-naklebi albaTobiT 

iTqvas, SeniSnavs sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT r. canava, aris is, rom ìgi 

winaklasobriv sazogadoebaSi Camoyalibebuli yvelaze adreuli 

msoflaRqmaa (amitomac sqeli burusiT moculi), romelsac safuZvlad 

udevs adamianTa garkveuli jgufis mier sakuTari Tavis cocxal 

bunebasTan misadageba-markirebis idea. raki totemi cxoveli (mcenare, 

nivTi) am markirebis sistemaSi zis da is CvenTvis cnobili Tu ucnobi 

uamravi asociaciis mTavari mizezia, Sesabamisad, SegviZlia CavTvaloT, 

rom totemuri arseba aris simbolo. Cven unda SeveguoT azrs, rom e.w. 

30

`totemuri~ simbolikis bolomde axsnas ver SevZlebT~(107,35). swored es 

totemuri simboloebi qmnian winaklasobrivi sazogadoebis socialurreligiuri 

cxovrebis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs, romelTa niSnebic 

sxvadasxva saxiT Semoinaxa msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebis miToritualurma 

sistemam da magiurma rwmena-warmodgenebma. 

31

1. mglis kulti qarTul miTsa da folklorSi 

1) `yurSas~ miTiuri saxe da RvTaeba kviriasTan misi mimarTeba 

rogorc e. virsalaZe SeniSnavs ``yurSasTan~ dakavSirebuli 

miTologiuri motivi erT-erTi nimuSia qarTveluri tomebis saerTo 

uZvelesi folkloruli maragisa~(39,54). misi pirvelwyaroa qarTuli 

samonadireo eposi, Tumca aseve vlindeba nayofierebasTan dakavSirebul 

adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklSic, romelic Tavis mxriv, kvirias, 

berikas saxelebs ukavSirdeba. vfiqrobT, am ukanasknelTan kavSirze unda 

mowmobdes yurSas `RvTaebrivi niSnebic~. 

`yurSas~ motivi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi 

sxvadasxvanairad iSleba, Tumca met-naklebad saerTo siuJeturi qarga 

aqvs. arsebul TqmulebaTa Tanaxmad, yurSa orbis, yornis an zRapruli 

faskunjis Svilia, frTosani lekvi, romelic drodadro gamoiCekeba 

xolme budeSi da deda Citi mas budidan gadmoagdebs; frTosan lekvs 

monadire ipovnis da gazrdis. yurSas iRbali moaqvs nadirobaSi, magram 

erTxelac is Tavis patrons daekargeba. monadire mis kvals ipovis 

gauyveba da maRal kldeze aRmoCndeba, saidanac ukan dasabrunebel gzas 

veRar poulobs, daklavs yurSas, magram ver SeWams da bolos iRupeba. 

miTiur yurSas yur-tuCi oqrosi asxia, yurSas Tvalebi “mTvaris an 

sacris odenaa”, yurSas yefa “ruxunsa gavda cisasa”, yurSas warbebi 

gvelebia. Cvens Tvalwin naTlad ixateba miTiuri frTosani ZaRli 

mTvaris odena TvalebiTa da quxilis msgavsi yefiT. am ZaRlis 

gamoxatulebas e. virsalaZe mraval uZveles qarTul arqeologiur 

Zeglebze xedavs. aseTia, avtoris azriT, kolxur culebze daculi 

ZaRlis gamosaxuleba, aseTia brinjaosgan Tu rkinisagan gamoqandakebuli 

ZaRlis gamosaxulebani, romelic uxvad aris mopovebuli rogorc 

saqarTvelos teritoriaze, ise sxva xalxTa arqeologiur ZeglebSi 

(39,66). 

Cveni azriT, “yurSas” miTiuri saxe unda mowmobdes mgel/ZaRlis 

uZvelesi kultis arsebobaze saqarTveloSi. am kults, rogorc qvemoT 

moyvanili masala migvaniSnebs, mkveTrad gamokveTili solaruli 

aspeqtebi aqvs. amis dasturad migvaCnia qarTul saxviT xelovnebaSi, 

32

kerZod brinjaos sartyelebis da culebis dekorSi, mgel-ZaRlebis 

gverdiT, mzis gamosaxulebebi (sur.#1) 2 . mzesTan da cecxlis stiqiasTan 

mgel/ZaRlis kavSiris gamomxatvelia saqarTveloSi ZaRlis 

gavrcelebuli saxelebi: almasa, brolia, muria da sxv. aqve gavixsenoT 

nadiris piris Sesakravi qarTuli xalxuri Selocvis teqsti, sadac 

mocemulia mglis “mziuri” xasiaTi: “mgeli mova mgelosani, Tvali moaqvs 

cecxlosani, kbili moaqvs oqrosani”(100,242). 

rogorc cnobilia, mgeli gamoirCeva araCveulebrivi 

mxedvelobis unariT, didi fizikuri ZaliT, moxerxebiT da amtanobiT. 

svaneTSi gavrcelebuli rwmena-warmodgenebiT “mgels SeuZlia 12 mTis 

gadaRmiT momxdari ganWvritos da gaigos, anu es is manZilia, romlis 

garbenac mgels erT RameSi SeuZlia”(12,44). saqarTveloSi da zogadad 

kavkasiaSi ikveTeba mgel/ZaRlis kavSiri lomTan, romelic aseve mzis 

zoomorfuli simboloa. amaze miuTiTebs Tundac mgel-lomis 

gamosaxuleba vaxtang gorgaslis muzaradze. CeCnebisTvis lomi igive 

mgelia, oRond fafriani(38,112). aqve aRvniSnavT, rom mglisa da lomis 

amgvari kavSiri SeiniSneba sxvadasxva kulturebSi. ase magaliTad, 

etruskuli rwmena-warmodgenebis Tanaxmad, zodiaqos centraluri figura 

_ lomi, mgliT an qimeriT Cainacvleba xolme(90,29). SesaZloa svanebSi 

dafiqsirebuli mglis erT RameSi 12 mTis Semorbenis unari da misi 

araCveulebrivi mxedveloba aseve ukavSirdebodes ekliptikas, mzis 

wliur zodiaqalur cikls, rac kidev erTxel usvams xazs mglis kavSirs 

mzesTan. SemTxveviTi arc is unda iyos, rom herakle gmirobaTa 12 

safexurian cikls asrulebs swored hadesis mgel-ZaRlis, kerberosis 

amoyvaniT (18,98). mgel/ZaRlisa da lomis kavSirze miuTiTebs aseve 

“siriusi, igive “qofakis varskvlavi”, romelic caze im dros Cndeba, 

roca mze Sedis lomis zodiaqoSi (23 ivliss), roca gansakuTrebuli 

sicxe iwyeba. amis gamo mgosnebi lomsa da ZaRls xSirad 

aigivebdnen”(75,245). 

rogorc amas v. bardaveliZe SeniSnavs, “yovel astralur 

RvTaebas qarTul panTeonSi Tavisi damxmare hyavda zoomorfuli da 

anTropomorfuli sulebis saxiT”(12,23). eTnografiuli masalis mixedviT 

2 ix. Я. В. Доманский, Древняя художественная бронза кавказа (в собрании Гос. Эрмитажа) Москва, 

«искусство», 1984, sur. 3, gv. 13. 

33

mgel-ZaRlebi dakavSirebulni arian aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi 

dadasturebul rwmena-warmodgenebTan. pirveli, rac gvafiqrebinebs 

mgel/ZaRlis kavSirs mzesTan, es gaxlavT kviria, romlis 

“daqvemdebarebaSi arian iasaulni, anu mglebis laSqari, romlis 

movaleobas Seadgens miwaze RvTis nebis aRsruleba”(12,48). iv. 

javaxiSvili SeniSnavs, rom “kviria morige RmerTis Semdeg uZlieress 

RvTaebad iyo miCneuli. samarTlis warmoeba kvirias uflebas Seadgenda. 

mas morige RmerTis karze Tavisufali moqmedebis uflebac hqonda, anu 

RvTis karze moaruli iyo”(117,202). avtori aseve aRniSnavs kvirias kavSirs 

mzesTan: “Satilis RvTismSoblis xatis xucisaSi naTqvamia: “dideba 

RmerTsa, madli RmerTsa... mzesa, mzismyol angelozTa, dids kviriasa, 

RvTis maRlis makarvesa!” am savedrebelisgan gamomdinareobs, rom kviria 

marto “morigesTan” ki ar iyo dakavSirebuli, aramed mzesTanac”(117,203). 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi da kerZod, mTiulur rwmenawarmodgenebSi 

kviriasTan karavi da cecxlia dakavSirebuli (amaze ufro 

qvemoT). misi “dasjis erT-erTi meTodi swored saxl-karis gadawva 

iyo”(12,14). aseve mxedvelobaSia misaRebi sakiTxis etimologiuri mxarec, 

razec yuradRebas amaxvilebs v. bardaveliZe: saxel kvirias 

etimologiuri siaxlove saweso purTan kverTan, romelic keriis nacarSi 

cxveboda, kvarTan (sinaTlis wyaro) da Tavad sityvasTan kera, keria 3 . 

amasTanave mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom kveri SeiZleba yofiliyo 

Teoforuli saxeli purisa, romelic odesRac kvirias eZRvneboda. is 

garemoeba, rom kviria damsjel saSualebad cecxls iyenebda SeiZleba 

miuTiTebdes kavSirze am RvTaebasa da cecxlis kults Soris; oRond aq, 

avtoris SexedulebiT, unda igulisxmebodes miwieri, keriis cecxli, 

razec miuTiTebs kvirias epiTeti: “xmelTmouravi”(12,13-14). v. bardaveliZis 

am mosazrebas emxroba i. kikviZe. avtors miaCnia, rom kvirias simbolo 

cecxli da keria unda yofiliyo. amas unda mowmobdes mtkvar-araqsis 

adrebrinjaos xanis namosaxlarebi, sadac sxvadasxva fenis Senobebis 

iatakebi erTmaneTzea gadalesili. rogorc i. kikviZe fiqrobs, axali 

saxlis Senebis dawyebamde Zveli sagangebod iwmindeboda; gamonaklisi 

mxolod damwvari nagebobebia. naxanZrali Senobebis gawmendas ratomRac 

3 Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT y da k bgerebis urTierTCanacvlebas qarTul enaSi, keriis 

sinonimad naxmari – yverfi kidev ufro met fonetikur siaxloves amJRavnebs kverTan 

da Sesabamisad kviriasTanac. 

34

eridebodnen. cecxlisadmi amgvar mowiwebas mkvlevari im faqtiT xsnis, 

rom qarTvelTa religiuri warmodgenebiT, Secodeba kvirias winaSe 

xanZriT isjeboda. Sesabamisad, avtori varaudobs, rom qvacxelebis, 

xizanaanT gorisa da gudabertyis namosaxlarebi SeiZleba gadamwvari 

yofiliyo nayofierebis RvTaebis _ kvirias dResaswaulis dros, radgan 

adreuli brinjaos namosaxlarebze nayofierebis kultsa da aqts 

gansakuTrebiT aqvs xazi gasmuli. Tuki kviria igive keraa, SeniSnavs 

avtori, romelSiac centraluri adgili cecxls ukavia, rogorc 

nayofierebis aqtis Sedegs, maSin es dResaswauli cecxlis dReobad unda 

warmovidginoT; qarTul realiaSi araerTi aseTi dReobaa 

dadasturebuli: Wiakokonoba, kudianwuxra, liqureSi, mariamwmindoba da 

sxv. am mxriv, ganagrZobs avtori, metad sainteresoa gadasatani kerebi, 

romlebsac igive daniSnuleba SeiZleba hqonodaT, rogorc qarTvel 

mTielTa religiur warmodgenebSi xatis droSebs; samlocvelos an 

saxlis gareT yovelgvar sakulto ritualSi, igi stacionarul keras 

cvlis, e.i. kvirias gadasatani xatia(44,195,206). 

kviriasTan erTad mzisa da cecxlis kultTan dakavSirebulia 

kviristavic, romelic moyolebuli eneoliTis periodidan erT-erT 

upirveles sakulto-religiuri daniSnulebis mqone sagnad iTvleba 

saqarTvelos teritoriaze. rogorc amas i. kikviZe SeniSnavs, 

“kviristavebis umravlesobaze vxvdebiT mzis stilizebul gamosaxulebas: 

sxiviseburad ganlagebul wertilovan, wiwvovan, xazovan da 

frCxilisebur Wdeebs, romlebic dinamiuradaa gadmocemuli, rac 

SesaZloa imis mauwyebeli iyos, rom saqme gvaqvs sicocxlis, mzis 

kultTan”(44,155). 

rac Seexeba “yurSas” sakiTxs, e. virsalaZis mixedviT, Cvenamde 

moRweuli “yurSaos” simRera warmoadgens sagalobels, himns, qebas, 

mimarTuls zebunebrivi arsebisadmi, romelzedac Zveli rwmenawarmodgenebis 

mixedviT, damokidebuli iyo monadiris iRblianoba. 

amasTanave, avtori fiqrobs, rom ZaRlis gamosaxulebas culebze 

SeiZleba samonadireo datvirTva hqonoda(39,66), Tumca arc nayofierebis 

funqciaa gamosaricxi, razedac qvemoT gveqneba saubari. qarTvelebs 

yurSa Sav ZaRlad warmoudgeniaT. rogorc n. abakelia SeniSnavs: “yurSa – 

yurSavis Semoklebuli formaa. misi Savi feri meteorologiur 

35

simbolizmTanaa dakavSirebuli. igi samgloviaro funqciasac inarCunebs. 

mniSvnelovania, rom yurSa erTsa da imave dros “oqros morTulobiT” 

dakavSirebulia zeciur ZalebTan, xolo Savi bewvis SeferilobiT RvTis 

mglebTan. yurSas saxeSi dafarulia misi sabediswero xasiaTi. patroni 

da ZaRli Tvals TvalSi uyrian gadamwyvet wuTebSi pirvelad 

gaelvebisas, roca patroni Tavisi Tanxmlebis arss Caswvdeba; meored 

roca yurSa dakvirvebiT Sescqeris TvalebSi mas, visac ramdenime wuTSi 

ufskrulSi gadasCexavs”(2,63,67,80). yurSas “RvTaebrivobas” xazs usvams 

erTi mxriv, misi ciuri warmomavloba (orbis, qoris, arwivis naSobi), 

meore mxriv ki, misi Weqa-quxilis xma. rogorc cnobilia, Weqa-quxili 

iTvleba RvTis nebis gamovlinebad. sakralurad swored namexari xe iyo 

miCneuli. saqarTveloSi da zogadad kavkasiaSi, mexiT mkvdars RmerTis 

rCeulad Tvlidnen. Zvelad aseTi sikvdili bednierebad miaCndaT. ase 

magaliTad: “afxazebi mexiT mkvdars “RvTis sagalobels” ugalobdnen, 

zesadgarebze daasvenebdnen da marxavdnen; amasTanave marTavdnen cekvasimReras, 

tirili akrZaluli iyo” 4 (85,271). yurSa rogorc bedismwerali 

da damsjeli funqcionalurad uaxlovdeba kvirias mgel_ZaRlebs, 

romelic, rogorc aRiniSna, swored cecxlis stiqiiT sjian. Zvel 

msoflioSi “mze yvelgan samarTlianobis damdgenelad iTvleboda”(76,317). 

aRvniSnavT imasac, rom kvirias, rogorc samarTlis gamtareblis “mziuri, 

cecxlovani aspeqti” analogs poulobs xeTur samyarosTan, sadac mzis 

RvTaeba, upirveles yovlisa, samarTlis gamgeblad gvevlineba: “cis, mzis 

RvTaebav, zRvidan amodixar, da cad amaRldebi; kacis, ZaRlisa (da) 

Roris, gareuli cxovelebis samarTals yoveldRiurad Sen, mzis RvTaeba, 

qmni”(87,97). amrigad, yurSas Weqa-quxilis xma da oqros yur-tuCi, 

upirveles yovlisa, unda miuTiTebdes mis kavSirs mzesTan. 

n. mari mzis semantikis Semcvel kur-cxals zmna - yurebas 

ukavSirebs: `Что же касается первой части слова kur-tsqal, то kur - 'глаз' совершенно не 

ладит с груз. tual ‘глаз’, но находит свое оправдание в основе kur глагола из живой 

грузинской народной речи – kur-eb-a ‘смотреть’~(64,331). amrigad, ufro 

TvalnaTeli xdeba yurSas kavSiri TvalTan da yurebasTan. aRniSnul 

mosazrebas aZlierebs isic, rom monadiris daRupvamde swored Sexedva, 

4 aRsaniSnavia, rom “mzisa da cecxlis Zvelinduri RvTaeba agni dabadebulia rogorc elva 

wvimaSi, “xma wylisa”, agni aris Svili mzisa; igia mze”(76,36). 

36

yureba, “Tvalis TvalSi gayra” iqceva gadamwyvet, fatalur aqtad, 

sacrisodena Tvalebi ki erTis mxriv xazs usvams yurSas “farTo xedvas”, 

xolo meores mxriv ki, mis unars garkveuli zemoqmedeba iqonios amindis 

cvalebadobaze, radgan “sacris tola” Tvali, i. surgulaZis miniSnebiT, 

“saavdrod gamzadebul saxeze, amindis RvTaebis mrisxanebis, gaavdrebis 

suraTis metaforuli gadmocemaa”(85,251). gavixsenoT e. virsalaZis 

miniSneba, rom raWuli versiiT, “yurSasadmi” miZRvnil saritualo 

ferxulis Sesrulebas amindis cvalebadoba mohyveboda xolme. Tanac 

avtors `yurSa~ nadirTpatronis zoomorful simbolod miaCnia, romelic 

aseve iTavsebda amindis patronis funqciebsac: `ZaRli mtkiced iyo 

dakavSirebuli nadirTpatronis, gvian ki monadireobis RvTaebis saxesTan. 

igi xSirad mis dublikats, mis saxecvlilebas warmoadgenda. nadirT 

patroni ZaRlis saxiT eCveneboda monadireebs. gvian ZaRli nadirT 

patronisa da monadireTa RvTaebis erT-erT atributad iqca. Cveni yurSas 

saocari wamoSoba, misi uSualo kavSiri nadirTpatron mesefeebTan, misi 

nadiorbis unari da iRblianoba nadirobaSi, misi cis quxilis magvari 

yefa, mTvaris odena Tvalebi da gveliviT daklaknili warbebi ar yofila 

SemTxveviTi saxeebi qarTul folklorSi. yurSa nadirT patronis, ufro 

gvian ki monadireobis RvTaebis atributi an misi erT-erTi 

saxecvlilebaa. sagulisxmoa, rom raWaSi daculi warmodgeniT, `yurSaos~ 

simReras ferxulSi Sesrulebas amindis Secvla mohyveboda xolme. 

rogorc Cans, adreul periodSi nadirT patroni iTavsebda amindis 

patronis funqciebsac~(39,72). 

RvTaeba kvirias daqvemdebarebaSi mgel-ZaRlebis laSqaria _ 

yurSasTan misi kavSiri miTo-religiuri TvalsazrisiT gamarTlebuli 

unda iyos; Tanac sruliad bunebrivia, rom mzesTan dakavSirebuli, 

samarTlis gamgebeli uzenaesi RvTaebis funqcia swored samwysoze 

dakvirveba, Tval-Tvali yofiliyo. RvTaeba kvirias `TvalTan~ kavSiri 

rom unda hqonoda, amis dasturia isic, rom mTiulTa rwmena-warmodgeniT, 

Tvalis Cini erTmeoda mas, vinc kvirias dReobaze (xalarjoba) uqmes ar 

Seinaxavda(12,13). 

yurSas oqros yur-tuCi da Weqa-quxilis xma “RvTis sityvad”, 

“RvTaebrivi energiis gamtarad” SeiZleba moviazroT. pirisa da zogadad 

metyvelebis kavSirs mzesTan da cecxlTan SeiZleba mivakvlioT qarTuli 

37

miTologiiuri personaJebis, pirimzisa da pircecxlis saxelebSi. 

cecxlisa da metyvelebis kavSirze miuTiTebs qarTul enaSi alis 

mniSvnelobiT naxmari: cecxlis ena da gamoTqma enamziani, romelsac 

mWermetyvelis, lamazi eniT mosaubres datvirTva aqvs. igive mniSvneloba 

aqvs konstantinopolis mTavarepiskoposis, cnobili RvTismetyvelis, 

ioanes zedwodebasac – oqropiri, Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT oqros mziur 

semantikas. RmerTis “oqropiroba” mocemulia qarTul xalxur poeziaSic, 

roca RvTis karze misuli pirquSi RmerTs misi ymis Sewyalebas sTxovs: 

“bagen dauZrna ufalma, xedavs oqrosa pirsao...”(98,121). analogiuri 

Sexedulebebi dasturdeba indur miTologiaSi, magaliTad: 

““upaniSadebSi” aRwerilia pirvelarsis puruSas Seqmna... piri gamTbarisa 

gaiRo rogorc kvercxi; piridan gamovida sityva, sityvidan – 

cecxli...”(86,129). 

interesmoklebuli ar unda iyos Weqa-quxilis gaCenis 

alternatiuli varianti, “romelic fSaur poetur tradicias emyareba, 

romlis mixedviT Weqa-quxilis gaCena RmerTs ki ar ukavSirdeba, aramed 

erT-erT RvTiSvils, rostoms. igi devebTan mebrZoli gmiria. gaugebrobis 

gamo, mas sakuTari Svili Semoakvdeba; gamwarebuli rostomi ise 

Sehkivlebs, rom Weqa-quxils gaaCens”(114,117). fSauri poeziis am 

fragmentSi niSandoblivia is, rom aqac ikveTeba xmisa da Weqa-quxilis 

urTierTmimarTeba. 

“Weqa-quxilis xma” Tuki RvTaebrivi nebis gamoxatulebaa maSin 

advilad ixsneba kavkasiur-narTul eposSi yurSas naTelxilvis, 

gulTmisnobis unari (7,167). bagisa da cecxlis mimarTeba bibliaSic 

dasturdeba. swored cecxlis stiqiiT xdeba esaia winaswametyvelis 

“bageTa ganwmenda” da misTvis winaswarmetyvelebis unaris miniWeba: 

“mofrinda CemTan erT-erTi serafimi da xelSi samsxverplodan aRebuli 

muguzali eWira maSiT. bageze Semaxo da miTxra: aha, Seexo es Sens bages 

da mogcilda ukeTureba, mitevebulia Seni codva”(Zveli aRTqma, esaia 

winaswarmetyveli, Tavi VI, T. 5-7). suliwmindis madli mociqulebze 

cecxlovani eniT gadmodis aRdgomidan ormocdameaTe dRes: “da 

moevlinaT maT gayofili enebi, rogorc cecxlovanni da TiTo-TiTod 

daedgnen yovel maTganze. da yvelani aRivsnen suliwmindiT da iwyes 

laparaki sxva enebze, rogorc suli aZlevda maT ametyvelebas”(axali 

38

aRTqma, saqme 2, Tavi 2). qarTvelTa mefe farnavazis sizmaric sruliad 

bunebrivad Tavsdeba amave konteqstSi Tuki gaviTvalswinebT mis did 

misias qarTuli enis ganvrcobisa da ganmtkicebis saqmeSi: `maSin ixila 

farnavaz sizmari, reca iyo igi saxlsa Sina ukacursa da egulveboda 

gansvla da ver ganvida. maSin Semovida sarkumelsa missa Suqi mzisa da 

moertya welTa misTa da ganizida da ganiyvana sarkumelsa mas da viTar 

ganvida velad, ixila mze qvue-mdablad, mihyo xeli misi mohxoca cuari 

mzisasa da icxo pirsa missa~(93,21). 

axla gavixsenoT, rom Weqa-quxili cecxlTan erTad wvimas, 

wyals ukavSirdeba 5 . rogorc Cans, mgel/ZaRlis simbolos saqarTveloSi 

mzesTan erTad mWidro kavSiri unda hqonoda wylis stiqiasTan. amis 

naTeli dadasturebaa mesefeebTan erTad zRvidan amosuli ZaRlebi, 

romlebsac meteorologiuri funqcia eniWebodaT(46,127) da asevev gveris, 

anu gvelebisfexebiani mgel-drakonis arseboba kolxur culebze(37,29). 

mgel/ZaRlebis gamosaxulebebi gvxvdeba farflis formis fexebiTac 

(sur.#2), rac àseve qvesknelur wyalTan kavSirze miuTiTebs~(114,132). 

mgelisa da gveris fonetikuri msgavseba gvelTan damajerebels xdis im 

varauds, rom mglis totemis ufro arqauli saxe, rogorc amas n. mari 

SeniSnavs, gveli an ciuri gveleSapi unda yofiliyo(62,32), romelic 

kosmiur okeanes, zesknelisa da qvesknelis wylebs, pirvelad qaoss 

warmoadgenda: “qaoss ufro xSirad drakoni 6 ganasaxierebda. gveli, 

romelic qvesknels ekuTvnoda, mziuradac miiCneoda. qarTvelTa rwmeniT, 

mze gvelze Semjdari, zesknelisa da qvesknelis wyalTa Soris Tavisi 

moZraobis aucilebel cikls asrulebda. Rame qvesknelSi mzis CaZirvis 

Sedegi iyo, sadac mas am wylebis gamgebeli drakoni STanTqavda, magram 

mze Tavs daaRwevda da yovel diliT zecaze amobrwyindeboda” 7 (114,131). 

igive motivebi Cans TrialeTis kulturaSi. kerZod, aseTi mtkicebis 

safuZvels gvaZlevs “XVII yorRanSi mopovebuli WurWeli, romlis mxarze, 

5 n. maris mosazrebiT, cecxlis aRsaniSnavad qarTuli ena iyenebs imave sibiliantur 

nairsaxeobas _ cxal, romelic wyals niSnavs, Tumca umatebs ce-s (igive ze-s) “zeda”-s 

mniSvnelobiT(63,26). 

6 wylis stiqiasTan drakonis kavSirze miuTiTebs Zveli Cinuri tradicia, romlis 

mixedviT, gvalvis dros “wvimis RvTaebas”, uzarmazar drakons gamoWridnen 

qaRaldisgan da sofel-sofel daatarebdnen(79,89). 

7 niSandoblivia, rom germanul miTologiaSi mzes, gveleSapis nacvlad mgeli ylapavs, 

rac kidev erTxel usvams xazs, mglis totemis gvelidan, gveleSapidan 

momdinareobas(29,25). gveleSapis rogorc “mcvelis”, “darajis” funqciebi savaraudoa 

mgelma Cainacvla, razedac mowmobs Tunda hadesis mgel-ZaRlis “kerberosis” saxe, 

romelsac tani gvelebiT aqvs dafaruli. 

39

Sua welamde, gamosaxulia wylis klaknili zoli. xveulebSi zis 

diskoebi, mzis gamosaxulebebiT. aseTi klaknili, gaRma-gamoRma dasmuli 

astraluri niSnebiT TrialeTSi jer kidev adrebrinjaos xanaSia 

damowmebuli. TrialeTelTa mxatvrobaSi ikveTeba warmodgena kosmosuri 

wylebiT garemocul samyaroze, romelsac gars uvlis mze”(85,197). am 

TvalsazrisiT, yuradRebas imsaxurebs, erT-erTi kolxuri tipis culi, 

romlis tarze mocemul talRovan klaknilis, rac wylis stiqiaze 

migvaniSnebs, amSvenebs ara mzis, aramed ZaRlismagvari Tavebis 

gamosaxulebebi. naxati qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom ZaRlebma esesaa 

“wylidan amoyvinTes” (sur.#3). Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT, mgel/ZaRlis 

solarul aspeqts, SeiZleba davuSvaT varaudi, rom am SemTxvevaSi, mzis 

gamosaxulebas ukve misi zoomorfuli simbolo Caenacvla. 

amrigad, gvelebisfexebiani mgel/ZaRli ori stiqiis kavSirze 

miuTiTebs: wylisa da cecxlis da pirdapir siaxloves avlens kosmiuri 

wylebidan “mzis dabadebis” miTologemasTan. Sesabamisad, safuZveli 

gvaqvs vifiqroT, rom wyalSi “gaCenili” Weqa-quxili ideurad ukavSirdeba 

“Sesaqmis” aqts, anu RvTis sityvis gamovlinebiT kosmiur, qaosur wylebSi 

samyaros dabadebas: “suli RvTisa iZvroda wylebs zemoT. Tqva RmerTma: 

iyos naTeli! da iqmna naTeli”(biblia, dabadeba, Tavi I). swored aqedan 

unda iRebdes saTaves Weqa-quxilis sakraluri xasiaTi, romelic “yurSas” 

miTiur saxeSia Semonaxuli. amgvarad, kolxur saweso-saritualo 

culebze gamosaxul gvelebisfexebian mgelSi, romelic ori stiqiis: 

wylisa da cecxlis 8 kavSirze miuTiTebs, SesaZloa davinaxoT 

nayofierebis umaRlesi gamovlineba samyaros “Sesaqmis” TvalsazrisiT da 

amasTanave ganvWvritoT sikvdilisa da kvlav dabadebis idea, romelic 

ukavSirdeba qveskneluri wylebidan mzis dabadebis yoveldRiur cikls. 

es cikli ki alegoriulad dakavSirebulia kvdomad da aRdgenad, 

gamanayofierebeli Zalebis mqone uZveless RvTaebebTan da maTTan 

dakavSirebul sagazafxulo dResaswaulebTan, romlebic saqarTveloSi 

kvirias, berikas saxelebs ukavSirdebian (85,107). amitomac, “yurSaos” 

saweso ferxuli, romelic daRupuli monadiris datirebis teqsts 

8 wyalsa da cecxls odiTganve pirveladi sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda; amazed 

miuTiTebs sibrZne ziraqisa: “adamianisTvis sicocxlis saxsarTagan mTavaria: wyali da 

cecxli...”, ix. Zveli aRTqma, sibrZne ziraqisa, T. 39-40, 26; amasTanave, aRvniSnavT, rom 

Zvel romis kanonmdeblobiT, vinmesTvis wyliTa da cecxliT sargeblobis akrZalva: 

“aqua et igni interdictum” niSnavda misTvis cxovrebis SesaZleblobis mospobas, rac 

umkacress sasjels gulisxmobda _ romis teritoriidan gaZevebas. 

40

moicavs, emTxveoda gazafxulis dadgomas. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT e. 

virsalaZe SeniSnavs: `nadirT patronis SurisZiebiT daRupuli monadiris 

saxeli saqarTveloSi garkveuli kultis sagani iyo. svaneTSi igi 

gazafxulis dResaswauls ukavSirdeboda. swored es dRea aRwerili 

beTqilis ferxulSi da TviT es ferxulic am dRes sruldeboda. 

mTaraWuli Tqmulebis Tanaxmad im uzarmazari qvis - `qvacixis~ 

maxloblad, romelic gadmocemiT `gadmoyva~ kldidan `gdmofrenil~ 

monadires _ aSenebulia eklesia, sadac inaxeba daRupuli monadiris 

mSvild-isari, sagulisxmoa, rom qvacixesa da ivane qvacixiselis 

saxelTan dakavSirebuli dReoba aRdgomis mesame orSabaTs sruldeboda. 

am dRes asrulebdnen aq ferxuls, sadac imRereboda yurSas leqsidatireba 

(39,123). avtori iqve askvnis, rom `rogorc raWuli ise svanuri 

masalebi xazs usvamen erT garemoebas: daRupuli monadiris sxeuli 

`nawil-nawil~ dafleTili mTels kldes moedo `Zvali calke da xorci 

calke~, dabla mdgari deda da axloblebi mis Zvlebs `krefen~. es 

daJinebiT gameorebuli motivi ar aris SemTxveviTi. movigonoT kldidan 

gadmogdebuli attisis dafleTili sxeuli, romelsac qveviT deda 

elodeboda, rom Semdeg RvTaebrivi Wabukis gardacvalebiT gamowveuli 

cremlebi sixaruliT Secvliliyo. misi sxeuli ganayofierebis simbolo 

iyo, romlis Sedegad RvTaeba mkvdreTiT aRdgeboda da masTan mTeli 

bunebac. es sagazafxulo dResaswaulis msxverpli iyo~(39,124). 

daRupuli monadiris saxe ki, `romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi 

nayofierebis qal-RvTaebasTanaa dawyvilebuli, mzis nayofierebis 

mamrobiT Zalebs ganasaxierebda. nadirobis scenebi, sadac lomebi (da 

vfiqrobT, zogadad solaruli niSniT gamorCeuli cxovelebi, maT Soris, 

mgel/ZaRlebi 9 - m.m.) an monadireni dasdeven irmebs, unda ganvixiloT 

rogorc bunebis kvdoma-aRorZinebis simboluri asaxva. maTi 

dapirispirebiT gamosaxulia deduri da mamuri pirvelsawyisebis 

kosmogoniuri principebi~(85,35). qarTul saqorwilo rituals amis 

zogierTi niSani SerCa: `xSiria nefis – monadiris saxiT, xolo 

dedoflis – monadirebulis, nanadirevis saxiT warmodgena~(85,115). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, e. virsalaZe SeniSnavs: `nadirobis qalRmerTi 

9 kolxur-yobanur balTebze gamosaxuli ZaRlebi ZiriTadad gamosaxulni arian 

“nadiris devnis” procesSi, winswrafvis xazgasmiT, farTo dakiduli yurebiT, ukan 

aprexili kudebiT da daRebuli xaxiT (68,297). 

41

mcire aziasa da saberZneTSi iseve, rogorc zogierT sxva qveynebSi, 

qorwinebis mfarvel RvTaebadac iTvleboda. qarTul saqorwilo rituals 

amis zogierTi niSani SerCa. pirveli, rac ipyrobs Cvens yuradRebas 

qarTul saqorwilo poeziaSi, aris nefisa – monadiris saxiT, xolo 

dedoflisa – monadirebulis, nanadirevis saxiT warmodgena: 

saqarTveloSi metad gavrcelebuli erT-erTi mayruli teqsti qorwinebis 

aseT gaSlil metaforas warmogvidgens: 

Cvens nefes unadirnia 

arsianisa mTazedao, 

mouklavs xari, iremi, 

gadukidia mxarzedao~(39,148). 

kolxur culebze gamosaxul mgel/ZaRlebSi ikveTeba erTi mxriv, 

“samarTlis gamtareblebis” funqcia, xolo meore mxriv, maTi 

gamanayofierebeli, mamrul-falikuri funqcia. vfiqrobT, es ori aspeqti: 

samarTlianoba da mziuroba, dRevandel eTnografiul yofaSi miikvleva 

saqarTvelos mTianeTSi gavrcelebuli kvirias saxeSic. 

kvirias epiTetebia – “karaviani”, “RvTis karze mokarve”, “RvTis 

mokarve”. gasaTvaliswinebelia adgilobrivi rwena-warmodgenebi kvirias 

“karavTan” dakavSirebiT, razedac yuradRebas amaxvilebs a. lekiaSvili: 

“xevsuri mTxroblis giorgi (ZaRlika) liqokelis sityviT: “kviraes 

karavi caSia gadafenili”, mas “yovel SabaTs xmelze gadmodgams da 

kviras naSuadRevs ukan aiRebs”. amave mTxrobelma xevsuruli sadideblis 

Semdegi sityvebic gaixsena: “dido kviraev, Zaliano, xmelze karavis 

garmamdgmelo””(54,170). 

kvirias `karavs~ SesaZloa RvTaebrivi `karis~ funqcia hqondes, 

romelic Tavis mxriv, miTo-religiur siaxloves iCens `kerasTan~, 

romelsac swored “karis” funqcia hqonda qarTvelTa sacxovrisSi, 

vinaidan warmoadgenda RvTiur samyaroSi “gasasvlels”, romlis garSemoc 

mTeli rigi saweso ritualebi sruldeboda. axla Tuki movigonebT, i. 

kikviZis mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom kvirias saxe uwinaresad 

dakavSirebulia kerasTan da cecxlTan, ar aris gamoricxuli misi 

`karvianobac~ cecxls, mzes davukavSiroT. 

