ganaTlebis sistemis axali prioritetebi~ ZiriTad
ganaTlebis sistemis axali prioritetebi~ ZiriTad
ganaTlebis sistemis axali prioritetebi~ ZiriTad
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hainrih biolis fondSi 2010 wlis<br />
3 Tebervals gamarTuli sajaro diskusia<br />
Temaze:<br />
`<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> <strong>sistemis</strong> <strong>axali</strong><br />
<strong>prioritetebi~</strong><br />
<strong>ZiriTad</strong>i momxseneblebi:<br />
marinე CitaSvili _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis profesori<br />
simon janaSia _ ilias saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis profesori<br />
moderacia: giorgi gvaxaria
gogi gvaxaria _ vfiqrob, gasagebia, ratom gavxseniT wels<br />
diskusiis sezoni TemiT `<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> <strong>sistemis</strong> <strong>axali</strong> <strong>prioritetebi~</strong>. maT<br />
albaT bevri Tqvengani ukve icnobs. didia am Temis mimarT sazogadoebis<br />
interesi da albaT amiTac aris ganpirobebuli, rom dRes darbazi savsea.<br />
Tumca, Cemi azriT, diskusia ufro saintereso iqneboda, Cveni gegma<br />
bolomde rom ganxorcielebuliyo. Zalian gvsurda <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> <strong>axali</strong><br />
ministris mowveva, magram saministroSi gangvimartes, rom ministris<br />
grafiki Zalian gadatvirTulia da diskusiaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb<br />
misTvis ori kviriT adre unda Segvetyobinebina. samwuxarod, verc misi<br />
moadgilis mowveva moxerxda, Tumca, bolo momentamde gvqonda amis imedi.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom erTis mxriv, es kargic ki aris, imitom rom<br />
rodesac diskusiaSi ministri monawileobs, Cveni sajaro debatebi<br />
preskonferenciis saxes iRebs xolme. ase rom, dRes Tqvens SekiTxvebs q-ni<br />
marine CitaSvili da b-ni simon janaSia upasuxeben. dRevandel diskusiaSi<br />
monawileoba unda mieRo b-n gia murRuliasac, Tumca, verc man moaxerxa<br />
CvenTan mosvla.<br />
jer b-n simon janaSias movusminoT, rogorc <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> <strong>sistemis</strong><br />
yofil TanamSromels. darwmunebuli var, saintereso iqneba misi<br />
mosazrebebis mosmena.<br />
simon janaSia _ bolo ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> reformis<br />
WrilSi bevri <strong>axali</strong> iniciativa gamoCnda. SeiZleba maTi CamoTvla, esenia<br />
- saxelmZRvaneloebTan dakavSirebuli cvlilebebi, maTi Sefasebis<br />
gamkacreba da xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxi, <strong>axali</strong> sagnebis,<br />
kulturologiisa da samxedro-patriotuli aRzrdis SemoReba, <strong>sistemis</strong><br />
ufro metad orientireba inglisuri enisa da kompiuteris ukeT<br />
Seswavlaze. erT-erTi prioritetia aseve skolisTvis bavSvebis dabruneba.<br />
amisTvis aris ori SemoTavazeba, gamkacrdes daswreba da Sefaseba<br />
bavSvebis daswrebasTan dakavSirebiT da gamosaSvebi gamocdebis SemoReba<br />
erTiani erovnuli misaRebi gamocdebis sanacvlod an paralelurad. aris<br />
kidev ramdenime detali, SedarebiT rTuli gansaxorcielebeli, skolebSi<br />
Zaladobis SemcirebisTvis zomebis miReba da a.S.<br />
prioritetebSi ar dasaxelebula, magram yvelam viciT, rom skolebs<br />
SeezRudaT urTierTobis ufleba gareSe pirebTan, gansakuTrebiT<br />
presasTan. ministrma ganacxada, rom skolebma sakuTari interviuebi<br />
saministros prescentrs unda SeuTanxmon. informaciis gacvla aseve<br />
SeizRuda kvleviT organizaciebTan mimarTebaSic. am CamoTvlili<br />
SemoTavazebebidan, Cemi azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania ori, romelic<br />
<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> sferoSi sistemur cvlilebas gamoiwvevs. <strong>axali</strong> sagnebis<br />
SemoReba imdenad ar Secvlis sistemas, ramdenadac gamosaSvebi<br />
gamocdebis SemoReba da SezRudva presasTan dakavSirebiT. erTi<br />
2
sistemuri cvlilebaa, meore ki asaxavs cvlilebis damokidebulebas<br />
reformis konteqstTan.<br />
gamocdebis SemoReba gamoiwvevs sxva mraval cvlilebas skolebSi,<br />
maT Soris, saswavlo prioritetebis Secvlas, <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> <strong>sistemis</strong>agan<br />
miRebul Sedegebs da kidev bevr gauTvaliswinebel cvlilebas, romelzec<br />
jer ar yofila saubari. magaliTad, SesaZloa, gamoiwvios politikuri<br />
problemebi, sazogadoebis ganwyobis Secvla uaryofiTi kuTxiT da sxva.<br />
es aris yvelaze rTuli cvlileba, romlis ganxorcielebac dagegmilia<br />
2011 wels. misi mizania, rom atestatis miReba ar xdebodes TiTqmis<br />
avtomaturad, rogorc dRes xdeba, da rom moswavleebs dasWirdeT<br />
minimaluri kompetenciis zRvris gadalaxva. dasaxelebuli iyo aTi testi,<br />
romelTa safuZvelze miiReba gadawyvetileba, vis SeeZleba umaRlesi<br />
<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> miReba da vis ara.<br />
es ar aris Cveni gamogonili sistema. msgavsi sistemebi sxva<br />
qveynebSic arsebobs da iq Seswavlilia misi Sedegebi. mniSvnelovania imis<br />
gaazreba, rom gamocdebis sistema ver uzrunvelyofs dasaxelebuli<br />
miznebis miRwevas, <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> xarisxisa da skolis prestiJis amaRlebas<br />
Tu ar Seiqmna paraleluri sistemebi, romlebic daexmareba am sistemas<br />
dadebiTi cvlilebebis motanaSi. cnobilia, rom aseTi sistemebi iwvevs<br />
skolebis dainteresebas, rom rac SeiZleba adre moiSoron Tavidan e.w.<br />
problemuri bavSvebi. amaSi ar igulisxmeba mxolod maTi skolidan gayra.<br />
zog sistemaSi, sadac amis gakeTeba garTulebulia, xSiria bavSvebis<br />
mecxre klasSi Catoveba.<br />
meore problemaa sazogadoebis orientirebis Secvla. Seicvleba<br />
damokidebuleba imis mimarT, Tu ras niSnavs ganaTlebul adamianad<br />
yofna. es dRevandelTan mimarTebaSi ukan gadadgmuli nabiji iqneba. dRes<br />
arsebuli warmodgena, Tu ras niSnavs ganaTlebuli adamiani, asaxulia<br />
sxvadasxva dokumentebSi, maT Soris zogadi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> erovnul<br />
miznebSi, romelic aRwers, Tu rogori unda iyos adamiani, romelic<br />
skolas amTavrebs. testirebas kavSiri ara aqvs im kompetenciebTan da<br />
RirebulebebTan, romelic am dokumentSia aRwerili. Tumca, Zalian<br />
rTuli iqneba iseTi kompetenciebis Sefaseba, rogoric aris sxvisi<br />
pativiscema, mravalferovnebis gaTvaliswineba, komunikaciuri unarebi da<br />
sxva.<br />
aseTi sistemebis SemoRebis dros maswalebelebi xSirad arian<br />
orientirebulebi ara im kompetenciebis swavlebaze, romlebic<br />
adamianisTvis mniSvnelovania cxovrebaSi, aramed mxolod imis<br />
swavlebaze, rac ganapirobebs maT warmatebas <strong>sistemis</strong> TvalSi. anu, Tu<br />
maTi moswavleebi karg Sedegebs iReben testebSi, isini warmatebulebad<br />
CaiTvlebian. samwuxarod, Cvens sistemaSi Sefasebis sxva kriteriumi<br />
jerjerobiT ar arsebobs. jer ar danergila akreditaciis sistema,<br />
romelic ityoda, konkretuli skola ra Sedegebs aRwevs an ra process<br />
axorcielebs am konkretuli Sedegebis misaRwevad. amitom, Tu ar<br />
SemoviReT paraleluri sistemebi, inspeqtireba an akreditacia, mxolod<br />
gamocdebi gaxdeba skolis Sefasebis erTaderTi kriteriumi. es iwvevs<br />
3
imas, rom skolebi dainteresebulebi xdebian, Tavidan moiSoron iseTi<br />
bavSvebi, romlebic maT reitings gaauareseben. meore, kargi mxare is aris,<br />
rom mSoblebisTvis gaCndeba orientirebi, Tu romel skolaSi sjobs<br />
Svilis miyvana imisTvis, rom is warmatebuli iyos. Tumca, moswavleebis<br />
warmateba sulac ar aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu romel skolaSi<br />
swavlobs. Tu socialurad daucvelebi erT skolaSi mogrovdebian, ufro<br />
maRali SesaZleblobis mqoneebi meore skolaSi, didia Sansi, rom<br />
mxolod imis gamo, rom maT aqvT kerZod momzadebis SesaZlebloba,<br />
SesaZloa, aman ufro metad ganapirobos maTi warmateba konkretul<br />
testze, vidre konkretuli skolis konkretulma maswavlebelma.<br />
ramdenad mniSvnelovania, rom mSoblebs hqondeT aseTi orientirebi.<br />
ra Tqma unda, Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom skolis arCevis dros<br />
arsebobdes obieqturi monacemebi, magram meore mxriv, Cvens sistemaSi<br />
aris 2150 sajaro skola, romlis naxevarze metic aris iseT adgilas,<br />
sadac skolis arCevani saerTod ar arsebobs. ra SeiZleba moxdes aseT<br />
skolebSi. es sakiTxic Seswavlilia bevr qveyanaSi. Tu moswavleebma<br />
ician imis Sesaxeb, rom maTi skola warumatebelia raime parametris<br />
mixedviT, magaliTad, Tu mecxre klasis moswavlem icis, rom maTi<br />
skoladamTavrebulebis mxolod 30%, an Tundac mxolod 80%-ia<br />
warmatebuli konkretul testze, maTi motivacia imisTvis, rom ukeTesad<br />
imecadinon, ar imatebs. imitom rom maT winaswar ician, rom maTi skola<br />
warumatebelia da maTi maswavlebelebi ar arian im donis, rom<br />
uzrunvelyon sxva skolasTan SedarebiT kargi Sedegebis miRweva.<br />
es sistema ar inergeba sterilur garemoSi. erT-erTi sistema,<br />
romelic paralelurad inergeba, aris maswavleblebis sertificirebis<br />
sistema, romelic wels unda daiwyos da bavSvebisTvis kidev erTi<br />
monacemi gaxdeba is, Tu ramdeni maswavlebeli iqneba warmatebuli<br />
sasertifikacio gamocdaze. anu, bavSvs eqneba ori monacemi: maTze<br />
ufrosebi ramdenad aRweven warmatebas da arian Tu ara kvalificiurebi<br />
maTi maswavleblebi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavleebs orive parametriT<br />
