ekonomikuri reformebi.pdf - csrdg

# 118 biuleteni
tbrbsUwfmpt!flpopnjlvsj!sfgpsnfcjt!3121!xmjt!lvstj!
Tfjdwbmb!Uv!bsb!njnbsUvmfcb!wfrupsnb@
gia ZnelaZe
Sesavali
Zalze Zneli da dRevandeli gadmosaxedidan,
albaT aramadlieri amocanaa mTavrobis TiTqmis
yovelwliuri `axali~ ekonomikuri xedvebis, kursebisa
da reformebis Sefaseba. miT umetes, rodesac
qveynis ukiduresi politikuri da socialur-ekonomikuri
daZabulobis fonze sazogadoeba upiratesad
ara kritikas, aramed miukerZoebel analizsa
da ukeTesi perspeqtivisaken mimaval racionalur
gzebsa da konkretul rekomendaciebs saWiroebs.
amave dros nebismieri ukve `gatarebuli~ ekonomikuri
reformis Sefaseba Zalze iolia, radgan mas
gaaCnia raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi Sedegebi,
rac formalizebul Sefasebas eqvemdebareba. aqve ar
unda dagvaviwydes, rom es Sedegebi ar warmoadgens
arc mecnierul an politikur abstraqcias, aramed
realurad aisaxeba mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis
maCveneblebze (g.ZnelaZe „makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis
gavlenis analizi mosaxleobis cxovrebis
doneze – socialuri politikis warmarTvis safuZveli“,
sskgc-s biuleteni #102, 2007 weli). swored
am poziciaze dayrdnobiT gvsurs gavaanalizoT
saqarTvelos bolo drois ekonomikuri da socialuri
reformebis dRevandeli rezultatebi.
1. qarTuli Sromis bazris mimoxilva - dasaqmeba
garantirebul perspeqtivas gulisxmobs
CavTvaloT rogorc mocemuloba, rom:
a) globaluri ekonomikuri krizisi mimdin-
areobs da es saqarTvelos ekonomikaze calsaxad
uaryofiTad moqmedebs;
b) saqarTvelos mTavroba cdilobs gaaumjobe-
sos qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba – deklarirebulia
`ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da Rirsebis
aqti (kanoni)~ da `axali (ekonomikuri) kursi~;
g) Semodinebuli wminda investiciebi mizerulia,
magram amave dros kvlav vRebulobT ucxour
daxmarebebsa da kreditebs;
d) 2011-2013 wlebis biujetebis sagrZnobi
nawili sagareo valis dafarvas unda moxmardes;
e) aSkaraa orniSna mzardi inflacia da erovnu-
li valutac nel-nela ufasurdeba;
v) mosaxleobis saerTo cxovrebis done ecema.
Cven Tvalwinaa Semosavlebis kidev ufro mkveTri
socialuri diferenciacia;
z) mTavroba ar abarebs mosaxleobas angariSs
wina wlebSi gatarebul socialur-ekonomikur reformebze
da ar gaaCnia qveynis Semdgomi ekonomikuri
reformirebis mkafio kursi;
T) ekonomikaSi axal RonisZiebebs (`reformebs”)
aqvs spontanuri, usistemo xasiaTi.
investiciebi axal samuSao adgilebSi da umuSevroba
saqarTvelosaTvis gamoyofili ucxouri daxmarebebisa
da kreditebis umetesi wili xmardeba e.w.
infrastruqturul proeqtebs. mniSvnelovania am
sferoSi sabiujeto subsidiebis raodenobac. amas-
Tan dakavSirebiT bunebrivad ismis ori kiTxva:
- viTardeba Tu ara infrastruqturasTan erTad
TviT ZiriTadi struqturebi?
- ra ekonomikuri Sedegebi da efeqti moaqvs, an
unda moitanos am proeqtebma da rodis?
upirveles yovlisa, sainteresoa, Tu ra xdeba
am mimarTulebiT Sromis bazarze. moitana Tu
ara damatebiTma investiciebma axali samuSao adgilebi
da ra proporciebiTa da perspetivebiT? ra
tendenciebi SeimCneva umuSevrobis dinamikaSi da
riT aixsneba es? vis da ras Seexo mTavrobis mier
gamocxadebuli `qamrebis SemoWeris~ politika da
rogor aisaxa igi Sromis bazris struqturasa da
moculobaze? aris es saxelmwifo uwyebebis bolo
sakadro restruqturizacia, Tu saqme gvaqvs morig
eqsperimentTan? da sxva amgvari.
imisaTvis, rom Segveqmnas Semdegi msjelobis
raime konkretuli, formalizebuli safuZveli, Tvali
mivadevnoT ramdenime mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri
parametris paralelur dinamikas.
grafikze SeiZleba davakvirdeT erTob saintereso
tendenciebs. 2008-2010 wlebSi aSkaraa pirdapiri
ucxouri investiciebis Canacvleba saxelmwifo investiciebiT,
romlebic metwilad transformirebuli
ucxoeTidan Semosuli finansuri saxsrebia
(subsidiebi, daxmarebebi, kreditebi). es gasagebicaa,
gamomdinare globaluri ekonomikuri krizisidan
da omis Sedegebidan. magram aqve sainteresoa inves-
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# 118
biuleteni
umuSevrobisa da investiciebis maCveneblebi 2004-2010 w.w.
(saqstatis monacemebiT)
cxrili 1
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
ekonomikurad aqtiuri
mosaxleoba
2041,0 2023,9 2021,8 1965,3 1917,8 1991,8 -
(samuSao Zala), aTasi kaci
dasaqmebuli, aTasi kaci 1783,3 1744,6 1747,3 1704,3 1601,9 1656,1
umuSevari, aTasi kaci 257,6 279,3 274,5 261,0 315,8 335,6 323,6
umuSevrobis done,
procentebSi
12,6 13,8 13,6 13,3 16,5 16,9 16,3
saqarTveloSi
ganxorcielebuli
pirdapiri ucxouri
investiciebi (mln.dol.)
499,12 449,7 1190,4 2014,8 1564,0 759,1
~600
(ssf)
saxelmwifo investiciebi 465,96 535,21 572,72 872,45 930,53
grafiki 1
investiciebisa da umuSevrobis dinamika 2004-2010 w.w.
2500
2000
2014.8
1500
1564
1000
1190.4
872.45
930.53
500
465.96
535.21
572.72
759.1
600
0
274.5 261
315.8 335.6 323.6
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
pi rd. ucx. investiciebi(mln.dol) saxelmwifo investiciebi(mln.lari)
umuSevari, aTasi kaci
ticiebisa da umuSevrobis (an dasaqmebis) SedarebiTi
dinamika. Tuki grafiksa da Sesabamisad saqarTvelos
statistikis erovnul samsaxurs davujerebT, maT
Soris Zalze susti korelacia SeiniSneba. rasTan
gvaqvs saqme?
erTi SexedviT, rac ar unda paradoqsulad
mogveCvenos, investorebis Semosvlis Sedegad
samuSao adgilebis Semcireba msoflios sxva qveyneb-
Sic xdeba. es arc aris gasakviri, radgan investicias
ekonomikis realur seqtorSi `Tan mohyveba~ axali
teqnologiebi, avtomatizacia da kompiuterizacia,
rac TavisTavad gulisxmobs xelisa da sxva `martivi~
SromiT dakavebulTa gamoTavisuflebas. amas Tan
erTvis mdidari da Raribi fenebis Semosavlebs Soris
zRvris mkveTri zrda. amas adasturebs gaeros
mier Catarebuli specialuri gamokvlevebi meqsikis
magaliTze.
umuSevroba mxolod saqarTveloSi ar
aris;saqarTvelos problema is aris, rom umuSevrobis
masStabebiT Cveni qveyana bevri qveynis analogiur
maCveneblebs aRemateba. umuSevrobis done
saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 17%-ia, evrokavSirSi ki
umuSevrobis saSualo done 10%-mdea. holandiaSi es
maCvenebeli 4,4%-iT ganisazRvreba. evrokavSiris 27
qveynidan saqarTveloze maRali umuSevrobis done
aris espaneTSi - 20% da baltiispireTis qveynebSi
-17.8%.
statistikis erovnul samsaxurs dasaqmebis
Sesaxeb bolo monacemebi jer srulad ar gamouqveynebia.
2010 wlis pirveli kvartlis monacemebiT,
biznesseqtorSi dasaqmebulTa ricxvi wina wlis
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# 118 biuleteni
Sesabamis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT7%-iT Semcirda.
meore kvartalSi biznesseqtorSi dasaqmeba pirvel
kvartalTan SedarebiT gaizarda, Tumca es niSnuli
2009 wlis wliur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT mainc naklebia.
biznesseqtorSi umuSevrobis maCvenebeli wina
welTan SedarebiT gauaresda. 2009 welTan SedarebiT
saSualod 6%-iT Semcirda saSualo sawarmoebSi
dasaqmebulTa ricxvi. msxvil da mcire sawarmoebSi
dasaqmebulTa monacemisgan gansxvavebiT, saSualo
sawarmoebSi dasaqmebulTa maCvenebeli klebadi tendenciiT
xasiaTdeba.
saqarTveloSi dasaqmebulTa 63% TviTdasaqmebulia,
37% - daqiravebiT dasaqmebuli. TviTdasaqmebulTa
4/5 soflis meurneobis seqtorze modis,
romelSic Sromis mwarmoebluroba ekonomikis sxva
dargebTan SedarebiT daaxloebiT 5-jer dabalia.
