Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia
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Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia

Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia

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saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia

didi iubile

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />

aRsaydrebis saiubileo TariRis gamo<br />

bednieria eri, romelsac sulier mamad da winamZRvrad<br />

iseTi adamiani hyavs, rogoricaa sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. amitom<br />

savsebiT gasagebia is evforia da enTuziazmi, romelsac<br />

mTeli qarTveloba Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis<br />

ocdameaTe da misi dabadebis samocdameTxuTmete wlisTavze<br />

ganicdis; arasodes y<strong>of</strong>ila marTlmadidebeli qarTveli eri<br />

sarwmunoebrivad ise mTliani da erTiani, rogorc es Cvens<br />

droSia, da am erTianobis brwyinvale simboloa bolo wleb-<br />

Si agebuli wmida samebis grandiozuli sakaTedro taZari,<br />

romelic mfarvelad gadmohyurebs Tbiliss da mTels saqarTvelos.<br />

amasTanave, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II maRali suliereba<br />

emyareba mis pirovnebaSi rwmenisa da codnis Serwymas erTian<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobiTs sistemad, sadac sarwmunoeba da mecniereba<br />

ki ar ewinaaRmdegebian, aramed avseben da asazrdoeben<br />

erTmaneTs. swored es gaxda safuZveli imisa, rom Cveni ka-<br />

Tolikos-patriarqi – mravali universitetis sapatio doqtori<br />

– saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademias erTsulovnad<br />

aerCia Tavis sapatio wevrad – sapatio akademikosad.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi sul ramdenime SemTxvevaa cnobili umaRlesi rangis<br />

sasuliero piris qveynis mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio<br />

wevrad arCevisa...

dRes saerTaSoriso mecnierebaSi metad aqtualuria<br />

tradiciuli problema codnisa da rwmenis, mecnierebisa da<br />

sarwmunoebis urTierTmimarTebis Taobaze. warsulisa da Cveni<br />

drois udidesi mecnierebi da moazrovneni, rogorc humanitarebi,<br />

aseve sabunebismetyvelo dargebis warmomadgenelni,<br />

Rrmad morwmune adamianebi iyvnen da arian...<br />

ase magaliTad, maqs planki – udidesi mecnieri_bunebismetyveli,<br />

Tanamedrove Teoriuli fizikis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli<br />

– Tvlis, rom mecniereba da sarwmunoeba ki ar upirispirdeba<br />

erTmaneTs, aramed isini avseben erTmaneTs da komplementarulni<br />

arian erTurTis mimarT (nils boris `damatebi-<br />

Tobis principis~ gagebiT), xolo eTikis sfero ki mTlianad<br />

religias ganekuTvneba... swored qristianuli eTika aris mecnieruli<br />

moRvaweobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi sfero kaTolikospatriarqisa,<br />

romelic saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul<br />

akademiaSi `qristianuli Teologiis da religiis istoriis<br />

Semswavlel komisias~ xelmZRvanelobs.<br />

winamdebare krebulSi, romelic mTeli Cveni qveynisa da<br />

xalxisaTvis am RirsSesaniSnav TariRs eZRvneba, Tavmoyrilia<br />

gamoCenili qarTveli da ucxoeli moRvaweebis misalmebebi da<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis umniSvnelovanesi<br />

erovnuli – sasuliero da saero – saqmianobis amsaxveli<br />

werilebi.<br />

vusurvoT Cvens kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetares<br />

ilia II kidev didxans, didxans y<strong>of</strong>iliyos mTeli Cveni<br />

xalxis gamaerTianebeli da sulieri winamZRoli.<br />

akademikosi Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis prezidenti.

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis saerTo kreba<br />

dadgenileba # 3<br />

2005 wlis 11 marti<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

sapatio akademikosad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II<br />

arCevis Sesaxeb<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis saerTo kreba<br />

adgens:<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio akademikosad<br />

arCeul iqnes sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

prezidenti, akademikosi T. gamyreliZe

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis 2005 wlis<br />

11 martis saerTo krebis angariSi<br />

Tavmjdomareobs akademiis prezidenti,<br />

akademikosi Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />

(stenografiuli Canaweri)<br />

Tavmjdomare _ batonebo, Zvirfaso kolegebo,<br />

dRes saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis (<strong>of</strong>icialurad, jerjerobiT,<br />

Cvens akademias ewodeba `saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia~, magram,<br />

imedia, sul male mas daerqmeva `saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademia~) did darbazSi Sedgeba akademiis saerTo kreba, romlis dRis<br />

wesrigSi aris erTi sakiTxi _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II arCeva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis sapatio wevrad _ sapatio akademikosad.<br />

dRes Cvens krebas eswrebian saerTo krebis wevrebi; siiTi Semadgenlobis<br />

102 wevridan saerTo krebas eswreba 100 wevri; krebas eswrebian<br />

agreTve akademiis samecniero dawesebulebaTa direqtorebi da institutebis<br />

warmomadgenlebi. amdenad, kreba uflebamosilia Seudges Tavis<br />

saqmianobas.<br />

Cvens dRevandel krebas eswrebian agreTve mravalricxovani stumrebi<br />

_ mTavrobisa da parlamentis wevrebi, aseve Cvens qveyanaSi akreditebuli<br />

elCebi da saqarTveloSi warmodgenili sxvadasxva konfesiis warmomadgenlebi.<br />

rasakvirvelia, isini kenWisyraSi monawileobas ar iReben,<br />

magram sasiamovnoa maTi monawileoba am sazeimo sxdomaSi.<br />

minda mogaxsenoT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

ilia II mokle biografiuli cnobebi.<br />

ilia II, eriskacobaSi _ irakli giorgis Ze RuduSauri-SiolaSvili,<br />

dabadebuli 1933 wels, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

1977 wlidan.<br />

1956 wels daamTavra moskovis sasuliero seminaria, 1960 wels _<br />

sasuliero akademia.<br />

1963 wlidan Semoqmedis episkoposia, 1967 wlidan _ cxum-afxazeTis<br />

episkoposi, 1969 wlidan _ mitropoliti;<br />

1963_72 wlebSi igi mcxeTis sasuliero seminariis reqtoria.<br />

1960 wels RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad daicva<br />

disertacia Temaze _ `aTonis iverTa monastris istoria~.<br />

1978_83 wlebSi iyo eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWos prezidenti; aris

niu-iorkis sasuliero akademiis RvTismetyvelebis sapatio doqtori;<br />

1977 wlidan _ kretis sasuliero akademiis sapatio wevri; imave wlidan<br />

_ gaerosTan arsebuli informatizaciis saerTaSoriso akademiis namdvili<br />

wevri;<br />

1998 wlidan _ amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saRvTismetyvelo<br />

seminariis RvTismetyvelebis sapatio doqtori.<br />

1988 wels sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis TaosnobiT<br />

mcxeTis sasuliero seminaria TbilisSi gadmoitanes da daarsda<br />

Tbilisis sasuliero akademia_seminaria; saukuneTa Semdeg kvlav aRdga<br />

`gelaTis sasuliero akademia~ da eklesiis egidiT _ `gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademia~.<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT Tanamedrove qarTul<br />

enaze gamoica biblia, saRvTismetyvelo krebulebi, wignebi, sami saxis<br />

kalendari da mravali sxva.<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II dajildoebulia ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos,<br />

antioqiis, ierusalimis, aleqsandriis, ruseTis, saqarTvelos,<br />

saberZneTis, bulgareTis, rumineTis patriarqebis, poloneTis, Cexoslovakiisa<br />

da TiTqmis yvela sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRlesi<br />

jildoebiT.<br />

1997 wels, aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi dajildovda daviT aRmaSeneblis ordeniT.<br />

mefe daviTi iyo ara mxolod mefe-aRmaSenebeli, aramed mefe-ganmana-<br />

Tlebelic, romelmac daafuZna uZvelesi qarTuli samecniero akademiebi;<br />

daviT aRmaSenebeli aris agreTve mfarveli saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiisa da swored daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes<br />

daarsda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis didad mniSvnelovani<br />

saqvelmoqmedo fondi _ `mecnierebis, kulturisa da sulierebis<br />

aRorZinebisa da ganviTarebis fondi~, romelmac ukve am mokle<br />

xanSi mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga Cveni sulierebis aRorZinebisa<br />

da ganmtkicebisaTvis.<br />

ai, mokled is gza, romelic ganvlo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II.<br />

me mogaxseneT mokle biografiuli cnobebi da vTxov akademiis<br />

wevrebs, gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi.<br />

akad. m. lorTqifaniZe _ Tqveno uwmidesobav, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqo!<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis prezidento, batono<br />

Tamaz!

qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />

dRes qarTveli xalxis cxovrebaSi da sakuTriv qarTveli inteligenciis,<br />

mecnieruli inteligenciis cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli da<br />

mniSvnelovani dRea. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia asrulebs Tavis<br />

did vals, akeTebs did saqmes da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />

ilia II, irCevs Tavis sapatio wevrad. Cven movismineT uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II biografia da vnaxeT, Tu ramdeni sasuliero<br />

akademiis da arasasuliero akademiebis sapatio da namdvili wevri<br />

brZandeba igi.<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis mier ilia II arCeva Tavis sapatio<br />

wevrad aris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi etapi, romelic ukve metnaklebad<br />

TviTon uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II didi TaosnobiTa da<br />

mondomebiT xorcieldeba CvenSi religiisa da mecnierebis dakavSirebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II TavisTan daaarsa seminari,<br />

sadac moxsenebebi ikiTxeba religiisa da mecnierebis urTierTdakavSirebis<br />

Sesaxeb, da ai, am mxriv, mis mier gadadgmulma nabijma<br />

garkveuli Sedegebic moitana.<br />

garda imisa, rom uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II brZandeba Cveni<br />

erovnuli eklesiis, saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi saWeTmpyrobeli,<br />

is TviTon brZandeba mecnieri. [misi samecniero xarisxi, eklesiis<br />

istoria da qveynis istoria erTi da igivea.] eklesiis istoria<br />

aris qveynis istoriis uSualo Semadgeneli nawili, ase rom, mis mier<br />

daculi xarisxi eklesiis istoriis dargSi namdvilad qveynis istoriis<br />

ganuy<strong>of</strong>eli nawilia. rodesac Cven mis qadagebebs vkiTxulobT,<br />

romelTa didi nawili gamocemulia, aSkarad vxedavT mis mier wamoWril<br />

araerT mecnierul problemas da mecnierul sakiTxs, romlebzec zogjer<br />

TviTon scems pasuxs da romelTa dayeneba mecnierebis winaSe mas aseve<br />

aucileblad miaCnia.<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiisaTvis dRes, rodesac akademia<br />

axal safexurze adis da ganviTarebis axal gzaze gamodis, didi pativia<br />

is, rom uwmidesma da umetaresma Tanxmoba ganacxada da survili gamoTqva,<br />

iyos am akademiis sapatio wevri. vfiqrob, amiT orive mxare bevrs<br />

iZens da iqmneba erTi mniSvnelovani birTvi, romelic mecnierebas, religiis<br />

istoriis mecnierul kvlevas maRal doneze da maRal safexurze<br />

aiyvans.<br />

pirvel rigSi, me piradad did pativad mimaCnia, rom momeca ufleba,<br />

gamovide dRes aq da Cemi azri gamovTqva, da vfiqrob, rom akademiis<br />

wevrebis, visac xmis ufleba gvaqvs, da maTi, visac aq xmis ufleba ara aqvs,<br />

sul erTia, es yvelas saerTo survilia, saerTo sixarulia da vfiqrob,<br />

10

om dRevandeli dRe Seva rogorc erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dRe ara mxolod<br />

qarTuli eklesiisa da qarTuli akademiis, aramed saerTod qarTveli<br />

eris istoriaSi.<br />

gmadlobT (taSi).<br />

Tavmjdomare _ gmadlobT. akademikosi SoTa nadiraSvili.<br />

akad. S. nadiraSvili _ Zvirfaso megobrebo,<br />

saqarTvelos sulierebis istoriaSi marTlac mniSvnelovani dRea.<br />

qalbatonma marikam sworad Tqva, mecnierebisa da religiis daaxloeba<br />

aucilebelia xalxis sulieri ganviTarebisaTvis. samwuxarod, es ori<br />

dargi didi sulierebis samsaxurisa erTmaneTTan dacilebuli iyo aqamde.<br />

CvenTvis naTeli xdeba, rom TandaTan es ori sfero uaxlovdeba<br />

erTmaneTs da qarTveli xalxis erad da saxelmwifod CamoyalibebisTvis<br />

amas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. am saqmeSi mecnierebis mxridan aris<br />

garkveuli muSaobac da warmatebebic, magram udidesi nabijebi am mimar-<br />

TulebiT idgmeba eklesiis mxridan. patriarqis mecadineoba, rom Cveni<br />

mecniereba da religia daukavSirdes erTmaneTs, udidesia. rogorc<br />

iciT, misi epistoleebi miZRvnilia iseTi seriozuli sakiTxebisadmi,<br />

romlebic sulierebis ganviTarebas exeba rogorc rwmenis, sarwmunoebis,<br />

ise mecnierebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

Tqven moismineT biografia, romelSic saocari simdidriT aris<br />

warmodgenili Cveni patriarqis moRvaweoba rogorc eklesiaSi, ise<br />

mecnierebaSi. me vecnobodi am epistoleebs da unda giTxraT, rom maTSi<br />

saocari simaxviliT aris dasmuli is sakiTxebi, romlebic dRes Cvens<br />

qveyanas sWirdeba, rasac fsiqologia unda akeTebdes; iseTi cnebebi,<br />

rogoric aris damoukideblobis, Tavisuflebis, azrovnebis, aRzrdis<br />

sakiTxebi.<br />

misi xelmZRvanelobiT Seiqmna mecnierebisa da kulturis gadarCenis<br />

fondi _ Tavidanve daiwyo didi saqmiT; mis epistoleebSi mocemulia<br />

mowodeba qarTuli mecnierebis mimarTac, rom Cvens mecnierebas sWirdeba<br />

iseTi monacemebi, romelTa safuZvelzec Cveni xalxi, Cveni axalgazrda<br />

Taoba aRizrdeba im aspeqtebiT, romlebiTac is gaxdeba didi<br />

Semoqmedi sulieri TvalsazrisiT, saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT,<br />

azrovnebisa da moralis TvalsazrisiT. mis epistoleebSi<br />

saintereso sakiTxebi dgas da minda swored maTze, Cveni axalgazrdobis<br />

aRzrdisa da gonebrivi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb vTqva mokled. aRzrdis<br />

sakiTxebi Cvenma patriarqma daukavSira narkologiis im saSiSroebas,<br />

romelic udides uary<strong>of</strong>iT gavlenas axdens Cvens axalgazrdobaze da<br />

igi ganixila saerTo konteqstSi aRzrdis TvalsazrisiT: Cveni Taoba<br />

unda Camoyalibdes rogorc garkveuli inteleqtualuri, aseve aSkara<br />

11

miznobrivi sistemis safuZvelze; mas unda hqondes miswrafeba, mas unda<br />

hqondes amocanebi, miznebi, romelTa Sesruleba adamianebs nebisy<strong>of</strong>as<br />

uviTarebs. aseve xazi gaesva Cveni axalgazrdobis muSaobas amocanebis<br />

gadawyvetis, problemebis gadaWris TvalsazrisiT, rac, misi azriT, da<br />

samarTlianadac, azrovnebisa da inteleqtualuri mxaris ganviTarebasa<br />

da Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels. saocari mecnieruli alRoTi aris<br />

dayenebuli sakiTxebi, romlebzec Cven, fsiqologebi, unda vmuSaobdeT.<br />

vfiqrob, rom akademiam dRes seriozuli nabiji unda gadadgas im<br />

TvalsazrisiT, rom eris samsaxuri da mecnierebis samsaxuri gaerTiandes,<br />

dauaxlovdes erTmaneTs. Cven yvela, me mgoni, Zalian moxarulni<br />

varT, rom eklesia da mecniereba ase ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs im pirovnebis<br />

saxiT, visac aseTi didi wvlili aqvs Setanili rogorc religiur saqmianobaSi,<br />

ise mecnierebis sakiTxebis dasmaSi, gadawyvetasa da mowodebaSi.<br />

me piradad mixaria, rom aseTi Temebi SeiZleba Cveni institutis muSaobaSic<br />

gaCndes; es faqtobrivad dagvisaxa kidec uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

da amis Sesruleba iqneba CvenTvis udidesi pativi, udidesi saqmianoba.<br />

darwmunebuli var, Cveni akademiis wevrebi da wevr-korespondentebi<br />

udidesi siamovnebiT miiReben monawileobas da yvela xmas mivcemT<br />

Cvens cnobil moRvawes, rom gaxdes Cveni akademiis sapatio wevri. es<br />

iqneba CvenTvis didi pativi, Cveni saqmianobis gagrZeleba, romelsac<br />

dRes bevri siZnele aqvs da problemis gadawyvetis saqmeSi Cven erTad<br />

vimuSavebT.<br />

gmadlobT yuradRebisaTvis (taSi).<br />

Tavmjdomare _ akademikosi daviT musxeliSvili.<br />

akad. d. musxeliSvili _ Tqveno uwmidesobav, batono prezidento,<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />

dRes rac xdeba am darbazSi, friad mniSvnelovania ara mxolod akademiisaTvis,<br />

aramed Cveni qveynisaTvis saerTod, radgan es aqcia misi<br />

uwmidesobis sapatio wevrad arCevisa akademiaSi, Cemi azriT, ara marto<br />

imis maCvenebelia, rom amiT gamoixateba mecnierebisa da eklesiis urTierTsasargeblo<br />

kavSiri, aramed, Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, imis damadasturebelia,<br />

rom saqarTvelos kulturis am ori didi sferos warmomadgenlebis<br />

sazogadoebrivi principebi erTiania. ra principebia es? pirvel<br />

rigSi, es aris zneobrioba, romelsac qarTuli qristianuli eklesia<br />

imTaviTve nergavda, avrcelebda Cvens qveyanaSi. mecniereba bolos da<br />

bolos aris simarTlis Tqma, amitom WeSmariti mecnieri amave dros WeSmaritad<br />

zneobrivi adamianic unda iyos.<br />

cnobilia, rom mas Semdeg, rac qristianoba saqarTvelos saxelmwifo<br />

religia gaxda, mTeli Cveni istoria mimarTuli iyo am sarwmu-<br />

12

noebis dacvisaken. meore mxriv, qarTuli qristianoba udides rols<br />

asrulebda Cveni erovnuli konsolidaciisa da Cveni erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

teritoriis erTianobis SesanarCuneblad. samwuxarod, es<br />

problema dResac mTeli sicxadiT dgas Cven winaSe. aq ar vgulisxmob mxolod<br />

afxazeTs da Sida qarTls, aramed mxedvelobaSi maqvs is proeqti,<br />

romelic warmodgenilia dRes federaciul principze saqarTvelos momavali<br />

administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis Taobaze; mecnierebis<br />

da, kerZod, istorikosebis azriT, igi araferi sikeTis momtani ar<br />

SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelosTvis da mecnierebi moxarulni varT, rom<br />

eklesiis azric igivea da eklesia am zemoxsenebuli teritoriuli danawevrebis<br />

winaaRmdegia. amas mowmobs Tundac is, rom Cvens institutSi<br />

mowyobili specialuri diskusiis dros swored sapatriarqos warmomadgeneli<br />

adasturebs am Tvalsazriss.<br />

dasasrul, minda aRvniSno, rom qristianul, kerZod, qarTul eklesias<br />

udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda istoriulad Cveni eris ganaTlebisa<br />

da mecnierebis ganviTarebaSi. TiTqmis yvela didi mecnieri qarTuli<br />

saeklesio wridan iyo gamosuli; me istoriul xanas vgulisxmob, rasakvirvelia.<br />

dResac, rodesac Cvens mecnierebas sxvaTa da sxvaTa mizezTa<br />

gamo prestiJuloba dakarguli aqvs, eklesia mxarSi udgas mecnierebas<br />

da mis ganviTarebas. amis dasturi gaxlavT Tundac is, rom Cvens institutSi<br />

Cveni patriarqis, ilia II, egidiT 2000 wels Seiqmna qristianuli<br />

kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri, romelmac ramdenime saerTaSoriso<br />

konferencia ukve Caatara da ramdenime Jurnali gamosca, raSic aqtiur<br />

monawileobas iRebdnen sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebic.<br />

amisive dasturia amas winaT Seqmnili _ Cveni patriarqis piradi<br />

iniciativiT _ sulierebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis aRorZinebisa<br />

da ganviTarebis fondi. es yvelaferi maZlevs uflebas imis Tqmisa, rom<br />

eklesiisa da mecnierebisaTvis rogorc zneobrivi, ise politikuri da<br />

kulturuli principebi saerTo gaxlavT. amisive dasturi unda iyos<br />

is, rom misi uwmidesoba daTanxmda, arCeuliyo Cveni akademiis sapatio<br />

wevrad.<br />

mivesalmebi am faqts; albaT, mTeli mecnieruli sazogadoeba<br />

miesalmeba amas. imeds gamovTqvam da mjera, rom es kavSiri mecnierebisa<br />

da eklesiisa momavalSi kidev ufro mWidro da nay<strong>of</strong>ieri gaxdeba Cveni<br />

qveynis sakeTildReod. gmadlobT (taSi).<br />

Tavmjdomare _ gmadlobT. sityva eZleva akademikos roin metrevels.<br />

akad. r. metreveli _ Tqveno uwmidesobav, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqo!<br />

13

atono prezidento,<br />

batono mTavrobis wevrebo, parlamentarebo,<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />

dRes erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi dRea Cvens cxovrebaSi, mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis, qarTuli sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi. es ar aris ubralo<br />

faqti _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis arCeva saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio wevrad. mqonda didi pativi, 1977<br />

wlis 25 dekembers vy<strong>of</strong>iliyavi sveticxovlis taZarSi, sadac sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad aRsaydrebul iqna misi uwmidesoba<br />

ilia II. am TariRs xazs imitom vusvam, rom aqedan daiwyo garkveulad<br />

axali mimarTuleba qarTul samociqulo marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi. es<br />

iyo inteleqtualuri mimarTuleba, es iyo axali kavSirebi mecnierebasTan,<br />

axali kavSirebi ganaTlebasTan, kulturasTan da yovelive amis<br />

moTave gaxldaT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II.<br />

erTi wuTiTac ar gamovricxav aq yvela winamorbedis uzarmazar amagsa<br />

da Rvawls, misi uwmidesobis winamorbedebisas, romlebmac udidesi<br />

amagi dasdes saqarTvelos, mis kulturas, mis istorias gansakuTrebiT<br />

rTul periodSi.<br />

mogexsenebaT, rom 1917 wels aRdga qarTuli avtokefaliuri eklesia<br />

da misi pirveli kaTolikos-patriarqi kirioni gaxldaT, uaRresad<br />

didi moRvawe, mecnieri. kirionma akurTxa Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />

1918 wels. Semdgom misi gza gaagrZela uwmidesma leonidem<br />

da gansakuTrebiT minda gamovyo ambrosi xelaia, romelic leonides<br />

Semdeg ramdenime wlis manZilze moRvaweobda da romlis saxelTan<br />

mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli saqarTvelosadmi siyvaruli, qveynis<br />

bedze fiqri; Semdeg iyvnen: qristefore da kalistrate cincaZe, romlis<br />

uzarmazari roli gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos; Semdeg melqisedeki,<br />

efremi da uwmidesi daviTi. aq araferia dasamali, rodesac uwmidesi<br />

ilia II kaTolikos-patriarqis taxtze iqna aRsaydrebuli, sagangebo<br />

trapezi iqna gadaxdili da iq sruliad somexTa kaTolikosma vazgenma<br />

warmoTqva Zalian saintereso sityva; man umaRlesi Sefaseba misca ilia<br />

II winamorbedTa mier gaweul Rvawls da Tqva, rom roca me movedi, somxeTis<br />

eklesiis mrevli maSin ar iyo didi, dangreuli iyo eklesiebi da<br />

Semdeg bevri ram gakeTda; dRes Tqvenc am mdgomareobaSi xarTo, _ mimarTa<br />

man kaTolikos-patriarqs, _ magram Rrmad var darwmunebuli, rom qar-<br />

Tuli eklesia aRdgeba, aRorZindeba, gafarTovdeba da misi mSenebloba<br />

farTod gaiSlebao. da marTlac, es Sesrulda, es aris misi uwmidesobis<br />

didi amagi.<br />

minda xazi gavusva im garemoebas, rom misi uwmidesobis samecniero<br />

14

moRvaweoba farTo da mravlismomcvelia. mxedvelobaSi maqvs is epistoleebi,<br />

romlebsac igi saaRdgomod Tu saSobaod gamoscems, gansakuTrebiT<br />

minda aRvniSno bolo saSobao epistole, romelic aucileblad<br />

samagido wignad unda gamoviyenoT, sadac mTeli sigrZe-siganiT<br />

aris ganxiluli dRevandeli viTareba saqarTvelosi da is problemebi,<br />

romlebic qveynis winaSe dgas, problemebi, romelTac udidesi mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs saxelmwifoebrivi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. amiT imis<br />

Tqma minda, rom kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II yovelTvis mzad aris,<br />

rom saxelmwifos samsaxurSi, qveynis samsaxurSi, xalxis samsaxurSi<br />

idges da man es araerTgzis daamtkica, araerTgzis moimoqmeda iseTi<br />

ram, rac sanimuSo iyo yvela qarTvelisTvis.<br />

minda mogagonoT 1991_92 wlebi, rodesac praqtikulad sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma uzarmazari misia ikisra, misia<br />

Cveni orad gaxleCili sazogadoebis Serigebisa da bevri sasikeTo saqmec<br />

gaakeTa. misi uwmidesoba gaxlavT mravali akademiis wevri, mravali<br />

universitetis sapatio doqtori; aq yvela iyo CamoTvlili. 2003 wels<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />

sapatio doqtorad iqna arCeuli. is aris didi megobari universitetisa,<br />

didi megobari studentebisa, didi megobari Cveni pr<strong>of</strong>esurisa<br />

da is xuTSabaTobebi, romlebsac igi atarebs, mTeli rigi RonisZiebebi,<br />

romlebsac igi udgas saTaveSi, Cveni xalxis, qveynis, mecnierebis, gana-<br />

Tlebis sasikeTod aris gamiznuli.<br />

me, rasakvirvelia, ise rogorc yvela Tqvengani, mxars vuWer da mivesalmebi<br />

im gadawyvetilebas, romelsac Cven miviRebT, rom sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II arCeul iqnes saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio wevrad (taSi).<br />

Tavmjdomare _ batonebo, mivmarTav saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

saerTo krebas, saerTo krebis wevrebs _ akademikosebs, wevr-korespondentebsa<br />

da institutebis warmomadgenlebs:<br />

Cveni wesdebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio<br />

wevris arCeva xdeba faruli an Ria kenWisyriT. Semomaqvs winadadeba,<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II avirCioT<br />

akademiis sapatio wevrad Ria kenWisyriT (taSi).<br />

amdenad, me vayeneb winadadebas _ akademiis saerTo krebis wevrTagan<br />

vin aris momxre imisa, rom sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II arCeul iqnes saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis sapatio wevrad?<br />

gmadlobT.<br />

vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin.<br />

15

Tavi vin Seikava? aravin.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II arCeulia saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio akademikosad<br />

