2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...
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2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...

2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ... 2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...

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sicocxlis ufleba 3. saxelmwifos mier pozitiuri valdebulebis savaraudo Seusrulebloba _ kanoniT daecva sicocxlis ufleba 56. konvenciis me-2 muxli, romelic icavs sicocxlis uflebas da adgens garemoebebs, romlis drosac misi Selaxva SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos, konvenciis erT-erTi yvelaze fundamenturi normaa, romlisgan gadaxveva yovlad dauSvebelia (ix. velikova bulgareTis winaaRmdeg, no. 41488/98, § 68, ECHR 2000-VI). me-3 muxlTan erTad is warmoadgens demokratiuli sazogadoebebis erT-erT uZiriTades Rirebulebas. garemoebebi, romelTa drosac sicocxlis uflebis Selaxva SeiZleba gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos, unda ganimartos Zalian SezRudulad (ix. salmani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 21986/93, § 97, ECHR 2000-VII). konvenciis amocana da mizania individTa dacva, amitomac is iTxovs, me-2 muxli gamoyenebul da ganmartebul iqnes imgvarad, rom mis mier dadgenili dacvis garantiebi iyos efeqturi da praqtikuli (ix. makqeni da sxvebi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1995 wlis 27 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, seriebi A no. 324, gv. 45-46, §§ 146-47). 57. me-2 § 1 muxlis pirveli winadadeba saxelmwifos avaldebulebs, ara marto Tavi Seikavos sicocxlis ganzraxi da ukanono xelyofisagan, aramed daadginos dacvis iseTi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi garantiebi, romlebic misi iurisdiqciis farglebSi daicaven adamianTa sicocxles (ix. keliji TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 22492/93, § 62, ECHR 2000-III). aRniSnuli moicavs saxelmwifos upirveles valdebulebas, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba saTanado administraciuli da samarTlebrivi bazis amoqmedebiT, raTa aRkveTos pirovnebis winaaRmdeg Cadenili danaSaulis faqtebi. aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo baza aRsruldeba samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier warmodgenili meqanizmiT danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis, gamoaSkaravebisa da msgavsi darRvevis gamo dasjis uzrunvelsayofad. 58. rogorc me-2 muxlis teqsti aCvenebs, sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba policielTa mier SeiZleba gamarTldes mxolod garkveul garemoebebSi. miuxedavad amisa, me-2 muxli ar iZleva carte blanche SesaZleblobas. saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mier Cadenili dauregulirebeli da TviTneburi qmedebebi SeuTavsebelia adamianis uflebaTa efeqtur dacvasTan. aRniSnuli gulisxmobs, rom policiis operaciebi da piris qmedebebi, romelsac, kanonis mixedviT, aqvs iaraRis gamoyenebis ufleba, kanoniT sakmarisad unda iyos daregulirebuli ise, rom arsebobdes Zalis TviTneburi gamoyenebisagan adekvaturi da efeqturi dacva (ix, mutatis mutandis, hilda halfStainsdotiri islandiis winaaRmdeg, 2004 wlis 8 ivnisis gadawyvetileba; aseve, ix. adamianis uflebaTa komiteti, ZiriTadi komentari, n.6, muxli 6, me-16 sesia (1982) § 3). 59. zemoTqmulis da demokratiul sazogadoebaSi me-2 muxliT daculi uflebis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlom aRniSnuli sakiTxi unda dauqvemdebaros Zalian detalur ganxilvas da mxedvelobaSi miiRos ara marto saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa qmedeba, romlebmac moaxdines iaraRis gamoyenebis administrireba, aramed saqmesTan dakavSirebuli yvela garemoeba, maT Soris, dakavebis operaciis dagegmvisa da kontrolirebis sakiTxebi (ix. zemoT citirebuli makqani da sxvebi, gv. 46, § 150). amasTan dakavSirebiT, unda aRiniSnos, rom policiis TanamSromlebi TavianTi movaleobis Sesrulebisas ar unda moqmedebdnen saregulacio vakuumis pirobebSi operaciis dagegmvis, ganxorcielebis an spontanurad wamowyebuli operaciis dros warmoqmnili saSiSroebis 64

makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg aRkveTis mizniT: administraciuli da sakanonmdeblo baza Zalian zustad unda gansazRvravdes, Tu rodis SeuZliaT samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebs Zalis an cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad (ix. mag. `gaeros Zalisa da cecxlsasroli iaraRis principebi~ _ punqtebi 30-32). 60. am mimarTebiT sasamarTlom unda ganixilos ara marto sakiTxi, iyo Tu ara ganmcxadeblis mimarT potenciurad sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba legitimuri, aramed isic, daigegma da regulirdeboda Tu ara operacia ise, rom momxdariyo sasikvdilo Sedegis maqsimaluri minimalizacia. 61. saberZneTis mTavrobam, uTiTebda ra kanons 3169/2003, romelic bolo periodSi miiRes saberZneTSi, warmoadgina policielTa mier iaraRis gamoyenebisa da maTi momzadebis samarTlebrivi bazis mimoxilva da aRniSna, rom is Seesabameboda saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebs (ix. paragrafebi 25 da 27). 62. Tumca, im dros, rodesac aRniSnuli movlenebi ganixileboda, moqmedebda kanoni no. 29/1943, romelic meore msoflios omis periodSi germaniis jarebis mier saberZneTis okupaciisas miiRes (ix. zemoT punqti 25). xsenebuli kanoni ayalibebda Zalian vrcel CamonaTvals garemoebebisa, romelTa drosac policielebs hqondaT iaraRis gamoyenebis ufleba. prezidentis 1991 wlis brZanebulebiT, policielebs miecaT 1943 wlis kanoniT gansazRvrul pirobebSi iaraRis gamoyenebis ufleba, Tumca, mxolod `maSin, rodesac es absolutur aucileblobas warmoadgens da rodesac sxva naklebad eqstremalurma meTodebma Sedegi ver gamoiRo~ (ix. zemoT punqti 25). saberZneTis kanonmdebloba ar Seicavda raime sxva debulebas, romelic konkretulad gansazRvravda iaraRis gamoyenebis sakiTxebsa da proceduras policielTaTvis. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, saberZneTSi arsebuli dacvis samarTlebrivi baza ver CaiTvleba evropis demokratiul sazogadoebebSi arsebul sicocxlis uflebis `kanoniT~ dacvis moTxovnebTan Sesabamisad. 63. aRniSnuli daskvna saberZneTis kanonmdeblobasTan dakavSirebiT dadasturda saqmis mosmenis dros warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT da dadginda, rom gansaxilveli periodisTvis, kerZod ki, sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis dros, saberZneTis samarTlebrivi da administraciuli baza iyo swored aseTi. 64. ubrundeba ra saqmis garemoebebs, sasamarTlo exmianeba saberZneTis adgilobrivi sasamarTlos mier dadgenil faqtebs, rom ganmcxadebeli aTenis centrSi manqanas gansakuTrebiT gadaWarbebuli siswrafiT marTavda, rac safrTxes uqmnida garSemomyofi mSvidobiani moqalaqeebisa da policiis TanamSromlebis sicocxles. Sesabamisad, policia uflebamosili da valdebuli iyo, emoqmeda saxifaTo obieqtis qmedebis aRsakveTad. misi gaCerebis mizniT, uSedegod iqna gamoyenebuli alternatiuli saSualebebi. ufro metic, policielebi, romlebic ganmcxadebels misdevdnen, sakontrolo centridan informirebulni iyvnen imis Sesaxeb, rom SesaZlebelia ganmcxadebeli yofiliyo SeiaraRebuli da saSiSi. maT aseve sjerodaT, rom moqmedebebi, romlebic ganmcxadebelma manqanis gaCerebis Semdeg ganaxorciela, miuTiTebda imaze, rom is SeiaraRebuli iyo (ix. zemoT braldebuli policielebis mowmis Cvenebani, punqti 17; da b-n ventourisa da b-n davarias gancxadebebi, punqti 18). 65

makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg<br />

aRkveTis mizniT: administraciuli da sakanonmdeblo baza Zalian zustad<br />

unda gansazRvravdes, Tu rodis SeuZliaT samarTaldamcavi organoebis<br />

warmomadgenlebs Zalis an cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyeneba saerTaSoriso<br />