2003 wlis Semdeg soflis meurneobaSi warmoeba 15%-
iT Semcirda, ekonomikis danarCen dargebSi ki saSualod
40 %-iT gaizarda.
ramdenad didia dasaqmebis bazarze faseuloba-
Ta gadafasebis msxverplTa ricxvi da romeli profesiebia
dRes moTxovnadi? am kiTxvebze pasuxi im
martivi mizezis gamo ar arsebobs, rom Sesabamisi
kvleva saqarTveloSi aravis Cautarebia.
ganaTlebis diversificirebuli struqturis
detaluri Seswavla Sromis bazris prognozirebis
SesaZleblobas iZleva. am gziT SeiZleba gaarkvio,
romeli profesiebi gWirdeba, ra aris moTxovnadi
da ra SeiZleba dasWirdes Cvens ekonomikas momavalSi.
es monacemebi ki gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategiaSi. es Zalze gamosadegi
iqneba dasaqmebis prognozirebisTvis.
saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
samuSao Zalis statistikas yovelkvartalurad
aqveynebs: am mizniT 6,700 Sinameurneobis 15
wlis da ufrosi asakis wevrebis gamokiTxvas awarmoebs.
qveynis specifikidan gamomdinare, gaerosa da
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis rekomendaciebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, zeda asakobrivi zRvari ar aris
dawesebuli, radgan sapensio asakis mosaxleobis
ekonomikuri aqtivoba sakmaod maRalia.
sapensio asakis mosaxleobis mier samuSaos Zebna
ki im martivi mizeziT aixsneba, rom saqarTveloSi
pensiis odenoba saarsebo minimumze naklebia. saSualo
momxmareblis saarsebo minimumi, oqtombris
Tvis monacemebiT, 128,9 laria. pensiis odenoba ki,
saSualod, 85 lars Seadgens.
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis kriteriumebis
mixedviT, dasaqmebulad miiCneva yvela,
vinc gamokvlevis wina 7 dRis ganmavlobaSi Tundac
1 saaTiT iyo dakavebuli fuladi an naturaluri
anazRaurebis misaRebad. amave organizaciis kriteriumebiT,
umuSevrad miiCnevian isini, vinc gamokiTxvis
wina 7 dRis periodSi 1 saaTiTac ar muSaobda,
Tumca aqtiurad eZebda samuSaos. vinc ar muSaobs da
arc eZebs samuSaos, umuSevrad ar miiCneva.
calke kategoriaa friqciuli, anu faruli
umuSevroba - rodesac adamiani arasruli samuSao
droiT aris dasaqmebuli an dasaqmebulia da aqtiurad
eZebs samuSaos.
statistikis monacemebi Sromis saerTaSoriso
organizaciis kriteriumebiT dgindeba, magram es
umuSevrobis kvlevis mxolod pirveli safexuris
monacemebia. Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis
dadgenili umuSevrobis gamovlenis kriteriumi myisierad
ar reagirebs mcired ryevebze. dasaqmebulad
miiCneva yvela, vinc erTi saaTi mainc imuSava
kvlevis Catarebis wina kviraSi, Tundac sakuTar nakveTze.
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia statistikis
samsaxurebs umuSevrobis donis dawvrilebiT
gamokvlevasac avalebs. igulisxmeba umuSevrobis
gansazRvra rogorc mkacri, ise Serbilebuli kriteriumebiT
da aseve misi struqtuireba.
ekonomikuri zrda yovelTvis ar niSnavs
dasaqmebis zrdas
statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT,
2010 wlis I kvartalSi, saqarTvelos mTliani Sida
produqtis realuri zrda 4,5%-s utoldeba. 2010
wlis I kvartalSi saqarTvelos ekonomikis yvelaze
swrafad mzard dargebs Sorisaa damamuSavebeli
mrewveloba, romlis realuri zrdis maCvenebeli
24,4%-s Seadgens, satransporto momsaxureba –
15,1%, samTomopovebiTi mrewveloba – 12%, vaWroba,
avtomobilebis, sayofacxovrebo nawarmisa da piradi
sargeblobis sagnebis remonti – 11,7%, sastumroebi
da restornebi – 11%, operaciebi uZravi qonebiT,
ijara da momxmareblisaTvis momsaxurebis
gaweva – 10,6%, sxva komunaluri, socialuri da
personaluri momsaxurebis gaweva – 10,2% da a.S.
am monacemebis miuxedavad, qveyanaSi umuSevrobis
done kvlav maRalia, es mniSvnelovanwilad aris
ganpirobebuli mwarmoeblurobis dabali doniT,
muSaxelis ZiriTadad dabalSemosavliani soflis
meurneobis seqtorSi ganawilebiTa da TviTdasaqmebis
maRali procentuli maCvenebliT.
dargebi, romlebSic dasaqmebis moculoba
didia, naklebad viTardeba. ganviTarebis
process erTi magiuri cifri ver daaxasiaTebs,
miT umetes, roca saqme gvaqvs sazogadoebis,
saxelmwifos ganviTarebis procesTan.
ekonomikuri zrda damokidebulia im damatebul
Rirebulebaze, romelic iqmneba ama Tu im dargSi.
statistikuri monacemebiT ki, saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri
zrdis 80% im dargebze modis, romlebSic
dasaqmebulTa raodenoba 20%-s ar aRemateba. ekonomikuri
zrda ar SeiniSneba soflis meurneobis seqtorSi,
dasaqmebulTa didi nawili ki swored am
dargSia. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa mTlian mSp-
Si soflis meurneobis xvedriTi wilisa da sofelSi
umuSevrobis dinamikebis Sedareba (ix. grafiki 2),
romelSic naTlad Cans, rom wilis vardnas Tan sdevs
soflis umuSevrobis zrda.
evrokavSirSi samewarmeo seqtorSi mTliani Sida
produqtis 60-65%-s mcire biznesi qmnis, 35-40%-s _
msxvili biznesi. saqarTveloSi ki piriqiT aris: 2003
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# 118
biuleteni
wels saSualo da mcire biznesze biznesseqtorSi Seqmnili
mTliani Sida produqtis 24% modioda, dRes
es maCvenebeli kidev ufro mcirea da 15%-s Seadgens.
msxvili biznesis wili ki biznesis seqtorSi
Seqmnili mTliani Sida produqtis 85%-s Seadgens.
meore kvartlis monacemebiT.
dasaqmebulTa saerTo raodenobidan, amave wyaros
mixedviT, umetesoba, 58,7%, mamakacia, xolo
41,3% _ qali.
saqarTveloSi dasaqmebulebis yvelaze didi
mTlian mSp-Si soflis meurneobis wili
da umuSevroba sofelSi
(saqstatis monacemebiT)
raodenoba msxvil sawarmoebze modis. Semdeg modis
mcire sawarmoebi, romlebSic dasaqmebulTa mTliani
raodenobis 21,6% muSaobs, xolo mesame adgilze sa-
Sualo sawarmoebSi momuSave adamianebia.
saSualo Tviuri xelfasi, saqstatis informaciiT,
biznesseqtorSi mamakacebisTvis 600 laria,
xolo qalebisTvis _ 437 lari.
ufro konkretulad ki, saqarTvelos msxvil
sawarmoebSi saSualo xelfasi 700 larze metia, sa-
SualoSi – 400-ze meti, xolo mcire sawarmoebSi –
300-ze meti.
dasaqmebulTa mTlian raodenobaSi dominanti
vaWrobis sferoa, aseve avtomobilebis, sayofacxovrebo
nivTebis remonti; Semdeg modis damamuSavebeli
mrewveloba. mesame adgilzea janmrTelobisa
da socialuri daxmarebis sfero, momdevno or adgils
ki transporti da mSenebloba ikavebs.
janmrTelobis dacvisa da socialuri daxmarebis
sferoSi momuSave adamianebis umravlesoba qalia,
xolo damamuSavebel mrewvelobaSi momuSaveebi
ki mamrobiTi sqesisani arian.
saqarTveloSi momuSave adamianebis naxevarze
meti, 58,9%, Tbilisze modis. meore adgilze imereTia,
dasaqmebulTa saerTo raodenobis 9.4%-iT,
aWara 0,1%-iT CamorCeba qvemo qarTls da regionSi
saqarTveloSi momuSaveTa 7.6% iTavsebs.
statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, romelmac biznesseqtoris
2010 wlis meore kvartlis kvleva gamografiki
2
16
14
sof.meurn.wili mSp-Si
umuSevroba sofelSi
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
dasaqmebis zrdas msxvil biznesze metad xels mcire da
saSualo biznesis ganviTareba uwyobs. Tu aris, magaliTad,
erTi milioni laris investiciis SesaZlebloba,
am Tanxis wvril da saSualo biznesSi investireba ufro
met samuSao adgils qmnis, vidre misi msxvil biznesSi
investireba. soflis meurneobis seqtorSi bolo 4
wlis ganmavlobaSi ucxouri investiciebis moculoba
40-45 milion aSS dolars ar aRemateba maSin, roca
investiciebi uZravi qonebis SeZenaSi 15-jer maRalia.
saqarTveloSi dRes arsebobs rogorc samuSaos dakargvis
didi albaToba, ise axali samuSao adgilis
Sovnis dabali perspeqtiva, rac sabolood uaryofiTad
aisaxeba qarTul Sromis bazarze. grZelvadiani umuSevroba
ki yvelaze saxifaTo movlenaa qveynisaTvis,
xangrZlivi umuSevrobis Sedegad adamianebi kargaven
kvalifikacias da maTTvis naklebad xelmisawvdomi
xdeba informacia samuSao adgilebis Sesaxeb. es ki,
Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs siRaribis zrdasa da socialur
izolacias. am „safrTxis“ niSnebi ki statistikis
erovnuli samsaxuris cifrebSic ikiTxeba: 2004
wlidan 2009 wlamde ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba,
anu samuSao Zala, saSualod, 2%-iT Semcirda.
Sromis bazris analizi – dasrulda Tu ara
struqturuli reorganizacia
4 milion 400 aTasi adamianisgan, romelic
saqarTveloSi cxovrobs, 371 aTas 341 adamiani biznesseqtorSia
dasaqmebuli, saqstatis 2010 wlis
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# 118 biuleteni
aqveyna, arsebuli dokumentis SeniSvnaSi uTiTebs,
rom kvlevaSi ar iyo CarTuli sacalo vaWroba bazrebsa
da bazrobebze.
kvleva ar moicavs arafinansur seqtors.
statistikis erovnul samsaxurSi netgazeTs ganumartes,
rom kvlevaSi ar aris aRricxuli sabanko,
sadazRvevo seqtori, saxelmwifo mmarTvelobisa da
Sidameurneobis seqtorebi.
dasaqmeba da umuSevroba metad aqtualuria.
adamianebs aqvT ojaxebi, survilebi da, rasakvirvelia,
moTxovnilebebi. swored es aris erT-erTi faqtori,
rom yoveli Cvengani zrunavs samuSao adgilebis
raodenobasa da xarisxze. ramdenad samarTlianad
gviwevs kuTvnili xelfasis miReba da imiT Tvidan
Tvemde Tavis gatana, es kidev sxva sakiTxia. samwuxaro
realobaa, rom cxovrebis mTavar miznad gveqca
Cveni uflebebis, samsaxurisa da anazRaurebisTvis
brZola. swored aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom umu-
Sevrobis done centraluri socialuri problemaa,
xolo Sromis bazari ki _ socialuri konfliqtebisa
da politikur mRelvarebaTa wyaro.