(xangrZlivi taSi).<br />

Tavmjdomare _ sityva aqvs saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

sapatio akademikoss, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs<br />

ilia II.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II _ batono prezidento, qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />

upirveles yovlisa, yvelas mogesalmebiT da madlobas mogaxsenebT<br />

am didi wodebis moniWebisaTvis. me Tavs vixri Cveni mecnierebis winaSe<br />

da minda vTqva, rom didia Tqveni Rvawli, Tqveni wvlili erisa da eklesiis<br />

winaSe, Cveni qveynis winaSe. Zveli romaelebi ambobdnen Tempora<br />

mutantur et nos mutamur in illis _ `droni icvlebian da Cvenc vicvlebiT<br />

maTTan erTad~. es istoriuli aqti, romelic am wuTebSi xdeba, warmoudgeneli<br />

iqneboda sabWoTa kavSiris dros; es aris pirveli SemTxveva,<br />

rom saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi arCeul iqna mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

sapatio wevrad.<br />

me minda vTqva, rom saqarTvelos tradicia, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

tradicia, iyo da rCeba is, rom eklesia da mecniereba iyo metad<br />

daaxloebuli erTmaneTTan. Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom TiTqmis<br />

yvela monasteri iyo ara marto didi sulierebis centri, aramed iyo<br />

didi mecnieruli savane, sadac iwereboda originaluri wignebi, sadac<br />

iTargmneboda sxvadasxva mecnieruli da saRvTismetyvelo wignebi da sadac<br />

moRvaweobdnen didi mecnierebi.<br />

aviRoT, Tundac, Cveni gelaTis akademia; roca daviT aRmaSenebelma<br />

daaarsa gelaTis akademia, Tqven iciT, rom man misca aseTi wodeba Tu<br />

gegma, rom is unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo axali ierusalimi _ Tavisi didi sulierebiT,<br />

da meore aTina _ Tavisi didi mecnierebiT.<br />

Cven mTeli istoriis manZilze vcdilobdiT da vcdilobT, rom ganvaxorcieloT<br />

es anderZi didi mefis daviT aRmaSeneblisa. ar SeiZleba<br />

Cven vicxovroT mxolod Cveni warsuliT, ar SeiZleba Cven viamayoT<br />

mxolod Cveni didi istoriiT, aramed, upirveles yovlisa, dRes unda<br />

vifiqroT dRevandel dReze, dRevandel pirobebze, im siZneleebze, romlebic<br />

dgas eris winaSe, da unda vifiqroT momavalze.<br />

upirveles yovlisa, erma, eklesiam da saxelmwifom da, pirvel rig-<br />

Si, Cvenma mecnierebma, unda vifiqroT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras unda warmoadgendes<br />

qarTuli idea, qarTuli ideologia, is idea, romelic gadaar-<br />

Cens sruliad saqarTvelos.<br />

16

Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom uwmidessa da unetaress kalistrate<br />

cincaZes hqonda SesaniSnavi praqtika, romelsac Cven vagrZelebT: yovel<br />

xuTSabaTs imarTeboda Sexvedrebi mecnierebTan. ra Tqma unda, es ar<br />

iyo politikuri sakiTxebi imitom, rom es metad saSiSi iyo maSin; es<br />

iyo mecnieruli sakiTxebi _ es iyo ekonomika, es iyo filos<strong>of</strong>ia, es<br />

iyo xalxis cxovreba da yovelma mecnierma icoda, rom am dRes, xuTSabaT<br />

saRamos, kaTolikos-patriarqis kari mudam Ria iyo da mravali<br />

mecnieri ikribeboda masTan. amas hqonda udidesi mniSvneloba. Tqven<br />

mogexsenebaT, rom uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate iyo mmarTveli<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiisa yvelaze mZime wlebSi _ 1932-dan 1952 wlamde _<br />

20 wlis ganmavlobaSi. es is wlebi iyo, roca mravali represirebuli<br />

adamiani iyo, roca angrevdnen taZrebs, monastrebs. iyo iseTi periodi,<br />

roca kaTolikos-patriarqi sionis eklesiis ezoSi patara binaSi cxovrobda<br />

da iyo SemTxvevebi, roca mas akrZaluli hqonda saxlidan sionis<br />

taZarSi Sesvla. igi faqtobriv patimrobaSi imy<strong>of</strong>eboda; ra Tqma unda,<br />

is rezidencia, romelSic dRes Cven varT, maSin CamorTmeuli iyo; iyo<br />

iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca mTeli sinodi patimrobaSi iyo da uwmidesma da<br />

unetaresma gauZlo amas da saqarTvelos eklesia gadaarCina fizikur ganadgurebas.<br />

ra Tqma unda, upirveles yovlisa, xalxis mxardaWera hqonda<br />

mas da roca Cven vuyurebT ai am bolo periods, am 27 wels, romlebic me<br />

marguna ufalma, rom viyo saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, es iyo<br />

umZimesi wlebi. upirveles yovlisa, Tqven kargad gaqvT warmodgenili<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris periodi, xelisuflebis Secvla _ amas hqonda Zalian<br />

mZime Sedegebi rogorc Cveni eklesiisTvis, ise Cveni erisTvis, magram<br />

miuxedavad am siZneleebisa, eklesia mainc, neli nabijiT, magram mainc<br />

win midioda.<br />

Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom saqarTvelos ukavia rTuli geopolitikuri<br />

mdebareoba. me maxsendeba Cemi Sexvedra vatikanSi, mis uwmidesobasTan<br />

romis papTan ioane pavle II-sTan. es iyo pirveli Sexvedra<br />

da man gadmoiRo ruka, uyurebda saqarTvelos mdebareobas da ambobda, ra<br />

rTuli adgili gikaviaT Tqveno. me vuTxari, rom Cven mudam vibrZodiT,<br />

mudam vicavdiT Cvens enas, Cvens kulturas, Cvens eklesias, mudam brZolaSi<br />

viyaviT da man Tqva, rom albaT amitomac xarT Tqven Zlierebi, rom<br />

gauZeliT amaso. dResac aris es brZola, ufro sworad, dResac saWiroebs<br />

Cveni qveyana dacvas. Cvens qveyanas rukaze iseTi adgili ukavia, rom<br />

saqarTvelos sWirdeba dacva.<br />

me vfiqrob, rom mecnierebaTa akademiam unda gamoTqvas Tavisi rekomendaciebi<br />

saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSic, es Zalian mniSvnelovania.<br />

me mimaCnia, rom im metad mniSvnelovan da faseul Sromebs,<br />

17

omlebic Tqven gaqvT, unda icnobdes xalxi, unda icnobdes Cveni axalgazrdoba;<br />

Cveni axalgazrdoba unda aRvzardoT Tqvens Sromebze. maT<br />

unda icodnen, rom yoveli Tqvengani aris udidesi mecnieri, cnobili<br />

ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi. me vfiqrob, rom Cven<br />

yvelafers gavakeTebT da gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

fondi yvelafers gaakeTebs imisaTvis, rom mxarSi amovudgeT Cvens<br />

mecnierebs da aRvadginoT kavSiri mecnierebaTa akademiasa da Cvens axalgazrda<br />

Taobas Soris.<br />

Tqven albaT yuradReba miaqcieT saeklesio droSas, romelzec gamosaxulia<br />

wmida ninos jvari da jvars garSemo misdevs farTo, ganieri da<br />

ufro viwro lurji feris zoli; ganieri da viwro zolebi uerTdeba<br />

erTmaneTs jvris garSemo da es swored imis miTiTebaa, rom kavSiri unda<br />

iyos ufrossa da umcros TaobaTa Soris. es yvelaferi saqarTvelos sakeTildReod<br />

unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.<br />

me madlobeli viqnebi, Tu Tqvengan miviReb rCevebs, rekomendaciebs.<br />

imedi maqvs, rom Cven mWidro kavSiri gveqneba.<br />

minda gavixseno erT-erTi xuTSabaTi, roca mqonda Sexvedra Cvens poetebTan<br />

da mwerlebTan. am Sexvedras eswreboda Cveni cnobili, didi poeti<br />

moris focxiSvili. maxsendeba, sul bolos gamovida moris focxiSvili.<br />

is xSirad depresiaSi vardeboda, imitom rom kargavda mxedvelobas; man<br />

Tqva saocari ram _ dRes me RmerTma meored gadamarCinao. yvelam didi<br />

interesiT dauwyo mosmena; maSin me axalgazrda viyavio, TbilisSi xidze<br />

gadavdiodi, viRac biWma mkra xeli da gadamagdo mtkvarSio. me curva ar<br />

vicodi, wamiRo wyalma, me davkarge gonebao; Semdeg wyalma amomagdo<br />

sionis wino. es aris kalistrates periodi. Seatyobines kalistrates,<br />

kalistrate Casula napirze. maSin sanapiro gza ar iyo da wyali pirdapir<br />

modioda SenobasTan. imdenad axlos iyo SenobasTan, rom fanjrebidan<br />

Tevzsac iWerdnen. Casula uwmidesi kalistrate, dauwyia locva,<br />

moasulieres, gacocxlda es adamiani da dadga didi pirovneba, didi poeti.<br />

ai, dRes me Tavis mokvlas vapirebdi, gadavwyvite, rom mivsuliyavi<br />

fanjarasTan da fanjridan gadavvardniliyavio. ai, im dros, roca igi<br />

amaze fiqrobda, Tu rogor mividoda fanjarasTan da am saSinel saqmes<br />

Caidenda, mas urekaven telefoniT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos kancelariidan<br />

da eubnebian, rom patriarqi giwvevT sapatriarqoSio; da ai aman<br />

gadaarCina igi. imdenad madlobeli iyo da imdenad ganmtkicda masSi rwmena,<br />

rom gardacvalebis win man datova Tavisi anderZi _ mcxeTis dedaTa<br />

monastris ezoSi damasaflaveTo. ai, aseTi SemTxveva iyo...<br />

me minda mogaxsenoT, rom saqarTvelos eklesia iyo da iqneba Cveni<br />

eris, Cveni qveynis samsaxurSi da piradad Tqvens samsaxurSi. me kidev<br />

18

erTxel madlobas mogaxsenebT am maRali wodebisaTvis (taSi).<br />

ismis mravalJamieri (taSi).<br />

Tavmjdomare _ batonebo, mravali qveynis akademiaSi sazeimo sxdomebi<br />

iwyeba musikaluri SesavliT da mTavrdeba agreTve musikiT. avstriis<br />

akademiaSi, magaliTad, aseTi sazeimo sxdomebi iwyeba, rogorc wesi,<br />

haidniT da mTavrdeba mocartiT. Cvenc gvinda SemoviRoT tradicia da<br />

aseTi sazeimo sxdomebi saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi<br />

davamTavroT qarTuli galobiT.<br />

kidev erTxel mivulocoT uwmidessa da unetaress da saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnul akademias es SesaniSnavi dRe _ sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II arCeva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiis sapatio wevrad _ sapatio akademikosad (xangrZlivi<br />

taSi).<br />

19

mravalJamier<br />

saqarTvelos istoriaSi Znelad Tu moiZebneba pirovneba,<br />

romelsac amdeni siTbo, siyvaruli, xalxis pativiscema<br />

da popularoba moepovebinos. es gaxlavT sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />

II. arafers vityvi mis did amagsa da Rvawlze, romelic uwmidess<br />

qveynis winaSe, qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

aRorZineba-aRmSeneblobaSi miuZRvis. es sayovelTaod cnobilia.<br />

CemTvis fasdaudebelia is yuradReba, romelsac igi qarTuli<br />

xelovnebisadmi iCens. misi yoveli rCeva _ es maRali<br />

rangis pr<strong>of</strong>esionalis RaRadisia da uTuod gasaTvaliswinebelia.<br />

patriarqi gansakuTrebuli gulisxmierebiT adevnebs<br />

Tvalyurs TbilisSi `yeenis mTaze~ masStaburi mxatvruli<br />

kompleqsis _ `saqarTvelos matianis~ samuSaoebs, romelsac<br />

ager ukve oci welia vawarmoebT. uwmidesi araerTgzis swvevia<br />

kompleqss, metad sagulisxmo survilebi gamouTqvams.<br />

arc kmay<strong>of</strong>ileba daumalavs _ misTvis gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia<br />

saqarTvelos istoriis Tavmoyrilad warmoCena mxatvruli<br />

saxeebiT. patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT eklesiac aigo,<br />

romelmac daamSvena Zegli.<br />

CemTvis ilia II-sTan yoveli Sexvedra didi bednierebaa. igi<br />

araerTgzis y<strong>of</strong>ila CemTan saxelosnoebSi, Tbilissa Tu moskovSi<br />

da keTil survilebTan erTad didi siTbo dautovebia.<br />

dauviwyari iqneba misi viziti moskovSi 2007 wlis 1_5 marts.<br />

STambeWdavi iyo ori patriarqis _ ilia II da aleqsi II mier<br />

erToblivi liturgiis aRvlena qriste-macxovris taZarSi<br />

(vamayob, rom am taZris ageba-SeqmnaSi Cemi didi wvlilia Cadebuli).<br />

mqonda pativi, orive patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT,<br />

orive maTganis skulptura Semeqmna. im fonze, roca ruseTis<br />

patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi II xmamaRla aRiarebs (es erTxel<br />

kidev gamoCnda qriste-macxovris taZarSi ori patriarqis er-<br />

Toblivi qadagebisas) saqarTvelos teritoriul mTliano-<br />

21

asa da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis erTianobas, es<br />

skulpturebic ori, qarTuli da rusuli eklesiebis erTianobis<br />

simbolod mimaCnia.<br />

dRes qarTveli xalxisTvis, sruliad saqarTvelosTvis,<br />

ilia II mwyemsmTavroba didi bednierebaa. ufalma qveyanas mouvlina<br />

pirovneba, romelic siTbos, siyvaruls afrqvevs, sikeTes<br />

Tesavs da imedad gadahgebia mTels ers. minda SevTxovo<br />

ufals, rom es imedi ar mouSalos RvTismSoblis wilxvedr<br />

saqarTvelos.<br />

vulocav dabadebidan 75 welsa da sapatriarqo taxtze<br />

aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavs sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqsa<br />

da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposs, uwmidessa<br />

da unetaress ilia II. mravalJamier sicocxlesa da mxneobas<br />

vusurveb qarTveli erisa da sruliad saqarTvelos sulier<br />

mamas.<br />

SevTxov ufals _ ilia II locva-kurTxeva ar moaklos sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos.<br />

akademikosi zurab wereTeli<br />

23

eris moZRvari<br />

`adamianis cxovreba _ es aris rTuli gza, romelic yvelam<br />

unda ganvlos. da am gzaze yovel adamians RvTisagan mocemuli<br />

aqvs Tavisi jvari: zogs ufro mZime, zogs _ naklebad. da<br />

es jvari TiToeulma Cvenganma bolomde unda miitanos. ufali<br />

gveweva da Cvenc erTmaneTs unda SevewioT, SevumsubuqoT<br />

erTmaneTs cxovrebis tvirTi, romelic RmerTma gvarguna...<br />

magram zogs SeuZlia itvirTos sxvisi simZime, zogs ki _ ara.<br />

es adamianis rwmenaze, mis sulierebazea damokidebuli~.<br />

es sityvebi uwmidesis da unetaresis erT-erTi sakvirao<br />

qadagebidan gaxlavT da minda aRvniSno, rom isini saukeTesod<br />

gamoxataven am adamianis mrwamssa da mis sulierebas, mis<br />

unars itvirTos da Rirseulad ataros mTeli eris simZime.<br />

arian qveynad adamianebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan adgils<br />

ikaveben sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi, magram maTgan mxolod er-<br />

Teulebs miuCens xolme gansakuTrebul adgils Tavis gulSi<br />

xalxi. epoqa qmnis adamianebs, Cven yvela Cveni drois Svilebi<br />

varT, magram unda vaRiaroT, rom rCeulni Tavad qmnian epoqas,<br />

saxes ucvlian dros da akeTilSobileben sazogadoebas,<br />

romelSic cxovroben. mdidari da didbunebovania eri, romlis<br />

wiaRSic ibadebian aseTi pirovnebebi. 30 weli sruldeba<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia II aRsaydrebidan da Znelia ar vaRiaroT,<br />

raoden rTuli iyo es dro marTlmadideblobisTvis. miuxedavad<br />

amisa, swored am periodSi qarTuli eklesiisaTvis da<br />

albaT mTeli erisTvisac axali epoqa Seiqmna. usazRvrod ganaTlebul<br />

pirovnebas, SesaniSnav RvTismetyvel-mecniers yur-<br />

24

adRebis miRma ar darCenia Tavisi eris arc erTi tkivili, iyo<br />

yovelTvis iq, sadac yvelaze metad sWirdeboda Tavis xalxs...<br />

dRes Znelad moiZebneba sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis sfero,<br />

romelsac ar etyobodes patriarqis keTilismy<strong>of</strong>eli gavlena,<br />

iqneba es aRmSenebloba, mecniereba, ganaTleba, kultura an<br />

Tundac nebismieri SeWirvebulis daxmareba da nugeSiscema...<br />

keTilSobileba udidesi samkaulia nebismieri adamianisaTvis,<br />

romel sferoSic unda moRvaweobdes igi, miT ufro,<br />

Tu mas xelewifeba zRva keTilSobilebisa eris rwmenaze, sulierebaze<br />

zrunvas miuZRvnas. mxolod rCeulTa xvedria am<br />

tvirTis Rirseulad tareba. swored am keTilSobilebis gamo<br />

uwmidesis saxeli ganuyrelad ukavSirdeba sikeTes, qvelmoqmedebas,<br />

samSoblosa da xalxis siyvaruls.<br />

misi pirovnuli Rirsebani da cxovrebis gza samagaliToa,<br />

rameTu gansaxierebaa imisa, Tu rogori unda iyos WeSmariti<br />

mamuliSvili, am sityvis saukeTeso gagebiT.<br />

araerTxel mqonia bedniereba patriarqTan Sexvedrisa da<br />

minda vaRiaro, rom masTan urTierToba iSviaTi siamovnebaa...<br />

SeuZlebelia ar moixiblo Sinaganad uaRresad inteligenti,<br />

saocrad Tavmdabali da didbunebovani pirovnebiT. mas ukve<br />

75 weli usruldeba da Tu gadavxedavT misi cxovrebis gzas da<br />

mis moRvaweobas, davinaxavT, rom qarTveli xalxi tyuilad<br />

ar miiCnevs mas eris moZRvrad.<br />

minda kidev erTxel gulwrfelad gamovxato uRrmesi pativiscema<br />

da siyvaruli misi ganumeoreblad momxiblavi<br />

pirovnebis mimarT. suliTa da guliT mivuloco mas dabadebis<br />

dRe, vusurvo janmrTeloba, bedniereba da didxans sicocxle<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos sasikeTod da sasixarulod.<br />

akademikosi fridon Todua<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

pirveli vice-prezidenti<br />

16. 08. 07.<br />

25

erToba sarwmunoebisa<br />

erTobas erisas moaswavebs!<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav, gilocavT dabadebis 75 da aRsaydrebis<br />

30 wlisTavs, mravalJamier sicocxles gisurvebT Cveni eris<br />

sakeTildReod, erisa, romelsac ase esaWiroeba dRes Tqveni<br />

imediani sityva!<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiT ar SeiZleba ar mogvagondes didi<br />

ilias naTqvami: `qristes rjuli qarTvelebisaTvis marto<br />

sarwmunoebiTi aRsareba ki ar iyo, igi amasTan erTad politikuri<br />

qviTkiric iyo saqarTvelos mraval nawilebis gasaerTianeblad<br />

da Semosakrebad. erToba sarwmunoebisa erTobas<br />

erisas moaswavebda. dro iyo amisTana da sxva ara-ra elementi<br />

maSin SemZlebel ar iyo es Cveni istoriis dasabamidam<br />

sasurveli erToba daedgina. sxvaTa Soris, qarTveli eri amisaTvis<br />

ufrTxildeboda Tavis rjuls, romelic Tavis Sinagan<br />

Rirsebis garda, duRabobas uwevda erTobas. am sikeTes didi<br />

xania miagnes CvenTa bedis-gamgebelTa da ar aris CvenSi arc<br />

erTi saxelganTqmuli kaci, an mefe, rom, sxvaTa Soris, am<br />

TvaliT ar eyurebina qristes sarwmunoebisaTvis. amitomac<br />

moacalebdaT Tu ara politikuri triali bedisa, yoveli<br />

maTgani scdilobda, arafers zogavda, qristes rjuli, Sinagnis<br />

RirsebiT gandidebuli da mimzidveli, gareTa RirsebiTac<br />

ganedidebinaT, gaemSvenierebinaT da misi monastrebi<br />

da taZrebi yvelgan moefinaT qristes rjulis saxsovrad da<br />

sadideblad~.<br />

magramo, iqve gvafrTxilebs Cveni ugvirgvino mefe, avi suliviT<br />

Tan dagvyveba is uCinari mteri, romelic dResac cdilobs,<br />

Ziri gamouTxaros, fesvebi gadauWras wmida samebas _<br />

26

mamulis, enisa da sarwmunoebis erTobas, gadaRrRnas Cveni<br />

sasicocxlo ZarRvi da `Cvens mSveniers qveyanas, rogorc upatrono<br />

saydars, sxvani daepatronebian~-o!<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav, Tqven kvlav fxizlad dgaxarT wmida<br />

samebis _ mamulis, enisa da sarwmunoebis sadarajoze da<br />

mogviwodebT, rom `dRes Cven yvelaferi unda gavakeToT imisaTvis,<br />

rom davicvaT Cveni erovnuli faseulobani, meoba,<br />

is tradiciuli da sulieri Rirebulebani, romlebic sauku-<br />

27

neebis manZilze Seinaxa Cvenma erma”! Tqvens did damsaxurebas<br />

Cveni erisa da qveynis mimarT adrec araerTgzis Sevxebivar,<br />

aq aRvniSnav mxolod imas, rom Tqveni iniciativiT Seiqmna<br />

saqvelmoqmedo fondi _ `sulierebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis<br />

aRorZineba da ganviTareba~, samkvdro-sasicocxlo<br />

brZola gamoucxadeT narkomanias da dRes CvenSi uyuradRebobiT<br />

galaRebul ukeTurobasa da uzneobas! icavT Cvens axalgazrdobas<br />

amoralurobis safrTxisagan! baZviT morcxvic<br />

gaurcxvdebiso, uTqvams Cvens did winapars!<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav, bunebrivia, gavixseno aq Cemi leqsi,<br />

miZRvnili wmida ninosadmi, romelsac `avalebda rwmena~, axalgazrda<br />

qali martodmarto dasdgomoda uSores gzas saqarTvelosaken,<br />

raTa qristes rjulze moeqcia igi!<br />

ninos naTeli dResac saqarTvelos Tavzea, raic imis mauwyebelia,<br />

rom Cveni qveyana kvlav Seuvalia, rom `arseba misi<br />

grZelia!”.<br />

Cems Tqvendami am patara werils Tan erTvis zemoxsenebuli<br />

leqsis avtografi.<br />

ana kalandaZe<br />

28

sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />

uwmidessa da unetaress ilia meores<br />

`adamianis uZvirfasesi saunje misi vinaobaa~.<br />

ilia marTali<br />

uwmideso da unetareso, Tqven qarTvel erTan erTad<br />

cxovrebis umZimesi xani ganvleT. gansacdelSi Cavardnili<br />

eri RmerTma ar gawira da Tqven mogavlinaT. Tqveni Tavdadebuli<br />

moRvaweoba saqarTvelosTvis ganuzomelia. roca qveynis<br />

momavali burusiT iyo moculi, Tqveni locva-kurTxevis<br />

ZaliT gasxivosnebuli taZridan m<strong>of</strong>enilma madlma ers momavlis<br />

rwmena, siyvaruli da erovnuli Rirseba daubruna. Tqveni<br />

cxovrebis arsi saqarTveloze fiqria. Tqven aRadgineT ganadgurebuli<br />

taZrebi da aRaSeneT mravali axali, maT Soris,<br />

udidesi da umSvenieresi taZari samebisa, romlis dedozaris<br />

xma swvdeba sruliad saqarTvelos, amxnevebs Cvens qveyanas da<br />

sulier Zalas hmatebs.<br />

uwmideso da unetareso, didia Tqveni Rvawli qarTuli mecnierebisa<br />

da xelovnebis gadarCena-ganviTarebis saqmeSi. Tqveni<br />

amagi yvela sferos swvdeba. saocari, didebuli pirovneba<br />

brZandebiT, Tqvens epistoleebSi gamoTqmuli sibrZne gvarwmunebs<br />

amaSi. amasve gvidasturebs Tqven mier Seqmnili musikaluri,<br />

himnografiuli nawarmoebebi da mxatvroba, xatwera.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi _ xelovani! es<br />

xom didebuli Serwymaa, RvTis nebiT gansazRvruli da boZebuli.<br />

29

dRes Tqveni dabadebidan 75 wlis Tavsa da Tqveni sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad aRsaydrebis 30 wels<br />

zeimobs qarTveli eri _ is eri, romelsac mravali gaWirvebis<br />

Jams gverdSi edeqiT da gansacdels ganarideT. Tqveni locvakurTxeviT<br />

ikrebda xalxi Zalas da medgrad idga... xolo ma-<br />

Sin, roca qveyana eris dResaswauls zeimobs, Tqveni uwmidesoba<br />

iq brZandeba da lxinsa da siyvaruls locavs, naTels hfens<br />

Tavis samwysos.<br />

ar SemiZlia, ar gavixseno didgoris gmirTa memorialis<br />

gaxsnis dRis ambavi, dilidan rom gadauReblad wvimda da gamoCndiT<br />

ra Tqven, ca gaixsna, mxurvale mzem gamoanaTa. es iyo<br />

saswauli, es iyo gmirTa sulebis gamoZaxili, romlebmac Tavad<br />

moaxdines `Zlevai sakvirveli~. am saocrebam RvTis madli<br />

agrZnobina iq my<strong>of</strong> aTasobiT adamians.<br />

Tqven didi gulisyuriT moekideT saqarTveloSi kulturis<br />

saerTaSoriso centris daarsebas, misi gaxsnis dRes mobrZandiT<br />

da wmida giorgis xati gviboZeT, romelic dRes mTavari<br />

Sesasvlelis niSaSia dasvenebuli da gvaxsenebs samSoblos siyvarulsa<br />

da eklesiasTan siaxloves, rac im dRidan naTlad<br />

Cans Cvensa da eklesias Soris mWidro TanamSromlobaSi.<br />

uwmideso da unetareso, vuerTdebi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

da guliTadad gilocavT am SesaniSnav TariRebs. dRegrZeli<br />

brZandebodeT, iyaviT mxned da janmrTelad kvlav Tqveni sicocxlis<br />

_ saqarTvelos sakeTildReod.<br />

Rrma pativiscemiTa da mowiwebiT<br />

merab berZeniSvili<br />

30

SesaniSnavi musikosi<br />

30 welia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II TavgamodebiT ibrZvis qarTveli<br />

xalxis sulierebis, zneobisa da kulturis gadasarCenad.<br />

Tu dRes saqarTvelos ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi icnoben da aRiareben, amaSi<br />

Cveni patriarqis udidesi madlia.<br />

namdvilad RvTis madli gadmovida Cvenze, radgan saqarTvelosTvis<br />

umZimes periodSi, urTules politikur viTarebaSi,<br />

roca urwmunoeba zeobda da qarTveli xalxis rwmenas<br />

walekvas uqadda, RmerTma eris sulier winamZRvrad ilia<br />

meore mogvivlina da amiT gvamcno, rom saqarTvelos gadaSeneba<br />

ar uweria.<br />

30 welia Cveni patriarqi dgas qarTveli eris sulier<br />

sadarajoze da miuZRvis mas didi ilia marTlis mier gakvalul<br />

gzaze, _ es gza `taZrisken midis~.<br />

Znelia CamoTvalo yvela is mniSvnelovani movlena, romelic<br />

misi moRvaweobis periodSi aRiniSna; saqarTveloSi<br />

arnaxuli tempiT mimdinareobs eklesia-monastrebis mSenebloba,<br />

romlis gvirgvini wm. samebis sakaTedro taZari gaxlavT;<br />

aRdga tradiciuli qarTuli galoba, romelic manamde<br />

akrZaluli da miviwyebuli iyo, xalxs rwmena daubrunda, axalgazrdoba<br />

eklesiuri gaxda, qarTveli xalxi sinaTlisken<br />

Semobrunda, Seiqmna kaTolikos-patriarqis saerTaSoriso<br />

saqvelmoqmedo fondi, romelic uamrav sasikeTo saqmes akeTebs<br />

qarTuli mecnierebis, kulturisa da sulierebis aRorZinebis<br />

saqmeSi. patriarqis fondTan gaixsna qarTuli tradiciuli<br />

galobisa da simReris umaRlesi samusiko saswavlebeli, sa-<br />

31

dac maRali kvalifikaciis mqone regentebi da lotbarebi<br />

aRizrdebian.<br />

Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqis erT-erTi umTavresi amocanaa<br />

axalgazrdobis erovnuli suliskveTebiT aRzrda, sulierebis<br />

amaRleba, qarTuli xalxuri simRerebisa da sagaloblebis<br />

aRdgena-aRorZineba da popularizacia, radgan<br />

araferi inaxavs ise mamapapur tradiciebs da qarTul suls,<br />

rogorc simRera-galoba, romelic maradiulia, Tu igi Taobebs<br />

mihyveba, xolo kvdeba, Tu mas axalgazrdoba iviwyebs.<br />

roca saqarTvelo komunisturi ideologiis mZime wnexis<br />

qveS imy<strong>of</strong>eboda, roca qarTvel xalxs ekrZaleboda galoba da<br />

taZris mSenebloba, patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT TiToeuli<br />

marTlmadidebeli sakuTar sulSi agebda taZars da am rwmenam<br />

gadaarCina Cveni qveyana. yvelaferi es ki ilia meoris udidesi<br />

damsaxurebaa.<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia meore RvTis madliT mironcxebuli xelovania,<br />

igi gaxlavT SesaniSnavi xatmweri, musikosi, iSviaTi sagaloblebis<br />

avtori. misi `wmidao RmerTo~ da `kirie eleÁson~<br />

metad popularuli gaxlavT mTel saqarTveloSi da sruldeba<br />

rogorc saeklesio, ise saero dResaswaulebze. patriarqis<br />

sagaloblebi gamoirCeva iSviaTi melodiurobiT, lamazi<br />

harmoniiT, maRali musikaluri azrovnebiTa da amaRlebuli<br />

sulierebiT. es sagaloblebi dRes saqarTveloSi Zalian<br />

uyvarT da maT adgili daimkvidres gamoCenili ansamblebis<br />

repertuarSi. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos yovladwmida<br />

samebis sakaTedro taZris sapatriarqo gundi svimon jangulaSvilisa<br />

da giorgi donaZis xelmZRvanelobiT, romelic<br />

SesaniSnavad asrulebs patriarqis sagaloblebs. maT axlaxan<br />

gamosces SesaniSnavi kompaqturi diski, romelSiac ilia meoris<br />

15 sagalobeli Sevida. es kompaqt-diski iSviaTi SenaZenia<br />

musikis moyvarulTaTvis.<br />

me bednierad vTvli Cems Tavs, rom var misi Tanamedrove,<br />

momswre da monawile im udidesi sulieri aRmavlobisa, ro-<br />

32

melic saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia meoris udides Rvawls miekuTvneba.<br />

