`aiv-infeqcia/Sidsi da adamianis uflebebi~
`aiv-infeqcia/Sidsi da adamianis uflebebi~
`aiv-infeqcia/Sidsi da adamianis uflebebi~
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ჰაინრიჰ ბიოლის ფონდის<br />
სამხრეთ კავკასიის რეგიონალურ ბიუროში<br />
2011 წლის 30 ნოემბერს გამართული საჯარო<br />
დისკუსია თემაზე:<br />
<strong>`aiv</strong>-<strong>infeqcia</strong>/<strong>Sidsi</strong> <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
<strong>uflebebi~</strong><br />
ძირითადი მომხსენებლები:<br />
lia TavaZe _ UNAIDS-is sazogadoebis<br />
mobilizaciis mrCeveli saqarTveloSi;<br />
nino badriZe _ infeqciuri paTologiis, <strong>Sidsi</strong>s<br />
<strong>da</strong> klinikuri imunologiis s/p centri,<br />
epidemiologiuri ganyofilebis gamge;<br />
miran<strong>da</strong> axvlediani _ saqarTvelos saxalxo<br />
<strong>da</strong>mcvelis warmomadgeneli;<br />
kaxaber kepulaZe _ sainformacio samedicino<br />
fsiqologiuri centris „Tanadgoma“ eqsperti.<br />
მოდერაცია: გოგი გვახარია
gogi gvaxaria _ gamarjoba. vinc pirvelad imyofeba biolis fondSi, min<strong>da</strong><br />
vauwyo, rom sajaro debatebi CvenTan yovel meore oTxSabaTs tardeba. dRevandeli<br />
debatebi <strong>Sidsi</strong>s saerTaSoriso dRes mivuZRveniT. vfiqrob, mivyveT mosawvevSi<br />
miTiTebul Tanmimdevrobas. qalbaton lia TavaZes movusminoT.<br />
lia TavaZe _ didi madloba yvelas mobrZanebisTvis. es CvenTvis,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebisTvis, vinc sakuTar Tavs aiv-<strong>Sidsi</strong>s aqtivistad miviCnevT, Zalian<br />
mniSvnelovania. imedi maqvs, a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebic pirvelad SemouerTdnen am tipis<br />
Tavyrilobas, diskusii<strong>da</strong>n wavlen im ganwyobiT, rom Tava<strong>da</strong>c miiRon raRac saxiT<br />
monawileoba im problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetaSi, romlis winaSec vdgavarT, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
imisa, gvaqvs Tu ara am TemasTan pir<strong>da</strong>piri Sexeba.<br />
me vmuSaob aiv-Sidsze gaeros erTiani programis farglebSi. es organizacia<br />
calke saagentoc ki ar aris. es gaxlavT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saagentoebis erToblioba,<br />
amdenad unikaluri warmonaqmnia <strong>da</strong> miuTiTebs imaze, rom aiv-<strong>Sidsi</strong> namdvilad aris<br />
gansakuTrebuli movlena <strong>da</strong> epidemia. is gansakuTrebulia ara marto im<br />
qveynebisTvis, sa<strong>da</strong>c aiviT inficirebulTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebulTa ricxvi maRalia,<br />
aramed saqarTvelosTvisac, sa<strong>da</strong>c sabednierod, jer aseTi cifrebi ara gvaqvs,<br />
Tumca riskebi sakmaod maRalia. vici, rom Cemi kolegebi <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT nino<br />
badriZe, romelic aris im <strong>da</strong>wesebulebi<strong>da</strong>n, romelic aris pioneri <strong>Sidsi</strong>s sferoSi<br />
moRvaweobisa, ufro <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT giambobT maTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> imazec, Tu<br />
rogor viTardeba es <strong>da</strong>avadeba.<br />
gaurkveveli <strong>da</strong>avadebis Sesaxeb, romelic letalobiT mTavrdebo<strong>da</strong>, pirveli<br />
informacia 70-iani wlebis miwuruls gaCn<strong>da</strong> atlantaSi mdebare <strong>da</strong>avadebaTa<br />
kontrolis centris angariSebSi. Cemi azriT, iman, rom pirveli SemTxvevebi im<br />
mamakacebTan aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, romlebic homoseqsualur urTierTobebs irCeven,<br />
gamoiwvia Tavad am a<strong>da</strong>mianebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>avadebis stigmatizacia. es virusi garkveul<br />
SemTxvevebSi yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians SeiZleba ga<strong>da</strong>edos. misgan aravin aris <strong>da</strong>zRveuli <strong>da</strong><br />
Sesabamisad, a<strong>da</strong>mianis imunodeficitis virusi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>avadeba, romelic am virusis<br />
matarebel a<strong>da</strong>mians SeiZleba droTa viTarebaSi ganuviTardes, aris SeZenili<br />
imunodeficitis sindromi, mZime <strong>da</strong>avadeba. es dResdReobiT aris SesaZlebeli<br />
laparaki imis Sesaxeb, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebi cxovroben am virusiT. amas SeiZleba<br />
gamarjvebac vuwodoT, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebsac aqvT es problema, cxovroben.<br />
samwuxarod, jer ver vityviT, rom gankurnebadia, magram mkurnaloba efeqtiania <strong>da</strong><br />
am a<strong>da</strong>mianebis cxovrebis xarisxic Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT maRldeba.<br />
am <strong>da</strong>avadebisagan imitom ar aris aravin <strong>da</strong>zRveuli, rom mas gavrcelebis<br />
nairgvari gzebi aqvs. is ga<strong>da</strong>icema rogorc sisxliT, ise masTan misa<strong>da</strong>gebuli sxva<br />
siTxeebiT, romelic aris a<strong>da</strong>mianis organizmSi. es SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli iyos<br />
saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi narkotikebis ineqciur moxmarebasTan, rac afrikis<br />
qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT CvvenSi dRemde virusis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis wamyvan gzad iTvleba.<br />
afrikis qveynebSi inficirebulTa raodenoba gacilebiT maRalia, magram ga<strong>da</strong>cemis<br />
xasiaTi sxvagvaria. iq sqesobrivad ga<strong>da</strong>cema yovelTvis ufro dominireb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
samedicino aspeqtebze Cemi kolegebi ufro kargad isaubreben, me ufro imaze<br />
msurs saubari, rom sazogadoebaSi metad iyos gacnobierebuli es sakiTxebi. Cveni<br />
organizaciis Camoyalibeba am epidemiis <strong>da</strong>wyebi<strong>da</strong>n aTi wlis Tavze, ukavSirdeba<br />
ideis gaCenas, rom gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciebi, rogorc erToblivi ojaxi,<br />
kidev erTxel gaerTianebuliyo am epidemiis winaaRmdeg. es erTiani programa<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis aTma organizaciam Camoayaliba. misi mizani iyo, farTo<br />
advokatireba im sakiTxebisa, romlebic <strong>da</strong>exmarebo<strong>da</strong> aiv-<strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebul<br />
2
a<strong>da</strong>mianebs ufro xelmisawvdomi yofiliyo ukve arsebuli an SemdgomSi kacobriobis<br />
mier SemuSavebuli servisebi, rac am epidemiis <strong>da</strong>Zlevas Seuwyobs xels.<br />
ukve oc<strong>da</strong>aTi welia gasuli epidemiis <strong>da</strong>wyebi<strong>da</strong>n. es TariRi ama wlis<br />
ivnisSi maRali donis SexvedriT aRiniSna niu-iorkSi. pan gi munis dRevandel<br />
dResTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul mimarTvaSi optimisturi gzavnilic aris gaJRerebuli, rom<br />
meoTxe deka<strong>da</strong>Si Sesvlisas realurad vxe<strong>da</strong>vT perspeqtivas, rom <strong>da</strong>wyebulia am<br />
epidemiis <strong>da</strong>sasruli. sakmaod optimisturi gancxadebaa imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom<br />
2008 wels <strong>da</strong>wyebuli finansuri krizisis gamo dRes gviwevs saubari sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
siZneleze, <strong>da</strong>finansebis Semdgomi regularuli tempiT gagrZelebac ufro<br />
problematuri Cans dRevandeli ga<strong>da</strong>saxedi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
min<strong>da</strong> mokled mogiTxroT, ra gaakeTa gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam<br />
mTlianad am wlebis ganmavlobaSi. a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebisTvis, swored am mTavari<br />
TemisTvis, romelic Cven gvaerTianebs dRes, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo es<br />
moZraoba. imitom rom gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia, rogorc samTavroboSorisi<br />
struqtura, gaxlavT swored is tribuna, romelic SeiZleba iyos yvelaze qmediTi,<br />
rodesac gvixdeba Zalian Znel sakiTxebze advokatireba. dRes Zalian mniSvnelovan<br />
Sexvedraze vijeqi, ar <strong>da</strong>vakonkreteb sad <strong>da</strong> rogor, magram laparaki iyo im gzebis<br />
Ziebaze, romlebic SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>gvWirdes imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rom, vTqvaT policia<br />
metad CaerTos narkotikebis ineqciuri momxmareblebis patronaJSi. Cven, gaeros<br />
organizaciebi miviltviT, rom amaSi iyos namdvilad keTili sawyisi <strong>da</strong> inovacia,<br />
magram es CemTvis pira<strong>da</strong>d Sansi iyo imis gasaazreblad, rom gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizacias marTla SeuZlia mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong>xmareba, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad biurokratiisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> moaruli reputaciisa, rom Cven imdenad bevri araferi SegviZlia, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />
mniSvnelovnad miviCnevT Tavs. es ase ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong> ar aris, imitom rom Tun<strong>da</strong>c am<br />
Sexvedraze SevZeli Semexsenebina yvela monawilisaTvis, rom aq laparaki un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
ufro xelSemwyobi garemos Seqmnaze, risganac saqarTvelo Zalian Sors aris.<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>pir getyviT, Zalian min<strong>da</strong> rom dRevandeli Cveni Sexvedra ar ga<strong>da</strong>izardos<br />
mxolod polemikaSi iseT mtkivneul Temaze, rogoric aris narkotikebis<br />
moxmarebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli kanonmdebloba, magram aqve <strong>da</strong>vamateb, rom<br />
saqarTveloSi, rogorc weRanac vTqvi, narkotikebis ineqciuri gziT moxmareba<br />
namdvilad aris am virusis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis mTavari gza <strong>da</strong> amaze rom ar vilaparakoT <strong>da</strong><br />
gaeros tribuni<strong>da</strong>nac ar SevaxsenoT amis Sesaxeb umaRlesi donis warmomadgenlebs,<br />
rom ar viaqtiuroT, isini verafers gaakeTeben, amaSi Rrmad var <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli. Tu<br />