TvalsaCinoebisaTvis, mosaxleobam rom kargad
gaigos, ras niSnavs saxelmwifosTvis dasaqmebuli da
umuSevari, ganvmartoT TiToeuli maTgani.
aSS-Si dasaqmebuli – 16 welze meti asakis
pirebi arian, romlebmac wina kviris udidesi nawili
gaatares samsaxurSi, iRebdnen xelfass, hqondaT
sakuTari biznesi an imuSaves uxelfasod ojaxis
wevris sawarmoSi. aqve iTvleba SvebulebaSi myofi
an avadmyofi, magram samuSaos mqone adamianebi.
aSS-Si umuSevari – 16 welze meti asakis pirebi
arian, romelTac SeeZloT muSaoba, scades muSaobis
dawyeba gasuli 4 kviris ganmavlobaSi, magram uSedegod.
am kategorias ganekuTvnebian agreTve is adamianebi,
romlebic droebiT daiTxoves da samsaxuris
dawyebis molodinSi arian.
aSS-Si arseboben agreTve samuSao Zalas armikuTvnebuli
– 16 welze meti asakis pirebi, romlebic
arc erT am kategorias ar ganekuTvnebian.
eseni arian: studentebi, pensionerebi da agreTve
diasaxlisebi.
samuSao Zalis zogierT bazarze arsebuli samuSao
adgilebis raodenoba sakmarisi ar aris yvela
msurvelis dasakmayofileblad.
struqturuli umuSevroba _ es iseTi umuSevrobaa,
romelsac zogierT bazarze warmoSobs samuSao
adgilebis simcire samuSaos maZiebel raodenobasTan
SedarebiT. struqturuli umuSevrobis
dros xelfasi wonasworul doneze maRalia, ris
gamoc samuSao Zalis miwodeba moTxovnas aWarbebs.
arsebobs agreTve friqciuli umuSevroba, rodesac
adamianebi eZeben samuSaos TavianTi unarisa da
gemovnebis Sesabamisad. dasaqmebulebi ufro efeqtianad
moqmedeben, Tu maTi xelfasi wonasworul
doneze metia. maRali xelfasi mSromelis janmrTelobasa
da maT mwarmoeblurobis amaRlebas uzrunvelyofs.
arc ise mosawoni da saamayoa, rom Suaxnis adamiani
Tanxmdeba dabali kvalifikaciisa da statusis
samuSaos mxolod im mizeziT, rom man sxva samsaxuri
ver iSova, Tumca mas, SesaZloa, Sesabamisi
ganaTlebis damadasturebeli diplomic da saTanado
gamocdilebac hqondes. ubralod samsaxurSi ar iReben
im martivi mizezis gamo, rom an asaki ar uwyobs
xels da an kompiuters ver flobs saTanadod.
am bolo periodSi medicinis muSakebsac SeeqmnaT
samuSaos problemebi. warmodgenisaTvis
isic sakmarisia, rom rkinigzis saavadmyofoSi,
romelSic amJamad rekonstruqcia mimdinareobs,
Tavi unda moiyaros erTad ramdenime saavadmyofom.
amdeni xalxi, romelic aqamde calkeul saavadmyofoSi
muSaobda, albaT ganTavisufldeba.
gavixsenoT „studenturi dasaqmebis programa“,
romelsac Tbilisis meria yvelaze warmatebul da
popularul proeqtad miiCnevs. maTi azriT, axalgazrda
TaobaSi Sromis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba da
maTi sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi CarTva dedaqalaqis
mTavrobis erT-erTi prioritetia. iqneb ufro
win gadadgmuli nabiji iqneboda, Tu am studentebs
TavianTi profesiebis mixedviT gaanawilebdnen
saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi an kerZo firmebSi samuSao
gamocdilebis asamaRleblad da ara baRebisa
da skverebis dasalageblad? amisaTvis xom isedac
Seqmnilia dasufTavebis samsaxuri?
yvelas kargad gvaxsovs dasaqmebis saxelmwifos
mier dafinansebuli programa, romelic 2006 wels
daiwyo. es iyo tradiciuli saxelmwifo programa,
romelsac safuZvlad edo mosaxleobisaTvis fuladi
daxmareba da igi grZelvadian gaTvlas ar eyrdnoboda.
programis mTavari mizani unda yofiliyo
muSaxelis profesiuli gadamzadeba, kvalifikaciis
amaRleba da programis dasrulebis Semdeg saukeTeso
muSaxelis dasaqmeba ukve xangrZlivi periodiT.
programis pirvel etapze TiTo kacze TveSi 150 lari
gaica xelfasis saxiT, xolo meore etapze Tanxa
gaizarda da 200 lari Seadgina. pirveli TvisTvis
misaRebi Tanxa winaswar gaica. arc erT programis
monawiles ar moeTxoveboda ganaTlebis an profesiuli
gamocdilebis miTiTeba, sakmarisi iyo mxolod
piradobis damadasturebeli mowmoba. sam TveSi es
programa dasrulda da mxolod mcire nawilma miiRo
sakmarisi kvalifikacia da saTanadod dasaqmda.
am programas Zalze laTenturi kavSiri hqonda
dasaqmebis problemis mogvarebasTan.
saerTod, saxelmwifos dasaqmebis swori politika
ZiriTadad friqciuli umuSevrobis Semcirebisken
unda iyos mimarTuli. unda Seiqmnas profesiuli
gadamzadebis saxelmwifo programebi: ekonomikis
depresiuli dargebidan gamoTavisuflebuli
muSaxelisTvis, programebi axalgazrdebisa da qalbatonebisTvis.
socialuri politikis gadmosaxedidan saxelmwifos
keTildReobis arsebobis mniSvnelovani pirobebia:
saxelmwifo pensiebi, ubeduri SemTxvevebisa
da umuSevrobisgan dazRveva, materialuri da
socialuri daxmarebebi upatrono da usaxlkaro moqalaqeebisaTvis.
imisaTvis, rom saqarTveloSi umuSevrobam ik-
6

# 118
biuleteni
los, xelisuflebam ufro aqtiurad unda ganaxorcielos
cvlilebebi. upirvelesad ki unda ifiqros
gadasaxadebis Semcirebaze, biznesis zewolisgan
dacvaze, sasamarTlo sistemis gaZliereba-gafiltvraze,
sakuTrebis uflebebis dacvasa da, rac mTavaria,
samuSao adgilebis Seqmnaze.
2. visTvis da risTvis xdeba sabiujeto -
sagadasaxado cvlilebebi
2010 wels saxelmwifo biujetSi Semosulobebis
moculoba 7088.3 milioni lariT ganisazRvra.
am Tanxis daaxloebiT 76%, anu 5363,6 milioni lari
Semosavlebze modis, romelSic, Tavis mxriv, sagadasaxado
Semosavlebs uWiravs didi nawili. kerZod,
gadasaxadebiT wels saxelmwifo biujetSi 4552 milioni
lari Sevida, rac mTliani Semosavlebis 84%-
ia (ix. cxrili 3). 2011 wlisTvis gadasaxadebis wili
mTlian SemosavlebSi daaxloebiT 88%-is donezea
gaTvaliswinebuli. biujetSi sagadasaxado Semosavlebis
naxevarze meti dRg-ze modis. aRniSnuli gadasaxadis
gadamxdelebis mier 2010 wels biujetSi
gadaxdili iqna 2196 milioni lari.
sagadasaxado SemosavlebSi wilis mixedviT
dRg-s Semdeg modis saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, romelic
mTliani moculobis 25%-s Seadgens da 1141,0
milioni lariT ganisazRvreba.
Semdeg modis aqcizis gadasaxadi 574 milioni
lariT, mas mosdevs mogebis gadasaxadi 515,5 milioni
lariT.
2010 wels sabaJo gadasaxadebidan mobilizebuli
Tanxa 70,5 milions Seadgens. sxva gadasaxadebze
55 milioni lari modis.
2006 welTan SedarebiT sagadasaxado Semosavlebis
moculoba mimdinare wels gaormagebulia.
2008-2009 wlebSi sagadasaxado Semosavlebis mcire
klebis Semdeg, 2010 wlis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis
moculoba rekordulia.
2011 wlis qveynis mTavari safinanso dokumentis
mixedviT sagadasaxado Semosavlebis moculoba
16,4%-iT, anu 748 milioni lariT izrdeba.
rogorc wesi, es faqti ekonomikis zrdaze unda
miuTiTebdes. asec xdeba, magram aRniSnuli cifri
ar aris qarTuli ekonomikis zrdis prognozebis Sesabamisi.
yvelaze optimisturi SefasebiT, romelsac
xelisufleba akeTebs, 2011 wels ekonomikuri
zrda 7%-is farglebSi iqneba. am mosazrebas ar
iziarebs evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis
banki. maTi SefasebiT am cifris dasaxeleba am
etapze Znelia, radgan gaurkvevelia pirdapiri ucxouri
investiciebis moculoba. banki miiCnevs, rom
saqarTvelos mTavari gamowveva 2011 wels ucxouri
investiciebi iqneba da ZiriTadad swored
am faqtoriT Sefasdeba ganviTarebis tempebi. am
mimarTulebiTK ki sakmaod bundovani viTarebaa.
amdenad, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi qveynis mTavroba
ekonomikis 7%-ian zrdas elodeba, xolo
momavali wlis biujetSi gadasaxadebidan miRebuli
Semosavlebi 16,4%-iT izrdeba. aseTi `fiskaluri optimizmi~
sxvadasxva uaryofiTi ekonomikuri procesis
saTave SeiZleba gaxdes da erT-erTi maT Soris
aris inflaciis kidev ufro mzardi tempi.
sagadasaxado Semosavlebis donis zrdis gadameteba
ekonomikuri zrdis tempebze niSnavs,
rom mTavroba biznesidan ufro met fuls amoi-
Rebs da es ar iqneba gamowveuli biznesis seqtoris
zrdiT. es, bunebrivia, biznesze wnexis zrdas
niSnavs, radgan adgili eqneba amoRebuli fuladi
saxsrebis Seusabamobas realur saqonelTan.