RmerTma dalocos Cveni patriarqi!<br />

anzor erqomaiSvili<br />

33

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

keTili nebis misia ruseTSi<br />

(2007 wlis 1_4 marti)<br />

Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />

saqarTvelos <strong>of</strong>icialuri delegaciis<br />

gamgzavreba moskovs sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />

II xelmZRvanelobiT iyo udidesi istoriuli<br />

mniSvnelobis movlena rogorc<br />

saqarTvelosa da ruseTis avtokefaliuri<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis<br />

urTierTobis mxriv, ise Cvens<br />

qveynebs, Cvens xalxebsa da kulturebs<br />

Soris kavSirebis aRdgenisa da ganmtkicebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT.<br />

sababi kaTolikos-patriarqis delegaciis<br />

ruseTSi gamgzavrebisa im periodSi,<br />

rodesac Cvens qveynebs Soris<br />

politikuri urTierToba ukiduresad<br />

daiZaba, iyo `rusuli marTlmadidebluri<br />

enciklopediis~ XIII tomis<br />

gamocema, romelic arsebiTad saqarTvelos<br />

exeba da qarTveli xalxis istoriisa<br />

da kulturis sakiTxebs aSuqebs;<br />

igi Sedgenilia qarTvel da rus mecnierTa<br />

monawileobiT, da moskovisa da<br />

sruliad ruseTis patriarqma miiwvia<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

Tanmxlebi pirebiT qristemacxovris<br />

taZris darbazebSi am enciklopediis<br />

sazeimo prezentaciaze.<br />

magram es iyo mxolod sababi Cveni<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis moskovSi Casvlisa<br />

specialuri pirdapiri reisiT (im<br />

periodSi pirdapiri reisebi Tbilisidan<br />

moskovSi gauqmebuli iyo); namdvili<br />

mizezi da mizani sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis moskovs<br />

gamgzavrebisa iyo, rogorc es qveynis<br />

prezidentma aRniSna, ruseTSi keTili<br />

nebis misiiT Casvla, saqarTvelosa da<br />

ruseTs Soris, Cvens eklesiebs, Cvens<br />

xalxebs Soris keTilmezobluri,Zmuri<br />

da siyvaruliT ganmsWvaluli urTier-<br />

Tobebis aRdgena da ganmtkiceba _ Tu<br />

es im droisaTvis Seqmnil viTarebaSi<br />

saerTod SesaZlebeli iqneboda; da es<br />

procesi swored Cvens eklesiebs Soris<br />

urTierTobaTa garkveviT unda dawyebuliyo...<br />

am procesma apoTeozs miaRwia er-<br />

Toblivi wirvis dros moskovisa da<br />

sruliad ruseTis patriarqis aleqsi<br />

II da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II monawileobiT,<br />

romelic ruseTis centralur<br />

salocavSi _ qriste-macxovris wmida<br />

taZarSi gaimarTa da romelmac uricxvi<br />

xalxi moizida, maT Soris moskovSi<br />

mcxovrebi mravalricxovani Cveni Tanamemamuleni;<br />

Cven yvelani _ sulierad<br />

amaRlebulni da Tvalcremlmoreulni<br />

_ Tanamonawileni viyaviT erTmorwmuneobis<br />

am uzenaesi, RvTiuri gamovlinebis...<br />

magram es erToblivi qarTul-rusuli<br />

wirva-locva moskovis qristemacxovris<br />

taZarSi ar iyo mxolod<br />

sarwmunoebrivi suliskveTebiT ganmsWvaluli<br />

aqti; sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis udidesi<br />

35

saTnoebiTa da RirsebiT warmoTqmul<br />

sityvaSi daisva fuZemdebluri problemebi,<br />

romlebic Seexeboda qarTulrusul<br />

urTierTobaTa rogorc sulierebis,<br />

aseve kulturul da politikur-sazogadoebriv<br />

sferoebs: Cvens,<br />

erTmorwmune xalxebs Soris arsebul<br />

sulier, kulturul da sazogadoebrivpolitikur<br />

urTierTobaTa ganmsaz-<br />

Rvreli faqtoria saqarTvelos teritoriuli<br />

mTlianoba, romlis aRdgenis<br />

gareSe Zneli warmosadgeni iqneba<br />

laparaki erToblivi sulierebis da<br />

saerTo-kulturuli Rirebulebebis<br />

Sesaxeb. es iyo WeSmaritad umaRlesi<br />

sulierebiT ganmsWvaluli sazogadoebriv-politikuri<br />

mniSvnelobis sityva,<br />

warmoTqmuli qarTvelTa sulieri winamZRvris<br />

mier rusuli sulierebis<br />

centrSi _ moskovis qriste-macxovris<br />

wmida taZarSi, da Tu Cven Cveni qveynis<br />

teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis<br />

procesis droSi aTvlas daviwyebT,<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II es umniSvnelovanesi gamosvla<br />

moskovis qriste-macxovris taZarSi<br />

Seva saqarTvelos istoriaSi rogorc<br />

am procesis erT-erTi sawyisi momenti.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis es gamor-<br />

Ceuli roli am istoriul procesSi<br />

aisaxa swored Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

`saaRdgomo epistoleSi~, sadac<br />

misi uwmidesoba gvauwyebs: `saxelmwifo<br />

interesebidan gamomdinare, eklesia<br />

dResac cdilobs Seasrulos e.w.<br />

`saxalxo diplomatiis~ misia da iyos<br />

mSvidobis despani im rTul situaciaSi,<br />

romelSic saqarTvelos Tanamedrove<br />

pirobebSi uwevs y<strong>of</strong>na. amiT iyo ganpirobebuli<br />

Cveni Casvla moskovSi...~.<br />

40

oin metreveli<br />

ilia II da qristianuli aRmSenebloba<br />

saqarTveloSi<br />

1977 wlis 9 noembers, kaTolikospatriarqis<br />

daviT V gardacvalebis<br />

Semdeg, wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT<br />

cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti<br />

ilia SiolaSvili dadginda sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

mosaydred. 1977 wlis 23 dekembers<br />

meufe ilia sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqad iqna arCeuli.<br />

1977 wlis 25 dekemberi _ es<br />

TariRi umniSvnelovanesia ara marto<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi, aramed<br />

saerTod saqarTvelos istoriaSi.<br />

swored am dRes mcxeTis sveticxovlis<br />

sakaTedro taZarSi sazeimo viTarebaSi<br />

moxda sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis wmida taxtze<br />

qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis Tavisi<br />

maRali ganaTlebiT, kulturiTa da<br />

mravali keTili mamuliSviluri saqmis<br />

keTebiT kargad cnobili saeklesio<br />

da sazogado moRvawis, cxum-afxazeTis<br />

mitropolitis _ ilia SiolaSvilis<br />

aRsaydreba. amieridan igi iwodeba _<br />

ilia II, uwmidesi da unetaresi.<br />

ilia II aRsaydreba kaTolikospatriarqad<br />

gansakuTrebulad aRniSna<br />

qarTvelma sazogadoebam. sazeimo<br />

ceremonials sveticxovlis taZarSi<br />

inteligenciis bevri warmomadgeneli<br />

daeswro, aq sakmaod didi mrevli iyo<br />

warmodgenili. am striqonebis avtori<br />

amayia imiT, rom Tavis ojaxTan er-<br />

Tad eswreboda zeims. intronizaciis<br />

ceremonials daeswrnen: moskovisa da<br />

sruliad ruseTis patriarqi pimeni,<br />

bulgareTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

warmomadgeneli arqimandriti<br />

naumi,aleqsandriis eklesiis warmomadgeneli<br />

arqimandriti grigoriosi, somexTa<br />

kaTolikosi vazgen I, mravali<br />

ucxoeli stumari.<br />

didi interesi ilia II kaTolikospatriarqis<br />

taxtze aRsaydrebisadmi<br />

mravali garemoebiT iyo gamowveuli.<br />

erTi mxriv, igi cnobili iyo rogorc<br />

Rrma erovnuli suliskveTebis aqtiuri<br />

moRvawe, uaRresad ganaTlebuli<br />

mRvdelmTavari da misgan sazogadoeba<br />

bevr siaxles eloda; meore mxriv<br />

ki igrZnoboda, rom eris cxovrebaSi<br />

gansakuTrebuli da mniSvnelovani<br />

ram xdeboda _ axali etapi iwyeboda<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiur cxovrebaSi. es<br />

marTlac ase iyo.<br />

meore dRes, 26 dekembers, sagangebo<br />

miReba gaimarTa restoran `iveriaSi~.<br />

am narkvevis avtoric eswreboda miRebas.<br />

igi grandiozuli iyo da zeimurad<br />

Catarda (albaT pirvelad sabWoTa xelisuflebis<br />

wlebSi). gansakuTrebulad<br />

saintereso iyo somexTa kaTolikosis<br />

vazgen I misalmeba-sadRegrZelo. vazgen<br />

I moigona Tavisi aRsaydreba somexTa<br />

kaTolikosad da aRniSna, roca<br />

me gavxdi kaTolikosi, zustad ilia<br />

II xnisa (43 wlis) viyavi da somxuri<br />

eklesiac faqtobrivad ganadgurebuli<br />

41

iyo. samwuxarod, aseTive mdgomareoba-<br />

Sia dRes saqarTvelos eklesiac da<br />

did patrons saWiroebso. es patroni<br />

ki amieridan mas eyoleba da Sinaganad<br />

vgrZnob, rom qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />

samociqulo eklesia mZlavrad<br />

gamoanaTebs.<br />

rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise saer-<br />

TaSoriso masStabiT aRiarebuli<br />

mRvdelmTavris ilia II mobrZaneba qar-<br />

Tuli eklesiis saTaveSi warmatebulad<br />

daiwyo.<br />

mokled SevexoT sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II ganvlil<br />

gzas saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis<br />

maRal taxtze aRsaydrebamde.<br />

ilia II xevSi gamoCinebuli<br />

pirovnebis, Siola RuduSauris STamomavalia.<br />

Siolam safuZveli daudo SiolaSvilebis<br />

gvars. Tavis mxriv, Rudu-<br />

Saurebis gvari uZvelesia. gadmocemiT,<br />

vaxtang gorgasals xevSi erT ojaxSi<br />

vaJi mounaTlavs, romlisTvisac Rudu-<br />

Sa daurqmevia. aqedan wamosula gvaric.<br />

vaxuSti bagrationi gadmogvcems: `aRmosavlidam<br />

aragus erTvis, arSas qveiT,<br />

aCxotis-xevi. aqa ars cixe RuduSaurisa<br />

mcire, aramed friad magari~. marTlac<br />

xevSi, snos xeobaSi, mdinare snoswylis<br />

marjvena napiris kldovan goraze<br />

dgas cixesimagre, snos cixe. igi XVI<br />

s-is miwurulSi Cans agebuli. cixe<br />

mniSvnelovani iyo _ akontrolebda xevidan<br />

momaval gzas, romelic xevsure-<br />

Tze, fSavze da gudamayris xeobiT mTiuleTze<br />

gadioda. gadmocemiT, es cixe<br />

Siola RuduSaurs ekuTvnoda. swored<br />

s<strong>of</strong>eli sno aris RuduSaur-SiolaSvilTa<br />

fuZe-adgili. ilia II mSoblebi<br />

vladikavkazSi gadasaxldnen. giorgi<br />

SiolaSvils tradiciuli qarTuli<br />

ojaxi hqonda. misi meuRle natalia<br />

kobaiZe saTnoebiTa da sikeTiT gamor-<br />

1<br />

batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa.<br />

_ qarTlis cxovreba, IV, Tb., 1973,<br />

gv. 357.<br />

Ceuli pirovneba iyo. col-qmari qristianuli<br />

sarwmunoebis Tavgamodebuli<br />

mimdevari iyo. RvTis siyvaruli da pativiscema,RvTismoSiSoba<br />

ojaxis saqmianobis<br />

safaneli iyo. ilia II swored<br />

mSoblebisagan eziara qristianuli<br />

moZRvrebis anbans.<br />

momavali patriarqi daibada 1933<br />

wlis 4 ianvars q.vladikavkazSi. monaTles<br />

qarTul eklesiaSi da qarTlkaxeTis<br />

saxelovani mefis, erekle II<br />

pativiscemis niSnad irakli daarqves.<br />

q.vladikavkazis saSualo skolis war-<br />

CinebiT damTavrebis Semdeg, 1952 wels,<br />

moskovis sasuliero akademiaSi Cairicxa.<br />

akademiaSi swavlis periodma<br />

mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia ilia<br />

II-ze. aq iyvnen gamoCenili pr<strong>of</strong>esormaswavleblebi,<br />

romlebic codnasTan<br />

erTad maRalzneobriv Tvisebebs unergavdnen<br />

msmenelebs. cxadia, ilia II ar-<br />

Cevanze gavlena iqonies mSoblebma, im<br />

atmosferom, romelic SiolaSvilebis<br />

ojaxSi sufevda. jer kidev 1947 wels<br />

q.vladikavkazSi giorgi SiolaSvilis<br />

TaosnobiTa da monawileobiT pirveli<br />

eklesia amoqmedda. swored ojaxidan<br />

wamoyolilma Zalam da RvTis usaz-<br />

Rvro siyvarulma, maRalma qristianulma<br />

zneobam miiyvana momavali patriarqi<br />

sasuliero saswavleblamde. me<br />

mqonda pativi vy<strong>of</strong>iliyavi sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />

meTaurobiT ruseTis dedaqalaqSi vizitad<br />

my<strong>of</strong>i saqarTvelos delegaciis<br />

wevri da davrwmunebuliyavi im udides<br />

mokrZalebasa da gansakuTrebul, Tayvaniscemamde<br />

misul pativis migebaSi,<br />

romliTac ilia II aris gamsWvaluli<br />

zagorskis sasuliero akademiisadmi.<br />

didad STambeWdavi iyo saqarTvelos<br />

patriarqis Sexvedra akademiis req-<br />

42<br />

torTan, pr<strong>of</strong>esor-maswavleblebTan<br />

da msmenelebTan. man gaixsena Tavisi<br />

swavlis wlebi da bevri saintereso<br />

ambavi mouTxro damswre sazogadoebas.<br />

saocrad Tbili, keTilganwyobili

iyo damxvdurTa Sexvedra. erTi ram<br />

cxadi iyo _ ilia II-sTvis uZvirfasesi<br />

iyo Tavis `alma-materSi~ gatarebuli<br />

dro da misi mxridan akademiis pr<strong>of</strong>esor-maswavleblebisadmi<br />

udidesi madliereba<br />

gamosWvioda yovel sityvaSi.<br />

patriarqma sagangebod aRniSna, rom<br />

swored sasuliero akademiaSi moxda<br />

WeSmaritad qristianuli rwmenis ganmtkiceba.<br />

ilia II gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />

aniWebs wmida sergi radoneJelis<br />

lavras; igi Tvlis, rom wmida<br />

sergi Seeweoda da mfarvelobda mas.<br />

faqti erTia, swored am garemoSi my<strong>of</strong>ma<br />

Wabukma, jer kidev akademiis II kursis<br />

studentma miiRo gadawyvetileba,<br />

aRkveciliyo bermonazvnad.<br />

da ai, 1957 wlis 16 aprils, 24 wlis<br />

irakli SiolaSvili sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis melqisedek<br />

III locva-kurTxeviT, TbilisSi,<br />

wmida aleqsandre nevelis taZarSi<br />

mitropolitma zinobim berad aRkveca.<br />

amieridan mas winaswarmetyveli ilias<br />

saxeli ewoda. ormocdaaTi wlis<br />

Semdeg, 2007 wlis 4 aprils, did xuT-<br />

SabaTs, samebis sapatriarqo taZarSi<br />

qadagebisas, ilia meorem sagangebod<br />

moigona berad aRkvecis ambavi: `ukve<br />

akademiis meore kursis studenti viyavi,<br />

gadawyvetili mqonda gavmxdariyavi<br />

beri da sasuliero piri. mindoda sadme<br />

sul patara s<strong>of</strong>elSi vy<strong>of</strong>iliyavi<br />

moZRvari. da ai, locva-kurTxeva momca<br />

akademiis reqtorma. man sTxova locvakurTxeva<br />

ruseTis patriarqs aleqsi<br />

I, manac aseve Tanxmoba ganacxada da<br />

Camovedi TbilisSi, raTa locva-kurTxeva<br />

ameRo uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

melqisedek III-isagan. uwmidesma gamocda<br />

momiwyo da miTxra, girCevnia ojaxi<br />

iyolioo. me vuTxari: uwmideso da unetareso,<br />

me ukve gadawyvetili maqvs<br />

beroba-meTqi. maSin gaCerda, daureka<br />

meufe zinobis da uTxra: TqvenTan mova<br />

akademiis studenti da berad aRkvece-<br />

To. es iyo 1957 wlis vnebis Svideulis<br />

samSabaTi... aRkvecis dros raRac<br />

43<br />

saocari grZnoba dameufla. TiTqos<br />

vSordebodi am qveyanas, yvelafers miwiers,<br />

saocari tanjva iyo Cems sulier<br />

samyaroSi, magram RvTis madliT, rogorRac<br />

avitane es brZola da dadga<br />

xuTSabaTi, dRevandeli dRe. uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi melqisedeki wiravda sionis<br />

sapatriarqo taZarSi da iq moxda<br />

Cemi diakvnad kurTxeva~... patriarqis<br />

qadagebis es vrceli amonaridi imitom<br />

moviyvaneT, rom igi ara marto ambavs<br />

gadmogvcems, aramed saocari sicxadiT<br />

warmogviCens znemaRal pirovnebas,<br />

romelmac Tavi mTlianad qristianobas<br />

miuZRvna. didi iyo ilia SiolaSvilis<br />

gancda diakvnad kurTxevis Semdeg. `saocari<br />

madli gadmovida Cemze, _ aRniSnavs<br />

ilia II, _ me TiTqmis veravis vxedavdi<br />

da TiTqos davfrinavdi, TiTqos<br />

frTebi Semesxa da miwaze ar viyavi. iseTi<br />

sixaruli da bedniereba dameufla,<br />

rom sionis taZridan... ar mindoda gasvla...<br />

roca marto davrCi... mivedi ninos<br />

jvarTan... movixade kunkul-bartyuli,<br />

wamoedo kandels da mTeli zeTi Tavsa<br />

da Sesamoselze damesxa. erTi mxriv _<br />

gamixarda, radgan xalxi ambobda, masze<br />

RvTis madli gadmovidao...~ meore<br />

mxriv, axlad nakurTxi diakoni Sewuxda:<br />

sasuliero akademiis meore kursis<br />

students es erTi Sesamoseli hqonda<br />

da am zeTiani tansacmliT euxerxuleboda<br />

siaruli. saxlSi misuls tansacmeli<br />

mSrali tiloTi gauwmendia. es<br />

imdenad kargad gamosula, rom zeTis<br />

kvali sruliad gamqrala. axalgazrda<br />

ilias am samosiT daumTavrebia sasulieri<br />

akademia.<br />

niSandoblivia, rom diakvnad xeldasxmuli<br />

ilia moskovisa da sruliad<br />

ruseTis patriarqs, aleqsi I, wmida<br />

sergi radoneJelis lavraSi mRvdel-<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II qadageba<br />

did xuTSabaTs samebis sapatriarqo taZarSi<br />

2007 wlis 4 aprils. _ `sapatriarqo uwyebani~,<br />

Tb., 19_25 apr., gv. 2_3.<br />

iqve, gv. 3.

monazvnad ukurTxebia da oqros samkerde<br />

jvriTac daujildoebia. 1960<br />

wels mRvdel-monazonma iliam moskovis<br />

sasuliero akademia daasrula<br />

warCinebiT da RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis<br />

xarisxi moipova naSromisaTvis:<br />

`aTonis iveriis monastris istoria~.<br />

am naSromma kvlevis siRrmiT, aqtualobiT,<br />

problemis mniSvnelobiT avtors<br />

didi warmateba moutana _ sakandidato<br />

xarisxis miniWebasTan erTad,<br />

dainaxes ra ilia SiolaSvilSi kvlevis<br />

unari, mecnieruli alRo, SesTavazes<br />

samecniero muSaobis gagrZeleba.<br />

iliam sxva gza airCia. igi saqarTveloSi<br />

dabrunda. momaval patriarqs<br />

Rrmad hqonda Segnebuli is sirTule,<br />

romelic im drois saqarTvelos eklesias<br />

gaaCnda. es, upirveles yovlisa,<br />

sasuliero kadrebis simwire iyo; qar-<br />

Tul sulierebas aRorZineba esaWiroeboda.<br />

Tanac mudam axsovda Zvirfasi<br />

dedis Segoneba _ samSoblo arasodes<br />

miatovoo.<br />

samSobloSi dabrunebuli ilia<br />

baTumis sakaTedro taZarSi dainiSna<br />

mRvdel-msaxurad. axalgazrda monozoni<br />

didi energiiT Seudga moRvaweobas<br />

(uwmidesi xSirad keTilad igonebs<br />

baTumSi gatarebul wlebs). swored<br />

erTguli da Tavdadebuli saqmianobis<br />

Sedegi iyo, roca igi 1961 wels<br />

aRyvanil iqna iRumenis xarisxSi, male<br />

misi arqimandritad xeldasxma moxda.<br />

1963 wlis 26 agvistos sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma<br />

da unetaresma efrem II ilia SiolaSvils<br />

xeli daasxa Semoqmedis eparqiis<br />

episkoposad. amasTan, igi dainiSna<br />

patriarqis qorepiskoposad, 1967 wels<br />

_ cxum-afxazeTis mRvdelmTavrad; 1969<br />

wels aRyvanil iqna mitropolitis<br />

xarisxSi.<br />

meufe ilias moRvaweoba rogorc<br />

Semoqmedis, ise cxum-afxazeTis eparqiebSi<br />

zedmiwevniT aqtiuri iyo. sulier<br />

sazrdels moklebuli qarTveli<br />

qristianebi misi qadagebebisa da masTan<br />

44<br />

urTierTobis gziT sulier simSvides<br />

poulobdnen. meufis RvTiuri Sesaxedaoba,<br />

saocari siTbos da siyvarulis<br />

gamomasxivebeli Tvalebi, mwyazari<br />

metyveleba xiblavda da ajadoebda<br />

mrevls. meufe ilia SiolaSvili far-<br />

To masStabis moRvaweobas eweoda rogorc<br />

saqarTveloSi, ise mis farglebs<br />

gareTac. aRsaniSnavia, rom igi (cxadia,<br />

yuradReba eqceoda mis maRalakademiur<br />

ganaTlebas) 1963 wels dainiSna<br />

im droisaTvis erTaderTi sasuliero<br />

saswavleblis _ mcxeTis sasuliero<br />

seminariis reqtorad,sadac 1972 wlamde<br />

moRvaweobda. ilia SiolaSvili, episkoposis<br />

rangSi my<strong>of</strong>i, monawileobda<br />

sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso RonisZieba-<br />

Si (mSvidobis momxreTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio kongresi,<br />

sasuliero pirTa Sexvedrebi da<br />

sxv.). gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Semoqmedi<br />

mRvdelmTavris ilias monawileoba<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis<br />

warmomadgenelTa SexvedraSi<br />

kunZul rodosze (1984 w.). aq meufe iliam<br />

daayena saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

saerTaSoriso masStabiT cnobis<br />

sakiTxi. saqme isaa, rom, marTalia,<br />

1917 wlis 12 (25) marts saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis avtokefalia aRdgenilad gamocxadda,<br />

magram arc erTma saxelmwifom<br />

ar cno igi. ruseTis eklesiam mxolod<br />

1943 wels aRiara saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis damoukidebloba. saerTaSoriso<br />

masStabiT ki arc antioqiis, arc<br />

ierusalimis, arc aleqsandriis eklesiebma<br />

ar cnes qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia.<br />

zogierTma eklesiam (mag.,<br />

poloneTis) saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia<br />

aRiara mxolod de-faqto.<br />

sagulisxmoa, rom 1961 wels pirvel<br />

sruliad marTlmadidebelTa TaTbirze<br />

mxolod ori sasuliero piri miiwvies<br />

saqarTvelodan. es imas niSnavda, rom<br />

saqarTvelos eklesia avtonomiurad<br />

iyo miCneuli da ara avtokefaliurad,<br />

am SemTxvevaSi qveynis 3 warmomadgeneli

unda miewviaT. eladis eklesiis mier<br />

gamocemul kalendarSic saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia avtonomiurad<br />

