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2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...

2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ... 2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...

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sicocxlis ufleba 47. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom igi ganixilavs metad urTierTsawinaaRmdego faqtTa erTobliobas, romlebic ukavSirdeba ganmcxadeblis dakavebis operaciasa da dapatimrebas. ufro metic, is acxadebs, rom ar iyo gamovlenili is piri Tu pirebi, romlebmac cecxlsasroli iaraRidan gasroliT daWres ganmcxadebeli. sasamarTlo aucileblad ar miiCnevs, gadaamowmos yvela faqti saqmis saerTo suraTis warmosaxvisaTvis. igi aRniSnavs, rom am saqmis faqtebi ukve ganixila adgilobrivma sasamarTlom (ix. zemoT punqti 19). Sesabamisad, strasburgSi ar warmoudgeniaT raime dokumenti, romelic kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayenebda aTenis sisxlis samarTlis pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier dadgenil faqtebs da aiZulebda sasamarTlos (aq igulisxmeba evrosasamarTlo), uari eTqva am faqtebze (ix. klasi germaniis winaaRmdeg, 1993 wlis 22 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, seria A no. 269, gv. 17-18, § 30). 48. Sesabamisad, miuxedavad imisa, rom garkveuli faqtebi ar aris mkveTrad warmosaxuli, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom saqmeSi moipoveba sakmarisi faqtobrivi da mtkicebulebiTi maragi, romlis safuZvelzec sasamarTlos SeeZleba, Seafasos saqme, romlis sayrdenad, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, gamoiyenebs erovnuli sasamarTlos mier dadgenil garemoebebs. 2. konvenciis me-2 muxlis gamoyeneba 49. winamdebare saqmeSi ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli Zala ar aRmoCnda sasikvdilo. Tumca, es ar gamoricxavs ganmcxadeblis saCivris ganxilvas konvenciis me-2 muxlTan mimarTebiT, romlis teqsti iZleva misi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas ara mxolod ganzraxi mkvlelobisas, aramed iseTi Zalis gamoyenebisas, romelsac SeeZlo gamoewvia sikvdili, rogorc sicocxlis uflebis Selaxvis arapirdapiri Sedegi (ix. ilhani TurqeTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 22277/93, § 75, ECHR 2000-VII). sasamarTlos adrec ganuxilavs saqmeebi, sadac darRvevis savaraudo msxverpli ar daRupula sadao qmedebis Sedegad. 50. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlom ukve aRniSna, rom konvenciis me-2 § 1 muxlis pirveli winadadebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos ekisreba pozitiuri valdebuleba, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba mesame pirTa Carevis an sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi zianis miyenebisagan (ix. osmani gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 28 oqtombris gadawyvetileba, gadawyvetilebaTa angariSebi 1998-VIII, gv. 3159-63, §§ 115-22; iasa TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 2 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-VI, gv. 2436-41, §§ 92-108; da el.si.bi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 8 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-III, gv. 1403-04, §§ 36-41). 51. meore mxriv, sasamarTlo precedenti adgens, rom mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba, saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mxridan cudma mopyrobam, romelic ar sruldeba sasikvdilo SedegiT, gamoiwvios darRvevis ganxilva konvenciis me-2 muxlis WrilSi. cnobilia, rom im pirTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, romlebic CarTulni iyvnen Zalis gamoyenebis sadavo qmedebaSi, sasamarTlos winaSe ganxilvis sagans ar warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, Zalis gamoyenebis xarisxi da forma, agreTve, Zalis gamoyenebis ganzraxva da mizani sxva dakavSirebul garemoebebTan erTad SeiZleba aRmoCndes mniSvnelovani imis Sefasebisas, iyo Tu ara saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa qmedeba imdenad saSiSi da 62