42

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli arqeologiuri 

masala icnobs itifalur RvTaebebs, romlebsac erTi an wyvili rqa 

amSvenebT, rac udaod maT RvTaebrivobas usvams xazs. j. ruxaZe am 

RvTaebebs ukavSirebs berikaobis sagazafxulo dResaswaulebs (81,144). 

rqisa da RvTaebis urTierTkavSirze miuTiTebs aseve lomisis wm. giorgi, 

romelic xalxuri TqmulebiT, “TeTri xaris, “lomas” rqaze mjdara da 

saqarTveloSi iranidan ise Semosula”(57,32). vfiqrobT, xaris, rogorc 

wminda cxovelis rqebs, “RvTiuri karis” funqciac hqondaT, razedac 

miuTiTebs TaRis, igive salocavis mniSvnelobiT naxmari qarTuli sityva 

niSi/niSa, romelic imavdroulad “niSa-xaris” epiTetic aris, romelic 

iseve “rogorc loma, nikora da sxv. sakulto saxelebs advilad 

SegviZlia mivuaxlovoT”(5,149). xaris kultis gamoZaxilia axalgazrda 

daukodavi xaris, kuratis samsxverplo mniSvneloba saqarTveloSi da 

bavSvis “kuretad dayenebis” wesi, romelic “atarebs inicialuri 

simbolikis niSnebs da Tavisi arsiT exmianeba berZnul iniciaciagavlil 

axalgazrda SeiaraRebul ymawvilebs – kouretes – orgiastul 

mocekvaveebs”(2,29). Tuki kur marcvlis “mziur” konteqstSi gaazrebas 

movigonebT, advili SesaZlebelia samsxverplo kuretSi da “kuretad 

dayenebis” wesSi kosmiur wylebSi “mzis dabadebis” miTologema 

davinaxoT, vinaidan iniciaciagavlili ymawvili kureti igive “xar-Wabukia, 

romlis mTavari funqcia samyaros yovelwliuri ganaxleba iyo” (2,29). 

amave suliskveTebis gamomxatvelia xaris rqebze sanTlis danTebis 

tradiciac da svanuri xalxuri poezia, sadac sakulto xaris rqebi 

mzesTanaa dakavSirebuli: “mze SemoaqvT rqebiT xarebs, mze Senia, 

barbol-dolaS” (5,148). naTqvamTan dakavSirebiT, gavixsenoT ciuri sxiviT 

ganayofierebuli egviptelTa wminda xari – apisi, romlis rqebs Soris 

xSir SemTxvevaSi mzis diskoa gamosaxuli. sainteresoa, rom yazbegis 

ganZis sakulto Standartebi moicavs “itifalur RvTaebebs, romlebic 

xaris rqebs Soris myarad dganan”(sur#.4) (116,68). safuZveli gvaqvs 

vivaraudoT, rom rqebs Soris sivrce, romelic sruliad bunebrivad qmnis 

karisa Tu TaRis imitacias, solarul-gamanayofierebeli niSnebis mqone 

“RvTaebaTa sadgomad” miiCneoda. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, momyavs 

fragmenti S. amiranaSvilis naSromidan: à. talgrenis azriT, kavkasiis 

xalxTa xelovnebaSi, agrerig gavrcelebuli adamianis figuris cxovelis 

43

qebze moTavseba, Semotanilia mcire aziidan, radgan igi gvxvdeba siriis 

gliptikur Zeglebze. magram mcire aziis xalxTa, gansakuTrebiT xeTebisa 

da mitanelebis mcire plastika, jerjerobiT sakmaod ar aris 

Seswavlili da talgrenis mosazreba jerjerobiT sadavod rCeba. am 

azris winaaRmdeg, umetesoba niSnebisa, romelnic ganasxvaveben brinjaos 

figurebs rogorc stilis, ise Sinaarsis mxriv, SeiZleba aixsnas mxolod 

qarTuli masalebiT. upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom xeTuri 

brinjaos mcire plastikis arc erT nawarmoebs ar axasiaTebs iTifaloba. 

es imiT aixsneba, rom saqarTvelos teritoriaze mopovebuli brinjaos 

mcire skulptura mTlianad dakavSirebulia nayofierebis mamrobiTi 

sqesis RvTaebis kultTan. am kultis gadmonaSTs vxedavT xalxur 

sanaxaobriv warmodgenebSi, gansakuTrebiT berikaobasa da yeenobaSi, 

romlebic saqarTveloSi imarTeboda gazafxulis pirze, Cveulebriv 

yvelierSi~(8,59). aqve, ar unda daviviwyoT arc nadirobis misteria wm. 

estatesi, romelsac manaTobeli jvari da jvarcmuli qristes 

gamosaxuleba swored irmis rqebs Soris gamoecxada. aqve unda 

gavixsenoT `Cvens miTologiaSi dadasturebuli epiTetebi gareuli 

jogebis beladisa `rqa naTliani~ an `rqamnaTi jonqai~ (vaJa); agreTve 

xalxuri leqsi: 

RvTisagan kurTxeuli xar, gadgeba sveti Tvazeda, 

Seni Wirime nikorav, Wirime Seni Zalisa, 

Send maucemav ufalsa Zal-Rone amiranisa~(45,191). 

rogorc z. kiknaZe SeniSnavs, àseTi sveti adgas Tavze RvTaebasTan 

gaTanabrebul, SumerTa mefes, xalxis mwyemss naramsins, romelic 

`gareul xarTanaa~ gaigivebuli; satriumfo bareliefze is marTlac 

Zlevamosili xariviT miuZRveba win Tavis laSqars~(45,191). niSandoblivia 

isic, rom fSavuri andreziT xaris rqebs Soris `cecxlis gaCena~ im 

adgilze salocavis daarsebis aucileblobaze miuTiTebda: `ReleSi, 

sadac winwin xoSarlebi cxovrobdnen, jer salocavi ar yofila. erTxel, 

roca purs lewdnen, xarebs rqebze cecxli uCndeboda. bolos, mkiTxavma 

uTxra: àq Tamar mefis salocavi daarsda da unda aiyarneT, rqebze 

cecxli amis mizezi ariso~~(47,232). damowmebuli masalac meti 

44

damajereblobiT gvafiqrebinebs, rom rqebs Soris sivrce RvTaebrivmanaTobeli 

karis gagebiT SeiZleba aRviqvaT. dabolos, mzisa da karis 

urTierTmimarTebasTan dakavSirebiT, saintereso epizods gvTavazobs 

amiranis eposi: `sadac rom mzem piri mohkra, amiranma muxli mglisi, 

koSkma piri iq daaRo, iq Saiba kari misi~(9,26). 

kvirias mier SabaTs xmelze karvis gadmodgma da kviras, naSuadRevs 

misi ukan aReba SesaZloa gulisxmobdes im RvTaebriv-manaTobeli “karis” 

gaRebas, romelic RvTisTvis gankuTvnil SabaT-kviris dRes mrevls 

salocavad uxmobs. es is dReebia, roca aRasruleben xat-salocavebSi 

locvas kviriasadmi da asruleben religiuri xasiaTis ritualebs. 

niSandoblivia is, rom kviria aseve “RvTiSvilTa winamZRolia da 

uzenaess morige-RmerTTan Suamavali”(12,23), anu Tu SeiZleba iTqvas igi 

“krebiTi saxea” im xat-salocavebisa, romelTa meurveobac 

gadanawilebuli aqvT RvTisSvilebs. solaruli warmodgenebis dros 

RvTaebis erToba da mravalwilianoba warmodgenilia Semdegnairad: 

“xevsurebis, mTiulebis da gudamayrelebis religiuri rwmenebiT 

dedamiwa mzis samefoa, misi sakuTrebaa, samzeoa, sadac yovel adamians 

hyavs Tavisi mze, “mzis wili””(44,188). am mzis “wilSi” SesaZloa 

vigulisxmoT TiToeuli ojaxis, gvaris, Tu Temis xat-salocavi, romelic 

SesaZloa romelime RvTiSvils hqondes mibarebuli. TiToeuli maTganis 

RvTaebrivi “wili” Tu “kari” erTianobaSi qmnis im uzarmazar “cecxlovan 

karavs”, romlis mpyrobelic xmelTmouravi mze-kviriaa da romelsac igi 

SabaT-kviras “xmelze gadmodgams”. keraSi danTebuli “wminda cecxli”, 

romelic Sib-sakidliT eSveba cidan swored TiToeuli ojaxisTvis 

gankuTvnili RvTaeba kvirias “wili sinaTlea”, romlis Caqrobac da 

ganelebac sikvdilTan, ubedurebasTan iyo asocirebuli. qarTul yofaSi 

“RvTaebrivi siwmindiT” sargeblobda kerac da sakidelic imdenad, rom 

“Tuki mas mosisxle mteric ki Seaxebda xels, sicocxles unarCunebdnen” 

(103,141). amitomac, qarTveli, saxlis mniSvnelobiT xmarobs saxl-kars, ara 

Cveulebrivi yofiTi gagebiT, aramed imis xazgasmiT, rom yoveli saxli, 

keria, ojaxi sakraluria, vinaidan gaaCnia “kari”, romelic “wilnayaria” 

ufalTan. narTebis aRsasrulSi moTxobilia, rom “gadidgulebul 

narTebs eSmaki sirdoni urCevs RmerTisadmi urCoba imiT gamoxaton, rom 

saxlebs maRali kari Seaban, rom iq Sesvlisas RmerTs Tayvaniscemis 

45

niSnad Tavi aRar dauxaron”(73,226). Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom 

metiwili religiuri ritualebisa keris garSemo sruldeboda, sruliad 

bunebrivia vifiqroT, rom odesRac saxlis “karSi Sesvla” igive 

“salocavSi” Sesvlis tolfasi iyo. kari gvxvdeba agreTve saqarTveloSi 

soflebis, dabebis dasaxelebaSi (mag., maRalaanT kari, maRaros kari da 

sxv.), rac udaod gvaZlevs saSualebas ufro farTo TvalTaxedviT 

gaviazroT misi socialuri Tu religiuri arsi. SeiZleba davuSvaT 

varaudi, rom iseve rogorc keraa ojaxis erTianobis da nayofierebis 

simbolo, aseve karic, gaazrebuli religiur konteqstSi, SeiZleboda 

yofiliyo ufro farTo socialuri erTeulis, Temis, sagvareulos 

erTobis gamoxatuleba. 

sagulisxmoa agreTve fSauri warmodgena kvirias karavis 

raobaze. fSaveli xevisberis gadmocemiT, kvirias karavi igive eklesiaa, 

razedac a. lekiaSvili SeniSnavs: ““karavi” ganuyrelad ukavSirdeba 

qristes, rogorc axali religiis damaarseblis saxels. “zeciuri, anda 

wminda karavi”, gamoxatavs ciur samlocvelos (taZars) da agreTve 

RmerTis ciur samyofels. am qristianuli warmodgenebis Suqze cxadi 

xdeba, rom kvirias karavi, igive qristes karavia – misi zeciuri taZarisamlocvelo”(54,170). 

aq ar SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT moses “wamebis karavi”, 

romelic man uflis miTiTebiT aago (Zveli aRTqma, gamosvla, Tavi 23-25). 

moses “karavi” qristianuli eklesiis pirvelsaxed Seiracxa. SesaZloa 

fsalmunSi moxseniebul ~meSexTa” (romlebsac zogi istorikosi mesxebs 

ukavSirebs) karvebsac swored aseTi religiuri datvirTva hqonodaT, 

razedac miuTiTebs is monaniebis kilo, romliTac daviT mefe ufals 

eubneba: ~vai me, rameTu vcxovrobdi meSexTan, bina mqonda kedaris 

karvebTan”(daviTis fsalmuni, 119). Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT karvis 

~salocav” aspeqts, daviT mefis fsalmunTa am monakveTSi ikveTeba garda 

~meSex-mesxebTan” arsebuli socialuri dapirispirebisa, sxvadasxva 

religiur platformaze myofi xalxebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxic. 

niSandoblivia is, rom moses karavi urTxelis xisgan aigo, romelsac 

iseve rogorc “meSex-mesxTa kedars” SesaZloa imTaviTve sakraluri 

xasiaTi hqonda da rogorc maradmwvane xeebi warmoadgendnen sakraluri, 

sicocxlis xis gansaxierebas. ziraqis sibrZneSi naTqvamia, rom mas 

Semdeg, rac mas moefina uflis madli, igi amaRlda: “rogorc kedari 

46

libanSi da rogorc kviparosi hermonis mTebze”(Zveli aRTqma, sibrZne 

ziraqisa, Tavi 23-24, 13.). aRvniSnavT imasac, rom urTxelis xe, 

romlisganac aigo “wamebis karavi” wmindad iyo Seracxuli saqarTvelos 

araerT regionSi, rac samarTlianad gvafiqrebinebs, rom “xis kulti” 

religiuri cnobierebis ufro adreuli safexuria, vidre karavi da 

Semdgom eklesia. amis dasturi unda iyos isic, rom RvTaeba kvirias 

dResaswaulze saxeldaxelod igeboda `xis karvebi~ e.w. `faTvlis qoxi~, 

rac upirveles yovlisa, am RvTaebis xis kultTan kavSirze unda 

miuTiTebdes: `Кроме эпитета каравиани, шатер обнаруживается в мифологических 

воззрениях и обрядах, связанных с культом данного божества. Расположенная в селении 

Тчалисофели Тчартальского ущелья Мтиулетии христианская церковь с окружающим ее 

небольшим участком земли у мтиулов почиталась под названием Квирацховлис хати в 

качестве святилища божества Квирия. Божество и святилище эти служили обьединяющим 

центром общинной организации, состоящей из четырех селений ущелья. Главным 

праздником Квирацховлис хати был Квирацховлоба – Фоминое воскресенье. Накануне 

праздника служители святилища сооружали четыре так называемых «лиственных 

хижин» патвлис кохи (patvlis koxi) – каркасы четырех шатров из лиственных 

деревьев. Поднявшиеся в «святилище» (хати) для ночного бдения поселяне приносили с 

собой паласы, которыми перекрывали эти каркасы. Каждое село располагалось в одном из 

шатров – хижин, где и проводило ночь, а на следующий день там же устраивались 

праздничные пиршества. По народному воззрению, сооружение в хати таких шатров – 

хижин в праздник Квирия было издревле установленным обычаем~(12,13). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom “adreul 

brinjaos xanaSi nayofierebis kults cecxli, kviria ansaxierebs, romlis 

xats Sveriliani kera warmoadgens, xolo ufro gvian nayofierebis 

RvTaebas asaxierebs rogorc kera, aseve “RvTis karze” amosuli 

sicocxlis xis motivi; amasTanave, rqiani sadgrebis da kerebis naxvretSi 

SeiZleboda CaemagrebinaT CiCilaki, rogorc sicocxlisa da nayofierebis 

simbolo” (44,193). aqve droulia gavixsenoT svaneTSi kvirias adre 

sagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklSi gavrcelebuli muryvamoba-kvirieobis 

rituali (85,109), roca specialurad zeimisTvis agebul Tovlis koSks 

swored naZvis toti an jvari amSvenebda, rogorc nayofierebis simbolo; 

or banaks Soris Semdeg imarTeboda Sejibri; saiTac gadaingreoda koSki 

im wels xvavi da baraqa imaT darCebodaT. ar aris gamoricxuli Tavad 

47

sityva _ kvirti, rogorc pirveli niSani gazafxulis mosvlisa da 

sicocxlis ganaxlebisa, davukavSiroT aseve kvirias saxels. rac Seexeba 

keraSi amosuli xis (ifani) miTologemas, romelic salocavis daarsebas 

ukavSirdeba, kidev erTxel gvaxsenebs imas, rom sakraluri xe 

RvTiSvilTa sadgomicaa, razedac mowmobs Tundac “nugzar erisTavis 

mier moWrili laSaris bermuxa, romlis wverze oqros Sibi ekida da zed 

angelozebi Camodiodnen” (46,111). amis gamoZaxilia xalxuri leqsic: “beri 

giorgi mec viyav, cas vebi oqros SibiTa; goraze medga bermuxa, zed 

avdiodi kibiTa” (98,118). gamodis wminda xe iseTive “sadgomia uflisa”, 

rogorc “karavi” da Semdgom, eklesia. Sesabamisad, kvirias “karavi” 

gaazrebuli qristianuli eklesiis konteqstSi mainc “gvabrunebs” 

kerasTan da misgan momdinare sakraluri xis simbolikasTan. sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT, yuradRebas iqcevs “svaneTSi saaRdgomo sufris 

aucilebeli elementi, sakraluri xe, “kamarai-s” saxelwodebiT” (2,121), 

romelic garkveul ideur siaxloves amJRavnebs cis karis, TaRis, karvis 

religiur arsTan. “RvTis karze” amosuli xis simbolika Tavisi arsiT 

aseve ukavSirdeba kerasTan mdgari dedaboZis simbolos, romlis Tavxeze 

angelozebi sxdebian xolme. aRvniSnavT, rom wminda xis miTo-religiuri 

suraT-xati aisaxa sveticxovlis “misteriaSic”, iseve rogorc araerTi 

eklesia aSenda saqarTveloSi wminda xis moWris Sedegad (mag. martvilis 

monasteri, romlis adgilas manamde wminda muxis xe idga). 

angariSgasawevia isic, rom kvari, rogorc sinaTlis wyaro, romelsac v. 

bardaveliZe “kviriasTan” erT semantikur velSi ganixilavs, swored 

fiWvis an naZvis xis anaTalisgan mzaddeboda. amrigad, Tuki 

mxedvelobaSi miviRebT “karavis” rogorc religiuri simbolos kavSirs 

kerasTan, rogorc “RvTis karTan”, cecxlTan, sinaTlis wyarosTan da 

amasTanave davuSvebT dRemde cnobili pirveli “salocavi karvis” xis 

kultidan momdinareobas, safiqrebelia, RvTaeba kvirias “karvianoba” 

winare qristianul rwmena-warmodgenebSi veZeboT. marTlac, zemoT 

motanili msjelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba warmovidginoT RvTaeba 

kviriasTan dakavSirebuli sakraluri triada – kera/xe/karavi, sadac 

triadis mesame wevri, qristianobis periodSi, ukve eklesiiT iqna 

Canacvlebuli, iseve rogorc solaruli RvTaebis - kvirias saxe ieso 

qristes kanonikurma RvTismsaxurebam Caanacvla. 

48

sxvaTaSoris, safiqrebelia xis sakralur motivs davukavSiroT 

dRes ukve samxedro, safortifikacio nagebobis mniSvnelobiT naxmari – 

cixe, romelsac adre SesaZloa religiuri datvirTvac hqonoda, miT 

umetes, rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis rwmena-warmodgenebiT, cixe 

`suleTSi~ gardacvlil sulTa gansasvenebel adgilsamyofels 

warmoadgens(65,59). qarTul xalxur samonadireo eposSi vxvdebiT erT 

leqss, romelSic cixe Tavisi simboluri datvirTviT pirdapir 

`sicocxlis xis~ suraTs gvixatavs: 

`zen bacaligos Tovlsa sTovs, 

qven bacaligos Sreboda, 

abuleTaurT cixesa 

kuTxe marjvena sqTeboda. 

Tavs azis Savi yorani 

gveli libuSi Zvreboda _ 

avad ars kvirikais Ze 

guls uwadinod kvdeboda...~(39,141). 

cixe romlis boloSi Savi yorani zis, xolo liboSi ki Zvreba 

gveli, bunebrivia mogvagonebs `sicocxlis xes~, romlis fesvebSi swored 

gveli budobs, xolo kenweroSi ki mziuri niSniT gamorCeuli frinveli. 

Sesabamisad, cixe, rogorc Tavad sityva gveubneba, Tavdapirvelad 

SeiZleba gaazrebuli yofiliyo rogorc cis xe, igive sakraluri xe, 

romelic RvTaebaTa sadgomadac iyo miCneuli. amrigad, erT dros 

salocavTan, `suleTTan~ gaigivebuli `cixe~ TandaTanobiT mxolod 

gamagrebuli, TavdacviTi nagebobis profanul gagebamde unda 

`CamoqveiTebuliyo~. 

Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT karvis, rogorc “moZravi 

salocavis” funqcias, rac vlindeba imaSic, rom mas kviria gadmodgams 

SabaTs da kvira naSuadRevs ukan aiRebs, aRsaniSnavia, rom karis 

aRmniSvneli laTinuri sityva porta, aseve safuZvlad daedo zmnebs: 

gadatanis, motanis, gadaadgilebis mniSvnelobiT. laTinuri “karis” es 

~dinamiuri” xasiaTi SegviZlia imave religiuri principis safuZvelze 

avxsnaT, romlis mixedviT, kari upirveles yovlisa or samyaros Soris 

49

makavSirebeli ~gasasvlelia”. qarTuli gamoTqma ~samaris kari” am 

mosazrebis sasargeblod laparakobs. SemTxveviTi arc is unda iyos, rom 

gadarCenis mniSvnelobiT naxmari qarTuli sityva: xsna, zmna - gaxsnas 

ukavSirdeba, vinaidan Tuki sakiTxs religiuri kuTxiT mivudgebiT 

~sulis xsna” swored ~RvTis karis” gaxsnaSia. amave konteqstSi SeiZleba 

ganvixiloT iseTi gamoTqmebi, rogoricaa “bedis Sekvra” da “bedis 

gaxsna”(2,128). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aseve saintereso unda iyos sityva – 

karibWes religiuri kuTxiT danaxva. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi 

gavrcelebuli rwmena-warmodgenebiT, miRmieri samyaro, igive `suleTi~ 

warmoadgens erT trial mindors, sadac centrSi dgas cixe, romlis 

wveri cas ebjineba. sanam micvalebulis suli am cixeSi moxvdeba, 

SesasvlelSi mas asamarTleben bWeni, romlebic Cadenili codva-madlis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, iReben gadawyvetilebas cixis romel sarTulze 

ganaweson suli (65,59). yuradReba mivaqcioT imasac, rom ``WiSkari 

`bWiSkarisgan~ aris warmoSobili da rom bibliis teqstebis uZveles 

qarTul TargmanebSi `bWe~ mosamarTles ki ar niSnavda, aramed kars 

(rusuli `vorota~). am mxriv niSandoblivia gamoTqma `vrceli ars bWe~. 

amave dros bWe niSnavda mosamarTlesac. ~Cveuli iyo bWe igi mitevebad 

erTisa pyrobelisa ersa mas~(maTe, 17,15)~(72,61). amrigad imis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kviria `RvTis karze moaruli iyo~ da mas 

`samarTlis warmoeba~ ebara, `samarTlis~ konteqstSi gaazrebuli 

`karibWe~ da `WiSkaric~, vfiqrob, Tamamad SegviZlia davukavSiroT, 

kvirias `karavs~, romelsac RvTaebrivi samarTlis mwarmoebeli `karis~ 

datvirTvac unda hqonda. gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom kvirias “dasjis 

erT-erTi meTodi swored saxl-karis gadawva iyo~. aRsaniSnavia, rom 

`karis~ RvTaebrivi aspeqti narCundeba misi rogorc yofiTi, aseve 

religiuri gagebiT iseT gamoTqmaSi, rogoricaa - `yudro kari~, romelic 

SeiZleboda yofiliyo rogorc jvar-xatis kari, aseve jalafobis, ojaxis 

saxl-kari. amasTanave, saxlis ganaTvlis dros ixseniebodnen yudro karis 

damWeri angelozni: `Sena samTavrod, Sena gasamarjod as, yudro-karis 

damWero angelozni, moxsenebuli samsaxuri~(121,47,198). aqve movigonoT, 

rom Zv. romSi ianusTan erTad arsebobda `portunusi – WiSkris RmerTi 

da karna – karis anjamis qalRmerTi~(20,95), romlis saxelwodeba nebsiT 

50

Tu uneblied, qarTul `kars~ mogvagonebs. isic cnobilia, `Tu rogor 

didad fasobda Zvel aRmosavleTSi saxlis xis kari, rodesac 

iZulebulni iyvnen mietovebinaT saxli, kari Tan mihqondaT. rogorc 

irkveva kars, WiSkars religiur-sakulto daniSnuleba hqonda~(72,62). 

davubrundebi mgel/ZaRlis kults. saqarTveloSi, kerZod 

qarTlSi dafiqsirebuli masalis mixedviT, “arsebobs rwmena saiqios 

karebTan mdgomi ZaRlebis Sesaxeb, romlebic mxolod im SemTxvevaSi 

gaatarebdnen micvalebulis suls, Tuki mis saxelze ZaRlisTvis saaqaos 

puri qondaT gadagdebuli”(79,19). Tuki es ZaRlebi kvirias nebis 

aRmsruleblebi arian, savsebiT bunebrivia, rom isini ase iolad “RvTis 

karSi” aravis gaatareben 10 . Sesabamisad, saweso puris – kveris religiuri 

kavSiri kviriasTan ufro damajerebeli xdeba. amave suliskveTebis 

gamomxatvelia imereTSi dafiqsirebuli termini “mekre-mebaJe, romelic 

“ZaRlisTvis gankuTvnil” gansakuTrebuli zomisa da formis purs 

gulisxmobs, raTa man daindos micvalebuli”(2,76). yurSa/yurSavis saxeSi, 

upirveles yovlisa, unda davinaxoT “SaveTis, qveskneluri mzis” 

zoomorfuli simbolo, romlis avbediTi mzera, “yureba,” rogorc iTqva, 

sasikeTos aravis uqadis. 

Tuki kviriasTan mimarTebaSi cecxlis stiqias amosavlad 

miviCnevT, kidev erTxel gavusvamT xazs cecxliT dasjis miseul aspeqts 

da gaviTvaliswinebT v. bardaveliZis mosazrebas erTian religiur 

semanatikaSi iqnas ganxiluli RvTaeba kvirias saxeli, keraSi gamomcxvari 

saweso puri _ kveri da sinaTlis wyaro _ kvari, mxedvelobidan arc 

samWedlo saqmesTan dakavSirebuli kveri da kverva unda gamogvrCes, miT 

umetes, rom “mWedels, iseve rogorc samWedlos erT dros religiuri 

funqciebi hqonda da samarTalsac ganagebda, razedac mowmobs dRemde 

SemorCenili religiuri sawyisis mqone qarTuli gamoTqma: “kveris 

dakvra””(5,112). samWedlo “kvers”, misi “samarTlis warmoebis” konteqstSi 

gaazrebis garda, madlianobis, RvTaebrivobis mniSvnelobac hqonda; amis 

naTeli magaliTia gamoTqma “mxarkveriani, romelic xSirad meomar 

arwivTan, nawilian vaJkacTan mimarTebaSi ixmareboda”(5,113). sakiTxTan 

10 sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, yuradRebas iqcevs svaneTSi, lentexis raionis sof. lujis eklesiis 

Sesasvleli karis Tavze (arqitravze) gamosaxuli zoomorfuli simbolo, romelic aSkarad mgel- 

ZaRls mogvagonebs; aRniSnuli unda iyos qarTvelTa uZvelesi religiuri rwmena-warmodgenis 

gamoZaxili, romlis Tanaxmadac RvTis karSi Sesasvlels swored mgel-ZaRlebi icaven. 

mxedvelobaSia misaRebi isic, rom lujis eklesia wm. giorgis saxelobisaa, xolo svanuri 

tradiciis Tanaxmad, jgragi, igive wm. giorgi swored mglebis winamZRolad moiazreba. 

51

dakavSirebiT, arc kverTxi unda gamogvrCes mxedvelobidan, rogorc mefequrumTa 

insignia, romlis tarebac albaT imTaviTve swored mxarkveriani 

vaJkacebis ufleba iyo. 

amrigad, samWedlo cecxlic, viTarca “samarTlis gamrige”, raRaca 

saxiT dakavSirebuli aRmoCnda kviriasTan. aRniSnuli, iseve rogorc 

kvirias winaaziuri analogiebi, razedac zemoT gvqonda saubari, ar unda 

iyos sinamdviles moklebuli Tuki imasac movigonebT, rom “xeTebis 

samefos avtoriteti maxlobel aRmosavleTSi, rogorc liTonis 

mwarmoebeli qveynisa, damyarebuli iyo adgilobrivi mosaxleobis, 

tabalebis, xalib-kainTa saukunovan metalurgiul tradiciebze. am 

tradiciebis saTaveebi ki iZireba im uZvelesi qarTveluri da dasavleT 

amierkavkasiuri mosaxleobis kulturis miRwevebSi, romelic mcire 

aziaSi xeTebis uwinares ivaraudebian”(69,46). erTi detalic. “mglis 

muxli” ZalasTan, vaJkacobasTan aris gaigivebuli qarTul miTsa da 

eposSi. gavixsenoT amiranis “mglis muxli” da xalxuri leqsi: “gagviZeR 

bero mindiav muxli maibi mglisao”. niSandoblivia is, rom muxlis Tavis 

mniSvnelobiT aseve ixmareba muxlis kveric (94,1171), rac bunebrivad 

gvabrunebs Teoforul saxelTa mwkrivSi xmelTmouravi kviriasi, romlis 

daqvemdebarebaSic albaT swored “muxlkveriani” mgel/ZaRlebi iyvnen. 

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom fizikuri Zalis, simagris, gamZleobis garda 

“muxlis kveris” Teoforuli xasiaTi SeiZleba vlindebodes imaSic, rom 

adreul epoqaSi, liTonis civad Wedvis procesSi muxli asrulebda 

funqcias grdemlisa, romelmac Semdgom sakralur-religiuri datvirTva 

miiRo: “afxazuri versiiT, Zvelad cxovrobda pirveli mWedeli, romelic 

kveris magivrad muStiT sargeblobda, grdemlad ki muxls xmarobda da 

amasTanave mxolod spilenZis nivTebs amzadebda”(8,55). amasTanave, 

mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes isic, rom “xevSi yeenis, berikas 

saxelze gadasaxads “muxliskvera” erqva; masSi Sedioda erbo, yveli, 

xabizginebi, qada, xaWapurebi da sxv.”(81,53). aRniSnuli met 

damajereblobas hmatebs mosazrebas, “muxliskverSi” kvirias saxeli 

amovikiTxoT, vinaidan misi RvTaebrivi saxe berikasTan, yeenTan erTad 

nayofierebasTan dakavSirebul adre sagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklSic 

moiazreboda. 

52

dabolos, gamoricxuli araa rom sityva - sakvirvelSi erT 

dros uflis mniSvnelobiT naxmari kvirias imanenturi saxe idos, iseve 

rogorc dasavleTevropul enebSi metwilad siyvarulis, aRtacebis 

mniSvnelobiT naxmari laTinuri Ziris mqone _ adoratio imTaviTve uflis 

Tayvaniscemas gamoxatavda. 

53

2) mgel-ZaRlis simbolo qarTul samonadireo eposSi 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolo sagulisxmod vlindeba nadirTRvTaebaTa 

rCeuli monadireebis miTiur saxeSi. qarTul samonadireo eposSi eseTebi 

arian: TeTri manguri, Corla, beTqili, ivane qvacixiseli da sxv. 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, v. bardaveliZis masalaze dayrdnobiT, e. 

virsalaZe SeniSnavs, rom `yovel astralur RvTaebas qarTul panTeonSi 

Tavisi damxmare hyavda zoomorfuli da anTropomorfuli sulebis saxiT. 

morige RmerTisa da mzeqalis amgvar damxmareTa Soris aris - mgeli. 

zogierT saTemo RvTaebas damxmared hyavda gvelebi da ZaRlebi – 

mwevarni (beTqils xom swored ori mwevari axlavs Tan)~(39,67). am 

SemTxvevaSi, Cveni kvlevis saganTan mimarTebiT, yuradRebas swored rom 

mwevar-ZaRlebze gavamaxvilebT _ Tavidanve saWiroa dadgena imisa, Tu 

riT imsaxurebs monadire `RvTaebrivi niSniT~ gamorCeuli wyvili 

mwevrebis yolas. aqve aRvniSnoT, rom Tuki beTqilis SemTxvevaSi 

monadires wyvili mwevari dahyveba, sxva SemTxvevebSi, rCeul monadires 

Tan axlavs aseve RvTaebrivi niSniT gamorCeuli, miTiuri ZaRli – yurSa. 

upirveles yovlisa, xazi gavusvaT imas, rom astraluri motivi, 

kerZod ki solaruli aspeqti, monadireTa saxeSic xazgasmulia: `sagzlad 

monadires colis an dalis gamomcxvari xmelganatexi unda waeRo – 

ritualuri puri, romlis zedapiri mzis dafantuli sxivebis msgavsad 

iyo daWrelebuli. monadire SeWamda da ityoda: marjvena damiloce 

dali~(39,26). 

msoflio miTologia icnobs didi monadiris saxes, romelic 

astralur simboloebTanaa dakavSirebuli. aseTia berZnul miTologiaSi 

goliaTi da SesaniSnavi monadire _ orioni. nadirobis RvTaeba _ 

artemides orioni TavdaviwyebiT Seuyvarda. sakuTari dis RvTaebrivi 

siwminde rom gadaerCina, apolonma cbierebiT moakvlevina orioni. 

mwuxare artemidem satrfo moaTavsa varskvlavebs Soris, sadac igi 

gamoCndeba xolme rogorc lomis tyaviT Semosili maxviliani goliaTi, 

romelsac gverdiT misdevs ZaRli _ siriosi da romlis winac pleiadebi 

dafrinaven~(19,72). aqve droulia gavixsenoT meore didi monadire _ 

nebroTi: `bibliuri gmiri, qamis Zis xusis (quSis) miTiuri Svili, 

sworupovari monadire: ese iyo gmiri monadire winaSe uflisa RvTisa. 

54

amisTvis Tqves, rameTu nebroT gmiri monadire~(Seqmn.,10,9). mas miewereboda 

babilonis samefos daarseba. misi saxeli dakavSirebulia Zvel 

saqarTvelosTanac: àq iyo nimrodi, babilonis samefos miTiuri 

damaarsebeli, romelmac mTeli qveyniereba daipyro da aq pirvelad 

damarcxda, sikvdili hpova~(27,342). 

rogorc damowmebuli masala gviCvenebs, misi socialuri aspeqtebis 

garda, monadiris saxeSi `RvTaebrivisken swrafvaa~ Cadebuli; SesaZloa 

`mzisken swarfvac~, Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom Tavisi oqrosferi 

TmebiT, solarul sawyiss uaxlovdeba nadirTRvTaeba – dali, romlis 

erT-erTi korelati SeiZleba mgel-ZaRli yofiliyo, Tuki, rogorc ukve 

iTqva, ZaRli dakavSirebuli iyo nadirT patronis, gvian ki monadireobis 

RvTaebis saxesTan da xSirad mis dublikats, mis saxecvlilebas 

warmoadgenda. e. virsalaZe sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT SeniSnavs, rom `yurSa 

uZvelesi personaJia qarTuli miTologiisa, gadmosuli amiranis 

TqmulebaSi, rogorc im droisa da warmodgenebis rudimenti, rodesac 

monadire sxvadasxva tabuTa darRvevisaTvis, ZiriTadad ki nadirT 

patronis siyvarulis ugulebelyofisaTvis, dasjili iyo kldeze umweod 

datovebiT. iqvea misi erTaderTi mxlebeli ZaRli yurSa, romelic TviT 

damsjeli RvTaebis saxecvlileba an misi atributia~(39,90). 

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom rCeuli monadiris mudmivi Tanamgzavri, 

miTiuri ZaRli – yurSa, erTgvarad misi `mentaluri oreulia~; amas 

gvafiqrebinebs RvTaebrivi mesefeebis `Wkviani ZaRlebis~ arseboba: 

`samegreloSi gavrcelebuli warmodgeniT, tyis da nadirT patroni 

mesefeebi ZaRlebis TanxlebiT dadian. es ZaRlebi araCveulebrivi 

gonebiTa da nadirobaSi unarianobiT gamoirCevian. maT Zalin mokle xnis 

sicocxle aqvT. es ZaRli SeiZleba monadires Cauvardes xelSi da Svelis 

mas nadirobaSi~(39,68). Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom miTiuri yurSas 

oqros yur-tuCi da Weqa-quxilis xma SeiZleba `RvTis nebis gamovlinebad~ 

aRviqvaT, zemomoyvanil msjelobas damajerebloba emateba. rogorc 

samonadireo eposidanaa cnobili, erTxelac `monadire gahyveba yurSas 

kvals da mis ZebnaSi maRal kldes ayveba. monadire ukan dasabrunebel 

gzas veRar ipovis da bolos iRupeba~(39,65). magram `yvela sikeTesTan 

erTad~ ratom TamaSobs yurSa sabediswero rols monadiris cxovrebaSi 

da sabolood ratom aris gardauvali yvela vaJkacuri niSniT Semkuli 

55

monadiris daRupva Tuki sakiTxs wminda religiuri kuTxiT SevxedavT, 

vfiqrob, amiT xazgasmulia monadiris `miwieri aspeqti~ da Sesabamisad 

isic, rom saboloo jamSi, `RvTaebrivisken winswrafva~ miwieri 

adamianisTvis zRvardebulia. aRniSnul faqtze miniSneba, vfiqrob, 

arsebobs qarTul samonadireo eposSi. gavixsenoT beTqilis nadiroba: 

`beTqils dali gamoecxada TeTri iremis an Sunis saxiT da igi tyeSi 

gaityua. sasowarkveTili sikvdilis win Tanasoflelebs sTxovs `samTa 

WvSxaSi~ Seasrulon mis win. es ferxuli sruldeba yovel gazafxulze 

JabeSSi im kldesTan, sadac Tqmulebis Tanaxmad daiRupa beTqili. aseTive 

wes-Cveulebani gvxvdeba qvemo svaneTSi... beTqili qarTuli warmarTuli 

panTeonis gmiria~(39,91). Tanasoflelebi, beTqili daRupvisgan rom ixsnan, 

kldes kibes miayudeben, magram es saqmes mainc ar Svelis; piriqiT, klde 

kidev ufro izrdeba!(39,54). 

SesaZloa `kldis zrdaSi~ mocemuli iyos erTi mxriv, sabediswero 

garduvaloba, xolo meore mxriv, swored sulieri samyaros 

ùkideganoba~, rasac msxverplad unda Seewiros saxelovani monadiris 

miwieri cxovreba: `miTur gmirs zeciur wvdomaSi xels uSlis miwieri 

cxovrebis tkbobis Zlieri cduneba. gmiric tragikulia, radgan ar 

SeuZlia mTlianad mowydes adamianur yofas~(5,89). isic aRvniSnoT, rom 

zogadad klde, mTa zena samyaros miesadageba da RvTaebaTa 

`sadgomadacaa~ miCneuli. es kargad dasturdeba svanuri masaliTac: `m. 

Ciqovanis masalebiT, svaneTSi nadiri oTx jgufad aris gayofili: 1. 

SiSveli mTis nadiri (iremi, Sveli, arCvi, jixvi), romelsac qal-RmerTi 

dali mfarvelobs. 2. tyis mxecebi (daTvi, mela, kverna, maCvi), romelsac 

tyis angelozi (cxeviS angelvez) mfarvelobs. 3. mgeli, romlis saqmes wm. 

giorgi (jgragi) ganagebs. 4. frinvelebi da Tevzebi, romelTac afsati 

mfarvelobs. yvela maTi ufrosi ber SiSvliSi – SiSveli mTis 

ufalia~(39,32). 

sulieri Semecnebis gzaze myofi monadire sadac iRupeba, is adgili 

sakralur saxes iZens: `kldeze daRupuli monadire raWaSi agreTve 

aqtiuri kultis sagani iyo. ivane qvacixiselis saxels sxvadasxva adgils 

ukavSireben, yvelaze metad ki kldes – qvacixes, sofel RebTan, sadac 

dgas misi saxelobis niSi da qvas, romelic, Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, 

gadmoyva ivanes kldidan da igi gaacamtvera~(39,93). 

56

saxelovani monadiris sulieri kuTxiT `danaxvas~ marTlac unda 

gaaCndes istoriul-eTnologiuri safuZveli: `monadiris urTierToba 

dalTan gvagonebs im mlocvelis urTierTobas sulier ZalebTan, 

romelsac surs am ukanasknelebTan pirdapiri kavSiris gabma. svani 

monadire mimarTavs ciskars, romelic dalis (adgilis dedis) astraluri 

saxea. aq monadire bers gvagonebs, romelic locviT iwrTobs suls... 

wminda beri rogorc monadire qarTvelebisTvis ucxo ar iyo. solomon 

yazbegis gadmocemiT, Zvelad samebis berebi ganTqmuli monadireebi 

yofilan, romelTa saxelma Cven dromdisac moaRwia~(5,84). ufro meti. 

zemoT moyvanili citatis avtori, wm. giorgis arqetipul saxes aseve 

samonadireo eposSi eZebs: `monadiris kldidan Camovardna da miwaze 

naWer-naWer dacvivna saintereso miniSnebebis mizezic xdeba. Cven viciT 

wminda giorgis cxovrebidan, rom wmindans borbalze akraven da 

nawilebad Wrian. saidan moitanes qarTvelebma wminda giorgis 363 

nawilad da ara sxva ufro advil saTqmel cifrad danawevreba. mizezi 

erTia, qarTul xalxur azrovnebas tradiciulad SemorCenili hqonda 

miTiuri monadiris sikvdili swored nawil-nawil daWriT. es epizodebi 

ise mtkiced iyo xalxSi Sesisxlxorcebuli, rom Semdeg, roca wminda 

giorgis saxe Semoitana mwignobrulma qristianobam, xalxma wmindani 

daanawevra 363 nawilad da TiTo nawils TiTo eklesia miawera... 

monadiris tragikuli sikvdilis gaanalizeba gvafiqrebinebs, rom wminda 

giorgis 363 nawilad daWris qarTuli gadmocemis safuZveli uxsovar 

droidan Seqmna qarTvelma xalxma Tavis miTebSi...~(5,82,89). sainteresoa 

avtoris daskvna: `1. sanam adamiani arsebobs sxeulSi, is ver 

daakmayofilebs keTili sulieri Zalebis moTxovnebs (amitomac eomebian 

miTuri gmirebi RmerTebs). 2. gansxvavebas miwiersa da zeciur Zalebs 

Soris sxeuli hqmnis. fizikuri adamianis suls esmis, SeuZlia Seicnos, 

Sesruleba ki uZneldeba; amitom iRupeba beTqili da moTqvams xalxic: 

`sabralo beTqil, sacodavo beTqil!~ 3. mzis weliwadis damkvidrebis 

Semdeg adamianis buneba srulyofilad rom SeefardebinaT mzis ciklTan, 

igi 363 nawilad dayofili warmoisaxes~(5,89). 

e. virsalaZis miniSnebiTac: `mTiuleTSi Cawerili Tqmulebis 

Tanaxmad, wm. giorgi borbalze daakres da ise daagores kldidan. am 

wamebis Sedegad misi sxeuli nawil-nawil daqucmacebuli moedo mTel 

57

kldes. es nawilebi angelozebma akrifes. zogierTi TqmulebiT, giorgis 

sxeuli 363 nawilad daiSala da TiToeulis adgilas aSenda eklesia. 

TiTqos amitom axseneben locvaSi 363 giorgis... SemTxveviTi ar aris wm. 

giorgis eklesiebis kldis Tavze, mTis mwvervalebsa da borcvebze 

moTavseba: 

goris jvris wminda giorgi 

maRla mTasa asvenia, 

nadiri bevri miudis, 

mgeli, arCvi da melio, 

daTvs raRa miarbeninebs 

- vai, SiSi ra Znelia! 

tyis nadirTa `SiSi~ maRla mTaze dasvenebuli wm. giorgis mimarT 

kidev erTxel gviCvenebs Cveni xalxis SemecnebaSi SemorCenils mis 

kavSirs nadirT patronis, kldis angelozis kultebTan. qarTuli 

folkloris masalebi amtkiceben, rom qristianuli wm. giorgis kults 

saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi win uswrebda nadirT patronis mamakacuri 

korelatis kulti, jer nadirT patroni qalis daRupulivaJis an 

satrfos, xolo Semdeg TviT nadirT patronis funqciebs dauflebuli 

misi Zmis an meuRlis saxiT. droTa msvlelobaSi ukanasknelma daCrdila, 

zogjer ki sul gandevna qalis nadirT patronis kulti, monadireobis 

mTavari RvTaebis niSnebi mieRo...~(39,125-126). 

davubrundeT zemomotanil, b. abaSiZis daskvas, romelic 

sagulisxmoa imiTac, rom 363 nawilad danawevrebuli monadire 

praqtikulad `mzes ewireba~! ai, ratom axlavs mas dasaxuli misiis 

aRsrulebaSi Tanamgzavrad `mziuri~ niSniT gamorCeuli RvTaebrivmiTiuri 

ZaRli, romelic erTgvarad nadirTRvTaebis miwier hipostasad 

vcaniT, iseve rogorc mglebi iTvlebian aseve 363 nawilad danawevrebuli 

wminda giorgis wminda ZaRlebad, romelTa mokvlac svanebs dRemde 

ekrZalebaT gansakuTrebiT im soflebSi, sadac wm. giorgis eklesia dgas: 

`sadac jgragis eklesiaa da moljgragebi arian, iq akrZalulia mglis 

mokvla. mglebi wm. giorgis ZaRlebia. qaSveTSi (sofeli zemo svaneTSi) 

magaliTad wm. giorgis eklesia aqvT da iq akrZaluli iyo~(citata 

58

ekuTvnis sof. lenjeris mkvidrs, muSni udesians (dab. 1924w.), romelic 

Caviwere 2008 wlis ivlisSi, zemosvaneTSi savele eqspediciis dros). 

samonadireo eposidan kidev erTi detali msurs gamovyo: kerZod, 

monadiris kldis wverze Tavdayira dakidebis motivi. ase magaliTad, 

kldeze Tavdayira dakidebuli monadire jarji _ `mTasa vkidivar fexiTa 

fur-bewvis qalamniTao~ - avi ambis macned yurSas agzavnis dedasTan da 

dasTan (39,44). Tuki monadiris saxeSi `sulieri Semecnebis~ idea devs, 

gmiris Tavdayira dakidebis motivi erTgvarad uaxlovdeba germanelTa 

miTologiis mTavari RvTaebis odinis saxes, romelic aseve Tavdayira 

daekida samyaros xeze, igdrasilze, raTa sibrZnes ziareboda da mieRo 

sakraluri anbani _ runebi. xeze Tavdayira dakidebuli monadiris 

msgavsebas odin-votanis miTiur saxesTan xazs usvams n. abakelia(2,78). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, yuradRebas iqcevs sxva msgavsebac, kerZod is, 

rom òdins mudam wyvili mgeli axlavs Tan, romlebic ZaRlebad 

moixseniebian; mglebis ZaRlebTan gaigiveba Cveulebriv movlenas 

warmoadgens saerTo kavkasiur (da ara marto kavkasiur) tradiciaSi~(2,56). 

monadiris saxeSi mziuri aspeqtis warmoCena da misi kavSiri wm. 

giorgisTan gvafiqrebinebs, rom samonadireo eposi nayofierebasTanac 

unda iyos dakavSirebuli. pirveli, razedac msurs yuradReba 

gavamaxvilo, aris `nadirobis eposis saxeebisa da motivebis mtkice 

kavSiri rogorc qarTul saqorwilo, ise saZeobo poeziasTan~(39,153). 

rogorc e. virsalaZe SeniSnavs, `nadirobis qalRmerTi mcire aziasa da 

saberZneTSi, iseve rogorc zogierT sxva qveynebSi, qorwinebis mfarvel 

RvTaebadac iTvleboda. qarTul saqorwilo rituals amis zogierTi 

niSani SerCa. pirveli, rac ipyrobs Cvens yuradRebas qarTul saqorwilo 

poeziaSi aris nefisa – monadiris saxiT, xolo dedoflisa – 

monadirebulis, nanadirevis saxiT warmodgena: 

Cvens nefes unadirnia 

arsianisa mTazedao, 

mouklavs xari, iremi, 

gadukidia mxarzedao... 