(konstantinopolis eklesiaze<br />

daqvemdebarebulad) iyo moxseniebuli.<br />

es sakiTxi pasuxgaucemeli datoves<br />

belgradisa da Jenevis saeklesio TaTbirebma<br />

da konferenciebma. da ai, saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesiis saxeliT, asabuTebs ra<br />

avtokefaliis kanonzomierebas, ilia<br />

SiolaSvili mTeli simwvaviT ayenebs<br />

misi saerTaSoriso masStabiT cnobis<br />

aucileblobis sakiTxs. rodesac mecnieruli<br />

sabuTianobiT verafers gaxda,<br />

meufe iliam ukidures zomas mimarTa<br />

_ protestis niSnad sxdoma datova.<br />

amas didi xmauri mohyva. Tu ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

sapatriarqosaTvis meufis protesti<br />

damafiqrebeli iyo, sxva mxarisaTvis<br />

(mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs im drois saxelmwifos<br />

sxvadasxva organo) es qmedeba<br />

`uary<strong>of</strong>iTad~ Sefasebis sagani gaxda.<br />

saqme isaa, rom roca patriarqi efrem<br />

II gardaicvala, 1972 wels umal dadga<br />

axali kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis<br />

sakiTxi. sayovelTao azriT _ rogorc<br />

mrevlis,ise wmida sinodis da saerTod<br />

samRvdeloebis _ erTaderTi kandidati<br />

ukve qveyanaSi aRiarebuli, sazogadoebaSi<br />

popularuli, Rrmad ganswavluli<br />

da Tavisi 39 wlis asakisaTvis sakmaod<br />

gamocdili mitropoliti ilia<br />

SiolaSvili iyo. isic unda iTqvas,rom<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

taxtze ilia SiolaSvilis kandidatura<br />

erTsulovnad iqna miRebuli<br />

qveynis xelisuflebis mier (wesisamebr,<br />

mTavrobas, xelisuflebas saqmis kurs-<br />

Si ayeneben amgvari gadawyvetilebis<br />

miRebisas). ai, aq moxda gauTvaliswinebeli<br />

ram. ilia SiolaSvilis kaTolikos-patriarqad<br />

arCevis winaaRmdeg<br />

gamovida sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa<br />

sabWos religiaTa saqmis sammarTvelo<br />

da kerZod misi rwmunebuli. winaaRmde-<br />

Грузинская Православная церковь. Православная Энциклопедия,<br />

т. , , ., М., ., , 2006, , стр. . 228. .<br />

45<br />

gobis motivad ilia SiolaSvilis protesti<br />

dasaxelda rodosis Sekrebaze.<br />

imxanad SeuZlebeli gaxda am winaaRmdegobis<br />

gadalaxva da mitropolit<br />

ilia SiolaSvilis arCeva kaTolikospatriarqad<br />

ramdenime wliT gadaido.<br />

da ai, 1977 wlis 25 dekembers, rogorc<br />

aRvniSneT,sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis wmida taxtze<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II aRsaydrda.<br />

ukve farTo asparezi da meti<br />

saSualebebi gamoCnda mis mier dawyebuli<br />

Tu axali saqmeebis aRsasruleblad.<br />

43 wlis ilia II didi energiiT<br />

Seudga farTo masStabis saqmianobas.<br />

misi yoveli saqmis, qmedebis safaneli<br />

samSoblos usazRvro siyvarulia. patriarqis<br />

Rrmad erovnuli suliskveTeba<br />

Tan gasdevs missave did samoqmedo<br />

programas. ilia II Tavis winapar Tanamemamules<br />

_ moxeve lelT Runias<br />

gvagonebs, romlis gulisficarze sanatrel<br />

ocnebad ewera: `Cveni Tavni Cvenadve<br />

gveyudnes~. am moxeveze, romelic<br />

ilia WavWavaZes uwevda megzurobas<br />

stefanwmindidan, didma mweralma Tqva:<br />

`Zalian kaci gamodgao~. lelT Runia<br />

ase mimarTavda ilias: `adrida avad<br />

Tu kargad Cven Cveni Tavni Cvenadve<br />

gveyudnes, miT iyvis ukeT. adrida eri<br />

erobdis, guli gulobdis, vaJai vaJabdis,<br />

qalai qalabdis~. am dros mistiris<br />

moxeve. `migixvdi Cemo moxeve, ra<br />

nestariTa xar naCxvleti~ _ RaRadebs<br />

ilia da Tavadac uecari tkivili tvinidan<br />

gulamde swvdeba. ilia II ara marto<br />

lelT Runias miwis Svilia, misi<br />

ocnebis Tanaziari da imave nestariTaa<br />

naCxvleti.<br />

patriarqad aRsaydrebis umal<br />

misi Tvali sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

gadaswvda, im sulier tkivilebs, romlebic<br />

ers sakmao xnis manZilze awuxebda.<br />

ilia II yuradRebas aqcevs mrevlis<br />

gamravlebas da axerxebs kidec<br />

mosaxleobis farTo fenebis, maT Soris<br />

axalgazrdobis mozidvas. pirveli<br />

rigis amocana iyo qadagebaTa xSiri,

46<br />

sistemuri Catareba. sionis sakaTedro<br />

taZarSi wirva-locvis garda, sagangebod<br />

tardeboda qadagebani. patriarqis<br />

moTxovniT, mTels saqarTveloSi, yvela<br />

eklesiaSi ganuwyvetliv ikiTxeboda<br />

fsalmunebi. yovel orSabaTs sionis<br />

taZarSi tardeboda eris paraklisi.<br />

mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi gatarda<br />

sasuliero literaturis gamosacemad.<br />

daiwyo kaTolikos-patriarqis saSobao<br />

da saaRdgomo epistoleebis beWdva.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari<br />

ramdenime saxis (vrceli, mokle) gamodis.<br />

ilia II didi mcdelobis Sedegad<br />

daarsda da gamoicema Jurnalebi:<br />

`jvari vazisa~, `saRvTismetyvelo<br />

krebuli~, `saqarTvelos sapatriarqo~,<br />

`sapatriarqos uwyebani~. gamoica Zveli<br />

da axali aRTqmis wignebi, `didi<br />

sjuliskanoni~, mniSvnelovani movlena<br />

iyo patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT `bibliis~<br />

gamocema Tanamedrove qarTul<br />

enaze. ramdenimejer gamoica wmida<br />

mefe daviTis fsalmunTa kritikulad<br />

dadgenili teqsti, wmida basili didis<br />

komentarebi fsalmunebisa da Sesaqmis<br />

eqvsi dRisa, `marTlmadidebeli katexizmo~,<br />

`romauli kaTolicizmi~, `hagiografiis<br />

RmrTismetyveleba~, `zogadi<br />

eklesiis istoria~, saRmrTismsaxuro<br />

teqstebi, locvanebi, daujdomeli sagaloblebi<br />

da sxv.<br />

gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II ortomeuli _ `epistoleni, sityvani,<br />

qadagebani~ (1997 w.). esaa Rrmad<br />

mecnieruli, mniSvnelovani istoriuli<br />

da cxovrebiseuli problemebis momcveli<br />

Txzulebebi. TiToeuli epistole,<br />

sityva Tu qadageba calke damoukidebeli<br />

mecnieruli Sromaa, romlebSic<br />

naTlad gamosWvivis maRali donis<br />

RvTismetyvelis, brZeni mamuliSvilisa<br />

da erze Seyvarebuli mRvdelmTavris<br />

suliskveTeba. zogierT am Txzulebaze<br />

qvemoT SevCerdebiT.<br />

ilia II uSualo TaosnobiT Seiqmna<br />

`misiisa da evangelizaciis~ gany<strong>of</strong>ileba,<br />

saswavlo komiteti, sapatriarqos<br />

sagamomcemlo gany<strong>of</strong>ileba,<br />

muSaobs prescentri, gamodis gazeTi<br />

`madli~. udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs sapatriarqosTan<br />

Seqmnil axalgazrdul<br />

centrs,romelic wmida samebis taZarSi<br />

funqcionirebs da mraval saintereso<br />

RonisZiebas atarebs. axalgazrduli<br />

centrebi daarsda saqarTvelos rig<br />

eparqiebSic. Zalze arsebiTia patriarqis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT daarsebuli sapatriarqos<br />

televizia `iveria~, romelic<br />

Tavisi gadacemebiT gamorCeulia sxva<br />

satelevizio arxebisagan; mayurebelSi<br />

simSvide da myudroeba, suliereba da<br />

siwminde Seaqvs. 2007 wlis 22 marts<br />

satelevizio gamosvlaSi patriarqma<br />

daloca televizia da amocanebic<br />

dausaxa. <br />

gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos ilia<br />

II mier gadadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabijebi<br />

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis<br />

gaumjobesebisaTvis. patriarqis mizani<br />

iyo,gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi dawyebuli<br />

brZola saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliisaTvis kvlav gaegrZelebina<br />

da bolomde mieyvana. saqarTveloSi<br />

vizitiT Camovidnen ms<strong>of</strong>lio marTlmadidebeli<br />

sapatriarqoebis pirveli<br />

pirebi, maT Soris: konstantinopolis,<br />

aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis<br />

patriarqebi. am urTierTobiT, romlis<br />

sulisCamdgmeli kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

ilia II aris, saqarTvelos eklesiam<br />

aRidgina Zveli tradiciuli sulieri<br />

kavSirebi ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebel<br />

patriarqebTan.<br />

ilia II did yuradRebas aqcevs aramarTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiebTan urTierTobasac.<br />

amis dasturia romis papis<br />

ioane pavle II viziti saqarTveloSi,<br />

somexTa kaTolikosebis _ garegin I da<br />

garegin II Camosvla saqarTveloSi, ken-<br />

ix. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II sityva<br />

sapatriarqos televiziis gaxsnaze. _ `sapatriarqos<br />

uwyebani,~ Tb., 2007, 4_11 apr., gv. 3.

terberiis arqiepiskoposis jorj keris<br />

viziti TbilisSi. patriarqi eswrafvis<br />

kulturaTa Soris dialogs. araerTi<br />

RonisZieba Catarda sxvadasxva religiis<br />

(maT Soris muslimebis) warmomadgenlebTan<br />

erTad. amas emsaxureboda<br />

patriarqis viziti axlo aRmosavleTis<br />

qveynebSi – quveiTsa da bahreinSi.<br />

1979 wels ilia II Tavad ewvia konstantinopols.<br />

aq, sapatriarqoSi man<br />

kvlav daayena saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

sakiTxi da moiTxova, rom es saqme<br />

erTxel da samudamod gadawyvetiliyo.<br />

ilia II aqtiurma brZolam avtokefaliisaTvis<br />

Tavisi nay<strong>of</strong>i gamoiRo:<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqoebi darwmundnen,<br />

rom saqarTvelos eklesia erTgulia<br />

Tavisi tradiciebisa da Seswevs unari,<br />

daikavos ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadideblur<br />

samyaroSi Tavisi kuTvnili adgili. <br />

Tavgamodebuli mcdelobisa da Zalisxmevis<br />

11 weli gaxda saWiro imisaTvis,<br />

rom qarTuli samociqulo marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia ms<strong>of</strong>lios avtokefaliurad<br />

eRiarebina. 1990 wlis 23<br />

ianvars konstantinopolis (ms<strong>of</strong>lio)<br />

sapatriarqos wmida sinodis sxdomaze<br />

ganixiles saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

saerTaSoriso masStabiT<br />

cnobis sakiTxi. 1990 wlis 4 marts konstantinopolis<br />

patriarqma dimitrios<br />

I sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />

uwmidessa da unetaress ilia<br />

II gadasca sagangebo sigeli, romelic<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliurobas<br />

adasturebs. konstantinopolis<br />

sapatriarqo taxti (romelsac<br />

aqvs ufleba CaerTos RvTis wmida<br />

eklesiebis moTxovnilebaSi,gamoiCinos<br />

mzrunveloba da daakmay<strong>of</strong>ilos isini)<br />

`saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobisa<br />

da mtkicebis sigeliT~ adasturebda:<br />

`saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi Semavalma<br />

`jvari vazisa~, Tb., 1979, # 1, gv. 8_9.<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebi, Tb., 2000,<br />

gv. 217.<br />

wmida da marTlmadidebelma eklesiam<br />

uZvelesi droidan miiRo TviTmmarTveli<br />

da Tavisufali gamgebloba da, Sesabamisad,<br />

saeklesio mmarTvelobiTi<br />

organizaciac~. es mniSvnelovani aRiareba<br />

iyo _ xazi gaesva saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis siZveles, mis TviTmmarTvel<br />

da Tavisufal gamgeblobas. ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

sapatriarqom cno saqarTvelos uwmidesi<br />

eklesia `imave struqturiTa<br />

da organizaciiT, rac uZvelesi droidan<br />

gaaCnda~. ras niSnavs es? yovelive<br />

amiT faqtobrivad dadasturda da dakmay<strong>of</strong>ilda<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II mier ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos<br />

winaSe jer kidev 1979 wels dasmuli<br />

moTxovnebi _ saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis cnoba V saukunidan;<br />

eklesiis meTaurisTvis patriarqis wodebis<br />

dadastureba XI saukunidan.<br />

amgvarad, saqarTvelos eklesiam realuri<br />

avtokefalia swored ilia II<br />

Tavdadebuli brZolis Sedegad moipova<br />

1990 wlis martSi.<br />

ilia II saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli<br />

saqarTveloSi taZrebis masobrivi aRdgena-mSenebloba.<br />

qveynis sxvadasxva<br />

kuTxeSi aRdga dangreuli eklesiebi,<br />

jvari daubrunda jvarCamoxsnil<br />

47<br />

taZrebs, xelaxla moixata taZrebi.<br />

saeklesio aRmSeneblobaSi saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi uSualod<br />

monawileobs. am narkvevis avtors kargad<br />

axsovs patriarqis didi yuradReba<br />

da yovelmxrivi Zalisxmeva Tbilisis<br />

universitetis wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

saxelobis eklesiis mSeneblobisas.<br />

Zalian bevri axlad aSenebuli<br />

Tu aRdgenili eklesia Tavad ilia II<br />

akurTxa. gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos<br />

wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />

aSeneba. ilia II TiTqmis yoveldRiurad<br />

moinaxulebda mSeneblobas; daxvewili<br />

gemovnebis mqone patriarqi saWiro<br />

miTiTebebs aZlevda arqiteqtors Tu<br />

mSeneblebs, Tavis locva-kurTxevas ar<br />

aklebda. Sedegi saxezea _ aigo gran-

diozuli taZari, romlis badali iSviaTia<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio masStabiTac ki. ar<br />

aris SemTxveviTi, rom taZrebis ricxvis<br />

zrdasTan erTad gaizarda sasuliero<br />

pirTa raodenobac. farTod aRdga<br />

samonastro cxovreba,intensiuri gaxda<br />

igi. sagrZnoblad gaizarda eparqiaTa<br />

raodenoba. yovelive es ki mosaxleobis<br />

farTo masebTan warmatebul urTierTobas<br />

ganapirobebs.<br />

ilia II yuradReba permanentuladaa<br />

mipyrobili swavla-ganaTlebis<br />

problemebisadmi, rwmenasa da mecnierebas<br />

Soris kavSiris aRdgenisadmi. igi<br />

araerTgzis xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom<br />

WeSmariti mecniereba qristianuli rwmeniT<br />

unda iyos gajerebuli. uSualod<br />

patriarqis didi mcdelobiT dafuZnda<br />

1988 wels Tbilisis sasuliero akademia.<br />

am akademiis reqtori TviT patriarqi<br />

gaxlavT. ilia II Zalisxmeva,<br />

daearsebina mecnierebaTa akademia, 1995<br />

wels warmatebiT dagvirgvinda _ Camoyalibda<br />

da warmatebiT funqcionirebs<br />

gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia.<br />

patriarqi udides mniSvnelobas ani-<br />

Webs zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis<br />

saqmianobas, axalgazrda Taobis aRzrdis<br />

saqmes. 1990 wlis `saaRdgomo epistole~,<br />

romelic mimarTuli iyo yovelTa<br />

qarTvelTa mkvidrTa saqarTveloisa<br />

da samSoblos gareT mcxovrebTa<br />

mimarT, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas<br />

miaqcevs aRzrdis problemebs. epistoles<br />

devizia `Tvali gavusworoT realobas~.<br />

warsulma wlebma mZime daRi<br />

daasva adamianTa azrovnebas. rwmenis<br />

uary<strong>of</strong>am ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobisa da<br />

zogadadamianuri mrwamsis rRveva ganapiroba,<br />

romlis Sedegebsac sazogadoeba<br />

yoveldRiurad imkis. kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

SeSfoTebiT aRniSnavs: `riT<br />

SeiZleba avxsnaT... qarTvelis mimarT<br />

qarTveli adamianisave daundobeli sisastike?<br />

Cveni Svilebi Cvens Tvalwin<br />

erTmaneTs xocaven iseTi RvarZliT,<br />

iseTi gametebiT, aseTi sasjelisaTvis<br />

qristiani kaci samSoblos mtersac ar<br />

48<br />

gawiravs~. am WeSmarit sityvaSi mTeli<br />

eris gulistkivilia gamoxatuli da<br />

Cvens momavalze didi fiqri Cans. `saa-<br />

Rdgomo epitoleSi~ wuxiliTaa aRniSnuli,<br />

rom Tanamedrove politikuri<br />

cxovrebis fonze aSkarad garTulda<br />

mdgomareoba. ar aris Tanxmoba qarTvelTa<br />

Soris, xSirad ki mtrobacaa.<br />

`gonierni maSin viqnebiT, Tu saqmis<br />

keTebas daviwyebT ara lanZRviT, aramed<br />

erTmaneTis gverdSi amodgomiT~ _<br />

epistoles es sityvebi maradiuli kanonis<br />

badalia da gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />

yvelasaTvis.<br />

`saaRdgomo epistoleSi~ mTeli<br />

ZaliT gamosWvivis fiqri xvalindel<br />

dReze, momavalze, mozardi Taobis<br />

swor aRzrdaze. aq mkveTradaa<br />

gamokveTili qarTveli dedebis misia,<br />

romelTac valad unda idon, Svilebs<br />

akvnidanve Caunergon RvTisa da moyvasis<br />

siyvaruli, erTgulebisa da TanagrZnobis<br />

unari. axalgazrdobam yrmobidanve<br />

unda Seimecnos, rom Rirseba<br />

Rirseuladve daicvas da ara laCruli<br />

gziT _ ara kacis kvliT, borotebiTa<br />

da daundoblobiT, aramed simarTliTa<br />

da urTierTpativiscemiT. patriarqi<br />

SeniSvnebs gamoTqvams pedagogisa da<br />

skolis Sesaxeb. igi ayenebs sakiTxs,<br />

saskolo programaSi Setanil iqnes<br />

`zneobrivi kulturis~ swavleba. `saa-<br />

Rdgomo epistole~ xazs usvams, rom<br />

bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare<br />

procesebma naTlad gviCvena, rom qarTvelTa<br />

moqmedeba ZiriTadad grZnobebsa<br />

da emociebzea damyarebuli, goneba<br />

ki ar akontrolebs mas; mxolod<br />

emocia sikeTes ver moitans. xma erisam<br />

jvarcmamde miiyvana macxovari, amitom<br />

aucilebelia xma erisas xma RvTisa<br />

amoudges mxarSi, xma RvTisa _ es gansjaa,<br />

analizia. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

moiTxova Seqmniliyo pirvelidan<br />

damamTavrebel klasamde saskolo<br />

kursi Rrma azrovnebis swavlebisaTvis,<br />

sadac gamoyenebuli iqneboda RvTismetyvelebis,<br />

logikis, fsiqologiis, fi-

los<strong>of</strong>iis, anTropologiis monapovari<br />

(masala konkretuli magaliTebiT unda<br />

y<strong>of</strong>iliyo ilustrirebuli asakobrivi<br />

Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT).<br />

`Rrma azrovnebasTan ziareba bavSvs<br />

gauadvilebs sxva sagnebis aTvisebas.<br />

amasTan, Cven aRvzrdiT namdvilad Wkvian<br />

axalgazrdebs,romlebic icxovreben<br />

da imoqmedeben ara mxolod emociebiT,<br />

Tavisufalni iqnebian maqsimalizmisagan<br />

da Cvenze ufro gonivrad, rwmeniT<br />

da simarTliT warmarTaven cxovrebas~<br />

(`saaRdgomo epistole~). friad saintereso<br />

mosazrebebia swavlebis mowyobasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT, romelTac diferencirebuli<br />

swavlebis racionalur<br />

formamde mivyavarT. usaTuod gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />

uwmidesis kidev erTi<br />

Segoneba: `swavlis procesSi Cven is<br />

naklic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom qarTvelebs<br />

gvaxasiaTebs saqmis kargad<br />

dawyeba, magram damTavreba ki gviWirs,<br />

ar gviyvars misi bolomde miyvana.<br />

amitom bavSvs, ra xnis ganmavlobaSic<br />

davsvamT gakveTilze, iseTi davaleba<br />

unda mivceT, rom im droSi aucileblad<br />

Caetios,daasrulos igi an saqmis<br />

garkveuli nawili mainc, rom mas gamoumuSavdes<br />

dawyebulis aucileblad<br />

damTavrebis survili da moTxovnileba~.<br />

aRzrda-ganaTlebis problema patriarqis<br />

yoveldRiuri yuradRebis<br />

centrSi iyo da aris moqceuli. niSandoblivia,<br />

rom sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II am sakiTxs 2007 wlis<br />

`saaRdgomo epistoleSi~ daubrunda.<br />

igi kategoriulad moiTxovs analitikuri<br />

azrovnebis arsebobas, saWirod<br />

miiCnevs, rom analitikuri azrovneba<br />

bavSvobidan unda gavuRvivoT mozards,<br />

igi unda iqnes SemoRebuli rogorc<br />

saswavlo sagani. `kargi iqneba, Tu<br />

sabavSvo baRebSi batoni dimitri uzna-<br />

Zis ganwyobis Teoriaze dayrdnobiT<br />

patarebs gavuRvivebT rogorc erTmaneTis,<br />

ise saerTod, adamianis Tanadgomis<br />

survils, patiebis unars, ufrosis<br />

49<br />

pativiscemas, mamulis siyvaruls~. patriarqi<br />

miiCnevs, rom es ganwyobileba<br />

gahyvebaT mozardebs skolaSi da mTel<br />

cxovrebaSic. mas miaCnia, rom skola-<br />

Si aucileblad unda iyos fsiqologi,<br />

romelic pedagogebTan da mSoblebTan<br />

erTad daakvirdeba moswavles da<br />

daexmareba RvTisgan boZebuli niWis<br />

gamovlenasa da ganviTarebaSi. ilia II<br />

xazs usvams aRzrdis saqmeSi maswavleblis<br />

gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas, gulistkiviliT<br />

aRniSnavs, rom `samwuxarod<br />

CvenTan amas ar eqceva saTanado<br />

yuradReba, ris gamoc yvelaze metad<br />

momavali Taoba ziandeba~ (`saaRdgomo<br />

epistole~, 2007 w. aprili). patriarqi<br />

pedagogis pasuxismgeblobasa da maRali<br />

donis moTxovnasTan erTad miiCnevs,<br />

rom `yvelaze maRali xelfasi saSualo<br />

da umaRlesi skolebis pedagogebs<br />

unda hqondeT, radgan isini ayalibeben<br />

qveynisa da eris momavals da ar arsebobs<br />

amaze metad sapasuxismgeblo<br />

sxva pr<strong>of</strong>esia~ (`saaRdgomo epistole~,<br />

2007 w. aprili).<br />

ilia II aaRorZina da gaagrZela uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis kalistrates<br />

tradicia xuTSabaTobiT inteligenciis<br />

warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedrisa.<br />

mizani erTia, dauaxloos eklesias inteligencia.<br />

saerTod unda iTqvas, rom<br />

ilia II aRsaydrebis umal gezi inteligenciasa<br />

da axalgazrdobaze aiRo.<br />

swored sazogadoebis am nawilma Seavso<br />

qarTuli eklesiis mrevli, swored<br />

patriarqis didma Zalisxmevam Semoabruna<br />

sruliad saqarTvelo eklesiisken.<br />

mecnierTa mniSvnelovani nawili<br />

gverdiT daudga patriarqs da eklesias.<br />

`xuTSabaTobebze~ xSirad naxavT<br />

mwerlebs, xelovnebisa da mecnierebis<br />

sxvadasxva dargis warmomadgenlebs.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiam garkveuli nabijebi<br />

gadadga Tanamedrove civilizaciis<br />

problemebis saRvTismetyvelo<br />

da filos<strong>of</strong>iuri gziT gadasawyvetad.<br />

ilia meore kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebas gamoTqvams<br />

imis gamo, rom bolo dros garkveuli

urTierToba Camoyalibda saqarTvelos<br />

samociqulo eklesias, umaRles saswavleblebs,<br />

mecnierebaTa akademiasa da<br />

sxva samecniero-kulturul centrebs<br />

Soris. `Cven, _ aRniSnavs patriarqi, _<br />

megobrul xels vuwvdiT inteligencias<br />

da moxarulni viqnebiT, Tu Sev-<br />

ZlebT erTad viTanamSromloT qveynis<br />

sakeTildReod~. patriarqi did<br />

yuradRebas aqcevs umaRles skolas,<br />

studentobas. wlebis manZilze, yovel<br />

pirvel seqtembers, ilia II Tbilisis<br />

universitets stumrobda. swavlis dawyebisas<br />

esalmeboda da gulmxurvaled<br />

locavda studentebs. misi gulSi Camwvdomi<br />

darigebani cxovrebis sagzalia<br />

axalgazrdebisaTvis. igi araerTgzis<br />

swvevia fokas, sadac Tbilisis<br />

universitetis studentebi zafxuls<br />

atarebdnen da monastrul cxovrebas<br />

eziarebodnen. es patriarqis dalocviT<br />

xdeboda da uwmidesi arc fokaSi<br />

tovebda maT uyuradRebod. maTTan<br />

Sexvedrebisas aSkarad siTbo Sehqonda<br />

axalgazrdobaSi. es iyo uSualo samsaxuri<br />

axalgazrdobis moazrovne, gonier,analitikuri<br />

gansjis unaris mqone,<br />

zneobrivad jansaR pirovnebebad CamoyalibebisaTvis,<br />

raTa ganxorcielebuliyo<br />

Segoneba: `... adamiani Segnebulad<br />

Tu ar emsaxureba borotebas, adre Tu<br />

gvian gaacnobierebs, rom es cxovreba<br />

mxolod gamocdaa da momzadebaa maradiulobisaTvis<br />

da uars aRar ityvis<br />

yvelaze Zvirfasze _ uflis siyvarulze~.<br />

<br />

ilia II bevri qadageba, calkeuli<br />

gamosvlebi adamianTa ampartavnobis<br />

winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli _ udides<br />

codvad miaCnia igi.<br />

aanalizebs ra XX saukunes, patriarqi<br />

aRniSnavs, rom pirvel rigSi<br />

<br />

<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II saSobao<br />

epistole, 2003 w.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II saaRdgomo<br />

epistole (2007 w., aprili).<br />

50<br />

Tvals xvdeba gaampartavnebuli da gadidgulebuli<br />

adamiani. misi azriT,adamianTa<br />

pativmoyvareobam iseT zRvars<br />

miaRwia, rom man uaryo yovelive, rasac<br />

Tavisi azrovnebiT ver miswvda. am<br />

mdgomareobas cnobili RvTismetyveli<br />

pavle florenski Tavnebobas, satanisturi<br />

ampartavnobis sawyiss uwodebs,<br />

romlisganac warmodgeba survili<br />

RmerTis uary<strong>of</strong>isa, raTa RvTis adgili<br />

adamianma daikavos. ilia II miiCnevs,<br />

rom am avadmy<strong>of</strong>obam Searyia xalxSi<br />

RvTis SiSi da saerTodac Rrma kvali<br />

datova maT sulSi. patriarqi ar<br />

erideba sakuTar Tavze laparaksac.<br />

erT-erT qadagebaSi man ganacxada, rom<br />

erTxel, sasuliero seminariis studentobis<br />

dros, roca TbilisSi Camovida,<br />

diakvanma mama paxumma (obolaZe) axalgazrda<br />

ilia (maSin irakli) uwmides<br />

da unetares kaTolikos-patriarqTan,<br />

melqisedek III-Tan miiyvana. patriarqma<br />

daloca igi, magram rogorc Tavad<br />

hyveba: `etyoba CemSi raRac ampartavnuli<br />

SeniSna da rusulad miTxra:<br />

`RmerTi ampartavanTa Semusravs, xolo<br />

TavmdabalT mianiWebs madls~. es sityvebi,<br />

rogorc ilia meore brZanebs,<br />

gulSi CarCa da mudam axsovs, Tanac<br />

SiSi meuflebao imis gamo, rom ampartavneba<br />

ar iyos CemSio. `saxarebaSi~<br />

sagangebodaa xazgasmuli: `romelmac<br />

daimdablos Tavi Tvisi, igi amaRldes,<br />

da romelmac aimaRlos Tavi Tvisi, igi<br />

damdabldes~. patriarqi Tavmdablobis<br />

magaliTs aZlevs sazogadoebas, ersa<br />

da bers. simdablis magaliTi aris<br />

fexTabana, romelsac (ieso qristes<br />

msgavsad) uwmidesi da unetaresi wmida<br />

samebis taZarSi vnebis Svideulis<br />

xuTSabaTs (did xuTSabaTs) atarebs.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II saSobao<br />

epistole, 1998/1995 ww.<br />

ruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II qadageba<br />

did xuTSabaTs (4 aprili, 2007 w.). _ `sapatriarqos<br />

uwyebani~, Tb., 2007, 19_25 apr., gv. 2.