makaraZisi saberZneTis winaaRmdeg realuri sasikvdilo Sedegis dadgomisaTvis, rom is ganxilul iqnes konvenciis me-2 muxliT uzrunvelyofili garantiebis farglebSi, am muxlis miznebidan gamomdinare. TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac piri xdeba Zaladobrivi Tavdasxmis an araadamianuri mopyrobis msxverpli policielTa an jariskacTa mxridan, saCivari, savaraudod, ganixileba konvenciis me-3 muxlis konteqstSi (ix. zemoT citirebuli ilhani, § 76). 52. sasamarTlom winamdebare saqmeSi unda daadginos, iyo Tu ara ganmcxadeblis mimarT Zalis gamoyeneba potenciurad sasikvdilo da miiRes Tu ara saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebma yvela zoma imisaTvis, raTa daecvaT ara marto fizikuri xelSeuxebloba, aramed sicocxlis uflebiT garantirebuli interesebi. 53. cnobilia, rom ganmcxadebels mosdevda Zalian bevri policiis TanamSromeli, romlebmac mis mimarT araerTxel gamoiyenes revolverebi, pistoletebi da avtomaturi cecxlsasroli iaraRi. sasamarTloSi wardgenili masalebidan irkveva, rom policiam iaraRi gamoiyena ganmcxadeblis manqanis gaCerebisa da misi dapatimrebis mizniT, rasac gansazRvravs kidec konvenciis me-2 punqti, rogorc SezRudvis erT-erT SesaZlebel samarTlebriv safuZvels. vinaidan me-3 muxlic ganxilvis sagania, unda aRiniSnos, rom dakavebis operaciis arc erT etapze policielTa mizani ar yofila misTvis tkivilis miyeneba an damamcirebeli da Rirsebis Semlaxveli damokidebuleba (ix. ilaSku da sxvebi moldaveTisa da ruseTis winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 48787/99, §§ 425-28, ECHR 2004-VII). kerZod, sasamarTlo sarwmunod ver miiCnevs ganmcxadeblis mtkicebas, rom mas fexSi esroles manqanidan gadmoyvanis Semdeg (ix. zemoT punqti 12). 54. sasamarTlo iTvaliswinebs mTavrobis arguments, rom policias ar hqonda ganmcxadeblis mokvlis mizani. Tumca, SeniSnavs, rom ganmcxadeblis gadarCena mxolod bednieri SemTxvevis Sedegi iyo. balistikuri eqspertizis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, manqanaze _ mZRolis doneze da horizontalur sibrtyeze _ aRiniSna 16 naxvreti, warmoSobili cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebis Sedegad, sami xvreli da, aseve, dazianeba saqare minaze, romelic aRniSnuli zemoqmedebis Sedegad Caimsxvra. da bolos, ganmcxadebeli daiWra marjvena xelSi, marcxena fexSi, marcxena sajdomsa da gulmkerdis marjvena mxares, ris Semdeg 9 dRis ganmavlobaSi hospitalizirebuli iyo (ix. zemoT me-12 da me-14 punqtebi). dazianebebis seriozuloba ar gamxdara kamaTis sagani. 55. zemoaRniSnuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, kerZod ki, gamoyenebuli Zalisa da formis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo adgens, rom, imisda miuxedavad, hqonda Tu ara policias ganmcxadeblis mokvlis ganzraxva, es ukanaskneli gaxda iseTi RonisZiebis msxverpli, romelmac aSkara riskis qveS daayena misi sicocxle. Sesabamisad, winamdebare saqmeSi konvenciis me-2 muxlis gamoyeneba misaRebia. ufro metic, ganmcxadeblis mimarT gamoyenebuli Zalis formisa da xarisxis, aseve, saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebis mier ganxorcielebuli sadavo qmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom aRniSnuli faqtebi unda ganixilos konvenciis me-2 muxlis WrilSi. 63