59

...gzaSi nefe-dedofalTan mihyavT mezoblebs qaTmebi da mtredebi. 

ufrenen da mefec xanjal, an xmalamoRebuli swyvetavs saxlSi 

mosvlamdis. saxlSi rom Sedian, mayrebi mRerian: 

xelmwifes unadirnia, 

mSvild-isriT xmali ukria, 

mouklavs xoxobi da irem-Sveli, nukria... 

amave mayruli simReris variantia Cawerili sagarejoSi – 

safaravanos zRvazeda 

Cven mefes gaumarjvnia, 

amouwyvetavs mas mtrebi, 

samSoblo gauxarnia... 

unadiria, mouklam: 

jixvi, irmebi, qednebi; 

mogvyav da mogvixaria 

dedal-mamali mtredebi. 

am leqsis mravalricxovani variantebi mowmobs mis Rrma 

tradicias. sainteresoa, rom frinvelebis gawyveta, romelSiac, v. 

kotetiSvili samarTlianad qalis ZaliT wamoyvanis gansaxierebas 

xedavda, warmoadgenda qalis ara ubralod motacebas, aramed qalis 

`monadirebas~ am sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. es wesiwarmogvidgenda 

nefes ara saerTod vaJkacis, gmiris saxiT, aramed saxelovani monadiris 

saxiT, rogorc mamakacobisa, vaJkacobis umaRles Sefasebas. am leqsSi 

gaSlili rTuli metaforac swored amasve gulisxmobs. aq mTeli 

qorwili nadirobasTan, nefe nadirobaSi gamarjvebul monadiresTan, 

xolo dedofali nanadirevTan aris Sedarebuli~(39,148). 

niSandoblivia isic, rom `qarTuli saqorwilo ritualis kavSirs 

uZveles warmodgenebTan, mowmobs saqorwilo qarTul simReraSi wminda 

giorgis, rogorc meuRleTa mTavari SemaerTebeli Zalis xsenebac. 

marTalia, mas zogjer (Zalian iSviaTad) qriste-RmerTi enacvleba, magram 

60

mag. mTiuleTSi Cawerili cxra variantidan eqvsi ixseniebs mxolod wm. 

giorgis da mxarSi mdgom mis angelozebs – 

jvari jvarsao 

jvari winasa, 

angelozebi 

marjvniv mxaresa, 

samocdasami 

wminda giorgi 

Tu daswers jvarsa 

Cven nefianTa! 

anda: 

vin daswers jvarsa 

Cvens nefiansa, 

wm. giorgi is daswers jvarsa! 

am simReriT keris garSemo nefionis Semovla, rogorc Cans, Zveli 

qarTuli saqorwilo ritualis ZiriTad moments warmoadgenda da 

qristianuli qorwilis ritualze bevrad Zveli iyo~(39,149). 

rac Seexeba nadirobis eposis kavSirs saZeobo poeziasTan, romelic 

aseve mziur-gamanayofierebel niSnebs atarebs, e. virsalaZes mohyavs 

saqarTvelos xelnawerTa institutSi daculi qarTuli saZeobo simReris: 

`mze Sina da mze gareTa, mzev, Sin Semodio~, erTi metad saintereso 

varianti, romelSic mzis kultTan erTad nadirobis motivic iCens Tavs: 

`mze Sinao, mze Sinao, mzee Sinao; 

vaJis mama Sina ar iyo, mzee Sinao; 

skvinCa iyo, nacvlad missa, mze Sinao; 

ymas esma xma WikWikisa, mzee Sinao; 

Casuliyo sanadirod, mzee `Sinao; 

aq ras ismens, es ar icis, mzeeSina; 

aq ras ismen, es ariso mzeeSinao; 

irems mohklavs, Tavs moitans mzeeSinao; 

61

mexi eces, Tavs daatans, mzeeSinao! 

mexi vgoneb ver daatans, mzeeSinao 

am simReras arqaul motivTa mTeli rigi aqvs SenarCunebuli. jer 

erTi, aq didi adgili uWiravs nadirobis motivs. bavSvis mama Sin ar 

aris, igi sanadirod aris wasuli. axaldabadebuls mis magier darCenili 

Citis, skvinCas WikWiki esmis. vaJis mamam iremi unda mohklas da misi Tavi 

moitanos. es Tavi mas daifaravs mexis dacemis SemTxvevaSi. mamis 

sanadirod wasvla ueWvelad ufro Zveli motivia. gvian aq sxva motivacia 

gaCnda. vaJis mama `qalaqs aris akvnisaTvis, akvnis iaraRisaTvis~~(39,150). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, sainteresoa i. surgulaZis mosazreba imis 

Taobaze, rom Tavad nadirobis procesi warmoadgens mamruli da 

mdedruli sawyisebis urTierTSepirispirebas: `mziuri gmirebi da lomebi 

urTierTis adekvatur simboloebad gvevlinebian. lomi solaruli 

Zalebis simboloa da mamrul sawyiss ganasaxierebs. nadirobis scenebi, 

sadac lomebi an monadireni dasdeven irmebs, unda ganvixiloT rogorc 

bunebis kvdoma-aRorZinebis simboluri asaxva. maTi dapirispirebiT 

gamosaxulia deduri da mamuri pirvelsawyisebis kosmogoniuri 

principebi~(85,35). marTalia, am konkretuli magaliTiT avtori mgel- 

ZaRlis simbolos ar axsenebs, Tumca, vfiqrob, yvela ufleba gvaqvs, rom 

mgelica da ZaRlic aseve solaruli Zalebis mamrul simbolod aRviqvaT, 

miT umetes, rom `kolxur-yobanur balTebze gamosaxuli ZaRlebi 

ZiriTadad gamosaxulni arian “nadiris devnis” procesSi, winswrafvis 

xazgasmiT, farTo dakiduli yurebiT, romlebic ukanaa gadayrili 

rbenisas, ukan aprexili kudebiT da daRebuli xaxiT~ (68,297). ZaRlebis 

`mamruli xasiaTi~ vlindeba erT svanur saaxalwlo ritualSic, 

romelsac qalebi asruleben: àxali wlis Rames qalebi wminda vedrebas 

(wyilian limzir) asrulebdnen. qalebi am dros bavSvebs, kacebs, ZaRlebs 

saxlSi ar ayenebdnen. kar-fanjaras gadaketavdnen, raTa ar smenodaT 

kacis xmac ki, maSin dideba moiSleboda. aseT pirobebSi acxobdnen 

lamariaS lemzirs~(103,185). sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, isic movigonoT, rom 

xevsuruli tradiciiT, Tuki ojaxSi nanatri vaJi daibadeboda, mas 

`mgelikas~ arqmevdnen, rac am cxovelis `mamrul~ xasiaTs kidev erTxel 

mogvagonebs: `xevsureTSi saxels saeklesio kalendris mixedviT mRvdeli 

62

arqmevda. magram, amasTanave, mSoblebi bavSvs xevsurulsa da xatis 

saxelsac arqmevdnen. magaliTad, visac vaJi ar ebadeba da Semdeg 

gauCndeba, xSirad mas daTvias an mgelikas arqmeven, radganac, xalxis 

rwmeniT, am nadirebis saxelis matareblebs avi da mavne ar 

miudgebao~(56,186). 

rogorc i. surgulaZe SeniSnavs `bunebis ayvaveba warmoidgineboda 

rogorc deda RvTaebisa da mziuri mamrobiTi Zalebis SeerTeba~(85,34). 

Sesabamisad, nadirobis ritualis arqetipuli formebi SeiZleba veZeboT 

miTiuri monadirisa da qalRvTaebis sasiyvarulo istoriis uZveles 

formebSi: `dali da beTqili aris RvTiuri wyvili, dakavSirebuli 

bunebis ganaxlebis gazafxulis dResaswaulTan, msgavsad Sumerulbabilonuri 

iStaris da Tamuzisa, frigiis kibelasi da atisisa, 

berZnuli afrodite da adonisisa. amas mowmobs qarTvelT nadirT 

patronis, xolo Semdeg monadireobis qalRvTaebis siyvaruli mokvdavi 

monadirisadmi, mis mier rCeulis dajildoeba da bolos, monadiris 

tragikuli sikvdili, damowmebuli ara marto beTqilis datirebaSi, 

aramed mravali sxva simRerebiTa da TqmulebebiT~(39,91). uZvelesi 

misteriis eniT, nadirobis ritualSi sasiZo, `rogorc arqauli “mefe” am 

momentSi Wabuk RvTaebas ganasaxierebs da deda RvTaebis wiaRSi miiltvis 

Tavisi miTosuri mowodebis xorcis Sesasxmelad. kosmosuri aRdgenis 

erotiuli ZalebiT Sepyrobili “mefe” is miTosuri monadirea, romlis 

gamosaxulebebsac vxedavT cnobil brinjaos sartylebze. aq aris 

faliuri gmiri, monadire, romlis moqmedeba araegzogamiur garemoSia 

gaSlili (radgan igi faliuria). Tu ras SeiZleba niSnavdes es scena, es 

garkveviTaa naTqvami qarTul da msoflio miTosSi. aq Wabuki “monadire 

mefe” daeZebs Tavis mijnurs, mSvenier qal-RvTaebas, raTa sikvdilis 

fasad mopovebuli siyvaruliT kvlav aaRorZinos miZinebuli qveyana da 

kidev erTi cikli, erTi wre miumatos drois krialosans. qarTuli 

xalxuri qorwili, axali weli, wvimis gamowveva, Tu berikaoba-yeenoba, 

uZvelesi sagazafxulo misteriis saxeSecvlili nairsaxeobebi Tu 

damoukidebel dResaswaulebad qceuli fragmentebi unda iyos.. aseTive 

gadmonaSTi unda iyos CvenTvis “mefis ganadirebis” rituali, romelic 

uZvelesi adreklasobrivi epoqebidan dRemde Semounaxavs qarTvel xalxs. 

kulturis elementis aseTi mdgradoba ara marto miTosur-religiuri 

63

TvalsazrisiTaa saintereso, aramed igi mniSvnelovani argumentia 

kulturul-genetikuri da eTnogenetikuri sakiTxebis kvlevisas~ (85,129). 

amrigad, mdedrul da mamrul sawyisTa sakraluri kavSiri, viTarca 

ganayofierebis umaRlesi aqti, romlis gvirgvinicaa qorwili, 

alegoriuli saxiT, nadirobis sceniT gadmoica. vfiqrob, aRniSnuli 

wiTel zolad gasdevs qarTul miTsa da zRapars. sayvarel mijnuramde 

savali gza xSirad faTerakebiTa da winaaRmdegobebiT aris aRsavse. 

tyeSi, viTarca pirvelad qaosSi dabrunebiT, sakraluri nadirobiT, 

mamakacma erTgvari iniciacia unda gaiaros, unda ganiwmindos da 

amaRldes, raTa Tavisi gulisworis Rirsi Seiqmnas, raTa `moinadiros~ 

misi guli. aq naTlad Cans qalis kultis primati erTi mxriv, xolo 

meore mxriv ki, mamakacis mudmivi `mzaoba~ da qalis mudmivi `lodini~. 

poema `vefxistyaosani~ amis naTeli magaliTia, roca nestan-darejani 

tariels sayvedurobs: `bediTi bneda, sikvdili ra mijnuroba ggonia 

sjobs, sayvarelsa uCvenne saqmeni sagmironia~(80,377). 

mSvenier andromedes rom SeeuRlos persevsma jer mis dasaxsnelad 

gveleSapi unda moakvdinos (18,43). es miTologema universaluria mravali 

xalxis eposisTvis. Tuki movigonebT gveleSapismmusvrel RvTaebaTa 

solarul sawyiss, aRniSnuli naTlad miuTiTebs imazed, rom gveleSapis 

mokvdinebiT, romelic xTonur, qvesknelur wylebs ganasaxierebs, sasiZo 

rogorc `mziuri gmiri~ xelmeored ìSveba~, ganwmendilia da mzadaa 

sakraluri qorwinebisTvis, Sesabamisad, Tamamad imsaxurebs `nefis~ 

titulsac. qarTul xalxur zRaprebSi, xSirad mefis qaliSvilis glexis 

biWze miTxovebiT xazgasmulia isic, rom `nefis~ titulatura ar 

iTvaliswinebs socialur aspeqts, igi mTlianad sakralur-religiuri 

wiaRidan iRebs saTaves. 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, kidev erTi niuansia yuradsaRebi. qarTul 

zRaprebSi, mzeTunaxavis dasaxsnelad wasul gmirs zogjer satrfo ise 

uyvardeba, rom mas arc ki icnobs. xSirad mas sizmrad euwyeba xolme 

Tavisi sakraluri misia _ gansacdelisgan daixsnas mzeTunaxavi. gmirSi 

aRiZvreba siyvaruli da es siyvaruli Zlierdeba sasurveli qalis Ziebis 

procesSi, winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevis gzaze... vfiqrob, am erTi SexedviT 

umniSvnelo detalSi, Tavad sakiTxis arsia moTavsebuli. aq 

64

mniSvnelovania Tavad siyvarulis principi: aqtiuri, mamruli da pasiuri, 

mdedruli energiebis SerwymiT srul iqmnas adamiani. 

vfiqrob, amiranis xalxuri eposi sainteresoa sakiTxis SeswavlakvlevasTan 

dakavSirebiT, miT umetes, rom amiranze Tqmuleba samonadireo 

eposs ekuTvnis. RrubelTbatonis qaliSvilis – yamaris motacebiT, 

samonadireo eposs bunebrivad eqsoveba `saqorwilo motivic~. Tuki 

amirani yvela niSnis mixedviT `mziuri gmiria~, sainteresoa, rom yamaris 

saxeSi SeiZleba `mTvaris~ saxels mivakvlioT: `sabas ganmartebiT, 

`yamari~ arabuli sityvaa da qarTulad mas `mTovare~ - mTvare ewodeba. 

Svid cTomilTa Soris mTovare – yamar – lunas pirveli adgili 

uWiravs~(105,217). amrigad, SesaZloa amiranisa da yamaris SewyvilebiT, 

gadmocemuli iyos mzisa da mTavris, igive dRisa da Ramis, mamruli da 

mdedruli energiebis urTierTSepirispireba. 

rogorc aRiniSna, qarTvel mecnierTa mosazrebiT, miTiuri 

monadirisa da nadirTRvTaebis sasiyvarulo Tavgadasavali 

dakavSirebulia bunebis ganaxlebis gazafxulis dResaswaulTan, 

Sesabamisad monadire viTarca `RvTaebrivi~ meqorwile Tavisi arsiT 

ukavSirdeba kvdomad da gacocxlebad adresagazafxulo dReobaTa 

RvTaebebs: `qorwili iyo sakraluri aqcia, romelsac yvela meqorwile 

wyvili `mefisa da dedoflis~ rangSi ahyavda. warmodgenaTa es sistema 

aisaxa xalxuri saqorwilo ritualebis rTul struqturaSi, aseve 

adresagazafxulo misteriaSi, romelic `berikaoba-yeenobis~ saxeliT 

sruldeba yvelierSi da ganfenili iyo miTosur droSi `mefis~ 

simboluri sikvdilidan aRdgenamde da `dakarguli~ dedoflis 

dabrunebamde. dResaswauli yofaSi groteskuli formiT tardeba, rac mis 

seriozul socialur datvirTvaze migvaniSnebs. meore mxriv, am sistemis 

naxevari TamaSdeboda dakrZalvis xalxur ritualebSi, romelic mokvdavi 

RvTaebis datirebis gegmiT imarTeboda kerZo sagvareulo organizaciaSi, 

kerZo piris gardacvalebisas, an mTel saxelmwifoSi mefis 

gardacvalebisas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am or momentSi vlindeba 

qarTvelTa winaqristianuli miTosisa da religiis yvela ZiriTadi 

warmmarTveli principi, romelTa realizacia yovelTvis xdeboda 

niuansuri saxecvlilebiT, Sesabamisad eTno-socialuri garemosi~ (85,207). 

65

naTqvamTan dakavSirebiT, magondeba berikaobis ciklis rituali, 

romelic afxazeTSi dadasturebul erT samonadireo rituals saocrad 

Camohgavs (es ukanaskneli imiTaa sainteresoa, rom masSi vlindeba mgel- 

ZaRlis gamanayofierebeli funqcia). berikaobis `dResaswaulis dros, 

zogjer mTavar berikas bewvs gamoaglejen da diasaxliss miscemen. am 

bewvs diasaxlisi saqonlis bagaSi, wiwilebis sabudarSi Cadebs da amiT 

mTeli wlis manZilze qaTmebisa da saqonlis gamravlebasa da ojaxis 

dovlaTsa da xvavs daibedebs~(81,33). axla movigonoT afxaz monadireTa 

rituali: àfxazebis rwmeniT, tyis mxecebi da nadiroba eqvemdebareba 

gansakuTrebul RvTaebas – aTeiSpas, romelsac locviT mimarTaven 

nadirobis win, ris Semdegac monadire ZaRlis bewvs cecxlSi wvaven, amiT 

TiTqosda surT ZaRlebsac miaRebinon monawileoba am samonadireo 

ritualSi~ (68,295). safuZveli gvaqvs vifiqroT, rom monadire ZaRlis 

bewvis dawva iRbliani nadirobis da Sesabamisad nayofierebis `garanti~ 

unda yofiliyo; garda amisa, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom Tavad ZaRli, 

RvTaeba _ aTeiSpas zoomorfuli saxe SeiZleboda yofiliyo, vinaidan 

swored RvTaebisadmi locvis aRvlenas mosdevda ZaRlis bewvis dawva, 

romelic albaT nayofierebasTan dakavSirebuli berikas bewvis 

TanabarRirebuli xat-simbolo iyo. 

amrigad, rogorc damowmebuli masalidan irkveva, nadiroba, romlis 

sakraluri aspeqti saqorwilo ritualSic vlindeba, bunebis Zalebis 

aRorZinebasTan da nayofierebasTanaa dakavSirebuli; aRniSnuli 

damajereblobas matebs Cvens mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom miTiuri 

monadireebisa da maTi Tanmxlebi ZaRlebis arqetipuli saxeebi, 

qarTvelTa uZvelesi solaruli rwmena-warmodgenebidan unda iRebdes 

saTaves. amasve isic gvafiqrebinebs, rom nadirTRvTaebis mdedruli 

korelati TandaTan wminda giorgis mziur-gamanayofierebelma kultma 

Caanacvla, romlis miTo-religiur saxeSi mgel-ZaRlis simbolo aseve 

aqtiurad vlindeba. 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolos gamovlenaa raWaSi SemorCenili qarTuli 

xalxuri leqsi, romelic `qarTuli folkloris kidev erTi uZvelesi, 

originaluri Zeglia, dakavSirebuli monadireobis xanasa da kultTan. es 

aris leqsi `qalsa visme erqva SroSani~. `yurSas~ leqsis msgavsad, es 

66

leqsic saferxulo Sesrulebisaa da mas raWaSi dRemde saweso xasiaTi 

aqvs SerCenili. am ferxuls iseve, rogorc beTqilis ferxuls, svaneTSi 

aRebis Ramis wina dRes asrulebdnen qalebi. am dRes qalebi dilidan 

arc saWmels da arc wyals ar ekarebodnen. am leqsis da kidev ramdenime 

saweso sagazafxulo simReris mReriT qalTa ferxuli soflis yovel 

saxls moivlida, xolo saRamos yvelieri iwyeboda. mTa raWis mTqmelTa 

mowmobiT, es ferxuli ZiriTadad qalTa mier sruldeboda, rac agreTve 

mis arqaulobas mowmobs~(39,68). 

rogorc e. virslaZe SeniSnavs, `yurSas Tqmulebisa da misi miTiuri 

saxis gaSifvris Semdeg ixsneba am leqsis siuJeti~(iqve), vinaidan ès 

sadidebeli himni, romelsac gazafxulze monadireTa ferxuli 

asrulebda, warmoadgens vedrebas qalRvTaebisadmi, raTa man mouvlinos 

monadires RvTaebrivi frTosani lekvi, yornis an qoris jadosnuri 

bartyi, romelic monadires iRbals moutans da mis bednier nadirobas 

uzrunvelyofs~(39,178). 

movigonoT am leqsis Sinaarsi: 

`qalsa visme erqva SroSani. 

xuTsa TiTsa ecva beWedi. 

beWdis Tvalsa moli mosula, 

molis Tavsa naZvi asula, 

naZvis wversa qors bude edga. 

bude iyo, abreSumisa, 

kvercxi hqonda iagundisa, 

gamosCeka margalitisa. 

RmerTo, erTi CemTvis gazarde, 

gazarde da gaakeTe, 

CemTvis amyofe. 

sxva aTasi sxvas gauzardeo, 

sanadirod – gza gauwafe, 

sanadirod wasuliyos, 

moklas iremio~ (39,69). 

leqsis sxva variantSi, miTosuri yurSas dabadebis motivi ukeT ikveTeba: 

67

`bude iyo, bude iyo 

abreSumisao: 

kvercxi hqonda, kvercxi hqonda 

iagundisao; 

lekvi Ceka, lekvi Ceka 

margalitisao. 

RmerTo erTi, RmerTo erTi 

CemTvis gazardeo, 

gazarde da damimTavre, 

karga mimyofeo~(39,70). 

sainteresoa e. virsalaZis mosazreba imis Taobaze Tu `vin aris is 

`qali vinme SroSani~, romelsac xuTsa TiTsa ecva beWedi, beWdis Tavs ki 

moli da molze naZvi mosuliyo es igive nadirT patronia, romelsac 

ukve nayofierebis RvTaebis, bunebis batoni qalis niSnebi aqvs. monadire 

xan mas, xan mis zoomorful saxes – qors mimarTavs TxovniT, naqebi 

sanadiro ZaRlis yurSas movlenis Sesaxeb. mas SesTxovs, budeSi 

margalitis kvercxidan gamouCekos lekvi, romelsac igi nadirobaSi 

gamoiyenebs. Cven ukve viciT, mravali Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, rom aseTi 

lekvi monadirisTvis sanatreli iyo~(39,70). 

aRniSnul saritualo leqss, garda samonadireo daniSnulebisa, 

unda hqonoda RvTaebriv-gamanayofierebeli funqciac, rac xazgasmulia 

imiT, rom misi Sesruleba emTxveoda gazafxulis dadgomas. RvTaebrivi 

yurSas `dabadeba~ alegoriuli saxiT aseve unda yofiliyo 

dakavSirebuli berikaobis ciklis adresagazafxulo dResaswaulebTanac. 

mokvdav da gacocxlebad RvTaebebTan dakavSirebiT, gavixsenoT e. 

virsalaZis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom àm kultebis safuZveli iyo 

warmodgena bunebis yovelwliuri sikvdilisa da ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. 

monadireobis xanaSi igi ukavSirdeboda nadiris, rogorc adamianis 

ZiriTadi sasicocxlo wyaros klebas zamTarSi da mis gamravlebasgamoCenas 

gazafxulze. amiT aixsneba zoomorfuli saxeebis siuxve am 

miTebSi. aqteonis, adonisis, atisis sikvdili nadirTan an 

monadireobasTan aris dakavSirebuli. mesaqonleobis ganviTarebasTan 

68

erTad bunebis sikvdilisa da ganaxlebis Sesaxeb warmodgena 

mcenareulobis RvTaebas daukavSirda. am warmodgenebs gansakuTrebuli 

mniSvneloba mieca miwaTmoqmedebis xanaSi~(39,93). 

amrigad, samonadireo eposi arsobrivad ukavSirdeba 

adresagazafxulo dReobaTa cikls da am ciklis mTavar personaJebs. 

leqsSi `qalsa visme erqva SroSani~ es kavSiri cxadliv aris mocemuli, 

razedac msurs sagangebod gavamaxvilo yuradReba. 

pirveli, rac leqsSi ipyrobs yuradRebas aris is, rom RvTaebrivi 

lekvis dabadebas win uswrebs sakraluri xis amosvla, romelsac deda 

RvTaebis xeli `Sobs~. RvTaebis `xeli~ Semkulia im `beWdiT~, romelSic 

akumulirebulia miTosuri suraT-xatebis mTeli wyeba, romelic, Cemi 

varaudiT, solaruli rwmena-warmodgenebidan unda iRebdes saTaves. aq 

beWedi deda RvTaebis insigniaa, romelsac konkretuli funqcia akisria. 

sanam uSualod xis simbolikaze gadavalT, SevexoT beWeds, kerZod ki 

`beWdis Tvals, razedac iSleba araCveulebrivi suraTebis wyeba: beWdis 

Tvalsa... moli mosulao; molis Tavsa, naZvi asulao, naZvis wversa... qors 

bude edgao, xolo budeSi qors margalitis kvercxebi ewyo~(5,97). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, sagulisxmoa b. abaSiZis mosazreba imis Taobaze, 

rom `Tvali~ da `margaliti~, romelic leqsSi Segvxvda, Zvirfasi qvebis 

nairsaxeobas miekuTvneba da maTSi adamianebi keTil sulier arsebebs 

gulisxmobdnen... kaxeTSi aris TeTri giorgis taZari. gadmocemiT es 

saxeli mitom Serqmevia, rom iq, sadac dRes taZaria, adre tye yofila da 

Sig TeTri qva debula wminda giorgis gamosaxulebiT... amiranis eposis 

svanur variantSi xSirad gvxvdeba `TeTri klde~, rogorc wminda adgili. 

migvaCnia, rom svani swored sulier qvas (brols) gulisxmobs, roca 

`TeTr kldes~ warmoTqvams `dali kldeSi mSobiarobs~~(5,.97). 

niSandoblivia, rom `brolis sxvadasxva saxeobas xSirad vxvdebiT 

saqarTvelos mTianeTis niSnebsa da sakulto adgilebze: bevri xatis 

niSze awyvia mTis brolis qvebi, bevrgan ki wveri TeTri qvisa aqvs. 

xevsureTSi dResac SemorCenilia micvalebulis saxelze niSis an 

sasmeli wylis gamoyvanis wesi; aseT niSebze TeTr qvebs vxvdebiT. saxlis 

aSenebis dros cdiloben, kedelSi TeTri qva Caayolon... yazbegSi brolis 

ganTqmuli maZieblebi arian... aqaurebis azriT, `broli kldeze 

izrdeba~~(5,98). broli, qristanobis Semdegac inarCunebs sakulto 

69

xasiaTs, vinaidan `brolze, rogorc sulier ZalTa Semcvelze, Sua 

saukuneebis qristianuli eklesia aRar miuTiTebs, magram saeklesio 

inventarSi ki aucilebel nivTad iTvleba~(5,99). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, zemoTmoyvanili citatis avtori 

Segnebulad amaxvilebs yuradRebas brolis sakulto mniSvnelobaze, 

vinaidan erTi mxriv, masTanaa asocirebuli qalRvTaeba dalis 

`mSobiarobis ambavi~, xolo meore mxriv ki, rac Zalzed sainteresoa, 

broli asocirebulia cecxlTan, rasac RvTaebriv-gamanayofierebeli 

mniSvneloba eniWeba, Tundac Cvens mier ganxilul saweso leqsSi, Tuki 

RvTaebis beWdis Tvals brolad aRviqvamT: `klde simagrisa da Zlierebis 

simboloa, misi umaRlesi saxeoba brolia – naTeli, gamWvirvale, spetaki; 

kaJi ki (brolis saxeoba) naperwklis bude da energiaa... brolis rogorc 

qvisa da kldis umaRlesi saxis mniSvneloba cecxlur energiaSi 

mJRavndeba. sulieri Zalebic cecxlovani energiiTa da naTebis unariT 

gamoirCevian~(5,16). aqve, Cemi mxriv, imasac davsZen, rom brolis magaliTiT 

Tu vimsjelebT, Zvirfasi qvis sinonimad naxmari `Tvali~ swored am 

ukanasknelis mziur-cecxlovan da Tu gnebavT `RvTaebriv-sulier~ 

xasiaTs (Tundac zemoTmotanili leqsis saweso xasiaTidan gamomdinare) 

usvams xazs, radganac Tvali, rogorc xedvis organo, mudam mzis 

manaTobel semantikaSi ganixileba. amasTanave, `Zvirfas qvaze rogorc 

sulier arsebaze, amboben: Tu Suqi dakarga, `qva mokvdao~, rac ufro 

Zvirfasia qva, miT ufro Zlieri sulieri Zalebis samyofelad 

igulisxmeba~(5,106). swored Tvalis mziuri semantikis xazgasmiT aris 

gadmocemuli didi dedis astraluri bunebac, rogorc amas SeniSnavs i. 

kikviZe: `samele kldis kviristavebis ganxilvis dros aRvniSne, rom 

kviristavi, borbali, Tvali – mzis simboloebia. am mxriv, sainteresoa 

Tvali, romelic Zveli civilizebuli xalxebis warmodgenebSi mzis 

sinonimi Cans, aseve qarTulSi sadac mzes, rogorc n. mari aRniSnavs, 

saerTo fuZe aqvs ”mzerasTan” da mnaTobis garda Tvalsac aRniSnavs. 

xramis “didi goris” anTropomorful figurebs saxeze yvelas 

reliefurad Tvalebi aqvT gamoyvanili, romlebic amave dros, 

inkrustirebulnic arian. vfiqrob, Tvalebis aqcentirebas simboluri 

mniSvneloba aqvs da xazgasmulia mze-RvTaebis da “didi dedis” erToba, 

“didi dedis” astraluri buneba~ (44,161). 

70

Tuki davuSvebT varauds, rom deda RvTaebis beWdis Tvali brolis 

qvisaa, aRmoCndeba, rom am sakulto qvis saxeli da Sesabamisad misi 

`sulieri Tvisebebic~, leqsis miTosuri qargis Tanmimdevrobis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, `beWdad azis~ qoris budeSi gamoCekil lekvebsac. 

marTlac: àRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi gavrcelebul tragikulad 

daRupul monadiris ciklidan erT-erT TuSur variantSi monadiris 

ZaRls almasa hqvia... ZaRlis saxeli almasa (almasi Zvirfasi qvis 

brolis nairsaxeobaa) iseve, rogorc ZaRlis meore saxeli brolia 

(broli mTis Zvirfasi qva savaraudebelia frinvel borasagan 

nawarmoebad) orbis lekv yurSas identur miTur arsebebze 

migvaniSnebs~(5,103). 

axla SevexoT leqsSi molidan amozrdili xis sakiTxs. b. abaSiZis 

azriT, `moyvanil leqsSi naZvi `sicocxlis xed~ aris nagulisxmebi. 

`sicocxlis xis~ wverze miTuri frinveli budes ikeTebs da margalitis 

kvercxebs sdebs~(5,101). sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aseve sainteresoa e. 

virsalaZis mosazreba, rom àl. robaqiZis mowmobiT, monadire dalis 

mimarT locvas naZvis xis qveS asrulebda xolme. naZvis xe mcire aziasa 

da saberZneTSi wminda xed iyo miCneuli. misi kulti saberZneTSi swored 

nadirobis qalRmerTis artemides saxels ukavSirdeboda. gansakuTrebiT 

Zlieri iyo naZvis kulti frigiaSi, sadac igi uZvelesi, nayofierebis 

qalRvTaebis kibelas xed iyo miCneuli~(39,71). avtorisve mosazrebiT 

`nadirT patronis saxes ukavSirdeba CvenTan naZvis kultic, romelic 

artemides saxelTanac iyo dakavSirebuli. naZvis qveS loculobs 

monadire. naZvis xe ixsenieba Cvens mier ukve garCeul saferxuloSi 

`qalsa vismes~, rogorc RvTaebis sadgomi da RvTaebrivi yurSas gaCenis 

da monadiris mier misi povnis adgili. akad. a. SaniZis mier Cawerili 

erT-erTi svanuri TqmulebiT, dali da monadire, tyeSi darCenili 

monadire xedavs rogor gaipo Suaze wifela da xidan dali gamovida. 

dalim monadire qorwilSi waiyvana, diliT ki isev wiflis xeSi Sevida. 

meore dRes monadirem 9 jixvi mokla~ (39,97). 

aqve droulia gavixsenoT svaneTSi kvirias adre sagazafxulo 

dReobaTa ciklSi gavrcelebuli muryvamoba-kvirieobis rituali (85,109), 

roca specialurad zeimisTvis agebul Tovlis koSks swored naZvis toti 

an jvari amSvenebda, rogorc nayofierebis simbolo; or banaks Soris 

71

Semdeg imarTeboda Sejibri; saiTac gadaingreoda koSki im wels xvavi da 

baraqa imaT darCebodaT. sakraluri xis motivi Tan erTvis 

adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklis, mokvdavi da gacocxlebadi 

RvTaebebis kultmsaxurebas. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, niSandoblivia, rom 

ìeroglifur-luviur damwerlobaSi, sadac Zvelanatoliuri miTebis 

Taviseburi asaxvac mowmdeba, am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT yuradRebas 

imsaxurebs is garemoeba, rom sakuTari saxelwodeba `telefinu~ 

ieroglifur-luviur damwerlobaSi xis gamosaxulebiTaa warmodgenili, 

xolo mokvdavi da aRorZinebadi RvTaeba telefinus miTis daskvniTi 

nawilis erT-erT centralur Temas swored xeze (eiaze) am RvTaebisadmi 

msxverplad Sewiruli cxvris tyavis (sawmisis) Camokidebis rituali 

Seadgens (113,161). 

sakraluri xe did rols TamaSobda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos 

mTaSi, xatSi yrmis pirvelad miyvanis dros, roca xdeboda `naTloba~ da 

Sesabamisad, sruldeboda yrmis Temis sruluflebian wevrad gaxdomis 

rituali, romelic `misambareos~ ritualiTaa cnobili: ``misambareos” 

ritualSi mTavari momenti iyo sruliad SiSveli bavSvis `droSaT 

sabrZan koSkTan~ dadgmuli droSis qveS `Segoreba~. SiSveli yrmis 

Segoreba jvris xis qveS arsebiTad misi xisgan Sobis simulacias 

warmoadgens, xolo astraluri religiis ganviTarebis maRal safexurze 

igi dakavSirebulia solarul kultTan da sicocxlisa da nayofierebis 

xes warmoadgens~ (81,176). 

v. bardaveliZis azriT, `bavSvis droSis qveS Segorebis momenti, 

mibarebis wesSi misi Sobis simulacias gamoxatavda erT dros sakulto 

xis, Semdeg ki jvar-xatebisa da maTi ganmasaxierebeli droSis mier. 

mTlianad wesi ki bavSvis RvTaebisadmi (totemuri xis, sakulto xis, 

jvar-xatis da misi ganmasaxierebeli droSisadmi) miSvilebaSi 

mdgomareobda~(36,95). 

aRvniSnoT, rom sakraluri xe ritualSi xSirad droSiTaa 

Canacvlebuli, romelic praqtikulad mis analogs warmoadgens: `droSas 

àlvis tani~ ewodeboda, rac miuTiTebs am sagnis kavSirze RvTaebaTa 

karze amosul, RvTaebaTa sabrZanisis miTiur xesTan~(81,177). berikaobayeenobis 

ritualSi droSas, rogorc `sicocxlis xis~ dublikats, 

gamanayofierebeli misia ekisreba: `rodesac yeens wyals asxamen, gaiZaxian: 

72

`nam, nam, mosavali, wvima, mosavali.“ wyliT xalxis `ganaTvla-dasveleba~ 

ician agreTve droSis meSveobiTac. droSis damtarebeli, `mebairaxtre~ 

droSas wyalSi daasvelebs da xalxs gawuwavs~(81,59). 

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom droSa sakraluri xis identuria, erT 

xevsurul miTologiur warmodgenas saintereso paraleli eZebneba Cvens 

mier warmodgenil saweso leqsTan: `qalsa visme erqva SroSanio~. kerZod, 

am warmodgenis mixedviT: `droSa qaluri warmomavlobis sagniT aris 

àgebuli~; mis SeqmnaSi monawileobs qalis xeli, romelic droSis 

ganaTvlis Semdeg mas verasodes Seexeba~(81,177). albaT, am qaluri 

sawyisis mosagoneblad `droSas ebmis qalTagan Senawiri. rac mTavaria, 

droSas àSenebs~ sakadrisebi (an samkadroebi), romlebic qalis 

Sesamoselis nawils Seadgens~(iqve). 

niSandoblivia, rom mas Semdeg rac droSas qali `Sobs~, is ukve 

mamrul xasiaTs imkvidrebs. berika-yeenis xelSi droSas, iseve rogorc 

xis xmals, ukve falikur-gamanayofierebeli funqcia eniWeba. rogorc j. 

ruxaZe SeniSnavs, àstraluri niSnebiT gamoxatuli droSa da sakulto 

xe (xati) simbolurad gamoxatavs keTildReobas, siuxves, sicocxles, 

ganaxleba-aRorZinebas. igi ukavSirdeba qarTvelTa uZveles warmodgenebs 

sicocxlis xis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmadac, xe qveynierebisa da misi 

mudmivi kvdoma-ganaxlebis simbolo iyo~(81,173). 

xe, rogorc kvdomisa da ganaxlebis simbolo, qarTul leqsikaSi 

aisaxa iseT gamoTqmaSi rogoricaa: dabelva, gadabelva, xis gasxvlis, 

gamxmari totebis moSorebis mniSvnelobiT, rac TavisTavad gulisxmobs 

aRorZinebis ideas. dabelvaSi unda bel fuZe gamovyoT, romelic iv. 

javaxiSvilis miTiTebiT, igive ber fuZea, davanebuli mokvdavi da 

aRdgenadi RvTaebis – berikas saxelSi. am sakiTxze sagangebod 

amaxvilebs yuradRebas J. eriaSvili: `qarTul enaSi mibareba niSnavs 

vinmes, an raimes mosavlelad, sapatronod, aRsazrdelad micema, rac 

srul SesatyvisobaSia wesis Sesrulebis axlandel daniSnulebasTan. 

magram vfiqrob, SesaZlebelia ufro adreuli safexuris gamoyofac. 

mibarebaSi bar – sityvis Ziria, romelic iv. javaxiSvilis ganmartebiT 

bara mcirewlovanebis, Svilobis aRmniSvnelia. niSandoblivia, am mxriv, 

rom bere WanurSi Svils ewodeba, xolo megrulsa da qarTulSi 

SemorCenilia gvarebsa da saxelebSi, rac “saqarTveloSi Zvelad beris, 

73

viTarca Svilis, anu Zis aRmniSvnel sityvis, arsebobas amtkicebs”. iv. 

javaxiSvilis azriT, barasa da beres fonetikur saxesxvaobas 

warmoadgens daTvis Svilis saxelad qceuli sityva belic. rodesac 

axali norCi totebis gamosatanad da erTnairi ganaxlebis mizniT xes 

Zvel totebs SeaWrian, amas dabelva ewodeba. es saxelzmna, ra Tqma unda 

imave belisgan aris nawarmoebi da am SemTxvevaSi es sityva xis axal, 

norC totebs gulisxmobs. es garemoeba cxadyofs, rom belsac winaT 

zogadi mniSvneloba hqonia da odesRac igi marto daTvisa ki ara, aramed 

saerTod naSobis gamonayofis gamomxatveli yofila~(36,97). 

rodesac xis `ganaxlebis~ mizniT naxmar zmnas _ dabelva, vudarebT 

daTvis Svilis saxels beli da am ukanasknelSi zogadad Svilierebis 

saxels vxedavT, rac sruli WeSmaritebacaa am sityvis Wanuri 

mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, ar unda dagvaviwydes isic, rom daTvi 

kvdomadi da aRdgenadi RvTaeba – berikas erT-erTi zoomorfuli 

simbolocaa, romlis niRabic berikas ritualSi arcTu iSviaTad 

figurirebs. Tuki movaxdenT sakiTxis kidev ufro dakonkretebas, daTvis 

Svili – beli ara mxolod Svilierebis simboloa, aramed sikvdilisa da 

kvlav dabadebis simboloc, rac niuansuri sizustiT gadmoica ukve xis 

gasxvlis mniSvnelobiT naxmar zmnaSi – dabelva/gadabelva. 

naTqvamis sailustraciod gavixsenoT, rom `kaxeTSi imarTeba taxis 

gasamarTleba, romlis drosac taxi da berika Widaoben, Tbilisis satios 

ubnis berikaobaSi, imarTeboda qorwili, sadac taxi qorwindeba, sxvagan 

mgeli da daTvi klaven taxs, an taxi klavs romelime berikas, romelic 

Semdeg cocxldeba... d. janeliZem sagangebod miaqcia yuradReba im 

garemoebas, rom berikul TamaSobebSi zoomorful niRabTagan yvelaze 

Warbad daTvisa da taxis amsaxveli masalaa Semonaxuli. man es 

misteriebi RvTaebaTa kvdoma-aRdgenis specifikur ciklSi moaqcia da 

taxisagan mokluli adonisis miToss daukavSira~(85,100). aRniSnuli, i. 

surgulaZisve mosazrebiT, `TvalsaCinod adasturebs qarTuli ritualis 

elementTa uaRres arqaulobas da farTod ganfenilobas Zveli 

msoflios kulturebSi. safiqrebelia, rom qarTvelTa winaprebi 

ZvelTaganve mWidro kulturul urTierTobaSi unda yofiliyvnen TavianT 

mezoblebTan. maTi miTologia, religia da xelovneba im epoqisaTvis 

tipiuri da saerTo Tvalsazrisis safuZvelzea aRmocenebuli da 

74

Camoyalibebuli, rac bunebrivia didi kulturuli siaxlovisa da mWidro 

eTnokulturuli procesebis fonze unda momxdariyo~ (85,264). 

maradmwvane, sicocxlis xis simbolikaze msjeloba bunebrivad 

gvaaxlovebs mgel-ZaRlis kultTan, vinaidan qarTul xalxur leqsSi: 

`qalsa vismes erqva SroSanao~ miTiuri yurSas dabadeba swored 

maradmwvane xis kenweroSi xdeba. rogorc sakulto xeSi davinaxeT 

sikvdil-sicocxlisa da bunebis aRorZinebis miTiuri xatebebi, vfiqrob, 

analogiuri suraTi unda gvqondes mgel-ZaRlTan dakavSirebiTac, radgan 

kvdomisa da gacocxlebis - berikaobis ritualSi droSasTan erTad, 

romelic `sicocxlis xis dublikatia~, aseve monawileobs mgel-ZaRlis 

niRbebic, razedac qvemoT dawvrilebiT visaubrebT. 