ilia II TavgamodebiT mouwodebs morwmuneT,<br />

aRZravs CvenSi sinanulis grZnobas da<br />

rom iswrafodnen adamianis aRsarebis madliT iwyeba pirovnebis<br />

nebis RvTis nebasTan Tanxvedrisaken.<br />

swored am ori nebis Serwyma (sinergia)<br />

ganwmendis procesi~. patriarqi eklesias<br />

mouwodebs _ gamoiCinos meti moTmineba,<br />

pirovnebas RvTis nebis aRmsruleblad<br />

morCileba, daimdablos Tavi,<br />

y<strong>of</strong>nis saSualebas da macxovarTan<br />

TanaziarebiT sulierad gadarCenis Zalas<br />

aZlevs. patriarqi eris codvebs<br />

moinaniebs kidec da mxurvale locvebs<br />

aRavlens. misi ideali wmida daviT aRmaSenebelia,<br />

avtori `galobani sinanulisani~-sa.<br />

monaniebis ubadlo nimuSia<br />

daviTis `galobani~.<br />

`Jami raÁ wulilTa da ÃmelTa<br />

aRm<strong>of</strong>SvinvaTaY warmodges,<br />

zari mefobisaYwarxdes da<br />

didebaÁ daSrtes,<br />

Suebani uqm iqmnen,<br />

yvavilovnebaÁ daWnes,<br />

sxuaman miiRos skiptra,<br />

sxuasa Seudgen spani,<br />

maSin Semiwyale msajulo Cemo!~<br />

ilia II xSirad axdens wmida mefis,<br />

daviT aRmaSeneblis citirebas.<br />

Semwynarebeli TvaliT Sexedos adamianTa<br />

uZlurebebs da swori mimar-<br />

Tuleba misces maT y<strong>of</strong>as. `Cven yvela<br />

unda SeviyvaroT da aravis ar unda<br />

vkraT xeli _ arc loTebs, arc narkomanebsa<br />

da qurdebs, arc meZavebs, arc<br />

borotmoqmedT, arc urwmunoT. RmerTma<br />

inebos, yvelani WeSmariti sinanuliT<br />

movidnen eklesiaSi da miiRon kurneba<br />

sulisa~. fiqri sulierebasa da<br />

moralze wiTel zolad gasdevs ilia<br />

II mTel cxovrebas. igi ukiJinebs adamianebs<br />

umoqmedobisaTvis, udardelobisa<br />

da uzrunvelobisaTvis. yovelive<br />

amis ukugdebiT ki modis simtkice da<br />

baraqa. sulierebis arqona da urwmunoeba<br />

miaCnia patriarqs gavrcelebuli<br />

uary<strong>of</strong>iTi movlenebis (narkomania,lo-<br />

Toba, aborti, moraluri dacema, ojaxis<br />

saqarTvelos eklesia, uSualod rRveva da a.S.) mizezad. am uary<strong>of</strong>ipatriarqi<br />

mniSvnelovan yuradRebas<br />

uTmoben mozardi Taobis qristianul<br />

aRzrdas. ilia II locva-kurTxeviT<br />

qveyanaSi ramdenime sasuliero saswavlebeli,<br />

gimnazia da sakvirao skola<br />

Ti movlenebis gamo pasuxismgebelia<br />

saxelmwifo, eklesia, skola da ojaxi.<br />

`saqarTvelos eklesia, _ ganmartavs patriarqi,<br />

_ yovelTvis iyo da darCeba<br />

eris sulier gamaerTianebel Zalad,<br />

gaixsna. bevr maTganSi swavleba amitomac eklesia unda daexmaros saxelmwifos<br />

warmatebiT mimdinareobs. gansakuTrebulad<br />

mniSvnelovani iyo patriarqis<br />

mier sapatimroebis monaxuleba, sadac<br />

msjavrdadebulebs saSualeba miecaT<br />

_ rogorc koordinators, _<br />

yoveli sasikeTo nabijis gadadgmisas;<br />

ra Tqma unda, igive mimarTuleba unda<br />

hqondes skolasac da ojaxsac~. <br />

Sexvedrodnen saqarTvelos sulier patriarqi miiCnevs,rom Cvens rTulsa<br />

mamas da gamxnevebis sityvebi moesminaT<br />

misgan. `is, vinc klavs, vinc qurdobs,<br />

vinc mruSobs, vinc narkotikebs<br />

ikeTebs da sxva mZime danaSaulzec<br />

ar ambobs uars, momakvdinebel codvas<br />

sCadis~ _ mkacrad miuTiTebs patriarqi,<br />

magram Tan aRniSnavs: `yvelaze codvilma<br />

kacmac unda icodes, rom fexze<br />

da problemebiT aRsavse cxovreba-<br />

Si adamianma unda icodes, Tu rogor<br />

sZlios gansacdels. pavle mociquli<br />

ambobs: `urTierTis simZime itvirTeT<br />

da esreT aRasruleT sjuli igi qristesi~.<br />

patriarqi ganmartavs: `... sxva<br />

adamianis tvirTi itvirTe, gauadvile<br />

mas misi cxovrebis gza da amiT aRaswamodgoma<br />

SesaZlebelia da amitom...<br />

imedi ar unda dakargos~. amis garantad<br />

uwmidess adamianis sindisi miaC-<br />

saSobao epistole, 1998_99 ww.<br />

saaRdgomo epistole, 2007 wlis aprili.<br />

nia. misi ganmartebiT, `swored sindisi saSobao epistole, 1998_99 ww.<br />

51

uleb qristes sjulsa da mcnebebs~. <br />

ilia OIIO wuxs, rom dRes mdidar-<br />

Ta gverdiT bevri gaWirvebulia da<br />

moiTxovs,rom im adamianebma,romelTac<br />

aqvT materialuri saSualeba, izrunon<br />

gaWirvebulTa da xelmokleTa ojaxebze.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesia, sapatriarqo<br />

bevrs akeTebs imisaTvis, raTa Seumsubuqos<br />

adamianebs gasaWiri. patriarqis<br />

SewevniT sapatriarqos karis eklesias-<br />

Tan gaixsna `mowyalebis saxli~, sadac<br />

yoveldRiurad ewyoba trapezi. Zegvis<br />

bavSvTa saxlSi izrdebian mzrunvelobas<br />

moklebuli bavSvebi. baTumis<br />

eparqiaSi (feriis savane) miusafari<br />

adamianebi saxloben. es mciredia im<br />

RonisZiebebidan, romlebsac patriarqi<br />

da sapatriarqo qvelmoqmedebis saxiT<br />

atareben.<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqi, rogorc<br />

mwyemsi sruliad saqarTvelosi da<br />

sazRvargareT my<strong>of</strong> qarTvelebze gul-<br />

Sematkivari,xSirad mogzaurobs qveynis<br />

yvela kuTxeSi, moilocavs siwmideebs.<br />

patriarqTan Sexvedra, masTan<br />

urTierToba didi nugeSia xalxisaTvis,<br />

gamamxnevebeli da rwmenis Camnergavia.<br />

mrevli rwmundeba, rom patriarqs<br />

yvelas siyvarulis guliT tareba<br />

SeuZlia. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis stumroba saingiloSi.<br />

sapatriarqosTan arsebuli<br />

misiisa da evangelizaciis gany<strong>of</strong>ileba<br />

1992 wlidan aqtiur misionerul<br />

saqmianobas eweva saingiloSi. mosaxleobas<br />

urigdeba saRvTo wignebi,<br />

jvrebi,xatebi; xdeba garkveuli materialuri<br />

daxmarebis gaweva. qarTveli<br />

samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebi weliwadSi<br />

orjer (23 noembers da 6 maiss)<br />

monawileoben giorgobis dResaswaulSi.<br />

wmida giorgis eklesiaSi imarTeba<br />

naTlobebi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

xelSewyobiT ramdenime ingilom<br />

daamTavra saqarTvelos sasuliero<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II sakvirao<br />

qadageba, 2007 wlis 23 aprili.<br />

52<br />

akademia da saqarTvelos eparqiebSi<br />

(saingiloSic) RvTismsaxurebas eweva.<br />

patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT yovel<br />

zafxuls sapatriarqo 250_300 ingilo<br />

bavSvs saSualebas aZlevs daisvenon<br />

sxvadasxva kurortze. mniSvnelovani<br />

iyo ilia II mier kaxis raionis (kaxis<br />

raionis wmida giorgis eklesiaSi<br />

1988 wels ganaxlda RvTismsaxureba;<br />

1988_92 ww-Si aRdga s<strong>of</strong>. kaxis wmida<br />

giorgis, s<strong>of</strong>. alibeglos wmida ninos<br />

da s<strong>of</strong>. SamaSis mTavarangelozis<br />

eklesiebi) s<strong>of</strong>lebis eklesiebSi<br />

paraklisis gadaxda. amaRelvebeli<br />

iyo patriarqis stumroba sparseTSi<br />

_ fereidnel qarTvelebTan. ilia II<br />

mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad moiloca<br />

tao-klarjeTis qarTuli eklesiebi.<br />

sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli (amis<br />

Sesaxeb zemoTac aRvniSneT), rom patriarqis<br />

Tanamdeboba ara mxolod saeklesio,<br />

aramed saxelmwifoebrivicaa. swored<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi midgomiT gamoirCeva<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II yoveli gadadgmuli<br />

nabiji. igi gverdSi udgas<br />

saxelmwifos da bevrs fiqrobs mis<br />

mowyobaze. patriarqi wuxs, rom qveyanaSi<br />

mimdinare procesebiT xalxis<br />

nawili dabneulia da gulgatexiloba<br />

dauflebia. gadauWreli sakiTxebi (korufcia,<br />

dausaqmebeli mosaxleoba, narkomania,qurdoba,socialurad<br />

daucveli<br />

fenis gamravleba da sxv.) marTlac bevria.<br />

uwmidesi miiCnevs, rom gamosavals<br />

mxolod kreditebsa da daxmarebebSi<br />

ar unda veZebdeT, radgan `uSromlad<br />

miRebuli Tanxa baraqas ver gamoiRebs~.<br />

mTavari, misi azriT, isaa, rom Cven Tvi-<br />

Ton daviwyoT Sroma da vizrunoT imaze,<br />

raTa Rirsni gavxdeT uflis wyalobisa.<br />

`yvelam viciT, _ aRniSnavs patriarqi,<br />

_ rom Cvenma qveyanam demokratiis<br />

gziT ganviTarebis principi airCia da<br />

am mimarTulebiT seriozuli nabijebic<br />

gadadga,magram... cxovrebis es wesi ucxo<br />

qveynebis y<strong>of</strong>is brmad mibaZvas ar niSnavs...<br />

yvela qveyanas sakuTari demokra-

tiuli wyoba unda hqondes, dafuZnebuli<br />

erovnul tradiciebze, kulturaze,<br />

azrovnebaze...~ <br />

rakiRa saqarTvelom aqcenti kanonis<br />

uzenaesobaze gaakeTa, amitomac<br />

`rogor kanonebs miiRebs saxelmwifo,<br />

es ganapirobebs qveyanaSi mimdinare<br />

ara marto ekonomikur da socialur<br />

procesebs, aramed xalxis sulier mdgomareobasac~.<br />

patriarqi Tvlis, rom<br />

sakanonmdeblo bazis SeqmnaSi aqtiuri<br />

monawileoba unda miiRos qveynis<br />

yvela moqalaqem, Tanac miuTiTebs: `xelisuflebam<br />

unda gaiTvaliswinos is<br />

faqti, rom qveyanaSi arsebuli kanonebi<br />

ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes RvTisgan<br />

dadgenil kanonebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi<br />

saxelmwifo, rogori ganviTarebulic<br />

ar unda iyos ekonomikurad, aucileblad<br />

didi sulieri problemis winaSe<br />

dadgeba~. patriarqis yoveli gamonaTqvami,<br />

misi yoveli naazrevi naTlad<br />

gviCvenebs, rom igi Tavis xalx-<br />

Tanaa, masze fiqrobs da zrunavs. amis<br />

naTeli magaliTia is, rom 1989 wlis 9<br />

aprilis umZimes wuTebSi ilia II Tavis<br />

xalxTan iyo. man mTels samwysos<br />

amcno mosalodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb<br />

da erTaderTi swori gzisken _ qaSve-<br />

Tis eklesiaSi locvisken mouwoda. am<br />

brZnuli rCevis Seusmenlobis Sedegi 9<br />

aprilis tragedia gaxldaT. 1991 wlis<br />

dekembris movlenebis dros patriarqi<br />

yovelmxriv Seecada moerigebina<br />

dapirispirebuli mxareebi. mis mier<br />

gadadgmuli nabijebi rTuli, magram<br />

swori iyo, mis moqmedebaSi sibrZne gamosWvioda.<br />

patriarqs momavlisa da<br />

gamarjvebis rwmena ar tovebs. man kargad<br />

icis, rom qristes gza `viwroa da<br />

ekliani, magram erTaderTia da gadamrCeneli.<br />

igi jvarcmaa, magram igi aris<br />

aRdgomac~. <br />

saaRdgomo epistole, 2000 w. 17(30) aprili.<br />

iqve.<br />

iqve.<br />

iqve.<br />

53<br />

ilia II Tavisi dauRalavi moRvaweobiT<br />

SeZlo erisa da eklesiis gaer-<br />

Tianeba. aTeuli wlebis manZilze Zalad<br />

gaxleCili, qarTuli eklesiisagan<br />

mowyvetili sazogadoeba, romelic urwmunoebis<br />

gamo sulierad dakninebuli<br />

iyo da mravali mankieri Tviseba gaaCnda,<br />

kvlav Semobrunda qristianobisaken.<br />

aq udidesi roli ilia II pirovnebam,<br />

misma znekeTilobam Seasrula. swored<br />

man warmoaCina axleburad qristianobis<br />

Zala, eklesiis mniSvneloba<br />

sazogadoebisaTvis. amasTan, win wamoswia<br />

qristianobis SemecnebiTi mxare;<br />

aCvena, rom es mxolod rwmena ki ara,<br />

mecnieruli codnacaa. patriarqis mcdelobiT<br />

eklesiam aRidgina da aaRorZina<br />

Tavisi kargi tradiciebi. Sesabamisad<br />

gaizarda mecnierTa, xelovnebis<br />

muSakTa roli _ gulisxmierad moekidon<br />

eris sulieri ganaTlebis saqmes,<br />

mxarSi amoudgnen mSobliur eklesias<br />

da RirsebiT emsaxuron mas. `marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesias, _ miiCnevs patriarqi,<br />

_ unda hqondes mWidro kontaqti<br />

mecnierebTan da is sasicocxlo da,<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas,sabediswero sakiTxebi,<br />

romlebic aRelvebs ms<strong>of</strong>lios, eklesiis<br />

yuradRebis miRma ar unda darCes~. <br />

ilia II mudmivi yuradReba ar mohklebia<br />

umaRles skolas, studentobas.<br />

misi xSiri vizitebi universitetebSi,<br />

Sexvedrebi pr<strong>of</strong>esor-maswavleblebsa<br />

da studentebTan, misi saqmiani saubrebi,<br />

yvelaze zrunvis gamomxatveli<br />

xibli sayovelTao siyvarulis SaravandediT<br />

mosavs mis uwmidesobas. 2002<br />

wlis 7 oqtombers iv. javaxiSvilis<br />

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />

didma samecniero sabWom<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />

II Tavis sapatio doqtorad airCia. es<br />

madlierebis gamoxatva iyo saerTod<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi (Tbilisis<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II saSobao<br />

epistole, 2002_2003 ww. qristesSoba).

universiteti gaxsnis dRes, 1918 wlis<br />

26 ianvars, kaTolikos-patriarqma kirionma<br />

akurTxa da Semdeg sazeimo paraklisi<br />

gadaixada universitetis maSindel<br />

eklesiaSi), aRiareba iyo ilia II<br />

didi amagisa ganaTlebis sistemisadmi;<br />

misi gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebisa<br />

Tbilisis universitetisadmi (patriarqis<br />

locva-kurTxeva da Tanadgoma<br />

yovelTvis gamorCeuli iyo qveynis<br />

pirveli umaRlesi saswavleblisadmi,<br />

alma-materisadmi).<br />

samadlobel sityvaSi ilia II xazi<br />

gausva codnisa da rwmenis mWidro kavSiris<br />

aucileblobas, rom adamiani<br />

codnisa da rwmenis saSualebiT aRwevs<br />

sruly<strong>of</strong>ilebas; `mxolod morwmune<br />

adamiani aris mona RvTisa, xolo morwmune<br />

da ganaTlebuli adamiani aris megobari<br />

RvTisa,~ _ gaixsena patriarqma<br />

klimenti aleqsandrielis sityvebi.<br />

2005 wlis 11 marts sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

saerTo krebam sapatio akademikosad<br />

airCia. patriarqma Tavis sityvaSi mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis saerTo krebaze<br />

erTxel kidev moiTxova mecnierebisa<br />

da eklesiis urTierTobis ganmtkiceba.<br />

`saqarTvelos tradicia, saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis tradicia, _ aRniSna uwmidesma,<br />

_ iyo da rCeba is, rom eklesia da<br />

mecniereba iyo metad daaxloebuli<br />

erTmaneTTan~ (sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia II gamosvlis teqsti<br />

2005 wlis 11 marts, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiis saerTo<br />

krebaze, daculia akademiis arqivSi).<br />

ilia II yuradReba miaqcia im garemoebas,<br />

rom TiTqmis yvela monasteri iyo<br />

ara marto didi sulierebis centri,<br />

aramed didi mecnieruli savane, sadac<br />

iwereboda originaluri Sromebi, sadac<br />

iTargmneboda sxvadasxva mecnieruli<br />

da saRvTismetyvelo Txzuleba<br />

da sadac moRvaweobdnen didi mecnierebi.<br />

daviT aRmaSenebelma daaarsa<br />

ra gelaTis akademia, miznad dasaxa,<br />

y<strong>of</strong>iliyo igi axali ierusalimi Tavisi<br />

didi sulierebiT da meore aTina<br />

Tavisi didi mecnierebiT. `Cven mTeli<br />

istoriis manZilze vcdilobdiT da<br />

vcdilobT, _ brZana patriarqma akademiis<br />

saerTo krebaze,_ rom ganvaxorcieloT<br />

es anderZi didi mefis daviT<br />

aRmaSeneblisa. ar SeiZleba vicxovroT<br />

mxolod Cveni warsuliT, ar SeiZleba<br />

Cven viamayoT mxolod Cveni didi istoriiT,<br />

aramed, upirveles yovlisa,<br />

dRes unda vifiqroT dRevandel dReze,<br />

dRevandel pirobebze, im siZneleebze,<br />

romlebic dgas eris winaSe, da unda<br />

vifiqroT momavalze~. ilia II mowodebaa,<br />

rom erma, eklesiam da saxelmwifom<br />

da, pirvel rigSi, mecnierebma ifiqron<br />

qarTul ideologiaze, im ideaze, romelic<br />

gadaarCens saqarTvelos. patriarqis<br />

moRvaweobis 30 weli, periodi,<br />

roca ufalma saqarTvelos sulier<br />

mamad ilia II mouvlina, umZimesi wlebia<br />

(jer iyo da eklesiisaTvis umZimesi<br />

sabWoTa periodi). xelisuflebis<br />

Secvlas, garkveul dadebiT mxareebTan<br />

erTad, hqonda mZime Sedegebi rogorc<br />

eklesiisaTvis, ise erisaTvis. eklesiis<br />

sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom miuxedavad<br />

siZneleebisa, mainc win midioda.<br />

friad mravlismetyveli iyo ilia<br />

II Sexvedra mis uwmidesobasTan romis<br />

papTan ioane pavle II-sTan. roca papma<br />

rukaze saqarTvelo moZebna, gakvirvebulma<br />

ganacxada – ra rTuli adgili<br />

gikaviaTo. ilia II auxsna paps, rom<br />

saqarTvelo mudam brZolaSi iyo, raTa<br />

daecva ena,kultura,eklesia da dRemde<br />

moeRwia. paps kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebiT upasuxia:<br />

amitomac xarT Zlierebi,rom gauZeliT<br />

amaso.<br />

patriarqs miaCnia, rom mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiam unda SeimuSaos rekomendaciebi<br />

saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis<br />

sakiTxebze; axalgazrdoba unda<br />

aRizardos mecnierTa Sromebze. `Tqven<br />

albaT miaqcieT yuradReba saeklesio<br />

54

55<br />

droSas,_ brZana ilia II,_ romelzec gamosaxulia<br />

wmida ninos jvari da jvars<br />

garSemo misdevs lurji feris zoli,<br />

romelic aris farTo, ganieri da ufro<br />

viwro; es ganieri da viwro uerTdeba<br />

erTmaneTs jvris garSemo da es swored<br />

imis miTiTebaa, rom kavSiri unda iyos<br />

ufros da umcros TaobaTa Soris. es<br />

yvelaferi saqarTvelos sakeTildReod<br />

unda iqnes gamoyenebuli~ (Sdr. sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />

II 1990 wlis `saaRdgomo epistoles~<br />

amonarids: `dadga dro ufrosi Taobis<br />

jer arnaxuli daundobeli lanZRvisa<br />

im sababiT, TiTqos maT daRupes saqarTvelo...<br />

sakiTxavi isicaa, maT adgilas<br />

gana Cven ukeTesni viqnebodiT?<br />

gavuZlebdiT im wlebis simZimes?~). uwmidesma<br />

Cveuli TavmdablobiT Seafasa<br />

mecnierTa Rvawli: `me Tavs vixri Cveni<br />

mecnierebis winaSe da minda vTqva, rom<br />

didia Tqveni Rvawli, Tqveni wvlili<br />

erisa da eklesiis winaSe, Cveni qveynis<br />

winaSe~. Tavmdabloba swored isaa, rom<br />

mravali akademiis wevrma da araerTi<br />

jildos mflobelma (saqarTvelos patriarqi<br />

dajildoebulia ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

(konstantinopolis) sapatriarqos, antioqiis,<br />

ierusalimis, aleqsandriis,<br />

ruseTis, saberZneTis, bulgareTis, rumineTis,<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoebis;<br />

poloneTis, Cexoslovakiisa da TiTqmis<br />

yvela sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

umaRlesi jildoTi. aris niuiorkis<br />

sasuliero akademiis RvTismetyvelebis<br />

doqtori, kretis sasuliero<br />

akademiis sapatio wevri, gaerosTan<br />

arsebuli informatizaciis saerTaSoriso<br />

akademiis namdvili wevri, amerikis<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

tixonis saRvTismetyvelo seminariis<br />

RvTismetyvelebis doqtori) sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

udides pativad miiRo Tbilisis<br />

universitetis sapatio doqtorad da<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio<br />

akademikosad arCeva. misTvis sakuTari<br />

samSoblos aRiareba uzenaesia.<br />

esec naTeli magaliTia samSoblo qveynis<br />

WeSmariti siyvarulisa.<br />

ilia II zedmiwevniT asrulebs mecnierTaTvis<br />

micemul sityvas. am mxriv<br />

mraval sasargeblo saqmes akeTebs<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

fondi, romelic mxarSi udgas mecnierebs.<br />

umniSvnelovanesi iyo ilia<br />

II Sexvedra mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

wevrebTan da wevr-korespondentebTan<br />

2007 wlis 30 ianvars, roca misma uwmidesobam<br />

mowveulni unikaluri saeklesio<br />

wignebiTa (`naTeli qristesi _<br />

saqarTvelo~) da sapatio sigelebiT<br />

daajildova.<br />

gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos,<br />

rom bolo ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

moxda gamorCeul, Rirseul qarTvel<br />

mamuliSvilTa kanonizireba.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa<br />

mowamebrivad aRsrulebuli<br />

didi qarTveli mwerali da sazogado<br />

moRvawe ilia WavWavaZe (1987 w.), wmida<br />

ninos mSoblebi _ susana da zabuloni,<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaia,<br />

quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti<br />

nazari krebulTan erTad, imereTis<br />

episkoposi gabriel qiqoZe, episkoposi<br />

aleqsandre oqropiriZe,iRumeni aleqsi<br />

SuSania, mRvdeli Tevdore (1995 w.); 1999<br />

wels wmindanad iqna Seracxili cotne<br />

dadiani. ukanasknel xans wmindanTa<br />

dass Seematnen kaTolikosebi: petre I<br />

da samoel I, abuseriZe tbeli, Tevdore<br />

aWareli, klarjeli mamani da dedani,<br />

ilarion qarTveli (axali),kaTolikospatriarqi<br />

kirion II,eqvTime TayaiSvili<br />

da RvTisa da mamulisaTvis Tavdadebuli<br />

sxva qarTvelebi. 2007 wlis 26<br />

aprils, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomaze<br />

wmindanTa dasSi Seiracxa gamoCenili<br />

qarTveli sazogado moRvawe, publicisti,<br />

erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />

moZraobis erT-erTi mesveuri dimitri<br />

yifiani da ewoda wmida dimitri yifiani,<br />

samSoblosaTvis wamebuli. wmida

sinodis ganCinebiT, misi xsenebis dRed<br />

misive dabadebis dRe – 14/26 aprili<br />

dadginda.<br />

ilia II locva-kurTxeviT saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiam araerTi siwmide<br />

daibruna. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT tradiciad iqca morwmuneTa<br />

mier moZRvrebTan erTad `wmida<br />

ninos gzis~ (faravnidan mcxeTamde)<br />

fexiT gavla. am misias mravali qarTvelis<br />

monaTvla da ziareba mohyva Sedegad,<br />

aRdga mdinareSi monaTvlis wesi<br />

(imarTeba mociqulTa moxseniebis dRes<br />

– 13 ivliss, mcxeTaSi, mtkvrisa da aragvis<br />

SesarTavTan).<br />

uwmidesis saxelTanaa uSualod<br />

dakavSirebuli RvTismsaxurebis dros<br />

qarTuli sagaloblebis aRdgena-ganaxleba<br />

(ilia II kaTolikos-patriarqad<br />

aRsaydrebamde sakmaod dabal doneze<br />

sruldeboda sagaloblebi, romelTa<br />

avtorebi upiratesad rusebi iyvnen).<br />

Seiqmna mgalobelTa Zlieri gundi, romelic<br />

TiTqmis 30 welia qarTul sagaloblebs<br />

didi warmatebiT asrulebs.<br />

niSandoblivia, rom ZvelTan erTad Tanamedrove<br />

qarTveli kompozitorebis<br />

mier saeklesio tradiciebis dacviT<br />

Seqmnili sagaloblebic sruldeba. saocaria,<br />

magram faqtia, rom bolo periodSi<br />

Seqmnili qarTuli sagaloblebidan<br />

Tavisi melodiurobiT, gulSi<br />

Camwvdomi sinatifiT gamoirCeva ilia<br />

II mier Seqmnili sagaloblebi. uwmidesma,<br />

jer kidev sruliad axalgazrdam,<br />

baTumSi mRvdel-monazvnad msaxurebisas<br />

Seqmna sagalobeli `wmidao<br />

RmerTo, wmidao Zliero~. es sagalobeli<br />

gamorCeuli siyvaruliT sargeblobs<br />

qarTvel mosaxleobaSi. gasuli<br />

saukunis 60-ian wlebSi patriarq efrem<br />

II-sTan erTad CexoslovakiaSi vizitiT<br />

mRvdel-monazoni iliac iyo. praRaSi,<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi y<strong>of</strong>nisas<br />

mRvdel-monazonma iliam organze Seasrula<br />

`wmidao RmerTo~. iq my<strong>of</strong>ni aRfrTovanebulan.<br />

saqme isaa, rom TviT<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqsac pirvelad<br />