moTxovna ar iqneba sazogadoebisgan, arc cvlilebebi iqneba.<br />
Zalian mokled getyviT meqanizmebze, rac gaerom epidemiasTan brZolisTvis<br />
mobilizaciis TvalsazrisiT SeimuSava. konkretulad Cems samsaxurs ewodeba<br />
swored sazogadoebis mobilizaciis mrCeveli <strong>da</strong> es posti tipuria yvela qveyanaSi.<br />
2001 wels iyo pirveli deklaracia, romelmac politikuri deklaraciis saxeli<br />
2006 wels miiRo. gaeros <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT msoflio alaparak<strong>da</strong> e.w. universalur<br />
xelmisawvdomobaze, aq igulisxmeba yvelanair servisze xelmisawvdomoba. gaeros<br />
meSveobiT wamoiwia win iseTma sakiTxebma, rogoric aris zianis Semcireba, romlis<br />
farglebSic arsebobs sami saagentos _ UNAIDS, gaeros jan<strong>da</strong>cvis msoflio<br />
organizacia <strong>da</strong> gaeros ofisi <strong>da</strong>naSaulisa <strong>da</strong> narkotikebis winaaRmdeg. am sami<br />
organizaciis egidiT 2009 wels specialuri saxelmZRvaneloc ki gamoica imisTvis,<br />
raTa ukeTesad <strong>da</strong>igegmos e.w. zianis Semcirebis programebi. es aris programebi,<br />
romlebic swored narkotikebis momxmareblebisTvis aris gankuTvnili, zianis<br />
Semcireba ki gulisxmobs swored imas, rom am a<strong>da</strong>mianebs moeqcnen ara rogorc<br />
<strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebs, aramed rogorc <strong>da</strong>zaralebulebs. Tavs Sevikaveb iseTi sityvis<br />
xmarebisgan, rogoricaa `avadmyofebi~, Tumca namdvilad aqvT samedicino problemebi<br />
3
TavianTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis gamo narkotikebze <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmareba sWirdebaT. roca aseTi<br />
tipis dokumentze vlaparakob, es aris imis maCvenebeli, rom gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizacias Zalian bevri SeuZlia gaakeTos <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>exmaros qveynebs, sazogadoebas,<br />
rom <strong>da</strong>Zlion aseTi problemebi <strong>da</strong> maT Soris aiv-<strong>Sidsi</strong>s epidemia.<br />
2011 wlis ivnisi vaxsene _ epidemiis 30 wlis Tavze ganaxl<strong>da</strong> wevri<br />
qveynebis mier iseTi valdebulebebi, rogoric aris 2015 wlisTvis universaluri<br />
xelmisawvdomobis miRweva aiv-<strong>Sidsi</strong>s servisebze. es TariRi emTxveva aTaswleulis<br />
gegmebis miRwevis TariRs. aseT sayovelTao dRes miTumetes aucilebelia, rom<br />
<strong>da</strong>vZlioT finansuri siZneleebi. aris moaruli xmebi imis Sesaxeb, rom Zalian<br />
cnobili fondi, iseTi rogoricaa saqarTveloSi yvelaze didi donori, globaluri<br />
fondi, garkveuli finansuri siZneleebis gamo saqarTveloSi arsebul programebs<br />
Seamcirebs. saqarTvelo aris erT-erTi yvelaze warmatebuli ganmaxorcielebeli<br />
globaluri fondis mier <strong>da</strong>finansebuli programebisa msoflioSi <strong>da</strong> aris is<br />
qveyana, romelmac Zalian gamarTuli sistema Camoayaliba, Tu rogor ebrZolos am<br />
<strong>da</strong>avadebas. amaSi didia <strong>da</strong>msaxureba Cveni pirveli ledis, qalbatoni sandra<br />
elisabed rulovsis. misi piradi <strong>da</strong>msaxurebaa is, rom ganviTar<strong>da</strong> saqarTveloSi<br />
zianis Semcirebis programebi, romelzec ukve gesaubreT. qveyanaSi, romelsac aseTi<br />
cudi sa<strong>da</strong>msjelo kanoni aqvs am a<strong>da</strong>mianebis mimarT, es namdvilad mniSvnelovani<br />
momentia.<br />
bolos stigmaze min<strong>da</strong> SevaCero Tqveni yuradReba, romelic aris mTavari<br />
barieri CvenTvis yvelasTvis, rom universaluri xelmisawvdomoba iyos, rom<br />
yovelTvis SegveZlos sajaro sivrceSi am sakiTxebis Rirseulad gaSuqeba. ratom<br />
vambob `Rirseulad~ _ aris mTeli rigi faqtorebi, romlebic stigmas kvebavs.<br />
saqarTveloSi, romelic ar aris maRali prevalentobis qveyana, es <strong>infeqcia</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>avadeba koncentrirebulia e.w. riskis jgufebSi. aq igulisxmebian is a<strong>da</strong>mianebic,<br />
romlebic yidian seqss <strong>da</strong> esec aseve tabu<strong>da</strong>debuli Temaa saqarTveloSi.<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs, ramdenad SevZlebT stigmis <strong>da</strong>Zlevas. Tava<strong>da</strong>c mixdeba<br />
Tavis gakontroleba, rom Cemi ena odnava<strong>da</strong>c ar iyos siZulvilisken mimarTuli,<br />
imitom rom im pirobebSi aRvizardeT, sa<strong>da</strong>c a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebisa <strong>da</strong> Tavisuflebis<br />
pativiscema, samwuxarod, naklebad iyo saWiro. dRes msoflio masStabiT ikribebian<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi <strong>da</strong> aqciebs awyoben. un<strong>da</strong> gvqondes iseTi ganwyoba, rom es ar aris marto<br />
konkretul epidemiasTan <strong>da</strong> konkretul virusTan brZola, romelic <strong>da</strong>merwmuneT<br />
sakmaod veragia imisTvis, rom saxe icvalos <strong>da</strong> nair-nairi formiT gamovlindes. <strong>da</strong><br />
es medicinisTvis kidev ufro didi problemaa, amitomac ar aris dRemde vaqcina am<br />
virusis sawinaaRmdegod SemuSavebuli. Cveni motivacia un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom viyoT<br />
erTmaneTis mimarT pativiscemiT ganwyobilebi <strong>da</strong> ar CavTvaloT, rom es marto im<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis problemaa, romelic ratomRac cu<strong>da</strong>d iqceva <strong>da</strong> amitom dgas im safrTxis<br />
winaSe, rom erT mSvenier dRes aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>edos. es rom ase ar aris,<br />
kacobrioba <strong>da</strong>avadebis istoriamac <strong>da</strong>arwmuna. safrTxisgan iseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianic ki<br />
SeiZleba rom ar iyos <strong>da</strong>zRveuli, romelic skrupulozurad akontrolebs Tavis<br />
qcevebs, imitom rom SeiZleba jan<strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>da</strong>wesebulebaSi raRac servisi <strong>da</strong>sWirdes<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tu es procedura xarisxian pirobebSi, yvela stan<strong>da</strong>rtis <strong>da</strong>cviT ar Cautares,<br />
ver aicilebs riskebs. ase rom un<strong>da</strong> gaverTiandeT am keTili motiviT <strong>da</strong> ara<br />
erTmaneTis kritikisTvis, miT umetes ar un<strong>da</strong> vifiqroT, rom es sxvisi Wiria <strong>da</strong><br />
Cven ar gvexeba. piriqiT un<strong>da</strong> gavzardoT Cvens TavSi Sinagani Tavisufleba<br />
imisTvis, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebi iyvnen Ria am sakiTxebis ganxilvisTvis. saqarTveloSi<br />
Znelia am Temebze laparaki. wlebis win, rogorc reproduqciuli janmrTelobis<br />
specialistma, kondomis gamoyenebaze leqcia wavikiTxe. erTi axalgazr<strong>da</strong> ymawvili<br />
4
scenaze amovi<strong>da</strong>, Tqveni axlos gacnoba min<strong>da</strong>o. imitom rom CaTvala, rom radgan<br />
kondomze vlaparakobdi, advilad xelmisawvdomi viqnebodi.<br />
min<strong>da</strong> bevri aseTi Sexvedra gaimarTos, sa<strong>da</strong>c ufro momzadebuli sazogadoeba<br />
iqneba <strong>da</strong> Cemze ukeTesad SeZlebs am yvelafris gaSuqebas. SeZlebs iyos imdenad<br />
Zlieri <strong>da</strong> Tavisufali, rom absoluturad <strong>da</strong>zRveuli iyos siZulvilis enisganac,<br />
nebismieri diskriminaciisganac, imitom rom Tavisuflebamoklebuli<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebi kvebavs stigmas. didi madloba.<br />
gogi gvaxaria _ didi madloba. vicodi, rom dRes stigmaze visaubrebdiT <strong>da</strong><br />
es mTavari Tema iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. stigma, rogorc wesi, ucodinrobiT aris gamowveuli.<br />
axla albaT qalbaton ninos movusminoT, romelic gvetyvis, ra siaxleebia am<br />
<strong>infeqcia</strong>sTan brZolis TvalsazrisiT. qalbatonma liam gviTxra, rom mniSvnelovani<br />
progresia am sferoSi miRweuli.<br />
nino badriZe _ Zalian didi madloba mowvevisaTvis. saubari min<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>viwyo<br />
imiT, Tu ras aRvniSnavT pirvel dekembers. es dRe pirvelad 1988 wels aRiniSna.<br />
msoflio jan<strong>da</strong>cvis ministrebis Sexvedraze aRiniSna, rom <strong>Sidsi</strong> iseTi <strong>da</strong>avadeba<br />
iyo, romelic Zalian did zarals ayeneb<strong>da</strong> ara marto jan<strong>da</strong>cvis, aramed ekonomikis<br />
sferosac <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites, rom erToblivad ebrZolaT am <strong>da</strong>avadebis winaaRmdeg.<br />
SidsTan brZolis saerTaSoriso dRed pirveli dekemberi SearCies. 1991 wli<strong>da</strong>n ki<br />
ukve yvelas gvikeTia wiTeli bafTebi, rac aris mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera aiv-inficirebulTa<br />
mimarT. es imas niSnavs, rom gvesmis maTi, vzrunavT maTze, ganvicdiT maT<br />
mdgomareobas <strong>da</strong> vcdilobT mxarSi amovudgeT.<br />
yovel pirvel dekembers aqvs Tavisi devizi. wlevandeli devizi, romelic<br />
2015 wlamde SenarCundeba, aris ,,<strong>da</strong>viyvanoT nulamde~. es imas niSnavs, rom un<strong>da</strong><br />
SevecadoT, 2015 wlisTvis aRar iyos aiv-infeqciis SemTxvevebi. yvela qveyana un<strong>da</strong><br />
Seecados iseTi RonisZiebebis gatareba, rom 2015 wlisTvis aiv-infeqciis axali<br />
SemTxveva aRar iyos <strong>da</strong> aRar iyos stigmatizacia <strong>da</strong> diskriminacia aivinficirebulebis<br />
mimarT. es Zalian seriozuli Canafiqria, Tumca yvelani un<strong>da</strong><br />
SevecadoT, rom mivaRwioT am mizans.<br />
dRes msoflioSi <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 33 milioni a<strong>da</strong>miania aiv-inficirebuli. modiT,<br />
aqve ganvmartoT, rom aiv-inficirebuli ar niSnavs imas, rom a<strong>da</strong>mians <strong>Sidsi</strong> aqvs.<br />
aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong> aris a<strong>da</strong>mianis mdgomareoba, rodesac mis organizmSi aris virusi.<br />
<strong>Sidsi</strong> aris aiv-virusiT wlebis Semdeg a<strong>da</strong>mianis organizmSi gamowveuli<br />
mdgomareoba, rasac ukve <strong>da</strong>avadebis ganviTarebamde mivyavarT. amitom aivinficirebulis<br />
<strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebulTan gaTanabreba <strong>da</strong> mis sinonimad gamoyeneba<br />
arasworia.<br />