75

3) mgel-ZaRlis simbolos mimarTeba kvdomad da aRdgenad RvTaebebTan 

erTi qarTl-kaxuri saweso simRera Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT 

Zalzed Camohgavs Cvens mier ukve ganxilul leqss: `qalsa vismes erqva 

SroSanao~. am leqsSi motanili miTosuri siuJeti iSleba maranSi, sadac 

sicocxlis xis darad àlvis xe~ amodis da zed bulbulia Semomjdari. 

n. abakelia am leqsis siuJets samoTxis xatebas ukavSirebs: 

ìagundis maranSia 

Sig Rvino da lali bWviso, 

Sig alvis xe amosula, 

norCia da Stosa Sliso, 

zed bulbuli Semomjdara, 

gasafrenad frTasa Sliso~(2,118). 

leqsis saweso, nayofierebasTan dakavSirebuli Sinaarsis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSic, àlvis xeSi~ unda 

vigulisxmoT maradmwvane kviparosis xe, romelic Tavisi funqcionaluri 

datvirTviT leqsis miTosur Sinaars ufro esadageba. alvis xis kavSirs 

kviparosTan xazs usvams n. abakelia: ~sainteresoa sakraluri xis xateba 

alvis xis saxiT, romelic uflis (sxva SemTxvevaSi romelime 

RvTisSvilis) karze amosula. ukanaskneli kvlevebis mixedviT, alvis xe, 

romelic surnelovnebiTaa ganTqmuli da RvTis msaxurebaSi farTodaa 

gamoyenebuli sakmevelSi, aseve maradmwvane xis mniSvnelobis 

matarebelicaa da igive kviparozia~(2,116). maranSi aRmoceneba imazec 

migvaniSnebs, rom àlvis xis~ saxiT SesaZloa nagulisxmebi iyos vazic, 

romelic aSkarad mziur semantikaSia moqceuli; gaviTvaliswinoT isic, 

rom aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi gavrcelebul erT saweso simReraSi, 

RvTis karze amosuli àlvis xe~ igive ~yurZenia~, `vazia~: 

`Cveni xTisSvilis karzeda 

xe alva amosulao, 

wverad mausxam yurZeni, 

saWmelad Camosulao, 

76

misi uWmeli qal-vaJi udrood daSaulao~(2,117). 

davubrundeT maranSi amosuli xis motivs da gavixsenoT v. 

bardaveliZis xedva zemomotanil leqsTan dakavSirebiT. avtoris 

mosazrebiT, leqsSi naxsenebi marani unda ukavSirdebodes didi dedis - 

nanas da misi Tanmxlebi RvTaebebis – batonebis, samyofels - `mzis baRs~, 

sadac ia-vardi da TuTis xeebi xarobs(12,79). naTqvamis sailustraciod, 

avtors mohyavs saweso simReris erTi fragmenti: ìisa da vardis baRSi 

batonebi brZandebian, batonebsa sufra nebavT garSemo Zlier morwyuli~. 

aq naxseneb `baRSi~ v. bardaveliZe Ria, sazafxulo marans xedavs, 

romelic qarTvelTaTvis stumris miRebis sapatio adgilad 

iTvleboda(12,80). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, sainteresoa Tu rogoria didi dedis baRi 

da ra miTo-religiuri saxeebiTaa is datvirTuli: `В легендах ето царство 

называется «страной господ» (batonebis qveyana), вариантах песни в честь Наны – 

«садом господ» (batonebis baRi), а в сказках «садом солнца» (mzis baRi). Под 

последним термином разумеется сад божественной семьи, которая по одной кахетинской 

сказке состоит из представителей трех поколений: матери больших светил дня и ночи 

(mzisa da mTvaris deda), солнца, луны и трех дочерей солнца (sami mzis qali); 

кроме того, при них находятся бог грома и молнии Элия, волк и «золотой баран» 

(oqros verZi/oqros erkemali). В «саду солнца» в одно и то же время одни растения 

находятся в цвету, другие опадают, а на иных висят спелые плоды(zogi mwife iyo, 

zogi maSina yvaoda, zogi maSin ifoTleboda, zogs ki Camohdioda)~ (12,78). 

zemoT moyvanili citata mravalmxriv sainteresoa. jer erTi 

aRvniSnoT, rom Tuki maranSi mgel-ZaRli ar figurirebda, mas ukve 

vxvdebiT didi dedis – nanas baRSi; amrigad, RvTaebaTa sadgomSi, iqneba 

es marnis Tu baRis saxiT warmodgenili, mgel-ZaRlis simbolo sapatio 

adgils ikavebs. Tanac yuradReba mivaqcioT imas, rom `mglisgan~ 

Soriaxlos Weqa-quxilis RvTaeba eliacaa, romlis niSnebsac Cvens mier 

ukve araerTxel aRniSnuli miTosuri yurSa atarebs. didi dedas - nanas 

baRis `mziuri~ xasiaTi imazedac migvaniSnebs, rom masSi warmodgenili 

zoomorfuli Tu anTropomorfuli simbolika aseve mziuri niSniTaa 

daRdasmuli. 

77

kidev erTi saintereso aspeqti gaaCnia didi dedis `mzis baRs~, _ 

kerZod, is, rom iq moweuli nayofi, `zogi mwife iyo, zogi maSina yvaoda, 

zogi maSin ifoTleboda, zogs ki Camohdioda~. am sagulisxmo niuansiT 

xazgasmulia baRis samoTxisuli, maradiuli aspeqti, drois ùZraoba~, 

rac gadmoica weliwadis oTxive droisTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan- 

TvisebaTa erTobliobiT. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom baRSi CarTuli 

simboloebic unda atarebdnen maradiul, `RvTiur~ niSnebs. sakiTxavia, Tu 

ras unda ganepirobebina mglis am `rangSi~ ayvana upirveles yovlisa, 

xazi gavusvaT imas, rom qarTvelTa warmarTuli religiuri panteonis 

rogorc mdedruli, aseve mamruli RvTaebebis nebis aRmsrulebleblad 

mgel-ZaRlebi iTvlebian (3,29), ramac daumkvidra kidec am zoomorful 

simbolos RvTaebrivi `statusi~. Sesabamisad, am simbolos aseTi 

mdgradoba missave siZveleze miuTiTebs! 

meorec, rac aseve sainteresoa sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, gaxlavT is, 

rom qarTuli miTosuri xedviT, mgel-ZaRli erTdroulad ciuricaa, 

miwieric da qvesknelTan dakavSirebulic. marTlac, rogorc orbis 

Svili, miTosuri yurSa ciuri ZaRlia, Tanac RvTaebrivi niSnebis mqone, 

radganac oqros yur-tuCi da Weqa-quxilis xma aqvs; caSi naSobi yurSa 

miwaze brundeba da monadiris erTgul ZaRlad iqceva, Tumca 

sabediswero rolsac TamaSobs mis cxovrebaSi. mgel-ZaRlis qvesknelur 

aspeqtTan dakavSirebiT, gavixsenoT kolxuri samyaros mgel-drakoni – 

gveri, romelsac fexebi gvelebisa aqvs da romlis gamosaxulebasac 

kolxur saweso culebze xSirad vxvdebiT. gvelis xTonur bunebaze ki 

isic miuTiTebs, rom mas swored sicocxlis xis fesvebSi udevs bina. aqve 

isic aRvniSnoT, rom miTosur yurSas warbebi gvelebisa aqvs, riTac 

albaT misi xTonuri aspeqtia xazgasmuli. mglis simbolos samsaxovneba 

ukve kavSirs poulobs samyaros xesTan, e.w. Axis mundis-Tan, romelic 

zesknelis, Suasknelisa da qvesknelis sakralur kavSirs warmoadgens. 

samive sknelTan wilnayarobas SeiZleba kidec ganepirobebina mgel- 

ZaRlis simbolos dabinaveba didi deda – nanas samoTxiseul, `mziur 

baRSi~. axla gavixsenoT isic, rom samyaros xis simbolikas unda 

ukavSirdebodes Sesruleba wriuli ferxulebisa, romlebic q. 

alaverdaSvilis miniSnebiT, `gamoxataven mTeli samyaros, vertikalze 

ganlagebuli misi samive donis wrebrunvis ideas Axis mundis-is garSemo, 

78

cisa da miwis kavSirs sakralur centrSi, drois ciklur mdinarebas, rac 

bunebrivia, ukavSirdeba wesrigs, nayofierebas, keTildReobas da a.S.~(6,77). 

naTqvamis gaTvaliswinebiT, adre sagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklSi, yurSas 

sapativcemulod gamarTuli wriuli ferxuli, iseve rogorc misi 

Tanmxlebi sasimRero motivebi, kidev erTi aSkara dadasturebaa mgel- 

ZaRlis simbolos da Axis mundis-is sakraluri kavSirisa. sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT aseve metad sainteresoa mesxeT-javaxeTis sof. udeSi 

dadasturebuli berikaobis ritualSi Sesrulebuli ferxuli, razedac 

yuradRebas amaxvilebs d. janeliZe: `sof. udis berobanaSi kosmogoniuri 

miTosis fenac mkveTrad aris warmodgenili. sof. udis berobanaSi 

ferxuls `samyrelos~ asruleben. berobanas meTauris st. balaxaSvilis 

TqmiT Caviwere: àReba Rames iwyeba parCabmiT ferxuli `samyrelo~: 

_ samyrelo, samyrelo, 

Zirs Camodi samyrelo. 

nu geS, nu geSinia, 

qveS bumbuli gigia. 

_ rogor ar meSinia, 

casa bewviT vkidivar. 

am saferxulo sasimRero-qmediTs dialogSi aSkarad SeiniSneba 

analogia msoflioSi gavrcelebul gadmocemebTan zecidan dedamiwaze 

Camomaval RvTisSvilebis Sesaxeb, rac aqac dafiqsirebulia. 

SesaZlebelia am ferxulSi Semonaxuli iyos cisa da miwis 

daSoriSorebis, gancalkevebis da kavSirgawyvetis miTosis 

natamalic~(118,30). 

amrigad, saweso ferxulis SesrulebiT, TiTqos cocxldeba 

samyaros kosmogoniuri warmodgenebi da sknelTa warmosaxvis meSveobiT 

xdeba `RvTaebrivi Zalebis~, `RvTisSvilebis~ sknelidan sknelSi 

`gadaadgilebac~, rasac unda gamoewvia mosavlianoba, Sviliereba, 

ganayofiereba da a.S., risTvisac iyo kidec gankuTvnili dReobaTa es 

cikli. amitomac, didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda saritualo ferxulebis 

yvela wesis dacviT Catarebas, risi ugulvebelyofac ukve 

mousavlianobis mizezi SeiZleboda gamxdariyo. naTqvamTan dakavSirebiT, 

79

momyavs v. bardaveliZis sityvebi: `Тушины по тому, как исполнялся их 

двуярусный хоровод корбегела и сопровождающая его песня, гадали о будущем: если 

пели нестройно, путались ноги, кто-либо падал с верхнего яруса, словом, если нарушалась 

стройность хороводной песни и пляски – это, по глубокому убеждению тушин, 

предвещало неурожай, падеж скота, болезни среди людей и, напротив, исправное 

исполнение корбегела служило залогом изобилия урожая, размножения скота, 

благополучия и счастья людей~(12,56). 

erTi detalic. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom `mzis baRSi~ naxsenebi 

`sami mzis qali~, aseve sknelTa kavSiris gamomxatveli iyos; maSin Cveni 

warmodgena `mzis baRis~ maradiuli statusis Sesaxeb, kidev ufro 

damajerebeli xdeba. 

Tuki mgel-ZaRli erTgvarad sknelTa makavSirebelia, razedac 

miuTiTebs misi samsaxovneba, rac sxvaTaSoris daculia miTosuri hekates 

saxeSi, romlis atributikaSi swored ZaRlebi figurireben (2,78), aqedanve 

unda iRebdes mgel-ZaRlis, rogorc fsiqopompis aspeqtic, iseve rogorc 

am sakulto cxovelis RvTaebriv-gamanayofierebeli unaric, vinaidan 

bunebis aRorZineba, rogorc davinaxeT, dakavSirebulia sikvdilTan da 

kvlav dabadebis ideasTan, rac adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklis 

mTavari warmmarTveli xazia. 

swored am rwmena-warmodgenebs unda ganepirobebina isic, rom mglis 

tyavi gamoyenebulia RvTaebaTa Tu qurumTa SesamoselSi, romelsac 

vxvdebiT sakulto mniSvnelobis mqone TrialeTis vercxlis Tasze 

gamosaxul saritualo kompoziciaSi, romelic nayofierebasTan unda 

iyos dakavSirebuli. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom Tasze warmodgenil saritualo scenas Tavisi 

saintereso paraleli eZebneba xeTur-xuritul samyaroSi; sanam am 

sakiTxs SevexebiT, manamde aRvniSnoT, rom frizze gamosaxul siuJetSi 

naTlad ikveTeba `sicocxlis xisa~ da mgel-ZaRlis simbolos 

urTierTkavSiri, rasac sagangebod aRniSnavs v. bardaveliZe: `Посколько 

божества племени взращены на волчьей тотемической основе, между древом изобилия и 

этими божествами могла существовать генетическая близость: в верованиях 

охотничьего периода породившего тотемных волков, естественно, последние должны 

были связываться с лесом и деревьями~(12,105). avtors miaCnia, rom Tasze 

gamosaxuli ceremoniis siuJeturi qarga qarTvelTa religiuri panTeonis 

80

uZvelesi rwmena-warmodgenebis fonze iSleba, sadac mglis tyaviT 

Semosili 22 anTropomorfuli figura igive RvTisSvilebi SeiZleba 

iyvnen, xolo `sicocxlis xis~ Soriaxlos dabrZanebuli mTavari RvTaeba 

asocirdeba `morige RmerTTan~, romlis ferxTiT mwoliare cxovelebi 

arian igive `mwevrebi~, _ rogorc viciT, uzenaesi RvTaebis nebis 

aRmsruleblebi. amave azrs iziarebs i. kikviZec: `qarTul sagaloblebSi 

araerTgzis aris moxseniebuli RvTis karze amosuli venaxi. TrialeTis 

Tasze gamosaxuli xe RvTis karze amosuli sicocxlisa da nayofierebis 

xea. procesia gamoxatavs “sadidebelTais”, romelsac saTemo RvTaebebi 

asruleben satomo RmerTis karze. pirganieri WurWeli ludis Cxuti unda 

iyos da RvTaebebic wminda luds svamen; samsxverploebTan mwoliare 

cxovelebi ZaRlebi – “mwevrebia”. figurebi aSkarad totemisturi 

warmoSobisani arian, maT niRabi ki ara mglis Tavebi aqvT~(44,183). 

Tu raoden Zvelia mglis simbolo amazed miuTiTebs v. 

baradevliZis TqmiT isic, rom meore aTaswleulis Sua periodis 

religiur rwmena-warmodgenebSi, anTropomorfuli RvTaebebi jer kidev 

inarCuneben totemur cxovelTan erTgvarovnebas (12,115). 

`sicocxlis xis~ motivi da mglis simbolos warmoCena upirobod 

unda mianiSnebdes imas, rom Tasze gamosaxuli kompozicia bunebis 

kvdoma-aRorZinebis sakraluri, miTo-religiuri suraT-xatia. 

Sesabamisad, samonadireo motivi am kompoziciaSi ukve meoraxarisxovan 

elfers iZens: `b. kuftini Tasze gamosaxul scenas nadirobis kults 

ukavSirebda da am mosazrebis gasamarTleblad imowmebda kudebs, 

romlebic Tasze adamianis figurebs aqvT, Tumca iqve dasZenda rom 

`samiwaTmoqmedo-mesaqonluri xasiaTi TrialeTuri kulturisa~, 

pirvelsawyis samonadireo RvTaebas transformirebuls warmogvidgenso. 

b. kuftini mjdomare figuris ukan mdgar xis gamosaxulebas iqidan 

gamomdinare wylis ori nakadiT `wminda~ anu `sicocxlis xes~ uwodebda 

da Tvlida, rom igi unda yofiliyo atisis fiWvi, an osiris batas 

wyalTan gazrdili kedari, an kidev tyis mbrZanebeli xumbabas 

kedari~(16,133). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, metad sainteresoa m. beriaSvilisa da z. 

sxirtlaZis mtkicebuleba imis Taobazed, rom ritualis nawili, 

romelic TrialeTis Taszea gamosaxuli, `xeTur-xurituli samyarosaTvis 

81

esoden damaxasiaTebeli, sikvdil-sicocxlis ciklTan dakavSirebuli 

erT-erTi ritualTagania~(16,141). avtorebi imTaviTve usvamen xazs imas, 

rom `xeTur-xuritul samyaroSi sxvadasxva ritualebSi monawileoben 

adamianebi, romelTac cxoveluri aspeqti gaaCniaT, cxoveluri adamianebi 

arian. esenia: `ZaRlis, `mglis~, `lomis~ xalxi~(16,137). vrclad moviyvanoT 

avtorTa mier warmodgenili ramdenime rituali: 

ìseTi xeTuri sezonuri dResaswaulebis dros, rogoric iyo 

vurulia, kilami da sxva, ritualebSi monawile xalxTan erTad xSirad 

dasaxelebulia `mglisa~ da `ZaRlis~ adamianebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom es 

sicocxlis ganaxlebis ritualebia. Sewyvetili sicocxle kvlav 

iRviZebda, igi axlidan ibadeboda am ritualTa Sesrulebis dros, mefis 

win ZRveniT gaivlidnen sxvadasxva (kategoriis) adamianebi, maT Soris 

`mglis~ adamianebi. 

erT-erT teqstSi dasaxelebulia nivTebi, romlebic `mglis xalxis~ 

da ritualis sxva monawileTa mieraa Sewiruli, an maTTvisaa 

gankuTvnili. anTaxSum ritualis dros, rogorc Cans, `ZaRlis xalxs~ 

saCuqrebs urigebdnen. 

erT xeTur teqstSi, romelic `ciTxaria dResaswauls~ exeba 

dasaxelebulia `ZaRlis xalxis~ mier ZRvnad moyvanili msxvilfexa 

saqoneli. sayuradReboa, rom cxoveluri `xalxi~ ritualebSi sxvadasxva 

`xalxTan~ erTad iRebda monawileobas. ra Tqma unda, maT 

gansakuTrebuli movaleoba ekisrebodaT, magram araviTari upiratesobiT 

ar sargeblobdnen. maTi daswreba aucilebeli iyo ritualis 

Sesrulebisas. xSir SemTxvevaSi es `xalxi~ yefda (`ZaRlis xalxi~), 

ymuoda (`mglis xalxi~) an cekvebs asrulebda. 

xeTur ritualebSi dadasturebulia cxovelur `xalxTan~ erTad 

imave saxelwodebis cxovelebis monawileobac, amasTanave sxvadasxva 

liTonisagan damzadebuli cxovelTa figurebis gamoyenebac. `xalxi~ 

imoseboda im cxovelebis tyaviTa da niRbebiT, romlebsac ganasaxierebda. 

ganmasxvavebeli atributi ritualis dros sxva kategoriis adamianebisgan 

aucilebeli iyo. 

es ritualebi rogorc aRiniSna aris sicocxlis ganaxlebis 

ritualebi sikvdil-sicocxlis brunvis ciklisa. sainteresoa kidev erTi 

82

– luviuri rituali, romelic Tavisi daniSnulebiT sruliad 

gansxvavebulia, magram misi arsic, Cveni azriT, igivea. am rituals 

ewodeba carfias rituali, vinme mkurnal (LÜ A.ZU) carfias mixedviT, 

romelic am ritualis mTxrobelia. es rituali dakavSirebulia navs 

weliwadTan, rodesac qalaqebSi sikvdilianoba matulobs. maSin `saxlis 

batoni~ (BEL BITTIM) asrulebs msxverplSewirvas TxiTa da RviniT. 

rituali gankurnebasTan, qalaqSi sicocxlis aRdgenasTan aris 

dakavSirebuli. amaze is faqti miuTiTebs, rom am ritualSi erT-erT 

RvTaebad dasaxelebulia inaruanTa, rac warmodgeba xeTuri zmnis 

inarawahh-isagan da `mxned, kargad yofnas~ niSnavs. carfias ritualSi 

Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs monakveTi, sadac Semdegi epizodia aRwerili: 

`...isini mas samsxverplo magidaze dayrian da win Rvinos daRvrian da rva 

axalgazrda biWi mova. qali ukve adrevea wasuli. maTgan erTi 

axalgazrda biWi Txis tyavs moisxams da Semdegnairad gaakeTebs: win da 

ukan ivlis da mgliseburad iymuvlebs. Semdeg magidas atrialeben da 

beWsa da mkerds (xorcs) SeWamen~. 

es ritualic sikvdil-sicocxlis brunvis ciklSi Tavsdeba imitom, 

rom aqac sicocxlis aRdgenasTan gvaqvs saqme. aq, sadac ar monawileobs 

TviT `mglis xalxi~ axalgazrda biWi mglisebr (UR.BAR.RA-ili) ymuis da 

dadis. aqac saWiroa am cxovelis erTgvari àrseboba~. aqac, iseve 

rogorc zemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi, es aris mTavari moqmedeba 

ritualisa, masTan erTad sruldeba sxva mravalic. 

ara marto sikvdil-sicocxlis ciklis erTi nawilis, kerZod, 

sicocxlis ganaxlebis ritualebSi iRebda es `xalxi~ da TviT es 

cxovelebi monawileobas. am cxovelTa (kerZod ZaRlebis) monawileoba 

dadasturebulia agreTve dakrZalvis (e.i. sikvdilis) ritualebSi. es ki 

kravs am cikls. aq yuradRebas vamaxvilebT `mglis xalxze~ imitom, rom 

Cveni azriT, swored aseTi adamianebia gamosaxuli TrialeTis vercxlis 

Tasze, magram esec rom ar iyos, ara marto es `xalxi~ aramed saerTod 

xeTur-xuritul samyaroSi am ritualSi monawile sxva kategoriis 

`xalxic~ am ciklis orive nawilis ritualebSi monawileobs; es 

gasagebicaa, es xom erTiani, mTliani, ganuyofeli ciklia~(16,139). 

83

sainteresoa m. beriaSvilisa da z. sxirtlaZis mosazrebac Tasze 

gamosaxul `sicocxlis xis~ motivTan dakavSirebiT. sakiTxis aqtualobis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, srulad momyavs citata damowmebuli naSromidan: 

`mjdomare figuris ukan gamosaxul mcenares yvela mkvlevari 

uwodebs `sicocxlisa da nayofierebis xes~. gansxvaveba mxolod imaSi 

mdgomareobs, rom zogierTi mecnieri mas miiCnevs vazad, xolo zogierTi 

_ Cveulebriv xed. winaaziur, kerZod xeTur-xuritul samyaroSi 

principuli sxvaoba ar aris imaSi, vazi iqneba es, Tu ubralo xe, da ai 

ratom. 

xeTur teqstebSi, romlebic dakrZalvis ritualebs exeba, Cven 

vxvdebiT adgils, sadac laparakia vazis moWraze. vazs Wrian maSin 

rodesac sicocxle kvdeba, adamiani gardaicvleba. am kerZo SemTxvevaSi, 

mefis an dedoflis gardacvalebis dros, vazs axveven qsovilis naWerSi 

da wvaven, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas `kremacias~ ukeTeben, raTa manac igive 

gza gaiaros, romelsac gaivlis gardacvlili. igi xom Tavidan iSveba, 

oRond exla ukve sxva rangSi, RvTaebis rangSi. vazic raRa simbolo 

iqneboda sicocxlisa, Tu igi samudamod moispoboda; misi gzac msgavsia 

mefe-dedoflisa, igi mxolod droebiT ubrundeba Tavis pirvelsawyis 

mdgomareobas, raTa axlidan iSvas. da marTlac axali sicocxlis 

gaCenasTan erTad vazic irgveba. sasaxlis samSeneblo ritualis teqstSi 

naTqvamia, rom axali sasaxlis aSenebisas vazi unda dairgas... amave dros, 

rogorc samSeneblo ritualSi, aseve dakrZalvis ritualebSi naxsenebia 

marad mwvane xe eia. vazis msgavsad isic unda dairgas. 

xis gamosaxulebas ara marto TrialeTis Tasze, aramed saerTod am 

periodis sxva nivTebzec, CvenSi uklebliv yvela specialisti 

sicocxlisa da nayofierebis xes uwodebs, Tumca winaaziuri miTologia, 

saerTod lursmuli wyaroebi, amis ase gagebis ara Tu saSualebas, 

uflebasac ki ar iZlevian. umetes SemTxvevaSi, xe ganasaxierebs kosmiur 

RerZs. CvenTvis saintereso SemTxvevaSi, ukeTes variantSi igi aris 

siuxvisa da siZlieris simbolo (mefis ojaxs iseve mZlavrad unda 

hqondes gadgmuli fesvebi, rogorc am mcenareebs aqvs); simbolo da ara 

sicocxlisa da nayofierebis xe. es ukanaskneli rom bibliamde sxva 

wyaroebSi ar gvxvdeba, germanelma mecnierma h. gengem Suamdinareuli 

84

lursmuli wyaroebis analizis safuZvelze aCvena. TrialeTis Tasze rom 

marTlac siuxvisa da siZlieris simbolo da ara sicocxlisa da 

nayofierebis xe unda iyos gamosaxuli, amas adasturebs zemoT naxsenebi 

xeTuri ritualebis monacemebi, romelTa mixedviT ara vazi da xe 

warmoqmnian sicocxles, aramed isini sicocxlesTan erTad iSvebian da 

misi siZlieris ganmasaxierebeli simboloebi arian~(16,141). 

amrigad, xeTur ritualebSi, romlebic sikvdil-sicocxlis 

maradiul cikls exeba, mgel-ZaRlis simbolos wamyvani funqcia eniWeba. 

sainteresoa zemoT damowmebul avtorTa mosazrebac, amave cikls 

daukavSiron TrialeTis Tasis sakulto semantikac. 

xeTuri ritualebis elementebic bevr saerTos naxulobs qarTul 

masalasTan. ase magaliTad, anTaxSum ritualis dros, `ZaRlis 

xalxisTvis~ saCuqrebis darigeba, erTgvarad mogvagonebs berikaobis 

ritualSi, berikasa da misi amalis dasaCuqreba-gamaspinZlebis tradicias; 

berika/yeeni erTgvarad `xarkis amkrefadac~ gvevlineba. sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT, j. ruxaZe SeniSnavs: `wesi iyo karze mosuli berikebis 

guluxvad gamaspinZleba. miuxedavad amisa, isini saxlebSi mainc 

Serbodnen da sursaTs itacebdnen. maspinZeli berikebs arays da Rvinos 

daaZalebda, ojaxs daalocvinebda, sanovagiT da sasmeliT daasaCuqrebda. 

Tu berikebi nadavliT da ZRvniT ukmayofiloni iyvnen, berika an 

dResaswaulis romelime wevri ezoSi gagordeboda, rac cudi ambis 

momaswavebeli iyo: egonaT, maT ojaxs im wels baraqa ar eqneboda. 

sanovagiT datvirTuli berikebi axla sxva ojaxs miakiTxavdnen~(81,68). 

xeTur masalasTan mimarTebiT, sainteresoa isic, rom qarTul 

ritualSi `ZaRlisTaviani~ berikebis arsebobac dasturdeba; aseT 

berikebs xelSi skivri-kidobani uWiravT, rogorc kvdoma-gacocxlebis 

erTgavri simbolo: `ganayofierebis, Svilierebis Zalis sadidebel wessaxiobis 

simbolikaSi kalaTas, kasrsa, sacersa da gudasTan erTad 

skivric (kidobanic) unda movixsenioT. studiel m. TofuriZis CanaweriT 

(1935), berikaTagan `ramdenime maTgani gamowyobili iyo Zvelman 

tansacmelSi ZaRlis niRbebiT, romelTac skivri eWiraT xelSi. am 

skivrSi saciqvels (samaxaroblos) fulsa da sxvadasxva Sesawiravs 

85

aTavsednen~. skivri-kidobani warmoidgineba rogorc akvani an kubo da mas 

sikvdil-sicocxlis simbolos mniSvneloba eZleva~(118,48). 

xeTur ritualebSi, ritualis Sesrulebas (ciTxarias rituali) Tan 

axlda cekvebi, romelTa sakulto funqciebidan gamomdinare, es 

ukanasknelni SeiZleba davukavSiroT Cvens ferxulebs, romlebic yurSas 

sapativcemulod ewyoba: aq ritualSi dafiqsirebuli `ZaRlis xalxis~ 

miTosur saxeSi SesaZloa swored `yurSas mrevli~ vigulismxoT; Tuki 

yurSas samonadireo motivebsac gavixsenebT, ciTxarias ritualSi 

~ZaRlis xalxis mier ZRvnad moyvanili msxvilfexa saqoneli~ SeiZleba 

aseve nadirobis ritualis erTgvar analogiad miviCnioT, romelSic 

ganayofierebis elementebi uxvad moipoveba. qarTul-xeTuri masalis 

siaxloves aseve adasturebs xeTur miTologiaSi frTiani yvav-ZaRlebis _ 

`kursas~ arsebobac, romlebic pirdapir mogvagoneben orbis mier naSob 

qarTul - yurSas(107,229). sxvaTaSoris, igive nadirobis ritualis motivi 

SeiZleba davinaxoT carfias luviur ritualSi: roca axlagazrda biWi 

Txis tyavs moisxams da Semdeg mglisebr ymuils iwyebs, amiT SeiZleba 

swored ganayofierebis aqts gadmoscemdes. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, 

Zalzed sayuradReboa mesxe-javaxeTis folkloruli masala, kerZod 

berikaobis analogiuri, berobanas adgilobrivi rituali, romelSic 

samonadireo elementebis gaTvaliswinebiT, vlindeba mgel-ZaRlis 

adgilobrivi simbolo: `saxilveli berobanas sawyisi, albaT, 

ukavSirdeboda sameurneo mniSvnelobis monadireobas, rodesac 

monadireebi nadirTRvTaebis dasamwyalobeblad warmosaxavdnen 

nadirobas. sof. udis moxucebi gviamboben, rom iq Zvelad `daTvobias~ 

TamaSobdnen, xolo udis arqeologiuri masala da mesxeTSi Cawerili 

xalxuri leqsebi miuTiTeben irmisa da ZaRl-mglis totemur 

warmosaxvaze~(118,23). 

irmis, rogorc sakulto cxovelis, gamosaxulebebi gvxvdeba 

TrialeTis cnobili Tasis qveda frizzec, rasac m. beriaSvili da z. 

sxirtlaZe aseve xeTur kulturas udareben: 

èrT-erT xeTur teqstSi, romelSic aRwerilia nuntariasxa 

rituali, Cven vxvdebiT adgils, sadac saubaria aRniSnul ritualSi 

irmebis monawileobaze. ritualis es nawili tardeba q. arinas mzis 

86

RvTaebis taZarTan: `mefe Camodis etlidan, dgeba asvlis adgilas, mis 

garSemo mocekvave trialebs, Semdeg igi irmebis win gaivlis. meriqifes 

uWiravs WurWeli da asrulebs msxverplSesxurebas irmebis win~. 

rogorc vxedavT, am ritualSi monawileoben irmebi, rac 

maniSnebelia ganaxlebuli sicocxlis gazafxulis ritualisa. irmebis 

kavSiri mzis RvTaebasTan ki ufro Zvelia da midis protoxeTur 

sawyisebamde. irmebis monawileoba mzis RvTaebasTan dakavSirebul 

ritualebSi dasturdeba sxva xeTur teqstebSic. Cvn aq aRar SevudgebiT 

imis kvlevas, Tu ratom ukavSirdebian irmebi mzis RvTaebas, saerTod 

mzes, amjerad es Cveni kvlevis sagans scildeba. magram mTavaria is, rom 

irmebic monawileni arian mzis RvTaebisaTvis esoden damaxasiaTebeli 

sikvdil-sicocxlis ciklisa (iremi mzis simbolos gansaxierebaa). 

amdenad, TrialeTis Tasis or frizze gamosaxuli procesebi erTmaneTTan 

erTi da imave miTiuri cikliTaa dakavSirebuli~(16,141). 

Cemi mxriv, davsZen, rom xeTur ritualebSi sxvadasxva liTonisagan 

damzadebuli sakulto cxovelTa figurebis gamoyeneba, razedac zemoT 

visaubreT, nebsiT Tu uneblied, gvabrunebs mesxeT-javaxeTis sofel 

udeSi, romelic esoden saintereso informaciis damtevi aRmoCnda xeTurqarTuli 

paralelebis TvalsaCinoebisaTvis: `sof. udis berobanas am 

fuZe-fenis gamovlenisTvis gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa udeSi 

arqeologiuri ganZis mopoveba. Zv. w. XII-X ss. udis ganZis erTi nawili 

Seicavs mxatvrulad damuSavebul nivTebs, maTze gamoxatulia 

fantastikuri ZaRlis (Tu mglis) da irmis gamosaxulebani. 

xelovnebaTmcodne al. javaxiSvilma da arqeologma t. CubiniSvilma udis 

ganZis nivTebze Sesrulebul gamosaxulebaTa axsnisas Semdegi azri 

gamoTqves: `fantastikuri atributebiT aRWurvili ZaRlisa da irmis 

gamosaxuleba uTuod unda ukavSirdebodes odesRac realurad sameurneo 

mniSvnelobis mqone monadireobas, ramac SemdegSi Taviseburi arekvla 

ganicada totemur warmodgenebSi; magram, cxadia, rom droTa 

ganmavlobaSi am warmodgenebma dakarges Tavdapirveli azri da misma 

nivTierma gamoxatulebamac TandaTanobiT wminda dekoraciuli saxe 

miiRo~(118,23). 

87

sagulisxmoa, rom qarTulma xalxurma poeziam erTad asaxa mglisa 

da irmis sakulto mniSvneloba, romlis arqaul xasiaTs xazs usvams d. 

janeliZe: ìrmis da ZaRl-mglis totemuri Tu miTologiuri warmosaxvis 

gadmonaSTTan dakavSirebiT yuradRebas iqcevs mesxeTSi Cawerili 

xalxuri leqsi: 

awyverSi daviarebi, 

rogorc iremi rqiani, 

nadirsa vwyvetam, musrs vaden 

vefxvi, focxveri, mgelkaca 

pirgableSvili Riani. 

zoomorfuli saxierebis anTropomorfulTan sinTezis 

TvalsazrisiT, aseve yuradRebas iqcevs `mgelkacas~ dakonkreteba iv. 

gvaramaZis mier mesxeTSi Cawerili leqsiT: 

Walas viyav mimavali, 

Worats Wanmglebs gadveyare, 

damibnelda oriv Tvali. 

amgvarad ìremi~, `mgelkaca~, `Wanmgeli~... `mgelmuxla beri~ rom 

totemuri gadmonaSTis iers atarebs, kargad exmianeba udis ganZis 

nivTebze fantastikuri cxovelebis mxatvrul gamosaxulebas da, rogorc 

Cans, didi xnis manZilze inarCunebs cxovelmyofelobas~(118,24). 

kidev erTxel davubrundebi TrialeTis Tasze gamosaxul 

`sicocxlis xis~ motivs. masSi m. beriaSvili da z. sxirtlaZe metwilad 

xedaven `kosmiur xes~ da askvnian, rom es ukanaskneli unda iyos 

`siuxvisa da siZlieris simbolo da ara sicocxlisa da nayofierebis xe~. 

Tumca, Tavad `sicocxlis xis~ motivi arc Tu Sors unda idges `samyaros 

xis~ Semecnebisgan. daviwyoT iqidan, rom `samyaros xe~, rogorc sknelTa 

makavSirebeli, maradiulobis simboloa, iseve rogorc am ukanasknels 

ukavSirdeba `sicocxlis xis~ gamosaxulebac, romelic RvTis baRSi, 

edemSia rguli. `sicoxlis xe~ SeiZleba iyos rogorc vazi, aseve 

maradmwvane kedari an naZvi, igive àlvis xe~, razedac ukve gvqonda 

88

saubari. 

TrialeTis Tasze `sicocxlis xis~ axlos mdinaris motivi kidev 

ufro aZlierebs am xis samoTxiseul gagebas, vinaidan qarTuli rwmenawarmodgenebiT, 

suleTSi mdgar xes aucileblad wyaro Camoudis: 

`TeTri cixe dga suleTSi, 

wveri cas mimdinaria, 

maganeT alvis xei dgas 

caSi miudis wveria; 

bolozed veSa wyaro dis, 

sasmelad gemnieria; 

madliann mavlen, wyalsa smen, 

codviann mwyurvielnia.~ (24,91) 

Sesabamisad, Tasze gamosaxul kompoziciaSi, logikuria, rom es 

`maradiuli xe~ mTavar RvTaebasTan iyos darguli, romelic siuxvisa da 

nayofierebis momcemia. qarTul xalxur leqsSi, romelic Cven cota 

zemoT davimowmeT, àlvad amosuli xis~ nayofis – yurZnis miReba 

axalgazrda wyvilisTvis aucilebelia, raTa isini udrood àr 

daSavdnen~. aq `yurZnis miReba~ igive maradisobasTan ziarebaa. gavixsenoT, 

rom meore xalxur leqsSi, maranSi amosuli xis motivi v. bardaveliZem 

daukavSira didi deda nanas samoTxiseul `mzis baRs~, sadac 

mglisTvisacaa sapatio adgili gankuTvnili. Sesabamisad, TrialeTis 

Tasze `sicocxlis xis~ Soriaxlos `mwevar-ZaRlebis~ arsebobac 

qarTuli religiuri rwmena-warmodgenebiTa da miTo-poeturi saxeebiTaa 

ganpirobebuli. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, saintereso unda iyos zemoT 

damowmebuli leqsis kidev erTxel gaxseneba: 

ìagundis maranSia 

Sig Rvino da lali bWviso, 

Sig alvis xe amosula, 

norCia da Stosa Sliso, 

zed bulbuli Semomjdara, 

gasafrenad frTasa Sliso~ 

89

ferTa simbolikis gaTvaliswinebiT, leqsSi `lalis~, wiTeli feris 

SemotaniT, romelic qarTuli miTosuri warmodgeniT, Suasknelis 

simboloa(24,87), SesaZloa adgili hqondes `samoTxis xis~ igive didi deda 

nanas `mzis baRis~ alegoriuli suraT-xatis `miwier~ konteqstSi 

gadmotanas. sagulisxmoa, rom leqsSi saocari ubraloebiTa da amave 

dros siRrmiseuli wvdomiT mocemulia `maradisobis~ aspeqti. aq siuJeti 

xom arc warsulSi da arc momavalSi, aramed `mudmiv~, awmyo droSia 

fokusirebuli: wiTlad elvarebs Rvino, amosuli norCi alvis xe `Stosa 

Sliso~, zed Semomjdari bulbulic `gasafrenad frTasa Sliso~; aq 

maradiuli àwmyo~ maradiuli qmnadobisa da ganayofierebis ideiTaa 

TiTqos SenivTebuli. 

`kosmiuri xis~ motivze saubrisas, aseve yuradsaRebia isic, rom 

Sumeruli miTologiis Tanaxmad, mefe-qurumi `kosmiuri xis~ funqcias 

asrulebs da misi Zlevamosileba gaTanabrebulia kedaris xesTan. 

movigonoT SumerTa mefis, ur-ninurTas xeldasxmisas mis mimarT 

gamoTqmuli qaTinauri: `rCeulo kedaro, mSvenebav equris ezoisav, urninurTa, 

Sens Crdils Sumeris qveyana mowiwebiT Seuvrdes!~(45,125). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aseve Zalzed sainteresoa lagaSis VI dinastiis 

mmarTvelis gudeas (Zv.w. 2143-2124ww.) qandakebis teqsti, sadac SumerTa 

saxelovani mefis erT-erTi insignia aris kverTxi, romelzedac 

`samTaviani ZaRlia~ gamosaxuli: `...qimaSis mTaSi spilenZi amoTxara, 

misgan kverTxi `nubenuili~ gaakeTa, meluxadan nekerCxali wamoiRo da 

daamuSava, zanimis lodi wamoiRo, misgan kverTxi saxelwodebiT 

`samTaviani ZaRli~ gaakeTa, oqros madani wamoiRo, kaparWi daamzada. 

...wamoiRo, gubinidan, tirifebiT dafaruli mTebidan, tirifebi wamoiRo, 

`saxuravis SesaniSnavi frinveli~ daamzada~(108,54). amrigad, SumerTa 

mefis `samTaviani ZaRlis~ kverTxi, romelic SesaZloa sami sknelis 

kavSirze miuTiTebdes, iseve rogorc ur-ninurTas kedaris xesTan 

gaigiveba, TanabarRirebuli miTo-religiuri xat-simboloebia, rac 

qarTul eposTan poulobs erTgvar analogs, Tundac Cvens mier 

ganxilul xalxur leqsSi: `qalsa vismes erqva SroSani~, sadac mgel- 

ZaRlisa da maradmwvane xis simboloebi erTamenTs ejaWveba. 

dabolos, TrialeTis Tasze gamosaxuli RvTaebebis mglis tyavis 

90

samoseli kidev erTxel gvaxsenebs, rom mglis simbolos samsaxovnebidan 

gamomdinare, razedac ukve visaubreT, RvTaebebic, Tu RvTisSvilebic 

Sesabamisad, samive sknelis gamgeblebi arian; sknelebs Soris maTi 

gadaadgileba ki alegoriulad unda asaxuliyo adresagazafxulo 

dReobaTa ciklSi gamarTul sarTulebian ferxulebSi. `sicocxlis xis~ 

motivi, edemSi, igive suleTSi darguli maradiuli xis analogiaa, 

romelic sknelTa makavSirebel `samyaroseuli xis~ gagebas bunebrivad 

ukavSirdeba. 