56<br />

mousmenia es nawarmoebi. igi mimxvdara,<br />

Tu vin iyo avtori am sagaloblisa da<br />

mxurvale madlobis sityvebi uTqvams<br />

axalgazrda mRvdel-monazvnisTvis.<br />

2007 wlis martSi moskovSi patriarqis<br />

vizitis dros, qriste-macxovris<br />

grandiozul taZarSi, sadac saRmrTo<br />

liturgias oTxi aTasze meti sxvadasxva<br />

erovnebis morwmune eswreboda, Sesrulda<br />

ilia II mier Seqmnili genialuri<br />

`kirie eleÁson~. sagalobelma, romelic<br />

brwyinvaled Seasrula saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqos gundma, mrevlis<br />

aRfrTovaneba gamoiwvia. kmay<strong>of</strong>ileba<br />

da moxibluloba ver dafara uwmidesma<br />

aleqsi II, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis<br />

patriarqma. man sagangebod ixmo<br />

moskovis sapatriarqos mgalobelTa<br />

gundis regenti, daavala saswrafod<br />

moepovebina `kirie eleÁson~-is notebi,<br />

rom maT mgaloblebsac repertuarSi<br />

SeetanaT. roca aleqsi II gaigo, rom<br />

am sagaloblis avtori ilia II iyo,<br />

gancvifrebulma gulwrfelad miuloca<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqs warmatebuli<br />

musikaluri nawarmoebis Seqmna.<br />

ilia II gamorCeulia mxatvrobis<br />

niWiTac. misi diapazoni ar SeiZleba<br />

mxolod xatweriT SemovfargloT; igi<br />

farTo masStabis mxatvaria. ar SeiZleba<br />

Tayvaniscemis grZnoba ar dageuflos<br />

patriarqis mier Sesrulebuli (dawerili)<br />

wmida samebis xatis xilvisas.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas,rom igi mniSvnelovani<br />

siwmide da salocavia wmida samebis<br />

taZrisa. maRali ostatobiTaa ilia<br />

II mier Sesrulebuli Tamaris freska<br />

didubis eklesiaSi, RvTismSobeli _<br />

manglisis sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi,<br />

vaxtang gorgasali _ rusTavis eklesiaSi,<br />

Tamar mefe da solomon brZeni _<br />

Tbilisis sapatriarqo rezindenciaSi<br />

da sxva mravali. patriarqma pirad<br />

magaliTTan erTad zrunva ar moaklo<br />

qarTuli saeklesio ferweris (monumenturi<br />

mxatvrobis) tradiciebis aRdgena-ganviTarebas.<br />

swored ilia II<br />

gansakuTrebuli xelSewyobiTa da

locva-kurTxeviT Tbilisis sasuliero<br />

akademiaSi Camoyalibda xatmwerTa<br />

skola, romelic warmatebulad saqmianobs.<br />

ilia II TaosnobiT sapatriarqoSi<br />

Seiqmna xuroTmoZRvruli centri.<br />

es Zalian mniSvnelovani dawesebulebaa;<br />

igi funqciurad erTaderTia, vinc<br />

akontrolebs saeklesio dogmatebis,<br />

kanonikis dacvas ferwerasa da arqiteqturaSi.<br />

ganuzomelia ilia II avtoriteti da<br />

popularoba ara marto saqarTveloSi,<br />

aramed mis farglebs gareTac, saerTa-<br />

Soriso masStabiT. uwmidesi mraval<br />

saerTaSoriso RonisZiebaSi monawileobda.<br />

igi 1978_83 wlebSi arCeuli iyo<br />

eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWos prezidentad.<br />

praqtikulad man warmarTa saiubileo<br />

liturgiuli msaxurebani ruseTis<br />

gaqristianebis 1000 wlisTavze<br />

moskovSi, risTvisac mas gansakuTrebiT<br />

pativs miageben ara mxolod rusi<br />

mRvdelmsaxurni, aramed mrevlic. misi<br />

usazRvro avtoritetis demonstrireba<br />

iyo 2007 wlis 1_5 martis viziti<br />

moskovSi, ruseTis sapatriarqos miwveviT.<br />

saqarTvelos delegacia sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />

II meTaurobiT (am striqonebis avtors<br />

wilad xvda delegaciis wevrobis didi<br />

pativi) xazgasmuli pativiT miiRes da<br />

gamoxates gansakuTrebuli pativiscema<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqis mimarT. viziti<br />

mieZRvna `Православная Энциклопедия~s<br />

XIII tomis gamosvlas. am tomSi Sesulia<br />

statiebi `saqarTvelo~, `saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia~ da<br />

sxv. es faqtobrivad sababi iyo esoden<br />

maRali donis saeklesio delegaciis<br />

miwvevisa. realurad viziti garkveul<br />

politikur elfers atarebda. gasaTvaliswinebelia,<br />

rom saxelmwifoTa<br />

Soris urTierToba daZabuli iyo: ruseTis<br />

mTavrobis miTiTebiT SemoRebuli<br />

savizo reJimi, embargo qarTul<br />

alkoholur da mineralur sasmelebze,<br />

xilsa da bostneulze; gamwvavebuli<br />

57<br />

viTareba Sida qarTlsa da afxazeTSi,<br />

raSic ruseTis roli gamokveTilia;<br />

vizebis gacemis praqtikuli Sewyveta<br />

_ ai movlenebi, romlebic amZafrebda<br />

politikur fons.<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqis viziti<br />

ruseTSi WeSmaritad istoriuli iyo.<br />

aseTi Sefaseba mieca mas ruseTsa da<br />

saqarTveloSi. vizitis metad saintereso,<br />

mravalmniSvnelovan movlenaTa<br />

Soris gamorCeuli iyo qriste-macxovris<br />

uzarmazar taZarSi ori patriarqis<br />

_ ilia II da aleqsi II _ mier<br />

Sesrulebuli erToblivi wirva, or-<br />

Tave patriarqma SesTxova ufals, rom<br />

mSvidoba sufevdes qarTvel da rus<br />

erebs Soris.<br />

uaRresad mniSvnelovani iyo ilia<br />

II sityva sazeimo trapezze 2007 wlis<br />

4 marts, qriste-macxovris taZarSi.<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqi gulTbilad<br />

miesalma rus kolegebs da aRniSna:<br />

`ufalma ganago is, rom gvemoRvaweva<br />

or saukunesa da or aTaswleulSi.<br />

es metad rTuli droa. Cven vxedavT,<br />

rom is procesebi, romlebic amJamad<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi mimdinareobs, gardauvalia.<br />

amave dros, es aris aseve metad saxifa-<br />

To procesebi. saxifaToa im mxriv, rom<br />

Cven, SesaZloa, davkargoT is faseulobebi,<br />

romlebic saukuneTa ganmavloba-<br />

Si Seqmnes da daaunjes Cvenma winaprebma.<br />

mxedvelobaSi maqvs Cveni sulieri,<br />

erovnuli, kulturuli, samecniero da<br />

sxva faseulobani... Cveni eklesiebi _<br />

ruseTis eklesiac da saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiac yvelafers akeTeben imisaTvis,<br />

rom adamianebma gaarCion avi da kargi...<br />

sakiTxavia isic, Tu rogor gavlenas<br />

iqoniebs esa Tu is qveyana kavkasiaze?<br />

mTavaria, ar davkargoT RvTis madli...<br />

zogierTs surs gadasinjos kavkasiis<br />

sazRvrebi. es Zalian saxifaToa, es<br />

dausrulebeli sisxlismRvreli omia~. <br />

ilia II sagangebod gausva xazi, rom<br />

ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />

ix. `sapatriarqos uwyebani~, Tb., 2007, 22_28 marti,<br />

gv. 2_3.

aRiarebs saqarTvelos teritoriul<br />

mTlianobas da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis erTianobas. es<br />

yovelive ki xsnis im daZabulobas,<br />

romelic Cndeba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos<br />

Soris. `aucileblad unda aRdges<br />

ndoba, _ brZana patriarqma, _ Cvens<br />

saxelmwifo moRvaweTa Soris. mimaCnia,<br />

rom es viziti aris umniSvnelovanesi<br />

dasawyisi am ndobis aRsadgenad,radgan<br />

es Cveni viziti scildeba eklesiaTa-<br />

Sorisi urTierTobebis farglebs~. <br />

metad STambeWdavi da politikuri<br />

safanliT iyo gajerebuli saqar-<br />

Tvelos patriarqis gamosvla (qadageba)<br />

wirvisas, roca igi afxazeTis problemas<br />

Seexo. uwmidesma aRniSna, rom<br />

swored axla, wirvis dros, 4 marts<br />

afxazeTSi tardeba parlamentis arCevnebi.<br />

da es maSin, roca mosaxleobis 2/3<br />

devnilia, afxazeTis farglebs miRma<br />

imy<strong>of</strong>eba. patriarqis es sityvebi realobas<br />

asaxavda da JReradobac didi<br />

hqonda. rogorc aRiniSna, saRmrTo<br />

liturgias sxvadasxva erovnebis 4000-<br />

ze meti kaci, maT Soris masmediis warmomadgenlebi<br />

eswrebodnen.<br />

patriarqis gamosaTxovari sityvis<br />

dasasruli imediani iyo: `gamovTqvamT<br />

imeds, rom miuxedavad yvela siZnelisa,<br />

RvTis madliT, Cvens qveynebs Soris arsebul<br />

problemebs davZlevT~.<br />

saqarTvelos saeklesio delegaciis<br />

moskovurma vizitma erTxel kidev<br />

warmoaCina ilia II didi Zala, mtkice<br />

xasiaTi, dialogis gamarTvis didi unari,<br />

mizanswrafva da saocari siyvaruli<br />

moyvasisa (es gansakuTrebiT moskovis<br />

qarTuli eklesiis mrevlTan da<br />

qarTul saTvistomosTan Sexvedrisas<br />

gamoCnda).<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqis mowodebaa<br />

– `gavacnobieroT ra aris sikeTe<br />

da ra – boroteba, romel gzas mivyavarT<br />

cxovrebisaken da romels daRupvisaken...<br />

xsna mxolod adamianisa da<br />

iqve, gv. 3.<br />

58<br />

RmrTis erTobaSia~. ilia II miiCnevs,<br />

rom aucilebelia siyvarulamde ama-<br />

Rleba. igi xSirad mimarTavs wmida<br />

werils: `siyvaruli sulgrZelia da<br />

tkbili; siyvaruls ar Surs; siyvaruli<br />

ar qedmaRlobs, ar zvaobs, ar uke-<br />

Turobs, ar eZebs Tavisas, ar mrisxanebs,<br />

ar ganizraxavs borots; ar Sehxaris<br />

usamarTlobas, aramed WeSmaritebiT<br />

xarobs. yvelafers ifaravs, yvelaferi<br />

swams, yvelafris imedi aqvs, yvelafers<br />

iTmens~ (pirveli korinTelTa mimarT,13,<br />

4-7). Tu movipovebT aseT madls, ganmartavs<br />

uwmidesi, RvTis Svilobis Rirsi<br />

gavxdebiT.<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqis didma<br />

damsaxurebam da qarTuli marTlmadideblobis<br />

gazrda-gafarToebaSi Setanilma<br />

wvlilma ganapiroba konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmeba saxelmwifosa da<br />

eklesias Soris (konkordati), romlis<br />

ZaliTac kanonmdeblobis doneze<br />

mowesrigda saxelmwifosa da eklesias<br />

Soris urTierToba.<br />

ilia II WeSmariti mwyemsia qristianuli<br />

saqarTvelosi. igi Tavis<br />

erze, qveyanaze usazRvrod Seyvarebulia,<br />

masze m<strong>of</strong>iqralia yovelTvis da<br />

misTvis mlocvelia. yoveli locvisas<br />

patriarqi saqarTvelosa da qarTvel<br />

ers avedrebs ufals _ qveynis gadar-<br />

Cenasa da xalxis dRegrZelobas Ses-<br />

Txovs. sulisSemZvrelad STambeWdavia<br />

uwmidesis mier Sesrulebuli locva<br />

sinis mTaze, e.w. `wmida mwvervalze~, anu<br />

moses mTaze. es mTa kldeebSia zRvis<br />

donidan 2300 metris simaRleze. swored<br />

aq gamoecxada ufali ormoci dRis<br />

ganmavlobaSi marxul moses da uboZa<br />

aTi mcneba or fiqalze amotvifruli.<br />

swored am mTaze avida saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi; fexSiSvelma<br />

kldeSi gamokveTili oTxi aTasi maRali<br />

safexuri aiara. ase mieaxla `wmida<br />

mwvervals~. uwmidesma madloba Ses-<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesis da unetaresis ilia II saSobao<br />

epistole, 1998/1999, qristesSoba.

wira ufals... imisTvis, rom qarTvel<br />

xalxs misca ena da rwmena; Seavedra<br />

Cveni eklesia, mTeli qarTveli eri, gansakuTrebiT<br />

axalgazrdoba, bavSvebi,<br />

mSobiare dedebi da a.S. `iseTi madli<br />

da Zali, romelic aq vigrZeni, ar ganmicdia<br />

arsad Cems cxovrebaSi~ _ ganacxada<br />

mogvianebiT uwmidesma da unetaresma.<br />

gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqis `locva wmida<br />

mwvervalze~ epistolarul-mWevrmetyveluri<br />

xelovnebis brwyinvale nimuSia.<br />

ganmacvifrebelia gulmxurvale<br />

RaRadisi:<br />

`... mamao saxiero, gevedrebi saxeliTa<br />

Zisa SenisaTa, nu ganeSorebi ersa<br />

Cvensa SecodebaTa gamo CvenTa; mogvi-<br />

Zien, viTarca mamai moiZiebs Zesa Tvissa<br />

warwymedulsa; Segvindev urwmunoebani,<br />

gulficxobai, ampartavnebai, Suri da<br />

vercxlismoyvareobai; geajebiT, aRxocen<br />

codvani Cvenni da gankurnen sulni<br />

Cvenni vnebulni; mogvmadle sarwmunoebani<br />

WeSmariti, siyvaruli uZleveli,<br />

Zali wylisa da Zlierebai cecxlisa,<br />

aRgvavse madliTa yovladwmidisa<br />

samebisa; sarwmunoebasa da siyvarulsa<br />

Sina Sensa ganamtkice mTavroba Cveni;<br />

gvakurTxe mSvidobiTa ufalo,mogvfine<br />

suli siwmidisai, da Tavmdablobisai<br />

da moTminebisai.<br />

ganamravlen Svilni da SvilTa<br />

Svilni Cvenni, guli wmidai dabade maT<br />

Soris, suli wrfeli ganuaxle gvamsa<br />

maT Sina.<br />

akurTxe gvirgvini qorwinebulTa<br />

da siyvaruliTa ganamtkice kavSiri<br />

maTi; codvani siWabukisa da umecrebisai<br />

Seundev da naTelhyav momavali<br />

maTi...<br />

... gevedrebi ufalo, ganunaTle goneba<br />

mecnierTa, mweralTa da xelovanTa<br />

CvenTa. daloce saqme maTi, raTa iqmnas<br />

naRvawi maTi sakeTilod qveynisa, raTa<br />

SromiTa TvisiTa gemsaxuron Sen,emsaxuron<br />

ersa Sensa iveriisasa.<br />

daloce Cveni mSromeli xalxi,<br />

yoveli maSvrali da tvirTmZime. CvenTa<br />

didTa winaparTa rwmena, siyvaruli da<br />

siwminde mianiWe maT...<br />

... garna ra gTxovo ufalo, maTTvis,<br />

romelni uargy<strong>of</strong>en Sen, romelni<br />

vlenan gzasa cTomilTasa? geajebi,Seiwyale<br />

igini, moaqcie da mrevlsa Sensa<br />

SeuerTe: `raTa iyos erTi samwyso da<br />

erTi mwyemsi!~...<br />

... muxlmodrekili aRvavlen locvebs,<br />

ufalo, mSvidobisaTvis s<strong>of</strong>lisa,<br />

raTa sufevdes qveyanasa zeda mSvidoba<br />

da kacTa Soris saTnoeba. mamao wmida,<br />

geajebi, Seismine locvisa Cemisai da<br />

dagvifaren Cven~ (naTeli qristesi _<br />

saqarTvelo, I, Tb., 2003, gv. 10).<br />

xalxis usazRvro siyvaruli patriarqisadmi<br />

gamoxatulia mis survilSi<br />

_ dRegrZeli iyos ilia meore. xalxis<br />

neba gaiTvaliswina xelisuflebam<br />

da saxelmwifos upirvelesi da umaRlesi<br />

jildoTi _ daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

ordeniT daajildova sruliad saqar-<br />

Tvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II. es jildo uwmidesma<br />

miiRo mravalwliani Tavdadebuli<br />

moRvaweobisaTvis,RmrTisa da eris<br />

samsaxurisaTvis, im didi wvlilisaTvis,<br />

romelic mas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis damoukideblobis<br />

mopoveba-aRorZinebis saqmeSi miuZRoda;<br />

qarTveli eris sulieri da fizikuri<br />

gadarCenisaTvis, saxelmwifoebriobis<br />

mSeneblobasa da qveynis gamTlianebisaTvis<br />

brZolaSi gaweuli gansakuTrebuli<br />

RvawlisaTvis. niSandoblivia,<br />

rom ilia II jerjerobiT erTaderTi<br />

pirovnebaa, romelsac umaRlesi jildo<br />

mieniWa. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

mimarT madliereba farTodaa fexgadgmuli<br />

xalxSi. erovnuli suliskveTebis<br />

gaZlierebisaTvis, rac esoden mkveTrad<br />

SeimCneva qarTul sazogadoebaSi, patriarqi<br />

dajildoebul iqna wmida mefis,<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis ordeniT. ilia<br />

II erma WeSmarit sulier mamad iwama<br />

da ilia WavWavaZis eriskacuri saqmis<br />

gamgrZeleblad miiCnia:<br />

59

`imedo qarTvlis!<br />

Sens epistoles gulze viwerT,<br />

mun sibrZniT gaTlils!..<br />

waruZex mamuls uflis rwmeniT,<br />

macxovris xatiT,<br />

da sami sityviT,<br />

sami sityviT ilia marTlis!~<br />

(r.amaSukeli).<br />

Tu XIX saukunis II naxevarSi saqarTvelos<br />

hyavda didi ilia, enis, mamulisa<br />

da sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavgamodebuli<br />

mebrZoli; XX saukunis pirvel<br />

ormocwleulSi iyo didi ivane javaxiSvili,<br />

romelmac ers Tavdadebuli<br />

SromiT samSoblos usazRvro siyvarulis<br />

magaliTi uCvena; gasuli saukunis<br />

bolo ormocwleulsa da XXI<br />

saukunis dasawyisSi aris pirovneba<br />

_ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia meore, romelmac didi RirsebiT<br />

gaagrZela ilia WavWavaZisa da ivane<br />

javaxiSvilis gza, Tavisi Zlieri mxrebiT<br />

burjad Seudga did winaparTa saqmeebs;<br />

pirovneba, romelsac ar aSinebs<br />

tvirTis simZime, imedad moevlina ers _<br />

Zalisxmevas ar iSurebs xalxis samsaxurisaTvis,sikeTesa<br />

da siTbos asxivebs<br />

da aTbobs adamianTa gulebs.<br />

saqarTvelo RvTismSoblis wilxvedri<br />

qveyanaa. aq qristianoba mociqulebma<br />

da mociqulTa sworma wmida<br />

ninom gaavrceles. 2000 weli qristes<br />

madli adgas gvirgvinad qarTvel<br />

xalxs. saqarTvelo _ mravalWirgadatanili<br />

qveyana _ amayobs Tavisi gmiruli<br />

warsuliT, gamarjvebiT, gmirebiT.<br />

warsulis pativiscema da siyvaruli<br />

ufro amZafrebs momTxovnelobas dRevandelobisadmi<br />

da fiqrs momavalze,<br />

xvalindel dReze. swored dRes da<br />

xval sWirdeba qveyanas mZlavrad dadgoma<br />

fexze da warmatebuli saqmianoba.<br />

warsulis pativiscemiT, dRevandelobaze<br />

zrunviT da momavlis rwmeniT<br />

xalxs miuZRvis qarTuli eklesia,<br />

romelsac saTaveSi udgas RvTisgan<br />

gamorCeuli, 50 weli berobaSi my<strong>of</strong>i, 30<br />

weli kaTolikos-patriarqad aRsaydrebuli,75<br />

wlis qristesmieri siyvaruliT<br />

savse adamiani... didi mwyemsi qarTveli<br />

erisa _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi.<br />

60

1. Sesavali<br />

adamiani, rogorc sasruli gonieri<br />

arseba, cxovrobs samyaroSi, romelic<br />

usasruloa yoveli mimarTebiT;<br />

am samyaros TiToeul nawilSi, ragind<br />

umniSvneloc unda gveCvenebodes igi,<br />

aisaxeba mTelis kanonzomiereba. amdenad,<br />

yvelaferi yvelaferSia. amis yvelaze<br />

TvalsaCino nimuSia Tavad adamiani.<br />

amitom Zvelma berZenma moazrovneebma<br />

mas mikrokosmosi uwodes. amgvari daSveba<br />

kacobriobis mecnieruli da ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi<br />

azrovnebis mravalsaukunovan<br />

gamocdilebas emyareba. TavisTavad<br />

aq araviTari siZnele ar unda<br />

iyos: adamiani Tavisi sasruli gonebiT<br />

ikvlevs usasrulo samyaros da misi<br />

nebismieri warmatebis SemTxvevaSic, es<br />

kvleva usasrulod grZeldeba, radgan<br />

nebismieri konkretuli problemis<br />

warmatebiT axsna axal problemaTa<br />

rigs warmoSobs, rogorc aucilebels<br />

ukve axsnilis ukeT gasagebad. es problemebi<br />

aqamde ar Candnen kvlevis horizontze.<br />

amitom sokrates Semdeg imeoreben<br />

mis sityvebs, rom codnis zrda<br />

arcodnis zrdacaa,e.i. imis gagebaa,rom<br />

imaze gacilebiT meti ram ar gvcodnia,<br />

vidre aqamde gvegona. siZnelis sruli<br />

gacnobiereba gviCvenebs, rom adamians,<br />

cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT, SeuZlia<br />

Seimecnos da imoqmedos mxolod rogorc<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobis mqonem. mas<br />

raRac unda swamdes anda ar swamdes,<br />

61<br />

guram TevzaZe<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi azrovneba saqarTveloSi da<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

misi uwmidesoba da unetaresoba ilia II<br />

anda skeptikosi iyos da fiqrobdes,<br />

rom adamiani ueWvelobiT verafers<br />

ver daadgens. TiToeul amgvar pozicias<br />

aqvs arsebobis ufleba da amave<br />

dros _ Tavisi gadaulaxavi siZneleebi,<br />

romlebic sapirispiro poziciis aseTsave<br />

uflebaze miuTiTebs. es ki imas<br />

niSnavs, rom usasrulo samyaroSi, usasrulo<br />

siZneleTa winaSe mdgomma adamianma<br />

sakuTari pozicia unda airCios<br />

ise, rom mas sruli mecnieruli anda<br />

praqtikuli garantia Tavisi amorCeulis<br />

sisworisa arasdros eqneba. igi<br />

irCevs sakuTari riskiT da pasuxismgebelic<br />

Tavad aris am arCevanze.<br />

ase irCevda da irCevs adamiani ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobas,rogorc<br />

Tavis ZiriTad<br />

orientirs sazogadoebasa da samyaroSi.<br />

am procesSi codnisa da gamocdilebis<br />

gverdiT udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Tavad<br />

pirovnebas, mis interesebs. amitom<br />

ambobda didi germaneli filos<strong>of</strong>osi<br />

i.g. fixte (1762_1814): `ra filos<strong>of</strong>ias<br />

airCevs adamiani damokidebulia imaze,<br />

Tu ra adamiania igi~.<br />

ramdenadac TiToeuli adamiani Tavad<br />

irCevs ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobas, es ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobani<br />

iseve gansxvavdebian<br />

erTmaneTisagan, rogorc maTi amomrCeveli<br />

adamianebi. magram es araa TviTneburi<br />

arCevani, radgan yvela irCevs<br />

mas, rogorc sayovelTao sazoms, rogorc<br />

TavisTvis, ise sxvebisaTvis.<br />

ragind gaunaTlebeli anda egoisti

iyos adamiani, Tavis arCevans igi imaze<br />

miTiTebiT amarTlebs, rom qveyana asea<br />

mowyobili, anda, rom adamianis buneba<br />

aseTia da sxvebi Tu amas ar aRiareben,<br />

ubralod gulwrfelni ar arian.<br />

am daSvebiT TiToeuli adamiani Tavs<br />

saerTod kacobriobis warmomadgenlad<br />

cnobs [2, 10].<br />

imis mixedviT, Tu adamianis romeli<br />

interesia misi arCevanis ganmsazRvreli,<br />

(warmosaxviTi, dasabuTebiTi Tu rwmeniTi)<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobani SeiZleba sam<br />

tipad daiyos: miTologiuri, filos<strong>of</strong>iuri<br />

da religiuri. nebismieri tipi<br />

Seicavs sxvebs, rogorc daqvemdebarebul<br />

elementebs [3, 397_402].<br />

Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi<br />

azrovneba mimdinareobs<br />

yovlismomcveli sekularizaciisa<br />

da globalizaciis pirobebSi. es<br />

axal damatebiT, specifikur siZneleebs<br />

qmnis Cveni qveynisaTvis, romelsac<br />

faqtobrivad ukiduresad aTeisturi<br />

sabWoTa reJimis xangrZlivi batonobis<br />

tvirTi awevs.<br />

qarTulma orTodoqsulma eklesiam<br />

qveynis Tavisuflebis miRebis Semdeg<br />

daiwyo sakuTari konstituciuri da<br />

istoriuli uflebebis aRdgena. amas,<br />

bunebrivad, daemata sxva konfesiebis<br />

aqtivoba. globalizaciis politikis<br />

garduvalobis gacnobiereba qveyanaSi<br />

im siRrmisa ar aRmoCnda, rom sxvadasxva<br />

religiis da nacionalobis saerTosamomavlo<br />

interesebi gamoevlinebina<br />

da ama Tu im eris interesebi qveynis<br />

interesebisaTvis daeqvemdebarebina.<br />

samwuxarod, maT, vinc racionalur da<br />

realur safuZvlebs eZebdnen qveynis<br />

da erovnebaTa TviTmy<strong>of</strong>obis gadasar-<br />

Cenad, daupirispirdnen nacionalizmis<br />

apologetebi. meore mxriv, saerTa-<br />

Soriso valdebulebebi, romelTa Sesruleba<br />

uaRresad aucilebelia Cveni<br />

qveynisaTvis ase saWiro daxmarebis<br />

misaRebad dasavleTis saxelmwifoebidan,<br />

damatebiT siZneleebs uqmnis mTavrobas.<br />

dabolos, unda mieTiTos yvela<br />

62<br />

sxvis momcvel da yvelaze mniSvnelovan<br />

problemaze, romelic qveynisagan<br />

droebiT gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili teritoriebis _<br />

afxazeTis da cxinvalis regionis dabrunebas<br />

exeba.<br />

saqarTveloSi yvela aRniSnuli<br />

problemis gadasawyvetad, maTi mravalnairi<br />

gamovlinebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />

iqneba es moraluri Tu politikuri,<br />

materialuri, ekonomikuri Tu iuridiuli,<br />

saxelmwifos konstituciuri<br />

xelmZRvanelobis gverdiT, sxvadasxva<br />

gziTa da saSualebiT daxmarebisa da<br />

samarTlis misaRwevad mimarTaven erT<br />

adamians _ es aris sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, misi uwmidesoba<br />

da unetaresoba ilia meore.<br />

2007 weli uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II aRsaydrebis 30-e welia.<br />

gulwrfelad mjera: saqarTveloSi<br />

yvela gonieri da gulwrfeli adamiani<br />

Tvlis, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi,<br />

romelic gadatvirTuli iyo qveynisaTvis<br />

cnobili tragikuli movlenebiT,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />

naxulobda da naxulobs problemebis<br />

maqsimalurad SesaZlebel optimalur<br />

gadawyvetas. es exeba ara mxolod im<br />

sakiTxebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia<br />

qarTul orTodoqsul eklesiasTan, aramed<br />

saerTod saqarTveloSi religiuri<br />

da moraluri Rirebulebebis arsebobasTan<br />

da maTi Sinaarsis gaSinaganebasTan.<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiT winamdebare<br />

statiaSi or sakiTxs ganvixilav:<br />

1. kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II da<br />

codnisa da rwmenis mimarTebis is gza,<br />

romelic daviT aRmaSenebelma (1073_<br />

1125) daafuZna saqarTveloSi.<br />

2. Semwynareblobis, ara rogorc<br />

mowyalebis, saCuqris anda TanagrZnobis,<br />

aramed, rogorc yvela adamianis<br />

sulis Sinagani erTianobis da Tanasworobis<br />

gamomxatvelis gageba.<br />

misi uwmidesobis, ilia II mraval<br />

Tanamedroves hqonda da aqvs bedniereba<br />

masTan piradi mimarTebisa, rac mniS-

vnelovanwilad gansazRvravs am adamianTa<br />

saqmianobas da keTilismy<strong>of</strong>lad<br />

moqmedebs maTze. saWirod mimaCnia oriode<br />

viTareba gavixseno,romelTac Seu-<br />

ZliaT garkveuli aspeqtiT mianiSnon<br />

mis rolsa da mniSvnelobaze saqarTveloSi<br />

sulier RirebulebaTa Sesaxeb<br />

sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis<br />

procesSi.<br />

30 wlis win, roca saqarTvelos<br />

axali kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis<br />

sakiTxi idga, erTi SexedviT religiisadmi<br />

saerTod, da gansakuTrebiT<br />

qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiisadmi<br />

keTilganwyobili guSindeli<br />

`mebrZoli aTeistebi~ rogorc partiasa<br />

da mTavrobaSi, aseve sazogadoebis<br />

garkveul nawilSi mniSvnelovan<br />

winaaRmdegobas waawydnen. manamde es<br />

sakiTxi, SeiZleba iTqvas, problemas ar<br />

warmoadgenda. qveynis kaTolikos-patriarqs<br />

ubralod niSnavdnen partiis<br />

miTiTebiT. 1977 wlis arCevnebis dros<br />

ki sazogadoebis azris Cveuli ugulebely<strong>of</strong>a<br />

aRar SeiZleboda. upirveles<br />

kandidatad mitropoliti ilia moiazreboda.<br />

axalgazrda, ganaTlebuli,<br />

sanimuSo zneobis da biografiis mqone<br />

sulieri meufisagan didi umravlesoba<br />

mTavrobaSi da partiaSi religiasTan<br />

daaxloebis ara<strong>of</strong>icialurad mimdinare<br />

procesis <strong>of</strong>icialur dakanonebas<br />

xedavda. meufe ilia am dros ukve<br />

10 weli cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi<br />

iyo. misi da mis TanamoazreTa zneobrivi<br />

gavlenis wvlili didi iyo<br />

imaSi, rom dadga dro, roca mravali<br />

raikomis mdivani da partkomi gulis<br />

jibeSi partbileTs da gulze jvars<br />

atarebda. zogierTi `gabeduli~ maT<br />

Soris, mavanisadmi piradi ndobis niSnad,<br />

sakinZesac gaixsnida. arc imis gaxseneba<br />

aviwydeboda, rom misi mama, biZa<br />

Tu babua mRvdeli iyo da amas aqamde<br />

malavda. amasTanave, isini intensiurad<br />

avrcelebdnen im ambavs,rom II ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

omis Semdeg stalinsac neba miucia<br />

kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrate cincaZisaTvis<br />

(1866_1952), sikvdilis Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi misi sulisTvis paraklisi<br />

gadaexada. miuxedavad amisa, partiaSi<br />

da mTavrobaSi cota ar iyvnen iseTebi,<br />

romlebic miiCnevdnen, rom eklesiisaTvis<br />

amgvari daTmoba mxolod droebiTi<br />

taqtikuri svla iyo, risTvisac male<br />

moekiTxebodaT imaT, vinc saTanadod<br />

ver afasebda `mebrZoli materializmis~<br />

Sesaxeb leninis naTel pozicias.<br />

kandidatTa SerCeva umaRles doneze<br />

gasaidumloebuli iyo, magram mainc<br />

cnobili gaxda erT-erTi maRali partiuli<br />

muSakis pozicia: `rac uaresia<br />

– miT ukeTesia~, e.i. rac ufro uaresi<br />

iqneba(mecnierulad da zneobrivad)<br />

momavali patriarqi, miT ukeTesia partiisa<br />

da saxelmwifosaTvis. es xalxi<br />

xedavda, rom Sesaferisi kandidatis<br />

arCevis SemTxvevaSi Seiqmneboda didmniSvnelovani<br />

RirebulebiTi centri,<br />

romelic `RmerTisa da siyvarulis gareSe<br />

daRlili~ (misi uwmidesobis sityvebia)<br />

da dezorientirebuli adamianebis<br />

sayrdenad gadaiqceoda WeSmariti<br />

zneobrivi Rirebulebebis ZiebaSi. Sei-<br />

Zleba iTqvas, rom mitropolit ilias<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad<br />

arCeva saqarTveloSi sazogadoebrivi<br />

azris pirveli didi <strong>of</strong>icialuri<br />

gamarjveba iyo.<br />

am didmniSvnelovani faqtis sasikeTo<br />

Sedegebi male daetyo saqarTveloSi<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobiT azrovnebas<br />

saerTod da, kerZod, _ mecnierebis<br />

da religiis mimarTebas. gaadvilda<br />

Teologiur problemebze obieqturi<br />

sajaro msjelobebi, `saeWvo~ avtorTa<br />

qarTuli Targmanebis gamocema. 1988<br />

wels TbilisSi daarsda sasuliero<br />

akademia, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

am saqmis organizatori da akademiis<br />

mudmivi mzrunvelia. 1998 wels<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiasTan<br />