saqarTveloSi pirveli SemTxveva 1989 wels <strong>da</strong>registrir<strong>da</strong>. iqi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
moyolebuli dRemde 3080 a<strong>da</strong>miania <strong>da</strong>registrirebuli, rogorc aiv-inficirebuli.<br />
maTgan <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 700-mde a<strong>da</strong>miani gar<strong>da</strong>icvala, zogi am <strong>da</strong>avadebiT, zogic sxva,<br />
Tanmxlebi <strong>da</strong>avadebiT. saqarTveloSi inficirebulebis 3/4 mamakacia. rac Seexeba<br />
<strong>da</strong>avadebis ganviTarebas, stabiluri, magram mainc mzardi tendencia gvaqvs. nel-nela<br />
izrdeba axali SemTxvevebis raodenoba. jerjerobiT ver mivaRwieT imas, rom ar<br />
gaizardos axali SemTxvevebis raodenoba, vnaxoT mivaRwevT Tu ara amas 2015<br />
wlisTvis. erTaderTi, rasac mivaRwieT, is aris, rom narkotikebis momxmareblebSi<br />
axali SemTxvevebis gavrceleba odnav Semcir<strong>da</strong>. Tumca amis mtkicebac Zalian Znelia.<br />
erT magaliTs moviyvan, rodesac aRricxva <strong>da</strong>viwyeT, 5-7 wlis win, Cveni<br />
inficirebulebis 78% narkotikebis ineqciuri momxmarebeli iyo. dReisTvis maTi<br />
raodenoba 56%-ia. amas SeiZleba ori mizezi hqondes, SesaZloa, TviTon<br />
5
narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raodenoba Semcir<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong> meore _ arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis <strong>da</strong> cotaTi <strong>Sidsi</strong>s centris saqeba<strong>da</strong>c vityvi, rom maT moaxerxes<br />
swori gzavnilebis mitana narkotikebis momxmareblebamde, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong><br />
moexmaraT is usafrTxod, rom ar <strong>da</strong>inficirebuliyvnen. samwuxarod amas ver<br />
vityviT sqesobrivi gziT ga<strong>da</strong>cemaze, imitom rom rac ufro <strong>da</strong>iwia narkotikebis<br />
moxmarebis wilma, miT ufro gaizar<strong>da</strong> sqesobrivi gziT ga<strong>da</strong>cema. qarTveli<br />
inficirebulebis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 40%-mde sqesobrivi gziT aris <strong>da</strong>inficirebuli. ase<br />
rom amasac Zalian didi yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mivaqcioT <strong>da</strong> yvela a<strong>da</strong>mianma un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaiTavisos, rom es <strong>da</strong>avadeba sqesobrivi gziTac ga<strong>da</strong>dis.<br />
mokled visaubreb imaze, Tu ra siaxleebi gvaqvs mkurnalobasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. jer-jerobiT mniSvnelovani siaxle ar gvaqvs. erTaderTi kargi rac<br />
gvaqvs, aris is rom mkurnalobis procesSi ar aris aiv-inficirebulTa<br />
diskriminacia <strong>da</strong> ara aqvs mniSvneloba imas, Tu ra gziT <strong>da</strong>inficir<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>miani. min<strong>da</strong><br />
giTxraT, rom saqarTveloSi ar aris a<strong>da</strong>miani, romelsac sWirdeba <strong>da</strong> aqvs<br />
mkurnalobis survili <strong>da</strong> ar eZleva amis saSualeb, mkurnaloba namdvilad<br />
xelmisawvdeomia. mas afinansebs saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> globaluri fondi. es programebi<br />
erTmaneTs ar faravs <strong>da</strong> nawili finansdeba globaluri fondis mier <strong>da</strong> nawils<br />
saxelmwifo afinansebs.<br />
meore momentia gamokvlevebi, anu vis vutarebT testirebas am <strong>infeqcia</strong>ze <strong>da</strong><br />
ramdenad SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>interesebul a<strong>da</strong>mians testireba anonimurad Caitaros.<br />
gamokvlevebi tardeba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d saxelmwifo programis saSualebiT, aseve<br />
globaluri fondisa <strong>da</strong> USAID-is <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT. imisaTvis rom saxelmwifom zustad<br />
gansazRvros Tanxebis <strong>da</strong>xarjva-ar<strong>da</strong>xarjvis sakiTxi, testirebis dros <strong>da</strong>dgin<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom a<strong>da</strong>mianma warmoadginos piradobis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli mowmoba <strong>da</strong> mas mxolod<br />
amis Semdeg SegviZlia CavutaroT konsultancia <strong>da</strong> testireba. winaaRmdeg<br />
SemTxvevaSi mas mainc SeuZlia Caitaros testireba, oRond ara saxelmwifo<br />
programiT. es Semovi<strong>da</strong> 2011 wlis 22 ivlisi<strong>da</strong>n, roca axali programa Sevi<strong>da</strong><br />
ZalaSi. aq sazogadoebrivi jan<strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>da</strong>avadebaTa kontrolis erovnuli centris<br />
warmomadgenlebi arian, romlebic albaT <strong>da</strong>meTanxmebian, rom amas moyva Zalian<br />
seriozuli debatebi. sakonsultaciod Semosul yvela pirs vafrTxilebT, rom aris<br />
aseTi moTxovna, rom un<strong>da</strong> warmogvidginos piradobis mowmoba, winaaRmdeg<br />
SemTxvevaSi Cven ar gvaqvs ufleba ufasod CavutaroT testireba.<br />
stigmasac Sevexebi. Zalian xSirad saubroben imaze, rom aiv-inficirebulma<br />
rom Tqvas, rom is aris aiv-inficirebuli, maSin aseTi stigma aRar iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
qveyanaSi. magram meore mxriv aiv-inficirebulebs rom movusminoT, isini amboben,<br />
rom stigma rom ar yofiliyo, isini gaamJRavnebdnen sakuTar Tavs. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa,<br />
rom Semcir<strong>da</strong>, stigma mainc Zalian Zlieria Cvens qveyanaSi. adre mSobiares, Tu is<br />
aiv-inficirebuli iyo, xels ar mokidebdnen. stomatologTan ver midiodnen. dRes<br />
bevri specialisti ukve aRar acxadebs uars moemsaxuros aiv-inficirebul<br />
pacientebs. adre iyo saWiroeba <strong>da</strong> Cveni stomatologebi gvyav<strong>da</strong>, magram es ufro<br />
aRrmavebs stigmas. amitom SevecadeT ganaTlebiT migveRwia mosaxleobis<br />
destigmatizaciisTvis. eqimebSi, stomatologebi iqnebian Tu qirurgebi, bevrad<br />
ufro Semcir<strong>da</strong> stigma, Tumca dResac aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac uars amboben<br />
pacientis momsaxurebaze sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mizeziT. <strong>Sidsi</strong> rogorc wesi, ar saxeldeba<br />
xolme. gmadlobT.<br />
izol<strong>da</strong> bodokia, <strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebulTa <strong>da</strong>xmarebis fondis direqtori _<br />
vambobT, rom mateba metnaklebad stabiluria. magram mainteresebs, adre Catarebul<br />
6
gamokvlevebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, is Semcirebulia naxevramde, Tumca raodenoba igive<br />
gvaqvs. maSin geometriulad zr<strong>da</strong> sakmaod maRali un<strong>da</strong> iyos.<br />
nino badriZe _ geTanxmebiT, ase iqneba Tu inficirebulTa raodenobas<br />
SevufardebT gamokvleulTa raodenobas, magram isic un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT, rom es<br />
<strong>da</strong>avadeba nel-nela fexs ikideb<strong>da</strong> saqarTveloSi. is Tu adre ruseTi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong><br />
ukraini<strong>da</strong>n Semotanili <strong>infeqcia</strong> iyo, axla TviTon saqarTveloSi <strong>da</strong>iwyo<br />
gavrceleba. magram yovelTvis arsebobs winaswari gaTvla, ramdeni inficirebuli<br />
SeiZleba iyos qveyanaSi. UNAIDS-is <strong>da</strong> jan<strong>da</strong>cvis msoflio organizaciis mier<br />
gakeTebuli gaTvlebiT qveyanaSi <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 5 aTasamde inficirebuli SeiZleba<br />
iyos. es patara qveynisTvis arasasiamovno cifria, magram 100 aTas mosaxleze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>angariSebiT namdvilad <strong>da</strong>bali prevalentobis qveyana gamovdivarT.<br />
gogi gvaxaria _ <strong>da</strong>axloebiT aTi wlis win, rodesac am Temaze ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs<br />
vamzadebdi, specialistebi wli<strong>da</strong>n wlamde sul ufro SemaSinebel suraTs<br />
xatavdnen. rasTan iyo <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli panikis niSnebi, mosaxleobas vafrTxilebdiT,<br />
rom frTxilad yofiliyvnen Tu SevcdiT? TqviTon eqimebi iyvnen panikaSi.<br />
nino badriZe _ adre, rodesac SemTxvevebi jer aTass ar iyo ga<strong>da</strong>cdenili,<br />
Camosuli eqspertebi gvafrTxilebdnen xolme, rom <strong>da</strong>inficirebulTa raodenoba<br />
rogorc ki ga<strong>da</strong>scdebo<strong>da</strong> aTass, ukve Zalian swrafad, yovel momdevno wels kidev<br />
aTasi <strong>da</strong>ematebo<strong>da</strong>. sabednierod es ar gamarTl<strong>da</strong>. rasakvirvelia, imuSava<br />
mosaxleobis gafrTxilebamac, raTa Tavi <strong>da</strong>ecvaT, rom ar <strong>da</strong>inficirebuliyvnen.<br />
gogi gvaxaria _ oriode dRis win ga<strong>da</strong>cema Cavwere am Temaze. qalbatonma<br />
jana javaxiSvilma Zalian ucnauri ram Tqva. Turme ruseTsa <strong>da</strong> ukrainaSi infeqciis<br />
ase gavrceleba alkoholis Warb moxmarebas ukavSirdeba. rogorc Cans yofas Zalian<br />
didi mniSvneloba aqvs, alkoholis zemoqmedebis qveS aRaravin fiqrobs<br />
prezervativis gamoyenebaze. es aris seqsualuri urTierTobis kultura. es Temac,<br />
sazogadoebis informirebac Zalian mniSvnelovania. ase rom Zalian kargia, rom<br />
sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis eTeriT ga<strong>da</strong>icema reklama am Temaze.<br />
aq iTqva, rom stigma kvlav Zalian Zlieria. Cemi azriT, is gacilebiT ufro<br />
Zlieri iyo aTi wlis win. maSin <strong>da</strong>inficirebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebis mimarT fobiebi ufro<br />
sagrZnobi iyo. axla saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelis warmomadgenels movusminoT. Tu yofila<br />
iseTi SemTxveva, rom <strong>da</strong>inficirebul a<strong>da</strong>mians misi uflebebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis gamo<br />
moemarTa saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelisTvis.<br />
miran<strong>da</strong> axvlediani _ didi madloba mowvevisTvis. stigmis problema aisaxeba<br />
saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelTan momarTvianobazec. ara gvaqvs arc erTi aseTi gancxadeba,<br />
rodesac <strong>da</strong>inficirebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi TavianTi Selaxuli uflebebis aRdgenis<br />