negatiuri informacia eqnebaT, didia Sansi, rom isini saerTod daanebeben<br />
Tavs swavlas. ase rom, is mizani, rom xarisxi gaumjobesdes, SesaZloa,<br />
zogierT skolaSi sulac ar iyos avtomaturad miRweuli.<br />
bevri msgavsi problemaa Seswavlili sxvadasxva sistemaSi.<br />
magaliTisTvis aviRoT is, Tu ramdenad aswavlian moswavleebs im<br />
unarebs, da xdeba Tu ara im unarebis Sefaseba, rac mniSvnelovania<br />
cxovrebisTvis. magaliTad, testi ver afasebs im unarebs, ra ufro<br />
mniSvnelovania cxovrebaSi. gamocda ZviradRirebuli siamovnebaa, misi<br />
administrireba Zalian Zviri jdeba da kargi gamocda, romelic xels<br />
Seuwyobda moswavleebis mniSvnelovani unarebis ganviTarebas, Zalian<br />
Zviri Casatarebelia. daaxloebiT iseT situacias viRebT, rogoric aris<br />
Cvens sistemaSi marTvis mowmobis asaRebi gamocda, romelzec minimaluri<br />
kompetencia unda davadasturoT. warmoidgineT, rom igive gamocdas<br />
abarebdeT tarebis komponentis gareSe da mxolod qaRaldze<br />
adasturebdeT, rom flobT Sesabamis kompetencias. aseTive suraTs<br />
4
viRebT, rodesac testirebis safuZvelze vmsjelobT imaze, Tu ramdenad<br />
SeuZlia moswavles analizi, sinTezi, sakuTari socialuri unarebis<br />
gamomJRavneba da sxva. Sesabamisad, problema is aris, rom Cven miviRebT<br />
gaumjobesebas Zalian cud skolebSi da kvlevebic adasturebs, rom<br />
arsebobs iseTi skolebi, sadac verc erTi moswavle ver axerxebs<br />
minimaluri kompetenciis Cvenebas. aseTi skolebisTvis namdvilad gaCndeba<br />
raRac orientiri, magram ara kargi skolebisTvis, maT Soris, kerZo<br />
skolebisTvis, sadac aris <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> xarisxi, da bevri sajaro<br />
skolisTvis, romelSic sakmaod kargi Sedegebi gvaqvs saerTaSoriso<br />
masStabiT, magaliTisTvis, saqarTvelos urbanuli skolebis maCvenebeli<br />
Sedegebi, aris saerTaSoriso saSualoze maRali.<br />
es sistema bevri sxva <strong>sistemis</strong> mimarT yuradRebis gamZafrebas<br />
gamoiwvevs. magaliTad, saxelmZRvaneloebis xelmisawvdomobis<br />
mniSvneloba adrindelTan SedarebiT, mkveTrad izrdeba. saministros<br />
mier Catarebuli SarSandeli kvlevis mixedviT, moswavleebis mxolod<br />
55% flobs saxelmZRvaneloebis srul pakets. es monacemic sakmarisia<br />
imisaTvis, rom vimsjeloT, Tu ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli aseTi <strong>sistemis</strong><br />
danergva sxva <strong>sistemis</strong> danergvis gareSe. weliwadnaxevari, ra drois<br />
ganmavlobaSic igegmeba <strong>axali</strong> <strong>sistemis</strong> danergva, Cemi azriT, ar aris<br />
sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom yvela danarCeni is sistema, romelic<br />
gaaneitralebda mis mier motanil riskebs, aseve dainergos. am <strong>sistemis</strong><br />
danergva gacilebiT rTulia, vidre gamocdebis SemoReba. imitom rom<br />
gamocdebis SemoRebis dros, SekveTas iRebs erTi centri, xdeba gaTvla,<br />
Tu rogor unda moxdes es lojistikurad, ramden punqtSi unda Cabardes<br />
gamocda, ramdeni kiTxva unda iyos da a.S. magram es sistema savaraudod,<br />
garda skolidan moswavleebis gadinebisa, gamoiwvevs imas, rom iqneba<br />
Zalian didi ukmayofileba maswavleblebis mxridan im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />
maTi moswavleebi CaiWrebian, aseve iqneba ukmayofileba mSoblebis<br />
mxridan. da didia Sansi, rom maswavlebelebic da mSoblebic daiwyeben<br />
yvela im kargis uaryofas, rac ki momxdara bolo xuTi wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. mSoblebi maTi Svilebis warumateblobas daabraleben<br />
saswavlo gegmas, maswavleblebs, saxelmZRvaneloebs, lototrons,<br />
ministrebs da a.S. nawilobriv SeiZleba es sworic iyos, magram Cven<br />
miviRebT Sedegs da davkargavT imas, rasac mivaRwieT am xuTi wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. dadasturebulia, rom rodesac niSans uwer adamians, es<br />
ufro naklebad moqmedebs dadebiTad mis momaval Sedegebze, rodesac<br />
niSnebTan erTad komentarebs wer, ukeTesad moqmedebs, mxolod<br />
komentarebis wera ki yvelaze maRal Sedegs iZleva. Cven SemoviReT<br />
komentarebis sistema. mniSvnelovani xdeba iseTi niSnis wera, romelic<br />
Semdeg meordeba testis SemTxvevaSic, raTa ar moxdes konfliqti<br />
maswavlebelsa da mSobels Soris, raTa mSobels ar hqondes<br />
araadekvaturi molodini misi Svilis warmatebis Sesaxeb.<br />
giorgi gvaxaria _ albaT bevri kiTxva geqnebaT, magram jer q-n<br />
marines movusminoT da Semdeg davsvaT SekiTxvebi. q-ni marine albaT<br />
5
umaRlesi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> prioritetebzec isaubrebs. gansakuTrebiT<br />
sainteresoa gardamavali etapi saSualo ganaTlebidan umaRles<br />
ganaTlebaze. guSin prezidentma meaTeklaselebs mimarTa, rom ar<br />
SeeSindeT, radgan dasawyisSi yvelaferi Zalian advili iqneba. rogorc<br />
Cans, garkveuli winaaRmdegoba ukve aris da man ukve Searbila Tavisi<br />
pozicia. gismenT, q-no marine.<br />
marine CitaSvili _ didi madloba hainrih biolis fonds sajaro<br />
diskusiaSi monawileobis misaRebad mowvevisaTvis. madlobas movaxseneb<br />
auditoriasac, romelmac Tavisi aq mosvliT daadastura, rom miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom qveynis mTliani Sida ekonomikuri produqtis vardnisa,<br />
saqarTveloSi ganaTleba jer kidev rCeba prioritetad. analogiuri<br />
tipis SemTxvevebSi sxva qveynebSi saerTod daikarga <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> mimarT<br />
interesi. anu, rac ufro Raribia qveyana, iq ufro naklebia <strong>ganaTlebis</strong><br />
mimarT interesi. samwuxarod, Cven nel-nela gadavdivarT iseTi tipis<br />
qveynebSi, romlebic ekonomikuri maCvenebliT Zalian CamorCebian, magram<br />
mixaria, rom rCeba tradicia, romlis mixedviTac ganviTarebis umaRlesi<br />
gza aris <strong>ganaTlebis</strong>admi interesi.<br />
dRes me vfiqrobdi, rom diskusiis msvlelobisas Cven visaubrebdiT<br />
rogorc saskolo, ise umaRles ganaTlebaze. magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT<br />
im konteqsts, romliTac daiwyo diskusia, albaT <strong>ZiriTad</strong>ad saskolo<br />
ganaTlebaze iqneba saubari. magram am TvalsazrisiT ar var<br />
kompetenturi, mxolod is SemiZlia mogaxsenoT, rogorc umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblis akademiuri personali, ras vxedav studentebTan<br />
mimarTebaSi.<br />
rogorc Cans, sainformacio revoluciam ganapiroba is, rom mTeli<br />
msoflios masStabiT akademiuri personali wuwunebs imaze, rom maTi<br />
studentebi ar arian ise momzadebulebi, rogorc iyvnen aTi-oci wlis<br />
win. vgulisxmob didi britaneTis, germaniis, niderlandebis monacemebs.<br />
Cemze ramdenime wliT ufrosi kolegisagan oqsfordis universitetidan<br />
msmenia, rom Cven rogorc vwerdiT disertaciebs, axla ase wera<br />
gamoricxulia, imitom rom maSin gvqonda Tema da sami weli gveZleoda<br />
imisaTvis, rom Tavisufali cnobierebis nakadiT gvebodiala sami wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. axla Cvens studentebs absoluturad gansazRvruli aqvT<br />
kursebi da maTi swavlebis sistema bevrad ufro struqturizebulia. es<br />
magaliTi imitom movitane, rom saerTo Civili akademiuri personalis<br />
mxridan, rom studentebi floben bevrad naklebi codnis marags, vidre<br />
aqamde iyo, yvelas gulistkivilia. Tumca, es kargia Tu cudi, amaze<br />
arafers amboben. teqnikuri progresi ar Cerdeba da ufro metic,<br />
globalizaciis erT-erT centralur sakiTxad ganixileba mecnierebaSi<br />
globaluri da transnacionaluri proeqtebis arseboba da a.S. anu, imaze,<br />
ganaTleba, informaciis floba da bevri ramis codna erTmniSvnelovnad<br />
kargia an aferxebs Tu ara progress, pasuxi ar aris. magram is, rom<br />
<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> garkveuli done umaRlesi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> misaRebad<br />
aucilebelia, cxadia.<br />
6
2005 wels Catarda pirveli erovnuli gamocdebi. 2007 wels<br />
universitetis akademiuri personalis Sekrebaze, rodesac saubari iyo<br />
imaze, rogor unda momzadebuliyo pirvelkurselTa Sesavali kursebi,<br />
wamodga qimiis fakultetis profesori da Tqva, rom maT uwevT swavleba<br />
ara im programiT rac iyo xuTiode wlis win, aramed studentebisaTvis<br />
imis Tqma, rom arsebobs mendeleevis tabula. anu, saubari imis Sesaxeb,<br />
rom elementaruli codna, razec unda daSendes umaRlesi ganaTleba, ar<br />
modis skolidan, faqtia. Sesabamisad, nebismieri mcdeloba imisa, rom is<br />
skolidan modiodes, ayenebs Semdeg sakiTxs. aqamde <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> sistemaSi<br />
mimdinare reforma ratomRac cal-calke ganixilavda skolas da umaRles<br />
saswavlebels da bma am or instancias Soris Sinaarsobrivi<br />
TvalsazrisiT ar yofila ganxiluli. is, rom umaRlesi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong>aTvis<br />
aucilebelia garkveuli tipis codnis arseboba, Tu gnebavT amaze<br />
gavmarToT msjeloba, magram faqtia, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom ToTxmeti<br />
wlis asakisaTvis inteleqtis koeficienti anu fsiqikuri funqcia<br />
normalurad muSaobs da analizic, sinTezic, abstraqciac, absoluturad<br />
xelmisawvdomi operaciebia, miuxedavad amisa, 14 wlis asakSi rom momceT<br />
cotaTi seriozuli naSromi, misi gageba gamiWirdeba, Tundac imitom, rom<br />
gadavawydebi bevr axal termins, romlis Sesaxebac informacia ara maqvs.<br />
amitom am teqstis asaTviseblad, misi struqturis gasagebad davxarjav<br />
did dros, Sromas da SesaZloa, verc moverio.<br />