TanamSromlobis Sedegad uwmidesma<br />

da unetaresma ilia II daamtkica `debuleba<br />

saqarTveloSi saRvTismetyvelo<br />

mecnierebis dargSi umaRlesi kvalifi-<br />

63

64<br />

kaciis kadrebis momzadebis Sesaxeb~.<br />

misi locva-kurTxeviT da monawileobiT<br />

gamodis saRvTismetyvelo Jurnalebi,<br />

krebulebi, imarTeba saerTa-<br />

Soriso konferenciebi da a. S.<br />

es procesi sasikeTod Semexo mec,<br />

rac araerTxel aRminiSnavs rogorc<br />

Cvens, ise ucxoeTis presaSi. saqme exeboda<br />

didi germaneli filos<strong>of</strong>osis, m.<br />

haidegeris mTavari naSromis _ `y<strong>of</strong>iereba<br />

da dro~ _ qarTuli Targmanis<br />

gamocemas. am naSromis Cemi Targmani<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>. T. buaCiZis redaqciiT ramdenime<br />

weli ido sxvadasxva gamomcemlobaSi.<br />

yvela mpirdeboda gamocemas, magram<br />

dayovnebis namdvil mizezs aravin<br />

meubneboda, kerZod imas, rom am wignis<br />

Targmani jer rusulad gamoqveynebuli<br />

ar iyo. es wigni ilia II mxardaWeriT<br />

gamoica. amis Sesaxeb madlobiT<br />

aRvniSne kantis VII saerTaSoriso kongresisaTvis<br />

wardgenil moxsenebaSi<br />

_ `kanti aTeistis moralis SesaZleblobis<br />

Sesaxeb (namdvili Semwynareblobis<br />

dafuZnebisaTvis)~ [4, 712]. sanam<br />

Targmanis mxardaWeras gamoTqvamda,<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma gamonaxa<br />

dro CemTan sasaubrod. saqme is iyo,<br />

rom zogierTi, patriarqis garemocvidan,<br />

haidegeris mravalricxovan mowinaaRmdegeTa<br />

gavleniT,mis filos<strong>of</strong>ias<br />

aTeisturad Tvlida. es zerele Sexeduleba<br />

sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo rogorc<br />

socialisturi banakis qveynebSi,<br />

ise dasavleTSi: k. iaspersi (1883_1969)<br />

da g. marseli (1889_1973) religiuri<br />

egzistencializmis, xolo m. haidegeri<br />

(1889_1976) da J. p. sartri (1905_1980)<br />

aTeisturi egzistencializmis damcvelebad<br />

iTvlebodnen [5, 295]. patriarqs<br />

surda gaego, rogor vafasebdi me,<br />

rogorc mTargmneli da mkvlevari haidegeris<br />

pozicias. haidegeris, rogorc<br />

yoveli didi moazrovnis Sesaxeb mravali<br />

urTierTgamomricxveli Sexeduleba<br />

arsebobda da arsebobs. mraval<br />

maTgans udavod aqvs safuZveli Tavad<br />

haidegeris urTules naazrevSi. me Sevecade<br />

meCvenebina haidegerze gavrcelebuli<br />

zogi Sexedulebis usafuZvloba.<br />

Cans, es mTlad damajereblad<br />

ver movaxerxe, miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />

1972 wlis Tavis interviuSi haidegeri<br />

erTmniSvnelovnad acxadebda, rom misi<br />

filos<strong>of</strong>ia aris `RmerTis lodini~ [5,<br />

430]. misma uwmidesobam damisva kiTxva,<br />

romelSic naTlad Canda misi, rogorc<br />

didi erovnuli moRvawis, mTavari orientiri:<br />

sWirdeba Tu ara am wignis qar-<br />

Tuli Targmanis gamoqveyneba qarTul<br />

kulturas? dadebiTi pasuxi misTvis<br />

naTeli iyo da amisaTvis mimiwvia sasaubrod.<br />

wigni 1989 wels, haidegeris<br />

dabadebidan 100 wlisTavze gamoqveynda,<br />

sul 300 egzemplari, romelic ufasod<br />

daurigda dainteresebul pirebs da<br />

uwyebebs. erTi egzemplari meskirxSi,<br />

haidegeris muzeumSi devs. adgilobrivma<br />

gazeTma es aRniSna weriliT: `<br />

haidegeris muzeumis Zvirfasi SenaZeni~<br />

[9, 2].<br />

§1. codnisa da rwmenis mimarTebis<br />

sakiTxi.<br />

es problema yoveli ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi<br />

azrovnebisaTvis ZiriTadia.<br />

cnobilia, rom adamianis istoria mis<br />

mier Tavisufali arCevanis faqtiT<br />

daiwyo, rac Sinaarsobrivad rwmenas-<br />

Tan codnis konfliqts warmoadgenda.<br />

amiT bibliaSi genialurad ganzogadda<br />

istoriis mizanic: codnisa da rwmenis<br />

erTianobis, rogorc maT Soris<br />

harmoniis, aRdgena. ramdenadac RmerTi<br />

Tavad gaiazreba rogorc absoluturi<br />

codnis mqone, misgan sasjeli codnisaken<br />

miswrafebis gamo ki ar iyo, aramed<br />

imitom, rom rogorc giorgi mer-<br />

Cule usvamda xazs, `adam Wama xili igi,<br />

romel arRa mwife iyo~ [6, 130].<br />

adamianisaTvis, rogorc sasrulo<br />

gonieri arsebisaTvis, romelsac Tavisi<br />

ganviTarebis nebismier doneze<br />

samyaroSi sakuTari arsebobis rac<br />

SeiZleba saimedo garantireba surs,

saboloo mizani mudam misi gonebis<br />

SesaZleblobis miRma dgas. masTan<br />

miaxloeba dausrulebeli procesia.<br />

meore mxriv, adamiani imiT gansxvavdeba<br />

cxovelisagan, rom man aucileblad<br />

unda gaakeTos daskvna sakuTari marad<br />

SezRuduli codnidan saboloo mizanze,<br />

e.i.saerTod samyaros raobaze da<br />

sakuTari cxovrebis sazrisze. cxadia,<br />

Tavad amgvari miznis arseboba da mas-<br />

Tan miaxloebis procesi gonebis gareSe<br />

SeuZlebelia.<br />

didma Teologebma da gansakuTrebiT<br />

basili kapadokielma naTlad<br />

uCvenes,rom adamianis Tavisufali<br />

gadawyvetilebis unaris uary<strong>of</strong>a codnisa<br />

da rwmenis mimarTebis problemis<br />

axsna ki ara, ubralod moxsna iqneboda<br />

[10, 148]. dionise areopagelis saxeliT<br />

cnobilma avtorma (V s.) zRvruli sicxadiT<br />

miuCina sakuTari sfero rogorc<br />

codnas, ise rwmenas. isini erTmaneTs ki<br />

ar zRudaven, aramed avseben rogorc<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobisaTvis aucilebeli<br />

unarebi da maTi dapirispireba Tavisebur<br />

antinomias qmnis, sadac mowinaaRmdegis<br />

uarmy<strong>of</strong>eli mxare Zalauneburad<br />

uCvenebs misi arsebobis uflebas<br />

da Rirebulebas [8, 7]. amis safuZveli<br />

naTeli gaxdeba imaze miTiTebiT, rom<br />

nebismieri rwmena SeuZlebelia Cemi<br />

rwmena iyos, Tu me gacnobierebuli ara<br />

maqvs da raRac doneze ar vici, Tu ratom<br />

mwams igi, ratom vayeneb mas sxva<br />

rwmenebze maRla da ratom ar vTvli<br />

saWirod argumentebs mis dasasabuTeblad.<br />

meore mxriv, nebismieri codna,<br />

empiriuli iqneba igi, aprioruli Tu<br />

intuitiuri, Tavisi ueWvelobis pirobad<br />

miuTiTebs imaze, rac codnis gareTaa<br />

da, saboloo angariSiT, emyareba<br />

dausabuTebad daSvebas, romelic raime<br />

saxis rwmenis arCevis saxes iRebs.<br />

rwmena, rogorc grZnobebze dafuZnebuli,<br />

dausabuTebeli da xSirad<br />

dausabuTebadi mindoba raimesadmi,<br />

adamianis bunebrivi mdgomareobaa. adamiani<br />

xom bavSvobidanve miiswrafis<br />

65<br />

mfarvelisa da damcvelisaken? rac Seexeba<br />

aTeizms, igi mxolod zrdasruli<br />

da moazrovne adamianis mdgomareoba<br />

SeiZleba iyos. es maSin xdeba, roca<br />

adamiani bunebisa da sakuTari Tavis<br />

kanonebis garkveul codnas flobs<br />

da naCqarev daskvnas akeTebs, rom mas,<br />

diaxac, SeuZlia arseboba Seucnobadi<br />

mSvelelis da mfarvelis gareSe [4,<br />

712]. axali filos<strong>of</strong>iis ganviTarebis<br />

pirvel etapze am poziciis Sedegi iyo<br />

ganmanaTleblobis epoqa, romelsac<br />

kantma `sakuTari arasrulwlovanebidan<br />

gamosvla~ uwoda. igi mecnierebis<br />

warmatebebiT imedmocemuli ver xedavda<br />

sakuTari gonebis SesaZleblobis<br />

sazRvrebs, ramac krizisSi Seiyvana<br />

dasavleTis filos<strong>of</strong>ia da saWiro<br />

gaxda rwmenisa da codnis sazRvrebis<br />

kidev erTxel (sokratesa da areopagelis<br />

Semdeg) naTeli gamijvna.<br />

dRes yvela aRiarebs, rom aTeisturi<br />

sazogadoebis agebis uzarmazarma<br />

eqsperimentma(sabWoTa kavSirsa da socialisturi<br />

banakis qveynebSi) sruli<br />

kraxi ganicada. misi gameorebis Tavidan<br />

acilebis erTaderTi qmediTi saSualebaa<br />

WeSmariti Semwynarebloba, romelic<br />

Tanamedrove mowinave ms<strong>of</strong>lios<br />

azrovnebis da politikis erT-erTi<br />

qvakuTxedia.<br />

XX s-is erT-erTma udidesma filos<strong>of</strong>osma<br />

da cnobilma fizikosma a.n.<br />

uaithedma (1861_1947) Tavis wignSi _<br />

`ideaTa Tavgadasavali~ specialurad<br />

gamoikvlia rwmenisa da codnis,rogorc<br />

mecnierebis da religiis, konfliqtebi<br />

da uCvena, rom TiToeul SemTxvevaSi<br />

konfliqtis safuZveli iyo sakuTari<br />

kompetenciis sazRvrebis gadalaxva an<br />

sasuliero xelisuflebis, anda mecnierebis<br />

warmomadgenelTa mier. amis<br />

Teoriuli safuZveli iyo Zireulad<br />

mcdari debuleba,rom mecniereba gamoricxavs<br />

religias. es saukuneebis man-<br />

Zilze upirispirdeboda did moazrovneTa<br />

WeSmarit pozicias, romlis Tanaxmadac<br />

mcodne ufro morwmune xdeba

(moSe maimonide, pier abeliari, frensis<br />

bekoni da sxvani) [10, 261,278]. dRes<br />

sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom rwmena<br />

da codna, maTi gansxvavebis miuxedavad,<br />

aucilebelni arian erTmaneTisaTvis,<br />

radgan isini erTmaneTis funqcias ver<br />

Seasruleben. codnis funqciis mimTvisebeli<br />

morwmune, rogorc pier abeliari<br />

ambobda, `brmaa da brmaTa winamZRoli~.<br />

xolo rwmenis mniSvnelobis<br />

uarmy<strong>of</strong>eli codna, Tundac ukiduresi<br />

empiristuli iyos, ver xedavs, rom mis<br />

pozicias saboloo sayrdenad oden rwmeniTi<br />

daSveba aqvs imisa, rom empiria<br />

Cveni Semecnebis erTaderTi safuZveli<br />

da sayrdenia.<br />

am dapirispirebis dros gaugebrobani<br />

xSirad imazea damokidebuli, rom<br />

rwmenisa da codnis cnebebi erTmniSvnelovnad<br />

ar ixmareba. rwmena aris<br />

yoveldRiuri, say<strong>of</strong>acxovrebo, aseve<br />

mecnieruli da hipoTeturi. rwmenis<br />

umaRles formad unda CaiTvalos religiuri<br />

rwmena,romlis specifikis gamosaxatavad<br />

qristianobis apologet<br />

tertulianes (daaxl. 160_230) miaweren<br />

debulebas: `mwams, radgan absurdia~.<br />

absurds igi, maSindeli filos<strong>of</strong>iuri<br />

tradiciis Sesabamisad, uwodebda debulebas,<br />

romelic, formalur-logikuri<br />

TvalsazrisiT, sakuTar TavSi Seicavs<br />

winaaRmdegobas: arsi ararsidan Seiqmna,<br />

sameba erTarsebaa, RvTismSobeli<br />

qalwulia, konkretuli da e.i. sasruli<br />

adamiani – qriste aris RmerTi, e.i.<br />

66<br />

usasrulo da sxva. dasawyisSi mecnierul<br />

codnas, berZnuli filos<strong>of</strong>iis<br />

saxiT, radikalurad daupirispirda<br />

qristianuli religia, romelic logikurze<br />

maRla mdgomi RmerTis ueWvelobas<br />

amtkicebda. magram ara yvela didma<br />

Teologma male dainaxa damasabuTebeli<br />

codnis saWiroeba (mag., klement<br />

aleqsandrieli, 150_215) da Sua saukuneebs<br />

aucilebel amocanad gadasca am<br />

problemis saTanado gaazreba. am dros<br />

rogorc codnis, ise rwmenisaTvis sayuradRebo<br />

Teoriebi Seiqmna(dionise areopageli,<br />

ioane filoponosi, ioane damaskeli,<br />

anselm kenterberieli da sxv.).<br />

maT rigs miekuTvnebian ioane petriwi<br />

da daviT aRmaSenebeli. am ukanasknelTa<br />

poziciis SesaniSnav gamgrZelebels<br />

da ganmaviTarebels vxedavT uwmidesis<br />

qadagebebSi da mis praqtikul moRvaweobaSi.<br />

saqarTveloSi yvela didi saeklesio<br />

moRvawe codnisa da rwmenis<br />

mimarTebis am xazs agrZelebda. ilia<br />

II Tavisi Sinagani sikeTisa da sibrZnis<br />

safuZvelze didi sifrTxiliT<br />

da xelovnebiT anviTarebs pozicias,<br />

romlis ZiriTadi mizania, rom absoluturi<br />

WeSmaritebisaken mimaval or<br />

gzas _ codnasa da rwmenas erTmane-<br />

Tisgan damoukidebeli funqciebi ara<br />

marto ar daekargos, aramed arc Seez-<br />

Rudos. xalxTan (ara marto marTlmadidebel<br />

qristianebTan) gaucxoebis<br />

asacileblad, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II emyareba im cnobil princips,<br />

rom ar arsebobs codva, romlis gamosyidva<br />

ar SeiZlebodes gulwrfeli<br />

monaniebiT. garda amisa, rogorc<br />

`maRalTa Tavmdablobas~ (qalbatoni<br />

ana kalandaZis sityvebia) sCvevia, igi<br />

ucodveli maswavleblis rolSi ki ar<br />

gamodis, romelic sxvebs uCvenebs gzas,<br />

aramed xSirad usvams xazs, rom Tavad<br />

igi yvelaze codvilia, rom yvela adamianma,<br />

ragind amaRlebuli unda iyos<br />

igi,unda icodes,rom masSicaa sikeTisa<br />

da borotebis mudmivi brZola da yvelas<br />

cxovreba sikeTis gamarjvebis gza<br />

unda iyos, rogorc RmerTisaken mudmivi<br />

amaRleba, `mudam sakuTar Tavze maRla~<br />

dadgoma, rogorc grigol noseli<br />

(daaxl. 335_394) mouwodebda. swored am<br />

viTarebas akavSirebda kanti WeSmarit<br />

tolerantobasTan da swored amitom<br />

moiTxovda igi Semwynareblobis urwmunoebze<br />

gavrcelebas. es Tavisufali<br />

da gulwrfeli partnioroba kacobriobis<br />

sakeTildReod Tanamedrove<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi azrovnebis<br />

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebe-

lia. evropuli azrovnebis saukeTeso<br />

tradiciebic amaze miuTiTebs. es mizani<br />

amoZravebda ganaTlebul da znekeTil<br />

romis paps _ benediqte XIV (1675_1758),<br />

roca mimoweras awarmoebda Tavis did<br />

TanamedrovesTan m. fr. volterTan<br />

(1694_1778), romelic mowinaaRmdegeebis<br />

mier udides aTeistad iyo CaTvlili,<br />

sinamdvileSi ki dasavleTis kaTolikuri<br />

eklesiis praqtikas akritikebda.<br />

mas papze aranakleb ainteresebda<br />

WeSmariti rwmenis bedi. igive iyo<br />

mizani benediqte XVI (maSin kardinali<br />

i. ratcingeri) dialogisa XX s-<br />

is udides filos<strong>of</strong>osTan, i. habermas-<br />

Tan, e.w. dasavluri marqsizmis cnobil<br />

warmomadgenelTan. habermasi aRiarebda,<br />

rom igi `religiurad aramusikaluria~.<br />

magram man, mravalTa gasaocrad,<br />

is debuleba daicva, rom religia sekularul<br />

saxelmwifoSi warsulis naS-<br />

Ti ki araa, aramed `filos<strong>of</strong>iisaTvis<br />

cnebiT doneze~ gamowvevas warmoadgens<br />

[10,10]. da amitom i. ratcingerTan<br />

Tavisi saubari 2004 w. mniSvnelovnad<br />

CaTvala. oriveni msgavs Sedegebamde<br />

mividnen: Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi<br />

adamianTa qcevaTa da motivTa gagebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT saWiroa filos<strong>of</strong>iisa<br />

da religiis dialogi.<br />

§ 2. Semwynarebloba rogorc adamianTa<br />

urTierTmimarTebis arsebiTi forma.<br />

am kardinaluri mniSvnelobis mqone<br />

sakiTxis analizisas yovelTvis unda<br />

gvaxsovdes is milionobiT gulwrfeli<br />

morwmune, romelmac SeiZleba werakiTxva<br />

ar icodes, magram rwmenis arss<br />

SesaniSnavad xedavdes da Tavis praqtikul<br />

saxelmZRvanelod miiCnevdes.<br />

kacobriobis istoriaSi yvelaze<br />

didi racionalisti, romelic cdilobda<br />

daesabuTebina, rom saerTod arsebuli<br />

an logikuria, an masze daiyvaneba,<br />

Tavisi Ziebebis dasawyisSi naTlad<br />

gamokveTda erTmaneTisagan rwmenisa<br />

da codnis bunebas. 24 wlis hegeli<br />

67<br />

(1770_1831) werda: `roca me vambob, rom<br />

esa Tu is adamiani religiuria, es ar<br />

niSnavs, rom mas religiis didi codna<br />

aqvs. es imas niSnavs, rom misi guli<br />

grZnobs RvTaebis siZlieres mis saqmeebSi,<br />

igi cnobs da xedavs RmerTs Tavis<br />

bunebaSi,adamianTa bedSi, igi eTayvaneba<br />

mas,madlobelia misi da adidebs<br />

mas Tavisi saqmeebiT. igi afasebs Tavis<br />

moqmedebas ara mxolod imis mixedviT,<br />

kargi da gonivrulia Tu ara igi, aramed<br />

xSirad ufro met mniSvnelobas<br />

imas aniWebs, aris Tu ara es RvTisTvis<br />

saTno da misi mamoZravebeli RmerTisgan<br />

momdinareobs Tu ara~ [2, 14]. `religia<br />

gulis saqmea~ [2, 17].<br />

aseTi adamianebi morwmuneTa birTvs<br />

Seadgenen da maTgan imis moTxovna,<br />

rom mecnieruli Semecnebis safexurebi<br />

gaiaron,sanam rwmenas miaRweven,araa<br />

gamarTlebuli arc zneobrivad da arc<br />

Teoriulad. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom mas-<br />

Tan, petriwisa da daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

msgavsad, acilebulia berZnuli neoplatonizmis<br />

inteleqtualizmi, sadac<br />

RmerTisaken mecnieruli, SemecnebiTi<br />

gza erTaderTad da Seucvlelad aris<br />

miCneuli. misTvis es gza mxolod erTerTia,romelic<br />

Tavisi SedegebiT ki ar<br />

ewinaaRmdegeba,aramed aZlierebs RvTis<br />

uSualo wyalobis gagebas. `uTqoi sityuais~<br />

(petriwi) winaSe krZalviT Se-<br />

Cerebuli mecnieruli xedvis gareSe<br />

nebismieri religia, SesaZlebelia, magiad<br />

da wyalobis gamoZalvis mcdelobad<br />

gadaiqces, rac zneobasa da religiasTan<br />

kavSirs gamoricxavs.<br />

es problema uSualod ukavSirdeba<br />

adamianTa RvTis winaSe Tanasworobis<br />

princips. igia kantis kategoriuli<br />

imperativis WeSmariti Sinaarsi. namdvili<br />

Semwynareblobac am principis<br />

specifikuri gamoxatulebaa. maTi saboloo<br />

safuZveli is rwmenaa, rom yvela<br />

adamiani, raRacnairad aucilebel<br />

da specifikur Rirebulebas flobs<br />

RmerTisaTvis. amis gacnobierebis gamo

iyo, rom didi germaneli mistikosi,<br />

maister ekharti (1260_1327) arwmunebda<br />

msmenelebs, rom marto adamiani ki ar<br />

eZebs RmerTs, aramed RmerTic eZebs<br />

adamians. es pozicia arsebiTia yvela<br />

namdvili morwmunisaTvis, romelsac<br />

adamianTa Tanasworoba esmis rogorc<br />

rasaze,erovnebaze,religiur gansxvavebaze<br />

maRla mdgomi principi, romlis<br />

Sinaarsi sxva adamianis iuridiulad<br />

Tanasworad cnobaSi, mis SewyalebaSi<br />

an sibralulSi ki ar gamoixateba, aramed<br />

Seni gulisa da gonebisaTvis misi<br />

Seucvlelobis danaxvaSi.<br />

rogorc aRiniSna,ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedveloba<br />

aucileblad gulisxmobs, rogorc<br />

sayrdens da amosavals,raRac princips,<br />

romelic raRacnairad, magram, udavod,<br />

pirovnebis arCevans emyareba. arCevanis<br />

am sayovelTaobidan gamomdinare,<br />

bunebrivia maTi Tanasworuflebianobis<br />

daSveba da am safuZvelze, sazogadoebis<br />

saWiroebis Tanaxmad, maTi urTierTobis<br />

samarTlebrivi mowesrigeba<br />

da zneobrivi Sefaseba. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

Tanamedrove mowinave qveynebSi<br />

bunebrivad wamoiwevs Semwynareblobis<br />

(tolerantobis) principis mniSvneloba.<br />

igi Seucvlelia Tanamedrove samyaroSi,<br />

romelSic pirovnebaTa, erTa,<br />

saxelmwifoTa, rasaTa dapirispireba<br />

_ faqtia. amgvari samyaro sul ufro<br />

grZnobs globalizaciis garduvali<br />

procesis safrTxes da Zalauneburad<br />

imis gamoTvlas iwyebs, Tu romeli<br />

eri, saxelmwifo Tu kultura gadar-<br />

Ceba. yovlismomcveli Semwynareblobis<br />

principi ki im saSualebebze fiqris<br />

aucileblobaze miuTiTebs, romlebic<br />

SesaZleblobas iZlevian dedamiwis<br />

ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT globalizacia,<br />

rogorc faqti, gansxvavebuli<br />

iqnes erTiani da erTaderTi politikuri<br />

saxelmwifos Seqmnis aucileblobisagan,<br />

da momavali ms<strong>of</strong>lio wesrigi<br />

gansxvavebulTa harmoniul mTelad<br />

iqnes warmodgenili [11,12]. amgvari<br />

principi rom, Uupirveles yovlisa, er-<br />

68<br />

Teuli pirovnebis dacvasa da garantias<br />

unda gulisxmobdes, es qristianobam<br />

amcno samyaros. rac Seexeba mis<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobriv gaazrebas, es kantis<br />

damsaxurebaa,romelmac pirovnebis<br />

samoqmedo maqsima cnobili kategoriuli<br />

imperativis saxiT ase Camoayaliba:<br />

moiqeci ise, rom Sens moqmedebaSi<br />

yoveli adamiani yovelTvis iyos<br />

agreTve mizani da arasdros mxolod<br />

saSualeba.<br />

siamayis grZnobiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos,<br />

rom uwmidesis mTeli moRvaweoba<br />

am mizans emsaxureba, rasac Seucvleli<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs saerTod da gansakuTrebiT<br />

Cvens qveyanaSi, sadac mravalerovneba<br />

da mravalgvari aRmsarebloba<br />

saukuneebs iTvlis. igi damajereblad<br />

qadagebs marTlmadideblur<br />

qristianobas, rogorc zogadsakacobrio<br />

moralis matarebel moZRvrebas,<br />

romelic Semwynareblobas da moyvasis<br />

siyvaruls mTels kacobriobaze, yvela<br />

adamianze avrcelebs.<br />

1989 wels, saqarTveloSi qveynis istoriaSi<br />

erT-erT yvelaze daZabul periodSi,<br />

roca garkveuli dajgufebebi<br />

nacionaluri SuRlis gaRvivebasac ar<br />

eridebodnen sakuTari miznebis misaRwevad,<br />

ilia II Tavis saaxalwlo epistoleSi<br />

miuTiTa saxarebidan yvelasTvis<br />

cnobil keTil samaritelze,`romelmac<br />

yovelgvari religiuri valdebulebis<br />

gareSe, daxmareba gauwia avazakis mier<br />

gaZarcul da nagvem adamians~. `es aris<br />

saqcieli,_ gvaswavlis uwmidesi da unetaresi,_<br />

romelic bunebrivi unda iyos<br />

yvelasTvis da miT umetes qristianisaTvis.<br />

Tu Cven ver vamCnevT calkeul<br />

pirovnebas, ver vamCnevT mis tkivilsa<br />

da wuxils, ra fasi aqvs Cvens, Tundac,<br />

sakacobrio humanur ideebs, ubralo<br />

frazebs?~ (12.VI).<br />

dRes, rodesac iuridiulad yvela<br />

religia Tanasworia, maT Soris<br />

mimarTeba SeiZleba mxolod Semwynareblobis,<br />

rogorc moraluri kanonis,<br />

mixedviT wesrigdebodes. uwmidesisa

da unetaresis ilia II qadagebebSi<br />

qristianoba gamodis rogorc zogadsakacobrio<br />

idealis, WeSmariti Semwynareblobis<br />

matarebeli, romelic<br />

erovnebaTa, religiaTa, aRmsareblobaTa<br />

gansxvavebaze maRla dgas im azriT,<br />

rom yvela maTTvis uSinaganes da<br />

umniSvnelovanes aspeqtze miuTiTebs:<br />

`Zvel dros ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi moqmedebda<br />

e.w. oqros kanoni, romlis mixedviTac<br />

sikeTis sanacvlod sikeTe unda migego,<br />

xolo usamarTloba, samarTliani<br />

SurisZiebiT gamoesworebiaT. qristem<br />

es Secvala. marTlmorwmunes ara Tu<br />

mtrisTvis codvis Sendoba, aramed misi<br />

siyvaruli mosTxova~ (12, VII).<br />

literatura<br />

1. narkvevebi filos<strong>of</strong>iis istoriaSi, Tbilisi, 1993.<br />

2. Hegel C. W., Werke in 20 Bänden, Bd. I, Suhrkamp, 1971, S. 14.<br />

3. Politik-Religion- Menschenwürde. Hrsg. B. Jendorf, G. Schmalenberg, Giessen,<br />

1993.<br />

4. Tewzadze Guram, Über die Möglichkeit der Atheistischen Moral. Zur Begründung<br />

der echten Toleranz. _ In: Akten des Siebenten Internationalen Kant-Kongresses,<br />