Sedegad gamodis, rom gadasaxadebis amoReba ar
moxdeba biznesis gafarToebidan da gazrdili
brunvidan. mTavrobas gadasaxadebiTLmobilizebuli
Tanxebi, rogorc viciT, xarjebis gasawevad esaWiroeba.
saqme isaa, rom Tanxa, romelic bizness SeiZleba
sabanko depozitze hqondes ganTavsebuli, miedineba
biujetSi, sagadasaxado Semosavlebis nawilSi, saidanac
Semdgom moxdeba misi xarjva. anu mimoqcevaSi
gaeSveba biznesidan damatebiT amoRebuli Tanxebi.
es pirdapir kavSirSia inflaciur procesebTan, zemoT
dasaxelebuli mizezebis gamo mimdinare weli
sakmaod savalalod mTavrdeba da arc momavali wlis
dasawyisisTvis keTdeba damaimedebeli prognozebi.
mokled rom vTqvaT, im fuls, romliTac biznessubieqtebs
SesaZlebloba eqnebodaT realurad
saxsrebi saqonlis Seqmnisken miemarTaT, amiT inflaciuri
procesebi moeTokaT da misi ganviTarebisTvis
xeli SeeSalaT, mTavroba biznesidan iRebs da
ekonomikaSi uSvebs.
inflacia swored fulis masasa da saqonels Soris
disbalansia. mTavrobis am nabijiT ki es balansi
kidev ufro irRveva. sxva kuTxiT rom mivudgeT, am
nabijiT xdeba ara ekonomikuri zrdis waxaliseba,
aramed misi daTrgunva, radgan sagadasaxado tvir-
Tis zrda ekonomikuri zrdis tempebs faqtobrivad
3-jer aRemateba.
dRes saqarTveloSi, erT-erT aqtualur Temas
2011 wlis biujeti warmoadgens, romelic gasul
welTan SedarebiT, 30 milioni lariT naklebia da
xarjebis moculoba 6 miliard 960 milioni laris
tol niSnuliTaa gansazRvruli. miuxedavad biujetis
Semcirebisa, xelisufleba optimisturadaa
ganwyobili da momaval wels ekonomikis mniSvnelovan
zrdas prognozirebs. mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadebiT,
es maCvenebeli 7-8%-is farglebSi iqneba, 2011
wlis biujetis proeqtis mixedviT ki _ 4,5%. donori
qveynebidan misaRebi Tanxebis Semcirebis fonze,
mTavrobam ekonomikur zrdasTan dakavSirebuli
gancxadebebis gasamarTleblad da Sesasruleblad
biujetSi administraciuli jarimebidan Semosuli
Tanxebis moculoba, mimdinare welTan SedarebiT,
8.5%-iT, 90 mln laramde gazarda. ra Tqma unda,
es faqtori biujetSi gadasaxadebidan misaRebi Semosavlebis
erT-erTi nawilia.
2011 wlis biujetSi administraciuli jarimebidan
Sesuli Tanxebis moculobis zrdas saxelisuflebo
wreSi Tavisebur ganmartebas uZebnian.
`ekonomikuri zrdidan gamomdinare moimatebs Sesamowmebeli
baza da danaSaulebebis ricxvi, Sesabamis-
7

# 118 biuleteni
cxrili 2
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis ZiriTadi maCveneblebi (mln. lari)
(saqstatisa da sebi-is monacemebiT)
dasaxeleba 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Semosavlebi 802,7 933,3 1 732,9 2 213,0 3 293,3 4 293,6 5 517,7 4 917,0 5 363,6 5 955,8
gadasaxadebi 567,90 602,30 975,30 1407,30 2130,3 3010,50 4541,55 4161,8 4552 5300
socialuri
Senatanebi
154,8 222,7 402,2 428,8 502,8 722,1 - -
grantebi 22,6 48,4 160,1 104,5 194,0 208,6 617,2 387,7 464,6 355,8
sxva
Semosavlebi
57,4 59,9 195,3 272,4 466,2 352,4 359,0 367,5
xarjebi 839,7 915,6 1 432,2 2 012,7 2 669,4 3 890,0 5 554,7 5 367,2
Sromis
anazRaureba
saqoneli da
momsaxureba
93,9 131,5 233,0 336,7 451,5 603,5 913,1 941,6
183,1 169,3 319,2 420,2 678,5 1 483,8 1 508,8 879,9
procenti 146,7 168,5 142,4 120,1 100,5 97,4 119,3 167,2
subsidiebi 92,0 57,0 112,7 421,5 419,0 267,3 362,5 447,3
grantebi 65,1 69,8 128,2 181,4 222,7 197,3 858,9 861,2
socialuri
uzrunvelyofa
258,9 319,5 480,5 466,0 597,2 892,5 1 286,1 1 419,9
sxva xarjebi 0,0 0,0 16,2 66,8 200,0 348,2 506,1 650,1
maT Soris:
saSinao vali 1 520,3 1 567,9 1 575,8 1 535,3 1 510,9 1 489,9 1 458,9 1 693,2
sagareo vali 3 323,0 3 040,1 2 730,8 2 540,8 2 344,5 2 429,7 3 694,7 4 532,0
7,000.0
grafiki 3
saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi (mln. lari)
6,000.0
5,517.7
5,363.60
5,955.80
5,000.0
4,293.6
4541.55
4,917.0
5300.00
4,000.0
3,293.3
4161.74
4552.00
3,000.0
Semosavlebi sul
2,213.0
3010.50
gadasaxadebi
2,000.0
1,732.9
2130.30
grantebi
1,000.0
0.0
933.3
802.7
1407.30
602.30
617.2
975.30
387.7 464.6
355.8
567.90
160.1
22.6 48.4
104.5
194.0 208.6
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
8

# 118
biuleteni
ad, jarimebidan mobilizebuli Tanxebic gaizrdeba,~
- ganmartavs finansTa saministro. es ganmarteba rom
mcdaria, wina wlebis ekonomikuri maCvenebelic dagvarwmunebs.
magaliTad, 2007 wels saqarTvelo mniSvnelovani
ekonomikuri zrdis tempiT xasiaTdeboda,
magram jarimebi zrdis nacvlad mcirdeboda. Tu jarimebis
moculoba ekonomikuri zrdis maCvenebelzea
damokidebuli, maSin misi moculoba 2007 wlis Semdgom
cvalebadi unda iyos da ara mzardi.
rogorc Cans, 2011 wlidan isedac mkacri sagadasaxado
administrireba kidev mkacrdeba da dReisTvis
Tu sagadasaxado samsaxurebi gadaWarbebiT asruleben
samuSao gegmas, momavali wlidan maTi gegmac
gaizrdeba da, SesaZloa, imdenad gadaaWarbon gaweril
samuSao gegmas, rom biujetSi administraciuli jarimebidan
90 mln. larze gacilebiT meti raodenobis
Tanxa Sevides.
rac Seexeba gadasaxdelebs - am maCvenebelSi
xarjebis wili 5746,1 aTasi lariT ganisazRvreba
da gasuli wlis biujetis analogiur maCvenebels
TiTqmis 170 milioni lariT aRemateba (ix. diagramebi
1 da 2).
`qamrebis SemoWeris~ politikis gatarebis miuxedavad,
sabiujeto organizaciebis TanamSromlebis xelfasebisTvis
2011 wlis biujetSi gaTvaliswinebulia
1081,21 aTasi lari, 2010 wels ki es maCvenebeli 1043,12
aTasi laris toli iyo. aseve gazrdilia saprocento
xarjebic da am mimarTulebiT 2011 wels daaxloebiT
314 milioni lari daixarjeba. Tumca, rogorc
Cans, yvela sxva mimarTulebiT mTavroba xarjebis
Semcirebas gegmavs. momavali wlis mTavar safinanso
dokumentSi Semcirebulia subsidiebisa da grantebis
moculoba, mimdinare welTan SedarebiT aseve
Semcirebulia socialuri uzrunvelyofis xarjebi.
2011 wlis biujetidan TiTqmis 890 milioni lari arafinansuri
aqtivebis zrdaze daixarjeba. valis momsaxurebas
ki 203 milion 35 aTasi lari moxmardeba.
sakmaod bevri bundovani momenti SeiniSneba
biujetis kanonis me-9 muxlSi, romelSic asaxulia
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebisa da
diagrama 1
836.01, 14%
2011 გეგმა შრომის ანაზღაურება
საქონელი და მომსახურება
პროცენტი
სუბსიდიები
1081.21, 19%
გრანტები
სოციალური უზრუნველყოფა
სხვა ხარჯები
1490.48, 26%
791.4, 14%
1014.12, 18%
218.58, 4%
314.3, 5%
705.61, 12%
2010
1014.83, 18%
diagrama 2
შრომის ანაზღაურება
საქონელი და მომსახურება
პროცენტი
სუბსიდიები
გრანტები
სოციალური უზრუნველყოფა
სხვა ხარჯები
1496.43, 27%
847.87, 15%
204.12, 4%
208.01, 4%
1130.64, 20%
9

# 118 biuleteni
arafinansuri aqtivebis funqcionaluri klasifikacia.
saqme isaa, rom rigi muxlebisa, romlebzec
dafinanseba gazrdilia, konkretulad ar aris gawerili.
magaliTad, biujetis proeqtSi yuradRebas
iqcevs erTi faqti. socialur dacvaze biujetidan
1 408 597 aTasi laria gamoyofili, rac dRevandeli
biujetis analogiur maCvenebelze metia. Tumca am
punqts muxlobrivad Tu ganvixilavT, xarjebi Semcirebulia
xandazmulTa socialur dacvaze, ojaxebisa
da bavSvebis socialur dacvaze, sacxovrebliT
uzrunvelyofaze biujetSi Tanxebi saerTod aRar
aris gaTvaliswinebuli. xarjebi gazrdilia mxolod
erT punqtze, romelic ganmartebulia, rogorc socialuri
gaucxoebis sakiTxebi, romlebic ar eqvemdebareba
klasifikacias. am punqtze xarjebi TiTqmis
gaormagebulia, arada konkretulad gaurkvevelia,
ra moiazreba am cnebis qveS.
