2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...
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2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...

2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ... 2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...

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sicocxlis ufleba 95. Sesabamisad da konvenciis me-2 § 2 (b) muxlis Tanaxmad, kanonierad dakavebis legitimuri miznisaTvis adamianis sicocxlis safrTxeSi Cagdeba gamarTlebuli iqneboda mxolod absoluturi aucileblobis pirobebSi. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom amgvari aucilebloba principulad ar aris saxeze im SemTxvevaSi, roca aSkaraa, rom dasakavebeli piri ar qmnis safrTxes sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis da ar aris eWvmitanili ZalmomreobiTi danaSaulis CadenaSi, Tundac sasikvdilo Zalis gamouyeneblobam ganapirobos gaqceuli damnaSavis Sepyrobis SesaZleblobis dakargva (ix. sasamarTlos midgoma saqmeSi makqeni da sxvebi, zemoT citirebuli gv. 45-46, §§ 146-50 da gv. 56-62, §§ 192-214 da, ufro mogvianebiT, makaratzisis saqme, zemoT citirebuli §§ 64-66; aseve ix. sasamarTlos pozicia iaraRis gamoyenebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT SeuiaraRebeli da aramoZalade pirebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic cdilobdnen, daetovebinaT yofili germaniis demokratiuli respublika, gamoxatuli saqmeSi streleci, kesleri da krenci germaniis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 34044/96, 35532/97 da 44801/98, §§ 87, 96 da 97, ECHR 2001-II). 96. garda im garemoebebis gansazRvrisa, romelTa drosac SesaZlebelia, moxdes sicocxlis uflebis xelyofa, konvenciis me-2 muxli adgens saxelmwifos umTavres valdebulebas, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi da administraciuli sakanonmdeblo bazis amoqmedebiT, romlebic, relevanturi saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad, viwrod gansazRvraven im garemoebebs, romlebSic samarTaldamcavma organoebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon Zala an cecxlsasroli iaraRi (ix. makaraZisi, zemoT cit. §§ 57-59 da Sesabamisi nawili `gaeros ZiriTadi principebi Zalisa da cecxlsasroli iaraRis samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier gamoyenebis Sesaxeb~, 71-74 punqtebi. zemoaRniSnuli principebis me-2 muxlTan mkacri Sesabamisobis sakiTxebze ix. makkeni da sxvebi, zemoT cit. gv. 46, § 149). bralis gareSe pasuxismgeblobis principis Sesabamisad (romelic igulisxmeba me-2 muxlSi), SidasamarTlebrivi baza, romelic aregulirebs dakavebis operacias, unda ukavSirebdes cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebas saqmis garemoebebis frTxil Sefasebas da, gansakuTrebiT, gaqceuli damnaSavis mier Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTisa da im safrTxis Sefasebas, rasac igi qmnis. 97. ufro metic, erovnuli kanonmdebloba, romelic gansazRvravs sapolicio operaciebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, unda qmnides dacvis adekvatur da efeqtur garantiebs iaraRis TviTneburad da borotad gamoyenebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT da, agreTve, Tavidan acilebadi ubeduri SemTxvevis winaaRmdeg (ix. makaraZisi, zemoT cit. § 58). kerZod, samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromlebma unda gaiaron Sesabamisi momzadeba imis Sesafaseblad, Tu ramdenad aucilebelia iaraRis gamoyeneba ara marto maregulirebeli normis moTxovnaTa, aramed adamianis sicocxlis fundamenturi Rirebulebis gaTvaliswinebiT (ix. sasamarTlos kritika `sasikvdilo gasrolis~ instruqciebTan dakavSirebiT saqmeze makkeni da sxvebi, zemoT cit. gv. 61-62, §§ 211-214). (b) zemoaRniSnuli principebis gamoyeneba winamdebare saqmeSi 98. batonebi angelovi da petkovi mokles cecxlsasroli iaraRidan gasroliT samxedro policiis TanamSromlebma, romlebic cdilobdnen maT dapatimrebas, mas Semdeg, rac isini gamoiqcnen Tavisuflebis aRkveTis 74

naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg adgilidan. aqedan gamomdinare, saqme xvdeba konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis moqmedebis sferoSi. (i) Sesabamisi sasamarTlo farglebi 99. sasamarTlo gansakuTrebuli SeSfoTebiT SeniSnavs, rom samxedro policiis TanamSromlebs cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb SidasamarTlebrivi regulaciebi aZlevda uflebas, gamoeyenebinaT sasikvdilo Zala samxedro Zalebis wevris dapatimrebisas, Tundac Zalian mcire darRvevis gamo. aRniSnuli regulaciebi ar gamoqveynebula da isini ar Seicavdnen naTel miTiTebebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rogor unda yofiliyo Tavidan acilebuli sicocxlis warTmeva. aRniSnuli normebis Tanaxmad, kanonieri iyo sasikvdilo gasrola im piris mimarT, romelic dauyovnebliv ar daemorCileboda zepir gafrTxilebas da haerSi gamafrTxilebel gasrolas (ix. punqti 60). normebis arasruli xasiaTis naTeli ilustraciaa damkaveblebis mier iaraRis uyoymano gamoyenebis faqti da movlenaTa ganviTareba, romlebmac Sedegad gamoiRes batonebis angelovisa da petkovis sikvdili; aseve, gamomZiebeli organoebis pasuxi am movlenebze. sasamarTlo daubrundeba aRniSnul sakiTxebs mogvianebiT. 100. amgvari maregulirebeli baza fundamenturad Seusabamoa evropis Tanamedrove sazogadoebisTvis konvenciiT gansazRvruli sicocxlis uflebis `kanoniT~ dadgenil standartTan (ix. punqtebi 94-97, romlebSic saubaria regulirebis samarTlebriv farglebze). 101. marTalia, bulgareTis uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier dadginda, rom proporciuloba sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis organuli nawilia, magram aRniSnuli ganmarteba ar gavrcelda winamdebare saqmeze (ix. punqtebi 50-54). 102. amrigad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom mopasuxe mTavrobam daarRvia konvenciis me-2 muxliT nakisri valdebuleba, efeqturad daecva sicocxlis ufleba, ramdenadac ver uzrunvelyo, aemoqmedebina saTanado sakanonmdeblo da administraciuli baza samxedro policiis mier iaraRis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT. operaciis dagegmva da kontroli 103. palatam calke imsjela operaciis dagegmvis sakiTxebze. didi palata eTanxmeba palatis dadgenilebas imis Taobaze, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma daarRvies maTi valdebuleba sasikvdilo riskis minimalizaciis Taobaze, vinaidan Tavidanve misces instruqcia damkavebel oficrebs, yvela SesaZlebloba gamoeyenebinaT batonebis angelovisa da petkovis dasapatimreblad. amasTan, absoluturad ugulebelyofil iqna faqti, rom gaqceulebi iyvnen SeuiaraRebelni da safrTxes ar uqmnidnen sxvaTa sicocxles. rogorc palatam aRniSna (§ 110): `[A] gadamwyveti elementi dakavebis operaciis dagegmvisas . . . unda iyos xelmisawvdomi informaciis sruli analizi, maT Soris, rogorc absoluturi minimumi, analizi dasakavebeli piris mier Cadenili danaSaulis bunebisa da am pirisgan momavali safrTxis xarisxis Sesaxeb. sakiTxi, Tu rogor da ra garemoebebSi SeiZleba gamoiyenon gaqceuli 75

naCova da sxvebi bulgareTis winaaRmdeg<br />

adgilidan. aqedan gamomdinare, saqme xvdeba konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2<br />

punqtis moqmedebis sferoSi.<br />

(i) Sesabamisi sasamarTlo farglebi<br />

99. sasamarTlo gansakuTrebuli SeSfoTebiT SeniSnavs, rom samxedro<br />

policiis TanamSromlebs cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb<br />

SidasamarTlebrivi regulaciebi aZlevda uflebas, gamoeyenebinaT<br />

sasikvdilo Zala samxedro Zalebis wevris dapatimrebisas, Tundac Zalian<br />

mcire darRvevis gamo. aRniSnuli regulaciebi ar gamoqveynebula da<br />

isini ar Seicavdnen naTel miTiTebebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rogor unda<br />

yofiliyo Tavidan acilebuli sicocxlis warTmeva. aRniSnuli normebis<br />

Tanaxmad, kanonieri iyo sasikvdilo gasrola im piris mimarT, romelic<br />

dauyovnebliv ar daemorCileboda zepir gafrTxilebas da haerSi<br />

gamafrTxilebel gasrolas (ix. punqti 60). normebis arasruli xasiaTis<br />

naTeli ilustraciaa damkaveblebis mier iaraRis uyoymano gamoyenebis<br />

faqti da movlenaTa ganviTareba, romlebmac Sedegad gamoiRes batonebis<br />

angelovisa da petkovis sikvdili; aseve, gamomZiebeli organoebis pasuxi am<br />

movlenebze. sasamarTlo daubrundeba aRniSnul sakiTxebs mogvianebiT.<br />

100. amgvari maregulirebeli baza fundamenturad Seusabamoa evropis<br />

Tanamedrove sazogadoebisTvis konvenciiT gansazRvruli sicocxlis<br />

uflebis `kanoniT~ dadgenil standartTan (ix. punqtebi 94-97, romlebSic<br />

saubaria regulirebis samarTlebriv farglebze).<br />

101. marTalia, bulgareTis uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier dadginda, rom<br />

proporciuloba sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis organuli nawilia,<br />

magram aRniSnuli ganmarteba ar gavrcelda winamdebare saqmeze (ix.<br />

punqtebi 50-54).<br />

102. amrigad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom mopasuxe mTavrobam daarRvia<br />

konvenciis me-2 muxliT nakisri valdebuleba, efeqturad daecva<br />

sicocxlis ufleba, ramdenadac ver uzrunvelyo, aemoqmedebina saTanado<br />

sakanonmdeblo da administraciuli baza samxedro policiis mier iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

operaciis dagegmva da kontroli<br />

103. palatam calke imsjela operaciis dagegmvis sakiTxebze. didi<br />

palata eTanxmeba palatis dadgenilebas imis Taobaze, rom xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebma daarRvies maTi valdebuleba sasikvdilo riskis<br />

minimalizaciis Taobaze, vinaidan Tavidanve misces instruqcia damkavebel<br />

oficrebs, yvela SesaZlebloba gamoeyenebinaT batonebis angelovisa da<br />

petkovis dasapatimreblad. amasTan, absoluturad ugulebelyofil iqna<br />

faqti, rom gaqceulebi iyvnen SeuiaraRebelni da safrTxes ar uqmnidnen<br />

sxvaTa sicocxles. rogorc palatam aRniSna (§ 110):<br />

`[A] gadamwyveti elementi dakavebis operaciis dagegmvisas . . . unda<br />

iyos xelmisawvdomi informaciis sruli analizi, maT Soris, rogorc<br />

absoluturi minimumi, analizi dasakavebeli piris mier Cadenili<br />

danaSaulis bunebisa da am pirisgan momavali safrTxis xarisxis Sesaxeb.<br />

sakiTxi, Tu rogor da ra garemoebebSi SeiZleba gamoiyenon gaqceuli<br />

75

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