2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...
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2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...

2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ... 2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...

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sicocxlis ufleba 65. kidev erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori, romelic mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli, aris is, rom saberZneTSi im periodSi arsebuli klimati gamoirCeoda teroristuli qmedebebiT, romlebic mimarTuli iyo sagareo interesebis winaaRmdeg. magaliTad, jgufma, romelic cnobili iyo rogorc `17 noembris revoluciuri organizacia~ da daarsda 1975 wels, Caidina araerTi danaSauli 2002 wels mis darbevamde, maT Soris, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos TanamSromelTa mkvlelobebi (ix. zemoT punqti 26). am faqtorma da iman, rom ganmcxadebeli Ramis saaTebSi moZraobda aSS-is saelCos siaxloves, policielebs sababi misca, efiqraT, rom is Zalian did safrTxes qmnida. 66. Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo adgens, rom Seqmnili viTarebidan da safrTxidan gamomdinare, policias Seeqmna safuZveli, efiqra, rom arsebobda iaraRis gamoyenebis saWiroeba manqanis gaCerebisa da ganmcxadeblis mxridan SesaZlo safrTxis neitralizebisaTvis da ara, ubralod, im mZRolis gasaCereblad, romelmac wiTel Suqze gaiara. aqedan gamomdinare, miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc mogvianebiT aRmoCnda, ganmcxadebeli ar iyo SeiaraRebuli da arc teroristi, policielebi moqmedebdnen keTilsindisieri miznebiT, rodesac mimarTes Zalis gamoyenebas misi dakavebisa da ganeitralebis mizniT. sxvagvarad saqmis gadawyveta albaT SeboWavda saxelmwifosa da samarTaldamcav organoebs ararealuri valdebulebiT sakuTari movaleobebis Sesrulebisas, rac gamoiwvevda maTi da sxvaTa sicocxlis safrTxeSi Cagdebas (ix. zemoT citirebuli makqeni da sxvebi, gv. 58-59, § 200). 67. miuxedavad imisa, rom winamdebare saqmeSi sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba arsebul garemoebebSi SeiZleba konvenciis me-2 muxliT dadgenil standartebTan Sesabamisad CaiTvalos, sasamarTlo SeSfoTebulia cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis qaoturi xasiaTiT. gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom ganmcxadeblis mimarT gasrola ganaxorciela ganusazRvreli raodenobis policielma revolverebidan, pistoletebidan da cecxlsasroli avtomaturi iaraRidan. manqanaze _ mZRolis doneze da horizontalur sibrtyeze _ aRiniSna cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sedegad warmoSobili 16 naxvreti. sami xvreli da raRac niSani aRiniSneboda saqare minaze, Caimsxvra ukana fanjarac (ix. zemoT punqti 14). amis Sedegad, naTeli xdeba, rom didi raodenobiT policielma monawileoba miiRo ganmcxadeblis sruliad ukontrolo dakavebis operaciaSi. 68. seriozuli kiTxva daismis operaciis organizebisa da ganxorcielebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. policielTa nawils instruqcia mieca sakontrolo centridan, danarCenebi ki, ubralod, sakuTari gumaniT moqmedebdnen kolegebis daxmarebis mizniT, Tanac yovelgvari instruqciis gareSe. mkveTri instruqciis ararsebobam gazarda iaraRis ukontrolo gamoyenebis riski. 69. sasamarTlo ver datovebs yuradRebis gareSe im faqts, rom ganmcxadebeli daiWra daugegmavi operaciis Sedegad, rodesac policielebi moqmedebdnen yovelgvari winaswari momzadebis gareSe. im sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac axlavs Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi policiis funqciebis Sesrulebas, adamianis qcevis araprognozirebadobas da operaciis dros prioritetebisa da resursebis Sesabamisad arCevanis gakeTebas, pozitiuri valdebuleba ise unda ganimartos, rom xelisuflebisgan SeuZlebeli ar 66

makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg iqnes moTxovnili (ix, a contrario, rehboki sloveniis winaaRmdeg, no. 29462/95, §§ 71-72, ECHR 2000-XII). (ix, mutatis mutandis, mahmut kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 22535/93, § 86, ECHR 2000-III). 70. miuxedavad imisa, rom operaciaSi Cabmul policielebs ar hqondaT sakmarisi dro mdgomareobis sruli Sefasebisa da operaciis frTxili dagegmvisaTvis, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom viTarebis aseTi degeneracia, rasac Tavad zogierTi policiis oficeri uwodebda qaoturs (ix. magaliTad, b-n manoliadisis Cveneba _ zemoT, punqti 17), metwilad imis gamo moxda, rom operaciaSi Cabmuli calkeuli pirebi da mdevarTa gundi koleqtiurad ver flobdnen struqturirebuli operaciis warmoebis unars. arada, adgilobrivi samarTliT da praqtikiT, amgvari ram winaswar unda yofiliyo gansazRvruli. sinamdvileSi, sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom 1995 wels, rodesac aRniSnul movlenas hqonda adgili, kanoni, romelic demokratiuli sazogadoebisaTvis Seuferebeli da dromoWmuli iyo, jer kidev aregulirebda saxelmwifo warmomadgenelTa mxridan iaraRis gamoyenebas. aRniSnuli sistema ar aZlevda samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebs mSvidobian dros iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebis zust kriteriumebs da instruqcias. aRniSnul pirobebSi gardauvali iyo, rom policias hqonoda ufro meti avtonomia _ Tavad ganesazRvra iaraRis gamoyenebis aucilebloba, vidre Sesabamisi da adekvaturi momzadebisa Tu instruqtaJis SemTxvevaSi. naTeli miTiTebebis ararsebobis gamoxatulebaa swored is faqti, rom operaciaSi monawileobas iRebda ganusazRvreli raodenobis policieli yovelgvari komandirebis gareSe. 71. zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo adgens, rom, vinaidan saqme exeboda konvenciis 2 § 1 muxlis pirvel winadadebaSi gamoxatul pozitiur valdebulebas Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi bazis amoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT saberZneTis mTavroba ver uzrunvelyofda, potenciurad sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebisagan daecva Tavisi moqalaqeebi da, gansakuTrebiT, ganmcxadeblis msgavsi pirebi (ix. mutatis mutandis, osmani, zemoT citirebuli gv. 3160, § 116 in fine). 72. Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli iyo konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevis msxverpli am safuZvliT. am daskvnis gaTvaliswinebiT, aucilebeli ar aris, ganxorcielebuli sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi moqmedebebi ganxilul iqnes konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis WrilSi. 4. savaraudo araadekvaturi gamoZiebis Sesaxeb 73. konvenciis me-2 muxliT gansazRvruli valdebuleba ikiTxeba amave konvenciis pirveli muxliT saxelmwifoze dakisrebul ZiriTad valdebulebasTan: `daicvas konvenciiT dadgenili yvela ufleba da Tavisufleba sakuTari iurisdiqciis farglebSi.~ aRniSnuli miuTiTebs, rom qveyanaSi unda arsebobdes raime formis efeqturi gamoZieba, romelsac SeeZleba, naTeli mohfinos piris sikvdilis faqts, romelic dadga Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad (ix. jakici TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 23657/94, § 86, ECHR 1999-IV). aRniSnuli gamoZiebis ZiriTadi mizania, daicvas kanonmdeblobiT sicocxlis uflebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis dadgenili garantiebi da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sikvdilis dadgomaSi monawileoba miiRes saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma an xelisuflebis organoebma, uzrunvelyos pasuxismgebloba damdgari Sedegis gamo (ix. angelova bulgareTis 67

makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg<br />

iqnes moTxovnili (ix, a contrario, rehboki sloveniis winaaRmdeg, no. 29462/95,<br />