SemoTavazeba imisa, rom gavaumjobesoT skolaSi swavlebis xarisxi,<br />
namdvilad Zalian misasalmebelia, Tumca SemiZlia vTqva, rom swavlebis<br />
xarisxis gaujobeseba gamocdebis <strong>sistemis</strong> SemoRebiT da aTi gamocdiT<br />
hgavs fasadur gaformebas. is RonisZiebebi, romlebic CamoTvala batonma<br />
sikom, fasaduri xasiaTisaa, imitom rom Tuki gadavxedavT qveynebs,<br />
romlebmac seriozul winsvlas miaRwies <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> reformaSi, vnaxavT,<br />
rom maT ori principuli tipis arCevani gaakeTes. upirveles yovlisa,<br />
daiwyes im maswavleblebis momzadeba, romlebic maT sWirdebodaT<br />
skolebSi da aswavlidnen imas, rac momaval Taobebs sWirdeba. kargad<br />
maxsovs, eqimTa sertifikaciis win rogor mzaddeboda licenzirebis<br />
procesi, rogor mzaddeboda testebi. sajarod gamoqveynda 5000 kiTxva.<br />
manqanis marTvis mowmoba visac adre gaqvT aRebuli, gexsomebaT, rom 300-<br />
mde pasuxi iyo dasazepirebeli. skolis meaTe klasSi vabarebdi am<br />
gamocdas. ori inspeqtori gveswreboda. bileTis erT-erT sakiTxSi ver<br />
gavarkvie, saiT unda wavsuliyavi da daviwye adgilze wriali.<br />
inspeqtorma didxans uyura am sakiTxs, bolos miTxra, rom Tu cxraze<br />
swori pasuxi mqonda gacemuli, mainc gasuli viyavi da mirCia, nebismieri<br />
pasuxi Semomexaza. adamianma patiosnad Tqva, rom arc man icoda swori<br />
pasuxi. Tuki maSin samasi sakiTxi mqonda dasazepirebeli, eqimebs<br />
dasazepirebeli hqondaT 5000-mde kiTxva Tavisi oTxi arCevaniT.<br />
saqarTveloSi 1997 wels iyo 42 aTasi diplomirebuli eqimi. marTalia,<br />
maTgan yvela ar yofila dasaqmebuli, magram licenzirebis kvalobaze<br />
maTi raodenoba Semcirda sul 3%-iT. es adasturebs imas, rom nebismieri<br />
raodenobis testis dazepireba SesaZlebelia. swored amitomaa, rom Cven<br />
7
kvalificiuri eqimebi ar gvyavs. amaze metyvelebs isic, rom saqarTveloSi<br />
sikvdilianoba Zalian maRalia.<br />
maswavleblis komentarze ar aris damokidebuli moswavlis<br />
akademiuri warmateba. Aramed damokidebulia imaze, ra icis am<br />
maswavlebelma, rogor da ra unda aswavlos da rogor unda dagegmos<br />
swavlebis procesi. Sesabamisad, maswavleblebis sertifikacia, romelic<br />
axla unda ganxorcieldes, Zalian veWvob, rom akmayofilebdes am<br />
pirobebs. Tumca, vadastureb imas, rom mTeli rigi SarSan gamosuli<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebisa, faqtobrivad aris pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac<br />
sistematizebuli saxiT, Sesavlis doneze maswavleblebs acnobs imas,<br />
rogor viTardeba bavSvi, rogor unda iqceodes is, misi qcevis axsnis ra<br />
modelebi arsebobs da a.S. warmovidginoT Cveni Tavi skolaSi. iseTi<br />
sxarti goneba, rogoric skolis asakSi mqonda, axla aRar maqvs, imitom<br />
rom Semdeg bevri kliSe Semodis da saazrovno socialuri sqemebi<br />
grovdeba. axla rom vuyureb zogierT Cems maswavlebels, namdvilad<br />
vfiqrob, rom isini gmirobis Rirsni arian imis gamo, rom<br />
gvimklavdebodnen. pirvel klasSi CemTan iyo 45 bavSvi. maswavlebeli ras<br />
gvaswavlida, es sxva Temaa, magram faqtia, rom gvivlida. da arc<br />
fizikuri Zaladoba yofila Cvenze ganxorcielebuli. SemiZlia vTqva, rom<br />
namdvilad kargi maswavlebeli myavda, imitom rom Semdeg ukve<br />
disertaciaze muSaobis periodSi, cdebis Casatareblad aRmovCndi<br />
pionerTa banakSi, sadac aRmzrdelebi ise urtyamdnen bavSvebs, rom<br />
Zalian seriozuli Careva momixda. me marTla gamiRima bedma, rom<br />
davibade da gavizarde TbilisSi, vcovrobdi iseT raionSi, sadac xuTi<br />
specializebuli skolidan erT-erTi iyo ganTavsebuli da bebiaCemma am<br />
skolaSi Semiyvana, iq ki kargi maswavleblebi aRmoCndnen. amitom mTel<br />
saskolo kurikulums Tu gadavxedavT, pretenzia mxolod fizikisa da<br />
biologiis maswavleblebze SemiZlia ganvacxado, romlebic ar iyvnen<br />
kargi specialistebi da aseve ar SeeZloT bavSvebTan urTierToba.<br />
Tuki CavatarebT maswavlebelebis Semowmebas, ra unda icodnen maT<br />
bavSvebis Sesaxeb, aRmoCndeba, rom es aris pirveli SemTxveva<br />
sistematizebuli codnis miwodebisa, rodesac Sesavlis doneze<br />
miewodebaT maswavlebelebs garkveuli informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu<br />
saganmanaTleblo procesi rogor warmarTon. mTeli es istoria movyevi<br />
mxolod erTi ramis gamo. qveynebs, romlebsac hqondaT survili<br />
ganaTleba gaeumjobesebinaT, maTi <strong>ZiriTad</strong>i prioriteti iyo<br />
maswavlebelTa momzadeba. da miaRwies iseT Sedegs, rogoric aris dRes<br />
fineTSi, skandivaniis sxva qveynebSi da a.S. saswavlo procesis<br />
ganxorcielebis <strong>ZiriTad</strong>i faqtori aris maswavlebeli. maswavlebelzea<br />
damokidebuli is, Tu sabolood ra produqts miviRebT. yvelaferi sxva,<br />
iqneba es testi Tu gamocda, aris Semmowmebeli im Sedegis, risi<br />
gakeTebac maswavlebels SeuZlia. me momxre viqnebodi, Tu is Tanxa, rac<br />
unda daixarjos minimaluri kompetenciis Sesaqmneli testebis<br />
gasakeTeblad, maswavlebelTa momzadebas moxmardes. aseve seriozulad<br />
Segvexeda imisTvis, rac weria umaRlesi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> kanonSi imis Sesaxeb,<br />
8
om maswavleblad muSaobis ufleba aqvT mxolod magistris xarisxis<br />
mqone adamians. aseT SemTxvevaSi, iqneb dagvedgina, ras viTxovT magistris<br />
xarisxis mqone pedagogisgan. amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, romlis<br />
analogiuri sistemac gadmoviReT, imis moTxovna, rom skolaSi iyos<br />
magistri, ar aris aucilebeli. SesaZlebelia iyos bakalavric, magram mas<br />
unda hqondes miRebuli specialuri ganaTleba imisaTvis, rom aswavlides.<br />
rodesac gadmogvaqvs iseTi qveynebis sistemebi, rogoric aris norvegia,<br />
SvedeTi, sadac maswavlebels aqvs magistris xarisxi, gaviTvaliswinoT<br />
isic, Tu ramdenia am qveynis mier Cadebuli Tavis <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> sistemaSi.<br />
amitom, mimaCnia, rom ar aris mizanSewonili, sabani imaze metad gavWimoT,<br />
vidre gvaqvs amis SesaZlebloba, da sjobs iqidan daviwyoT awyoba, risi<br />
gakeTebac SegviZlia.<br />
rac Seexeba Semotanil inovaciebs, ar mesmis ras niSnavs<br />
kulturologia da saxmedro-patriotuli aRzrda. Tu laparakia imaze,<br />
rom mivdevT princips, rom jansaR sxeulSi jansaRi sulia, aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi bevrad ukeTesi iqneboda gvezruna imaze, rom Cveni momavali<br />
Taoba seriozulad yofiliyo dakavebuli fizikuri unarebis<br />
ganviTarebiT. amisTvis saWiro iqneboda skolebTan sportuli moednebis<br />
aSeneba. ukeTesi iqneboda bavSvebs sportisTvis meti dro hqondeT<br />
daTmobili, vidre tvini gamovuWedoT ideologiuri kliSeebiT da<br />
adamianebs ar mivceT imis saSualeba, rom isini iyvnen im globaluri<br />
sivrcis nawili, rasac hqvia msoflio adamianis uflebebis dacvis momxre.<br />
ara mgonia, rom adamians, romelic aris humanisti, ar uyvardes samSoblo,<br />
da ar SeeZlos sakuTari Tavis dacva, Tu maincdamainac samxedropatriotuli<br />
aRzrdis banaki ar gaiara.<br />
mowodebas, skolas davubrunoT bavSvebi, mivyavarT isev igive<br />
problemamde. skolebSi bavSvebis dasabruneblad axla CarTulia<br />
mSoblebis armia, romlebsac emuqrebian, rom Tu maTi Svilebi ar ivlian<br />
skolaSi, samsaxuridan gaaTavisufleben. CvenTan, skolaSi, Zalovanma<br />
struqturebma unda Caataron treningebi. ucxoeTis arc erT qveyanaSi ar<br />
minaxavs, rom skolaSi Zaladobis Semcirebis <strong>ZiriTad</strong>i faqtori garedan<br />
mosuli piri yofiliyo, da es ar iyos skolis maswavleblebis <strong>ZiriTad</strong>i<br />
saqme. imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom skolaSi imata Zaladobam, moviyvan erTerTi<br />
kvlevis Sedegebs, romelic iwyeba 1990-ian wlebSi, es modis<br />
klinikuri fsiqologiidan da daiwyo kvleva imis gamo, rom arsebobs e.w.<br />
didi depresiis erTjeradi epizodi, romelic yvela CvenTagans<br />
metnaklebi intensivobiT gauvlia gardamaval asakSi, rodesac araferi ar<br />
ginda, araferi ar mogwons da a.S. rodesac daiwyo es kvleva, aRmoCnda,<br />
rom depresiis maCvenebeli bevrad ufro maRalia arasrulwlovan<br />
damnaSaveebSi, vidre Cveulebriv bavSvebSi da daiwyes amisi mizezebis<br />
kvleva. aRmoCnda, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi, maT visac aqvT kriminaluri an<br />
raime tipis marginaluri qcevis darRveva, seriozuli problemebi aqvT<br />
<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> TvalsazrisiT. maTma umetesobam ar icis kargad wera-kiTxva,<br />
ar SeuZlia sakuTari azris gamoxatva, ver axerxebs kontaqts da<br />
komunikacias da a.S. 90-iani wlebidan kanadaSi da Semdeg amerikis<br />
9
SeerTebul StatebSi iwyeba e.w. specialuri programebi, romlebic<br />
mimarTulia <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> xarisxis gaumjobesebisaken sasjelaRsrulebis<br />
dawesebulebebSi.<br />
da bolos, rogorc universitetis akademiuri personali,<br />
aRfrTovanebuli viyavi 2005 wels pirveli misaRebi gamocdebiT. aseTi<br />
motivirebuli, azriani, mowesrigebuli, swavlaze orientirebuli<br />
kontigenti universitetSi 1993 wlis Semdeg ar minaxavs. am TvalsazrisiT<br />
2005 weli CemTvis radikalurad gardamtexi weliwadi iyo. Semdeg<br />
studentebis xarisxma ratomRac kleba daiwyo. isini Zalian xSirad ver<br />
igeben im Sesaval teqstebs, romelic aris umaRles saswavlebelSi da<br />
romlis ufro metad gamartiveba SeuZlebelia. aman gamoiwvia Cemi<br />