TxovniT momarTavdnen saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvels. amisi mizezi isic SeiZleba iyos, rom maT<br />
eSiniaT konfidencialobis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis. sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli araswori azrebi<br />
am <strong>da</strong>avadebis Sesaxeb iwvevs am yvelafers. es Tema saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelis aparatisTvis<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovania, imitom rom aiv-infeqciisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>Sidsi</strong>s gavrceleba problemebs<br />
uqmnis janmrTelobis uflebis realizacias <strong>da</strong> zoga<strong>da</strong>d, sxva uflebebTan<br />
konteqstSic ganixileba. Sesabamisad, vmonawileobT am diskusiaSi.<br />
saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcveli a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa <strong>da</strong> TavisuflebaTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevas amowmebs<br />
rogorc saCivris <strong>da</strong> gancxadebis safuZvelze, ise sakuTari iniciativiTac. gvqon<strong>da</strong><br />
ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac sxva organizaciebisa <strong>da</strong> sakuTari iniciativiT<br />
7
Segviswavlia SidsTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakiTxebi. mokled min<strong>da</strong> SegaxsenoT<br />
saxelmwifos valdebulebebze janmrTelobis <strong>da</strong>cvis uflebasa <strong>da</strong> aiv<strong>infeqcia</strong>/SidsTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. erovnul kanonmdeblobaze SevaCereb Tqvens<br />
yuradRebas. saqarTveloSi arsebobs specialuri kanoni aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong>/<strong>Sidsi</strong>s Sesaxeb,<br />
romlis arsebobac maRal stan<strong>da</strong>rts awesebs. saqarTvelo Sedis im qveynebis<br />
ricxvSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c am sakiTxebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT specialuri kanoni gaaCniaT. aseve<br />
arsebobs saxelmwifo programa, romelzec qalbatonma ninom isaubra. es programa<br />
yvela <strong>da</strong>inficirebuls <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>avadebuls moicavs diagnostikiTa <strong>da</strong> mkurnalobiT <strong>da</strong><br />
esec Zalian mniSvnelovania. mniSvnelovania iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoric aris<br />
barierebi <strong>da</strong>saqmebisas, ganaTlebis uflebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, samedicino <strong>da</strong>zRvevaze<br />
xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxebi. es aris is problemebi, romlebic awuxebT aivinficirebulebs.<br />
aseve Zalian mniSvnelovania konfidencialobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
sakiTxebi. dReisTvis miiCneva, rom <strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi Tu am infeqciiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>inficirebulebi miekuTvnebian mowyvlad jgufebs <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebul movlas<br />
saWiroeben saxelmwifos mxri<strong>da</strong>n. maTi ufleba irRveva, rodesac xdeba<br />
diskriminacia jamrTelobis, ganaTlebis <strong>da</strong> socialuri servisebis xelmisawvdomobis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, anu rodesac ar aris Sesaferisi garemo am a<strong>da</strong>mianebisaTvis. romc<br />
ar iyos <strong>da</strong>avadeba Zalian gavrcelebuli, Tun<strong>da</strong>c erTi a<strong>da</strong>miani rom iyos mxolod<br />
<strong>da</strong>inficirebuli, is ufro metad mowyvladia janmrTel a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
uflebrivi TvalsazrisiT met movlas saWiroebs saxelmwifos mxri<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli roli miuZRvis <strong>da</strong>avadebasTan brZolis saqmeSi.<br />
is valdebulia, ara marto ar <strong>da</strong>arRvios es uflebebi, aramed Seqmnas pirobebi<br />
imisaTvis, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebma srulad isargeblon maTTvis miniWebuli uflebebiT.<br />
amisTvis arsebobs uflebis <strong>da</strong>yofis sammxrivi tipologia. es aris pativiscemis,<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> Sesrulebis valdebuleba, romelic saxelmwifos akisria. mindo<strong>da</strong><br />
patara paraleli gamevlo, rogor SeiZleba sxva uflebebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis konteqstSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>vinaxoT <strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianis diskriminacia <strong>da</strong> misi uflebis <strong>da</strong>rRveva.<br />
magaliTisTvis aviRoT Tun<strong>da</strong>c ganaTlebis ufleba. pativiscemis valdebuleba<br />
niSnavs, rom saxelmwifom ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>arRvios <strong>da</strong> pativi sces ganaTlebis uflebas,<br />
magram <strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebulis SemTxvevaSi es iqneba, rodesac <strong>da</strong>inficirebul bavSvebs<br />
ar eqnebaT skolaSi wasvlis saSualeba. uflebis <strong>da</strong>cva niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo<br />
icavs a<strong>da</strong>mianebs mesame pirTa <strong>da</strong> arasaxelmwifo organoebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n uflebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevisgan. es, magaliTad ganaTlebis uflebis konteqstSi <strong>da</strong> SidsTan<br />
mimarTebaSi SeiZleba ganixilos, rodesac mozardebis jgufs ar miuwvdeba xeli<br />
magaliTad reproduqciuli janmrTelobis Sesaxeb informaciaze. esec SeiZleba<br />
ganixilebodes rogorc ganaTlebis uflebis <strong>da</strong>rRveva igive SidsTan <strong>da</strong> aiv<strong>infeqcia</strong>sTan<br />
konteqstSi <strong>da</strong> am SemTxvevaSi xelisSemSleli SeiZleba iyos romelime<br />
jgufi, an Tun<strong>da</strong>c Tavad saxelmwifo. mesame aris Sesrulebis valdebuleba. es aris<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovani faqtori, anu saxelmwifo valdebulia Seqmnas sakanonmdeblo<br />
<strong>da</strong> sabiujeto programebi ama Tu im uflebis gansaxorcieleblad <strong>da</strong> es yvelaze<br />
rTuli Sesasrulebelia xolme, gansakuTrebiT socialuri uflebebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
uflebebis SezRudvazec mindo<strong>da</strong> meTqva erTi-ori sityva, radgan is uflebebi,<br />
romlebic a<strong>da</strong>mianebs gvaqvs, ramdenime uflebis gamoklebiT, ar aris absoluturi.<br />
isini garkveul SezRudvebs eqvemdebarebian, gansakuTrebiT rodesac saqme exeba<br />
sazogadoebrivi jan<strong>da</strong>cvis saWiroebebs.<br />
mogaxsenebT CvenTan Semosul gancxadebebze, igive programebTan mimarTebaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> im <strong>da</strong>rRvevebze, romlebic saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelis aparatma Seiswavla <strong>da</strong> ganixila.<br />
giambobT SarSandel SemTxvevaze programebTan mimarTebaSi, rodesac miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad<br />
imisa, rom programa warmatebiT xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mas Zalian bevri donori hyav<strong>da</strong>,<br />
8
<strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebul a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Tvenaxevris ganmavlobaSi ar miewodebo<strong>da</strong>T<br />
medikamentebi. isini imdenad SeSfoTebulebi iyvnen, rom ga<strong>da</strong>laxes stigma, movidnen<br />
CvenTan <strong>da</strong> gviTxres, rom eSino<strong>da</strong>T, radgan informacia ar hqon<strong>da</strong>T, rodis<br />
miiRebdnen wamals. <strong>da</strong>vadgineT, rom maSin <strong>da</strong>irRva me-7 muxli <strong>`aiv</strong>-<strong>infeqcia</strong>/<strong>Sidsi</strong>s<br />
Sesaxeb~ kanonisa, romelic pacientebis mkurnalobisas droulobasa <strong>da</strong> uwyvetobas<br />
uzrunvelyofs. aseve am kanonis mixedviT, gansazRvruli un<strong>da</strong> iyos im profesiaTa<br />
nusxa, rodesac maTTan kontaqtSi yofnisas aris <strong>da</strong>inficirebis maRali riski. arc<br />
am SemTxvevaSi Sesrulebula kanonis moTxovna, imitom rom, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />
kanoni ramdenime wlis win miiRes, jan<strong>da</strong>cvis saministros aseTi nusxa<br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli ar aqvs <strong>da</strong> mxolod proeqtis saxiT arsebobs. es diskriminaciis<br />
TvalsazrisiT ormagad safrTxis Semcvelia. safrTxes Seicavs im pirebis<br />
diskriminaciisTvis, romelTac usafuZvlod eqmnebaT problema <strong>da</strong>saqmebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT <strong>da</strong> im pirTa mimarTac, romelTa kontaqtic sariskoa ukve<br />
<strong>da</strong>inficirebul a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan.<br />
anonimurobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiTac gavakeTeb mcire komentars. Cven jer ar<br />
Segviswavlia es saqme. kanonis moTxovniT testireba anonimuri un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong> iq<br />
aranairi <strong>da</strong>Tqma ar aris, rom am SemTxvevaSi iyos, <strong>da</strong> im SemTxvevaSi ara. didi<br />
madloba.<br />
G gogi gvaxaria _ Zalian didi madloba. axla baton kaxaber kepulaZes<br />
movusminoT. mas uSualod aqvs kontaqti <strong>da</strong>inficirebul a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan <strong>da</strong> yvelaze<br />
kargad Tu ara, yovel SemTxvevaSi Zalian kargad icis, ra awuxebs maT. albaT<br />
stigmazec visaubrebT.<br />
kaxaber kepulaZe _ upirveles yovlisa madloba fonds <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mswre<br />
sazogadoebas. yvelaze sasixarulo is aris, rom <strong>da</strong>rbazSi mxolod eqspertebi ar<br />
arian. miRwevaa, rodesac diskusias eswrebian axalgazrdebi, romlebic movidnen<br />
saintereso sakiTxis mosasmenad <strong>da</strong> ara mxolod imitom rom es asea saWiro.<br />
rac Seexeba TviTon Temas, ukve bevri ram iTqva. me albaT momiwevs<br />
garkveuli magaliTebiTYmimovixilo qveyanaSi arsebuli viTareba. upirvelesad<br />
Sevexebi stigmisa <strong>da</strong> diskriminaciis sakiTxs. <strong>da</strong>viwyeb im informaciiT, romelic<br />