sicocxlis ufleba<br />

47. sasamarTlo SeniSnavs, rom igi ganixilavs metad urTierTsawinaaRmdego<br />

faqtTa erTobliobas, romlebic ukavSirdeba ganmcxadeblis dakavebis<br />

operaciasa da dapatimrebas. ufro metic, is acxadebs, rom ar iyo<br />

gamovlenili is piri Tu pirebi, romlebmac cecxlsasroli iaraRidan<br />

gasroliT daWres ganmcxadebeli. sasamarTlo aucileblad ar miiCnevs,<br />

gadaamowmos yvela faqti saqmis saerTo suraTis warmosaxvisaTvis. igi<br />

aRniSnavs, rom am saqmis faqtebi ukve ganixila adgilobrivma sasamarTlom<br />

(ix. zemoT punqti 19). Sesabamisad, strasburgSi ar warmoudgeniaT raime<br />

dokumenti, romelic kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayenebda aTenis sisxlis<br />

samarTlis pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier dadgenil faqtebs da<br />

aiZulebda sasamarTlos (aq igulisxmeba evrosasamarTlo), uari eTqva<br />

am faqtebze (ix. klasi germaniis winaaRmdeg, 1993 wlis 22 seqtembris<br />

gadawyvetileba, seria A no. 269, gv. 17-18, § 30).<br />

48. Sesabamisad, miuxedavad imisa, rom garkveuli faqtebi ar aris mkveTrad<br />

warmosaxuli, sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom saqmeSi moipoveba sakmarisi<br />

faqtobrivi da mtkicebulebiTi maragi, romlis safuZvelzec sasamarTlos<br />

SeeZleba, Seafasos saqme, romlis sayrdenad, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,<br />

gamoiyenebs erovnuli sasamarTlos mier dadgenil garemoebebs.<br />

2. konvenciis me-2 muxlis gamoyeneba<br />

49. winamdebare saqmeSi ganmcxadeblis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli Zala ar<br />

aRmoCnda sasikvdilo. Tumca, es ar gamoricxavs ganmcxadeblis saCivris<br />

ganxilvas konvenciis me-2 muxlTan mimarTebiT, romlis teqsti iZleva misi<br />

gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas ara mxolod ganzraxi mkvlelobisas, aramed<br />

iseTi Zalis gamoyenebisas, romelsac SeeZlo gamoewvia sikvdili, rogorc<br />

sicocxlis uflebis Selaxvis arapirdapiri Sedegi (ix. ilhani TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg [GC], no. 22277/93, § 75, ECHR 2000-VII). sasamarTlos adrec<br />

ganuxilavs saqmeebi, sadac darRvevis savaraudo msxverpli ar daRupula<br />

sadao qmedebis Sedegad.<br />

50. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sasamarTlom ukve aRniSna, rom konvenciis<br />

me-2 § 1 muxlis pirveli winadadebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifos ekisreba<br />

pozitiuri valdebuleba, daicvas sicocxlis ufleba mesame pirTa Carevis<br />

an sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi zianis miyenebisagan (ix. osmani gaerTianebuli<br />

samefos winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 28 oqtombris gadawyvetileba,<br />

gadawyvetilebaTa angariSebi 1998-VIII, gv. 3159-63, §§ 115-22; iasa TurqeTis<br />

winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 2 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-VI, gv.<br />

2436-41, §§ 92-108; da el.si.bi gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis<br />

8 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, angariSebi 1998-III, gv. 1403-04, §§ 36-41).<br />

51. meore mxriv, sasamarTlo precedenti adgens, rom mxolod gamonaklis<br />

SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba, saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa mxridan cudma<br />

mopyrobam, romelic ar sruldeba sasikvdilo SedegiT, gamoiwvios<br />

darRvevis ganxilva konvenciis me-2 muxlis WrilSi. cnobilia, rom im<br />

pirTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba, romlebic CarTulni<br />

iyvnen Zalis gamoyenebis sadavo qmedebaSi, sasamarTlos winaSe ganxilvis<br />

sagans ar warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, Zalis gamoyenebis xarisxi da<br />

forma, agreTve, Zalis gamoyenebis ganzraxva da mizani sxva dakavSirebul<br />

garemoebebTan erTad SeiZleba aRmoCndes mniSvnelovani imis Sefasebisas,<br />

iyo Tu ara saxelmwifos warmomadgenelTa qmedeba imdenad saSiSi da<br />

62

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