daintereseba imiT, Tu ras aswavlian me-10-11-12 klasebSi. me-11-12 klasebSi,<br />
rogorc kvlevam aCvena, arafers ar swavloben da moswavleebi<br />
orientirebulebi arian mxolod im sagnebis Cabarebaze, romelsac iTxovs<br />
misaRebi gamocdebi. ara mgonia, rom raime tipis Secdomis aRiareba cudi<br />
iyos da Tu raime arasworad gakeTda, ar unda gamoswordes, magram me<br />
mimaCnia, rom <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> reformis udidesi damsaxurebaa is, rom man<br />
moaxdina standartizebuli <strong>sistemis</strong> SemoReba yvelasaTvis, romelsac<br />
gadalaxvis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia miiRos umaRlesi ganaTleba. es udidesi<br />
miRweva iyo da amis ukan waReba arafriT ar SeiZleba. Tuki visaubrebT<br />
imaze, rom sxva raRacebi aris araswori, oficialurad vacxadeb,<br />
aranairi bma e.w. saSualo skolasa da umaRles ganaTlebas Soris ar<br />
arsebobs. amitom is bavSvi, me-9 klasidan gairicxeba Tu daamTavrebs me-12<br />
klass, is umaRlesi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> miRebisTvis modis absoluturad<br />
moumzadebeli. me ar vambob, rom umaRlesi ganaTleba mxolod<br />
elitisTvis unda iyos xelmisawvdomi, araviTar SemTxvevaSi. ufro metic,<br />
Cven aviReT orientacia anglosaqsur <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> modelze, me vityodi,<br />
ufro amerikul modelze. amerikuli <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> sistema evropulisagan<br />
swored imiT gasxvavdeba, rom is muSaobs sazogadoebisaTvis da mas<br />
sWirdeba ganaTlebuli sazogadoeba, da ara elita, romelic<br />
sazogadoebis nacvlad wyvets raRacebs. gmadlobT yuradRebisTvis.<br />
giorgi gvaxaria _ mec davsvam kiTxvebs, romlebze pasuxic Zalian<br />
mainteresebs.<br />
jer erTi, ram gamoiwvia <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> am <strong>axali</strong> prioritetebis Seqmna,<br />
ra xdeboda qveyanaSi iseTi, ramac dabada es <strong>axali</strong> idea. piradad me<br />
maxsovs <strong>axali</strong> ministris daniSvnamde sapatrirqos mier gakeTebuli<br />
gancxadeba. Cemi azriT, es Zalian mniSvnelovani gancxadeba iyo.<br />
patriarqi gamovida winadadebiT, rom skolebSi unda daiwyon<br />
tradiciebis swavleba. daaxloebiT ramdenime dReSi presaSi gamoCnda<br />
<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> <strong>sistemis</strong> <strong>axali</strong> prioritetebi, sadac gaielva swored<br />
sityvebma `patriotuli aRzrda~. anu, es, Cemi azriT, aris garkveuli<br />
variacia da interpretacia da im yvelafers, razec isaubres Cvenma<br />
momxseneblebma, aqvs politikuri foni. es imaSic gamoixateba, rom<br />
maswavlebeli, mogexsenebaT, aris seriozuli eleqtorati, arCevnebi<br />
10
axlovdeba, xelisuflebas sWirdeba xmebi da maswavleblebi SesaniSnavi<br />
saSualebaa xmebis mosagroveblad. samwuxarod, amas ewireba <strong>ganaTlebis</strong><br />
<strong>sistemis</strong> is reforma, romlis Sesaxebac ase kargad isaubra marinemac.<br />
aq saubari iyo maswavleblebis sertifikaciazec. sainteresoa, vin<br />
adgens am sertifikatebs, ra SekiTxvebs dausvamen maswavleblebs, ra<br />
ainteresebT, maswavleblis profesiuli ganaTleba, rogori pedagogia,<br />
rogori fsiqologia, da vin ganixilavs mere amas. am SekiTxviT mivmarTav<br />
siko janaSias.<br />
marinesTanac maqvs SekiTxva. marinem Tqva, rom maswavleblebi unda<br />
momzaddnen da amaSi mec veTanxmebi. magram vin moamzadebs maT, vin<br />
gaakontrolebs, vin Cautarebs maT gamocdebs. ucxoeTidan unda<br />
CamoviyvanoT aseTi specialistebi, Tu gvyavs adgilobrivi kadrebi,<br />
romlebic maswavleblebis maswavlebelebi iqnebian?<br />
simon janaSia _ jer bolo SekiTxvaze gipasuxebT, me vamzadeb<br />
maswavleblebs. mTavari iyo kiTxva, risTvis da rogor vamzadebT<br />
maswavleblebs. erT sakiTxs davazusteb, CvenTan ar aris maincdamainc<br />
imis moTxovna, rom maswavlebeli iyos magistri. CvenTan imisTvis, rom<br />
iyo dawyebiTi safexuris maswavlebeli, unda iyo bakalavri. imisTvis,<br />
rom iyo me-7-dan me-12 klasis CaTvliT maswavlebeli, aris ori gza _ Tu<br />
Seni `meijori~ aris maTematika, `mainoris~ 60 krediti SegiZlia gamoiyeno<br />
imisTvis, rom iswavlo pedagogika da Semdeg gaqvs ufleba, gaxvide<br />
sasertifikacio gamocdaze. anu, Tu ar gaqvs gavlili bakalavriatis<br />
periodSi, SegiZlia 60 krediti aiRo bakalavriatis Semdeg, an Tu es 60<br />
krediti ar aris SenTvis sakmarisi, da es xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Sen<br />
Sesabamisi ganaTleba ar gaqvs, magaliTad, Tu ganaTlebiT iuristi xar<br />
da ginda gaxde maTematikis maswavlebeli, maSin magistratura unda<br />
gaiaro, sadac 60 kredits iswavli pedagogikaSi da amdenives<br />
maTematikaSi. magram arc es iZleva imis garantias, rom aucileblad<br />
maswavlebeli gaxdebi, imitom rom Semdeg gamocda unda Caabaro. es<br />
gamocda efuZneba maswavleblis profesiul standartebs da gacilebiT<br />
ufro farToa, vidre gamocda. imitom rom gamocdiT ver Seamowmeb yvela<br />
im unars, rac maswavlebels moeTxoveba. es aris zogadprofesiuli<br />
unarebi, anu, is, Tu ramdenad icis maswavlebelma ganviTarebis<br />
fsiqologia, swavlis Teoriebi, ramdenad SeuZlia meTodikis gamoyeneba,<br />
ramdenad icnobs Sefasebis sistemebs da ramdenad iyenebs maT, aseve<br />
sagnobrivi nawili, romelic gulisxmobs imas, Tu ramdenad icis<br />
adamianma konkretuli sagani, magaliTad, ramdenad icis maTeatikis<br />
maswavlebelma maTematika da misi swavleba. aris kidev calke nawili<br />
maswavleblis profesiuli standartis, romelic aRwers imas, Tu kidev<br />
ra moeTxoveba maswavlebels. amaSi Sedis komunikaciis unari,<br />
konfliqtebis mogvareba, mSoblebTan urTierTobis formebi da sxva. es<br />
standarti aris orientiri maswavleblisTvis, imisTvis, raTa man Tavisi<br />
SesaZleblobebi mudmivad daxvewos. amis mxolod mcire nawilis gamocdaa<br />
SesaZlebeli, radgan testi ar SeiZleba grZeldebodes erTi kvira.<br />
11
saerTod, qaRaldiT yvela am unaris Semowmeba SeuZlebelia. dagegmilia<br />
ori gamocda. erTiT mowmdeba zogadprofesiuli unarebi, meore nawili<br />
amowmebs sagnis da sagnis swavlebis meTodikis codnas.<br />
giorgi gvaxaria _ 50-55 wlis maswavlebeli, romelmac yvelaferi<br />
kargad icis kompiuteris garda, CaiWreba am gamocdaSi?<br />
simon janaSia _ raRac periodSi iyo saubari imaze, rom testireba<br />
kompiuteris gamoyenebiT Catarebuliyo, raTa am gziT isic SeemowmebinaT,<br />
ramdenad SeuZlia maswavlebels kompiuteris gamoyeneba, Tumca es<br />
yvelaze naklebi problemaa, imitom rom yvelaze advilad iTviseben mas.<br />
saerTod, sertificirebis sistema, Cemi azriT, sworad mofiqrebuli<br />
sistemaa, imitom rom iTvaliswinebs Zalian mniSvnelovan komponentebs,<br />
rac <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> sistemaSi cvlilebebisTvis aris mniSvnelovani.<br />
sakmarisi ar aris, orientiri aviRoT maswavleblebis momzadebaze.<br />
dadebiT efeqts iZleva sistema, romelsac aqvs rogorc zewolis, ise<br />
daxmarebis meqanizmebi, rac ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli am gamocdebis<br />
sistemaSi da es aris problematuri. zewolis meqanizmia is, rom<br />
maswavlebels eubnebi, ra standarti unda daakmayofilos, magram amave<br />
dros exmarebi mas am standartis daZlevaSi. am <strong>sistemis</strong> mTeli arsic is<br />
aris, rom mizans is ki ar warmoadgens, gamocda Cautaro da CaWra,<br />
aramed, aiZulo, rom daiwyos TviTganviTareba, da meore mxriv,<br />
daaintereso, rom es daxmareba miiRos. roca ar arsebobs gamocda, mas ar<br />
ainteresebs treningze siaruli. treningis xelmisawvdomoba dRes imiT<br />
aris uzrunvelyofili, rom maswavleblebi iReben vauCerebs, romliTac<br />
afinanseben treningebis garkveul raodenobas.<br />
marine CitaSvili _ vubrundebi imas, rom piradad me, araferi maqvs<br />
sawinaaRmdego, rom magistratura damTavrebuli maswavlebeli<br />
aswavlides skolaSi. ubralod, vambob, rom am etapze am ideis<br />
ganxocieleba principulad SeuZlebelia. batono siko, rogorc<br />
CemTvis cnobilia, ilias universitetSi arsebobs magistratura<br />
maswavleblebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT sabunebismetyvelo dargSi. bolo<br />
sami wlis ganmavlobaSi ramdeni magistri gyavdaT?<br />
simon janaSia _ arc erTi ar gvyolia.<br />
marine CitaSvili _ es aris katastrofa. imitom rom Tu<br />
gaviTvaliswinebT Cveni maswavleblebis asakobriv Wrils, romelic aris<br />
60 weli, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom saSualo asaki qalebisaTvis,<br />
romlebic warmoadgenen <strong>ZiriTad</strong> kontingents, saqarTveloSi aris 76<br />
weli, perspeqtivaSi rom gavixedoT da vnaxoT, rom yvela maswavlebelma<br />
miaRwia am asaks, aRmoCndeba, rom Teqvsmeti wlis Semdeg saerTod ar<br />
gveyoleba sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebis maswavlebeli. mgonia, rom<br />
maswavlebelTa momzadeba unda iyos calke prioritetis sagani.<br />
12
maswavlebloba aris mowodeba da motivacia imiT, rom vauCeris arqonis<br />
SemTxvevaSi mas gauSveben samsaxuridan, maswavlebelTa datovebis<br />
erTaderTi gza ar unda iyos.<br />
me ar vfiqrob, rom Cven ar gvyavs kargi maswavleblebi da aseTebi<br />
marto ucxoeTSi arian, ubralod, mgonia, rom arsebuli kontigentidan<br />
daaxloebiT 30% aris ara gawvrTnadi. es marto maswavleblebs ar exeba,<br />
nebismier profesiaSi asea. Sesabamisad, aseTebze ar unda wavides Tanxebi,<br />
da meore _ maswavlebelTa momzadeba, ise, rogorc aris axal<br />
zelandiaSi, avstraliaSi, skandinaviis qveynebSi, germaniaSi, safrangeTSi,<br />