SeiZleba sadRac amogikiTxavT kidec. magaliTad, arsebobs herpes-virusebi. rva<br />
tipis virusia, romelic a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis <strong>da</strong>avadebis momtania. herpes-virusis<br />
matarebelia mTeli msoflios mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 90%, citomegalovirusis<br />
_ 70%. maTi raodenoba gacilebiT metia vidre aiv-virusis matarelebTa raodenoba,<br />
magram maT aravin uwodebs <strong>da</strong>avadebulebs <strong>da</strong> uaryofiTi elferi ar sdevs maTze<br />
saubars, gansxvavebiT maTgan, vizec dRes vsaubrobT. Zalian mniSvnelovania,<br />
gaviTvaliswinoT, ra eniT vsaubrobT <strong>da</strong> ra sityvas viyenebT. un<strong>da</strong> vicodeT, rogor<br />
gamoviyenoT terminologia. amitom Tava<strong>da</strong>c vebrZvi Tavs, rom Zveli terminebi,<br />
romlebic CvenSi Rrmad zis, rogoricaa "aiv-inficirebuli", "<strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebuli",<br />
xSirad ar gamoviyeno, radgan arsebobs Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT civiluri forma, aiv-pozitiuri<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani. am terminiT cota ufro rbilad gamovxatavT saTqmels, radgan<br />
gavurbivarT sityva `<strong>da</strong>avadebuls~. aris Tu ara SiSi? gveSinia Tu ara? ra Tqma<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gveSinia. ratom gveSinia? imitom rom Cven im sazogadoebis Svilebi varT,<br />
romelsac eSino<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Tu <strong>da</strong>vubrundebiT istorias, 80-ian wlebSi, pirveli, rac gax<strong>da</strong> cnobili<br />
<strong>Sidsi</strong>s Sesaxeb, is iyo, rom raRac sasikvdilo <strong>da</strong>avadeba iqna gamovlenili. pirvel<br />
wels marto aSS-Si 1500-ze meti a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong>fiqsir<strong>da</strong> <strong>Sidsi</strong>s stadiaze. maSin ar<br />
iyo efeqturi gamovlenis saSualebebi, <strong>da</strong> vlindebo<strong>da</strong> mxolod klinikuri niSni<strong>da</strong>n<br />
9
gamomdinare, anu ukve <strong>da</strong>avadebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebic am <strong>da</strong>avadebis bolo<br />
stadiaze imyofebodnen. Sesabamisad, am periodSi ar iyo samedicino saSualebebi,<br />
rom gankurnebaze, an Tun<strong>da</strong>c SeCerebaze gvefiqra. amitom yvela gamovlenili<br />
SemTxveva sikvdiliT sruldebo<strong>da</strong>. aman gamoiwvia panika. stigma mxolod aivpozitiur<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebze ar vrceldeba. am <strong>da</strong>avadebam Zalian bevri jgufis<br />
stigmatizireba moaxdina <strong>da</strong> es dRemde grZeldeba. upirveles yovlisa es is<br />
jgufebi iyvnen, romlebic Tavi<strong>da</strong>n informaciaSi gamoCndnen. vin iyvnen <strong>da</strong>avadebuli<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, anu, paralelurad vin iyvnen is a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, vinc gaavrcelebdnen am<br />
<strong>da</strong>avadebas. eseni aRmoCndnen homoseqsualuri urTierTobis mamakacebi, komerciuli<br />
seqsis muSaki qalbatonebi <strong>da</strong> ineqciuri gziT wamlis momxmareblebi.<br />
`prostitucia~ iuridiuli terminia <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi debatebis dros naklebad<br />
gamosayenebelia, radgan TavisTavSi uaryofiT elfers moicavs. bevr qveyanaSia<br />
legalizebuli es saqmianoba, Sesabamisad vuwodebT `komerciuli seqsis muSakebs~,<br />
imitom rom Zalian bevr ganviTarebul qveyanaSi es saqmianoba Sromis CamonaTvalSia<br />
Setanili. amas moyva is, rom es jgufebi Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> rogorc momatebuli riskis<br />
jgufebi. imitom rom TavianTi cxovrebis stili<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, ufro meti<br />
albaToba aqvT, rom <strong>da</strong>inficirdnen <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad sxvas ga<strong>da</strong>scen es <strong>infeqcia</strong>.<br />
amdens vlaparakobT stigmaze <strong>da</strong> ar gviTqvams, ras warmoadgens is. xSirad<br />
xdeba, rom erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave sakiTxze vlaparakobT, magram gansxvavebulad gvesmis.<br />
stigma anu socialuri <strong>da</strong>mRa gansxvavdeba ubralo stereotipisgan. stereotips<br />
yovelTvis ar axlavs uaryofiTi elferi. magaliTad, stereotipia `qarTveli<br />
alkoholiki ar arsebobs~. stereotipia, magram masSi uaryofiTi araferi devs.<br />
magram <strong>`aiv</strong>-inficirebulebi borotdebian~ aris stigma. anu es aris yvelaze<br />
radikaluri forma, romelic SeiZleba iyos sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli.<br />
stigmatizaciis dros, Tqven yofT sazogadoebas, `Cven <strong>da</strong> isini~. es aris yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani. am gayofis Sedegad ufro Rrmavdeba is stigmatizirebadi foni,<br />
romelic Tu qmedebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong>, ukve warmoadgens diskriminacias.<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve vTqvi, rom stigmasTan muSaoba aris bewvis xidze siaruli, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
ar un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>ameto arc marjvniv <strong>da</strong> arc marcxniv. xSirad xdeba, rom <strong>da</strong>avadebasTan<br />
an stigmasTan brZolis dros Cven TviTon vametebT <strong>da</strong> uares stigmatizacias<br />
viwvevT.<br />
ramdenime wlis win, mezobel qveyanaSi mixsnidnen, ramdenad win arian, rogor<br />
ebrZvian stigmas <strong>da</strong> dikriminacias am jgufTan mimarTebaSi. mimiyvanes sabavSvo baRSi,<br />
romelic aris aiv-inficirebuli bavSvebisTvis. es iTvleba winga<strong>da</strong>dgmul nabijad.<br />
warmoidgineT bavSvi, romelmac es yvelaferi gaiara. wlebis mere rom SeekiTxebian,<br />
romel baRSi <strong>da</strong>diodio, ra un<strong>da</strong> upasuxos, aiv-inficirebulebis baRSi? rogori<br />
Camoyalibebuli fsiqofoni un<strong>da</strong> hqondes imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris sazogadoeba <strong>da</strong><br />
misi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba imis mimarT, rasac Tavis TavSi hpovebs, rasTan erTa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
cxovrobs. mets getyviT, SeveSvaT mezobel saxelmwifos, saqarTvelos magaliTi<br />
aviRoT. CvenSi siamayiT gamocxadebul sityvebs gavimeoreb: `<strong>Sidsi</strong>ani<br />
orsulebisTvis specialuri boqsi arsebobs!~ gasaazrebelia, ramdenad aris es<br />
winga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli nabiji. warmoidgineT ganyofileba, romelsac aweria: <strong>`aiv</strong>inficirebuli<br />
mSobiare <strong>da</strong> meZuZuri dedebisTvis~. sasaciloa xom? iciT ratom<br />
aris sasacilo? imitom rom absoluturad aranormaluria, amitom gecinebaT, Torem<br />
sinamdvileSi, amaSi iumori ar devs. 80-ian wlebSi saxelmwifoebSi stigmatizaciam<br />
piks miaRwia, imitom rom xalxi ar iyo informirebuli. es didi talRa am wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi nel-nela Cacxra, magram Cven jer kidev serfingistebi varT im<br />
talRis pikze, romelic ver Cacxreba. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom SeiZleba xmamaRla<br />
10
aRar ismis gamosvlebi, konkretuli magaliTebi aCvenebs, rom es mZime foni kidev<br />
arsebobs.<br />
aris erTi momenti, romelic xSirad SeiZleba sadRac waikiTxoT an gaigoT:<br />
`ra mox<strong>da</strong>? es im a<strong>da</strong>mianebis bralia, visac es mouvi<strong>da</strong>.~ Cven xom xmamaRla vambobT,<br />
rom es <strong>infeqcia</strong> garkveuli qcevebiT ga<strong>da</strong>icema, <strong>da</strong> Tu Tqveni qcevebi<br />
kontrolirebadia Tqvens mier, maSin ga<strong>da</strong>cemis albaToba Zalian mcirdeba, TiTqmis<br />
nuls utoldeba. Tu qcevebi kontrolirebadia, gamodis, rom Tu <strong>infeqcia</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>edoT, es ukve am a<strong>da</strong>mianebis bralia, radgan ar moufrTxildnen Tavs <strong>da</strong> ratom<br />
un<strong>da</strong> amovudgeT mxarSi, ratom un<strong>da</strong> vilaparakoT amdeni imis Sesaxeb, aris Tu ara<br />
fuli samkurnalod. magram gana vinme ganikiTxavs a<strong>da</strong>mianebs, romlebic<br />
avtoSemTxvevis dros ziandebian mxolod imis gamo, rom Rvedi ar hqon<strong>da</strong>T<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Werili? esec xom kontrolirebadi qcevaa. <strong>da</strong>zaral<strong>da</strong> imitom, rom sakuTari<br />
qceva ar akontrola. stigmasTan brZolis efeqturi meTodebi ar arsebobs. es<br />
Teoriaa. magram am TeoriaSic arsebobs ori ZiriTadi gza. erTi aris ganaTlebainformireba,<br />
meore _ gaZliereba. pirvel moments rom <strong>da</strong>vubrundeT, romelic exeba<br />
ganaTleba-informirebas, marto informaciis gavrceleba sakmarisi ar aris. es<br />
komunikaciis nawilia, orive elementi un<strong>da</strong> iyos, Tava<strong>da</strong>c un<strong>da</strong> miiRo informacia.<br />
magram mis miRebas motivacia sWirdeba. ratom aris <strong>da</strong>bali motivacia? imitom rom<br />
dRemde bevrs hgonia, rom mas ar exeba es <strong>da</strong> maTTvis es Tema aqtualuri ar aris.<br />
Zalian bevr a<strong>da</strong>mianTan gvimuSavia wlebis ganmavlobaSi, <strong>da</strong> SemiZlia giTxraT,<br />
rom Zalian xSirad vxvdebiT im faqts, rom SeiZleba wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
elaparako a<strong>da</strong>mians, magram rom kiTxav, mainc ver gipasuxebs, radgan ar ainteresebs.<br />
magram rogorc ki raRaca moxdeba mis gverdiT, mis axloblobaSi, an TviTon<br />
waawy<strong>da</strong> rames, <strong>da</strong>intereseba maSinve matulobs. es, me vityodi, zoga<strong>da</strong>d<br />
sazogadoebis problemaa, ar ifiqros winaswar <strong>da</strong> mxolod, rodesac faqtis winaSe<br />
aRmoCndeba, <strong>da</strong>iwyos fiqri ama Tu im sakiTxze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>vubrundebi isev Cvens magaliTebs. rodesac vsaubrobT, rom aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong>/<br />
<strong>Sidsi</strong>s Sesaxeb kanoni gvaqvs, me getyviT, rom manamdec arsebob<strong>da</strong> kanoni. am kanonze<br />
ori mizezis gamo <strong>da</strong>viwyeT muSaoba. pirveli iyo saerTaSoriso rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi, <strong>da</strong><br />