Semcirebulia Tavdacvis xarjebic. wesrigis
dacvasa da sazogadoebis usafrTxoebaze
gamoyofili Tanxebi aseve Semcirebulia,
Tumca struqturis mixedviT gazrdilia
policiis xarjebi da Semcirebulia sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebebze gamoyofili saxsrebi.
xarjebisa da arafinansuri aqtivebis funqcionalur
klasifikaciaSi ganaTlebis sferos gazrdili dafinansebis
miuxedavad, umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarjebi
Semcirebulia.
2011 wlis biujetSi deficiti 4.3%-iT ganisaz-
Rvreba, rac mimdinare wlis biujetis deficitze
2%-iT naklebia.
Cveni azriT, ekonomikis wasaxaliseblad ufro
efeqturi iqneboda, rom xarjebi Semcirebuliyo,
rac ekonomikis waxalisebis garda, deficitis ufro
metad Semcirebas gamoiwvevda.
3. saxelmwifo vali – struqturuli
analizi
sagareo valis zrdis tendenciebi. rodis da rogor
iCens Tavs saxelmwifo vali mosaxleobisTvis
vali aris sakiTxi, romelze diskusiac mudmivad
mimdinareobs. aRniSnuli termini gansakuTrebulad
aqtualuria ganviTarebadi qveynebisTvis imdenad,
ramdenadac aRniSnuli qveynebi reformebis gansaxorcieleblad
Tu infrastruqturuli proeqtebisaTvis
sul ufro met Tanxas sesxuloben rogorc ormxrivi,
ise mravalxrivi xelSekrulebebis farglebSi.
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri politikis mimoxilvisas
sagareo vals erT-erTi wamyvani pozicia uWiravs.
sinamdvileSi, aRniSnuli Temis popularobis zenitSi
arsebobis mizezi saxelmwifos (rogorc sagareo, ise
saSinao) valis raodenobas ukavSirdeba.
safuZvelSive unda aRiniSnos, rom vali ar
niSnavs calsaxad cud movlenas. ufro metic,
gonivrul sesxs SeuZlia mniSvnelovani sargebeli
moutanos nebismier qveyanas, Tumca sesxis gonivruloba,
umTavresad, ganisazRvreba misi miznobriobiTa
da dabrunebis realurobiT.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo vali, misi yvelaze
martivi gagebiT, sakmaod damafiqreblad gamoiyureba.
ufro konkretulad rom vTqvaT, 2010 wlis
31 oqtombris monacemebiT saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
sagareo vali 6 miliard 819 milion 762 aTas lars
Seadgens, rac 2009 wlis analogiur maCvenebels miliard
200 milion larze metiT aRemateba, xolo 2004
wlis analogiur maCvenebelze TiTqmis 3 miliardnaxevriT
metia.
saxelmwifo sagareo vals oTxi mimarTuleba
aqvs: pirveli _ es aris vali mravalmxrivi kreditorebisgan,
romelSic igulisxmeba saerTaSoriso
organizaciebi; meore _ ormxrivi kreditorebisagan
aRebuli vali, rodesac mTavroba romelime meore
qveynisgan sesxulobs fuls; Semdgomia saxelmwifo
fasiani qaRaldebis gayidvis gziT dagrovili vali,
da bolos, rodesac Tanxis sesxeba mesame qveynisgan
an saerTaSoriso organizaciisgan xdeba saxelmwifos
garantiis pirobiT.
saqarTvelos mimdinare sagareo valis udidesi
nawili, TiTqmis xuTi miliardi lari, swored
mravalmxriv kreditorebze modis. maT Soris liderobs
msoflio banki, romlis mimarTac davalianeba
2 miliard 100 milion lars aRemateba, xolo
Semdgom saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi _ TiTqmis
ori miliardi dolariT. mravalmxriv kreditorebs
Soris yvelaze naklebi davalianeba saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos evrogaerTianebis mimarT aqvs da es
Tanxa am droisaTvis 33 milion 203 aTas lars Seadgens.
2009 wels mravalmxrivi kreditorebis mimarT
saqarTvelos davalianeba daaxloebiT sami miliard
rvaas milionamde iyo.
ormxrivi kreditorebis mimarT saqarTvelos
davalianeba miliard lars aRemateba. ormxriv
kreditorebSi liderobs germania, romlis mimarTac
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos davalianeba 356 milion
laramdea. unda aRiniSnos, rom germaniis mimarT
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos garantiiT aRebuli
kreditic aqvs da misi odenoba eqvsmilion-naxevar
laramdea. germaniis Semdgom saqarTvelos yvelaze
didi davalianeba ruseTis mimarT aqvs da es Tanxa
TiTqmis 209 milion lars Seadgens. aRsaniSnavia
isic, rom ruseTis mimarT saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
davalianeba 2009 wlis analogiur maCvenebel-
Tan SedarebiT TiTqmis aTi milioni lariT aris
gazrdili, xolo 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdgom,
anu 2008 wlis 31 agvistos mdgomareobasTan SedarebiT,
mimdinare periodSi ruseTis federaciis mimarT
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sagareo vali 50
milion larze metiT aris gazrdili. yvelaze mcire
davalianeba saqarTvelos TurqmeneTis mimarT aqvs
da es Tanxa 375 aTas lars Seadgens.
sainteresoa isic, rom saqarTvelos daaxloebiT
500 mln. aSS dolari sagareo vali warmoeqmna
saxelmwifos fasiani qaRaldebis, e.w. evrobondebis
gamoSvebis Sedegad.
xSir SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifos sagareo vals
ganixilaven mTlian Sida produqtTan (mSp) mimarTebiT.
mTlian Sida produqtSi igulisxmeba yvela im
saqonlisa da momsaxurebis saboloo sabazro Rirebuleba,
romelic iwarmoeba qveynis SigniT drois
mocemul periodSi.
rodesac saxelmwifo sagareo vals nominalur
mTlian Sida produqtTan mimarTebiT ganixilaven,
igulisxmeba, magaliTad, ramdeni miliardi laris
Rirebulebis produqcia awarmoa saqarTvelom 2010
wels, xolo amave 2010 wels ramdeni miliardi laris
Rirebulebis sagareo vali aqvs.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis gaTvlebis Tanaxmad,
10

# 118
biuleteni
2010 wels mTliani Sida produqtis nominaluri
maCvenebeli 19 miliard 46 milion 400 aTasi lari
iqneba. am monacemebis analizis Tanaxmad ki Segvi-
Zlia gavakeToT Semdegi prognozi: saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo sagareo vali 2010 wlis bolosaTvis
Seadgens nominaluri mSp-is 37,1 procents maSin,
roca 2009 wlisTvis sagareo vali nominaluri mSp-is
mxolod 31,1 procenti iyo.
2011 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis proeqtis Tanaxmad,
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sagareo vali 8 miliard
788 milion laramde izrdeba. mravalmxrivi
kreditorebis nawilSi mimdinare periodTan SedarebiT
TiTqmis 400 milioni lariT izrdeba saqarTvelos
davalianeba saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mimarT,
xolo rac Seexeba sxva ormxriv kreditorebs,
TiTqmis 619 milionamde izrdeba davalianeba germaniis
mimarT. saxelmwifos fasiani qaRaldebis, e.w.
evrobondebis ganTavsebiT gamowveuli davalianeba
damatebiT 25 milioni lariT izrdeba, rac kursis
sxvaobiTaa gamowveuli.
garda saxelmwifos sagareo valisa, qveyanas
saSinao valic aqvs, aRniSnuli Tanxa ki miliard 912
milion laramdea. saSinao valis meoTxedze meti
saxelmwifo fasiani qaRaldebis gamoSvebiT miRebuli
saxsrebia. unda aRiniSnos, rom 2001-2002 wlebSi
saxelmwifo erT-erTi komerciuli bankisgan 250-300
procentadac ki sesxulobda Tanxas, rac finansur
maqinaciebs hgavs.
zemoTqmulis mixedviT, saxelmwifo valis
zRvruli moculoba, 2011 wlis biujetis prognozis
Tanaxmad, aTi miliard Svidas milion laramdea.
sagareo valis momsaxurebis nawilSi
saqarTvelosTvis gansakuTrebiT rTuli periodi
2013 wels dadgeba, rodesac qveyanas mouwevs 500
saxelmwifo sagareo vali da sabiujeto Semosavlebi
(mln. lari)
cxrili 3
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
saSinao
vali
sagareo
vali
1520,35 1567,9 1575,78 1535,35 1510,9 1489,9 1458,9 1693,2 1825,1 1912
3322,98 3040,15 2730,84 2540,76 2344,5 2429,7 3694,7 4532 6819,8 8788
Semosavlebi 802,7 933,3 1732,9 2213 3293,3 4293,6 5517,69 4916,96 5363,6 5955,8
grafiki 3
saxelmwifo vali da sabiujeto Semosavlebi 2002 -2011 w.w.