albaT kargi iqneboda CvenSic arsebobdes `TiCers kolejis~ saxiT. aq<br />
momzaddeboda maswavlebeli da es ar iqneboda uSualod mibmuli<br />
bakalavriatsa da magistraturaze. radgan saxelmwifos cota fuli aqvs,<br />
misi damamTavrebeli gamocda faqtobrivad unda yofiliyo<br />
sasertifikacio gamocda. imaSic geTanxmebiT, rom maswavlebels unda<br />
SeeZlos klasSi urTierToba, kritikuli situaciis mogvareba, amas<br />
testebi ar amowmebs. amas sWirdeba xelmZRvaneli, romelic akvirdeba.<br />
rac Seexeba uSualod CemTvis dasmul kiTxvas imis Sesaxeb, vin<br />
moamzadebs maswavleblebs. mgonia, rom droa davemSvidoboT ideas imis<br />
Sesaxeb, rom saqarTveloSi varT gansakuTrebuli arsebebi, romlebic<br />
vekuTvniT adamianTa saxeobas, da specialurad morgebuli programebi<br />
gvWirdeba. arsebobs maswavlebelTa momzadebis aprobirebuli<br />
kurikulumi da ufro metic, radgan is aris regulirebadi profesia<br />
CvenTanac da sxva qveynebSic, aRebulia maswavlebelTa momzadebis es<br />
programa. aviRoT im qveynebis programebi, sadac moswavleebi aCveneben<br />
yvelaze karg Sedegebs, davdoT aseTi sami programa, SevadaroT,<br />
vTargmnoT qarTulad da viwyoT misi swavleba. me fsiqologis TvaliT<br />
wavikiTxe maswavlebelTa momzadebis saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlebic,<br />
vadastureb, rom kargia. magram ar SeiZleba am saxelmZRvaneloSi<br />
erTdroulad aswavlide Svid sxvadasxva mimarTulebas, romlebsac<br />
kargad ver igeben verc fsiqologebi. maswavlebels ar sWirdeba es Svidi<br />
sxvadasxva mimarTuleba. mas sWirdeba mxolod kognituri da qceviTi<br />
procesebis Sesaxeb codna da Sesabamisad, es unda aswavlo. amitom<br />
maswavleblebi unda momzadnen im qveynebis kvalobaze, romlebsac aqvT<br />
maswavlebelTa momzadebis saukeTeso kurikulumi da amas aCvenebs maTi<br />
Sedegebi saerTaSoriso kvlevebSi.<br />
giorgi gvaxaria _ im 30%-s ra unda vuyoT?<br />
marine CiataSvili _ unda mivceT damsaxurebuli pensia, rom saxlSi<br />
iyvnen.<br />
laSa beraia, gamomcemloba `logos presis~ damfuZnebeli _ Cemi<br />
SekiTxva saxelmZRvaneloebs ukavSirdeba. bolo gancxadebebi, romlebic<br />
exeba grifirebis wesis gamkacrebas, standartizaciis SemoRebas wignebSi,<br />
xom ar aris dabruneba im droSi, roca iyo erTi gamomcemeli, da TiTo<br />
13
saganSi gamoicemoda TiTo saxelmZRvanelo. xom ar vbrundebiT ukan,<br />
postsabWoTa xanaSi an rogorc aris Cvens mezobel qveyanaSi, TurqeTSi.<br />
rodesac am Temaze velaparake TurqeTis gamomcemelTa asociaciis<br />
aRmasrulebel direqtors, man mipasuxa, rom maT konservatiuli mTavroba<br />
hyavT da gamomcemlebi ukmayofiloebi arian.<br />
<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> saministro acxadebs, rom dRevandeli sistema<br />
ultraliberaluria. bolo xuTi-eqvsi wlis ganmavlobaSi saministroSi<br />
mosulma xalxma daamkvidra liberaluri wesebi, Tavisufali bazris<br />
wesebi saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnis procesSi. yovelive aman<br />
gamoiwvia Zveli gamomcemlobebis nawilis CamoSoreba am procesisgan,<br />
vinaidan maTi kompetencia ar Seesabameboda Tavisufali bazris<br />
principebs. gamoiwvia <strong>axali</strong> gamomcemlobebis gamosvla asparezze. aseve<br />
gamoiwvia <strong>axali</strong> avtorebis gamoCena, Tu manam sistema gulisxmobda<br />
konkursebis Catarebas, avtorebi, romlebic midiodnen da evaWrebodnen<br />
gamomcemlebs honoraris Taobaze, rom maTTan dabeWdiliyo maTi wignebi.<br />
<strong>sistemis</strong> radikalurad Secvlis Semdeg tenderebi ukve<br />
gamomcemlobebisTvis cxaddeboda, romlebsac pasuxismgebloba unda<br />
aeRoT TavianTi wignebis xarisxze. amis Sedegad SevZeli Camomeyalibebina<br />
jgufi istoria-geografiis <strong>axali</strong> saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebisa,<br />
romlebic manamde ar iyvnen dakavSirebulni am procesTan da Cvenma<br />
gundma Seqmna <strong>axali</strong> wignebi. magram axla vgrZnob am <strong>sistemis</strong> dangrevis<br />
saSiSroebas. vfiqrob, SesaZloa, isev davubrundeT sistemas, rodesac<br />
molaparakebebi daiwyeba avtorebTan. amisi niSnebi ukve gamoCnda.<br />
ministrma brZana, rom dauZaxeben avtorebs, dasvamen maT erTad da isini<br />
SeTanxmdebian imaze, rogor gadanawildes klasebis mixedviT<br />
misawodebeli masala sxvadasxva saganSi. Semodis iseTi komponentic,<br />
rogoric aris savaldebulo Sinaarsis 60%. amitom, Tu manamde<br />
gamomcemlobebi avtorebTan erTad Tavad wyvetdnen rogori koncefciiT<br />
unda yofiliyo maTi wigni dabeWdili, axla isev standartizaciisken<br />
mivdivarT. rodesac am Temaze gamokiTxva tardeba, rogorc es daviT<br />
paiWaZis gadacemaSi iyo, sadac mayurebelTa 90%-ma Tqva, rom maT ar<br />
moswonT saxelmZRvaneloebis mravalferovneba. me mesmis, rom<br />
mSoblisTvis bevri saxelmZRvanelo bevr sirTulesTan aris<br />
dakavSirebuli, magram meore mxriv, aris farTo arCevani, da<br />
maswavleblis pasuxismgeblobis zrdis sakiTxi. ra jobia, pedagogs<br />
gavumZafroT pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba da vaswavloT arCevanis gakeTeba,<br />
Tu gamzadebuli erTi wigni mivawodoT? Tu mivdivarT sabazro<br />
ekonomikis da liberalizmis gziT, es imas niSnavs, rom adamianma TviTon<br />
unda SeZlos arCevanis gakeTeba.<br />
nino giorgaZe, arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgeneli _ dRes<br />
grifirebasTan dakavSirebiT miviReT Semdegi. maSin roca yovel meore<br />
wels igrifeba igive saxelmZRvaneloebi da gamodis <strong>axali</strong> dizainiT,<br />
magram Zveli SinaarsiT, Sedegad miviReT is, rom <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> saministros<br />
sawyobSi aris ukve Zalian bevri grifaclili wigni. rodesac erT-erTi<br />
14
arasamTavrobo organizaciis saxeliT mivakiTxeT <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> saministros<br />
erT-erT departaments da vTxoveT devnili bavSvebisTvis es wignebi,<br />
rogorc mxatvruli literatura da ara rogorc saxelmZRvaneloebi,<br />
SemogvTavazes, Zalian bevri wamogveRo, radgan fizikurad iyo amis<br />
saSualeba. aseT problemas vawydebiT. gasagebia, rom sagamomcemlo<br />
kompaniebisTvis es biznesia, magram aseve mainteresebs, ras efuZneba is<br />
kvleva, romlis mixedviTac mxolod 54%-Tvis aris xelmisawvdomi<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebi, imitom rom Cems garemocvaSi saxelmZRvaneloebi<br />
Zalian xelmiuwvdomelia.<br />
simon janaSia _ <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> saministro ar yidulobs wignebs. esec<br />
aris erT-erTi problema, rac saxelmZRvaneloebis xelmisawvdomobas<br />
xels uSlis. saministro adre yidulobda wignebs sxvadasxva<br />
klasebisTvis. 2003 wlamde, Tu saxelmZRvanelo iRebda grifs, sorosis<br />
fondis daxmarebiT saxelmwifo erTi wliT beWdavda wigns garkveuli<br />
tiraJiT, raTa momxdariyo misi aprobacia da Semdeg Sesuliyo is<br />
skolaSi. 2004 wlidan saxelmwifo yidulobs mxolod pirveli klasis<br />
wignebs.<br />
merve klasis qarTuli literaturis saxelmZRvanelo aris 2004 wlamde<br />
grifiT miRebuli, es wignebi ar icvleboda yovel wels. icvleboda sam<br />
weliwadSi erTxel SarSandlamde, axla ukve Semovida <strong>axali</strong> wesi,<br />
romlis mixedviTac konkretul klasSi saxelmZRvanelo xuT weliwadSi<br />
erTxel unda Seicvalos. ase rom, <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> saministros sawyobSi<br />
wignebis simravle maT yovelwliur cvlasTan ar yofila dakavSirebuli.<br />
Tu zustad ar iqna gansazRvruli swavlebis Sinaarsi, SeuZlebeli<br />
gaxdeba ise Sefaseba, rom adamians ar dasWirdes repetitorTan siaruli.<br />
magaliTisTvis rom aviRoT qarTuli ena da literatura, erovnul<br />
saswavlo gegmaSi aris kompetenciebis CamonaTvali, Tu ra unda SeeZlos<br />
moswavles TiToeuli klasis bolos, da ra masalis gavliT SeiZleba<br />
amis miRweva. Tumca iq ar aris miTiTebuli konkretuli nawarmoebebi,<br />
mxolod avtorebi weria. aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmZRvaneloebis<br />
avtorebs sakmaod didi Tavisufleba hqondaT saimisod, rom miznidan<br />
gamomdinare, TviTon SeerCiaT nawarmoebebi. CvenTvis mTavari iyo, ra<br />
Sedegs miaRwevda moswavle da ara procesis gakontroleba. imitom rom<br />
erT-erTi mTavari, rac Tanamedrove <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> nebismier koncefciaSi<br />
aris mocemuli da dadasturebulia nebismieri Tanamedrove kvleviT, aris<br />
moswavlis konkretuli individualuri saWiroebebis gaTvaliswineba. Tu<br />
ar iTvaliswineb moswavlis warmomavlobas, mis saWiroebebs da<br />
interesebs, maSin swavlebis standartizacia cudia. rodesac misaRebi<br />
gamocdebis standartizaciaze vsaubrobT, is kargi imitom aris, rom<br />
korufcia Seamcira da nebismier moswavles misca imis SesaZlebloba,<br />
Caabaros umaRlesSi misi socialuri kavSiris da sxva msgavsi faqtorebis<br />
gauTvaliswineblad. magram standartizacia iwvevs imas, rom ar xdeba<br />
konkretuli saWiroebebis gaTvaliswineba. es saWiroebebi Zalian<br />
gansxvavebulia. saxelmZRvaneloebs rom davubrundeT, imas, rom<br />
15
saxelmZRvaneloebis srul pakets qveynis masStabiT 55% flobs, bavSvebis<br />
pasuxia. mSoblebis TqmiT, saxelmZRvaneloebis srul pakets 68% flobs.<br />
SekiTxvaze, ratom ar aqvT sruli paketi, saintereso pasuxebi miviReT.<br />
70%-ze meti regionebSi amas siZviris gamo ver axerxebs. igive pasuxi<br />
dedaqalaSi mxolod 35%-ma gagvca. saxelmZRvaneloebis xelmisawvdomobas<br />