91

2. mglis sakulto-ritualuri gamovlineba qarTul eTnografiul 

sinamdvileSi 

1) `mgeljixvaoba~ da `mgelTuqmeoba~ 

qarTulma miTo-religiurma sistemam Semogvinaxa `mglis uqmed~, 

igive `mgeljixvaobad~ cnobili erTi saintereso rituali, romelsac 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi vxvdebiT: 

àRniSnuli ritualebi mavnebeli cxovelebisa da adamianebis 

sawinaaRmdegod iyo mimarTuli. ase magaliTad, didmarxvis pirvel 

kviraSi TuSeTSi mglis uqmes icavdnen, gaakeTebdnen mogrZo coms, erT 

boloSi xels wauWerdnen viTom Taviao. am coms pirSi qvas Caudebdnen, 

viTom es qva Wame saqonlis nacvlado... am dResve iyo mgel-jixvaoba. 

ufuari comisgan yvela gamoacxobda `mgel-jixvaobis bacukaebs~, mglis 

da jixvis imden gamosaxulebas, ramdeni vaJic yavdaT ojaxSi. SuadRes, 

maT soflis saanjmoSi gaitandnen da garkveuli manZilidan bavSvebi 

isrebs esrodnen. vinc ras moartyamda, mas ergeboda. Tu vinmes im wels 

bavSvi hyavda gardacvlili, adamianis formis gamomcxvar sulis bacukas 

gautanda. vinc mas isars moartyamda, misi mSobeli arays gamoitanda da 

iq myof ufrosebs micvalebulis sulis Sesandobars aTqmevinebda. 

fSavSic am dRes mgelTuqmes icavdnen. kecze cercvs moxalavdnen, 

gamoacxobdnen mglis saxis mgelTkvers, romelsac Tvalebs Savi 

cercvisgan an naxSirisgan ukeTebdnen. zogi kvers wnelis magvar raimes 

Seabamda, TiTqos mgeli dabmuliao. am kvers bavSvebi saniSned 

daayenebdnen da isrebs esrodnen, Semdeg SeWamdnen. vinc pirveli 

moartyamda, ityoda mgeli movkalio. `daukodavi~ kveris Wama, mglis 

gamarjvebas niSnavda~(4,82). 

fSavSi `mgelTuqmeobis~ ritualis Sesaxeb informacias gvawvdis s. 

makalaTia: ``mgelTuqme~-s didmarxvis pirvel SabaTs uqmoben. fSavlebis 

TqmiT, RmerTs mglisaTvis erTi dRe urgunebiao da es dRe kacma uqmad 

unda Seinaxoso. vinc gatexavs, imisi cxvar-Zroxac RvTisagan mglisaTvis 

dalocviliao. amitom mgelTuqme Zlieri uqmea, metadre mwyemsisaTvis, 

romelsac xSirad èxedveba~ mgeli da azaralebs. mgelTuqmeSi 

diasaxlisi aiRebs `gurCs~ - sanay qvas da savarcxels da miakravs 

92

dedaboZs, rom amiT mgeli daixuTebao, zed anTebul muguzalsac 

daaxlis, rom mgels piri daeTuTqoso. zogi cxel kecze cercvsac 

moxalavs, `mgels piri daewveso~. acxoben agreTve mgelTkverebs. 

mgelTkvera mglis saxisaa da mas Tvalebi Savi cercvis an naxSirisa aqvs 

Casmuli. zogi mgelkveras yelze wnelis magvar rames Seabams, viTomc 

mgeli dabmuliao. am mgelTkverebs bavSvebi niSanSi Cadgamen da isriT 

ramdenjerme unda dakodon da mere ki SeuZliaT SeWma. vinc pirvelad 

isars moaxvedrebs, daiZaxebs: `mgeli movkalio~. daukodavi mgliskveris 

SeWma ar varga, es mglis gamarjvebas niSnavso~(58,179). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, m. baliauri da n. makalaTia aseve 

mogviTxroben: `mglis sawinaaRmdegod iyo erTi uqme, romelsac 

`mgelTuqms~ eZaxodnen. gzafxulze, did marxvamde erTi kviriT adre iyo 

`mgelTuqmi~. paraskev dRes, saRamoTi, mzis Casvlis Semdeg dadgeboda 

`mgelTuqmi~ da grZeldeboda erTi dRe. SabaTs, imave dros, ra drosac 

daiWerdnen paraskevs, gavidoda uqmi. roca uqmi dadgeboda yvela 

ojaxSi `biWons~ moxalavdnen (qers, siminds an xorblis marcvals 

moxalavdnen rkinis qvabSi). diasaxlisi, roca biWons xalavda, kovziT 

urevda da Tan ambobda: `RmerTo eeser mautusi mgels piri, rogorc aq, am 

qvabSi iwvebis itusebs es biWonio~. mTeli im xnis ganmavlobaSi, sanam 

biWoni ixaleboda, diasaxlisi kovziT urevda da gaiZaxoda: `RmerTo eesr 

mautusi mgels piri, gamasdagi, gamaxbugi mgels laS-pirio~. rodesac 

gaaTavebda daxalvas da gadmodgamda qvabs, ityoda: `RmerTo, eesr 

gamaufSruki mgels piri, gamaudagen laS-kbilni. nu gaaxareb Cvenis 

saqonis SaWmiTo~. 

amis Semdeg biWons bavSvebs aWmevda, mere saparsvels (makratels) 

bawriT magrad Sekravda da Tan iZaxoda: `RmerTo eesr Saukar mgels 

pirio~. makratels qvis yoreSi Seinaxavda da ityoda: `RmerTo eesr 

gauWedi mgels pir-kbili, rom veRar aRebdas laS-ybaso~. meore dRes, 

roca mgelTuqmi gaTavdeboda, makratels gamoitanda, gaxsnida da ityoda: 

`gavid mgelTuqmi. eesramc gaerTxmis mglis pirio~. mgelTuqmis dros, 

SabaT dRes gamoacxobdnen `baCayuraebs~ (sam an oTx qimian-fexebian 

purebs) da bavSvebs miscemdnen. bavSvebi `baCayurebs~ dadebdnen sadme 

moSorebiT da isars esrodnen. amiT mTavrdeboda mgelTuqmi~(11,132). 

93

vfiqrob, purisgan, xorbleulisgan mglis gamosaxulebis gamocxoba, 

upirvelesad unda miuTiTebdes, rom mgel-ZaRlis simbolos 

saqarTveloSi garkveuli kavSiri unda hqonoda marcvleul kulturebTan 

da SesaZloa am marcvleuli kulturebis `mfarvel suladac~ 

moiazreboda. mgel-ZaRlis simboluri gamovlinebebi da misi solaruli 

aspeqtebi, razedac qvemoT visaubrebT, am varaudis SesaZleblobas ar 

gamoricxavs. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, bunebrivia gavixsenoT T. oCiauris 

mier qarTlSi dafiqsirebuli masala: `ZaRli xalxisaTvis puris 

mompoveblad da sxva sikeTis momtanad gvevlineba... ufro winaT, - 

gviambobs mTxrobeli, _ Camoyrian Turme cidan qadas, nazuqs da xalxi 

imas Wams. erT qals puriT bavSvi gauwmendia (gasvrila bavSvi). gamwyrala 

RmerTi da puri aRar Camouyria zevidan – TviTon moxnano. RmerTs 

Cameevlo da eTqva _ erTi kvali moxani geyofao. mere is ro wavida 

guTnisdedam Tqva _ erTsac movxnav da meoresacao. bevri moxna, 

gamoevlo ieso qristes ukan da eTqva: xaniT, TeseT da ver gaZexiTo. 

pirveli sami kvali rom moexna da daefarcxa, Ziridan esxa TavTavi, 

meore dRes ro bevri moxna, imaze gawyra RmerTi, dausva am TavTavs xeli 

da sxepams. ro aitana Tavamde, ZaRlma Seyefa, rom Cemi lukma mainc 

datoveo. imisaTvis gauSva. exla ro TavTavi marto wverSia, imito aris”. 

`ca rom maRla wasula da lavaSi aRar Camodioda, xalxi damSeula. aRar 

ician puris saxeli. unda uTxran meufesa da aRar ician rogora 

sTxovon, aRar ician rogor dasTeson, mere wasulan da lekvs uTqvia _ 

amaT puri undaTo~ (79,19-20). 

marTalia, `mgelTuqmeoba~ gareuli nadirisgan saqonlis dacvas 

isaxavda miznad, aRniSnuli rituali imavdroulad, mglisadmi, rogorc 

sakulto datvirTvis mqone cxovelisadmi, Tayvaniscemasac unda avlendes. 

amas gvafiqrebinebs is faqti, rom svanuri monacemebiT, v. bardaveliZis 

mixedviT, `mgelTuqmeobis~ ritualis dros, garda imisa, rom cxveboda 

mglisadmi Sewiruli kverebi, aseve warmoiTqmeboda savedrebeli magiuri 

teqstebi da Selocvebi, rac erTi mxriv, emsaxureboda am cxovelis 

gauvneblebas, xolo meore mxriv, mis momadlierebas, albaT swored 

imitom, rom mglebi, svanTa rwmena-warmodgeniT, `didi RmerTis ZaRlebi 

iyvnen~: `...во имя данного класса животных существовали календарные дни запрета 

работы и праздники, называемые у грузин мгелт укми или мгелт квераоба, у сванов 

94

тхероб, литхар или тхереми лампроб, в которые совершались магические действия, 

произносились заклинания и молитвы, преподносились волкам обрядовые хлебцы, а у 

сванов так называемая «волчья порция» гело лагяп, возжигались факелы и т.д. Одни из 

этих обрядовых действий и словесных формул преследовали цель обезвредить, а другие 

задобрить зверей и таким путем уберечь от них скотину... По верованиям сванов, волки 

имелись, например, у «Великого бога» и они назывались «собаками Великого бога», у 

Джгырага и тоже именовались «собаками Джгырага», у Мацхвар и назывались «собаками 

Мацхвар». Сваны обращались к божествам с молитвой не насылать на них своих «собак», 

разумея под последними именно волков божества. Волки – «собаки» часто упоминались и 

в сванских формулах проклятий («да нашлет на того то такое то божество своих 

«собак»)~(12,47-48). 

naTqvamis gaTvaliswinebiT, warmodgenil ritualSi mglis 

gamosaxulebisTvis isrebis daSenas, mis `daTofvas~, SesaZloa aseve 

mglis, rogorc `RvTaebrivi cxovelis~ mimarT Tayvaniscemis konteqsti 

moeZebnos da ar iqnas gagebuli mxolod rogorc mtacebeli cxovelis 

mimarT gamoxatuli siZulvili. gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom mglis 

gamosaxuleba gamomcxvaria purisgan, romelsac qarTuli religiuri 

azrovnebis ganviTarebis yvela etapze Teofagiuri datvirTva hqonda. 

SesaZloa mgel-ZaRlis simbolo erT dros saqonlis mfarvel RvTaebadac 

moiazreboda, rasac erTi mxriv unda mowmobdes balsqvemo svanebSi 

mgelTa mbrZaneblis – mamberis figura, romelic `связывал пасть волкам, 

когда был доволен сванами и, напротив, напускал их на скотину сванов, если сваны 

заслуживали его гнева~(12,47), xolo meore mxriv, xevsureTSi, kerZod 

~xaxmatis jvarSi, `mwevris saflaviT~ cnobili salocavi, sadac 

swiravdnen msxverpls cxvar-saqonlis gamravlebisaTvis. es salocavi 

Savi ZaRlis saxiT hyavdaT warmodgenili. aq ar SeiZleba yuradReba ar 

gavamaxviloT qarTlis cxovrebis XIII saukunis erT qronikaze, romelic 

gvamcnobs, rom didoelebi uniSno, Sav ZaRls scemeno Tayvans~(109,18). 

niSandoblivia aseve, xevsureTSi saqonlis gadenisas mwyemsTa SeZaxili: 

geri, ageri (97,22), rac Zalauneburad gvaxsenebs mglis megrul saxels – 

geri. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, gavixsenoT romaelTa mwyemsTa da jogTa 

mfarveli RvTaebis, favnusis metsaxeli _ luperkusi, romelic `mglebis 

ganmdevnels~ niSnavs; mis sapativcemulod Tebervlis TveSi imarTeboda – 

95

luperkaliebi, romelsac ganwmendis, Svilierebis, nayofierebis 

mniSvneloba hqonda (20,111). 

niSandoblivia, rom totemuri rwmena-warmodgenebis mixedviT, 

sakraluri cxovelis Tayvaniscema SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes winaparTa 

kults(32,236); Sesabamisad, mglisTvis isrebis daSena, misi `daTofvac~ 

SeiZleba mgelTan, rogorc sakulto-totemur winaparTan `kavSiris 

damyarebas~, masTan `sulieri~ ZafiT dakavSirebas, RvTaebriv, totemur 

energiasTan ziarebas niSnavdes. mglis `daTofvis~ am konteqstSi danaxvas 

xels uwyobs amave ritualSi gardacvlili bavSvis saxelze gamomcxvari 

bacukas `monawileobac~. amgvari bacukas isriT `daTofviT~ saiqio 

samyarosTan, `suleTTan~ kontaqti unda momxdariyo, ris Semdegac 

gardacvlilis ojaxis wevrebi ritualSi monawile ìsris msrolelebs~ 

aryiT Sesandobars aTqmevinebdnen. mgelTuqmes rituali moicavs 

nayofierebis elementsac, vinaidan cxveba imdenive puri, ramdeni vaJicaa 

ojaxSi, amitomac marcvleuls, romelic ritualSi monawileobs swored 

biWoni hqvia. moxaluli biWonis, iseve rogorc mgelTkveris, 

bavSvebisTvis sakvebad micema ki SeiZleba aRqmuli iyos rogorc 

`sakulto-totemur cxovelTan ziarebis aqti~, am ukanasknelisTvis Zalis 

droebiT `warTmeva~ da maTi bavSvebisTvis `gadacema~. angariSgasawevia is 

faqtic, rom `daukodavi~ kveris Wama mglis gamarjvebas niSnavda, 

Sesabamisad mglisTvis `nayofierebis warTmeva~ misi gamosaxulebis mqone 

`puris dakodviT~ unda momxdariyo. sxavaTaSoris, mgelTuqmeobis 

rituali rom nayofierebasTanacaa dakavSirebuli amazed unda mowmobdes 

is faqtic, rom am uqme dRes xevsurebs gomuris daxveta ekrZalebodaT _ 

savaraudoa dovlaTis dakargvis SiSiT; aseve am dRes ikrZaleboda rkinis 

nebismieri saxis iaraRis xmarebac. Tuki vinme SemTxveviT mainc ixmarda, 

iaraRisTvis pirze unda ekbina da Sendoba eTxova (aRniSnuli 

mosazrebebi ekuTvnis Satilis mkvidrs, koba WinWarauls, romelic 

Cavwere savele muSaobis dros xevsureTSi 2008 wlis ivlisSi). aRniSnuli 

miuTiTebs imaze, rom mglis simbolos kavSiri unda hqonoda rkinasTan 

da Sesabamisad sabrZolo Tu sayofacxovrebo iaraRTanac. amis dasturia 

Tundac kolxur saritualo culebze mgel-ZaRlebis gamosaxulebebi. 

amrigad, garda im uaryofiTi damokidebulebisa, rac mglis mimarT 

vlindeba, zemoT motanil ritualebSi aseve adgili unda hqondes mglis, 

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ogorc sakulto-totemuri cxovelis mimarT Tayvaniscemis 

gamovlinebasac. aseTi ambivalenturi damokidebuleba sakraluri 

cxovelis mimarT sruliad misaRebia totemuri rwmena-warmodgenebis 

TvalsazrisiT (91,38). 

vfiqrob, saritualo mgelTkverSi unda momxdariyo mzisa da 

cecxlis fitolatriuli da zoomorfuli simboloebis Serwyma, radgan 

`xorbali~ da `mgeli~ mzis sakulto semantikaSia gasaazrebeli. svanuri 

saweso puri lemzir fonetikur siaxloves iCens rogorc mzesTan, aseve 

cecxlTan _ lemesg. aseve mxedvelobaSia misaRebi msgavseba saweso pur 

kversa da cecxlis, sinaTlis mniSvnelobiT naxmar kvars Soris, razedac 

sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas v. bardaveliZe(12,14). sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT, sainteresoa, `puris~ sakraluri kavSiri `marjvena xelis~ 

simbolikasTan. rogorc Teimuraz batoniSvili ganmartavs: `SoTi puri 

swored RvTis samsaxurad SemarTuli kacis marjvenis, mklavis saxed 

gamomcxvari puria~(117,169). aRniSnuli mosazreba exmianeba aRmosavleT 

saqarTvelos mTaSi gavrcelebul gamoTqmas: mxarkveriani, romelic 

meomari arwivis, mebrZoli vaJkacis epiTetia(115,166). imis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

rom saweso `kveri~ sinaTlesTan, mzesTan asocirdeba, vfiqrob, 

`mxarkverianSi~ gadmocemuli unda iyos swored marjvena xelis mziuri, 

`gamanayofierebeli~ aspeqti, rac vlindeba Tundac im faqtiT, rom 

svaneTSi gavrcelebuli tradiciiT, mokluli nanadirevis marjvena beWi 

ewireboda jgrags, wm. giorgis (wm. giorgis solarul aspeqtebs 

dawvrilebiT qvemoT ganvixilavT), romelic monadireTa mfarvelad 

moiazreboda da imavdroulad `mgelTa mbrZanebelic~ iyo(12,48). aqve 

droulia gavixsenoT brinjaos sakidi yobanuri arqeologiuri masalidan, 

romelic warmoadgens gaSlil xels, romelzedac mgel-ZaRlebia 

gamosaxuli (33,69) (sur.#5,6). aq, eWvgareSea saqme unda gvqondes `marjvena 

xelTan~, romelic iseTive `mziuria~, rogorc masze gamosaxuli mgel- 

ZaRlebi. 

puri rogorc ziarebis mTavari atributi pirdapir kavSirSia 

sulTan da `suleTTan~. amis naTeli magaliTia Tundac is, rom 

ritualSi gamoyenebuli `biWoni moxaluli suladia~, rac sulTan avlens 

kavSirs. yuradRebas iqcevs agreTve puris danawevrebis konteqstSi 

gamoyenebuli gamoTqma: `puris dafSvna~, vinaidan rogorc cnobilia, fSa, 

97

fSe marcvlebi sulTanaa dakavSirebuli iseT sityvebSi rogoricaa 

fSvina, safSvinveli da sxv. rogorc i. javaxiSvili SeniSnavs `fSva Zvel 

qarTulad surnelis gamoRebasac niSnavs. yabardoulad suls, 

sicocxles, cxovelur Zalas fse ewodeba, xolo svanurad lifSire, 

Sobas gamravlebas niSnavs~(117,35,38). 

safuZveli gvaqvs vifiqroT, rom qarTul yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi 

ase xSirad naTqvami `puris dafSvna~ imTaviTve unda Seicavdes 

qristianuli evqaristiis, ziarebis ideas. rac Seexeba zemoT moyvanil 

ritualSi mglis `puris sxeuls~, es ukanaskneli naTlad miuTiTebs 

mglis simbolur kavSirze marcvleul kulturebTan da `suleTTan~, 

miTumetes rom purTanaa dakavSirebuli mglis, rogorc fsiqopompis 

aspeqti (2,76). 

puriT ziarebas rom Sorsgadgmuli fesvebi aqvs qarTul 

tradiciaSi, amis dasturia saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli 

adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklis – berikaoba/yeenobis erT-erTi 

rituali: `yeens Tavze daadeben mrgvlad moxveul “Wils” – “Cala-burdas” 

da misive zomis xmiad purs. lxinis damTavrebis Semdeg yeens xmiads 

aaclian, nawilebad daamtvreven da mas mrevlze gaanawileben, raTa 

kargad yofna da mosavlis siuxve daibedon. xmiadis Sesaxeb amboben: 

“pur-wyalia ega glexis sasmel-saWmeli; Tu vinmes uRonobas, sisustes 

SeamCneven, hkiTxaven: yeenis puri ar giWamia, egre rom xaro amboben, 

visac eg uWamia, Ronieric is ariso”. sagulisxmoa moyvanili citatis 

avtoris komentari: `nayofierebis RvTaebisaTvis aRniSnuli puris 

Tavsaburavad xmarebas, albaT, Teofagiuri mniSvneloba hqonda “mzis” 

kveriT ziarebis gamo. yeeni/berika/mefe “mefis” titulis matarebeli, 

RvTaebrivi warmoSobis sakraluri piri nayofierebis RvTaebasTan 

wilnayaria da amdenad Tavsaburavi mrgvali xmiadis saxiT miTosuri mzis 

amqveyniur hipostasad CaiTvleba~ (81, 45, 137). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, angariSgasawevia isic, rom adrebrinjaos 

xanaSi, `gansakuTrebuli adgili arqeologiur gaTxrebSi ukavia ormagi 

kedliT Semofarglul, mrgvali formis nagebobas, romelic dasaxlebis 

yvelaze maRal adgilzea aSenebuli da warmoadgens savaraudod 

xorblis saerTo sacavs. am droisTvis, aseTi Senoba unikalurad miiCneva, 

Tumca xorblis Sesanaxi ormoebis raodenoba, romlebsac igive 

98

daniSnuleba hqondaT, dafiqsirebulia arqeologebis mier sxva 

Zeglebzec~(51,101). am `pirvelyofil beRlebs~ SesaZloa ritualuri 

datvirTvac hqonodaT da warmoadgendnen sakulto mzis analogias, 

razedac unda miuTiTebdes erTi mxriv, maTi simaRleze gaSeneba, xolo 

meore mxriv, maTi wriuli forma. marTlac, `qarTvelTa sarwmunoebriv 

warmodgenebSi wriseburi da mrgvali obieqtebi mzisa da savse mTvaris 

gamosaxulebebTan iyvnen damsgavsebuli da asocirebuli~(6,63). mTaze, 

goraze gaSenebul `xorblis sacavebs~ rom sakulto datvirTvac unda 

hqonodaT, amazed TiTqos unda miuTiTebdes saritualo ferxulis 

saxelwodeba `qorbeRela~. jer erTi ferxulis Sesrulebis tradiciuli, 

wriuli xasiaTi ukve gvabrunebs mzis semantikasTan, meorec yuradRebas 

iqcevs Tavad marcvali qor-i, romelic `qori (gori, gvari) Senobasac 

niSnavs da socialur erTeuls, gvars... romelic maRlobze binadrobda 

da mtkice (socialur) organizacias warmoadgenda~(6,71). amasTanave, 

`ferxuli `qorbeRela~ SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc sarTulebiani, 

maRali Senoba (Sead. sulxan-saba: `qori _ saxli saxlzed agebuli; 

qored-qoredi _ oTxi, xuTi saxli saxlze Senebuli~). v. bardaveliZis 

mosazrebiT, `qorbeRelad dawyoba~, `dabeRvla~ sakulto beRlis 

gadaxurvis struqturasTan dakavSirebuli teqnikuri xerxis 

aRmniSvnelia da gardigardmod dawyobas niSnavs~(6,73). 

`mgelTuqmeobis~ ritualSi aseve yuradRebas iqcevs mglis piris 

akvris epizodi; aq `mglis piri~ dakavSirebulia xorbalTan _ biWonTan. 

ritualis Sesrulebis dros diasaxlisi iTxovs, rom rogorc biWoni 

iwvis da itruseba igive mglis xaxasac daemarTos. simpaTetur magiaSi 

arsebuli analogiis principis mixedviT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, xorbali 

_ biWoni, mglis piris analogiaa. gamodis `piri~ da `puri~ fonetikuri 

siaxlovis garda Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiTac unda iyvnen 

dakavSirebulni. am kavSirs unda ganapirobebdes `pirisa~ da `puris~ 

mziur-cecxlovani xasiaTi. gavixsenoT, qarTuli miTosuri ZaRli yurSa, 

romlis yur-tuCi oqrosia, xolo xma Weqa-quxilis, romelic RvTis nebis 

gamovlinebad moiazreba da kavSirSia sityvasTan. amazed unda mowmobdes 

qarTuli gamoTqmac: àzris gaelveba~, rac sityvas, rogorc ukve azris 

Sedegs, akavSirebs mziur-cecxlovan energiasTan. 

Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom piri `RvTis sadgomia~ da 

99

dakavSirebulia sityvasTan da sityva kidev cecxlTan da 

nayofierebasTan, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom puric, rogorc mziurcecxlovani 

semantikis Semcveli, SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos 

sityvasTan, metyvelebasTan da Sesabamisad damwerlobasTanac. purisa da 

cecxlis urTierTmimarTebasTan dakavSirebiT, niSandoblivia, rom 

mTiuleTSi, e.w. `did komlze~ dawesebuli `saxato begara~ gulisxmobda 1 

litr qers Tu qersvels, rasac `cecxlis begaras~ eZaxdnen(110,161). 

niSandoblivia, rom Suamdinarul miTologiaSi `RmerTis sityva~ 

dakavSirebulia `purTan~, xolo orive maTgani ki gamanayofierebel, 

sasicocxlo ZalebTan: èrT Sumerul teqstSi enqi ambobs: 

sityva Cemi cas miswvdeba – 

da siuxvis wvima iwvimebs cidan; 

miwas miswvdeba – 

da mcenareuli gaCndeba miwad; 

amwvanebul yanas miswvdeba _ 

da Cemi sityviT mosavali uxvad daxvavdeba 

RmerTis arsebidan mis bageTa wiaR sityvasTan erTad sicocxlec ibadeba; 

RmerTi ityvis sicocxles `Tavisi tkbili bageebiT~, ise rom sityva 

sicocxlea Tavad: `puria naTqvami misi, sicocxlea sityva misi~, Sd. `me 

var puri da cxovreba~, _ ambobs Tavad sityva-qriste~(45,94). 

ar aris gamoricxuli, Tavad enqis sityva, romelic 

gamanayofierebeli Zalis mqone `siuxvis wvimas awvimebs~ cidan, 

dakavSirebuli iyos Weqa-quxilTan, imave principiT, riTac miTosuri 

yurSas `Weqa-quxilis xma~ RvTis sityvis gamovlinebad vcaniT. es 

msgavseba miT ufro TvalsaCino gaxdeba Tuki aRvniSnavT imasac, rom 

miTosur yurSas gamanayofierebeli funqciebic eniWeba, vinaidan misi 

miTosuri saxe vlindeba adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklSic. 

berikaobis ritualSi yuradRebas iqcevs berikas ucilobeli 

atributi, xis xmali, romelsac ritualSi falikur-gamanayofierebeli 

funqcia aqvs. rogorc Cans `falikuri xmali~, rogorc marjvenis 

`gagrZeleba~ dakavSirebulia mzesTan, cecxlTan da gamoricxuli araa 

sityvasTanac, rogorc `RvTaebrivi nebis~ gamovlinebasTan. Tuki 

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movigonebT, rom amiranis eposSi, RvTaebrivi gmiris xmlis Wedvis 

procesi dakavSirebulia Weqa-quxilTan (sakiTxs dawvrilebiT ufro 

qvemoT SevexebiT), romelic RvTis `nebis gamovlinebadaa~ miCneuli, 

riTac dajildovebulia qarTuli miTosuri ZaRlis - `yurSas xmac~, rac 

mis saxes aSkarad `RvTaebrivs~ xdis, xmlisa da sityvis kavSiri naTeli 

xdeba. SemTxveviTi arc is unda iyos, rom sityva xmalSi fuZed `xma~ devs. 

xmali kavSirs poulobs purTanac, sadac makavSirebeli rgoli, 

swored `sityvaa~. marTlac, Tuki movigonebT, rom SoTi puri RvTaeba 

armazs ewireboda `mklavisa Zlierebisa da xrmlisa mkveTelobisaTvis~ 

(117,169) da Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom maxvili RvTis sityvis 

gamovlinebaa, rogorc es ioanes gamocxadebaSia naTqvami: `misi piridan 

gamodis basri maxvili, rom igi dascxos erebs da igi damwyevsavs maT 

rkinis kverTxiT~(gamocxadeba ioanesi, Tavi 19), kavSiri pursa da sityvas 

Soris mkafio xdeba. maxvili da zeciuri puri (`me var puri zecidan 

Camosuli~ - ioanes saxareba, Tavi 6) ieso qristes religiuri 

simboloebia da uflis sityvas unda ukavSirdeobodes. rogorc cnobilia 

`kanonikuri teqstiT erTmaneTTan aris dawyvilebuli RvTis sityva da 

arsobis puri: ara xolo puriTa erTiTa darCebis kaci, aramed RvTis 

yoveli sityviT~(43,214). 

xmlis da puris urTierTmimarTeba mocemulia raWuli saaxalwlo 

puris saxelSi: ``xmlis triali~, romelsac xmlis forma hqonda da 

mamakacebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili~ (96,1471). aqve, imasac davsZen, rom berika 

da saaxalwlo ritualuri puri “basila” mamrobiTobis aRmniSveli 

asoTi iyo gamosaxuli da orives mizans mcenareTa da cxovelTa 

ganayofierebaze zemoqmedebis moxdena warmoadgenda(81,82). 

Tavdapirveli damwerloba swored purTan, miwaTmoqmedebasTan, 

ganayofierebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. aqedan unda iRebdes saTaves puris 

`falikuri~ xasiaTi. Zveli bustrofedonuri damwerloba saTaves swored 

miwaTmoqmedebidan iRebs da kavSirs avlens ganayofierebasTan: `g. Citaias 

azriT, xvna xalxuri gagebiT magiuri aqtia, sadac miwa mdedrobiTi 

sqesis warmomadgenelia, xolo erqvani _ falosi~(81,160). pureulis 

Teslis aRmniSvneli sityva marcvali aseve niSnavs, `raime azris Canasaxs, 

agreTve bgeras an bgeraTa jgufs, romelic erTi amosunTqviT 

warmoiTqmeba~(95,74). niSandoblivia isic, rom sametyvelo bgeris 

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aRmniSvneli _ aso, aseve ukavSirdeba sxeulis nawilebs, gansakuTrebiT 

ki mamakacis sasqeso organos mniSvnelobiT, rac xazs usvams 

Tavdapirveli damwerlobis kavSirs ganayofierebis aqtTan. Tuki mgel- 

ZaRlis kulti purTan da Sesabamisad, sityvasTanac unda yofiliyo 

dakavSirebuli, rogorc es davinaxeT `yurSas saxeSi~ (romlis Weqaquxilis 

xma RvTis sityvis gamovlinebad vcaniT), maSin gamarTlebulad 

gveCveneba isic, rom `samgreloSi ZaRlis lekvis aRmniSvneli _ kutu, 

kuta, kutavi~ (117,206) aseve ixmareba gvar-saxelebSi da mamakacis sasqeso 

organos mniSvnelobiTac, xolo `kuti imavdroulad nakverCxlebze 

gamomcxvari puria~(94,1446), rac gankuTvnili iyo ZaRlisTvis da 

ritualuri datvirTva hqonda (79,21). 

kuta/kutavis paraleluri formaa koti-kotia, romelic 

adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklis mTavari personaJis, berikas 

oreulis, lazares epiTetia: `lazares saxelis varianti “koti-kotia” 

misi tabuirebuli, metaforuli saxelia, romelic RvTaebis faliurobas 

aRwers da aqcents svams nayofierebis funqciaze (85,242). 

amrigad, kuta/kutavi/koti/kotia sakulto-saritualo datvirTvis 

mqone sityvebia, romlebic TavianTi mniSvnelobiT qmnian nayofierebasTan 

da gamravlebasTan dakavSirebul simboloTa erTobliobas: ZaRli, puri, 

xmali, falosi. 

kuta/kotias simboloebi: puric, xmalica da falosic ukavSirdeba 

sityvas, Tu gnebavT `RvTis sityvas~, romelsac umaRlesi 

gamanayofierebeli Zala eniWeba da romelic swored mgel-ZaRlis 

simboloSia davanebuli. marTlac, Tuki mivubrundebiT, T. oCiauris mier 

qarTlSi mopovebul savele masalas, upurod darCenil xalxs, RmerTTan 

Suamavlobas swored ZaRli uwevs, romlis wyalobiT xalxi xvna-Tesvis 

codnas xelmeored iZens. 

kut fuZis sakulto-religiuri xasiaTi unda asaxuliyo qarTul 

eTno-toponimikaSi da ara marto; am fuZes urartus dasaxelebebSic 

vxvdebiT: `kut-fuZiT nawarmoebi saxelebi erTnairad aris gavrcelebuli 

rogorc samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, ise samegrelosa da imereTSi. 

magaliTad, Woroxisa da aWariswylis auzebSi vxvdebiT Semdeg saxelebs 

quTauri, quTureTi, kvitaura, kvitauri, kvitamere, kvitieTi da sxv. 

samegreloSi damowmebulia Zalian saintereso forma am saxelisa: 

102

cxakaias raionSi sasamne adgils ewodeba lekutora, romelSic aSkarad 

gamoiyofa samegrelos toponimiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli `le~ prefiqsi. 

kut-fuZian saxelTa aseTma gavrcelebam unda moxsnas argonavtikis 

kutaiis mxolod quTaisTan dakavSirebis sakiTxi. tiglaTpalasar III Zv. w. 

735 wels dapyrobil urartus qalaqebsa da soflebs Soris asaxelebs 

sofel kutas. urartus teritoriaze punqti kutu dasaxelebuli aqvs 

agreTve tiglaTpalasar III Svils sargon II. friad sagulisxmoa, rom 

pilosis warwerebSi vxvdebiT dasaxlebuli punqtebis saxelebs, 

romelnic TiTqmis ar gansxvavdebian rogorc antikuri kutaia, ise 

qarTuli quTaisis saxelebisagan~ (69,87). 

mgel-ZaRlis kavSiri marcvleul kulturebTan gvxvdeba aseve 

sxvadasxva kulturebSi. safrangeTSi da zogadad evropaSi gavrcelebuli 

rwmena-warmodgenebis Tanaxmad, `marcvleulis, puris suli mgelSia; 

safrangeTSi, kerZod sofel champberry-Si, arsebobs Cveuleba, romlis 

Tanaxmad, “roca momkelebi bolo Znas Sekraven, mas mglis saxels 

arqmeven da yvirian: “aq mgeli zis”’. germaniaSi, kiolnTan axlos, 

arsebobda wesi, romlis mixedviT, bolo Znas mglis formas aZlevdnen~ 

(92,420-421). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aseve sagulisxmoa cnobili frangi 

mwerlis, JorJ sandis sityvebi, rom `mis mSobliur sofel berry-Si man 

moismina Tqmuleba mglebze, rogorc mbrZaneblebze, Tanac es Tqmuleba 

imdenad seriozuli xalxis mier iyo moyolili, rom man arc ki icoda ra 

efiqra~ (52,45). aRniSnuli SeiZleba gamowveuli yofiliyo imiTac, rom 

safrangeTSi da germaniaSi yanis daraji mgelia: “roca TavTavebs qari 

arxevs, amboben mgelma gadaurbinao, agreTve gavrcelebuli wesis 

Tanaxmad, Tuki mkis dros mindorSi mgeli gairbens da mas kudi 

daSvebuli aqvs nayofierebis da kargi mosavlianobis niSania~ (92,419). 

sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi sainteresoa aseve etruskuli xTonuri RvTaeba – 

velTa, romelic mglis saxiTaa warmodgenili: `m. palotino velTas 

mindvrebis geniad warmogvidgens, xolo fr. meserSmidti am etruskuli 

demonis gamosaxulebas ramdenime urnazec ki xedavs, sadac Cans erTgan 

mgelTaviani, xolo meoregan mglis niRbiani da gvelebiani, miwidan 

amomavali RvTaeba~(49,71). aqve SeiZleba isic movigonoT, rom cnobil 

TrialeTis Tasze, romelzec nayofierebasTan dakavSirebuli ritualia 

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asaxuli, procesiis monawile qurumebis samosSi figurirebs Zirs 

daSvebuli mglis, zogierTi mosazrebiT meliis kudi (8,35). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, angariSgasawevia isic, rom CeCnurSi mglis 

aRmniSvneli sityva Борз praqtikulad identuria fetvis aRmniSvneli 

sityvisa Борц. mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes arc siuxvisa da 

dovlaTis gadmomcemi CeCnuri sityva _ Беркат (88,32,33), romelic qarTuli 

baraqisa da lazuri bereqeTis sinonimad gvevlineba. 

mglis kultTan dakavSirebuli frangul-qarTuli paraleli kidev 

erT saintereso detals avlens. dasavleT evropaSi gavrcelebuli 

rwmena-warmodgenebiT, `mgeli metyvelebis unars arTmevs mas, visac àvi 

TvaliT~ Sexedavs~(52,44). analogiuri rwmena-warmodgena dafiqsirebul 

iqna Cems mier xevsureTSi savele muSaobis dros; Cemi respondentis, 

TqmiT, `mgeli ise Seereva cxvars verc gaigeb. xSirad uTqvamT mwemsebs: 

mgeli ki davinaxe, magram xmis amoReba ver SevZeli, mgelma Cemi xma 

waiRoo... da ase waiRebdnen saqonels~ (aRniSnuli mosazreba ekuTvnis 

Satils mkvidrs, SoTa (apareka) WinWarauls, romelic Cavwere 2008 wlis 

ivlisSi piriqiTa xevsureTSi savele musaobis dros). gamodis magiuri 

dacvis mizniT `mglis enis jibiT tarebac~ (11,131-133) konkretul mizans 

emsaxureboda da SesaZloa gulisxmobda àvi Tvalisgan~ Tu àvad 

mosaubrisgan~ Tavdacvas. aqve imasac davsZen, rom mglis aRmniSvneli 

afxazuri `bag~ (102,79) fuZe kavSirs poulobs bagesTan, anu pirTan, 

metyvelebasTan, rac zemoTnaTqvamis gaTvaliswinebiT, SemTxveviTobiT ar 

aixsneba. sxvaTaSoris, sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT yuradRebas ipyrobs 

italielTa yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi damkvidrebuli gamoTqma: ~In bocca al 

lupo”, rac niSnavs “mglis xaxas,~ `mglis xaxaSi yofnas~ da Tavad 

italielTa ganmartebiT unda niSnavdes saxumaro formiT warmatebis 

gamoTqmis survils im piris mimarT, romelic raime seriozuli gamocdis 

winaSe dgas. aqve davsZen, rom es gamoTqma gansakuTrebuli popularobiT 

sargeblobs studentTa Soris, raRa Tqma unda, gamocdebis wina periodSi. 

SeiZleba gamovTqvaT varaudi, rom am konkretul SemTxvevaSi, `saxumaro 

ganwyobis~ miRma dgas mglis uZvelesi religiuri aspeqti, romelic 

sityvasTan da metyvelebasTan aris dakavSirebuli da romelic eris 

koleqtiurma mexsierebam odnav profanuli formiT dRemde `moitana~. 

italiuri gamonaTqvamidan kargad Cans, rom `mglis xaxas~, am konkretul 

104

SemTxvevaSi, sikeTis motana SeuZlia, gansakuTrebiT metyvelebis 

konteqstSi, albaT swored imitom, rom is `pircecxlia~, `mziuria~ da 

Sesabamisad ganayofierebis unariT dajildovebuli. aqve imasac davsZen, 

rom Tuki qarTul miTosSi mze gveleSapis piridan ibadeba yoveldRe, 

germanul miTSi mzesa da mTvares ylapavs mgeli (29,25), romelic 

SesaZloa ideurad ukavSirdebodes kolxur culebze gamosaxul gvers, 

anu mgel-drakons. 

rogorc aRiniSna, swored ZaRlia adamiansa da RmerTs Soris 

Suamavali, visi wyalobiTac xalxi xvna-Tesvis unars ibrunebs. naTqvamTan 

dakavSirebiT, momyavs kidev erTi pasaJi, T. oCiauris mier qarTlSi 

dafiqsirebuli savele masalidan: ~uwindeli xalxi regveni, ucodinrebi 

yofilan; Turme ro cecxls daanTebdnen, axlo Tabxebi udgiaT 

talaxiani. scxelaT, _ isxamen zeda da isomen im talaxs. Turme erTi 

finiaa, dascxeba ukan wava, Sasciva – win modis. patarZals uTqvia _ ese 

raTa Svrebio, mere TviTonac egre uqniaT. ZaRlsa da patarZals CaugdiaT 

xalxi gonebaSi~ (79,20). qarTlSi dafiqsirebuli es Tqmuleba, Tavisi 

arsiT mravlismomcveli unda iyos, vinaidan Tuki `ZaRls Caugdia xalxi 

gonebaSi~ misi simboluri mniSvneloba arcTu mcirediT yofila 

Semofargluli: qarTuli eTnografiuli masala naTlad avlens mgel- 

ZaRlis simbolos funqcionalur kavSirs metyvelebasTan. 

amrigad Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT mgel-ZaRlis metad sapatio misias 

`RmerTTan Suamavlobis~ TvalsazrisiT, iseve rogorc mglis solarul 

kavSirs marcvleul kulturebTan da metyvelebasTan, gaviTvaliswinebT 

imasac, rom `mwevris salocavze~ nadirT gamravlebas iTxovdnen, 

SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom `mgelTuqmeobis~ rituali, romelic 

mavnebeli cxovelebisgan saqonlis dacvis mizniT sruldeboda, aseve 

avlens mgel-ZaRlis sxvadasxva funqcionalur aspeqts, romelic 

gulisxmobda saqonlisa da marcvleuli kulturebis mfarvelobas, 

nayofierebas, gamravlebas, da rac yvelaze mTavaria, `RvTis sityvas~, 

romelic Tavisi arsiT, mziur-falikuria da magiur-gamanayofierebeli 

Zala aqvs. 