§§ 71-72, ECHR 2000-XII). (ix, mutatis mutandis, mahmut kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg,<br />

no. 22535/93, § 86, ECHR 2000-III).<br />

70. miuxedavad imisa, rom operaciaSi Cabmul policielebs ar hqondaT<br />

sakmarisi dro mdgomareobis sruli Sefasebisa da operaciis frTxili<br />

dagegmvisaTvis, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom viTarebis aseTi degeneracia,<br />

rasac Tavad zogierTi policiis oficeri uwodebda qaoturs (ix.<br />

magaliTad, b-n manoliadisis Cveneba _ zemoT, punqti 17), metwilad imis<br />

gamo moxda, rom operaciaSi Cabmuli calkeuli pirebi da mdevarTa gundi<br />

koleqtiurad ver flobdnen struqturirebuli operaciis warmoebis<br />

unars. arada, adgilobrivi samarTliT da praqtikiT, amgvari ram winaswar<br />

unda yofiliyo gansazRvruli. sinamdvileSi, sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom<br />

1995 wels, rodesac aRniSnul movlenas hqonda adgili, kanoni, romelic<br />

demokratiuli sazogadoebisaTvis Seuferebeli da dromoWmuli iyo,<br />

jer kidev aregulirebda saxelmwifo warmomadgenelTa mxridan iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebas. aRniSnuli sistema ar aZlevda samarTaldamcavi organoebis<br />

warmomadgenlebs mSvidobian dros iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebis zust<br />

kriteriumebs da instruqcias. aRniSnul pirobebSi gardauvali iyo, rom<br />

policias hqonoda ufro meti avtonomia _ Tavad ganesazRvra iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebis aucilebloba, vidre Sesabamisi da adekvaturi momzadebisa Tu<br />

instruqtaJis SemTxvevaSi. naTeli miTiTebebis ararsebobis gamoxatulebaa<br />

swored is faqti, rom operaciaSi monawileobas iRebda ganusazRvreli<br />

raodenobis policieli yovelgvari komandirebis gareSe.<br />

71. zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo adgens, rom, vinaidan<br />

saqme exeboda konvenciis 2 § 1 muxlis pirvel winadadebaSi gamoxatul<br />

pozitiur valdebulebas Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi bazis amoqmedebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT saberZneTis mTavroba ver uzrunvelyofda, potenciurad<br />

sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebisagan daecva Tavisi moqalaqeebi da,<br />

gansakuTrebiT, ganmcxadeblis msgavsi pirebi (ix. mutatis mutandis, osmani,<br />

zemoT citirebuli gv. 3160, § 116 in fine).<br />

72. Sesabamisad, ganmcxadebeli iyo konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevis<br />

msxverpli am safuZvliT. am daskvnis gaTvaliswinebiT, aucilebeli ar<br />

aris, ganxorcielebuli sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi moqmedebebi ganxilul<br />

iqnes konvenciis me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis WrilSi.<br />

4. savaraudo araadekvaturi gamoZiebis Sesaxeb<br />

73. konvenciis me-2 muxliT gansazRvruli valdebuleba ikiTxeba<br />

amave konvenciis pirveli muxliT saxelmwifoze dakisrebul ZiriTad<br />

valdebulebasTan: `daicvas konvenciiT dadgenili yvela ufleba da<br />

Tavisufleba sakuTari iurisdiqciis farglebSi.~ aRniSnuli miuTiTebs,<br />

rom qveyanaSi unda arsebobdes raime formis efeqturi gamoZieba,<br />

romelsac SeeZleba, naTeli mohfinos piris sikvdilis faqts, romelic<br />

dadga Zalis gamoyenebis Sedegad (ix. jakici TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no.<br />

23657/94, § 86, ECHR 1999-IV). aRniSnuli gamoZiebis ZiriTadi mizania, daicvas<br />

kanonmdeblobiT sicocxlis uflebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis dadgenili<br />

garantiebi da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sikvdilis dadgomaSi monawileoba miiRes<br />

saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma an xelisuflebis organoebma, uzrunvelyos<br />

pasuxismgebloba damdgari Sedegis gamo (ix. angelova bulgareTis<br />

67

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