Tu ufro met mniSvnelobas mivaniWebT, da es bunebrivi iqneba imis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom gamocda yvela saganSi iqneba Casabarebeli, kidev<br />
ufro gaizrdeba SesaZleblobebs Soris ufskruli dedaqalaqsa da<br />
regionebSi mcxovreb moswavleebs Soris. erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis<br />
dadebiTi Sedegebis miuxedavad, saqarTveloSi skolas yovelwliurad 60<br />
aTasamde moswavle amTavrebs da maTgan mxolod daaxloebiT 27 aTasi<br />
cdilobs umaRlesSi Cabarebas. amisi mizezi savaraudod aris is, rom<br />
umaRlesSi Cabareba Zalian Zviri jdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamocdaze<br />
gasasvlelad mxolod aTi laria saWiro, sinamdvileSi es gamocdebi,<br />
maTTvis, vinc am gamocdebze gadis, ufro Zviri jdeba. imisTvis rom<br />
gamocdaze gaxvide, unda moemzado, es ki yvelas ar SeuZlia.<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebis standartizacia aris problema, magram<br />
gacilebiT didi problemaa, roca saxelmwifo iRebs iseT funqciebs<br />
Tavis Tavze, rac misi uSualo funqcia ar aris. saxelmwifo axla<br />
cdilobs Tavis Tavze aiRos gamomcemlis funqcia, Tumca is<br />
gamomcemelze ukeTesad am funqcias ver Seasrulebs. rac ufro meti<br />
iqneba Careva, miT ufro meti iqneba korufciis safrTxe, da miT ufro<br />
naklebi iqneba am sistemaSi CarTuli sxva subieqtebis pasuxismgebloba.<br />
Cven xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi vaSenebdiT sistemas, sadac pasuxismgebloba<br />
gadanawilebuli iqneboda.<br />
saidan modis es iniciativebi. Cemi azriT, problema is aris, rom<br />
wlebis ganmavlobaSi vaSenebdiT sistemas, sadac pasuxismgeblobebi<br />
gadabarebuli iyo maTze, visac namdvilad unda hqonoda es<br />
pasuxismgebloba, aq igulisxmeba mSobelic, bavSvic, maswavlebelic,<br />
direqtoric da sxva. magram maT ar undaT am pasuxismgeblobis aReba.<br />
sakmarisia, mSobelma ver miiRos skolidan is servisi, rasac moelis,<br />
skolas ki ar sTxovs mis gaumjobesebas, aramed prezidents. prezidenti,<br />
TavisTavad, cdilobs miiRos rac SeiZleba meti xma. es Seswavlilia<br />
yvela qveyanaSi, sadac msgavsi raRacebi xdeba. es aris politikosebis<br />
mouTmenloba, rom grZelvadiani reformebi danergon. imitom rom<br />
grZelvadian reformas meore mxarisgan Zalian didi moTmineba sWirdeba.<br />
dRevandeli prioriteti ar gulisxmobs moTmenas. arada, am yvelafris<br />
ukan 600 aTasi ojaxi dgas. Tamami cvlilebaa. Cvens sazogadoebaSi ar<br />
moswonT saxelmZRvaneloebis mravlferovneba, magram moswonT bevri<br />
gamocda, imitom rom fiqroben, rom bevri gamocda bevr codnas niSnavs.<br />
gadavxedoT sxva qveynebis gamocdilebas. vnaxavT, rom zog qveyanaSi<br />
aris gamocdebi, zogSi saerTod ar tardeba, magram mainc kargi<br />
<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> xarisxia. CvenTan 2005 wels rom Zalian motivirebuli iyo<br />
xalxi da Semdeg Semcirda es motivacia, amisi mizezebi Seswavlilia da<br />
Jargonze uwodeben `testis naxevrad daSlis periods~ da grZeldeba<br />
16
maqsimum oTxi weli. am periodSi SeiZleba testis auditoriam aRmoaCinos<br />
is xerxebi, Tu rogor SeiZleba testi warmatebulad Caabaro codnis<br />
gareSe. pirvelma gamocdebma enTuziazmis fonze Caiara, dabali klasis<br />
moswavleebic ki ambobdnen, rom Tu kargad ar iswavlidnen, Semdeg<br />
umaRlesSi ver Caabarebdnen. magram mere uceb gairkva, rom yvela abarebs<br />
umaRlesSi, miuxedavad maTi codnisa, imitom rom 27 aTas adgilze<br />
amdenive abiturienti abarebs. Tan gamocdis formaa iseTi, rom ar iWrebi,<br />
Tu prestiJul fakultetze ar moxvdebi, naklebad prestiJulze<br />
Cairicxebi. ase rom, testi daaxloebiT erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi yvelgan<br />
iwvevs enTuziazms, erTi wlis Semdeg enTuziazmi klebulobs. gamosaSvebi<br />
tipis testi kidev uaresia. imitom rom aseT SemTxvevaSi maswavlebels<br />
SeuZlia wina wlis testebis gamoyeneba da moswavleebis varjiSi<br />
minimaluri kompetenciis zRvaris gadasalaxad.<br />
giorgi gvaxaria _ gamodis, rom xuT weliwadSi sazogadoeba ver<br />
Camoyalibda. man ver aiRo pasuxismgebloba da ukan davbrundiT.<br />
daviT arabiZe, <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> erovnuli kavSiri _ 1991 wlis<br />
mdgomareobiT, saqarTveloSi iyo 6500 skola, rogorc batonma sikom<br />
aRniSna, dRes aris 2150. es ukve raRacis maCvenebelia.<br />
socialuri kontrolis gareSe nebismieri meqanizmi araefeqturia da<br />
ver mogvcems mTavar produqts, rac skolam unda mogvces. bevri<br />
problemaa, maTgan mxolod erTs gamovyof. es aris sajaro skolebis<br />
sameurveo sabWoebi. rogorc pirveli, ise meore arCevnebis dros<br />
davinaxeT is, rac iyo sabWoTa periodSi _ sabWoTa kolmeurneobis<br />
gamgeobis formireba. moxda faruli nomenklaturuli SerCeva da faruli<br />
administraciuli daniSvna. sazogadoeba da miT ufro, samoqalaqo<br />
seqtori, izolirebuli aRmoCnda am umniSvnelovanesi procesebisgan.<br />
mainteresebs sazogadoebis is jgufi, romelsac warmoadgenen qalbatoni<br />
marine an batoni siko, Tu apireben raime nabijebis gadadgmas imisTvis,<br />
rom sameurveo sabWoebma realurad ganaxorcielon TviTmmarTveloba da<br />
socialuri kontrolis funqcia.<br />
marine CitaSvili _ sameurveo sabWoebis Sesaxeb zust informacias<br />
ar vflob. mogaxseneT, rom skolebis Sesaxeb mxolod wakiTxuliT da<br />
mosmeniliT vici. Tumca ar gamovricxav, rom sameurveo sabWoebis amgvari<br />
tipiT Seqmna sxva araferia, Tu ara kontrolis meqanizmis Setana. Tumca<br />
sameurveo sabWo amas ar gulisxmobs. piriqiT, misi idea gulisxmobs imas,<br />
rom skola iyos erT-erTi adgili, sadac samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis Seiqmneba myari safuZveli. magram samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebis ganviTarebisTvis myari safuZvlis Seqmna, misi<br />
manipulireba, rom avarCioT mSoblebi da CavrToT am procesSi, SeiZleba<br />
gadaiqces iribi avtokratuli meTodis ganxorcielebad da kontrolis<br />
meqanizmis SemoRebad. es xdeba axlac, skolaSi aucilebeli daswrebis<br />
17
SemoRebiT, Zaladobis winaaRmdeg kampaniis SemotaniT da a.S. am<br />
sakiTxebSi batoni siko albaT ufro kompetenturia.<br />
minda erTi ram vTqva saxelmZRvaneloebTan dakavSirebiT. Zalian<br />
gamakvirva iman, rom aRmoCnda mxolod moswavleTa 55% flobs<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebis srul pakets. Semdeg rodesac batonma sikom<br />
ganmarta, rom es saSualo maCvenebelia, da rom es cifri regionebSi<br />
bevrad ufro dabalia. gamocdebis SemoReba urbanul da soflis<br />
mosaxleobas Soris naprals ar unda zrdides, amisaTvis unda<br />
gamoviyenoT iseTi programebi, rogoric aris magaliTad `irmis naxtomi~.<br />
skolis biblioTekebSi unda iyos imis saSualeba, rom xelmisawvdomi<br />
iyos saxelmZRvaneloebis eleqtronuli versia. imis gamo, rom adamianebs<br />
ar SeuZliaT saxelmZRvanelobis sruli paketis SeZena, ar niSnavs imas,<br />
rom gamocdebi yvela saganSi ar unda Catardes. imaSi, Catardeba es<br />
gamocdebi Tu ara, me problemas ver vxedav, imitom rom wlevandeli<br />
mocemebi sruliad fastastiuri iyo. 27 aTas adgilze Semotanili iyo 29<br />
aTasi gancxadeba, da Tavisufali darCa 4000 adgili, da es maSin,<br />
rodesac minimaluri kompetenciis misaRebad saWiro iyo mxolod 25<br />
swori pasuxi. saubari imazea, vin modis umaRles saswavlebelSi da riTi<br />
vamTavrebT saSualo skolas.<br />
rac Seexeba saxelmZRvanelobs, vin gaakontrolebs maT,<br />
gamomcemlobebis korporaciuli mafia Tu saxelmwifo mafia, amiT<br />
momxmareblisTvis bevri araferi icvleba. erTaderTi seriozuli<br />
problema saxemZRvanelobis gamocemis xarisxia, romelic xSir<br />
SemTxvevaSi veranair kritikas ver uZlebs. yvelafers rom Tavi<br />
davaneboT, isini ar iTvaliswinebs bavSvis gonebrivi ganviTarebis<br />
SesaZleblobebs asakobriv WrilSi.<br />
Sorena gabunia, xelovnebaTmcodne _ rusuli enis savaldebulo<br />
statusis Sesaxeb minda gkiTxoT. rogorc vici, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis<br />
Semdeg rusulma enam dakarga dominanturi enis funqcia Cvens qveyanaSi.<br />
kategoriulad vemijnebi antirusul isterias, romelic Zalian<br />
popularulia dRes qveyanaSi, magram mainteresebs, ratom unda iyos<br />
rusuli ena savaldebulo skolaSi.<br />
siko janaSia _ enebis SerCeva skolebSi sameurveo sabWos<br />
gadawyvetilebiT xdeba. savaldebuloa ori enis swavla.<br />
sandro lominaSvili _ <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> saministrodan aris informacia,<br />
rom saqarTveloSi aprilSi aTasamde adamiani Camodis imisaTvis, rom<br />
skolebSi inglisuri ena aswavlos. ra iciT amis Sesaxeb?<br />
marine CitaSvili _ es xdeba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisa da<br />
saqarTvelos mier erToblivad xelmowerili strategiuli SeTanxmebis<br />
dokumentis farglebSi. amas ganaxorcielebs amerikis SeerTebuli<br />
Statebis saelCo, romelmac prioritetad kulturuli da <strong>ganaTlebis</strong><br />
18
sferos daxmarebis TvalsazrisiT aiRo inglisuri enis gaZlierebuli<br />
swavlebis Semotana saqarTveloSi. me veswrebodi am programis<br />
prezenatacias da aqedan maqvs es informacia.<br />
daviT kaxaberi, Jurnali `tabula~ _ 2010 wlis gamowvevebSi<br />
ministrma didi yuradReba dauTmo usafrTxo skolis koncefcias. aq iyo<br />
naxsenebi, rom permanentulad iqneba Sexvedrebi Zalovani struqturebis<br />
warmomadgenlebTan. amisi magaliTi gvaqvs amerikaSi 1960 wlidan.<br />
mainteresebs, Tqvni, rogorc fsiqologis mosazreba, ra problemebis<br />
winaSe SeiZleba dagvayenos am iniciativam.<br />