105

2) seTis wm. giorgis sadResaswaulo cikli da mglisgamosaxulebiani 

saweso droSa - lemi 

saweso droSa – lemi imTaviTve mogvagonebs sakulto xis 

simbolikas, romelic gadmoscems kvdoma-gacocxlebisa da Svilierebis 

maradiul cnebebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT, v. bardaveliZe SeniSnavs: `Таким 

образом, знамя лем, подобно восточно-грузинскому горскому знамени, уводит нас в мир 

тотемических верований и практики. И тогда, как восточногорское знамя своей исходной 

формой разумеет тотемное дерево, сванское знамя генетически или преемственно (путем 

перенесения на него народных представлений о своем древнейшем штандарте) 

связывается с тотемным животным – волком~ (12,46). 

svaneTSi erTurTs erwymis sakraluri xisa da droSis cnebebi: 

`beCos TemSi realurad arsebuli saRvTo xis garSemo gamarTuli wes- 

Cveuleba da liCeniSis dros droSis Sewirvis Cveuleba erTnairia da xis 

kultis Sesaxeb rwmenidan momdinareobs. beCoSi aRniSnuli Cveuleba 

sruldeba xesTan, romelsac droSa ganasaxierebs. aseTive mniSvnelobisaa 

zemosvanuri aRba-laRralisa da qvemo svanuri muryvamobis dros xeze 

droSis, RvTaeba lamarias gamosaxulebisa da jvris erTidaimave 

mniSvnelobiT gamosaxva. amitomaa, rom droSas ara marto yrmis Svilad 

ayvana da mfarveloba SeeZlo, aramed Zis gaCenac, gamravlebac da 

gankurnebac. droSa iyo avi Tvalisa da yovelgvari avis ganmdevneli da 

ubeduri SemTxveviT daRupuli micvalebulis mxsneli. droSas agrarul 

kultSic sapatio adgili eWira, xalxuri masalebis Semkrebis, sebi 

guledanis cnobiT, droSa lemi mosavlianobasTanac iyo dakavSirebuli. 

am droSis gamotana xdeboda eliSobis – eliasa da wm. giorgis dRes 

dar-avdarTan dakavSirebiT~(81,173). 

droSis saxelwodeba – lemi gvafiqrebinebs, rom saqme unda 

gvqondes lomTan da ara mgelTan, Tumca, rogorc amas v. bardaveliZe 

SeniSnavs: `По распространенному верованию сванов и по их преданиям изображенное 

знаменем животное не лев, а волк; он называется львом (лем) в знак того, что волк силен 

и победоносен, как лев. Наше знамя - уверяли меня старики сваны – означало, что мы 

сильные и непобедимые, подобно волкам и львам~ (12,44). 

aRsaniSnavia, rom `Знамя лем хранилось в церкви св. Георгия Сетийского 

Местийского общества Верхней Сванетии. Само знамя в том виде, в каком оно дошло 

106

до нас, сшито из желтой шелковой материи и имеет зооморфную форму~( 12,37). 

avtorisve SeniSvniT, es droSa, Tavisi xasiaTiT: `относится к драконовидным 

штандартам, засвидетельствованным во II веке у парфян, скифов, сарматов, даяков, 

начиная с III века у римлян, заимствовавших его от названных народов, и в IV веке у 

сасанидских царей, перенявших его от парфян~(12,38). 

istoriuli monacemebis mixedviT, rogorc amas adasturebs v. 

bardaveliZe, seTis wm. giorgis Temi cnobili iyo leljgragis saxeliT. 

masSi gaerTianebuli iyo oTxi gvari, romlebsac moljgrags eZaxdnen. 

esenia: faliani, mWedliani, ratiani da niguriani. amaTgan uZvelesia 

falianTa gvari; seTis jgragi maTi uZvelesi sagvareulo salocavi 

yofila. falianTa gvaridan irCeoda Temis meTauri, e.w. leljgragi 

Txvim; Tumca ar aris dadgenili iyo Tu ara igi imavdroulad `droSis 

damWeri~ - lemi mugvene (12,40,41). 

davazustoT Tu ra Sedioda leljgragis movaleobaSi: `В 

обязанности лелджгырага входило справить праздники в честь Сетийского св. Георгия - 

один праздник осенью, в конце сентября, другой – летний, так называемый Хылиш или 

Хылшоб. В осенний праздник молджгыраги закалывали жертвенного быка, а для Хылиш 

собирали с каждого двора общины по одной мерке ячменя для выгонки водки, 

праздничные хлебы же каждый из них выпекал из собственной муки у себя на дому~ 

(12,43). 

aRsaniSnavia, rom v. bardaveliZis mixedviT, xiliSoba Tu iliSoba 

saerTo svanuri tradiciuli dResaswauli iyo, romelic gadmocemis 

mixedviT, ukavSirdeboda uxsovar droSi svanTa mier dampyroblebis 

gandevnas. is petre-pavlobis marxvamde erTi kviriT adre iwyeboda da 

ramdenime dRe grZeldeboda. am zeimisTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo 

sxvadasxva xasiaTis sportuli varjiSebi da saweso-samxedro TamaSobebi, 

maT Soris – doRic. swored es ukanaskneli iyo zeimis damagvirgvinebeli 

RonisZieba. aranakleb 15 mxedari Seikribeboda seTis wm. giorgis 

eklesiis win. maT winamZRolobda jafariZeTa gvaris warmomadgeneli, 

romelsac `lemis mtareblis~ - lemi mugvene-s statusi hqonda 

(jafariZeTa gvari moljgragTa gvarebs gvian periodSi SeuerTda). doRis 

principi Semdegi iyo: mxedrebi, auCqareblad, medroSes winamZRolobiT, 

miemarTebodnen winaswar moniSnuli dasavleT sazRvrisken, Semdeg 

trialdebodnen da ukan, aRmosavleTis sazRvrisken brundebodnen. es 

107

meordeboda orjer zedized. mesame jerze, roca mxedrebi, aseve neli 

svliT, mividodnen daniSnul adgilamde _ dasavleTis sazRvramde, isini 

cxenebs atrialebdnen, erT xazze ewyobodnen da gamafrTxilebeli 

SeZaxilis Semdeg, Sejibrs iwyebdnen. gamarjvebulad iTvleboda is 

mxedari, vinc aRmosavleTis sazRvars pirveli miaRwevda. gamarjvebis 

wyurviliT yvela iyo Sepyrobili; amasTanave dauSveblad iTvleboda 

medroSe mxedrisTvis raime SeRavaTis gaweva, vinaidan es daarRvevda 

Tavad saweso doRis kanonmdeblobas: `Праздничные игры проводились на 

площади Сетийского храма, где собиралось все местийское население со своими гостями. 

Бега или скачки с знаменем происходили по окончании остальных игр. В скачках 

принимали участие не менее 15 всадников. Сидя на наилучших скаковых лошадях, они 

приближались к храму и выстраивались у его дверей во-главе с представителем фамилии 

Джапаридзе. Мокил выносил знамя и передавал его «держателю льва» (Джапаридзе). 

Последний, при помощи своего «помощника», конец древка знамени прикреплял к 

стремени, затем садился на коня и, держа в правой руке древко, а левой управляя конем, 

медленно трогался в сопровождении остальных всадников. С правой стороны от леми 

мугвене держался его «помощник» тоже верхом на коне; он в опасные моменты скачек 

поддерживал знамя, чтобы оно не упало. 

Всадники под предводительством знамени медленно ехали к заранее намеченной 

западной границе скакового поля, оттуда поворачивали обратно и в том же порядке и 

также шагом проезжали до восточной границы и затем вновь обратно до западной 

границы; - это был второй тур. Когда в том же порядке и также медленно в третий раз 

подьежали к западной границе, здесь они выстраивались в линию, в один ряд и, после 

сигнала «hea» пускались вскачь. Победителем был всадник, доскакавший до восточной 

границы первым. Все старались стяжать себе славу победителя. Нельзя было в этом 

уступать даже знамени; напротив, малейшее старание со стороны участвующих в скачках 

всадников способствовать победе знамени, нарушало основной смысл обрядовых скачек. 

Если при свободном состязании, победителем оставалось знамя (т.е. знаменосец), то это, 

по народным верованиям, предвещало победу сванов во всяком деле и урожайный 

год~( 12,43-44). 

sainteresoa Tavad droSa – lemis warmomavlobasTan 

dakavSirebuli svanuri gadmocemebi: `По одной версии – вызвавшей протест и 

сильное возмущение всех моих сказителей стариков против свана якобы исказившего 

предание – знамя лем было отнято у «татар» во время поражения их и бегства из 

Сванетии; по другой – оно было сшито само царицей Тамарой и посвящено Сети 

108

Джгырагу; наконец, по третьей версии знамя вручила сванам богиня Ламария, 

покровительница материнства, плодородия земли и, в особенности, хлебных 

злаков~( 12,44). 

amrigad, droSa lemis sakulto funqciebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom es 

ukanaskneli ganayofierebasTan da bunebis ZalTa aRorZinebasTanac unda 

yofiliyo dakavSirebuli, miT umetes, rom doRSi droSa - lemis 

gamarjveba mosavliani weliwadis garanti unda yofiliyo. amasTan, is 

faqti, rom droSis warmomavlobis sakiTxSi samidan ori versia qalur 

sawyis daukavSirda, nebsiT Tu uneblied, mogvagonebs saweso leqss - 

`qalsa vismes erqva SroSanao~, sadac sakraluri xis, xolo Semdeg, 

miTosuri ZaRlis _ yurSas dabadeba deda-RvTaebis Tayvaniscemis 

motivebzea agebuli. gaviTvaliswinoT, rom yurSasTan dakavSirebuli 

ferxuli da saweso simRerebi adre sagazafxulo dReobebs emTxveoda da 

samonadireo xasiaTTan erTad, ganayofierebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. 

svanuri lemis SemTxvevaSic, miTologiuri TvalTaxedva absoluturad 

SenarCunebulia: aqac, saweso droSa – lemi gadmomcemia sicocxlis xis 

da mgel-ZaRlis sakraluri kavSirisa, romlis saTaveebTan SesaZloa 

idges dedaRvTaeba – lamaria, Svilierebisa da nayofierebis garanti. 

sxvaTaSoris, am `mesame versiis~ damajereblobas isic gansazRvravs, rom 

lamaria metwilad xorbleuli kulturebis mfarvelia, rac savsebiT 

bunebrivad gvaxsenebs qarTlis savele masalas, romelSic `puris 

moyvana~ swored ZaRlis simbolos ukavSirdeba. aqve gavixsenoT axlaxan 

damowmebuli masalac, roca adgili aqvs qvemo svanuri muryvamobis dros 

xeze droSis, RvTaeba lamarias gamosaxulebisa da jvris erTidaimave 

mniSvnelobiT gamosaxvas. 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, mizanSewonilad mimaCnia, wina planze 

wamovwioT wm. giorgis solaruli buneba, saidanac unda iRebdes dasabams 

misi gamanayofierebeli aspeqtic. upirveles yovlisa, aRvniSnoT, rom 

`qarTuli folkloris masalebi amtkiceben, rom qristianuli wm. giorgis 

kults saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi win uswrebda nadirT patronis 

mamakacuri korelatis kulti~(39,125). es kulti ki, rogorc ukve 

aRvniSneT, emyareboda warmodgenas bunebis yovelwliuri sikvdilisa da 

ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, rac monadireobis xanaSi ukavSirdeboda nadiris, 

rogorc adamianis ZiriTadi sasicocxlo wyaros klebas zamTarSi da mis 

109

gamravlebas-gamoCenas gazafxulze. nayofieri nadirobis Semdeg, jgrags, 

igive wm. giorgis nandirevi nadiris marjvena beWi ewireboda, riTac am 

RvTaebis mziuri xasiaTia naCvenebi, vinaidan, rogorc cnobilia, marjvena 

xelis simbolika mzis gamanayofierebel Zalebs ukavSirdeba. 

wm. giorgis kultis arqetipul saxed gveleSapis damTrgunveli 

solaruli RvTaebebia miCneuli. v. nozaZis TqmiT: `TeTri anu wm. giorgi 

ar aris mTvaris kultis warmomadgeneli, wm. giorgi swored mzis kultis 

gamomsasxvelia~ (76,209,210). amave azrs iziarebs n. abakeliac: `zepiri 

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi imdenive wm. giorgis salocavia 

ramdeni dRecaa weliwadSi... mis kultSi aSkarad ikveTeba solaruli 

elementebi~(3,21,22). mzesTan kavSirze miuTiTebs wmindanis 365 nawilad 

danawevrebac, rac mzis wliuri kalendris alegoriuli gamovlinebaa. mas 

ukavSireben warmarTobisdroindel TeTri giorgis kults. religiuri 

sinkretizmi gvidasturebs, rom wm. giorgim raRaca saxiT SeinarCuna 

kavSiri RvTaeba kviriasTan, vinaidan igi gvevlineba mglebis 

mbrZanebladac, rogorc es svanuri masaliTaa damowmebuli: `jgragi, anu 

wm. giorgi – mglebis mbrZanebeli~ (84,483). sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, m. 

Ciqovani aseve SeniSnavs: `Cven vfiqrobT, rom mgelze nadiroba svaneTSi 

(agreTve xevSi) uwin akrZaluli unda yofiliyo. amas gvafiqrebinebs 

Semdegi garemoeba: mgels `jgragiS JeR~ ewodeba, jggragi – wm. giorgi ki 

keTil mfarvel RvTaebas warmoadgens. amitom misi ZaRlis mokvla, yovel 

SemTxvevaSi giorgisda daukiTxavad, ubedurebis momaswavebeli iqneboda. 

mgeli mavneblobas maSin Caidens, aqaurTa rwmeniT, roca amas misi 

patroni ukarnaxebs damnaSave soflis an ojaxis dasjis mizniT~(105.64). 

axla ukve naTeli efineba imas, Tu ratom aris mglisgamosaxulebiani 

droSa – lemi swored seTis wm. giorgis eklesiaSi davanebuli. 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, yuradRebas iqcevs qarTuli arqeologiuri 

masaliT damowmebuli wm. giorgis arqetipuli saxeebi, razedac 

sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas k. gamsaxurdia: `qarTvelTa uZveles 

sarwmunoebas gansazRvravda naTlosani mxedari SubiT xelSi, romelic 

qristianobis xanaSi Seerwya wm. giorgis saxes. misi ikonografia gvxvdeba 

jer kidev Cv.w.a. meoTxe saukuniT daTariRebul sabeWdavebze saZeguridan, 

yanCaeTidan, winwyarodan. es mxedari gvevlineba marto, xanac iqve 

gamosaxulia gvelisebri arseba, oRond RvTaeba ki ar gmiravs mas, igi 

110

TiTqos gmirisgan gansxvavebul sibrtyeSi moZraobs. erT-erT firfitaze, 

gamosaxulia RvTaeba, romelic SubiT xelSi gmiravs gveleSaps. aq 

SeiZleba saqme gvqondes RvTaeba vereTragnas gamosaxulebasTan. amave 

firfitaze, mebrZol RvTaebas marcxena xelSi uWiravs kombali. es 

sayuradRebo elementia, romelic mas anaTesavebs miTrasTan. kombali 

miTras motivebSi gaiazreba sakulto instrumentad, romliTac RvTaeba 

klavs xars~ (26,41-43). 

wm. giorgis kultis astralur gaazrebasTan dakavSirebiT, e. 

virsalaZe Tavad saxelSi – giorgi, qarTuli da Crdilo-kavkasiuri 

enobrivi Sexvedrebis gaTvaliswinebiT (m-r-g-v-a-l-i rgoli, Wanuri 

murgvali, megruli rgvali, marT.megr. morgvi, andiuri gurguma, xunZuri 

gor-rgoli, qarTuli gorgali; CaCnuri giorgli-guorglieS), xedavs 

`simrgvalis ideas~ da uSvebs varauds, rom es SeiZleba mTvaris kultTan 

iyos kavSirSi: `xom ar SeiZleba am kompleqsSi mogveZebna Cven kavkasiuri 

safuZveli wm. giorgis saxelis mTvaresTan dakavSirebisa, romelic egeb 

mrgvals _ mTvares ukavSirdeba es, ra Tqma unda, mxolod savaraudo 

mosazrebaa, magram mas kidev ramodenime dakvirveba amagrebs. giorgis 

saxeli, romelic svanurad jgragad gamoiTqmis, Cven gvxvdeba qarTul 

enaSi, rogorc misi qristianuli transkripciiT – giorgi, ise 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi gorgis formiT. saxeli gorgi gorgus 

_ Cven wina aziaSi gvxvdeba. gordus da midasi frigiel mefeTa 

tradiciuli saxelebi iyo. es saxelebi Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda da 

maT RvTaebaTa saxelebs warmoadgenda. jems frezeri, romelsac mohyavs 

es cnoba, ar aRniSnavs, Tu sakuTriv romel RvTaebas erqva frigiaSi 

gorgi, magram cnobilia, rom mTvaris kulti iq erTi ZiriTadTagani 

iyo~(39,122). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, avtori aseve aRniSnavs, rom `nadirT 

patronis SurisZiebiT daRupuli monadiris saxeli saqarTveloSi 

garkveuli kultis sagani iyo. svaneTSi igi gazafxulis dResaswauls 

ukavSirdeboda. swored es dRea aRwerili beTqilis ferxulSi da TviT 

es ferxulic am dRes sruldeboda. sagulisxmoa, rom aseve daRupuli 

monadiris, ivane qvacixelis saxelTan dakavSirebuli dReoba aRdgomis 

mesame orSabaTs sruldeboda. am dRes asrulebdnen aq ferxuls, sadac 

imRereboda yurSas leqsi-datireba. am dReobis gazafxulze da orSabaT 

111

dRes uqmoba akavSirebs mas mTvaris da, maSasadame, wm. giorgis 

kultTan~(39,123). 

dabolos, ìq, sadac adre kldis wverze ferxuls abamdnen 

daRupuli monadiris, nadirT patronis msxverplis mosagonarad, axla 

mRvdels wm. giorgis xati amohqonda. Zveli da axali rwmena erTmaneTs 

ejaWveboda da axla ferxulSi `gorgormavali~ gmiris, mSvild-isriani 

monadiris magier wm. giorgi ixsenieboda. amas xels uwyobda misi 

saxelic da warmodgena masze, rogorc wminda mxedarze, mebrZol 

wmindanze~(39,126). 

e. virsalaZis mosazreba metad sagulisxmoa, Tumca garda mTvarisa, 

wm. giorgis saxeSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, mzis kulti unda davinaxoT. 

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom gveleSapismmusvrel RvTaebaTa solaruli 

saxe alegoriulad ukavSirdeba kosmiur wylebSi mzis dabadebis Sesaxeb 

warmodgenas, romelic Rrmadaa gamjdari qarTul miTosSi. naTqvamTan 

dakavSirebiT, momyavs m. xidaSelis mosazreba: `qarTvelTa rwmeniT, mze, 

gvelze Semjdari, zesknelisa da qvesknelis wyalTa Soris Tavisi 

moZraobis aucilebel cikls asrulebda. Rame qvesknelSi mzis CaZirvis 

Sedegi iyo, sadac mas am wylebis gamgebeli drakoni STanTqavda, magram 

mze Tavs daaRwevda da yovel diliT zecaze amobrwyindeboda. moZraobis 

amgvarsave cikls gadioda arwivic, romelic zesknelisa da qvesknelis 

damakavSirebeli iyo~(114,131). aRniSnuli rwmena-warmodgena dasturdeba 

TrialeTuri kulturiTac; kidev erTxel gavixsenoT, i. surgulaZis 

mosazreba sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT: `mniSvnelovani Tema, romelic aSkarad 

Cans TrialeTelTa mxatvrobaSi, aris warmodgena kosmosuri wylebiT 

garemocul samyaroze, romelsac gars uvlis mze. mze RamiT mogzaurobs 

kosmosis pirvelqmnil wylebze. aseTi mtkicebis safuZvels gvaZlevs XVII 

yorRanSi mopovebuli WurWeli, romlis mxarze, Sua welamde, 

gamosaxulia wylis klaknili zoli. xveulebSi zis diskoebi, mzis 

gamosaxulebebi. aseTi klaknili, gaRma-gamoRma dasmuli astraluri 

niSnebi TrialeTSi jer kidev adrebrinjaos xanaSia damowmebuli. 

SesaZloa okeane-mdinare sxvadasxva miTosur versiebSi gaiazrebodes 

rogorc drakoni – gveli, romelic did rols TamaSobs indoevropelTa 

miTosSi. msgavsi faqtebi sakmaod aris mopovebuli kavkasiaSic, rogorc 

TrialeTis masalaSi, ise momdevno xanebSiac. am mxriv, Zalian 

112

TvalsaCinoa bomboras velze samarxSi mopovebul ritonze gamosaxuli 

drakoni-gveli, romelic aSkarad Caenacvleba mdinares. Zvel 

aRmosavleTSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli miTosuri siuJeti wyliT 

garemoculi miwis Sesaxeb, romelsac gars uvlis mze~(85,197). 

safuZveli gvaqvs vifiqroT, rom wm. giorgis arqetipi, 

nadirTpatronis mamakacuri korelatis kulti, romelic emyareboda 

warmodgenas bunebis yovelwliuri sikvdilisa da ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, 

aseve SesaZloa ukavSirdeboda mzis yoveldRiur cikls _ qvesknelSi 

Casvlasa da dilas xelmeored dabadebas, riTac m. xidaSelis miniSnebiT, 

`yoveldRe meordeboda qaosidan samyaros Seqmnis aqti~(114,72). Tavad 

samonadireo miTosis arsi am mosazrebis sasargeblod laparakobs: 

`qaoss ufro xSirad drakoni ganasaxierebda. mas qveyanaze wesrigis 

damamkvidrebeli RvTaeba unda dapirispireboda: igi unda yofiliyo 

drakonis mkvleli da axali wesrigis damfuZnebeli. igive ideas 

gulisxmobda miTebSi monadiris Sexvedra cxovelTan. RvTaebrivi 

nadiroba araerTi miTis safuZveli iyo. rodesac mwyemsi Tamuzi RvTaebad 

gadaiqca, mis sikvdils xSirad cxovels miawerdnen xolme. Tamuzi 

nayofierebis ZalebTan iqna gaigivebuli da mokvdavi da aRdgomadi 

RvTaebad gaiazreboda. mis sikvdils yovelTvis sicive da qariSxali 

sdevda, rac miTSi danaxuli iyo rogorc mteri, rogorc is cxoveli, 

romelsac Tamuzis sicocxle Seewira~(114,93). 

wm. giorgis arqetipebze msjelobisas, Zalzed sainteresoa RvTaeba 

vereTragnas dabadebis kavkasiuri eposi, romelic kosmiuri wylebidan 

`mzis dabadebis~ CvenTvis cnobili miTologemis odnav saxecvlili 

variantia: `Zveli somexi istorikosi mose xoreneli gadmogvcems 

uaRresad saintereso cnobas varaTragnis eposze, romelic warmarTul 

xanaSi gavrcelebuli yofila amierkavkasiaSi. xoreneli wers: 

`mSobiarobis tkivilebs ganicdida zeca da dedamiwa. mSobiarobis 

tkivilebiT Sepyrobili iwva ZowiT mosili zRva: 

zRvam Sva wiTeli lerwami, 

lerwmis yelidan amodioda kvamli, 

lerwmis yelidan amodioda ali, 

alidan amodioda vaJi, 

113

mas hqonda Tmebi cecxlisa, 

mas hqonda wveri alisebri, 

xolo Tvalebi _mze, _ 

Cven TviT gagvigonia, _ ganagrZobs mose xoreneli, _ Tu rogor 

mRerodnen amas qnaris ayolebiT. Semdeg simReraSi umRerodnen vahagnis 

(varaTragnis) brZolas veSapebTan da vahagnis maTze gamarjvebas~(5,19). 

amrigad, RvTaebis cecxlovaneba, misi mziuri Tvalebi, udaod mis 

solarul sawyisze migviTiTebs. RvTaebis cecxlovan bunebasTan 

dakavSirebiT, b. abaSiZe aseve SeniSnavs, rom `qarTvelebs zebunebrivi 

Zalebis saxed _ cecxluri movlena hqondaT warmosaxuli, romelic, 

sinaTlis garda, siZlieresac avlens, riTac borot Zalebs spobs. mzis 

RvTaeba miTrac ar iyo marto mzis Svili; igi cecxlis, kosmiuri naTebis 

Svilia~(5,19). 

zemoT motanili masalis gaTvaliswinebiT, wm. giorgis xateba sul 

ufro uaxlovdeba samonadireo kultidan momdinare kvdomadi da 

aRdgenadi RvTaebebis saxeebs: àqteonis, adonisis, atisis sikvdili 

nadirTan an monadireobasTan aris dakavSirebuli. mesaqonleobis 

ganviTarebasTan erTad bunebis sikvdilisa da ganaxlebis Sesaxeb 

warmodgena mcenareulobis RvTaebas daukavSirda. am warmodgenebs 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mieca miwaTmoqmedebis xanaSi~(39,93). wm. 

giorgis `muxis angelozad~ moxsenieba xom pirdapir gvaxsenebs `xidan 

Sobili~ adonisis RvTaebriv saxes. aqve aRvniSnoT, rom `n. mari 

ukavSirebda erTmaneTs svanur jgrags da megrul jgeges da jgeragunas. 

am sityvaSi igi uZvelesi ìafeturi~ rwmenis, muxaTa pativiscemis naSTs 

xedavda da mas adiReursa da afxazur enasac ukavSirebda~(39,121). 

wm. giorgis dakavSireba mzis yoveldRiuri `dabadebis ciklTan~, 

vfiqrob, aseve paralels poulobs kvdomadi da aRdgenadi RvTaeba 

beri/berikas saxeSic, romelic gamanayofierebeli Zalebis mqone 

miTosuri mzis amqveyniuri hipostasia: `berikaoba-yeenobis mTavari 

iTifaluri personaJi `ber/berika~ epiTetia saqonlis, adamianTa 

gamravlebis, mosavlianobisaTvis gankuTvnili vegetaciuri, qTonuri da 

solaruli RvTaebisa, maT fuqciebs iTavsebs da ganxiluli uda iyos am 

ZalebTan garkveul mimarTebaSi~(81,86). niSandoblivia, rom beri _ wm. 

114

giorgis erT-erTi `RvTaebrivi~ epiTetia; qarTulma xalxurma poeziam 

Semogvnixa beri giorgis sakulto kavSiri bermuxasTanac: 

`beri giorgi mec viyav, cas vebi oqros SibiTa, 

xmelgorze medga bermuxa, zed avdiodi kibiTa, 

Cems saymoT SemonaZRveni RmerTTan mimqonda iqiTa...~(46,113). 

Tuki berikas saxeSi mzis RvTaebriv-gamanayofierebel saxes 

vigulvebT, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom beri/berikaobis ritualis erTerTi 

damagvirgvinebeli àkordi~ _ berikas wyalSi Cagdeba da misi 

gawuwva ukavSirdebodes qveskneluri wylebidan mzis dabadebis 

zemoTmoyvanil cikls: `gvalvis Tavidan asacileblad da uxvi mosavlis 

misaRebad yeens ara marto wyalSi Casvamen, aramed Sig abanaveben 

kidec~(81,60). yeenis wyalSi CasvliT, wyali gamanayofierebeli ZaliT 

ìmuxteba~, Sesabamisad, yeenis banaoba marto gvalvis Tavidan acilebis 

mizniT ar unda tardebodes. niSandoblivia isic, rom wyalSi Casvlas 

Tan axlavs garkveuli erotikuli scenebi, rac pirvel rigSi, 

ganayofierebaze gvafiqrebinebs: `sofel mereTSi Cawerili masalidan 

vgebulobT, rom wyalSi yeenTan erTad berikebic Cadian da dedoflis 

mimarT isinic erotikul survilebs avlenen – exvevian da kocnian~(81,60). 

ritualSi erTi saintereso detalic iqcevs yuradRebas: `wyalSi 

waqceuli yeenis Tavis mimarTulebasac ki hqonia saTanado mniSvneloba am 

wlis mosavlis raodenobisa da xarisxisaTvis. Tu wyalSi yeens Tavi 

dasavleTisaken eqna, maTi Rrma rwmeniT, mosavali ar mova, xolo, Tu 

aRmosavleTisaken, maSin uxvi mosavlis miRebis imedi aqvT. Cans, 

dResaswaulis monawileTa movaleobaa ara marto yeenis gawuwva da 

banaoba, aramed misi Tavis mimarTulebis gansazRvrac~(81,60). amrigad, 

yeenis `mziuri~, kvdomadi da aRdgenadi bunebidan gamomdinare, safuZveli 

gvaqvs vifiqroT, rom wyalSi myofi yeenis aRmosavleTiT Setrialebuli 

Tavi kosmiur wylebSi `mzis dabadebis~ ideis erTgavri gamoxatuleba 

unda iyos. 

wm. giorgis kultze msjelobisas aseve Zalzed sayuradRebo unda 

iyos isic, rom mgelTan erTad misi kulti cxensac ukavSirdeba. 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Zalzed sainteresoa mosazreba Tavad saxelSi – 

115

giorgi davinaxoT mcirewlovani cxenis saxeli – gerge: èlementaruli 

logika gvikarnaxebs, rom sakuTari saxeli `giorgi~ davukavSiroT àsak 

micresa cxensa gerges~. ase gvafiqrebinebs isic, rom svanuris 

balszemoursa da laSxur dialeqtebSi, giorgi gvxvdeba `gerge~-s 

formiT~(70,112). legendas wminda giorgis Sesaxeb ori personaJi hyavs: 

gveleSapi da giorgi. safiqrebelia, rom `Tqmuleba Tavdapirvelad 

emyareboda cxenisa da gveleSapis brZolis epizods. cxeni, rogorc 

vTqviT, tabal-tibaren-mesxebis sayvareli totemi iyo, adamianis 

fantaziiT `gagveleSapebuli~ gveli ki keltur-germanul-skandinaviuri 

modgmis tomebs hyavdaT totemad miCneuli. totemTa orTabrZolis 

epizodSi aisaxa rTuli istoriuli procesi, rodesac Crdilo tomebis 

migraciulma talRam jer evropa waleka da mere aziaSic SemoaRwia. 

keltebs fexdafex mohyvebodnen germanul-skandinaviuri tomebi. mcire 

aziam kidev erTi saxelmwifos `dabadeba izeima~. mis gulSi sokosaviT 

aRmocenda `galatia~, romelmac TiTqmis sami saukune iarseba da axali 

welTaRricxvis mijnaze dalia suli. damxvdur-momxdurTa urTierToba 

ara yofila mSvidobiani da ukonfliqto. modgma awydeboda modgmas... 

totemi totems. `frTosani raSi~ ebrZoda `gveleSaps~~(70,112). 

cxenisa da gveleSapis brZolis istoriul konteqstSi moqceva 

TavisTavad saintereso unda iyos, Tumca vfiqrob, am `brZolaSi~ 

imTaviTve qarTvelTa miTosuri xedviT, `mzis dabadebis~ cikli unda 

davinaxoT. Sesabamisad, `gveleSapis~ miTo-religiuri saxe iseTive 

`kanonikuria~ rogorc `cxenisa~. gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom gvelica da 

gveleSapic, qarTveluri modgmis tomebis uZvelesi sakulto xatsimboloebia. 

amis dasturia Tundac gvelis saxiT warmodgenili fuZis 

angelozi da aseve gvelis kultSi gacxadebuli svaneTSi arsebuli 

meziris kulti; aqve movigonoT isic, rom muxaze dakidebul oqros 

sawmiss swored gvelveSapi icavs, rac mis sakulto-sakralur xasiaTs 

usvams xazs. 

Tuki cxenisa da gvelis brZolas mzis dabadebis cikls 

davukavSirebT, maSin, bunebrivia cxenis simboloSic solaruli sawyisebi 

davinaxoT. marTlac, jer erTi SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos is faqti, rom 

mcirewlovani cxenis saxeli – gerge, pirvel rigSi, gvaxsenebs mglis 

megrul-lazur saxels – geri, xolo orive maTgani ki wm. giorgis 

116

`mziur~ xatebas. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, gavixsenoT Tundac geris 

wminda giorgis saxeli(121,136). amasTanave, asakmcire cxenis saxeli 

`gerge~, rogorc aRiniSna, pirdapir emTxveva wm. giorgis erT-erT svanur 

saxels - `gergem~: `gergemiS sofelia azanTis sas. sabWoSi. es iseTive 

warmoSobis toponimia, rogoric aris `barmiS~. `gergemiS~ toponimSi –iS 

svanuri sufiqsis Camocilebis Semdeg gvrCeba fuZe-sityva `gergem~, 

romelic svanurad wm. giorgis kults aRniSnavs, xolo `ligergi~ _ 

svanurad giorgobaa~(67,259). 

cxenis simbolos mziur semantikaSi gansaxilvelad, yuradRebas 

iqcevs cxenis iseTi sakulto saxeli, rogoricaa – berkvici., romelic 

ganmartebulia mxolod rogorc `beberi kvici~. misi pirvelmniSvneloba 

SesaZloa yofiliyo, RvTaeba-mzis saxelze `dayenebuli~, Sewiruli 

cxenis saxeli, iseve rogorc, erT dros bermuxa unda yofiliyo mzis 

sakulto xe. Sesabamisad, gamoTqmaSi `cxens moagelvebso~ unda 

wavikiTxoT ara mxolod mglis lazuri saxeli – geri, aramed am 

sakulto cxovelis mziur-cecxlovani bunebac, vinaidan fSaur kiloSi 

`geleba, gelaoba, elvasaviT datanebas, daqrolebas, Wenebas 

niSnavs~(115,62). 

sxvaTaSoris, aseTive sakulto mniSvneloba SeiZleboda hqonoda 

jixvis mTiulur-gudamayrul saxels – berxeni, romelic aseve 

ganmartebulia, rogorc `daberebuli jixvi~(97,70). gavixsenoT isic, rom 

jixvi mgel-jixvaobis ritualSic monawileobs, Tanac dawyvilebulia 

mziuri semantikis mqone mglis saxelTan. ar aris gamoricxuli, xalxur 

leqsSi, `vefxvisa da moymis~ Sesaxeb, axalgazrda monadiris tragikuli 

daRupva ukavSirdebodes sakraluri jixvis - berxenis mkvlelobasac, 

romelic SesaZloa am SemTxvevaSi, nadirTRvTaebis erT-erTi miwieri 

xateba iyo: 

`jixvsa Tof davkar berxensa, 

Walas jaxn iqnen rqisani~ (99,242). 

savaraudebelia, `ber-xenSic,~ religiuri semantikis Semcvel `ber~ 

marcvlis warmoCeniT, xazgasmuli yofiliyo, upirveles yovlisa, am 

cxovelis sakulto-religiuri xasiaTi. 

117

davubrundeT berkvics. n. mari, eZebs ra iafetur Zirebs udmurtul 

enaSi, xazgasmiT miuTiTebs cxenisa da mgel-ZaRlis kultebis 

urTierTkavSirze da maT `mziur~ warmomavlobaze. avtori wm. giorgis 

kultTan maT kavSirzec saubrobs: `собственно, «собака» kon↔kun, с падением k 

(←k) →h→- :on↔un, как должно было звучать, на своем месте мы уже видели, « бог», 

«небо»(ср. в комийском названии «волк» kу-in), на юге мы имеем сибилянтную 

разновидность шun «собака» и спирантную hon-e ↔hun-e у древних грузин «лошадь», то 

же слово, что русск. «конь» kon-e. 

Оба домашних животных были тотемами, потому, когда сваны сами себя именуют 

не только шwan, mu-шwan, мн. ч. шuan-ar, но и mu-шwni, mu-шn-er, mu-шni-er, а язык 

свой – lu-шnu, то независимо от возможного, но не обязательного возведения шwan к шоn 

по разложению губного гласного (о↔wa), они именуют себя, следовательно, 

разновидностями названия шon↔шun, тотема «собаки», а когда рядом в Раче город On-i, в 

Имерии недалеко от города Кутаиса город Qon-i, то это города также во имя тотема 

«собаки» или, точнее, «лошади» не потому только, что здесь спирантная разновидность, 

как в древнелитературном грузинском слове hun-i [↔hon-i] «лошадь», но и потому, что в 

Имерии же откопано в Борийском кладе блюдо с изображением культовой лошади перед 

алтарем. 

...связь космического Амирана-Солнца, resp. христианского св. Саргиса 

«Победоносца» с собачкой, это связь христианского же Георгия Победоносца с 

лошадью, это раздвоение первичной цельности, выделение новой культовой единицы, 

эпического героя, полубога в образе уже человека, вместо исчезнувшего «солнца», 

смененного отходившими в тень одомашненными животными, верными спутниками 

(«собакой», за «собакой» «лошадью»)~(64,518). 

amrigad, n. maris mier moyvanili masala kidev ufro aaxlovebs 

mgel-ZaRlisa da cxenis sakulto saxelebs da maT gveleSapismmusvrel 

RvTaebaTa erTian solarul sistemaSi aqcevs. 

me-2 saukuniT daTariRebuli, boris Tasi armazidan, romelzedac 

bomonis winaSe mdgari cxenia gamosaxuli, rasac xazs usvams n. mari, 

migviTiTebs am cxovelis sakulto mniSvnelobaze, mis kavSirze cecxlis 

stiqiasTan. sxvaTaSoris, sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, movigonoT isic, rom 

xevsureTSi miRebuli iyo iaxsaris xatisTvis kvicebis Sewirva: ìaxsaris 

xatSi aTengenobas winaT qistebic modiodnen Turme. qistebi am xats 

kvicebs uklavdnen da iaxsars cxenebis gamravlebas SesTxovdnen. dRes ki 

iaxsaris xats amRelebi saremaos uxdian. am mizniT, rodesac cxeni kvics 

118

moigebs, cxenis patronma kvicis magier iaxsars cikani an batkani unda 

dauklas, Torem, xalxis rwmeniT, kvici ar gaizrdeba~(56,260). 

zemoT naTqvamis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tuki wm. giorgis cxenic `mziuri~ 

niSniTaa dadaRuli, SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom etimologiurad cxeni 

axlos dgas cxelTan, anu siTbosTan, e.i. cecxlTanac da Sesabamisad 

sicocxlesTanac, rac qarTvelTa rwmena-warmodgeniT swored cecxlTanaa 

asocirebuli: `keraSi danTebuli cecxli ojaxis arsebobisa da misi 

sicocxlis unarianobis gamomxatvel simbolod iqca. amis safuZvelze 

cecxlis gamoqroba ojaxis arsebobis Sewyvetas moaswavebda. cecxls 

keraSi axvevdnen da inaxavdnen, raTa misi gaqrobiT ojaxis 

keTildReobisaTvis ziani ar mieyenebinaT~(103,92). niSandoblivia isic, rom 

sicocxle qarTvelTaTvis gulisxmobs ara marto saaqao, aramed saiqio 

cxovrebasac; amitomac, cecxlisa da sicocxlis gadmomcemi `cx~ 

nawilaki qarTvelebma Casdes sulis saukuno netarebis gadmomcem iseT 

sityvaSi, rogoricaa – cxoneba. qarTuli cxoneba, iseve rogorc misi 

megruli Sesatyvisi – Cxonafasi atarebs cecxlis ideas, romelic 

qarTvelTa rwmena-warmodgeniT, maradiuli sicocxlis xat-simboloa: 

`sainteresoa etimologia sityvisa cxovneba anu megruli Cxonafa-si. misi 

Ziri qarTulad cx, xolo megrulad Cx. aqedan warmoebuli sityvebi: Cxe _ 

cxeli, daCxiri _ cecxli, anu rac iwvis, rac sicocxlisaTvis saWiroa, 

Cxuru_ucxelo_sicive, Cxana_rac aTbobs_mze, Cxonafa_Tbilad yofna anu 

arseboba, cxovreba, cxovneba. ai, am Cxonafa-s an saiqioSi sulis mier 

cxovrebis gangrZobas usurveben megrelebi TavianT micvalebuls~(65,184). 

sxvaTaSoris, `cx~ nawilaki Caido magiur-religiuri datvirTvis 

mqone `cxra~-Sic, romelic mzesTan asocirdeba, gamoTqmaSi: `cxraTvala 

mze~. 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aseve arsebobs mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad 

`qarTuli sityva “cxovreba” warmodgeba “cxvar” (“cxovar”) fuZisagan. 

saqarTvelos teritoriaze mecxvareoba unda dawinaurebuliyo Sua 

brinjaos xanaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, unda vifiqroT, rom odesRac 

“cxovreba” mecxvareobas, SesaZloa saerTod mesaqonleobasac aRniSnavda~ 

(71,341). 

vfiqrob, Zneli warmosadgenia, rom ganviTarebuli miwaTmoqmedebisa 

da mevenaxeobis qveyanaSi maincdamainc mecxvareoba yofiliyo `cxovrebis~ 

119

aRmniSvneli da ganmsazRvreli. `cxvarSic~ da cxovarSic~, vfiqrob, unda 

cecxlisa da mzis aRmniSvneli konteqstebi veZeboT; gavixsenoT Tundac 

didi dedis _ nanas `mzis baRi~, sadac mgelTan erTad, òqros verZi~ Tu 

òqros erkemali~ imyofeba, romelic maradiuli sicocxlis xatsimboloa. 

naTqvamTan dakavSirebiT, isic movigonoT, rom mzis RvTaeba 

barbolis, anu dekembris TveSi, qarTvelTa rwmeniT, daaxloebiT 21-dan 

24-mde periodSi, anu manam sanam 25 dekembers moxdeba dRis mateba, rac 

mzis yovelwliur `dabadebasTanaa~ asocirebuli, mze verZis sam naxtoms 

akeTebs (14,85), rac kidev erTxel, am sakulto cxovelis mziur semantikas 

gvaxsenebs. aqve isic gavixsenoT, rom qarTvelTa rwmeniT, ~aRdgomas mze 

cxvars eTamaSeba _ xan maRla isvris da Semdeg iWers, xan kocnis da 

sxv.~(14,86). 

ra Tqma unda, `cxvari~ SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes `cxovrebas~, magram 

maTi makavSirebeli `cx~ nawilaki maradiul sicocxlesTan asocirebuli 

cecxlis stiqiaa, romelsac yofiTi daniSnulebisa garda, sulieri 

datvirTvac aqvs, vinaidan `saRvTo werilSi zeciuri samyaro yvelaze 

xSirad cecxlTan dakavSirebul saxeebSia simbolizirebuli~(40,55). 

swored, cecxlis stiqiaSi gacxadebuli es `sulieri~ impulsia qarTuli 

miTosuri azrovnebiT, cxovrebisa da sicocxlis momcemi da 

pirvelSemqmneli. 

dabolos, Tuki sakulto `cxenSi~, saaqao da saiqio cxovrebis, 

maradiuli `cecxlis~ xateba imaleba, SemTxveviTi arc is unda iyos, rom 

xevsurebi micvalebulis mosagonrad marTaven doRs, romelSic 

micvalebulis e.w. sulis cxens pirveli adgili ukavia. am cxens sadoRed 

sagangebod kazmaven(56,203). niSandoblivia isic, rom `sulis cxeni 

saxeldadebulia da saiqioSi is micvalebuls unda emsaxuros, amitom 

misi kargi movla da Senaxva saWiroa. am dakurTxeul cxenze tvirTis 

akideba ar SeiZleba~(56,206). 

amrigad, cxenis solaruli aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, meti 

siTamamiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom wm. giorgis sakraluri xateba dasabams 

poulobs kosmiuri wylebidan mzis dabadebis qarTul miTologemaSi, rac 

Tavis mxriv, dakavSirebuli unda iyos kvdomad da aRdgenad RvTaebebTan, 

romlebic aseve solarul ciklSi arian gaazrebulni. wm. giorgis 

gamanayofierebeli fuqciebi swored mis mziur bunebas unda 

120

ukavSirdebodes. sxvaTaSoris, aqedan gamomdinarea, rom wm. giorgis, igive 

jgragis dResaswaulze svaneTSi am dRes arafris gacema ar SeiZleba, miT 

umetes fulis sesxeba (aRniSnuli informacia momawoda zemosvaneTis, 

sof. lenjeris mcxovrebma, n. guledanma, zemosvaneTSi savele muSaobis 

dros 2008 wlis ivlisSi). movigonoT isic, rom rogorc aRiniSna ukve, wm. 

giorgi mefe-patarZlis jvaris damwericaa: 

`vin daswers jvarsa Cvens nefiansa, 

wm. giorgi is daswers jvarsa!~ (39,149) 

wm. giorgis mziur-gamanayofierebeli xasiaTi mocemulia aseve 

xaxmatis jvarisadmi dakarguli saqonlis Sexvewebis teqstSi, romelSic 

wm. giorgi moxsenebulia rogorc `cxrajer cxrav wmindav 

giorgio~(121,87). aqve movigonoT isic, rom `folkloruli monacemebis 

mixedviT, àrdi~ iyo `cxraTvala mze~. etyoba `cxra~ magiuri Zalis 

ricxvad miaCndaT qarTvelTa winaprebs, razedac metyvelebs gamoTqmebi: 

cxra suli, cxraklituli, cxra wyaro da sxv. gamoricxuli araa, rom 

amgvari rwmenisaTvis safuZvels iZleoda, bunebis erT-erTi udidesi 

saidumloebis, Casaxva-mSobiarobis procesis xangrZlivoba (cxra 

Tve)~(70,46). 

dabolos, gavixsenoT, jvar-xatTa erT-erTi sadidebeli: `Senamc 

ididebi, kotias wmindao giorgio, wiTelaurTa salocavo~(121,114). wminda 

giorgis saxelTan `kotias~ xseneba xom pirdapir gvaxsenebs kvdomadi da 

aRdgenadi RvTaeba – lazares tabuirebul saxels - `kotia~, riTac 

swored am RvTaebis faliur-gamanayofierebeli funqciaa wina planze 

wamoweuli. ai, kidev erTi dasturi imisa, Tu rogor siaxloves iCens 

kvdomad da aRdgenad RvTaebebTan wm. giorgis kulti. 

swored wm. giorgis, igive jgragis mziur-gamanayofierebeli 

xasiaTidan gamomdinarea isic, rom masTan dakavSirebuli aRmoCnda mglis 

sakulto saxeli, romelic kvdomadi da aRdgenadi RvTaebebis erT-erTi 

zoomorfuli simboloc unda yofiliyo, razedac unda mowmobdes 

adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklis zemoT moyvanili xeTur-qarTuli 

paralelebi. 

saintereso iqneboda, am TvalTaxedviT danaxuli seTis wm. giorgis 

121

eklesiaSi dabrZanebuli droSa _ lemTan dakavSirebuli rituali. 

marTalia, es ukanaskneli maincdamainc gazafxulis dadgomas ar emTxveva, 

magram mravali niSnis mixedviT, vfiqrob, is saerTos amJRavnebs 

dReobaTa sagazafxulo ciklTan. aRniSnuli SemTxveviTobiT ar aixsneba 

Tuki movigonebT, rom am ritualis Catarebis erT-erTi mTavari mizani 

marcvleuli kulturebis moyvanasa da zogadad, mosavlianobanayofierebas 

ukavSirdeboda. Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im garemoebas, 

rom lemTan dakavSirebuli rituali tardeboda seqtemberSi da ivnisSi, 

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom is ukavSirdeboda Semodgomisa da zafxulis 

dReRamsworobas, Tumca gadaWriT aq verafers vityviT. 

amasTanave, droSis warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebuli `sabrZolo~ 

qveteqstebi `meoradi~ unda iyos, xolo misi safuZvelTa safuZvelia 

nadirobasTan da gamravleba-nayofierebasTan dakavSirebuli xalxuri 

rwmena-warmodgenebi, romlebic uZvelesi qarTuli miTosiTaa 

nasazrdoebi. aRvniSnoT isic, rom am droSis `mtrisgan warTmeva~, 

`brZolis velze misi mopoveba~, aseT farTomaStabian kultis sagnad mas 

ver aqcevda; Sesabamisad, am versiis warmoSoba ufro `profanuli~ unda 

iyos. 

axla SevecadoT davinaxoT Tavad ritualis arsi. aRsaniSnavia, rom 

cxenze amxedrebuli `lemi mugvene~-s, igive `melome~-s xeliT 

zeaRmarTuli saweso droSa _ lemi doRis dros qariT ibereba: `При 

спокойном положении изображение висит на древке бесформенной массой, а при 

движении знамени оно наполняется воздухом, вздувается и принимает форму 

животного~(12,38). xom ar SeiZleba davuSvaT varaudi, rom qariT 

`sulSTaberili~ droSiT xdeba wm. giorgis, igive jgragisa da RvTaeba 

lamarias zoomorfuli, sakulto-totemuri cxovelis _ mglis sakraluri 

`dabadeba~, romelic mosavlianobisa da nayofierebis garanti unda iyos. 