meore imitom, rom wina kanoni ar iyo iuridiulad gamarTuli <strong>da</strong> iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
radgan iuridiulad ar iyo gamarTuli, amis gamo misi aRsruleba arasrulfasovani<br />
iyo. SevecadeT, maqsimalurad <strong>da</strong>gvexvewa kanoni. magram erTi rame un<strong>da</strong> icodeT,<br />
idealur variantSi <strong>da</strong>avadebis Sesaxeb kanoni ar un<strong>da</strong> arsebobdes. es winga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli<br />
nabiji ki ara, arsebuli viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n gamosavlis Ziebaa. am kanoni<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
mere yvelas vekiTxebodi, hqon<strong>da</strong>T Tu ara kanoni. Svedebma gviTxres, gvaqvso, magram<br />
ra aqvT? 4 punqti gamomigzavnes. mniSvnelovania, rom roca raRaca sferos<br />
regulireba gin<strong>da</strong>, aucilebeli araa, rom kanoni <strong>da</strong>amato. jobia imis aRsrulebaze<br />
imuSao, rac ukve arsebobs. aiv-pozitiuri a<strong>da</strong>mianebis uflebebis kanonSi moxsenieba<br />
am jgufis stigmatizirebaa. ratom? ra un<strong>da</strong> CaweroT iseTi, rac saqarTvelos<br />
moqalaqis uflebebisgan gansxvavdeba? risi ufleba aqvs, swavlis? RmerTo Cemo,<br />
aqamde ar hqon<strong>da</strong>? muSaobis? hqon<strong>da</strong>! rom ar sruldeba, imis advokatireba un<strong>da</strong><br />
moxdes, rom es aRsruldes, <strong>da</strong> ara is, rom Semoitano axali kanoni, romelic<br />
aRsruldeba an ara.<br />
dResdReobiT qveyanaSi saxelmwifom Tavisi normatiuli dokumentiT,<br />
ministris brZanebiT, <strong>da</strong>uSva praqtikulad araanonimuri kvlevebi. mosaxleobisTvis<br />
anonimuri testireba dRes SeuZlebelia. Tu ar CavTvliT grantebs, romlebic<br />
droebiTia. samwuxarod, maSin, roca vimsjeleT, SegveZlo Cagvesva direqtiulad,<br />
rom saxelmwifom un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyos anonimuri testireba. magram ar gavakeTeT,<br />
11
SevarbileT es situacia, imitom rom Cven TviTon ar viqnebodiT pasuxismgeblebi<br />
Semdgom <strong>da</strong>finansebaze. swored is gax<strong>da</strong> iuridiulad gamosayenebeli punqti, <strong>da</strong> ver<br />
e<strong>da</strong>vebi, radgan <strong>da</strong>vwereT, rom `saxelmwifos aqvs ufleba testirebis, maT Soris<br />
anonimurad~. <strong>da</strong> es avtomaturad iqna gamoyenebuli. dRes gvaqvs is, rac gvaqvs.<br />
fasiania, anonimuroba ar aris, kidev kargi konfidencialoba arsebobs. amasac xazs<br />
vusvam, aucilebelia Tu ara msgavs kanonSi Cawero konfidencialobis Sesaxeb? ara.<br />
konfidencialobis Sesaxeb calke dokumenti arsebobs. mTlianad exeba yvelas.<br />
arsebobs iseTi kanoni, rogoricaa pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb, romelic ar ambobs<br />
aiv-pozitiuria, Tu araa aiv-pozitiuri. rodesac vsaubrobT diskriminaciaze,<br />
gasaazrebelia, yovelTvis ga<strong>da</strong>dis Tu ara stigma diskriminaciaSi. diskriminacia<br />
rom ganviTardes, saWiroa sazogadoebaSi Zalauflebis araTanabari ga<strong>da</strong>nawileba<br />
iyos. SeiZleba aiv-inficirebulma a<strong>da</strong>mianma moaxdinos samedicino muSakTa<br />
stigmatizacia. rogor? Tqvas, rom yvela eqimi cu<strong>da</strong>d epyroba aiv-inficirebuls,<br />
radgan saerTod ar icis es sakiTxi. es aris stigmatizacia, magram diskriminaciaSi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>dis? vera. aba piriqiT <strong>da</strong>vatrialoT. Tu eqimi stigmatizacias ukeTebs<br />
pacientis garkveul jgufs, mas SeuZlia ganaxorcielos diskriminacia imiTi, rom<br />
ar miawodos Sesabamisi servisi, romelic imas ise<strong>da</strong>c ekuTvnis.<br />
rodesac gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac amboben, rom eqimma ar Seasrula<br />
Tavisi saeqimo valdebuleba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>arRvia teqnikuri parametrebi, uari uTxra<br />
samedicino momsaxurebaze, gvaqvs dokumenti amis Sesaxeb? ratom un<strong>da</strong> gvqondes?<br />
gvaqvs kanoni pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb, kanoni saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong><br />
bolos, jan<strong>da</strong>cvis kanoni mTlianad qveynis, romelic aseT sakiTxebs aregulirebs.<br />
ar sruldeba? <strong>da</strong> vin ibrZvis misi aRsrulebisTvis? stigmatizaciam gamoiwvia sxva<br />
rame. TviTon is jgufi, visac exeba es sakiTxi, pasiuri gax<strong>da</strong>. am fonma SeiZleba<br />
gamoiwvios stigmatizaciis erTi forma, romelsac qvia TviTstigma, romlis<br />
aRmofxvra gacilebiT rTulia. es aris mdgomareoba, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>miani uaryofiTad<br />
miiCnevs im jgufs, romelsac TviTon ekuTvnis. madloba.<br />
gogi gvaxaria _ didi madloba. erTi kiTxva maqvs. ar SeiZleba am Temas<br />
gverdi avuaroT. es aris eklesiis <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba. sxvaTa Soris, es problema<br />
marto saqarTveloSi ar dgas. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c vici, axlaxans inglisSi mox<strong>da</strong> saSineli<br />
faqti, roca pastorma Tavis mrevls aukrZala mkurnaloba, ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c isini<br />
<strong>da</strong>iRupnen. iqneb TviTstigmas is iwvevs, rom am a<strong>da</strong>mianebs Tavi <strong>da</strong>mnaSaved <strong>da</strong><br />
codvilad miaCniaT?<br />
kaxaber kepulaZe _ ubralo magaliTs getyviT. Tumca ar miyvars am Temaze<br />
saubari, radgan Tavad im a<strong>da</strong>mianTa ricxvs mivekuTvnebi, vinc ar laparakobs imaze,<br />
risic eSinia. es iyo ramdenime wlis win, roca ga<strong>da</strong>vwyviteT, rom komerciuli<br />
seqsis muSaki qalbatonebis bavSvebi gagvenawilebina sacxovreblebSi, radgan maT<br />
mSobels ar hqon<strong>da</strong> maTi aRzrdis saSualeba. Zalian bevr <strong>da</strong>brkolebas wavawydiT<br />
maSin. bolos <strong>da</strong>vukavSirdiT sapatriaqos bavSvTa TavSesafrebs. TiTqos yvelaferi<br />
mogvar<strong>da</strong>, magram zustad 2 kviris molaparakebis Semdeg gamoitanes 2 axali piroba.<br />
pirveli, rom un<strong>da</strong> migvetana cnoba, rom bavSvi ar iyo aiv-inficirebuli, <strong>da</strong> meore,<br />
de<strong>da</strong>s ar eqnebo<strong>da</strong> bavSvis naxvis ufleba. amaze Sewy<strong>da</strong> yvelaferi, aRarc kvleva-<br />
Zieba gagvigrZelebia.<br />
gogi gvaxaria _ ratom ar giyvarT amaze lapraki. mTeli dRevandeli<br />
Sexvedris yvelaze mniSvnlovani ram TqviT.<br />
12
kaxaber kepulaZe _ xe<strong>da</strong>vT, rom vcdilob gverdze <strong>da</strong>vudge am a<strong>da</strong>minebs,<br />
magram mec im wlebis Svili var, roca saSinelebad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>Sidsi</strong>,<br />
homoseqsuali, qali, romelic quCaSi seqss yidis <strong>da</strong> miTumetes ineqciuri gziT<br />
momxmarebeli. me min<strong>da</strong> vTqva, rom stigma ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d 4 formiT vlindeba:<br />
kulturaluri, instituciuri, piradi <strong>da</strong> interpersonaluri. swored<br />
kulturaluri stigmis nawilia is, rom sazogadoebaSi arsebobs garkveuli xedva,<br />
romlis gamoc, garkveuli jgufi gamoyofilia <strong>da</strong> mas miewereba is niSnebi,<br />
romliTac is iqneba yovelTvis sxva <strong>da</strong>narCenisagan. bevri rame ganicdis cvlilebas,<br />
magram roca vsaubrobT eklesiis xedvaze, aq arc ki vici ra vTqva xolme, imitom<br />
rom raRac dogmatizebuli formaa, romelsac ar ici, ra <strong>da</strong> rogor un<strong>da</strong> umtkico.<br />
Tumca ver vityvi, rom yvela erTnairia, imitom rom am kulturalur nawilSic<br />
Segvxvedria a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebic gverdze <strong>da</strong>gvdgomian <strong>da</strong> ucdiaT swori<br />
mimarTuleba miecaT azrebis msvlelobisTvis. me<strong>da</strong>ls ori mxare aqvs.<br />
lia TavaZe _ CemTvis eklesia sazogadoebis nawilia <strong>da</strong> rogorc aris<br />
sazogadoebaSi, Zalian cotani arian isini, visac SeuZlia gverdiT dgoma, gageba,<br />
tolerantoba <strong>da</strong> ase Semdeg, aseve aris albaT eklesiaSic. amaSi absoluturad<br />
<strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var. Cvenzec bevria <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. visac gvaqvs urTierToba am<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebTan, viyoT ufro gulaxdilebi, velaparakoT am Temaze, oRond<br />
koreqtulad, eklesiaze Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmis gareSe. <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli var, eklesia aris<br />
anarekli im sazogadoebisa, rac gvaqvs.<br />
gogi gvaxaria _ rac batonma kaxam Tqva, es kriminalia, Tav<strong>da</strong>sxma ra SuaSia?<br />
kriminali un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>isajos. es xom kanonis <strong>da</strong>rRvevaa? rac ufro metad vityviT amas,<br />
miT ukeTesia, Torem gamodis, rom am stigmas Cven TviTon vuwyobT xels.<br />
lia TavaZe _ me Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmaSi sxva ram vigulisxme. erT Cems megobarTan<br />
polemika mqon<strong>da</strong> `facebook"-ze, sa<strong>da</strong>c saSineli komentari <strong>da</strong>wera mRvdelze,<br />
romelic nakurTxi wyliT raRacas ganwmend<strong>da</strong>. es aris saeklesio rituali. aseT<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>sxmebs vgulisxmob. dogma dogmaa <strong>da</strong> amaze polemika namdvilad ar aris<br />
saWiro. movTxovoT pasuxi koreqtulad.<br />
kaxaber kepulaZe _ erTs <strong>da</strong>vamateb. min<strong>da</strong> qalbaton lias gamovexmauro <strong>da</strong><br />
cota sxvanairad vTqva is, rac man Tqva. Cven xSirad vyofT saxelmwifos,<br />
sazogadoebasa <strong>da</strong> eklesias. ar arsebobs es <strong>da</strong>yofa. saxelmwifo aris instrumenti<br />
sazogadoebis xelSi. saxelmwifo yalibdeba ise, rogori SekveTacaa sazogadoebis<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n, tiraniaze ar vsaubrob. jer yalibdeba sazogadoeba <strong>da</strong> mere formirdeba is<br />
saxelmwifo, romliTac am sazogadoebam un<strong>da</strong> ifiqros momavalze. zogadi foni<br />
xels uwyobs am gamovlinebebs, ama Tu im nawili<strong>da</strong>n, iqneba es eklesia Tu<br />