aseve mainteresebs, Tu aqvs informacia baton sikos mandaturis<br />
institutis Sesaxeb.<br />
simon janaSia _ mandaturis instituti arsebobs amerikaSic. Cvens<br />
<strong>sistemis</strong> problema is aris, rom maswavleblebis SemTxvevaSi, yvelas<br />
eZleva vauCeri, Tanabari midgomaa yvelas mimarT. iseve rogorc<br />
programebi, romlebsac <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> saministro axorcielebs, ar aris<br />
mimarTuli konkretuli skolebiTvis. magaliTad, viciT, rom Zaladoba ar<br />
warmoadgens problemas soflis skolebisTvis da iq mandaturi ar aris<br />
saWiro. amerikis skolebSi mandaturi aregulirebs moZraobas skolebSi,<br />
dadis raciiT, akontrolebs, rom ar moxdes konfliqti moswavleebs<br />
Soris. CvenTan saubaria ara marto mandaturebze, aramed kamerebisa da<br />
SeSvebis <strong>sistemis</strong> dayenebazec. es meTodebi sxvadasxva kulturul<br />
konteqstSi sxvadasxvanairad moqmedebs. kamera zogisTvis SesaZloa<br />
totalitarizmis gamovlineba iyos, zogierTi bavSvisTvis SesaZloa is<br />
iyos Cagvrisgan xsna. im adgilebSi, sadac damontaJda aseTi kamerebi,<br />
dadasturebulia, rom iklo Zaladobis faqtebma. Tu es mizani miiRweva,<br />
Tundac Zalian totalitarulad gamoiyurebodes es sistema, is SeiZleba<br />
gamarTlebulad CaiTvalos. Tumca es ar ganawyobs adamians imisTvis, rom<br />
danaSauli ar iyos misi motivacia, rom ar undodes danaSaulis Cadena.<br />
usafrTxo skolaze saubrisas, ra Tqma unda, mTavaria imis swavleba, Tu<br />
rogor unda moagvaro urTierTobebi, rogor unda aarido Tavi<br />
konfliqts da a.S. Zalian martiv raRacebs aswavlian am TvalsazrisiT<br />
dasavleTSi. magaliTad, urCeven, TvalebSi ar Sexedon adamians, romelic<br />
maTi azriT, agresiulia. anu, aris erTi da igive ramis ganxorcielebis<br />
rogorc kargi, ise cudi gza da Tu gamoviyenebT ukve aprobirebul<br />
meTodebs, karg Sedegsac miviRebT. skolaSi SemSvebi sistema Tbilisis<br />
ramdenime skolaSi ukve damontaJda da mSobels bavSvis Sesvlisa da<br />
gamosvlis Sesaxeb `esemesi~ misdis. SeiZleba mSoblisTvis ar iyos<br />
sasiamovno yovel xuT wuTSi erTxel aseTi mesijis miReba, SesaZloa,<br />
Zalian Zviric iyos es sistema, aseve, SesaZloa, fsiqologiuradac ar<br />
iyos gamarTlebuli da bavSvebs aCvevs morCilebas da ara gaazrebas, Tu<br />
ratom ar unda gaiparos skolidan, magram meore mxriv, Sedegebs iZleva.<br />
19
_ Cveni asociacia mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT aerTianebs<br />
pedagogebs. Cven vmuSaobT im problemebze, romlebic arsebobs<br />
<strong>ganaTlebis</strong> sferoSi da mivesalmebiT im reformebs, rasac saqarTvelos<br />
mTavroba gvTavazobs. Cvens <strong>ZiriTad</strong> mimarTulebad aviReT zneobis da<br />
eTikis swavleba skolebSi. xom ar ajobebs, pirvelive klasidanve<br />
davnergoT am sagnis swavleba. SesaZloa, kulturologiaSi swored esec<br />
igulisxmeba. zneobrivi aRzrda Tavidan agvaridebs Zaladobasac da<br />
konfliqtebsac. Tu dainteresdebiT, batono siko, Cven SegviZlia<br />
viTanamSromloT kidec. 2000 wels Cvenma organizaciam gamosca<br />
`yofaqcevis kultura~. es sagani ukve dainerga ramdenime skolaSi, TviT<br />
baton gia murRulias skolaSic. Zalian mainteresebs sazogadoebis azri<br />
Cvens saxelmZRvaneloze.<br />
giorgi gvaxaria _ vin aris wignis avtori?<br />
_ avtori gaxlavT praqtikosi pedagogi, qalbatoni lia bedinaZe.<br />
wignze muSaobs aseve avtorTa jgufi. bevr skolaSi aris survili, rom<br />
dainergos eTikis swavleba.<br />
rac Seexeba saxelmZRvanelobis sakiTxs. pedagogebi xSirad amboben,<br />
rom kargia, rom maT aqvT saxelmZRvaneloebis arCevis saSualeba, magram<br />
cudia, rom isini Tavidanve kargad ar icnoben am saxelmZRvaneloebs.<br />
sinom janaSia _ pedagogebi imasac amboben, rom maT nacvlad irCeven<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebs da isini Semdeg xuTi weli aswavlian am wignebiT.<br />
rogor Tavsdeba erTad es ori pozicia, rom isini ver arCeven da sxvam<br />
unda airCios, magram erTi wlis Semdeg aRmoCndeba, rom ar moswons wigni<br />
da Secvlas iTxovs, ver vxvdebi. ra keTdeboda imisTvis, rom maT<br />
hqonodaT ufro gaazrebuli arCevani. Tavdapirvelad, rodesac erovnul<br />
saswavlo gegmasTan erTad gamoCnda <strong>axali</strong> saxelmZRvaneloebi, iyo<br />
seriozuli problemebi, gvian sruldeboda saxelmZRvanelos SemuSaveba<br />
da mokle periodi rCeboda mis SesarCevad. SarSandlidan ukve ara marto<br />
saxelmZRvanelos nimuSi hqondaT maswavleblebs imisTvis, rom<br />
gacnobierebuli arCevani gaekeTebinaT, aseve iyo recenziebi. maT SeeZloT<br />
gacnobodnen sxvadasxva eqspertis mosazrebebs. wignebis egzemplarebis<br />
dabeWdvamde maswavleblebs aseve daegzavnaT rogorc moswavlis, aseve<br />
maswavleblis samuSao wignis eleqtronuli nimuSebi.<br />
_ magram am nimuSebs ar gacnobia yvela maswavlebeli. ufro metic,<br />
arian maswavlebelebi, romlebic ar miiCneven aucileblobad<br />
sertificirebas. isini arc arian darwmunebulebi mis CatarebaSi.<br />
simon janaSia _ es informaciis naklebobiTac aris gamowveuli.<br />
rac Seexeba eTikis swavlebas, Cemi azriT, imas, rom rigSi unda<br />
Cadge, calke sagnis swavleba ar sWirdeba. es elementaruli Temebia.<br />
aseTi raRacebi iswavleba, oRond amas ar aqvs sistematiuri xasiaTi.<br />
20
albaT mniSvnelovania, rom gakeTdes saswavlo gegma aseTi<br />
kompetenciebisTvis, Tu ras niSnavs iyo moqalaqe da a.S. amas uwodeben<br />
`gamWol prioritetebs~ da gulisxmobs higienas, sagzao usafrTxoebas,<br />
punqtualurobas da a.S. Zalian bevri aseTi problema aqvs sazogadoebas<br />
da amis gamosworebas skolisgan elis, magram ar iqneboda swori, rom maT<br />
mosagvareblad cal-calke sagnebi SemogveRo.<br />
aleqsandre kakabaZe, studenti _ gasagebia, rom Seiqmneba sistema,<br />
romelic mogvcems saSualebas, rom gvyavdes ganaTlebuli maswavlebeli,<br />
romelic skolisTvis saWiro iqneba, magram aseTi xelfasis pirobebSi<br />
ramdenad eqneba adamians survili gaxdes maswavlebeli. ratom ar svams<br />
am sakiTxs <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> saministro, Tu maincdamainc sapatriarqom unda<br />
moiTxovos.<br />
simon janaSia _ es qveynis biujetiT aris ganpirobebuli. arc<br />
sapatriarqos survili Secvlis rames. warmoidgineT, yovelwliurad 300<br />
milioni xmardeba maswavleblebis xelfasebs. SeiZleba ise gadanawildes<br />
saministros biujeti, rom xelfasebisTvis cota ufro meti Tanxa<br />
gamoiyos, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom Zalian maRali iqneba<br />
maswavleblad gaxdomis motivacia. rac Seexeba imas, ramdeni<br />
maswavlebeli unda iyos motivirebuli cvlilebis misaRwevad, aris<br />
Zalian saintereso principi. imisTvis, rom sistemaSi gaumjobesebas<br />
miaRwio, ar aris saWiro 100%-iani cvlileba. 20% xSirad ganapirobebs<br />
80%-is Sedegebs. magaliTad, Tu gsurs, mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobeso<br />
swavlebis Sedegebi, maswavleblebis 20%-Si Tu gaaumjobeseb raRac<br />
qcevas, maSin danarCeni 80% daiwyebs igive raRacis keTebas. Tu 20%-s<br />
gaezdeba xelfasi, maSin gaCndeba motivacia, rom danarCeni 80%<br />
Caanacvlos ufro ukeTesma maswavlebelma. rasakvirvelia, motivaciis<br />
gasazrdelad ar aris aucilebeli 350-s amdenive Tanxa daamato.<br />
Tamar uzneliSvili, kerZo skolis, `sinaTle~, direqtori _<br />
sertificireba, Cemi azriT savaldebulo unda iyos yvela<br />
maswavleblisTvis. Sesabamisad, maT aseve unda hqondeT am gamocdebisTvis<br />
momzadebis saSualebac. magram vin iqnebian trenerebi. Tu Tqveni<br />
kategoriis trenerebi iqnebian, amas yvela miesalmeba, batono siko, magram<br />
regionebSi, vvaraudob, rom iqnebian fasilitatorebis doneze.<br />
simon janaSia _ erovnuli saswavlo gegmis danergva daiwyo Semdegi<br />
principiT. jer SeirCa asi skola, imisTvis, rom iq gamocda<br />
Catarebuliyo. aseve tardeboda saxelmZRvaneloebic gamocdac. da am<br />
skolebSi mimdinareobda maswavleblebis intensiuri treningi. Semdeg<br />
ukve, roca treningebs yvela skola unda moecva, gadawyda ori donis<br />
treningis Catareba. erT-erTSi treningebs ufro maRalkvalificiuri<br />
trenerebi atarebdnen, meore doneze am sapilote skolis maswavleblebi<br />
Tavad acnobdnen sakuTar gamocdilebas sxva maswavleblebs. isini iyvnen<br />
21
fasilitatorebi. ra Tqma unda, SesaZloa, am maswavleblebis mier<br />
informaciis gavrcelebis xarisxi ar iyo maRali. treningebis pirveli<br />
etapis dasrulebis Semdeg SemoRebul iqna vauCerebi, oRond amjerad ukve<br />
sasertifikacio gamocdebisTvis mosamzadeblad. am SemTxvevaSi ukve xdeba<br />
rogorc satreningo programis, ise trenerebis Semowmeba.<br />
rac Seexeba savalebulo sertificirebas. warmovidginoT, ramden<br />
weliwadSi SeiZleba Seicvalos maswavleblebis 70%. weliwadSi rom iyos<br />
10%-iani cvla, amisTvis saWiroa 7 aTasi <strong>axali</strong> maswavlebeli. amdeni<br />
adamiani sul ar swavlobs saqarTveloSi am specialobiT da arc<br />
iswavlis, Tu ar iqneba seriozuli motivacia amisaTvis. amitom maqsimums<br />
unda mivaRwioT arsebuli maswavleblebiT da vecadoT, rom gaCndes<br />
motivacia imisTvis, rom saukeTesoebi midiodnen am sistemaSi. es aris<br />
moklevadiani perspeqtiva. grZelvadiani perspeqtiviT unda moxdes<br />
maswavlebelTa umravlesobis kvalifikaciis amaRleba an Canacvleba.<br />
Tumca amis zewolis meqanizmi CvenTan ar aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
kanonSi weria, rom direqtors aqvs ufleba gaaTavisuflos maswavlebeli,<br />
romelsac ar aqvs Sesabamisi xarisxi, arCevnebis periodSi maT<br />