SemTxveviTi arc is unda iyos, rom swored qaris meSveobiT ìbrunebs~ 

sakulto cxoveli mis pirvandel, fizikur iers, vinaidan, qars zogadad, 

RvTaebrivi konotacia aqvs; amis dasturia Tundac iseTi gamoTqmis 

arseboba qarTulSi, rogoricaa `sulis STaberva~; sainteresoa isic, rom 

aqac, RvTaebriv-gamanayofierebeli semantikis momcveli `ber~ marcvali 

iCens Tavs, rac sruliad bunebrivad gvesaxeba, radgan saqme gvaqvs 

SobasTan, dabadebasTan, ganayofierebasTan. `qaris~ amgavri gaazreba 

122

mocemulia daviT-mefe winaswametyvelis sityvebSic: ùflis sityviT 

Seiqmna zeca da misi bageTa qariT – mTeli misi Semadgenloba~(fsalmuni, 

32(33),6). aqve gavixsenoT xevsureTSi dadasturebuli religiuri xasiaTis 

terminic: `piris qari~, romelic xucesis mier warmoTqmul, e.w. `Sesaval 

locvas~ gulisxmobs (65,43). sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, yuradsaRebia isic, 

rom wminda religiuri TvalsazrisiT, `ciur arsebebs “qarebsac” 

uwodeben, radgan isini uswrafesi freniT TiTqmis udrood efinebian 

yovelives. haerovani sulis “qarad” wodeba ciur gonebaTa 

RvTissaxovnebasac cxadyofs, radganac qaric Seicavs RmerTmTavruli 

moqmedebis xatsa da saxes. es gulisxmobs qaris mamoZravebelsa da 

cxovelmyofel bunebas, uswrafessa da daubrkolebel svlas, agreTve, 

misi moZraobis dasabamTa da dasasrulTa idumalebas, rac 

Seucnobelicaa CvenTvis da uxilavic. werili ambobs: “ar ici saidan 

modis igi, anda saiTken midis” (ioane 3,8)~(40,61). 

droSa `lemis~ qariT gabervasTan dakavSirebiT, isic movigonoT, 

rom `berikaobis ritualSi qalebi Camoabamen did saqanelas da dRe da 

Rame qanaoben. saqanelaze qanaoba miznad isaxavda ganwmendas da, meore 

mxriv, haeris gamanayofierebel ZalasTan SeerTebas. saqanela, saqanelaze 

qanaoba sagazafxulo dResaswaulis, sanaxaobis berikaobis Semadgeneli 

nawilia da mosavlianobis siuxvis da Svilierebis gamravlebis 

momaswaveblad aris miCneuli~(118,62,64,67). Tuki mxedvelobaSi miviRebT 

haeris gamanayofierebel Zalebs, doRSi gaberili `lemic~ berikaobis am 

ritualTan garkveul ideur kavSirs poulobs. 

lemis ritualSi sakulto mglis `dabadebis~ Sesaxeb Tvalsazriss 

Tu gaviziarebT, rac lamariasa da jgragis gamanayofierebel funqciebs 

unda ukavSirdebodes, davinaxavT Tu raoden axlos dgas es rituali 

Tavisi SinaarsiT da miTo-poeturi suraT-xatebiT RvTaebrivi `lekvis~ 

dabadebis xalxur motivTan, romelic samonadireo eposTan erTad 

dakavSirebulia sagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklTan da nayofierebasTanac. 

Tuki mglis droSa _ lemis pirvelSemqmneli RvTaeba lamariaa, 

movigonoT isic, rom nayofierebasTan dakavSirebul qvemosvanur 

muryvamobis ritualSi xeze droSas, RvTaeba lamarias gamosaxulebas da 

jvars erTidaigive datvirTva eZleva. swored qaluri pirvelsawyisia 

sakraluri xis, romlis dublikaticaa sakulto droSa, xolo Semdeg ki 

123

miTosuri mgel-ZaRlis dambadebeli Cvens mier zemoTganxilul leqsSi _ 

`qalsa vismes erqva SroSanao~. safiqrebelia, rom droSa-lemi sicocxlis 

xis alegoriaa, romelTanac mWidro kavSirSia mgel-ZaRlis simboloc; 

aRniSnuli TrialeTis Tasis siuJetiTac dasturdeba. rodesac 

nadirobisa da ganayofierebis mdedrul RvTaebas TandaTanobiT mamruli 

korelati enacvleba, lamarias `droSac~ jgragis `xelSi inacvlebs~. 

`lemis rituali~ sxva mxrivac sainteresoa. yuradRebas iqcevs is 

garemoeba, rom doRi iwyeba `dasavleTis~ sazRvridan da sruldeba 

swored àRmosavleTis~ niSnulTan, rac gvafiqrebinebs imas, rom am 

detalSic TiTqos `mzis dabadebis~ miTosuri xatebaa Camaluli. 

gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom `melome~ mxedris gamarjveba nayofierebisa 

da mosavlianobis aucilebeli garantiaa; amitomac, ritualSi `melome~-s 

saxiT mTeli simZlavriTaa `moqmedebaSi moyvanili~ yvela is miToreligiuri 

komponenti, ramac unda uzrunvelyos mxaris keTildReoba da 

mosavlianoba: es gaxlavT Tavad jgragis oreuli `naTlosani~ mxedari, 

romelsac xelSi uWiravs droSa, igive nayofierebis, sakraluri xis 

dublikati, romlis wverzec `cocxldeba~ miTosuri mgeli, lamariasa da 

jgragis zoomorfuli simbolo. man pirvelma unda `miirbinos~ 

àRmosavleTis mxares~, raTa iSvas rogorc gamanayofierebeli `mze~ da 

miT uzrunvelyos wlis ganmavlobaSi uxvi mosavali da baraqa. vfiqrob, 

Cvens mier ganxiluli mgel-ZaRlis simbolos yvela aspeqti, romelic mis 

solarul sawyisebze miuTiTebs, saweso droSa - lemTan dakavSirebuli 

ritualis amgvar konteqstSi danaxvis yvelanair winapirobas iZleva. 

minda kidev erTxel davubrunde xalxuri leqsis: `qalsa vismes 

erqva SroSanao~ lemis ritualTan mimarTebis sakiTxs. msurs gavixseno, 

rom leqsSi miTosur lekvs mziuri niSniT gamorCeuli qori Sobs, 

romelic naZvis xis kenweroSi ikeTebs budes. upirveles yovlisa, xazi 

gavusvaT im garemoebas, rom `sicocxlis xis~ kenweroSi davanebuli 

frinveli `mziuri~ xasiaTisaa. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, v. bardaveliZe 

SeniSnavs, rom `batonebis baRSi~ amosuli alvis xe gamoirCeva: `нежными, 

как нарцис, ветвями и сидящими на них различными птицами – соколом, в истории 

религии представлявшего солнечную птицу, и соловьями~(12,81). sxvaTaSoris, b. 

abaSiZe aseve SeniSnavs, rom `ZaRl-frinveli jer kidev sasanidur 

literaturaSi gvxvdeba. mkvlevar n. trevers ZaRl-frinvelis samSoblod 

124

kavkasia da irani miaCnia, mis samyofelad ialbuzis mTa iTvleba, rogorc 

sinaTlesTan, mzesTan axlos myofi arseba~(5,104). ZaRl-frinvelis 

samSoblo rom kavkasia unda yofiliyo amazed TiTqos isic unda 

mowmobdes, rom zmna – yefa ixmareba ara mxolod ZaRlTan dakavSirebiT, 

aramed frinvelTa xmis gadmosacemadac, Tanac iseTi gansxvavebuli 

frinvelebisa, rogorebic arian arwivi da bulbuli. 

niSandoblivia, isic, rom `leqsidan Cans, rom qori budeSi 

margalitis kvercxebs sdebs. qaliSvilebi ki, sagazafxulo saweso 

ferxulis Sesrulebis dros keTil Zalebs sTxoven, rom margalitis 

kvercxebidan gamoCekili erT-erTi bartyi maTTvis gazardon; ferxulis 

Sesrulebisas qaliSvilebi saqmros sTxovdnen keTil bunebas. im 

periodSi, igulisxmeba, rom saqarTveloSi Tayvans scemdnen frinvelebs; 

naxseneb frinvelebSi Zlieri da keTili arsebebi isxdnen. qaliSvilebs 

sjerodaT, rom aseTi kvercxebidan Sobili Wabuki kargi monadire unda 

gamosuliyo~(5,102). 

leqsSi sakulto frinvelis warmoCenasTan dakavSirebiT, b. abaSiZe 

askvnis Semdegs: `zemoT moyvanili leqsi `qalsa vismesa~... frinvelTa 

totemis periodSia Seqmnili, im xanebSi, roca adamiansa da keTil 

RvTaebas Soris Suamavlad frinveli (Citi, orbi, qori da sxv.) 

iTvleboda, romelic adamians karg beds uvlenda: qaliSvilebs saucxoo 

saqmroebs, xolo mamakacebs nadirobaSi karg beds aniWebda. SeiZleba 

davaskvnaT, rom moyvanili leqsis mixedviT, kargi ojaxis Semqmneli 

mamakacisa da kargi samonadireo bedic totemis, frinvelis kvercxidan 

iCekeba; kvercxi ki Zvirfasi qvisaa (margaliti, iagundi da sxv.); Zvirfasi 

qvebi _ miTologiasa da religiaSi keTili sulieri Zalebis samyofelad 

aris aRiarebuli. wminda qvis molze izrdeba `xe cxovrebisa~, 

romelzedac RvTaebrivi frinvelis abreSumis bude keTdeba da keTili 

adamianis bedi iCekeba. 

zemoT moyvanili leqsi saSualebas gvaZlevs vimsjeloT qarTul 

miTologiaze, kerZod, miTur qorze, Zvirfas qvaze da monadire ZaRl 

yurSaze, romelic orbis (qoris) lekvia~(5,106). 

amrigad, b. abaSiZis daskvna sayuradReboa imiTac, rom sagazafxulo 

saweso ferxulis Sesrulebis dros, am leqsSi Tavs iCens `saqorwilo 

motivebic~, rac sakulto-totemuri frinvelisTvis `kargi bedis~ 

125

TxovnaSi vlindeba. rogorc Cans, ganayofierebis es `mxarec~ `mziuri~ 

frinvelebis – qoris, orbis da a.S. prerogativa iyo. SemTxveviTi arc is 

unda iyos, rom Tavad sityvaSi - qorwili, imTaviTve sakulto 

mniSvnelobis mqone – qori Caido, romelsac aseve vxvdebiT 

nayofierebasTan dakavSirebul, saweso ferxulis saxelwodebaSi – 

qorbeRela. 

marTalia, seTis wm. giorgis droSa-lemis ritualSi sakulto 

`qori~ arsad ar sCans, magram qvecnobierad mainc ìgrZnoba~ misi 

arseboba. upirveles yovlisa, xazi gavusvaT imas, rom wm. giorgi `jvaris 

damwericaa~, Sesabamisad `mziur qorTan~ miTosuri kuTxiT 

daaxlovebuli. SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos isic, rom qarTuli xalxuri 

poeziisaTvis, romelsac miTosur wiaRSi udevs fesvebi, damaxasiaTebelia 

`mglisa~ da `qor-Sevardenis~ Sewyvileba. ase magaliTad gavixsenoT 

xalxuri leqsi wowres papa: 

`vina sTqva (enamc gahxmeba!) : `wowres papai beria~. 

beria, arc –ra beria, siaxle xelTa sWeria, 

cxenze Sejdeba – qorsa hgavs, dauqveiTebs – mgelia~ 

(99,237). 

niSandoblivia, rom leqsSi `papis~ Wabukuri SemarTeba mocemulia 

`mgelTan~ da `qorTan~ misi SedarebiT. Tanac daculia miTosuri xedvis 

`Tanmimdevrobac~. cxenze amxedrebuli papa ciuri `konteqstis~ Semcveli 

`qoris~ saxes iRebs, xolo qveiTad myofi ukve `mgelia~. erTgvarad, 

leqsi mexsierebaSi acocxlebs miTosuri yurSas dabadebis motivs, 

romelic marTalia xis kenweroze dabadebuli qoris Svilia, magram 

`miwaze~ ukve iRbliani monadiris erTguli ZaRlia. 

marTalia droSa-lemis – mgeli mTlad ZaRl-frinveli ar aris, 

magram ritualSi misi `dabadebis adgili~, miTosuri konteqstiT, im 

sakraluri xis kenweros ukavSirdeba, sadac qorma RvTaebrivi `lekvi~ 

unda Svas _ monadireTa Semwe da qaliSvilTa `bedis momtani~. droSalemis 

kavSiri wm. giorgis kultTan bunebrivad gvafiqrebinebs, rom 

`mziuri~ da sakulto TvisebebiT is miTiur `qorTanac~ unda avlendes 

erTgvar kavSirs. 

126

mxedvelobaSi miviRoT isic, rom sakulto saxeli – `qori (gori, 

gvari) Senobasac niSnavs da socialur erTeuls, gvars. socialuri 

erTeuli (gvari, gori, qori, saxli) maRlobze binadrobda da mtkice 

(socialur) organizacias warmoadgenda~(6,71). niSandoblivia isic, rom 

`qori, rogorc Senoba, maRal saxls niSnavs saxlze aSenebuls, saxli ki 

aseT Sinaars ar Seicavs~(iqve). amrigad sayuradReboa, rom qori, rogorc 

saxlis `zeda sivrce~ TiTqos ukavSirdeba im `xis kenweros~ sadac qors 

udevs bina. misi sakraluri buneba ki imaSi gamoixateba, rom saxlis zeda, 

bolo sarTuli, casTan meti siaxlovis gamo, salocavadac gamoiyeneboda. 

mxedvelobaSi miviRoT aseve `qoris~ enobrivi paraleli _ `gori~, 

romelic sadRac mogvagonebs kidec aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi 

gavrcelebul wm. giorgis erT-erT saxels – gorgi, iseve rogorc wm. 

giorgis arqetips _ gorgormavali monadiris gmirul saxes, rac albaT 

ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi Tuki zogadad, am sakulto saxels wm. giorgis 

kults davukavSirebT. 

wm. giorgis saxes Tuki aseve qveskneluri wylebidan `mzis 

dabadebis~ cikls davukavSirebT, isic movigonoT, rom `moZraobis 

amgvarsave cikls gadioda arwivic, romelic zesknelisa da qvesknelis 

damakavSirebeli iyo~(114,131), Sesabamisad ufro mkafiod SeiZleba 

warmovidginoT wm. giorgis kavSiri zogadad `mziuri~ niSniT gamorCeul 

frinvelebTan _ arwivTan, qorTan, orbTan da a.S. qarTuli xalxuri 

poeziis samonadireo eposis nimuSebSi es miTosuri frinvelebi xSirad 

mgelTan erTad mxatvrul saxeebs qmnian vaJkaci monadirisa, romlis 

mfarveladac swored jgragi, wm. giorgi moiazreboda. rogorc e. 

virsalaZe SeniSnavs, àmgvar metaforul SedarebaTa raodenoba 

dausrulebelia. zogjer leqsi amgvar SedarebaTa mTel sistemazea 

agebuli: 

Tval uzis TvalajaiZes jurxasa Savardnisao. 

xmasa gagitexs xevsureTs, muxlsa Saibams mglisao. 

winav gudaniT movalis Zali gudanis jvrisao; 

imas Rerenam mosdiva arwivma sinsiliTao. 

bloel berdia mavida, qor mxar-bolosa Slisao; 

xirClam saferxe Saxkazma, ze orbi Sajda mxriTao. 

127

lo-Rele gadaavlia, saZele kinkiliTao~(39,162). 

aqve droulia imis gaxsnebac, rom qarTul xalxur leqsSi, kai yma, 

arwivi da mgeli vaJkacobisa da silaRis erTian simbolur saxeebs qmnian: 

`kai yma, mgeli, arwivi, 

arc erTi ar gaiwurTneba; 

mgeli ar moSlis mglobasa, 

kai yma mamacobasa 

arwivi arwivobasa – 

mTis yureT nadirobasa~(105,4). 

niSandoblivia isic, rom arwivi, viTarca RvTaebrivi frinveli, 

iTvleboda mSoblad frigieli mefis – gorgiosisa, romlis saxelsac e. 

virsalaZe swored wm. giorgis arqetipad miiCnevs: `berZnuli uzenaesi 

RmerTis – zevsi – wminda frinveli aris arwivi. winad ki arwivi, rogorc 

vTqvi, TviTon iyo RmerTi da am RmerTisgan warmoSobilad iTvlebian 

mefeni: babilonSi (gilgameSi), sparseTSi (aexemenes), lidiaSi da frigiaSi 

(tantales da gorgios)~(77,454). avtorisve SeniSvniT `mTels aRmosavleTSi 

arwivi mze-RmerTTanaa dakavSirebuli... yvelgan da saberZneTSi arwivi 

mzis Svilad iTvleboda. mxolod arwivs SeuZlia mzes Tvalebi gauCeros 

da mas pirdapir Sexedos; igia erTad erTi frinveli, romels ZaluZs 

mzes miuaxlovdes~(iqve). miTologiaSi arwivs adareben feniqssac, 

romelic kvdomadi da aRdgenadia da am SedarebaSi gamosWvivis qarTul 

miTosSi dadasturebuli `mzis ciklTan~ arwivis kavSiri. momyavs v. 

nozaZis sityvebi: `sainteresoa, fiziologos-Si (Tavi 9), romelic 

qarTulad naTargmnia meaTe saukuneze adre, arwivis Sesaxeb Semdegia 

naTqvami: roca igi berdeba, frTebi umZimdeba da TvalT sinaTle 

akldeba; maSin igi eZebs wyaros da mifrinavs eTerSi mzisaken, am wyaros 

pirdapir; mze swvavs mis frTebs da TvalT, magram igi CaeSveba wyaroSi, 

ibanavebs samjer da Wabukdeba-o. maSasadame, `fiziologos~-Si arwivi aris 

CvenTvis ukve kargad cnobili feniqsi~(77,458). 

aqve aRvniSnoT, rom qarTul miTSi arwivi `nawiliani~ frinvelia, 

`mxarkveriania~, rac mis RvTaebrivobaze miuTiTebs, miT umetes, rom sof. 

128

dafnarSi (samtrediis raioni) aRmoCenil WurWelze gamoxatulia – 

arwivkaci (119,111). aRniSnuli faqti, arwivis uZveless, sakulto-totemur 

funqciebze gvafiqrebinebs, roca adamiani winapari-totemi cxovelisa Tu 

frinvelis pirdapir STamomavlad miiCnevda sakuTar Tavs. 

dabolos, sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, maxsendeba egviptelTa 

SevardnisTaviani solaruli RvTaeba _ xori (horosi), romlis simboloc 

frTosani mzis disko iyo(35,52). xori (horosi) raRaciT wm. giorgis 

kultsac gvaxsenebs, vinaidan erT-erT koptur stelaze igi gamosaxulia 

rogorc gveleSapismmusvreli RvTaeba, romelic SubiT gmiravs ara 

gveleSaps, aramed xTonuri wylebis binadar niangs (34,195), romlis 

saxeSic horosis mamis, osirisis mkvleli biZa, boroti RvTaeba _ seTi 

moiazreba (27,627). am stelaze xori SevardenisTaviania, riTac swored 

misi `mziuri~ xasiaTi unda iyos mocemuli. 

amrigad, jgragis, wm. giorgis kulti dakavSirebulia qarTuli 

miTologiis `mzis dabadebis~ ciklTan da Sesabamisad, masSi vlindebian 

`mziuri~ konotaciis cxovelebi: cxeni da mgeli da zemoT naTqvamis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, gamoricxuli araa aseve `mziuri~ xasiaTis 

frinvelebic: arwivi, qori, orbi da sxv, romlebic marTalia `lemis~ 

ritualSi ar sCanan, magram Tavs iCenen miTosuri ZaRl-frinvelis 

`yurSas~ dabadebis motivebSi, romelic monadireobasa da 

nayofierebasTan dakavSirebul adresagazafxulo dReobaTa cikls 

ukavSirdeba. es cikli, Tavisi ritualebiT da sasimRero motivebiT, 

miTosur `siaxloves~ iCens Cvens mier zemoTganxilul `lemis~ 

ritualTanac, romlis gamarTvac ukavSirdeba rogorc jgragis, wm. 

giorgis kults, aseve safiqrebelia, nayofierebis, marcvleuli 

kulturebis da Svilierebis uZveless RvTaeba – lamarias saxes. 

miTosuri komponentebis identobam da maTma Sinaarsobrivma siaxlovem 

gvafiqrebina, rom rodesac `lemi~ qariT ibereboda SesaZloa `yurSas~ 

darad, adgili hqonoda jgragisa da lamarias sakulto datvirTvis mqone 

cxovelis – mglis `dabadeba-gansxeulebas~, rasac nayofiereba da 

gamarjveba unda moetana mTeli zemo svaneTisaTvis. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom seTis wm. giorgis sadResaswaulo rituali, 

romelSic mglis gamosaxulebiani saweso droSa – lemi monawileobs, 

saerToqarTuli miTosuri ZirebiTaa nasazrdoebi da misi ganxilva 

129

qarTuli, adreqristianuli religiuri panTeonis wiaRSi unda moxdes, 

gamravleba-nayofierebasTan dakavSirebuli im uZvelesi solaruli 

rwmena-warmodgenebis fonze, sadac mgel-ZaRlis simbolos arcTu 

mciredi roli da funqcia akisria. 

130

3) mgel-ZaRlis simbolos xTonuri aspeqtebi 

rogorc cnobilia, `mgeli/ZaRli, rogorc daraji an mcveli, 

drakonTan, gvelTan da Sesabamisad veSapTan erTad (mari, tolstovi) 

klasificirdeba qvewarmavalTa klasis warmomadgenlebTan, e.i. qvesknelis 

binadrebTan (2,58). qarTvelTa miTosur ZaRls – yurSas, rogorc ukve 

aRiniSna, aseve mkafiod gamokveTili xTonuri aspeqti gaaCnia, rasac xazs 

usvams n. abakelia: `yurSa Tavisi aRwerilobis mixedviT, g. SaraSiZis 

mixedviT, Tavisuflad SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT urCxulisebr cxovelTa 

klass, romelnic qarTul miTologiur tradiciaSi ganisazRvrebian 

rogorc mgel-ZaRlni. aRniSnuli mgel-ZaRlis simbolo ramodenime 

rakursidan SeiZleba davinaxoT: (samonadireo eposSi misi zogadi saxe 

konkretuli saxeliTaa warmodgenili). erTi mxriv, Savi feris gamo da 

aseve, imis gamo, rom ZaRli (zogadad) qalRvTaebis (nadirTpatronis) 

atributs an mis erT-erT cxovelur saxecvlilebas warmoadgens, igi 

xTonur samyarosTanaa dakavSirebuli (yurSa anu yurSavi SaveTis 

warmomadgeneli). amis damadasturebelia eTnografiul yofaSi 

SemorCenili rwmena-warmodgenebi ZaRlze da aseve materialuri 

kulturis Zeglebzec~(2,76). 

xTonur samyarosTan mglis kavSirze unda miuTiTebdes sofel 

dafnarSi napovni qvevrsamarxis qveda frizze mgel-ZaRlis 

gamosaxulebac(48,57), romelsac garkveuli paraleli etruskul 

kulturaSi moepoveba, sadac mglis gamosaxulebas damkrZalav urnaze 

vxvdebiT (sur.#7). 

naTqvamis sailustraciod, interesmoklebuli ar unda iyos 

etruskuli miTologiis gaxsenebac: “miwisqveSeTis mbrZanebeli 

RvTaebebis etruskuli wyvilia aita-persepnei, romlebic berZnul hadespersefones 

wyvils Seesatyviseba. persepnei gamosaxulia or samgloviaro 

freskaze tarkviniaSi. RmerT-qali dabrZanebulia hadesis gverdiT, 

miwisqveSeTis mdidar sasaxleSi. persepneis TmebSi ori gveli yavs 

Caxveuli. aita-hadess moxuruli aqvs mglis tyavis mosasxami da xelSi 

gvelebi uWiravs. igi RvTaeba mgelia, xolo misi Tanamecxedre persipnei – 

RvTaeba Zu mgelia da am SesamosiT igi axlos dgas romis daarsebis 

legendasTan, miTiur Zu mgelTan” (89,90). 

131

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi dadasturebuli rwmenawarmodgenebis 

Tanaxmad, `suleTSi~ Sesasvlels swored wyvili ZaRli 

icavs, riTac xazgasmulia mgel/ZaRlis rogorc miRmieri samyaros 

darajis funqcia. aRniSnuli rwmena-warmodgena bevr saintereso detals 

Seicavs, risTvisac mizanSewonilad mimaCnia misi met-naklebad sruli 

saxiT moyvana: 

`rodesac axlad micvalebuls `suleTs~ Seiyvandnen, mas pirvelad 

`bewvis xidzed~ gaatarebdnen. `bewvis xidi~ kupris alzea gadebuli. vinc 

`samzeos~ didi codvis mqmnelia, xididan gadavardeba da kupris alSi 

Cavardeba. 

vinc naxevrad codviania da `sakuprisale~ ar aris, is xidze gava. 

`bewvis xidis~ iqiT Zalian didi, triali mindoria; mindoris SuaSi didi 

cixea. cixe oTxi Tvalia. am cixes garedan aqvs modgmuli kibe wveramde. 

cixes didi, ganieri da maRali karebi aqvs Sebmuli da karebTan ori 

didi ZaRli abia: erTi erT gverdze da meore meore gverdze. am ori 

ZaRlis SuaSi karebTan zis metad didi, beberi kaci `suleTis karis 

yarauli~. vinc `bewvis xids~ gavida, mas am kacTan miiyvanen da es kaci 

ityvis, Tu sad unda Seiyvanon. rodesac es beberi gauSvebs mkvdars, 

ZaRlebi gamoekidebian. mkvdari ubidan `sagZalT~ amoiRebs, romelic 

dasflavebis win `samzeodan~ gaatanes, ZaRlebs gadauyris da isini 

moeSvebian. 

amis Semdeg suls erT oTaxSi Seiyvanen, sadac `bWeni~ sxedan, 

daudgamen `saunjo~ skams da dajdeba. `bWeT~ yvelaferi ician misi 

Canadeni codva da madli. Tu sajojoxeToa jojoxeTSi gagzavnian; Tu 

madliania, maSin iq dastoveben, sxva mkvdrebTan~(65,59). 

zemomotanil masalas mxolod imas davumatebdi, rom ZaRlisTvis 

gadagdebul `sagZalSi~ e.w. `mkvdris puri~ unda vigulisxmoT. naTqvamis 

sailustraciod, momyavs T. oCiauris mier qarTlSi dafiqsirebuli 

savele masala: `gamosveneba icodnen SuadRis Semdeg, mze rom 

gadaixreboda. micvalebuls Tmasa da frCxils moaWridnen. ori qvrivi 

dedakaci kubos aqeT-iqidan amoudgeboda da sagangebod gamomcxvar e.w. 

mkvdris purs micvalebulis gulze oTxad gadatexavdnen. puris natexebs 

an boRliwosTvis gamoiyenebdnen (RvinoSi Caalbobdnen) an ZaRlebs 

gadaugdebdnen, rac iSviaTad xdeboda. Cveulebriv, micvalebulis pirze 

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nafareb sacerze rom ido, ZaRls im purs ugdebdnen. ZaRlisTvis puris 

gadagdebis wess adgilobrivni Semdegnairad xsnian: 1. saiqios Sesasvlel 

karebSi micvalebuls ori ZaRli daxvdeba da Tu zemoxsenebuli wesi ar 

SeusrulebiaT, saiqioSi ar uSveben. 2. ZaRlisTvis puris gadagdeba 

saiqios madlad eTvlebaT (“saiqios Turme erTi dedakaci iseTia, rom 

qveyanaze araferi gacemuloba ara aqvs. aq saaqaos erTi Zuknia 

ZaRlisTvis kuti gadaugdia, saiqios is ZaRli misula, kuti miutania da 

imiT dauxsnia is qali”.) 3. ZaRlisTvis puris gadagdeba daixsnis am pirs 

arasasurveli micvalebulis sizmarSi naxvisagan (“Tu sizmarSi sxvisasa 

xedavs da finTada aqvs dacdili, zarali icis, _ kuts Sendobas etyvis 

da ZaRls gadaugdebs. mere Tavis dReSi veRara naxams imasa”. ZaRls 

“kutsac gadaugdebdnen. Tu naxe sizmarSi mkvdario da aRar geSvebao, 

ZaRls kuti gadaugdeo da uTxario _ ai es kutio da sizmarSi nuRar 

meCvenebio, momeSvio” (s. qsovrisi, 1948w. sofio maxaraSvili, 50w.). 

warmodgenebi suleTis Sesaxeb qarTlSi ZiriTadad iseTivea, 

rogorc saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi, gansxvaveba igrZnoba calkeul 

SexedulebebSi. qarTlSi Sekrebili yvela monacemi rom gavaerTianoT 

ZiriTadad aseTs suraTs miviRebT: saiqio qvesknelSia (zogi masaliT 

caSi). gardacvlils saiqios karebTan ori ZaRli xvdeba, romlebic im 

SemTxvevaSi gaatareben mas, Tu ZaRlisTvis saaqaos puri aqvT 

gadagdebuli (mkvdris gulze gadatexili, kutad Cavardnili). saiqio 

sustad ganaTebuli samyaroa, zogi masaliT sinaTles aq gaCaxCaxebuli 

sanTlebi ayenebs, romlebic saaqaos micvalebulTaTvis enTeba. aris 

masala imis Sesaxeb rom saiqios Tavisi manaTobeli mze aqvs~(79,19,21). 

zemoaRniSnuli qarTuli rwmena-warmodgena saiqio cxovrebaze, 

paralels poulobs sxva kulturebTan. gavixsenoT Zveli egvipturi 

rwmena-warmodgenebi, romlis Tanaxmadac, `samoTxis eqvivalents 

warmoadgenda ìalus mindvrebi~. saboloo netarebis miRweva SeeZlo 

mxolod imas, vinc ucodvelad da keTilad gaatara dedamiwaze cxovrebis 

wlebi. micvalebuli warsdgeboda Tavad osirisis winaSe. igi 

garSemortymuli iyo micvalebulTa samyaros 42 demoniT. iqve iyo anubisi 

– ZaRlTaviani RvTaeba, romelsac micvalebuli ialus mindvrebSi 

gadahyavda. aq micvalebuli warmoTqvamda Tavisi ucodvelobis 

133

damamtkicebel sityvas, `codvebis uaryofis~ sityvas, ris Semdegac misi 

simarTlis Sesamowmeblad, simarTlisa da wesrigis qalRmerTi maati 

wonida mis guls, romelsac frinvelis bumbuli ar unda gadaewona, 

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas erT-erTi demoni STanTqavda~(108,128). 

vfiqrob, qarTul-egvipturi miTologiuri xedvebi bevrgan emTxveva: 

upirveles yovlisa, micvalebulTa sulis gadamyvani anubisi swored 

`ZaRlis Taviania~, rac mogvagonebs `suleTis cixis~ mcvel ZaRlebs. aqac 

`suleTi~ mwvane mindorTanaa asocirebuli; osirisi 42 demoniT 

gvaxsenebs `cixis darajs~ da im `bWeebs~, romlebic suls sjian. 

`frinvelis bumbuliT~ gardacvlilis `gulis awonva~ erTgvarad 

uaxlovdeba `bewvis xidis~ gavlis motivs, sadac imave principiT, codvamadlis 

gankiTxva xdeba. 

berZnuli miTologiis Tanaxmad, miwisqveSa hadesis mcveli aseve 

uzarmazari mgel/ZaRli – kerberosia: `samTaviani ZaRlia hadesis mcveli 

kerberosi, sxeuli gvelebiT aqvs dafaruli da kudic gvelisa aqvs, 

veeberTela enagadmogdebuli xaxebidan ki Sxamiani nerwyvi Camosdis~(19, 

57). sainteresoa, rom ZaRlisTvis puris gadagdebis motivi, kerberosTanac 

gvxvdeba, rasac aRniSnavs n. abakelia: ìmereTSi, Cvens mier (1989 wels) 

dafiqsirebul iqna saintereso termini `mekre-mebaJe~. es aris 

gansakuTrebuli formisa da zomis ritualuri puri, romelsac 

micvalebulisTvis gankuTvnil sxva purebTan erTad acxobdnen. es saxeli 

erTdroulad gulisxmobs mekres – mekares (karSi mdgoms, saiqios karSi 

mdgoms) da mebaJesac (baJis mimRebs). es puri ZaRlis purs unda 

gulisxmobdes, raTa man daindos micvalebuli. gavixsenoT herakles 

mogzauroba saiqioSi, sadac man Taflis namcxvriT daaSoSmina 

kerberi~(2,77). 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aseve sainteresoa kerberosTan axlos 

mdgomi etruskuli xTonuri RvTaeba – velTa, romelic mglis saxiTaa 

warmodgenili: `m. palotino velTas mindvrebis geniad warmogvidgens, 

xolo fr. meserSmidti am etruskuli demonis gamosaxulebas ramdenime 

urnazec ki xedavs, sadac Cans erTgan mgelTaviani, xolo meoregan mglis 

niRbiani da gvelebiani, miwidan amomavali RvTaeba~(49,71). 

mglis xTonuri kulti Tavs iCens samegrelos folklorSi 

dadasturebuli avsulebis – mzakvrebis saxeSi, romlebic mgelze 

134

amxedrebulebi daTareSoben, xolo maT dasaTrgunad mosaxleoba cecxls 

mimarTavs: `mzakvrebs yvelaze meti saqme WeWeToba Rames aqvT. WeWeToba 

agvistos TveSia. im saRamos yvela cecxls daanTebs da zed gadaaxteba. 

e.i. mzakvrebs wvaven. im saRamos mzakvrebi mglebze zian. jaSgviduSi 

lagami aqvT amodebuli. amosakravic jaSgvidusa aqvT, daSliginoben. 

ikribebian tabakonaze. aq inawileben saqmes – vin sad da ra gaakeTos. 

WeWeToba Rames dilamde darbian da daTareSoben~(101,99). amasTanave, 

`tabakona – mTaa martvilis raionSi, romlis RrmulSi marad beberi 

boroti arseba, mzakvarTa meTauri rokapia davanebuli. rokapi hekates 

tipologiuri saxesxvaobaa, WeWeToba Rames tabakonze imarTeboda 

mzakvarTa Sekreba, seroba~(iqve). 

germanul miTologiaSi saintereso kuTxiT gvxvdeba mgelze 

amxedrebuli jadoqris, hirokinis miTosuri saxe, romelic mze-RmerTis 

balderis damkrZalav rituals asrulebs: RmerTebis rCeuli balderi 

uwyvladi iyo. dedamiwaze yovelma arsma Sehfica mas, rom arafers 

avnebda. ficis dros, mxolod fiTris susti buCqi ar iqna mxedvelobaSi 

miRebuli, riTac isargebla borotma RmerTma lokim; man fiTris toti 

motexa, isariviT waumaxa Tavi da brma RmerTs, hoders asrolina 

balderis misamarTiT. sinaTlis RmerTi gulgangmiruli daeca(29,80,82). 

balderis neSti zRvaSi unda gaeSvaT da daewvaT, Tumca amis gakeTeba 

RmerTebma ver SeZles: `Toris Ronec sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda rom 

balderis neSti talRebisaTvis miendoT. maSin Torma uro 

aRmosavleTisaken SemarTa da SesZaxa: `hirokin, TursTa jadoqaro, 

gamoCndi!~ gamoCnda saSineli jadoqari, mgelze amxedrebuls sadaveebis 

nacvlad gveli eWira. diaci mglidan gadmoxta. oTxma vaJkacma mgeli 

SeboWa. hirokinma ki gems ubiZga da zRvaSi Seacura, sagoreblidan 

cecxlis ali gamovarda. Torma mokvla daupira uxeSobisTvis, magram 

jadoqari mgels moaxta da gauCinarda~(29,83). 

mgel-ZaRlis xTonuri kulti mJRavndeba mze-heliosis grZneuli 

qaliSvilis kirkes miTosur saxeSi, romlis ezoSic homerosis 

gadmocemiT `nebivrad wamowoliliyvnen qalRmerTis jado-wamliT 

gaCxibuli mglebi da lomebi~(122,164). 

movigonoT kolxur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli, mcireaziuri 

warmoSobis, kidev erTi RvTaeba – hekate, romelic samsaxovania, xolo 

135

mis zoomorful simboloTagan metwilad mgel-ZaRli da gveli 

figurirebs: `TmebSi gvelebiTa da ori anTebuli CiraRdniT xelSi 

saflavebs Soris daZrwis Rameuli moCvenebebis, zmanebebisa da 

jadoqrobis qalRmerTi hekate, titan persesisa da asteries asuli. 