calkeuli samTavrobo aqtebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
nino badriZe _ raRacas <strong>da</strong>vamateb eklesiis Sesaxeb. kaxas verafriT ver<br />
<strong>da</strong>veTanxmebi. <strong>da</strong>veTanxmebi imaSi, rom me<strong>da</strong>ls ori mxare aqvs. eklesiaSi arseboben<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, romlebsac gansxvavebuli xedva aqvT. SemiZlia mogiyvanoT magaliTi, rom<br />
aiv-inficirebulebi wasulan monasterSi <strong>da</strong> iq berebis <strong>da</strong> monazvnebis gverdiT<br />
ucxovriaT. maT icodnen rom aiv-inficirebulebTan hqon<strong>da</strong>T saqme, magram mxarSi<br />
amosdgomian <strong>da</strong> maTTvis TviTgvema, TviTstigma mouxsniaT.<br />
gogi gvaxaria _ institucia ar aris mxolod monasteri <strong>da</strong> berebi.<br />
13
nino badriZe _ ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, magram institucia xom pirovnebebisgan Sedgeba.<br />
gogi gvaxaria _ maSin xelisuflebas ratom vakritikebT? xelisuflebaSic<br />
arian kargebi, cudebi, saSualoebi, uniWoebi, Cven xom zoga<strong>da</strong>d instituciaze<br />
vsaubrobT? berebi sxvaTa Soris yvelaze kargi xalxia mag mxriv, yvelaze<br />
gulwrfelebi <strong>da</strong> gasagebia, rom gauges.<br />
lolita Sengelia _ batonma kaxam Tqva, rom rogorc ki eklesiam es ori<br />
piroba warmoadgina, egreve xeli Caiqnies. iqneba arc am xalxSi iyo informacia <strong>da</strong><br />
ar icodnen, rom aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong> ar ga<strong>da</strong>dis megobrobiT <strong>da</strong> ar iyo savaldebulo, rom<br />
maTi mSoblebisTvis aekrZalaT biologiuri Svilebis naxva. cota naadrevi xom ar<br />
iyo xelis Caqneva? xom ar ajobeb<strong>da</strong> informaciis gazrdis mizniT treningebi<br />
CagetarebinaT maTTvis? <strong>da</strong> meore sakiTxi: Tu aris <strong>da</strong>wyebuli raime saxis<br />
molaparakeba jan<strong>da</strong>cvis saministrosTan an sa<strong>da</strong>zRveo kompaniasTan, rom rogorme<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>zRvevo paketSi Caidos aRniSnuli riski. mesmis, rom saxelmwifo mTlianad<br />
afinansebs <strong>Sidsi</strong>s mkurnalobas, magram igive stomatologTan viziti ar aris iafi<br />
<strong>da</strong> yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomi.<br />
kaxaber kepulaZe _ ar miTqvams, rom xeli <strong>da</strong>vibaneT. vTqvi, rom sakiTxi<br />
Sewy<strong>da</strong>, radgan is saswrafo ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetas moiTxov<strong>da</strong>. Cven sxva mimarTulebas<br />
mivmarTeT. Torem Semdeg Sexvedrac iyo, konferenciac Catar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> treningebic.<br />
es saubari dRemde grZeldeba. ubralod is konkretuli Tema Sewy<strong>da</strong> maSin, radgan<br />
sxva mimarTuleba movZebneT.<br />
lia TavaZe _ kargi iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, jan<strong>da</strong>cvis saministro<strong>da</strong>n yofiliyo vinme.<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c CemTvis cnobilia, sa<strong>da</strong>zRvevo sistema saqarTveloSi jerjerobiT ar<br />
moicavs am pakets. stomatologis momsaxurebas araTu aiv-inficirebulisTvis,<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d sxva momxmareblebisTvisac naklebad afinansebs, Tumca gaaCnia pakets. me<br />
uaRresad xelmisawvdom programebs vgulisxmob. rac Seexeba ideas, is ukve devs<br />
axal strategiaSi, romelic gaeros mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT Seiqmna. 2011-2016 wlebis<br />
strategia Zalian saintereso dokumentia. iq ukve rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciis saxiT aris<br />
Cadebuli is, rom <strong>da</strong>iwyos muSaoba am mimarTulebiT. Cven imedi gvaqvs, rom<br />
momavalSi iqneba Zvrebi am kuTxiT.<br />
Tea cagareli _ me warmovadgen saqarTveloSi aiv-prevenciis proeqts,<br />
romlis farglebSic vatreningebT sasuliero pirebs aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong>/<strong>Sidsi</strong>s<br />
prevenciaze. min<strong>da</strong> giTxraT, rom maT elementaruli informacia ar hqon<strong>da</strong>T. isic ki<br />
ar icodnen, rogor ga<strong>da</strong>dis aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong>, ratom ar aris saSiSi maTTan saubari <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S. saboloo xelmowerili dokumenti jer ar arsebobs, magram winaswari<br />
molaparakebebis Sedegad <strong>Sidsi</strong>s prevencia <strong>da</strong> narkomaniis sakiTxebi ori leqciis<br />
saxiT Seva sasuliero akademiis studentebisTvis. amJamad vmuSaobT kurikulumze.<br />
eklesiaze vsaubrobT, magram pira<strong>da</strong>d CemTvis, bevrad meti kriminalia, rodesac<br />
samedicino personali ambobs uars am a<strong>da</strong>mianebis momsaxurebaze.<br />
beJan mSvidobaZe _ didi madloba biolis fonds am aqtualur Temaze<br />
debatebis gamarTvisTvis. ramdenime SekiTxva maqvs. mainteresebs, sisxlis gar<strong>da</strong><br />
kidev ra gziT ga<strong>da</strong>dis aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong>. Tu aris SesaZlebeli, rom pirvelad etapze<br />
aRmoaCinos <strong>da</strong>avadebulma, imunitetis <strong>da</strong>qveiTebamde, rom avad aris, an Tu gvian<br />
aRmoaCens, ramdeni weli SeiZleba man icocxlos saTanado mkurnalobis pirobebSi.<br />
14
aseve mainteresebs sisxlis, an romelime organis gamocvla Tu axangrZlivebs<br />
sicocxles. amave dros, xom ar fiqrobT, rom <strong>da</strong>sjadi iyos <strong>da</strong>avadebis <strong>da</strong>malva. an<br />
<strong>da</strong>avadebuli rom bavSvs aCens, amazec xom un<strong>da</strong> ifiqron winaswar. mainteresebs,<br />
ratom ar SeiZleba yvelas gamokvleva, rasTan aris es <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, finansebTan?<br />
an is Tu aris praqtikaSi, rom <strong>Sidsi</strong>T <strong>da</strong>avadebulma sikvdilze ki ara, karg saqmeze<br />
ifiqros <strong>da</strong> meti mobilizacia gaukeTos Tavs, rom sikvdilamde bevri kargi saqmis<br />
gakeTeba moaswros.<br />
nino badriZe _ Sevecdebi vupasuxo Tqvens kiTxvebs. mTeli sazogadoebis<br />
testireba ar aris saWiro. umjobesia mxolod is gamovikvlioT, visac hqon<strong>da</strong> riskqceva.<br />
<strong>infeqcia</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>ecema nebismieri saxis sqesobrivi kontaqtiT <strong>da</strong> sisxlis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>sxmiT an arasteriluri samedicino instrumentebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic<br />
<strong>da</strong>binZurebuli iyo aiv-inficirebulis sisxliT an sxva biologiuri siTxeebiT. amas<br />
jerjerobiT ar Svelis arc organoebis ga<strong>da</strong>nergva <strong>da</strong> arc sisxlis gamocvla. iyo<br />
mcdeloba, magram araefeqturi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. rac ufro adreul etapze aRmovaCenT<br />
<strong>da</strong>avadebas, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong> ukeTesia. Tu is manamde gamovavlineT, vidre a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />
Seuqcevadi <strong>da</strong>avadeba Camouyalibdeba, mkurnalobis fonze man SeiZleba Rrma<br />
moxucebulobas miaRwios.<br />
sofio benaSvili, saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelis aparati _ Zalian didi madloba am<br />
Temis wamowevisTvis. min<strong>da</strong> patara komentari gavakeTo. diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolis TvalsazrisiT Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs sasamarTlo praqtikas.<br />
saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs arc erTi saqme, romelic am sarCuliT iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
waRebuli sasamarTloSi. miran<strong>da</strong>m am sakiTxze isaubra. Cven vmuSaobT am Temaze. iyo<br />
gaxmaurebuli saqme, rodesac a<strong>da</strong>mianebs SromiT xelSekrulebaSi Caudes punqti imis<br />
Taobaze, rom Tu a<strong>da</strong>miani aiv-pozitiuri iyo, am Tanamdebobaze <strong>da</strong>saqmebis ufleba<br />
ar hqon<strong>da</strong>. rodesac am TemiT <strong>da</strong>vinteresdiT, aRmovaCineT, rom ar arsebob<strong>da</strong> is<br />
nusxa, romelic wlebis win un<strong>da</strong> SeemuSavebina saxelmwifos. bevri SeiZleba<br />
vilaparakoT Teoriulad diskriminaciasa <strong>da</strong> stigmaze, magram vidre ar gveqneba<br />
konkretuli magaliTebi, konkretul problemebze laparaki gagviWirdeba. amitom<br />
sakuTar Tavsac <strong>da</strong> sxva iuristebsac movuwodeb, rom am kuTxiT gaamaxvilon<br />
yuradReba. gmadlobT.<br />
nino badriZe _ sasamarTlo procesebi am TemasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT yofila <strong>da</strong><br />
samwuxarod, albaT kidev iqneba. amas imitom vambob, rom ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong> sjobs<br />
saerTod ar iyos. rac Seexeba iuridiul momsaxurebas, roca aiv-inficirebulisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gvWirvebia iuristi, axalgazr<strong>da</strong> iuristTa asociaciisTvis migvimarTavs <strong>da</strong> maT<br />
konsultacia gauweviaT <strong>da</strong> mxarSi amodgomian am a<strong>da</strong>mianebs. rac Seexeba profesiebis<br />
CamonaTvals, kanonqvemdebare aqtiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli, proeqti arsebobs,<br />
mxolod xelis moweraa saWiro. samwuxarod gaiwela misi legitimizacia.<br />
kaxaber kepulaZe _ am proeqtis ganxorcielebamde ZalaSia wina ministris<br />
brZaneba. es aris WipaSvilis droindeli dokumenti <strong>da</strong> SegiZliT mas gaecnoT.<br />
miran<strong>da</strong> axvlediani _ araviTari wina brZaneba ar arsebobs, imitom rom axali<br />
kanonis qolgis qveS un<strong>da</strong> gamosuliyo axali kanonqvemdebare aqtebi. gar<strong>da</strong>maval<br />
debulebebSi aRniSnulia, rom es un<strong>da</strong> momx<strong>da</strong>riyo axali kanonis ZalaSi Sesvli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
6 TveSi, magram mas Semdeg bevri weli gavi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
15
levan buTxuzi _ Zalian sainteresoa meTodologiuri mxare. vlaparakobT ra<br />
gakeT<strong>da</strong>, statistikac aCvenebs, rom marTlac aris winsvla, magram iqneb isic<br />
vTqvaT, rogor gakeT<strong>da</strong>. an im axali strategiis <strong>da</strong>nergvas rogor apirebT,<br />