eubnebodnen, rom aravin ar gaeSvaT skolidan, piriqiT, ufro<br />
grZelvadiani kontraqti gaeformebinaT maswavleblebTan. yovelive amaSi<br />
didi wvlili miuZRvis profkavSirebs. gamovida erTi ram,<br />
decentralizacia ver ganxorcielda. direqtors ki miveciT xarisxze<br />
zrunvis ufleba da pasuxismgebleoba, magram Tan uTxres, rom Tavi<br />
gaenebebina am zrunvisTvis, Tu es maswavleblebis gaSvebas da maT<br />
Canacvlebas gamoiwvevda.<br />
Tamar uzneliSvili, kerZo skolis, `sinaTle~, direqtori _ Tqven<br />
aseve TqviT, rom aris 27 aTasi kursdamTavrebuli, da aris amdenive<br />
adgili umaRles saswavleblebSi. Cemi azriT, aqedan modis yvela<br />
problema. ratom aZleven universitetebs studentebis amxela raodenobis<br />
miRebis uflebas?<br />
marine CitaSvili _ Tqvens mier dayenebul sakiTxs ori ganzomileba<br />
aqvs. pirveli is gaxlavT, rom meore msoflio omis Semdeg, ufro 70-iani<br />
wlebidan, gadavdivarT masobriv umaRles ganaTlebaze. qveynis<br />
ganviTarebis erT-erT indikatorad iTvleba, Tu ramdeni adamianisTvis<br />
aris xelmisawvdomi umaRlesi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> miReba. Sesabamisad is, rom es<br />
marTlac bevrisTvis iyos xelmisawvdomi, SesaZloa, politikuri miznis<br />
gamovlinebac iyos. realurad es xorcieldeba sruliad sxva mizniT sxva<br />
institutis mier. arsebobs institucionaluri akreditaciis gawerili<br />
gegma, romelic gulisxmobs, Tu ramdeni studentis miReba SeuZlia<br />
saswavlebels farTiss da sxvadasxva teqnikuri saSualebis kvalobaze. es<br />
umaRlesi saswavleblebi akmayofileben am pirobebs da amitom<br />
akreditaciis samsaxurs ara aqvs maTi SezRudvis ufleba. Tumca, es ar<br />
aris institucionaluri akreditacia, es aris licenziis gacema. meore<br />
sakiTxi, umaRlesi saswavlebeli ra programas aswavlis students, es<br />
22
absoluturad gaugebaria. magaliTad fineTSi, umaRlesi ganaTleba aris<br />
60%. CvenTan gamodis daaxloebiT 27%. maSin roca 1991 wels, rodesac 9<br />
aTasi studenti unda mieRoT, da es ricxvi Seadgenda<br />
kursdamTavrebulebis 13-15%-s. me, rogorc umaRlesi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong><br />
warmomadgeneli, problemas imaSi vxedav, rom ar arsebobs gansazRvruli<br />
meqanizmi imisaTvis, rom vTqvaT, vaZlevT am adamianebs umaRles<br />
ganaTlebas Tu ara.<br />
skolebSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris mizniT Zalovan struqturebTan<br />
TanamSromlobis sakiTxs minda davubrunde. es amerikaSi SemoiRes<br />
banduras socialuri daswavlis Teoriis Semdeg, rodesac aRmoCnda, rom<br />
Turme modelis aReba xdeba daswavlis gziT da agresiuloba ar gaxlavT<br />
individualuri fenomeni. mogexenebaT, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi<br />
skolebs Temi afinansebs. aqedan gamomdinare, iseT skolebSi, romlebic<br />
ar aris kargad dafinansebuli da ara aqvT saSualeba hyavdeT kargi<br />
maswavleblebi, hqondeT normaluri programa, Zaladobis done ufro<br />
maRalia, vidre iseTi fenis bavSvebSi, romlebic socialurad ufro<br />
uzrunvelyofilebi arian. radgan CaiTvala, rom es aris socialuri<br />
daswavlis fenomeni, gadawyda saxelmwifos Careva, raTa socialuri<br />
daswavlis fenomeni Secvliliyo pozitiuri modeliT.<br />
60-ian wlebSi, igive banduras kvlevebis mixedviT skandinaviis<br />
qveynebSi SemoiRes <strong>axali</strong> tipis midgoma, romelic gulisxmobs imas, rom<br />
adamians ar rCeba dro sxva saqmianobis gansaxorcieleblad, Tuki is<br />
drois garkveul monakveTSi mudmivad aris dakavebuli erTi tipis<br />
saqmianobiT. skolis SemTxvevaSi, misi <strong>ZiriTad</strong>i saqme unda iyos swavleba,<br />
da es ar exeba mxolod konkretuli sagnebis swavlebas. SvedeTSi biWic<br />
da gogoc, Tanabrad swavlobs qsovas da skamis gamoCarxvas. skandinaviis<br />
qveynebSi aiRes principi, romlis mixedviTac saqmianobiT srulad unda<br />
iyos dakavebuli is dro, rasac atareben skolaSi, daaxloebiT dilis 9<br />
saaTidan 3-4 saaTamde. aseT dros swavleba paralelurad iZens sxva<br />
datvirTvas.<br />
ideaSi, me araferi sawinaaRmdego ara maqvs Zalismieri<br />
struqturebis mimarT, imitom rom Tu gvinda saxelmwifo gvqondes, aseTi<br />
struqturebi aucilebelia, magram ar mesmis, ra undaT maT skolaSi. es<br />
aris problema. skolaSi unda iyos maswavlebeli, romelic TviTon<br />
moagvarebs problemebs.<br />
lika Rlonti, `tempusis~ erovnuli ofisi, umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblebis akreditaciis sabWos Tavmjdomare _ me Tavad gaxldiT<br />
iniciatori, rom umaRles saswavleblebSi adgilebi gazrdiliyo. imitom<br />
rom dRes samwuxarod ar gvaqvs legaluri instrumentebi imisaTvis, rom<br />
kargad SevamowmoT swavlebis xarisxi. dRes saqarTveloSi aris 69<br />
saxelmwifos mier aRiarebuli umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba.<br />
maTgan ocdaoTxSi studentTa kontigenti aris 500-ze naklebi. erT-erT<br />
aseT saswavlebelSi 156 studenti hyavT. amitom, wels vinc ki Semoitana<br />
ganacxadi akreditaciis sabWoSi adgilebis raodenobis gazrdaze, yvelas<br />
23
davukmayofileT es Txovna da wels gvaqvs rekorduli maCvenebeli. wels<br />
misaReb gamocdebze gamocxaddeba 40522 adgili. es erTis mxriv niSnavs<br />
imas, rom yvela moswavle, romelic kompetenciis minimalur zRvars<br />
gadalaxavs, Cairicxeba umaRlesSi, magram es niSnavs imasac, rom umaRles<br />
saswavleblebSi uamravi vakansia darCebaT. imitom rom viciT, rom am<br />
kompetenciis gadalaxva sakmaod rTulia. universitetebs ar aRmoaCndaT<br />
imdeni goneba-gamWriaxoba, an bizneswarmodgena saimisod, rom rodesac<br />
bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi rCebodaT vakansiebi, wels isev ar<br />
SemoetanaT kontigentis gazrdaze ganacxadi. amitom Cvenc realurad<br />
vuwyobT xels maT amaSi, radgan gvaqvs realuri prognozi imisa, rom<br />
isini gakotrebis saSiSroebis winaSe dadgebian. imitom rom cnobilia,<br />
rom umaRlesi saswavleblebis dafinansebis 70% da meti ganpirobebulia<br />
im TanxiT, romelic SemoaqvT studentebs.<br />
Tu saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi danarCeni 30% SeiZleba kvlevebiT<br />
mopovebuli grantebi iyos, kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis biujeti 100%-<br />
T emyareba studentebis mier Semotanil Tanxas. anu, im saswavleblebis<br />
gza, romlebmac nacvlad imisa, rom xarisxSi CaedoT garkveuli Tanxa,<br />
farTobi gazardes, rom ufro meti studentis miReba SesZlebodaT,<br />
gakotrebisken aris. es, mimaCnia, rom aris erT-erTi arapirdapiri gza<br />
imisTvis, rom gaiwmindos umaRlesi <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> sivrce da konkurenciaSi<br />
gadarCes is, visac ufro meti unari gaaCnia. es imasac gamoiwvevs, rom<br />
umaRlesi saswavleblebi ufro metad iqnebian xarisxze orientirebulebi,<br />
imitom rom axla iwyeba is faza, roca unda daiwyos seriozuli brZola<br />
studentisTvis. 40522 adgili misaReb gamocdebze amisi mSvenieri<br />
indikatori iqneba.<br />
daviT arabiZe, <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> erovnuli kavSiri _ sameurveo sabWoebSi<br />
TviTmarTvelobaze laparaki zedmetia. direqtorTa korpusi politikuri<br />
niSniT SeirCa. imitom rom konkursis mniSvneloba gadafara gasaubrebam,<br />
romelzec ar yofila dadgenili standartebi. amitom gvaqvs aseTi<br />
tragikuli mdgomareoba saskolo sistemaSi. Cven, sazogadoebam, ver<br />
SevZeliT realurad migveRo monawileoba sameurveo sabWoebis<br />
formirebaSi da direqtorTa korpusi robotis mdgomareobaSi. is yvela<br />
zemodan wamosul brZanebas gauazreblad Seasrulebs. mainteresebs Tqveni<br />
azri am formiT Seqmnil direqtorTa korpusze.<br />
simon janaSia _ sameurveo sabWos arCevnebi Caatara skolam.<br />
komisiis Tavmjdomare iyo saministro. anu, zemdgomi organo ganixilavda<br />
saCivrebs. skola atarebda arCevnebs winaswari SerCevis safuZvelze. rac<br />
Seexeba am <strong>sistemis</strong> politizirebas. is cnobili lototroni swored<br />
imitom iyo SemoRebuli, rom direqtorTa SerCeva naklebad yofiliyo<br />
politizirebuli. amitom gabrazda yvela da maT Soris, mmarTveli<br />
partia. iseTi sistema iyo, rom Tu adamiani aCvenebda saukeTeso qulebs,<br />
TviTon irCevda skolas, Tu ara da, SemTxveviTi SerCevis principiT<br />
24
nawildeboda im skolebis erTobaSi, sadac TviTon iyo Tanaxma, rom<br />
ganawilebuliyo.<br />
kidev erTi detali, romelic manamde arsad gviTqvams. Cven maSin<br />
gamogvigzavnes siebi, sadac ewera, rom es adamianebi ar unda gasuliyvnen.<br />
es <strong>ZiriTad</strong>ad iyo adgilobrivi xelisuflebebis mier Sedgenili sia,<br />
sadac ewera, rom es adamianebi politikurad aramizanSewonilebi iyvnen<br />
da Cven es unda gagveTvaliswinebina. Cven ra Tqma unda, es ver<br />
gaviTvaliswineT da amanac didi gaRizianeba gamoiwvia. swored amitom<br />
daiwyo disciplinireba. dRevandeli cvlilebebic aris imis magaliTi, Tu<br />
rogor xdeba <strong>ganaTlebis</strong> <strong>sistemis</strong> disciplinireba.<br />
marine CitaSvili _ rodesac lototroni Catarda, amerikis<br />
SeerTebul StatebSi, stenfordis universitetSi gaxldiT da iqaur<br />
kolegebs vuambe kidec lototronis Sesaxeb. CemTvis yvelaze mZime mTel<br />
am situaciaSi iyo is Secdomebi, romlebsac uSvebda is xalxi, romelsac<br />
pretenzia hqonda skolis direqtorobaze. mTavri problema isev midis<br />
profesionalizmamde. politika an wesrigi garkveul profesiaSi aris<br />
meore saqme, jer sakuTar Tqvze unda SegveZlos gamarTulad Tqma, rom<br />
varT profesionalebi. gmadlobT yuradRebisaTvis.<br />
25
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