ZaRlebis xrova dahyveba hekates ukan. uranosisgan da zevsisgan 

miniWebul udides Zalauflebas flobs hekate. igi monawileobs 

dedamiwis, zRvis, miwisqveSeTis Tu cis saqmeTa gadawyvetaSi da yvelani, 

mokvdavni da RmerTebi, pirvel rigSi ki zevsi, miageben pativs am 

Zlevamosil qalRmerTs. sami gzis gasayaris qalRmerTia hekate. aqve, 

gzajvaredinebze dgamen xolme mis samsxeuliansa da samsaxovan 

qandakebebs, sam gzas rom gahyureben. mokvdavebi mas msxverplad swiraven 

ZaRlebs, raTa qalRmerTma isini jadoqrebisa da grZneulebisgan 

daicvas~(19,56). 

amrigad, hekates `samsaxovneba~ saTaves unda iRebdes `samive 

sknelTan~ misi kavSiridan, ris gamoc igi flobs gansakuTrebul magiur 

Tvisebebs. niSandoblivia, rom am RvTaebis funqciebi marto jadosnobiTa 

da avismosurne sizmrebiT ar Semoifargleboda; misi `samsaxovnebiT~ 

xazgasmuli unda iyos am RvTaebis SesaZleblobebis gacilebiT farTo 

areali. marTlac, àr aris arcerTi mniSvnelovani mxare mokvdavTa da 

ukvdavTa moRvaweobisa, rom hekates masSi wili ar hqondes. igi 

mfarvelobs nadirobas, mwyemsvas, cxenTa moSenebas, adamianTa 

moRvaweobas, sasamarTlos, saxalxo krebebs, kamaTSi Serkinebas Tu 

omebSi monawileobas, bavSvebsa da yrmebs~(21,.22). 

RvTaeba hekates mcireaziuri warmomavlobis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

Zalzed sayuradRebo unda iyos am RvTaebis kavSiri kolxur 

samyarosTanac: ìasonze esoden Seyvarebulma medeam aRuTqva qalkiopes, 

rom diliT adre hekates taZrisaken gaemarTeboda da xarTa 

momajadoebel wamals miawvdida ucxoels. marTlac, medeam daTqmul 

dros yuTidan amoiRo wamali, romelsac promeTes wamals uwodebdnen. 

mas saocari Tviseba hqonda. Tuki hekates, dediserTa qalwul RvTaebas 

moilmobierebda vinme da am wamliT daizelda sxeuls, igi iaraRisTvisac 

da cecxlisTvisac uvnebeli gaxdeboda~(17,32). 

amrigad, mgel-ZaRlisa da gvelis zoomorfuli simbolika vlindeba 

samsaxovani hekates saxeSi, romlis `samsaxovnebac~ gvafiqrebinebs, rom 

136

misi funqciebic aseve mravalplastovani SeiZleboda yofiliyo. 

naTqvamTan dakavSirebiT, movigonoT, rom kverTxi `samTaviani ZaRlis~ 

gamosaxulebiT, rogorc samefo Zalauflebis insignia, gvxvdeba SumerTa 

mefis – gudeas atributikaSi. SumerTa mefis kverTxSi, simbolizirebuli 

SeiZleba iyos sknelTa kavSiri, rasac aseve ganasaxierebda `samyaros 

RerZTan~ (axis mundis) asocirebuli maradmwvane kedaris xe, rasTanac 

sakuTar Tavs aigivebdnen SumerTa mefe-qurumebi; kverTxze gamosaxuli 

`samTava ZaRli~ ki mimaniSnebelia imisa, rom mgel-ZaRlis kulti samive 

sknelTanaa dakavSirebuli da Sesabamisad, xTonuri aspeqtis garda, 

gaaCnia gamanayofierebeli Zalac, risi garantic umaRlesi xelisufali 

iyo. dabolos, sknelTa simboluri kavSiri mocemulia qarTvelTa 

miTosuri ZaRlis – yurSas saxeSi, romelic erTdroulad ciuric aris 

da xTonuric, Sesabamisad, erTdroulad sikeTisa da ubedurebis 

momtanic. is `bedismwerali~ ZaRlia. niSandoblivia, rom yurSa, rogorc 

sknelTa makavSirebeli, nayofierebis momtanicaa sagazafxulo dReobaTa 

ciklSi, rac aseve ganpirobebulia imiTac, rom misi dabadeba maradmwvane 

`sicocxlis xis~ motivebs ejaWveba. niSandoblivia isic, rom yurSasTan 

dakavSirebul samonadireo motivebSi, klde, sadac miTiuri monadiris 

daRupvis scena TamaSdeba, iseve rogorc òrmo, ufskruli, gamoqvabuli 

da sxv. (romelsac qaluri konotacia aqvs) erT semantikur velSi 

Tavsdeba da sikvdilisa da kvlavdabadebis adgils da motivs 

ukavSirdeba~(2,78), xolo yurSaos sasimRero, saweso-saferxulo 

Sesruleba, dakavSirebuli adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklTan, swored 

sikvdilisa da kvlav dabadebis maradiul wre-brunvas gulisxmobs. 

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, yurSa ciuri warmomavlobisaa, mas orbi an 

Sevardeni Sobs da Semdeg miwaze gadmoagdebs. misi òqros yur-tuCi~ 

aseve ciur-RvTaebriv warmomavlobaze unda miuTiTebdes, xolo `gvelis 

warbebi~ da Savi Seferiloba ukve xTonur aspeqtze migvaniSnebs. 

yurSasadmi miZRvnili saweso leqsi ki adre gazafxulze warmoiTqmeboda 

da dakavSirebuli iyo qalur sawyisTan da maradmwvane `sicocxlis xis~ 

motivebTan. SevniSnav, rom zogadad, qarTuli miTo-folkloruli masala 

avlens mdedrobiTi RvTaebebis kavSirs (mag. nadirTRvTaeba dalis saxe) 

mgel-ZaRlis kultTan, rac Tavis mxriv, asaxulia hekates miTosur 

saxeSic. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, n. abakelia SeniSnavs: `qarTul 

137

tradiciaSi ZaRlTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli Ramis moCvenebebisa da 

fantomebis RvTaeba, monadireobis qalRvTaeba dali da korinTos 

patarZali, yovelnairi jadosnobisa da jadoqrobis deda – medea, Tavisi 

mfarveli qalRvTaeba hekateTi. am ukanasknelis simboloebia gasaRebi 

(faustis II-e nawilsi - `dedebi~, gasaRebi ekuTvnis hekates, rogorc 

hadesis mcvelsa da RvTaebriv fsiqopomps), maTraxi (SiSis momgvreli 

dedis atributi), satevari da lampari (gavixsenoT, rom mas ewireboda 

ZaRlebi; igi gamodioda RamiT gzajvaredinebze ZaRlebiT da sxv. 

gavixsenoT iasonis mier Catarebuli msxverplSewirva mdinaris piras, 

RamiT hekatesaTvis)~(2,78). avtori aseve gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom dali, 

wylis deda, medea da sxv. didi deda RvTaebis an misi Zalebisa da 

aspeqtebis mixedviT, uricxv numinad dayofili qalRvTaebis saxeebs 

warmoadgenen, xolo kldeze daRupuli monadiris saxe amasTanave 

gviCvenebs qalRvTaeba dalis kidev erT aspeqts. igi gvevlineba 

moCvenebebisa da fantomebis, Ramis sastik RvTaebad, romelic am 

konkretul SemTxvevaSi qvesknelis, sikvdilis qalRvTaebis erT-erT 

gamovlinebas warmoadgens (iqve). 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolo dakavSirebuli aRmoCnda aseve samWedlo saqmesTan, 

rac albaT am kultis mziur-cecxlovani xasiaTiTaa ganpirobebuli. 

samWedlo saqme sakralurad iTvleboda qarTvelur tomebSi: “afxazeTSi 

samWedlosa da mWedlebs igive mniSvneloba aqvT, rac morwmune 

qristianTaTvis saydarsa da mRvdels. qristianuli saqarTvelo mWedelsa 

da mRvdels aigivebda: “didi codnis amRebeli jer mWedeli, memre 

mRvdeli””(5,111). aqedan gamomdinarea, rom qristianobis dadgomis Semdeg, 

samWedlo saqme wm. giorgim SeiTavsa. wmindanis rogorc “mWedelTa 

mfarvelis” saxeSi Serwymulia mglis simboluri saxec, risi dasturicaa 

qarTuli xalxuri leqsi `qajaveT rad iarebi~: 

`_qajaveT rad iarebi, 

giorgiv, mgelTa ferao. 

_vali mikidav, valsa vTxov, 

ras mkiTxav qristis dedao. 

sinas SWeds qajTa mWedeli, 

138

mivaswrev wurvazedao: 

qurTemul mauglejie, 

cxeni Savagdi zedao; 

qajTa mWedelma xel-kveri 

cxens mica beWebzedao~(98,116). 

samWedlo saqmes ganagebs qarTvelTa warmarTuli RvTaeba – 

pirquSi. igi mgelaiSvilia, rac RvTaebis mglis simbolosTan kavSirze 

miuTiTebs. RvTaebad “gardasaxvamde” pirquSi Cveulebrivi mokvdavi 

yofila, oRond nawiliani, roca daiZinebda mxrebSua Suqi amouvidoda. 

Zalian lamazi yofila pirquSi, mzesaviT manaTobeli. qalebi mosvenebas 

ar aZlevdnen, amitomac Seevedra morige RmerTs, Tavi rom wmidad daecva 

misTvis fizikuri silamaze waerTmia. bolos pirquSs grdemlze 

daewereba Tavisi sikvdilis dRe. vinaidan wminda kaci iyo amitom 

sikvdilis Semdeg RvTiSvilad iqca. misi zedwodebebia: `lekurTas 

moburTali~, `cecxlisaliani~(46,152). sainteresoa, rom pirquSi koWlia, 

iseve rogorc berZenTa mWedlobis RvTaeba hefesto: `m. Ciqovans mohyavs 

mis mierve Cawerili masala pirquSis mWedlobaze da wers: gadmocemiT 

pirquSi mWedeli iyo koWli kaci, pirquSs yvelaze adre gamouWedia 

saxnisi, culi, waldi da sxva rkineuli~(5,109). is, rom `hefesto 

dabadebiT xeibaria, miTologiur da realistur gamarTlebas poulobs. 

aq asaxulia xalxis warmodgena: gansakuTrebuli niWiT dajildoebuli 

unda iyos raime niSniT gamorCeuli~(5,158). Tuki imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, 

rom pirquSma sakuTari fizikuri silamaze praqtikuald `Seswira~ 

mWedlobis RvTaebrivi codnis miRebas, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom 

rogorc pirquSis, aseve hefestos `koWlobiT~, anu fizikuri aspeqtis 

erTgvari `daqveiTebiT~ wina planzea wamoweuli RvTaebaTa mentaluri 

aspeqti. 

samWedlo saqmesTanaa dakavSirebuli amiranis xalxuri eposic, 

romelSic mgel-ZaRlis simbolos mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. sanam 

uSualod samWedlo sakiTxs SevexebiT, movigonoT, rom amirani `mglis 

muxliTaa~ dajildoebuli, riTac xazgasmulia misi vaJkacoba da 

Seupovroba da gamoricxuli araa samWedlo saqmesTan misi kavSiric: 

139

`...Tormeti mTa gadiares, mecamete – algeTisni. 

ucxo mTaze koSki naxes, anagebi brolis qvisi; 

sami dRe-Rame uares, ver ipoves kari misi. 

sadac, rom mzem piri mohkra, amiranma – muxli mglisi, 

koSkma piri iq gaiRo, iq Seeba kari misi~(105,161). 

amiranis kavSiri mgel-ZaRlis solarul simbolosTan savsebiT 

bunebrivad warmogvidgeba, Tuki movigonebT im faqts, rom Tavad 

RvTaebrivi gmiri amirani mzesTanaa mWidrod dakavSirebuli. amis 

dasturia Tundac amiranis eposis sasimRero, saferxulo Sesrulebis 

raWuli versia: 

àdga amiran wavida, sad qali kamari ari. 

cixisa Ziras Camoxta amiran ori Zmiani, 

cixes Suqi Seayena, viTar cxoveli mze ari. 

kamar fanjara gaaRo, msgavsad egona mze ari. 

kamar exvevis amirans, TavgadaSlili Tmiani~(105,171). 

amiranis eposi mgel-ZaRlis simbolosTan sxva mxrivac avlens 

kavSirs: `svaneTSi dRemde arsebobs saferxiso leqsi, romelSic 

moTxrobilia Semdegi epizodi: maRal TeTr kldeSi dali mSobiarobs, 

Zirs mgeli ucdis. qalRmerTs bavSvi gadmouvarda, mgelma piri dastaca 

da tyisken gaaqana. amas qedidan Tvali mohkra saxelovanma monadirem 

mefisam. igi mgels daewia, mxeci mohkla da bavSvi waarTva, mglis tyavi 

ki welze Semoikra. dali Svilis dakargvas moTqvams. keTilma mefis 

monadirem Cvili yrma dedas miuyvana. dedis sixaruls sazRvari ara 

aqvs~(105,65). svanur am gadmocemaSi, damowmebuli citatis avtori, m. 

Ciqovani, monadiris mglis tyaviT Semosvis epizods, TrialeTis cnobili 

sakulto Tasis miTo-siuJetur qargas ukavSirebs (iqve). 

davubrundeT amiranis kavSirs samWedlo saqmesTan. erT-erTi 

versiiT amirans mWedeli exmareba yamaris mosapoveblad. mWedeli 

saTamaSo `cegebs~ amzadebs yamarisTvis, yamari nawnavebs CamouSvebs da 

aaqvs koSkSi. amirani mWedels sTxovs erT-erT cegSi CaWedvas, Tan 

axsenebs, rom spilenZisaa da cecxlSi ar daiwveba; amasTanave, yamaris 

qveyanaSi misuli amirani pirvel rigSi mWedelTan midis da saubars 

140

umarTavs, vinaidan mas zogadad mWedlebTan megobroba akavSirebs. 

svanuri Tqmuleba amiranis axal Tvisebas gvamcnobs: gmiri spilenZisaa da 

Wedvis atana SeuZlia(105,74,194). 

niSandoblivia isic, rom àmiranis xmlis WedvaSi kosmiuri Zalebic 

iqna Cabmuli~(iqve). amirani niSnis mogebiT eubneba sakuTar Zmas: 

`maSin sad iyav Sav badro, roca Cem xmali wrTeboda 

ca Weqda, miwa grgvinavda, samWedlo eqaneboda, 

mWedlebi – memWedurebi erTmaneTs efareboda!~ (105,194). 

bevri cdis Semdeg, amiranisTvis `mWedelma cxra fuTiani xmali 

gaWeda, gamoawrTo da gamodga~(105,73). amrigad, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom 

amiranis `cxra fuTiani~ xmalic, misi RvTaebrivi patronis darad, mziuri 

niSniTaa daRdasmuli. Weqa-quxilis `TanxlebiT~ sakraluri xmlis Wedvas 

vfiqrob, Rrma miTo-religiuri safuZvlebi unda gaaCndes. Tuki 

movigonebT, rom indur miTologiaSi `mzisa da cecxlis RvTaeba agni 

iSva wyalSi, rogorc Weqa-quxili, safuZveli gvaqvs vifiqroT, rom 

amiranis mziuri `cxrafuTiani xmlis~ wrTobac dakavSirebuli unda iyos 

kosmiur wylebSi mzis dabadebis miTologemasTan. niSandoblivia, rom 

qarTvelTa warmarTuli RmerTis armazis maxvilic elvasaviTaa: àqvnda 

xmali brwyinvale, viTarca elva, da iqceoda xelTa Sina~(93,89). 

Tuki xmali RvTis sityvis simboloa: `da aiReT gadarCenis CaCqani 

da sulis maxvili, romelic aris RmerTis sityva~(axali aRTqma, 

efeselTa mimarT 6:17), xom ar SeiZleba gamovTqvaT varaudi, rom amirani, 

romelic almasis xmliT fatravs Sav gveleSaps, xelmeored ibadeba ara 

mxolod rogorc `mze~, aramed rogorc `RvTis sityva~, imis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ìonas gamosvla veSapis muclidan alegoriulad 

moaswavebs RvTis sityvis dabadebas qalwulis muclidan~(45,106). 

Sesabamisad, amiranis unari devebis `xmiT daxocvisa~(105,307), SeiZleba 

kidev erTxel gvaxsenebdes, rom `sityva~ da `maxvili~ Tanabari Zalis 

miTo-religiuri xat-simboloebia. 

Tuki amiranis xmlis Wedvis procesi Weqa-quxilTanaa 

dakavSirebuli, eposSi bunebrivad erTveba dar-avdarTan dakavSirebuli 

miTosuri siuJeti. amasTan dakavSirebiT, i. surgulaZe sainteresod 

141

SeniSnavs, rom amiranis `sacris tola~ Tvalebi, amindis RvTaebis 

metaforuli gadmocemaa: `Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom sabas ganmartebiT 

`Ruari ewodeba wyalsa wvimisasa~, maSin gamoTqmaSi `cremlis Rvari~, 

cremli wvimasTan aris gaigivebuli. gamodis, rom `cremlis Rvari~ igive 

cremlis wvimaa, romelic aseve miRebuli gamoTqmaa qarTulSi. am 

gamoTqmaTa mixedviT, Tvals eniWeba wvimis wylis saTavsis, misi 

pirvelgamomwvevis mniSvneloba, xolo `sacris tola~ Tvali saavdrod 

gamzadebul saxeze, amindis RvTaebis mrisxanebis, gavdrebis suraTis 

metaforuli gadmocemaa, romelic miTosisa da misi Sesabamisi religiuri 

warmodgenebis mixedviT aris agebuli. amitom, gasagebi xdeba, Tu ratom 

aris amiranis Tvalebi maincdamainc sacris toli da ara sxva ram 

mrgvali sagnisa. saqarTveloSi, wyalTan da sisvelesTan bevri 

adgilobrivi RvTaeba iyo dakavSirebuli. `movida Tavis niaRvarsa, 

daanTo didi alio~, naTqvamia erT teqstSi xaxmatis jvris, giorgis 

Sesaxeb. Tavisi sadgomi adgiliT wyalTan dakavSirebuli Canan giorgi 

wyarosTavisai, miqiel wyalSuisai, giorgi naRvarmSvenieri, naRvarSi 

meburTali. am epiTetebis mixedviT, aRniSnuli RvTaebebi wyaros TavSi an 

napiras dganan, anu wyaro maTi sadgomi adgilia. migvaCnia, rom wyaros 

saTave, e.i. misi “wyaros Tvali” Tavidan RvTaebis cremlTan unda 

yofiliyo asocirebuli, miT ufro rom aseTi warmodgenebi bunebrivi da 

damaxasiaTebelia adresamiwaTmoqmedo kultebisaTvis. amasTanave 

SemoTavazebuli gaazreba srul TanxmobaSia qarTvelTa warmodgenebTan 

RvTaebaTa Sesaxeb, sadac xazgasmulia maTi kavSiri cecxlTan, samWedlo 

saqmesTan, iaraRebTan, sacerTan, sawyaosTan, saqonelTan, sagangebod 

aRiniSneba maTi pirquSoba da pirRrublianoba~ (85,251). 

amrigad, amiranis `sacrisodena Tvalebi~ da is faqti, rom is hgavs 

~Savsa Rrubelsa saavdrod gamzadebulsa~(85,314), mas amindis RvTaebasTan 

akavSirebs, romelsac ara marto dar-avdris daregulireba evaleboda, 

aramed zogadad qveynis nayofiereba da dovlaTi. amasve unda 

miuTiTebdes amindis RvTaeba lazares faliuri xasiaTi da misi 

zedwodeba – koti-kotia, riTac misi faliurobaa xazgasmuli (85,242). 

Sesabamisad, `saavdrod gamzadebuli saxe~ nayofierebis momaswavebelicaa, 

vinaidan Weqa-quxili warmoadgens wylisa da cecxlis sakralur kavSirs, 

kosmiur wylebSi `mzis dabadebis~ miTosur xatebas, `RvTis sityvis~ 

142

gamovlinebas, rasac gamanayofierebeli Zalebi eniWeba, zustad ise, 

rogorc es mocemulia RvTaeba enqis Sumerul teqstSi, romelsac 

erTxel kidev davimowmebT: 

`sityva Cemi cas miswvdeba – 

da siuxvis wvima iwvimebs cidan; 

miwas miswvdeba – 

da mcenareuli gaCndeba miwad; 

amwvanebul yanas miswvdeba _ 

da Cemi sityviT mosavali uxvad daxvavdeba~(45,94) 

rom `RvTis sityva~ SeiZleba gamanayofierebeli Zalebis mqone WeqaquxilTan 

asocirdes qarTvelTa miTo-religiuri azrovnebis balavarSive 

Caido, vinaidan c. inwkirvelis miniSnebiT, SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos is 

faqti, rom `sakuTari saxeli Tavdapirveli enisa qarTuli homiliiT 

`qebai da didebai qarTulisa enisai~ aris lazare, amindis qarTuli 

RvTaebis saxelic agreTve lazarea~(43,214). 

amiranis `pirRrublianoba~ aseve miuTiTebs samWedlo saqmesTan mis 

siaxloveze, vinaidan mWedlobac wylisa da cecxlis magiuri kavSiris 

gadmomcemia, rac alegoriuli saxiT dakavSirebulia gaavdrebis motivTan 

da sakralur Weqa-quxilTan. am TvalsazrisiT, amiranis `SavRrublianoba~ 

sruliad bunebrivad eTanxmeba qarTvelTa mWedelT RvTaebis saxels – 

pirquSi, romelic analogiuri miTosuri SinaarsiT unda iyos damuxtuli. 

Tuki Weqa-quxilis sakraluri xasiaTi samWedlo saqmesTan 

mimarTebaSic vlindeba, SesaZloa, qarTvelTa miTiuri ZaRlis, yurSas 

`Weqa-quxilis xma~ kidev erTi sabuTi iyos mgel-ZaRlis simbolos da 

samWedlo saqmis urTierTkavSirisa; miT umetes, rom amirans mudam Tan 

axlavs misi erTguli yurSa. sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, saintereso unda 

iyos, rom `maRali xarisxis foladis svanur saxelad miCneulia termini 

– yurC~(10,209), nebsiT Tu uneblied, `yurSas~ saxels mogvagonebs. 

Weqa-quxilis sakralizaciis motivs Zalzed saintereso kuTxiT 

vxvdebiT svanur saweso droSa-lemTan dakavSirebiT. kerZod, saqme exeba 

mglis simbolosTan dakavSirebuli droSis mpyrobeli gvaris, falianebis 

erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis, mabla falianis dakrZalvas. 

143

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, falianis sagvareulo koSki miwisqveSa gvirabiT 

dakavSirebuli iyo seTis jgragis eklesiasTan; mabla faliani Sin 

inaxavda taZris simdidres. is mdidar da wminda kacad iyo cnobili: 

`святости его, по словам сказителей, было указано и знамением свыше: когда умирал 

Мабла небо было безоблачное, блестящее, но как только он испустил последний вздох, 

оно нахмурилось и разразилась страшная гроза, сплошь покрывшая землю градом. Маблу 

Палиани похоронили в медном гробу, на котором было высечено его имя~(12, 41). 

axla yuradReba mivaqcioT imas, rom Weqa-quxili wm. giorgis 

kultTanacaa dakavSirebuli. is RvTaebis erT-erTi insigniaa, romlis 

meSveobiTac, da es metad sagulisxmo faqtia, xdeboda mis msaxur ymaTa 

SerCevac: `По широко распространенным в Самегрело поверьям, во время грозы св. 

Георгий верхом на своем белом коне мчится по небу, гонится за злыми, нечистыми 

силами и поражает их...Считалось, что святой ударом молнии предупреждал виновного 

или же «избирал его в рабы»...Во время грозы местные жители крестились и просили св. 

Георгия пощадить их и не поразить их дом молнией~ (3,21). 

amrigad, Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mabla faliani seTis wm. 

giorgis eklesiis msaxuri iyo, naTeli efineba imasac, Tu ratom mohyva 

mis gardacvalebas saSineli Weqa-quxili. SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos aseve 

misi dakrZalva spilenZis kuboTi, Tuki movigonebT, rom spilenZi 

dakavSirebulia suleTTan, `Ramis mzis~ misteriebTan, rasTanac kavSirSi 

iqneboda aseve droSaze gamosaxuli sakulto – mgelic. marTalia, mas 

ZiriTadad gamanayofierebeli funqciebi eniWeboda, magram movigonoT 

isic, rom nayofierebac, Tavisi arsiT, xTonur samyaros ukavSirdeba, 

vinaidan emorCileba sikvdilisa da kvlav dabadebis maradiul cikls. 

Tuki wm. giorgi samWedlo saqmis mfarvelicaa, aRniSnulic, 

SesaZloa misi Weqa-quxilTan kavSiriTac yofiliyo gamowveuli. 

yuradReba mivaqcioT imasac, rom am konkretul ampluaSi, RvTaeba 

mgelTanaa asocirebuli: `qajaveT rad iarebi, giorgiv, mgelTa ferao~, 

iseve rogorc mWedlobasTan dakavSirebuli amiranis mudmiv Tanamgzavrad 

erTguli yurSa gvevlineba, romlis miTiuri oreuli swored `Weqaquxilis 

xmiTaa~ dajildovebuli. 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, sainteresoa cnobili osi mecnieris, v. 

abaevis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom romaelTa cecxlisa da samWedlo 

saqmis RvTaeba – vulkanusis saxelwodeba SeiZleba warmosdgebodes 

144

`mglis~ aRmniSvneli Zvelinduri sityvisgan: `vrka~, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

rom: `культ огня и кузнечного дела был в свою очередь связан преемственно с 

тотемическим культом волка~(1,593). sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, mxedvelobaSia 

aseve misaRebi v. ivanovis mosazrebac, imis Sesaxeb, rom `...согласно старой 

германской традиции кузнецы могли ставить на мече знак волка~(42,157). sxvaTaSoris, 

aRniSnul cnobas exmianeba qarTuli xalxuri leqsi `dabareba vels 

wasuls~, romelSic `xmali~ metaforulad `mgelTanaa~ Sedarebuli: 

`vels waxval, bewikauro, ra giTxra, ra dagabaro 

getyvi: Zils nu daendobi, _ Zili vaJkacis mkvlelia. 

getyvi: Tofs nu daendobi, _ Caxmax eSmakis cxenia. 

getyvi: xmals nu daendobi, _ xmali mSiera mgelia 

sadReod gulis mkeTei, saxvalod libus mTxrelia~(55,162). 

sakiTxze msjelobis dasasruls, movigonoT kaxeTSi 

dadasturebuli rituali, romelic ojaxSi vaJis SeZenasTan iyo 

dakavSirebuli: `SemohqondaT spilenZis didi qvabi, spilenZi, liToni, 

romelic mzis simbolo iyo, mze ki – sicocxlisa. qvabSi asxamdnen 

maradiulobis yvelaze didi informaciis matarebeli siTxis, sisxlis 

simbolos – Sav Rvinos. axalSobils am RvinoSi Caayofinebdnen tans 

Wipamde, ise rom mzis wnuli (isev mzis analogi) RvinoSi moxvedriliyo. 

qvabSi Caagdebdnen kaJs an, SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi almass, rom 

vaJkacs mWreli Tvalebi hqonoda da Zlieri yofiliyo, garda amisa, 

gaaxurebdnen cxenis nals, Cayofdnen RvinoSi, bavSvi mxedari rom 

gamosuliyo. qvevrsac am vaJis saxelze RviniT Seavsebdnen, sanam ar 

iqorwinebda qvevrs manamde ar gaxsnidnen. danayavdnen mglis muxls da 

fxvnils SigniT yridnen, rom mglis muxli hqonoda. amitom aris 

gamoTqma: `mglis muxli~. gogonazec analogiuri rituali sruldeboda, 

magram aq icvleboda mineralebi, kaJis an almasis nacvlad qvis brols 

xmarobdnen – rom gogonas sisufTavisa da sispetakis informacia 

mieRo~(60,6). 

amrigad, ritualSi gamoyenebuli atributebi - spilenZis jami, Sig 

Casxmuli Rvinoca da `mglis muxlic~, dakavSirebuli unda iyos sakulto 

`mzesTan~, romelic sicocxlisa da nayofierebis momcemi iyo. `mglis 

145

muxliT~ dalocva ki, riTac dajildovebulia Cveni RvTaebrivi, 

`Sublmziani~ gmiri amirani da rac Zalisa da vaJkacobis simbolod 

aRiqmeba, qarTvelTa winaprebSi mgel-ZaRlis simbolos siZvelisa da 

mniSvnelobis kidev erTi gamovlinebaa. 

146

daskvna 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolos gansakuTrebul siZveles da mniSvnelobas 

saqarTveloSi xazs usvams mglis aRmniSvneli saxelis warmoCena 

qarTvelTa rogorc adgilobriv, aseve ucxour saxelwodebebSi, kerZod, 

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs, iberiis Zvelsparsuli saxelwodebebi. aRniSnuli 

gvafiqrebinebs, rom mgel-ZaRli uZvelesi xat-simboloa, dakavSirebuli 

uZveless rwmena-warmodgenebTan. amasve gvafiqrebinebs svaneTSi 

SemorCenili àSangelo-SaSangelos~ rituali, romlis drosac mglis 

saweso, koleqtiuri mkvleloba sruldeboda. 

mgel-ZaRlis simbolo dakavSirebulia mzesTan da Sesabamisad 

solarul RvTaebebTan, romlebsac saqarTveloSi sxva funqciebTan erTad 

nayofierebis funqciebic aqvT. aseTad gvesaxeba cecxlTan, kerasTan 

dakavSirebuli personaJebi: kviria, berika da sxv., romlebic 

adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklSi monawileoben da romlebTanac 

raWaSi dafiqsirebuli “yurSas” miTiuri saxec asocirdeba. 

yurSas RvTaebrivi niSnebi: oqros yur-tuCi, sacris, an mTvaris odena 

Tvalebi, Weqa-quxilis xma dakavSirebulia RvTis nebis gamovlinebasTan, 

kosmiuri wylebidan “mzis dabadebis” miTologemasTan da RvTis sityvis 

gamovlinebiT kosmiur, qaosur wylebSi samyaros dabadebasTan. vfiqrobT, 

kolxur culebze gamosaxuli gevlebisfexebiani mgel-ZaRli aseve 

miuTiTebs ori stiqiis: cecxlisa da wylis kavSirze, rac aseve 

nayofierebis gamovlinebad gvesaxeba da kavSirSia sikvdilisa da kvlav 

dabadebis ideasTan, romelic ukavSirdeba qveskneluri wylebidan mzis 

dabadebis yoveldRiur cikls, rac alegoriulad dakavSirebulia kvdomagacocxlebis 

gamanayofierebeli Zalebis mqone uZveless RvTaebebTan. 

aseve ganxilul iqna mgel-ZaRlis simbolo qarTul samonadireo 

eposSi. rogorc damowmebuli masalidan irkveva, nadiroba, romlis 

sakraluri aspeqti saqorwilo ritualSic vlindeba, bunebis Zalebis 

aRorZinebasTan da nayofierebasTanaa dakavSirebuli; aRniSnuli 

damajereblobas matebs Cvens mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom miTiuri 

monadireebisa da maTi Tanmxlebi ZaRlebis arqetipuli saxeebi, aseve 

qarTvelTa uZvelesi solaruli rwmena-warmodgenebidan unda iRebdes 

saTaves. amas isic gvafiqrebinebs, rom nadirTRvTaebis mdedruli 

147

korelati TandaTan wminda giorgis mziur-gamanayofierebelma kultma 

Caanacvla, romlis miTo-religiur saxeSi mgel-ZaRlis simbolo aseve 

aqtiurad vlindeba. 

samonadireo eposi arsobrivad ukavSirdeba adresagazafxulo 

dReobaTa cikls da am ciklis mTavar personaJebs. leqsSi `qalsa visme 

erqva SroSani~ es kavSiri cxadliv aris mocemuli. leqsSi warmodgenili 

simboloebi, rogoricaa deda RvTaebis beWdis Tvali, maradmwvane, 

`sicocxlis xe~, romlis dublkikaticaa sakulto droSa, mgel-ZaRlis 

simbolo da misi gamovlena adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ferxulebSi, 

kvdomad da aRdgenad RvTaebebTanaa dakavSirebuli da erTian solarul 

sistemaSia ganxiluli. naSromis am TavSi aseve gamovlenilia xeTurqarTuli 

saintereso eTno-kulturuli paraleli (igulisxmeba mglisa da 

ZaRlis niRbebis monawileoba berikaobisa da zogadad, kvdoma-- 

gacocxlebis xalxur Teatralizirebul sanaxaobebSi, rac bevr saerTos 

poulobs analogiuri tipis xeTur ritualebTan), dakavSirebuli 

sikvdil-sicocxlis maradiul ciklTan da nayofierebasTan, rasac Tavis 

mxriv ukavSirdeba TrialeTis Tasze gamosaxuli religiuri Sinaarsis 

mqone kompozicia. amasTanave, yurSas erTdroulad ciuri da xTonuri 

aspeqtebi da masTan dakavSirebuli saweso ferxuli `samive sknelTan~ mis 

wilnayarobaze miuTiTebs da avlens kavSirs sknelTa makavSirebel 

samyaroseul xesTan – axis mundis-Tan. 

TrialeTis Tasze gamosaxuli RvTaebebis mglis tyavis samoseli 

kidev erTxel gvaxsenebs, rom mglis simbolo samsaxovnebidan 

gamomdinare, RvTaebebic, Tu RvTisSvilebic Sesabamisad, samive sknelis 

gamgeblebi arian; sknelebs Soris maTi gadaadgileba ki alegoriulad 

unda asaxuliyo adresagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklSi gamarTul 

sarTulebian ferxulebSi. `sicocxlis xis~ motivi, edemSi, igive 

suleTSi darguli maradiuli xis analogiaa, romelic bunebrivad 

ukavSirdeba sknelTa makavSirebel `samyaroseuli xis~ gagebas. 

TrialeTis Tasis zeda frizze `sicocxlis xesTan~ Soriaxlos mwevar- 

ZaRlebis warmoCenac am kavSiris kidev erTi gamoxatulebaa. 

naSromSi warmodgenilia mgel-ZaRlis ritualuri gamovlena 

qarTuli eTnologiuri masalis mixedviT. upirveles yovlisa, 

ganxilulia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi dafiqsirebuli `mgel- 

148

jixvaobis~ da `mgelTuqmeobis~ xalxuri rituali, romelic mtacebeli 

cxovelebisgan saqonlis dacvis mizniT tardeboda. ritualis 

Semadgeneli komponentebis detalurma Seswavlam, qarTulma miTofolklorulma 

da qarTlSi dafiqsirebulma savele masalam (T. oCiauri) 

gvaCvena, rom es rituali aseve avlens mgel-ZaRlis, rogorc sakraluri 

cxovelis mimarT Tayvaniscemis elementebsac. marTlac, Tuki 

gaviTvaliswinebT mgel-ZaRlis metad sapatio misias `RmerTTan 

Suamavlobis~ TvalsazrisiT, iseve rogorc mis solarul kavSirs 

marcvleul kulturebTan da metyvelebasTan, gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, 

rom `mwevris salocavze~ nadirT gamravlebas iTxovdnen, Tamamad 

SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom `mgelTuqmeobis~ ritualSi, romelic erTi 

SexedviT mavnebeli cxovelebisgan saqonlis dacvis mizniT sruldeboda, 

aseve davanebulia mgel-ZaRlis uZvelesi, simboluri aspeqtebi, romelic 

gulisxmobda saqonlisa da marcvleuli kulturebis mfarvelobas, 

nayofierebas, gamravlebas, da rac yvelaze mTavaria, `RvTis sityvas~, 

romelic Tavisi arsiT, mziur-falikuria da romelsac magiurgamanayofierebeli 

Zala aqvs. . 

naSromSi aseve ganxilulia mgel-ZaRlis simbolosTan 

dakavSirebuli zemosvaneTis, seTis wm. giorgis eklesiaSi davanebuli 

saweso droSa – `lemis~ semantikuri mxare. upirveles yovlisa 

xazgasmulia `lemis~ kavSiri wm. giorgis kultTan. aRiniSna, rom 

jgragis, wm. giorgis kulti dakavSirebulia qarTuli miTologiis `mzis 

dabadebis~ ciklTan da Sesabamisad, masSi vlindebian `mziuri~ 

konotaciis cxovelebi: cxeni da mgeli da gamoricxuli araa aseve 

`mziuri~ xasiaTis frinvelebic: arwivi, qori, orbi da sxv, romlebic 

marTalia seTis wm. giorgis sadResaswaulo ciklSi ar Canan, magram Tavs 

iCenen miTosuri ZaRl-frinvelis `yurSas~ dabadebis motivebSi, romelic 

monadireobasa da nayofierebasTan dakavSirebul adresagazafxulo 

dReobaTa cikls ukavSirdeba. es cikli, Tavisi ritualebiT da sasimRero 

motivebiT, miTosur `siaxloves~ iCens seTis wm. giorgis sadResaswaulo 

ritualTanac, romlis gamarTvac ukavSirdeba rogorc jgragis, wm. 

giorgis kults, aseve savaraudod, nayofierebis, marcvleuli 

kulturebis da Svilierebis uZvelesi RvTaebis – lamarias saxesac. 

miTosuri komponentebis identobam da maTma Sinaarsobrivma siaxlovem 

149

gvafiqrebina, rom rodesac ritualSi monawile saweso droSa - `lemi~ 

qariT ibereboda SesaZloa `yurSas~ darad, adgili hqonoda jgragisa da 

lamarias sakulto cxovelis – mglis `dabadeba-gansxeulebas~, rasac 

nayofiereba da gamarjveba unda moetana mTeli zemo svaneTisaTvis. 

dabolos, naSromis bolo nawilSi ganxilulia mgel-ZaRlis 

xTonuri aspeqtebi, dakavSirebuli qvesknelur samyarosTan. am kuTxiT 

qarTuli eTnografiuli da miTologiuri masala bevr siaxloves iCens 

Zvelegviptur da berZnul miTologiur warmodgenebTan, kerZod, 

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs saiqios daraji mgel-ZaRlis miTologiuri saxe. 

xazgasmulia aseve xTonuri RvTaeba hekates samsaxovneba, rac SesaZloa 

mgel-ZaRlis kultTan misi kavSiriT ixsnebodes, rasac mxars umagrebs 

qarTuli miTo-folkloruli masalac. ganxiluli gvaqvs aseve wm. 

giorgis, qarTuli miTosuri personaJis, RvTiSvili pirquSisa da 

RvTaebrivi gmiris, amiranis kavSirebi samWedlo saqmesTan, romelSic 

mgel-ZaRlis kulti aseve aqtiurad vlindeba. rogorc aRiniSna, es 

ukanaskneli dakavSirebulia rogorc mzesTan, aseve cecxlTan da 

wyalTanac; mgel-ZaRlis kavSiri wyalTan mocemulia `mesefeebis~ 

Tanmxlebi ZaRlebis saxeSi, romlebic zRvidan amodian da sxva 

funqciaTa Soris, evalebaT dar-avdris daregulireba. amasTan, 

meteorologiuri funqciebi yurSas miTosur saxeSic fiqsirdeba. 

cecxlisa da wylis stiqiebis magiuri kavSiri ki saukeTosod isaxeba 

samWedlo saqmeSi, risi dasturicaa Tundac is faqti, rom amiranis xmlis 

Wedvis procesi alegoriulad daukavSirda Weqa-quxils, riTac 

dajildoebulia qarTvelTa miTosuri ZaRlis, yurSas xma. amasTan, Tuki 

cecxlisa da wylis stiqiebs zoomorful Sesatyviss movuZebniT, 

advilad SeiZleba, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, maTi sakralurgamanayofierebeli 

kavSiri davinaxoT gvelebisfexebiani kolxuri mgeldrakonis 

– gveris saxeSi, romlis gamosaxulebasac kolxur saweso 

culebze vxvdebiT. rogorc cnobilia, gveli dakavSirebulia qalur 

sawyisTan, xTonur wylebTan (iseve rogorc wylis daraji gveleSapis 

saxe), nayofierebasTan, xolo mgel-ZaRli kargad gamokveTili mamrulfalikuri 

simboloa, Sesabamisad cecxlis stiqiasTan aqtiurad 

dakavSirebuli (gavixsenoT Tundac RvTaeba kviria, romelic cecxlis 

stiqiiT sjis xolo nebis aRmsruleblebad mgel-ZaRlis laSqari hyavs). 

150

sxvaTaSoris, saweso culze aseve gvxvdeba mglis gamosaxuleba 

farfliseburi fexebiT, rac sakiTxis arss ar cvlis, vinaidan Tevzica 

da gvelic urTierTSemcvleli simboloebia. wylisa da cecxlis 

sakraluri kavSiri, romelic simbolurad Weqa-quxilSi cxaddeba, 

amasTanave warmoadgens mamruli da mdedruli pirvelsawyisebis 

kavSirsac, rac gagebul unda iqnas rogorc ganayofierebis umaRlesi 

gamovlineba, sikvdil-sicocxlis maradiuli cikli, romelic 

yoveldRiurad mzis kosmiur wylebSi Casvlas da yovel dilas iqidan 

xelmeored dabadebas ukavSirdeba. swored am maradiuli wre-brunvis 

cikls unda gadmoscemdnen adre sagazafxulo dReobaTa ciklis mTavari 

RvTaebebi, romlebic aSkarad solarul niSnebs atareben da 

emorCilebian sikvdilisa da kvlav dabadebis ideas, rasTanac mgel- 

ZaRlis simbolos pirdapiri Sexeba unda hqonoda, vinaidan berikaobis 

sadResaswaulo ciklSi, rogorc davinaxeT, mgel-ZaRlebis niRbebiani 

berikebis monawileobacaa dadasturebuli. 

151

ilustraciebi: 

3. kolxuri culi 

yobanidan i. domanskis 

mixedviT (ermitaJis 

koleqciidan) 

2. kolxuri culi 

l. fancxavas 

mixedviT 

1. kolxuri culi mestiis 

arqeologiuri bazis 

fondidan 

5. brinjaos sakidi 

Crdilo kavkasiidan 

(yobani) a. mileris 

mixedviT 

6. brinjaos sakidi 

yobanidan, i. domanskis 

mixedviT 

4. Standartis Tavi 

yazbegis ganZidan 

7. damkrZalavi urna perujis 

arqeologiuri muzeumidan 

152

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