romelmac bevri ram Secvala. wina strategia, Cemi STabeWdilebiT ufro<br />
ganaTlebaze iyo orientirebuli, es ufro agresiul Sesvlas gvTavazobs samizne<br />
jgufebTan urTierTobis kuTxiT. TavisTavad es ukve cvlis arasamTavrobo<br />
seqtoris prioritetebsac. Zalian saintereso axali veli iqmneba samuSaod.<br />
meToduri mxare yovelTvis moikoWlebs xolme prezentaciebis dros.<br />
nino badriZe _ rodesac 90-ian wlebSi <strong>da</strong>viwyeT amaze muSaoba, gzavnilebi<br />
plakatebi<strong>da</strong>n saocrad SemaSinebeli <strong>da</strong> agresiuli iyo. yvelaze agresiuli meTodi<br />
Cemi azriT is aris, rom rac SeiZleba meti aiv-inficirebulis gamovlena<br />
movaxerxoT rac SeiZleba adreul etapze. imitom rom es aris maTi janmrTelobis<br />
sawin<strong>da</strong>ri. rac ufro meti a<strong>da</strong>miani Caitarebs konsultirebas <strong>da</strong> testirebas, miT<br />
ufro meti iqneba informirebuli. samwuxarod, wels Semosuli cvlilebiT ID un<strong>da</strong><br />
warmoadginos a<strong>da</strong>mianma.<br />
levan buTxuzi _ konstitucia icvleba yovel wuTas. ramdenad SesaZlebelia<br />
lobireba gauwioT <strong>da</strong> SecvaloT es punqti.<br />
mzia tabataZe, USAID-is proeqtis aiv-politikis <strong>da</strong> advokatirebis eqsperti<br />
_ rodesac kanonSi raRac ar moswonT <strong>da</strong> miT umetes, rodesac saxelmwifos<br />
finansur valdebulebas vkidebT, is kanoni devs wlebis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc es<br />
mox<strong>da</strong> narkotikebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli kanonis SemTxvevaSi, romelic devs 2007<br />
wli<strong>da</strong>n. erT samwuxaro magaliTsac mogiyvebiT, riTac Cvenc SevuwyeT xeli<br />
diskriminacias. gvindo<strong>da</strong> partnioris Setyobineba gagvekeTebina mxolod<br />
`regularul~ sqesobriv partniorze _ `boifrend-gerlfrendze~ <strong>da</strong> meuRleze.<br />
imitom rom meuRle ar iyenebs kondoms Tavis meuRlesTan <strong>da</strong> ufleba aqvs icodes<br />
Tavisi partnioris aiv-pozitiobis statusi. rodesac parlamentSi mivediT,<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom regularuli partnioris ganmarteba Zalian Znelia <strong>da</strong> pir<strong>da</strong>pir<br />
Caweres `sqesobrivi partniori~. aman Cveni kanoni diskriminaciis wyarod ga<strong>da</strong>aqcia.<br />
gamodis, rom aiv-pozitiuri a<strong>da</strong>miani, viTom Cvens mier <strong>da</strong>werili kanoniT,<br />
valdebulia yvela Tavis sqesobriv partniors uTxras Tavisi statusi. amas Cven ar<br />
veTanxmebiT. rogorc ki miiRes kanoni, amogvigdes is mniSvnelovani sityva, romelic<br />
gvindo<strong>da</strong> yofiliyo kanonSi, vTqviT <strong>da</strong>gvewera werili <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gvewyo advokatireba<br />
cvlilebebis Setanaze. magram ise gamovi<strong>da</strong>, rom dRemde jer mxolod vfiqrobT.<br />
yvelam un<strong>da</strong> viaqtiuroT.<br />
rac Seexeba agresiul informirebas, skolebSi Cveni proeqtis farglebSi<br />
vaxorcielebT sapilote programas. magram gvikrZalaven iseTi sityvebis warmoTqmas,<br />
rogoric aris seqsi, kondomi. ganaTlebis saministro amayad gamoacxadebs, rom<br />
piloti Sedga <strong>da</strong> skolaSi cxovrebis jansaRi wesi inergeba.<br />
kvleva, romelic 2011 wels CavatareT Tbilisis skolebis maRal klasebSi,<br />
aCvenebs, rom gamokiTxulTa 25%-ma saerTod ar icis sityva aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong>, mxolod<br />
10% pasuxobs sworad xuT stan<strong>da</strong>rtul kiTxvas aiv-infeqciis ga<strong>da</strong>cemis Sesaxeb.<br />
imaze saSineli ra un<strong>da</strong> iyos, rom Tbilisis studenti axalgazrdoba ambobs, rom<br />
aiv-inficirebulebi diaxac izolirebulebi un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen, rom maTTan erTad ar<br />
imuSavebdnen, rom skolaSi ar un<strong>da</strong> imuSaos inficirebulma a<strong>da</strong>mianma <strong>da</strong> a.S. me<br />
mediasac <strong>da</strong>va<strong>da</strong>naSauleb. kargi, sazogadoebriv mauwyebelze gadis Cveni klipebi. ras<br />
16
akeTebs am dros ,,imedi~ an `rusTavi2~? is arxebi, romlebsac uyureben<br />
axalgazrdebi, CvenTvis ar aris gaxsnili.<br />
lia TavaZe _ Tqveni proeqtis ori sxdoma iyo. pirvelze ganaTlebis<br />
saministros im jgufma, romelTanac Tqveni proeqti muSaobs, gamoitana<br />
prezentaciisTvis es namuSevari, romlis wyalobiTac albaT saganmanaTleblo<br />
programebSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba e.w. jansaRi cxovrebis wesi. es procesi<br />
CemTvis absoluturad miuRebeli iyo, radgan iq realurad araferi iyo naxsenebi,<br />
rac <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia jansaRi cxovrebis wesTan. momix<strong>da</strong> mkacri toniT Semexsenebina<br />
yvelasTvis, rom saqarTveloSi miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom prevalentoba <strong>da</strong>balia, aris<br />
Zalian didi riskebi. imitom rom saqarTvelo samwuxarod Sedis im qveynebis siaSi,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c ganuxrelad izrdeba inficirebis gamovlenis ricxvi. Svidia aseTi qveyana<br />
msoflioSi <strong>da</strong> xuTi regionSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c ganuxrelad izrdeba inficirebulTa ricxvi.<br />
es aris ganpirobebuli imiT, rom aris uamravi barieri. iqmneba axali barierebi,<br />
magaliTad testirebis dros piradobis mowmobis moTxovna. aRarafers vambob imaze,<br />
rom narkomomxmareblebs urCevniaT <strong>da</strong>imalon, vidre is servisi miiRon, rac<br />
ekuTvniT. amis gamosworeba Cvenzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli.<br />
Zalian kargad maqvs gacnobierebuli, rom axla velaparakebi im xalxs,<br />
romelsac lamis kviraSi 2-3 jer vxe<strong>da</strong>v. cotaa a<strong>da</strong>miani, maT Soris Jurnalisti,<br />
romelic CemTvis axali auditoria iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. dRevandeli diskusia CvenTvis<br />
mokrZalebuli saSualeba iyo, migvewvdina xma im a<strong>da</strong>mianebmade, romlebsac ar aqvT<br />
informacia. magram mainc madlobeli yvelasi, vinc dRes movi<strong>da</strong> Cvens mosasmenad.<br />
eka WiTanava, Jurnali `liberali~ _ kiTxva maqvs terminologiasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, imitom rom vaxseneT jer <strong>`aiv</strong>-inficirebuli~, Semdeg <strong>`aiv</strong>-pizitivi~.<br />
sad SeiZleba swori terminologiis naxva? ra saitebzec Cven movipovebT<br />
informacias, im saitebze xSirad aris araswori terminologia, rogoricaa<br />
`intravenuri~ narkomania.<br />
nino badriZe _ intravenuri narkomania sxva raRacaa, <strong>da</strong> ineqciuri cota<br />
sxva. Tu moxvalT CvenTan centrSi, me SemiZlia mogceT aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong>sTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebul terminTa leqsikoni.<br />
eka WiTanava _ ki, magram ar jobia, es informacia veb-gverdze rom<br />
ganTavsdes? radgan veb-gverdi yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomia.<br />
mzia tabataZe _ guSin, Tqvens veb-gverdze wavawydiT termins `intravenuri<br />
narkomaniis~ wili. ar SeiZleba aseTi raRacebi, imitom rom CemTvis aiv-infeqciis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemis saxe asocirdeba saziaro Spricis CxvletasTan, anu ineqciasTan. <strong>da</strong><br />
dRevandeli narkotikis momxmareblebi SeiZleba venaSic ikeTebdnen, kanqveSac <strong>da</strong><br />
kunTSic. anu termini `intravenuri narkomani~ araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
gamoviyenoT, roca aiv-<strong>infeqcia</strong>ze vsaubrobT.<br />
ZalianYkargi informacia maqvs amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. Cvenma proeqtma <strong>da</strong>inaxa,<br />
rom Jurnalistebi Tavis<strong>da</strong>uneburad uSveben Secdomebs terminologiasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, amitom ga<strong>da</strong>vwyviteT gamogveca saxelmZRvanelo, sa<strong>da</strong>c weria ratom<br />
ar un<strong>da</strong> gamoviyenoT erTi termini <strong>da</strong> riTi un<strong>da</strong> CavanacvloT is. es<br />
saxelmZRvanelo axla gadis koreqtirebas, <strong>da</strong> dekemberSi an ianvarSi gamoicema. es<br />
saxelmZRvanelo aris specialurad JurnalistebisTvis, <strong>da</strong> imedi gvaqvs, rom<br />
Jurnalistebs Zalian gamoadgeba.<br />
17
kaxaber kepulaZe _ kargi praqtika iyo Tavis droze JurnalistTa jgufis<br />
Seqmna, rodesac erT Temaze aris mimarTuli saubari <strong>da</strong> nebismier Jurnalists<br />
SeuZlia movides, naxos <strong>da</strong> gaigos Tun<strong>da</strong>c is terminologia. Jurnalists SeuZlia<br />
<strong>da</strong>svas kiTxvebi <strong>da</strong> miiRos pasuxebi. me mgoni kargi iqnebo<strong>da</strong> am praqtikis aRdgena,<br />
gansakuTrebiT iseT Temaze, rogoricaa aivi.<br />
mzia tabataZe _ Tu SeiZleba Zalian mokled vityvi. Jurnalistebi am bolo<br />
xanebSi xSirad interesdebian, rom kviraSi erTxel mainc Tqvan rom <strong>Sidsi</strong>T vinme<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>icvala. es aris saSineli informacia. SokSi Camagdo bolo informaciam,<br />
romelSic eqimi Zalian <strong>da</strong>mwuxrebuli saxiT ambobs, rom 28 wlis qalbatoni<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>icvala zugdidSi aiv-SidsTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Tavis simsivniT.<br />
nino badriZe _ ramdenjer mosulan Jurnalistebi <strong>da</strong> uTxoviaT komentari<br />
aseT Temaze. uariT vistumreb, radgan ar SeiZleba. <strong>da</strong> vekiTxebi, ratom ar aSuqeben<br />
imas, rodesac sxva <strong>da</strong>avadebisgan kvdeba xalxi. magram mere garbian stacionarSi an<br />
sadme sxvagan <strong>da</strong> mainc iZieben informacias. TviTon Jurnalistis eTika un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
iseTi, rom aseTi rame ar ikadros. maTi pasuxia, rom an skan<strong>da</strong>luri Tema un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaaSuqon, an pozitivi, <strong>da</strong> radgan pozitivi aRar aris bevri, amitom cdiloben<br />
skan<strong>da</strong>luri Temis gaSuqebas. maTsave sityvebs vimeoreb.<br />
gogi gvaxaria _ <strong>da</strong>vasruloT diskusia. didi madloba.<br />
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