standartebis Sesabamisad (ix. mag. `gaeros Zalisa da cecxlsasroli<br />

iaraRis principebi~ _ punqtebi 30-32).<br />

60. am mimarTebiT sasamarTlom unda ganixilos ara marto sakiTxi, iyo<br />

Tu ara ganmcxadeblis mimarT potenciurad sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyeneba<br />

legitimuri, aramed isic, daigegma da regulirdeboda Tu ara operacia<br />

ise, rom momxdariyo sasikvdilo Sedegis maqsimaluri minimalizacia.<br />

61. saberZneTis mTavrobam, uTiTebda ra kanons 3169/2003, romelic bolo<br />

periodSi miiRes saberZneTSi, warmoadgina policielTa mier iaraRis<br />

gamoyenebisa da maTi momzadebis samarTlebrivi bazis mimoxilva da<br />

aRniSna, rom is Seesabameboda saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebs (ix.<br />

paragrafebi 25 da 27).<br />

62. Tumca, im dros, rodesac aRniSnuli movlenebi ganixileboda,<br />

moqmedebda kanoni no. 29/1943, romelic meore msoflios omis periodSi<br />

germaniis jarebis mier saberZneTis okupaciisas miiRes (ix. zemoT punqti<br />

25). xsenebuli kanoni ayalibebda Zalian vrcel CamonaTvals garemoebebisa,<br />

romelTa drosac policielebs hqondaT iaraRis gamoyenebis ufleba.<br />

prezidentis 1991 wlis brZanebulebiT, policielebs miecaT 1943 wlis<br />

kanoniT gansazRvrul pirobebSi iaraRis gamoyenebis ufleba, Tumca,<br />

mxolod `maSin, rodesac es absolutur aucileblobas warmoadgens da<br />

rodesac sxva naklebad eqstremalurma meTodebma Sedegi ver gamoiRo~<br />

(ix. zemoT punqti 25). saberZneTis kanonmdebloba ar Seicavda raime sxva<br />

debulebas, romelic konkretulad gansazRvravda iaraRis gamoyenebis<br />

sakiTxebsa da proceduras policielTaTvis. amis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

saberZneTSi arsebuli dacvis samarTlebrivi baza ver CaiTvleba evropis<br />

demokratiul sazogadoebebSi arsebul sicocxlis uflebis `kanoniT~<br />

dacvis moTxovnebTan Sesabamisad.<br />

63. aRniSnuli daskvna saberZneTis kanonmdeblobasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

dadasturda saqmis mosmenis dros warmodgenili mtkicebulebebiT da<br />

dadginda, rom gansaxilveli periodisTvis, kerZod ki, sasikvdilo Zalis<br />

gamoyenebis dros, saberZneTis samarTlebrivi da administraciuli baza<br />

iyo swored aseTi.<br />

64. ubrundeba ra saqmis garemoebebs, sasamarTlo exmianeba saberZneTis<br />

adgilobrivi sasamarTlos mier dadgenil faqtebs, rom ganmcxadebeli<br />

aTenis centrSi manqanas gansakuTrebiT gadaWarbebuli siswrafiT marTavda,<br />

rac safrTxes uqmnida garSemomyofi mSvidobiani moqalaqeebisa da<br />

policiis TanamSromlebis sicocxles. Sesabamisad, policia uflebamosili<br />

da valdebuli iyo, emoqmeda saxifaTo obieqtis qmedebis aRsakveTad.<br />

misi gaCerebis mizniT, uSedegod iqna gamoyenebuli alternatiuli<br />

saSualebebi. ufro metic, policielebi, romlebic ganmcxadebels<br />

misdevdnen, sakontrolo centridan informirebulni iyvnen imis Sesaxeb,<br />

rom SesaZlebelia ganmcxadebeli yofiliyo SeiaraRebuli da saSiSi. maT<br />

aseve sjerodaT, rom moqmedebebi, romlebic ganmcxadebelma manqanis<br />

gaCerebis Semdeg ganaxorciela, miuTiTebda imaze, rom is SeiaraRebuli<br />

iyo (ix. zemoT braldebuli policielebis mowmis Cvenebani, punqti 17; da<br />

b-n ventourisa da b-n davarias gancxadebebi, punqti 18).<br />

65

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