(mln. lari)
10000
9000
8788
8000
7000
6819.8
6000
5955.8
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
5517.69
4293.6
3322.98
3694.7
3040.15
3293.3
2730.84 2540.76
2429.7
2213
2344.5
1732.9
1520.35 1567.9 1575.78 1535.35 1510.9 1489.9 1458.9
802.7
933.3
5363.6
4916.96
4532
1693.2
1825.1 1912
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
saSinao vali sagareo vali Semosavlebi
11

# 118 biuleteni
mln. dolarze meti sagareo valis nawilis Ziri
Tanxis dafarvas moaxmaros.
zemoT aRwerili situaciidan ori gamosavali
arsebobs, pesimisturi da optimisturi. ufro konkretulad
rom vTqvaT, uares SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelo
gamoacxadebs defolts, rac sagareo valebze
uaris Tqmas niSnavs, xolo ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, qveynis
ekonomikuri zrda iseT maCvenebels miaRwevs,
rom saxelmwifos `Tavisuflad~ SeeZleba sazogadoebrivi
danazogis Seqmnis gziT sagareo valebis
gastumreba. Tumca unda aRniSnos, rom saqarTvelos
mTavrobis mier mowodebuli ekonomikuri zrdis
saprognozo monacemebi, mimdinare wlidan 2014 wlis
CaTvliT, maincdamainc didi optimizmis safuZvels
ar iZleva, radgan dasaxelebuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi
mSp-is zrda saSualod 5,9 procentis farglebSi
meryeobs, rac ganviTarebadi qveynisTvis arcTu kargi
maCvenebelia.
Sida kreditebis struqtura periodis bolosaTvis
(mln. lari)
4. fulad-sakredito garemo –
mivaRwieT Tu ara stabilurobas?
2010 weli saqarTvelos sabanko seqtorisTvis
sakmaod warmatebulad unda Sefasdes. qarTuli
bankebis umetesobam gasul wels ganviTarebis dadebiTi
tendencia gamoamJRavna. 2010 wlis ganmavlobaSi,
sabanko seqtorma mxolod ori Tve, ianvar-Tebervali,
daasrula wagebiT, danarCen SemTxvevaSi bankebi
mogebaze muSaobdnen.
eqspertTa ganmartebiT, qarTul bankebs krizisis
gadatanaSi sami faqtori daexmara. pirveli -
bankebis umetesoba kriziss kapitalisa da likvidurobis
maRali doniT Sexvda, meore - qarTulma
ekonomikam krizisis periodSi seriozuli saerTa-
Soriso daxmareba miiRo, rac mTlianad ekonomikasa
da sabanko aqtivebs dadebiTad waadga da mesame -
zog banks maTi aqcionerebi an saerTaSoriso safinanso
institutebi daexmarnen.
qarTul sabanko seqtors, problemebis simwvavis
moxsnaSi, marTlac rom mniSvnelovnad daexmara
donorebisa da saerTaSoriso safinanso insti-
cxrili 4
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 III
Sida kreditebi 1 328,5 1 457,2 1 665,1 1 836,8 2 488,9 3 267,4 5 315,0 6 245,2 5 900,3 6 568,1
mTavrobis wminda
davalianeba
726,9 718,3 765,7 740,4 627,4 414,9 352,7 -171,2 263,1 208,0
danarCeni ekonomikis
davalianeba
601,6 739,0 899,5
1
096,4
1
861,4
2 852,5 4 962,2 6 416,4 5 637,2 6 360,2
sesxebi erovnul
valutaSi
sesxebi ucxour
valutaSi
12 Tvemde erovnul
valutaSi gacemul
sesxebze saprocento
ganakveTebi
12 Tvemde ucxour
valutaSi gacemul
sesxebze saprocento
ganakveTebi
12 Tveze meti vadiT
erovnul valutaSi
gacemul sesxebze
saprocento
ganakveTebi
12 Tveze meti vadiT
ucxour valutaSi
gacemul sesxebze
saprocento
ganakveTebi
117,0 117,8 115,6 173,9 437,4 754,2 1 687,0 2 014,1 1 600,1 2 058,4
484,6 621,2 783,9 922,5 1 424,1 2 098,3 3 275,3 4 402,3 4 037,2 4 301,8
26,1 23,3 25,9 24,0 21,1 21,8 21,2 24,0 24,6 24,5
26,2 23,8 22,5 22,1 19,8 18,3 19,3 21,6 22,5 20,1
15,0 17,0 19,2 20,8 20,2 19,2 20,2 22,2 22,9 20,5
21,0 19,1 18,4 16,2 15,2 16,0 16,1 16,7 17,1 16,3
12

# 118
biuleteni
tutebis, gansakuTrebiT ki saerTaSoriso safinanso
korporaciisa da evrobankis daxmareba. swored am
finansuri nakadebis wyalobiT moaxerxes wamyvanma
qarTulma bankebma sagareo valdebulebebis dafarva,
ramac sistemas amosunTqvis saSualeba misca.
2010 wlis dekembris monacemebiT, saqarTvelos
sabanko seqtori 19 bankiTaa warmodgenili, maT Soris
14 - sawesdeo kapitalSi ucxouri kapitalis
monawileobiT da 2 - ucxouri bankis filialiT.
saqarTvelos komerciuli bankebis mTlianma aqtivebma
(mimdinare fasebSi) 2010 wlis 1 dekembris-
Tvis 10145,117 mln. lari Seadgina. aRsaniSnavia,
rom mimdinare wlis ganmavlobaSi aqtivebis wliuri
zrdis tempi 27. 4%-iT ganisazRvra. aqtivebis 55%
2 wamyvani bankis, `saqarTvelos bankisa~ da `Tibisi
bankis”~, aqtivebis jamur portfelze modis.
2010 wels mniSvnelovnad Semcirda zaraliani
bankebis raodenoba. gasuli wlis analogiur periodTan
SedarebiT maTma ricxvma 14-dan 7-mde iklo.
2010 wlis 1 dekembris monacemebiT, wels
mogebiT 12 banki asrulebs. maTi wminda mogebis jamuri
maCvenebeli 215,694 mln lariT ganisazRvra. 7
bankis wminda zaralma ki 57 mln lari Seadgina. amave
Sida kreditebis struqtura periodis bolosaTvis
(mln. lari)
grafiki 4
7,000.0
6,245.2
6,568.1
6,000.0
5,900.3
5,315.0
5,000.0
4,000.0
3,267.4
3,000.0
2,488.9
2,000.0
1,328.5
1,457.2
1,665.1
1,836.8
1,000.0
0.0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 III
-1,000.0
Sida kreditebi mTavrobis wminda davalianeba danarCeni ekonomikis davalianeba
wlis pirveli dekembrisTvis seqtoris wminda mogeba
158 629 000 laria, rac istoriuli maqsimumia, radgan
wminda mogebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli, 109,2
milioni lari, 2007 wlis bolos dafiqsirda. gasuli
wlis analogiur periodSi komerciuli bankebis
zaralma 83 mln lari Seadgina.
2010 wels komerciul bankebs Soris mogebis
mxriv kvlav `saqarTvelos banki~ liderobs da sabanko
seqtoris mogebis 58% swored masze modis.
momgebiani bankebis reitingi, 2010 wlis 1 dekembris-
Tvis Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: `saqarTvelos banki~
- 125,98 mln. lari; `Ti bi si banki~ - 38,95; banki
`qarTu~ - 22,99; `liberTi banki~ - 13,65; `bazis banki~
- 2,25 mln. lari. rac Seexeba wlis zaralian bankebs,
maTi reitingi aseTia: banki `respublika~ - 25,97 milioni
lari; `biTiei banki saqarTvelo~ - 9,58; `viTibi
banki jorjia~ - 8,6; `taoprivat banki~ - 7; `HSBC
banki saqarTvelo~ - 3,1; `xalikbanki saqarTvelo~ -
2,53; KSB – 0,12 mln. lari.
aRsaniSnavia, rom 2010 wels gaizarda komerciuli
bankebis mier gacemuli sesxebis moculoba.
2010 wlis 1 dekembris monacemebiT, bankebis mier
gacemuli sesxebis moculobam 6 miliard lars gadaaWarba,
rac bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze
maRali niSnulia, Tundac gasuli wlis analogiur
maCvenebels 830 mln lariT anu 16%-iT aRemateba.
2010 wels saqarTvelos sabanko seqtorSi vadagadacilebuli
sesxebis klebis tendencia SeimCneva.
2010 wlis 1 dekembris monacemebiT vadagadacileuli
sesxebis raodenobam 203 milion 94 aTasi lari
Seadgina, rac oqtomberTan SedarebiT milioniT naklebia.
vadagadacilebuli sesxebis kuTxiT sabanko
seqtorSi mniSvnelovani kleba seqtemberSi dafiqsirda,
roca vadagadacilebuli sesxebis moculoba
agvistoSi dafiqsirebul 226 milionidan 202 milionamde
Semcirda.
2010 wels Semcirda dafaruli sesxebis moculobac.
`kreditinfo saqarTveloSi~ pozitiuri
Canawerebis raodenoba 25 dekembrisTvis 1 863 806
Seadgina, aqedan 1 040 658 (55.8%) dafarulia, 823 148
ki _ dasafari.
2010 wlis 1 dekembrisTvis sabanko seqtorSi
ganTavsebuli arasabanko depozitebis jamurma moc-
13

# 118 biuleteni
ulobam 5.061 mlrd lari Seadgina, rac wina Tvis
saangariSo periodTan SedarebiT 49 aTasi lariT naklebia.
depozitebis zrdis tendencia gasuli wlis
gazafxulidan SeimCneoda da 2010 wlis oqtombramde
SenarCunda.
klientebis depozitebSi iuridiuli (2,510 mlrd.
lari) da fizikuri pirebis depozitebi (2,626 mlrd.
lari) TiTqmis Tanabrad nawildeba. depozitebis
dolarizaciis koeficienti, mimdinare wlis 1 noembris
monacemebiT, 73,6%-iT ganisazRvra. ucxouri
valutiT ganTavsebul depozitebSi aSS dolaris wili
68,2%-s Seadgens, xolo evros wili – 19,5%-s.
saqarTvelos sabanko seqtorSi, 2010 wlis mniSvnelovan
movlenad aqtiuri sakredito politika
dasaxelda. garda imisa, rom bankebma kreditebze Se-
RavaTiani pirobebi daaweses, sesxis gacemis procedurebic
gaamartives. magaliTad, qarTuli wamyvani
bankebi, ganaxlebul pirobebSi, klients samomxmareblo
kredits 3 da 5 wlamde vadasac ki sTavazobs,
rac gasuli wlis pirobebSi warmoudgeneli iyo. Sesabamisad,
Semcirebulia saprocento ganakveTebi.
maTi Semcireba mimdinare wlis ivnisidan fiqsirdeba.
magaliTad, larSi gacemul kreditze saprocento
ganakveTi 1%-iT Semcirda da saSualo saprocento
ganakveTi am droisTvis 22%-iT ganisazRvreba.
xolo aSS dolarSi gacemuli kreditebis saprocento
ganakveTi 1.5 – 2.0%-iT Semcirda da saSualo
ganakveTma 16.5% Seadgina.
kreditebze saprocento ganakveTis Semcirebas
bankebs Soris arsebulma konkurenciam Seuwyo
xeli. magaliTad, bankma `respublika~ momxmarebels
ipoTekuri sesxi fiqsirebul 11%-Si SesTavaza.
misi gamowveva miiRo `Tibisi bankmac~. `ekonomikuri
problemebis kvlevis centrma~ 2010 wlis saukeTeso
sabanko produqtebis dasaxelebisas wlis yvelaze
mniSvnelovan sabanko SeTavazebad, swored bank
`respublikas~ 11%-iani SeTavazeba dasaxelda. aRsaniSnavia,
rom 2010 weli, kreditebze saprocento
ganakveTebis Semcirebis tendenciiTac gamoirCeva.
ase rom, 2010 wels saqarTvelos sabanko seqtoris
ganviTarebis dadebiTi tendenciis gaTvaliswinebiT,
calsaxad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli
sabanko sistema jansaRdeba da igi praqtikulad
gamosulia postomiseuli da postkrizisuli Sokidan,
rac aRniSnuli seqtoris ganviTarebis axal
etapze gadasvlis momaswavebelia.
