2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...
2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ... 2008, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia ...
sicocxlis ufleba klinikuri daskvnebi, sikvdilis gamomwvevi mizezis CaTvliT (gvamis gakveTasTan dakavSirebiT, mag. ix. zemoT, salmanis saqme, § 106; mowmeebTan dakavSirebiT, mag. tanrikulu TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 23763/94, § 109, ECHR 1999-IV; da sasamarTlo eqspertizasTan dakavSirebiT, mag. guli TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 22676/93, § 89, 2000 wlis 14 dekembris gadawyvetileba /gadawyvetilebebis krebulSi gamoqveynebuli ar aris/). gamoZiebis nebismieri xarvezi, romelic akninebs mis unars, daadginos sikvdilis gamomwvevi mizezi an gamoavlinos pasuxismgebeli piri, qmnis risks, rom ganxorcielebuli gamoZieba standartis Seusabamo iqneba. 114. dauyovneblobisa da gonivruli siswrafis moTxovna TavisTavad igulisxmeba am konteqstSi (ix. iaSa TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, 1998 wlis 2 seqtembris gadawyvetileba, moxsenebebi 1998-VI, gv. 2439-40, §§ 102-04; Cakijis saqme, cit. zemoT, §§ 80, 87 da 106; tanrikulus saqme, citata zemoT, § 109; da mahmud kaia TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, no. 22535/93, §§ 106-07, ECHR 2000-III). dasaSvebi unda iyos, rom nebismier konkretul situaciaSi SeiZleba arsebobdes gamoZiebis mimdinareobis damabrkolebeli da xelSemSleli faqtorebi. Tumca, xelisuflebis mier sasikvdilo Zalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebis gamoZiebaze dauyovneblivi reagireba, zogadad, SeiZleba aRqmuli iqnes, rogorc sazogadoebis ndobis erT-erTi mTavari faqtori, ramac sazogadoeba unda daarwmunos, rom xelisufleba kanonis uzenaesobis erTgulia da ibrZvis ukanono qmedebebisadmi Semgueblobis winaaRmdeg. 115. amave mizniT, unda arsebobdes gamoZiebasa an mis Sedegebze sazogadoebrivi kontrolis qmediTi elementi, raTa uzrunvelyofili iqnes angariSvaldebuleba rogorc praqtikuli, ise Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT. sazogadoebrivi kontrolis xarisxi SeiZleba TiToeul saqmeze gansxvavebuli iyos. Tumca, yvela SemTxvevaSi, procesSi CarTuli unda iyos msxverplis axlo naTesavi, im farglebSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs misi kanonieri interesebis dacvas (ix. guleCis saqme, citata zemoT, gv. 1733, § 82, sadac msxverplis mamas ar Seatyobines, rom miRebuli iqna gadawyvetileba devnis ardawyebis Sesaxeb; oguris saqme, citata zemoT, § 92, sadac msxverplis ojaxs xelmisawvdomoba ar hqonda gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlos dokumentebTan; da gulis saqme, citata zemoT, § 93). 2. gancxadeba winamdebare saqmeSi (a) gervaise makkeris daRupvaze saxelmwifos savaraudo pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb 116. davas ar iwvevs is faqti, rom gervaise makkeri SeiaraRebuli ar iyo, roca igi policiis oficrebma mokles. sasikvdilo Zalis amgvari gamoyeneba pirdapir jdeba me-2 muxlis farglebSi, romelic moiTxovs, rom nebismieri aseTi qmedeba Seesabamebodes muxlis meore punqtiT dadgenil romelime mizans da iyos absoluturad aucilebeli am miznisTvis. winamdebare saqmeSi faqtebTan dakavSirebiT mTeli rigi sakiTxebi warmoiSoba, kerZod, moqmedebdnen Tu ara oficrebi patiosani rwmeniT, romelic saTanado safuZvlebs emyareboda, magram SemdgomSi Secdoma aRmoCnda, kerZod is, rom maT safrTxes uqmnida gervaise makkeri an sxva adamiani, romelic manqanaSi ijda. am sakiTxis dasadgenad saWiro iqneboda, ganxiluliyo: 1) SesaZlebloba imisa, rom, rikoSetis Sedegad Seqmnili STabeWdilebiT, 40
makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg manqanaSi iaraRma gaielva, ris safuZvelzec, oficrebma daaskvnes, rom manqanaSi msxdom mamakacebs iaraRi hqondaT da amitom isini riskis qveS imyofebodnen; da 2) iyo Tu ara dakavebis mcdelobis raime SesaZlebloba. mTel rig mowmeTa sandooba da saimedooba, saxeldobr, im oficris, romelmac cecxli gaxsna, gadamwyvet rols Seasrulebs. 117. yvela es sakiTxi amJamad mokvlevis procesSia qalbaton eleanora kreanis mier Setanili samoqalaqo sarCelis safuZvelze da grZeldeba ganmcxadeblis mier ukanono qmedebiT gamowveuli sicocxlis xelyofis gamo. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom winamdebare saqmis garemoebebis fonze, sasurveli ar iqneboda, da konvenciiT misdami miniWebuli subsidiuri rolis sawinaaRmdegod imoqmedebda, misi nebismieri mcdeloba faqtebis dasadgenad, mis mier mokvlevis Catarebis mizniT mowmeTa gamoZaxebis meSveobiT. amgvari moqmedeba gamoiwvevda samoqalaqo sasamarTloSi mimdinare saqmiswarmoebis dublirebas, romelic ukeT aris aRWurvili, rogorc faqtebis damdgeni tribunali. miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropul komisias faqtebis momkvlevi misiebi adre gagzavnili hyavda TurqeTSi, sadac mimdinareobda procesi uSiSroebis Zalebis mier savaraudo ukanono mkvlelobis saqmeebze, sasamarTlom SeiZleba miuTiTos, rom es iyo sisxlis samarTlis procesebi da im droisaTvis, rodesac sasamarTlo gancxadebas ixilavda, isini Sewyda, minimum, pirvel instanciaSi. im saqmeebSi ganmcxadeblis saCivris ZiriTad aspeqts warmoadgenda is, rom mimdinare gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis procesis efeqtianobaze imoqmedebda (ix. mag. salmanis saqme, citata zemoT, § 107, sadac policiis oficrebi gaamarTles wamebis saqmeze, radgan ar iyo mtkicebuleba uSualod gvamis gakveTis araswori proceduris gamo; da gulis saqme, citata zemoT, § 89, sadac SemTxvevis adgilisa da gvamis sasamarTlo eqspertizis procedurebiT xeli SeeSala movlenaTa jerovan dadgenas). 118. winamdebare saqmeSi sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom ar aris raime konkretuli faqtori, romelic samoqalaqo sasamarTloebs faqtebis da gervaise makkeris sikvdilis ukanonobis/kanonierebis dadgenis SesaZleblobas SeuzRudavda (ix. qvemoT punqtebi 124-126, romelic exeba ganmcxadeblis saCivars sapolicio gamoZiebis xarvezebis Sesaxeb). miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc Cans, ganmcxadebeli am procesebs gansakuTrebuli mondomebiT ar misdevs, isini gauqmebuli ar aris. Tundac saeWvo iyos, rom movlenebidan oci wlis gasvlis Semdeg samoqalaqo sasamarTlo moaxerxebs, erTmaneTTan daakavSiros mtkicebulebebi, yvela aseTi mcdeloba unda ganxorcieldes Sidasaxelmwifo organoSi da ara saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis doneze. 119. ganmcxadeblis mamis sikvdilze pasuxismgeblis dadgenisas, sasamarTlos jerovnad ar miaCnia, daeyrdnos mxareebis mier warmodgenil dokumentur masalas. mravali werilobiTi angariSi da dokumentebSi warmodgenili gancxadebebi Semowmebuli ar aris gamokvlevebis an jvaredini dakiTxvebis meSveobiT da SeiZleba nebismier aseT mcdelobas arasruli da mcdari safuZveli Seuqmnas. es situacia ar SeiZleba, gauTanabrdes tusaRobaSi damdgari sikvdilis SemTxvevebs, sadac saxelmwifoze modis mtkicebulebis tvirTi, warmoadginos damakmayofilebeli da damajerebeli axsna-ganmarteba. 41
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makkeri gaerTianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg<br />
manqanaSi iaraRma gaielva, ris safuZvelzec, oficrebma daaskvnes, rom<br />
manqanaSi msxdom mamakacebs iaraRi hqondaT da amitom isini riskis qveS<br />
imyofebodnen; da 2) iyo Tu ara dakavebis mcdelobis raime SesaZlebloba.<br />
mTel rig mowmeTa sandooba da saimedooba, saxeldobr, im oficris,<br />
romelmac cecxli gaxsna, gadamwyvet rols Seasrulebs.<br />
117. yvela es sakiTxi amJamad mokvlevis procesSia qalbaton eleanora<br />
kreanis mier Setanili samoqalaqo sarCelis safuZvelze da grZeldeba<br />
ganmcxadeblis mier ukanono qmedebiT gamowveuli sicocxlis xelyofis<br />
gamo. sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom winamdebare saqmis garemoebebis fonze,<br />
sasurveli ar iqneboda, da konvenciiT misdami miniWebuli subsidiuri<br />
rolis sawinaaRmdegod imoqmedebda, misi nebismieri mcdeloba faqtebis<br />
dasadgenad, mis mier mokvlevis Catarebis mizniT mowmeTa gamoZaxebis<br />
meSveobiT. amgvari moqmedeba gamoiwvevda samoqalaqo sasamarTloSi<br />
mimdinare saqmiswarmoebis dublirebas, romelic ukeT aris aRWurvili,<br />
rogorc faqtebis damdgeni tribunali. miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianis<br />
uflebaTa evropul komisias faqtebis momkvlevi misiebi adre gagzavnili<br />
hyavda TurqeTSi, sadac mimdinareobda procesi uSiSroebis Zalebis<br />
mier savaraudo ukanono mkvlelobis saqmeebze, sasamarTlom SeiZleba<br />
miuTiTos, rom es iyo sisxlis samarTlis procesebi da im droisaTvis,<br />
rodesac sasamarTlo gancxadebas ixilavda, isini Sewyda, minimum, pirvel<br />
instanciaSi. im saqmeebSi ganmcxadeblis saCivris ZiriTad aspeqts<br />
warmoadgenda is, rom mimdinare gamoZieba sisxlis samarTlis procesis<br />
efeqtianobaze imoqmedebda (ix. mag. salmanis saqme, citata zemoT, § 107,<br />
sadac policiis oficrebi gaamarTles wamebis saqmeze, radgan ar iyo<br />
mtkicebuleba uSualod gvamis gakveTis araswori proceduris gamo; da<br />
gulis saqme, citata zemoT, § 89, sadac SemTxvevis adgilisa da gvamis<br />
sasamarTlo eqspertizis procedurebiT xeli SeeSala movlenaTa jerovan<br />
dadgenas).<br />
118. winamdebare saqmeSi sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom ar aris raime konkretuli<br />
faqtori, romelic samoqalaqo sasamarTloebs faqtebis da gervaise<br />
makkeris sikvdilis ukanonobis/kanonierebis dadgenis SesaZleblobas<br />
SeuzRudavda (ix. qvemoT punqtebi 124-126, romelic exeba ganmcxadeblis<br />
saCivars sapolicio gamoZiebis xarvezebis Sesaxeb). miuxedavad imisa, rom,<br />
rogorc Cans, ganmcxadebeli am procesebs gansakuTrebuli mondomebiT ar<br />
misdevs, isini gauqmebuli ar aris. Tundac saeWvo iyos, rom movlenebidan<br />
oci wlis gasvlis Semdeg samoqalaqo sasamarTlo moaxerxebs, erTmaneTTan<br />
daakavSiros mtkicebulebebi, yvela aseTi mcdeloba unda ganxorcieldes<br />
Sidasaxelmwifo organoSi da ara saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebis<br />
doneze.<br />
119. ganmcxadeblis mamis sikvdilze pasuxismgeblis dadgenisas,<br />
sasamarTlos jerovnad ar miaCnia, daeyrdnos mxareebis mier warmodgenil<br />
dokumentur masalas. mravali werilobiTi angariSi da dokumentebSi<br />
warmodgenili gancxadebebi Semowmebuli ar aris gamokvlevebis an jvaredini<br />
dakiTxvebis meSveobiT da SeiZleba nebismier aseT mcdelobas arasruli<br />
da mcdari safuZveli Seuqmnas. es situacia ar SeiZleba, gauTanabrdes<br />
tusaRobaSi damdgari sikvdilis SemTxvevebs, sadac saxelmwifoze<br />
modis mtkicebulebis tvirTi, warmoadginos damakmayofilebeli da<br />
damajerebeli axsna-ganmarteba.<br />
41
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