5. `ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da Rirsebis
aqti~ – liberalizmi TviTmizani ar aris
2009 wels prezidentma parlaments warudgina
`ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis aqti~, romelic eyrdnoba
ramdenime ZiriTad princips. am principebSi
gaTvaliswinebulia referendumi gadasaxadebis cvlilebasTan
dakavSirebiT, maregulirebeli organoebis
Seqmnis akrZalva, axali licenziebisa da
nebarTvebis akrZalva, xarjebis Tanafardoba mSp-
Tan araumetes 30%-isa, saxelmwifo valis Tanafardoba
ki araumetes 60%-isa, sabiujeto deficitis
maqsimalur dones ki Cveni mTavroba mTliani Sida
produqtis 3%-ze gegmavs.
es is principebia, romelTa meSveob iTac
qveynis xelisufalni apireben saqarTvelos liberaluri
ekonomikis flagmanad gadaqcevas.
ekono mikuri Tavisuflebis aqtis am debulebebidan,
qarTul bazrebze arsebuli konkurenciis dabali
xarisxis gamo, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas axali maregulirebeli
organoebis Seqmnis akrZalva iqcevs.
maSin, rodesac qveyanaSi ukve arsebuli maregulireblebi
(kavSirgabmulobis, komunikaciis) qmediTs verafers
akeTeben da rodesac qveyanaSi TiTqmis yvela
mniSvnelovan bazarze msxvili monopoliebi arseboben,
sruliad gaugebaria amgvari gadawyvetilebis miReba.
aseT SemTxvevaSi, ra bedi eweva jer gauqmebul da
Semdeg ufunqciod aRdgenil antimonopoliur samsaxurs,
kidev ufro bundovani xdeba. bolo period-
Si situacia am mimarTulebiT SedarebiT gaaqtiurda,
radgan antimonopoliuri samsaxuris aRdgena
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi moTxovnaa, romelsac
evrokavSiri uyenebs saqarTvelos integraciuli
procesebis mizniT.
rac Seexeba saxelmwifo valis sakiTxs, misi
moculoba mSp-s 60%-is doneze ar aris maRali
maCvenebeli, Tumca SeuZlebelia es yvela qveyanaze
gavavrceloT maTi ganviTarebis doneebis
gansxvavebebis gamo. eqspertebi miiCneven, rom am
SemTxvevaSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas qveynis
sakredito reitingi. saerTaSoriso sareitingo saagento
fitch-is mier saqarTveloze miniWebuli reitingi
B+ gulisxmobs imas, rom am kategoriis qveynebisTvis
valis norma mSp-Tan mimarTebiT ar unda
aRematebodes 15%-s. calke sakiTxia ramdenad unda
vendoT fitch-is reitingebs. msoflio ekonomikur
sazogadoebaSi ukve aris aqtiuri saubari mSp-s
maCveneblis Secvlaze, radgan es maCvenebeli realobas
zustad ver asaxavs. amis gamo eqspertebi
miiCneven, rom umjobesia valis done eqsportis
maCveneblebis gaTvaliswinebiT viangariSoT.
sabiujeto deficitis mSp-s mimarT 3%-is doneze
SenarCuneba xelisuflebis mimdinare saqmianobis
gaTvaliswinebiT, cota ar iyos, ararealuria. es
zRvari evrokavSiris warmatebuli da ekonomikurad
ganviTarebuli qveynebis mier aris SemoRebuli.
saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebis donisa da
mTavrobis gadawyvetilebebidan gamomdinare am
standartis SemoReba SeuZlebelia. gavixsenoT 2009
weli, rodesac mTavrobam orjer moaxdina biujetis
koreqtireba, xarjebis Camowera, raTa deficits ar
hqonoda adgili. mimdinare wels ki yvela xedavs, ra
gzebs aRar mimarTavs xelisufleba, raTa moaxdinos
biujetis dagegmili saSemosavlo nawilis formireba
_ zrdis da Semoaqvs axali jarimebi da a.S.
referendumi yvela mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis
miRebis saukeTeso saSualebaa, Tumca gadasaxadebis
cvlilebis referendumiT ganxilva arc-
Tu efeqturi da optimaluri saSualebaa. gaugebaria
soflad mcxovrebma glexma rogor unda daadginos
gadasaxadis ra ganakveTia optimaluri da rogori
done Seesabameba ekonomikis ganviTarebis tempebs.
umjobesia es sakiTxi biznesseqtorTan SeTanxmdes da
gadawyvetilebebi am mimarTulebiT kompetenturma
xalxma miiRos. rac Seexeba referendums, misi saSualebiT
sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi unda gadawydes.
gadasaxadebTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania
kidev erTi sakiTxi. gadasaxadebis cvlilebis referendumiT
gadawyveta sulac ar aris gamosavali im
situaciidan, rom xelisufleba veRar SeZlebs manipulirebas
sasurveli Sedegis misaRebad. mas rCeba Ses-
14

# 118
biuleteni
aZlebloba gaafarToos dabegvris obieqtebis moculoba,
rac aris kidec gaTvaliswinebuli axal sagadasaxado
kodeqsSi. anu es gadawyvetileba ar niSnavs
imas, sazogadoeba gansazRvravs sagadasaxado tvir-
Tis simZimes. gadasaxadebis referendumiT dadgena ar
iZleva realuri zemoqmedebis meqanizmebs.
axali licenziebisa da nebarTvebis gacemis akr-
Zalva biznesisa da ekonomikis ganviTarebis SezRudva
ufroa, vidre Tavisufleba. ra Tqma unda, garkveul
saqmianobaze unda ikrZalebodes nebarTvis gacema,
magram zogadad yvela licenziisa da nebarTvis akr-
Zalva ar aris gamosavali da win gadadgmuli nabiji.
da bolos, prezidentis gancxadebiT,
`ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis aqti~ konstituciurad
SezRudavs xelisuflebis SesaZleblobas gadauxvios
liberaluri ekonomikuri mmarTvelobidan. ra
garantia gvaqvs imisa, rom es marTlac ase iqneba,
maSin roca mTavrobas SesaZlebloba aqvs sakuTari
Sexedulebisamebr Secvalos Tavad konstitucia.
sakvebi produqti, medikamentebi, eleqtroenergia,
interneti, sawvavi, bunebrivi airi – momxmarebeli
yovelTvis Civis, rom yvelaferi Zviria.
eqspertTa nawili am „Civilebs“ profesiul enaze
Targmnis. ekonomikis specialistebi saqarTveloSi
cxovrebis gaZvirebis erT-erT mizezad sxvadasxva
sferos monopolizaciasac asaxeleben.
saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris
2009 wlis monacemebiT, mTliani biznesis brunvaSi
msxvil bizness 85% ukavia. ,,axalgazrda biznesmenTa
da finansistTa asociaciaSi“ amas antimonopoliuri
samsaxuris ararsebobiT xsnian. asociaciis prezidentis,
merab janiSvilis ganmartebiT, mTliani biznesis
brunvaSi msxvili biznesis 85%-iani wili saqarTvelos
bazarze konkurenciis dones 2,5-jer amcirebs.
qarTuli biznesis ukontrolobas mxolod
momxmarebeli da ekonomikis eqspertebi ar uCivian.
ukontrolo qarTul bizness evrokavSiric iwunebs.
saqarTvelos mTavroba da evrogaerTianeba antimonopoliuri
samsaxuris memkvidre „Tavisufali vaWrobis
da konkurenciis saagentos“ funqciebze ukve
ramdenime welia ver Tanxmdebian, arada antimonopoliuri
kanonmdebloba im 4 mTavar pirobaTa Sorisaa,
romelTa Sesrulebac saqarTvelo-evrokavSirs Soris
farTo da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb
SeTanxmebis (DCFTA) miRwevisTvis aucilebelia.
evrokavSiris rekomendaciebis Semdeg, 2010
wlis gazafxulze, mTavrobam antimonopoliuri
samsaxuris aRdgenis gadawyvetileba miiRo, romlis
funqcia mxolod bazris analizia. evrogaer-
Tianebis moTxovnis Tanaxmad ki, monopoliebTan
mebrZol samsaxurs Semdgomi reagirebis uflebac
unda mieces.
ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis
qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centris
(GEPLAC) yofili direqtori kaxa gogolaSvili ganmartavs,
rom evrokavSiris moTxovna Zlieri antimonopoliuri
samsaxurisa da iseTi kanonmdeblobis
Seqmnaa, romelic kartelur SeTanxmebebs SezRudvas
(SezRudavs), saxelmwifo daxmarebebis gamWvirvalobasa
da konkurenciis wesebis dacvas uzrunvelyofs.
„evrokavSiris rekomendaciiT, samsaxurs, bazris kvlevis
garda, iseTi tipis kontraqtebis SeCerebac
unda SeeZlos, romlebic jansaR konkurencias xels
uSlis. vidre saqme sasamarTlomde miva, mas sxvadasxva
sanqciis gamotanis uflebac unda hqondes, rogorc
amas evropuli kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs.
xelisufleba evrokavSiris rekomendacias ar
asrulebs. antimonopoliuri samsaxurisTvis mxolod
bazris analizis funqciis miniWebas mTavroba
qveynis liberaluri ekonomikis kursiT xsnis.
mTavrobis warmodgeniT antimonopoliuri samsaxuri
im doneze ar unda Caerios kerZo biznesis saqmianobaSi,
rom damatebiT biurokratiul rgolad iqces.
antimonopoliuri samsaxuris reforma or etapad
ganxorcieldeba.
pirveli – samsaxuris struqturul reorganizacias
iTvaliswinebda da ganxorcielda kidevac.
kerZod, antimonopoliuri samsaxuri gamovida
ekonomikis saministros zedamxedvelobidan.
„Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis saagento“
ukve sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piria.
mis xelmZRvanels premier-ministri niSnavs da
is angariSvaldebulia mTavrobis winaSe. Sesabamisad,
misi damoukideblobis xarisxic gaizarda.
meore etapi ki samsaxuris funqciebis gadaxedvas
iTvaliswinebs. axali modeliT antimonopoliuri
samsaxuri bazris yvela segments gaakontrolebs.
saagentos karteluri garigebebisa da monopolisturi
SemTxvevebis gamoZiebis funqcia eqneba saCivris
safuZvelze. saboloo gadawyvetilebas miiRebs
sasamarTlo. procesze bralmdebeli iqneba saagento.
amas garda, antimonopoliuri samsaxuri SeZlebs
gamoiyenos statistikis departamentis informacia
da aseve ufleba eqneba, daiqiraos kerZo eqspertebi
konkretuli kvlevebisaTvis.
antimonopoliuri samsaxuris Tundac Secvlili
saxiT aRdgenis sakiTxi saqarTveloSi dRis
wesrigSi ramdenjerme dadga da iniciatori yovelTvis
evrokavSiri ar yofila. 2009 wlis TebervalSi,
prezident mixeil saakaSvilis parlamentSi
stumrobisas, antimonopoliuri samsaxuris saWiroebis
Temaze mwvave debatebi gaimarTa. saparlamento
umciresobam ganacxada, rom „Seqmnili krizisis
pirobebSi qveyanas haeriviT sWirdeba moqnili
antimonopoliuri samsaxuri“. mixeil saakaSvilma ki
qarTvel kanonmdeblebs „ganumarta“, rom „monopoliebis
mospoba antimonopoliuri samsaxuriT ki ar
xdeba, aramed TavisuflebiT, dabrkolebebis moxsniTa
da korufciis gauqmebiT“.
Tavisufali bazris momxreTa azriT, mTavrobis
gadawyvetileba antimonopoliuri samsaxuris Secvlili
saxiT, magram mainc aRdgenis Sesaxeb mis mierve
deklarirebuli „ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis aqtis“
suliskveTebas ewinaaRmdegeba.
kanonmdebelTa da eqspertTa nawili antimonopoliuri
samsaxuris aRdgenas sasicocxlod
mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs. parlamentis ekonomikuri
politikis komitetma 2008 wlis rekomendaciebSi
ekonomikuri problemebis gamomwvev mizezTa Soris
bazarze konkurenciis SezRudvac daasaxela, rac
antimonopoliuri samsaxuris gauqmebam gamoiwvia.
dResdReobiT bazris struqturis Seswavla ar xdeba
da aris konkretuli sferoebi, sadac monopolistebi
Camoyalibdnen. am TvalsazrisiT yvelaze rTuli vi-
Tareba farmacevtul bazarzea. analogiuri situaciaa
benzinis biznesSic, romelSic ramdenime wlis win
sawvavis Semomtani 150-mde wvrili da saSualo kompania
iyo, Tumca maTi umetesoba gaakotres. Seqmnili
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viTareba xelisuflebasac aZlevs xels, radgan 2–3
msxvil kompaniasTan „urTierToba“ gacilebiT iolia,
vidre 150-is Camovla da maTi iZuleba biujetSi xelisuflebisTvis
saWiro Tanxebi gadmoricxon.
Sefasebebs sawvavis biznesSi monopolisti kompaniebis
arsebobis Sesaxeb ar eTanxmeba navTobproduqtebis
mwarmoebelTa, importiorTa da momxmarebelTa
kavSiris xelmZRvaneloba. isini amboben, rom bazarze
ramdenime multinacionaluri kompania moqmedebs,
maT Soris, „sokari“, „rompetroli“, „lukoili“, „ekojorjia“
an Tundac „visoli“, romlebic adgilobriv
bazarze operireben da sakmaod did kompaniebs warmoadgenen.
amas garda, arian kompaniebi, romlebic
benzingasamarTi sadgurebis mniSvnelovan raodenobas
floben, magaliTad - „senta“ da „magnati“.
monopoliuri saqmianobis SezRudvisa da
konkurenciis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb pirveli dekreti
saqarTvelos parlamentma 18 wlis win miiRo. mogvianebiT
gaeros ganviTarebis programisa da msoflio
bankis dafinansebiT saqarTveloSi antimonopoliuri
samsaxuric Seiqmna. bevri sxva sferos msgavsad,
xelisufleba am sakiTxsac „revoluciurad“ miudga.
kanonmdeblobis maqsimaluri liberalizaciis, axali
investiciebisa da axali biznesmoTamaSeebis mozidvis
motiviT 2005 wels saxelmwifo antimonopoliuri
da fasebis inspeqciis samsaxurebi erT struqturad,
Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis saagentod
gardaqmna. is ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros
daeqvemdebara, energetikisa da telekomunikaciebis
kontroli ki damoukidebel maregulirebel organoebs
SeunarCundaT.
ekonomistTa nawilis azriT, 2005 wels antimonopoliuri
samsaxuris gauqmeba ara Secdoma, aramed
danaSauli iyo, radgan qveyana faqtobrivad konkurenciis
dacvis institutis gareSe darCa. samsaxuris
ararsebobis gamo saqarTvelom 5 weli ukve dakarga
da dResac ar Cans niSnebi, rom mTavroba efeqtiani
antimonopoliuri samsaxuris Sesaqmnelad mzad aris.
metic, faqtobrivad ar Cans mzaoba imisTvis, rom
saqarTvelom gadadgas nabiji evrokavSirisken.
daskvna
saqarTvelos ekonomikis reformirebis
dRevandeli kursidan gamomdinare, ori mTavari _
mwvave, magram Wkuis saswavlebeli _ daskvnis gamotana
SeiZleba:
1. aramarTebulia, saxifaTo Tu ara, politikuri
miswrafebebiT ekonomikuri da gansakuTrebiT
socialuri politikis warmarTva. deklarirebul
socialur-ekonomikur prioritetebs ufro politikur-propagandistuli
elferi dahkravs;
2. ar arsebobs realuri ekonomikuri statistika
- ar arsebobs sando ekonomikuri analizi, rom
araferi vTqvaT prognozirebaze. mxolod gaurkvevelia,
riT aris es ganpirobebuli: Cveni araprofesionalizmiT
Tu WeSmariti suraTis danaxvis SiSiT.
rac Seexeba statiaSi ganxilul sakiTxebs, Cveni
azriT, aRsaniSnavia Semdegi:
- brmad da ganurCevlad nebismieri finansuri
saxsrebis (investiciebis, kreditebis) mozidva ar niSnavs
calsaxad garantirebul da swraf ekonomikur
zrdasa da samuSao adgilebis raodenobis gazrdas;
- sabiujeto prioritetebis gansazRvra SedarebiT
advilia – isini unda iyvnen mimarTuli
mosaxleobis Rirseuli cxovrebis donis amsaxveli
raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi parametrebis miRwevisa
da SenarCunebisaken. ufro rTuli da Sromatevadi
procesia yovelive amis realurad gaTvla
da aRsruleba, Tumca pirvelis gareSe meores azri
ekargeba;
- saxelmwifo sagareo valTan dakavSirebiT
zedgamoWrilia Zveli WeSmariteba: `nu geSinia didi
xarjebis, geSinodes patara Semosavlebis~, anu, rac
gadasaxdelia – mainc gadagvaxdevineben, mTavaria
im momentisTvis xazina ar dagvxvdes carieli;
- erTaderTi sfero, romelSic SedarebiT satabilurobaa,
aris sabanko seqtori. magram swored
aq gadametebulma `simSvidem” da riskebisagan Tavis
aridebam SeiZleba ukuefeqti gamoiwvios, radgan
ekonomikisaTvis, rogorc bankisTvis, `ar aris vali
– ara aris fuli~;
- da bolos, albaT ar aris saWiro arc `axali
kursebisa~ da arc `Tavisuflebis aqtebis~ gamogoneba.
qveyana laboratoria ar aris, reforma ki
– eqsperimenti. mTavaria, rogorc ukve vTqviT,
ganisazRvros prioritetebi da vadebi da daviwyoT,
realurad daviwyoT – Tundac sapensio-sadazRvevo
reformiT (gaviziaroT laTinuri amerikis qveynebis
gamocdileba).
gamoyenebuli literatura:
1. Keynes John M. The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. London, Palgrave Macmillan. 1936.
2. Campbell, C.D., R.G.Campball and E.G.Dolan. Money, Banking, and Monetary Policy, The Dry-den Press, 1988.
3. Friedman D. , Money & Banking, American Bankers Association, 1989.
4. ZnelaZe g. makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis gavlenis analizi mosaxleobis cxovrebis doneze –
socialuri politikis warmarTvis safuZveli, sskgc-s biuleteni #102, 2007 weli.
5. ZnelaZe g. finansuri usafrTxoeba – qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri stabilurobis aucilebeli
piroba, sskgc-s biuleteni #107, 2008 weli.
6. garayaniZe z. murRulia S. sainvesticio usafrTxoebis zogierTi problema saqarTveloSi. sskgc-s
biuleteni #107, 2008 weli.
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