Mainz,1990; Bonn, 1991.<br />

5. Noack H., Die Philosophie Westeuropas, Darmstadt,1967.<br />

6. Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, s. yubaneiSvilis<br />

red., Tbilisi, 1946.<br />

7. basili kesarielis swavlanis efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani,<br />

Tbilisi, 1983.<br />

8. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli), Sromebi, Tbilisi,<br />

1960.<br />

9. ...”Bibliophile Kostbarkeit für Heidegger Archiv (Eine Georgische Übersetzung<br />

von “Sein und Zeit”... Mit Hilfe des Katholikos <strong>Patriarch</strong>en aller<br />

Georgier Ilia II ist ihm die Übersetzung und Herausgeben von “Sein und<br />

Zeit” gelungen.<br />

Von den 300 Exemplaren limitierten Ausgabe ist nun ein Exemplar in<br />

die Heimat des großen Fragers und Suchers gekommen; darüber herrscht<br />

bei den Freunden von Heideggers Philosophie in Meßkirch große Freude”<br />

(«Schwäbische Zeitung», Sonntag, April 1991, S.2).<br />

10. Jürgen Habermas, Joseph Ratzinger. Dialektik der Säkularisierung. Über Vernunft<br />

und Religion, Freiburg im Breisgau, 2005.<br />

11. lumani n., sazogadoebrivi komunikaciis cvlilebani da<br />

masobrivi media, gamomcemloba `arxe~, Tbilisi, 2008.<br />

12 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1989, Tbilisi.<br />

69

zaza aleqsiZe<br />

rogor iwyeboda sinuri aRmoCenebi<br />

`gevedrebi ufalo, ganunaTle<br />

goneba mecnierTa, mweralTa da xelovanTa<br />

CvenTa. daloce saqme maTi, raTa<br />

iqmnas naRvawi maTi sakeTilod qveynisa,<br />

raTa SromiTa TavisiTa gemsaxuron<br />

Sen, emsaxuron ersa Sensa iveriisasa~<br />

(ilia II, locva sinis mTaze. _ Jurn.<br />

`jvari vazisa~, 1984, # 1, gv. 6).<br />

70<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqma,<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

ilia meorem gansakuTrebuli roli<br />

Seasrula saqarTvelos bolo ormoci<br />

wlis istoriaSi. vgulisxmob<br />

ara mxolod sasuliero cxovrebas,<br />

eklesia-monastrebis, saepiskoposo eparqiebis<br />

ganaxleba-aRdgenas, aramed<br />

mis keTilismy<strong>of</strong>el gavlenas saero<br />

cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoze, pirvel<br />

rigSi humanitarul da, gansakuTrebiT,<br />

qarTvelologiur mecnierebebze. rom<br />

ara misi uwmidesoba, vin icis, ramdeni<br />

wliT gadaiwevda sinis mTaze, wm. ekaterines<br />

monasterSi axlad aRmoCenili<br />

141 qarTuli xelnaweris jer arsebobis<br />

dafiqsireba, xolo Semdeg maTi<br />

Seswavla da samenovani (qarTul-ber-<br />

Znul-inglisuri) katalogisa da mravali<br />

gamokvlevis gamocema. Cemi azriT,<br />

qarTulma mecnierebam da kulturam<br />

ar icis amaze ufro didi aRmoCena da<br />

saqarTvelos patriarqis roli masSi<br />

udidesia.<br />

1734 wels wmida ekaterines monasterSi<br />

sina-raiTis arqiepiskoposma nikifore<br />

marTalisma biblioTekisaTvis<br />

specialuri Senoba aago, xelnawerebi<br />

iq gadaitana da wesrigSi moiyvana. is,<br />

rac maSin praqtikuli gamoyenebisaTvis<br />

zedmetad iqna miCneuli, rogorc Cans,<br />

datoves aRniSnul saTavsSi. 1761 wels<br />

piligrimi donati aRniSnavda, rom man<br />

nikifore marTalisis biblioTekaSi,<br />

kargad movlili xelnawerebis garda,<br />

naxa uyuradRebod mitovebulebic. am<br />

xelnawerTa arseboba etyoba TandaTan<br />

daviwyebas mieca.<br />

amJamad sinuri xelnawerebi inaxeba<br />

1990 wels wm. ekaterines monastris<br />

biblioTekisaTvis specialurad agebul<br />

SenobaSi. es biblioTeka erTerTi<br />

umdidresia mTels ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />

Tavisi mraval enaze arsebuli xelnawerebiT.<br />

sinis mTis saganZurs (xelnawerebs,<br />

xatebs da sxv.) miniWebuli<br />

aqvs ms<strong>of</strong>lio saganZuris statusi.<br />

1975 wlis 26 maiss sinis mTaze,<br />

wmida ekaterines monasterSi iustiniane<br />

keisris (527_565) kedlis CrdiloeT<br />

nawilSi moTavsebul wmida giorgis<br />

saxelobis samlocvelos xanZari<br />

gauCnda. sxvaTa Soris, es samlocvelo<br />

sinis mTaze unaxavs XVI saukunis moRvawes,<br />

rodosel mitropolits paisis,<br />

romelic aRniSnavs, rom igi aRdgenili<br />

y<strong>of</strong>ila `iberTa mefis~ saxsrebiT.<br />

rodesac berebma xanZari Caaqres da<br />

dazianebuli farTobi gawmindes, samlocvelos<br />

iatakis qveS, miwiT savse

71<br />

saTavsSi didi raodenobiT uZvelesi<br />

xelnawerebi aRmoaCines.<br />

sinis mTaze xelnawerTa aRmoCenas<br />

ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi ar axmaurebdnen.<br />

marTalia, presaSi ukve gaCnda<br />

cnobebi amis Sesaxeb, magram jerjerobiT<br />

isini mxolod paparaci Jurnalistebis<br />

mopovebuli iyo da Tavisi<br />

TvaliT arc erT mecniers ar enaxa.<br />

pirveli <strong>of</strong>icialuri cnoba axali<br />

xelnawerebis Sesaxeb daibeWda 1980<br />

wlis seqtemberSi maSindeli dasavleT<br />

germaniis q. goslarSi Catarebuli<br />

siriis problemebisadmi miZRvnili<br />

simpoziumis mimoxilvis saxiT. am<br />

simpoziumze axlad aRmoCenili siriuli<br />

xelnawerebis Sesaxeb moxseneba<br />

waikiTxa am dargis specialistma deda<br />

filoTeam. man Tavisi moxsenebis SesavalSi<br />

aRniSna, rom wm. ekaterines<br />

monasterSi axal xelnawerTa Soris<br />

56 somxuri xelnaweri aRmoCnda da,<br />

SesaZloa, maT Soris oTxi mrgvlovani<br />

asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli qarTuli<br />

xelnaweric iyoso.<br />

rodesac deda filoTeas mier gakeTebuli<br />

gancxadeba waikiTxa cnobilma<br />

germanelma qarTvelologma, pr<strong>of</strong>esorma<br />

iulius asfalgma, eWvi gamoTqva,<br />

somxurad miCneul xelnawerTa nawili<br />

mainc SesaZloa nusxurad dawerili qarTuli<br />

xelnawerebi iyoso. aseTi eWvi<br />

bunebrivi iyo, radgan wm. ekaterines<br />

monasteri dasabamidan marTlmadidebluri<br />

monasteria da iq didi raodenobiT<br />

somxuri xelnawerebis aRmoCena<br />

mosalodneli ar aris. i. asfalgma sinis<br />

mTaze somxuri xelnawerebis aRmoCenisa<br />

da Tavisi eWvebis Sesaxeb maSinve<br />

a. SaniZes Seatyobina. ra Tqma unda,<br />

a. SaniZem da maleve m. SaniZemac (1981)<br />

daadastures qarTuli xelnawerebis<br />

somxurSi aRrevis SesaZlebloba.<br />

eWvebi isev eWvebad darCeboda, rom<br />

ara 1984 wlis 24_28 maiss sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II <strong>of</strong>icialuri<br />

viziti egvipteSi. 26 maiss sinis<br />

mTaze wm. ekaterines monastris biblioTekis<br />

daTvalierebisas, mas mieca<br />

saSualeba enaxa e. w. `somxuri~ xelnawerebi,<br />

romlebic sinamdvileSi qar-<br />

Tuli aRmoCnda. movusminoT sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs:<br />

`is, rom aq raRac xelnawerebi<br />

aRmoCnda, Cven adrec vicodiT,<br />

magram ar vicodiT, iyo Tu ara<br />

maTSi qarTuli. gviCvenes ber-<br />

Znuli xelnawerebi, Cven vkiTxeT,<br />

qarTuli Tu aris-Tqo. biblioTekis<br />

ufrosma moZRvarma<br />

gviTxra: qarTuli samwuxarod<br />

ar aris, magram aris somxurio.<br />

Zalian guli damwyda, kidev ra<br />

aris-meTqi. kidev ariso kopturi,<br />

eTiopuri da sxva. maCveneT, somxuri<br />

mainc vnaxoT-meTqi. rva yuTi<br />

iyo es `somxuri~ xelnawerebi.<br />

gadmoiRes, vnaxeT da, Turme, qar-<br />

Tulia. SecdomiT miukuTvnebiaT<br />

somxurisaTvis. tyavze Sesrulebuli<br />

asomTavruli,nusxa-xucuri<br />

xelnawerebi...<br />

vkiTxe: vin muSaobda aq da vin<br />

miakuTvna es xelnawerebi somxurs,<br />

vin giTxraT, rom es xelnawerebi<br />

somxuria. aq mecnierebi<br />

iyvnen, magram Cven imaT gvarebs<br />

ar vambobTo. Semdeg velaparake<br />

sinis mTis mTavarepiskoposs, ganvucxade,<br />

rom ar SeiZleba ase<br />

mopyroba xelnawerebisadmi, rom<br />

amas aucileblad sWirdeba specialisti,<br />

mecnieri, romelic<br />

waikiTxavs maT da Seadgens katalogs.<br />

isic dameTanxma. Tu mecniers<br />

gamogzavniT, Sevecdebi<br />

dagexmaroTo.~ (uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II qadageba sionis<br />

sapatriarqo taZarSi. _ `jvari<br />

vazisa~, 1984, # 1, gv. 21_22).<br />

saintereso damTxvevaa qarTveli<br />

mkiTxvelisaTvis: 1975 wlis 26 maiss<br />

aRmoCnda xelnawerTa axali koleqcia,<br />

xolo 1984 wlis aseve 26 maiss saqarTvelos<br />

patriarqma daadastura amave<br />

koleqciaSi didi raodenobiT qarTuli<br />

xelnawerebis arseboba. magram ilia II

ar dakmay<strong>of</strong>ilda mxolod kerZo saubarSi<br />

gakeTebuli SeniSvniT. meore<br />

dRes, erToblivi wirvis damTavrebis<br />

Semdeg patriarqsa da arqiepiskoposs<br />

Soris <strong>of</strong>icialuri sityvebis gacvlisas<br />

man xazi gausva:<br />

`Cven Camosvlas vaniWebT did<br />

mniSvnelobas, radganac misi sa-<br />

SualebiT unda ganaxldes is kavSiri,<br />

romelic Cven Soris saukuneebis<br />

manZilze arsebobda.<br />

gamovTqvamT imeds, rom es kav-<br />

Siri iqneba Rrma da ormxrivi~<br />

(kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II<br />

sityva, warmoTqmuli sinis mTis<br />

wmida ekaterines monasterSi. _<br />

`jvari vazisa~, 1984, # 1, gv. 14).<br />

dabrunda Tu ara TbilisSi, kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

Segvkriba yvela is<br />

mecnieri, romelTaTvisac axlos iyo<br />

sinis monastris qarTul siZveleTa<br />

problemebi, dawvrilebiT gviambo imis<br />

Sesaxeb, rac naxa wm. ekaterines monasterSi,<br />

sina-raiTis arqiepiskoposTan<br />

molaparakebis Sesaxeb da SemogvTavaza<br />

am sakiTxze aqtiuri muSaobis dawyeba.<br />

…magram Tavdapirvelad aqtiuri muSaoba<br />

TviTon saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqma<br />

gaagrZela.<br />

1987 wlis 3_6 ivniss saqarTvelos<br />

sapasuxo vizitiT ewvia misi maRalyovladusamRvdeloesoeba,<br />

soeba, sina-raiTisa da<br />

faranis mTavarepiskoposi damiane. patriarqma<br />

savizito programaSi CarTo<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa<br />

instituti. am vizitis amsaxveli sainformacio<br />

cnoba iuwyeboda:<br />

`stumrebs saSualeba miecaT<br />

gascnobodnen saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis k. kekeliZis<br />

saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis<br />

xelnawerTa fonds da am<br />

institutis muSaobis struqturas.<br />

gaaocaT institutis TanamSromlebis<br />

damokidebulebam<br />

xelnawerebisadmi, maTma maRalma<br />

kvalifikaciam da saqmisadmi<br />

72<br />

erTgulebam. institutis direqtorma,<br />

akademikosma elene metrevelma<br />

dro ar dazoga da maT<br />

zedmiwevniT zustad uambo yoveli<br />

xelnaweris Tavgadasavali.<br />

gansakuTrebulad gaamaxvila<br />

yuradReba sinuri warmomavlobis<br />

xelnawerebze, rac, marTlac,<br />

stumarTa did interess iwvevda.<br />

isini gulwrfelad madlobelni<br />

darCnen q-n elene metrevelisa.<br />

es informacia metad mniSvnelovani<br />

iyo maTTvis, radgan,<br />

rogorc aRniSnes, ukve Seudgnen<br />

wm. sinis mTisa da monastrebis<br />

dawvrilebiTi istoriis weras~.<br />

axlad aRmoCenil sinur xelnawerebze<br />

iyo saubari Sexvedrebzec Tbilisis<br />

saxelmwifo universitetSi. rodesac<br />

TanamSromlobisaTvis niadagi<br />

srulad momzadda, rodesac stumrebma<br />

dainaxes, rom xelnawerTa institutTan<br />

TanamSromloba TviTon sinis mTisa-<br />

Tvisac uaRresad sasargeblo iqneboda,<br />

daido TanamSromlobis xelSekruleba.<br />

`gadawyda,rom Seiqmnas sinuri<br />

problemebis sapatriarqosTan<br />

arsebuli samecniero kvlevis<br />

centri. gamoiyos axlad aRmo-<br />

Cenili qarTuli xelnawerebis<br />

Semswavleli jgufi, romelSic<br />

specialistebTan erTad berZeni<br />

paleografebic _ wmida ekaterines<br />

monastris berebi _ iqnebian<br />

gaerTianebulni. gaigzavnos sinis<br />

mTaze mecnierTa da samRvdelo<br />

pirTa jgufi da adgilzeve Sesruldes<br />

pirveladi samuSaoebi,<br />

Sedges pirveli mokle aRweriloba<br />

da sxva.<br />

sinis mTavarepiskoposma ivaldebula,<br />

rom sinuri problemebis<br />

kvlevis centri aRWurvos sinis<br />

mTaze arsebuli yvela qarTuli<br />

xelnaweris mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmiT da im<br />

gamocemebiT, romlebic monastris<br />

biblioTekaSi arsebobs...<br />

sabolood, sinuri problemebis<br />

kvlevis centris mier momzadebuli<br />

axlad aRmoCenil

qarTul xelnawerTa katalogi<br />

gamoicema or enaze _ qarTulad<br />

da berZnulad, mokle inglisuri<br />

reziumeTi, uxvi fotomasaliT~<br />

(stumrebi sinis mTidan. _ `jvari<br />

vazisa~, Tb., 1987, gv. 18_19).<br />

dRes am xelSekrulebidan TiTqmis<br />

yvela muxli Sesrulebulia: moewyo<br />

Svidi samecniero eqspedicia sinis<br />

mTaze axlad aRmoCenili qarTuli<br />

xelnawerebis Sesaswavlad, Seiqmna<br />

sinis qarTul siZveleTa kvlevis centri,<br />

gamoica axlad aRmoCenili qarTuli<br />

xelnawerebis aRweriloba berZnulad,<br />

qarTulad da inglisurad. Sesasrulebeli<br />

darCa mTavari: sinis mTaze<br />

arsebuli yvela qarTuli xelnaweris<br />

mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmis gadmocema. jerjerobiT<br />

es muxli mxolod nawilobriv aris<br />

Sesrulebuli. xelnawerTa instituts<br />

(amJamad xelnawerTa erovnul centrs)<br />

gadmocemuli aqvs mxolod ramdenime<br />

mniSvnelovani xelnaweris mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmi.<br />

dRes ukve, ra Tqma unda, laparaki aRar<br />

aris mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmebze. monasteri aRWurvilia<br />

mZlavri distanciuri skanirebis<br />

aparaturiT da Cveni mizania, cxadia, kvlav<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

TanadgomiT,mivaRwioT kompaqt-diskebze<br />

Cawerili xelnawerebis miRebas.<br />

wm. ekaterines monastris axali<br />

koleqcia sul 1100 xelnawers iTvlis.<br />

xelnawerTa umravlesoba berZnulia,<br />

danarCeni _ arabuli,siriuli,eTiopuri,<br />

slavuri da qarTuli, erTi laTinuri<br />

da erTi ebrauli. amaT garda aqve aRmoCnda<br />

120 gragnili da mravali fragmenti.<br />

qronologiurad axali koleqcia<br />

Tavsdeba IV_XVIII saukuneebSi.<br />

xelnawerTa institutma sinis<br />

mTaze eqspediciis mosawyobad zrunva<br />

xelSekrulebis dadebisTanave daiwyo,<br />

magram maSin, CemTvis ucnobi mizezebis<br />

gamo, es ver ganxorcielda. 1988 wlis<br />

bolos, Cemi xelnawerTa institutis<br />

direqtoris Tanamdebobaze misvlis<br />

pirvelive dRidan saqarTvelos patriarqTan<br />

uSualo kontaqtSi daviwye aqtiuri<br />

muSaoba wm. ekaterines monasterSi<br />

eqspediciis mosawyobad. 1989_90 wlebi<br />

ar iyo advili wlebi saqarTvelosTvis<br />

saerTod, da miT ufro saerTaSoriso<br />

eqspediciis gansaxorcieleblad<br />

da, SesaZloa, araferi gamosuliyo, rom<br />

ara sami faqtori: sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis sruli<br />

Tanadgoma, egvipteSi sabWoTa kavSiris<br />

saelCos gasaocari aqtivoba da saqarTvelos<br />

mTavrobis mier eqspediciis<br />

dauyovnebeli dafinanseba.<br />

axal koleqciaSi 141 dasaxelebis<br />

qarTuli xelnaweri gamovlinda. aqedan<br />

umravlesoba xelnaweri wignia,<br />

xolo 10 gragnili. zogi maTgani srulia,<br />

zogi Zlier nakluli. furcel-<br />

Ta saerTo raodenoba 4000-ze metia.<br />

amaT garda, aqve inaxeba didi raodenobis<br />

fragmenti (1600) erTi furclis<br />

Tu furcelTa naxevebis saxiT. fragmentebis<br />

fotopirebi xelnawerTa institutSi<br />

inaxeba da maTi Seswavla<br />

xelnawerTa erovnuli centris morigi<br />

amocanaa.<br />

axali koleqciis xelnawerebidan<br />

ramdenime aRmoCnda Zveli koleqciis<br />

xelnawerTa nawili, umravlesoba ki<br />

sruliad axalia. Zvelis nawilTagan<br />

mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba<br />

dasaxeldes yvelaze adrindeli<br />

TariRiani qarTuli xelnaweri, cnobili<br />

864 wlis sinuri mravalTavi.<br />

axlad aRmoCenil xelnawerTa didi umravlesoba<br />

warmodgenilia pergamentze,<br />

SedarebiT naklebia qaRaldze Sesrulebuli.<br />

yvela teqsti dawerilia<br />

asomTavruliTa da nusxa-xucuriT. mxedruli<br />

dawerilobiT Sesrulebulia<br />

mxolod SedarebiT gviani xanis (XII_<br />

XV) zogierTi minaweri.<br />

sinur koleqciaSi dRes ukve xelTa<br />

gvaqvs saerTo jamSi 230-ze meti xelnaweri<br />

da mravali fragmenti, amitom<br />

gacilebiT meti viciT sinis qarTuli<br />

samonastro koloniisa da misi Semoqmedebis<br />

Sesaxeb, vidre aqamde vicodiT.<br />

sinis xelnawerTa (Zveli da axali)<br />

73

didi umravlesoba X saukunisaa. rodesac<br />

vadarebT aqve dacul da aq Seqmnil<br />

xelnawerebs (Zvelsa da axals)<br />

sxva enebze (berZnuli, arabuli, siriuli<br />

da sxv.), vxedavT, rom X saukunis<br />

meore naxevari sinis mTaze upiratesad<br />

qarTulia da mxolod XI saukunidan<br />

iwyeba berZenTa da arabTa didi aqtivoba.<br />

amasve mowmobs axali koleqciis<br />

xelnawerTa minawerebi, romlebic<br />

axal da saintereso cnobebs iZlevian<br />

qarTvelTa samSeneblo saqmianobis<br />

Sesaxeb sinis mTaze. es aris erTi<br />

umniSvnelovanesi daskvna, gakeTebuli<br />

axali aRmoCenebis safuZvelze.<br />

sinis qarTulma masalam, gansakuTrebiT<br />

axalma, Semoinaxa saeklesio<br />

RvTismsaxurebis is etapi, romelsac<br />

ierusalimurs uwodeben. es aris X<br />

saukunemde (CaTvliT) liturgikuli<br />

wignebi (iadgarebi, leqcionarebi,<br />

Jamiswirvebi,kalendrebi),romelTa ber-<br />

Znuli dednebic dakargulia imis gamo,<br />

rom meaTe saukunidan xmarebaSi Semovida<br />

liturgikis axali wesi, romelsac<br />

konstantinopolurs an bizantiurs<br />

uwodeben. sul ukanasknel xanebamde am<br />

safexuris aRdgenas cdilobdnen somxuri<br />

mwerlobis safuZvelze, romelic<br />

adre dascilda marTlmadideblurs<br />

da amitom mas marTlmadidebluri<br />

eklesiis reformebi aRar unda Sexeboda.<br />

sinurma xelnawerebma, jer kidev<br />

Zvelma,da mas emateba axalic,Secvales<br />

aqcentebi da saerTaSoriso yuradReba<br />

somxurTan erTad qarTulze gadmoitanes,<br />

rogorc uZvelesi safexuris<br />

maCvenebelze.<br />

axalma koleqciam aCvena sinis mTis<br />

qarTuli Zmobis mWidro kontaqti sxva<br />

qarTul kulturul kerebTan. gansakuTrebiT<br />

mniSvnelovania misi SesaZlo<br />

pirdapiri kavSiri aTonis mTasTan da<br />

aTonel moRvaweebTan, rac daadastura<br />

aTonze Seqmnili Zeglebis aRmoCenam<br />

maTi Seqmnidan mokle xnis manZlze.<br />

axal koleqciaSi liturgikuli<br />

krebulebis gverdiT gvxvdeba oTx-<br />

74<br />

Tavebi, fsalmunebi, mamaTa swavlani,<br />

hagiografiuli krebulebi, sakiTxavebi<br />

Zveli aRTqmis wignebidan. amaTgan<br />

calke SeiZleba gamoiyos X saukunis<br />

(974 w.) erTi xelnaweri (N/Sin-67)<br />

_ `wmidaTa mamaTa sinelTa swavlani<br />

da sakÂrvelebani~. krebuli originaluria,<br />

Tumca calkeul TxrobaTa daZebna<br />

SesaZlebelia qarTul an sxva ber-<br />

Znulenovan paterikebSic. qarTvelolog<br />

specialistTa yuradRebas teqsti<br />

imiTac ipyrobs, rom masSi pirvelive<br />

mTxroblad dasaxelebulia sxva wyaroebiT<br />

CvenTvis ucnobi `wmida mama<br />

samuel qarTveli~.<br />

axal koleqciaSi gansakuTrebiT<br />

mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda X saukunis ori<br />

xelnaweri. erTi maTgani (N/Sin-48) warmoadgens<br />

sakmaod vrcel nawils pirveli<br />

qarTuli istoriuli Txzulebisa,<br />

romelic `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s saxeliT<br />

aris cnobili. aRniSnuli Txzuleba<br />

ori nawilisagan Sedgeba:<br />

e.w. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s matiane,<br />

romelSic gadmocemulia saqarTvelos<br />

istoria dasabamidan VII saukunemde<br />

(TandarTuli qarTlis erismTavarTa<br />

da kaTalikosTa siiT X saukunis damdegamde),<br />

da qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis,<br />

wmida ninos cxovreba.<br />

N/Sin-48-m Cvenamde naklulad moaRwia.<br />

gadarCenilia mxolod `matianis~<br />

nawili, romelic Seicavs Txrobas qarTlis<br />

gaqristianebidan VI saukunis<br />

miwurulamde. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~<br />

dRemde Cvenamde moRweuli iyo ori redaqciiT:<br />

Satberduli (Xs.) da Weli-<br />

Suri (XIV_XV ss.). axali redaqcia<br />

erTsa da imave dros orivesTan poulobs<br />

saerTosac da gansxvavebulsac.<br />

cxadia, igi momdinareobs saerTo winaprisagan<br />

da qronologiurad misi dedani<br />

mniSvnelovnad uswrebs win rogorc<br />

Satberduls, ise WeliSurs. es<br />

daskvna gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania<br />

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s warmoSobis<br />

urTulesi problemis gasarkvevad.<br />

kidev ufro mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda

meore xelnaweri (N/Sin-50),romelic krebuls<br />

warmoadgens. xelnaweri X saukunis<br />

pirveli naxevriT TariRdeba. krebulSi<br />

moTavsebulia zemoT ukve naxsenebi<br />

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ (rogorc<br />

`matiane~, ise `wmida ninos cxovreba~)<br />

da asurel mamaTa cxovrebis wignebi.<br />

krebuli Tavsa da boloSi naklulia.<br />

saocaria, magram faqtia, rom N/Sin-50-Si<br />

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s teqsti iwyeba<br />

TiTqmis iq, sadac wydeba N/Sin-48, Tumca<br />

eseni sruliad sxvadasxva xelnaweria.<br />

ufro metic, meore eqspediciis<br />

dros aRmoCnda N/Sin-50-is SemorCenili<br />

nawilis dasawyisidan kidev ori furceli,<br />

romelTac Sexvedra naxes N/Sin-<br />

48-is dasasrulTan. aRmoCnda, rom es<br />

ori xelnaweric sxvadasxva redaqcias<br />

warmoadgens.<br />

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s mimarT N/<br />

Sin-50-is Sesaxeb unda gavimeoroT is,<br />

rac vTqviT N/Sin-48-is Taobaze: igi<br />

gansxvavdeba rogorc Satberduli, ise<br />

WeliSuri redaqciebisagan da amasTanave<br />

msgavsebas poulobs orivesTan.<br />

sinuri xelnaweri TavisTavadac Satberdul<br />

xelnawerze ufro adrindelia,<br />

redaqciuladac igi, cxadia, mniSvnelovnad<br />

uswrebs orives da saeWvo<br />

SemTxvevebSic iZleva maTze gacilebiT<br />

ukeTes wakiTxvebs.<br />

sinuri aRmoCenebis Semdeg Tavisuflad<br />

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom X s-Si<br />

ukve arsebobda `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~s<br />

oTxi erTmaneTisagan mniSvnelovnad<br />

gansxvavebuli redaqcia. cxadia, amdeni<br />

gansxvavebuli redaqciis Camoyalibeba<br />

did dros moiTxovs, rac gamoricxavs<br />

Zeglis Seqmnas IX saukuneSi.<br />

aranakleb sainteresoa qarTvelologiisa<br />

da, saerTod, aRmosavluri<br />

qristianobis istoriisaTvis<br />

imave N/Sin-50-Si daculi asurel mama-<br />

Ta cxovrebis wignebi. es aris im 13<br />

sirieli saeklesio moRvawis istoria,<br />

romlebic VI saukuneSi movidnen saqarTveloSi,<br />

safuZveli daudes CvenSi<br />

samonastro cxovrebas da, SesaZloa,<br />

gansazRvres saqarTvelos religiuri<br />

saxe mravali saukunis manZilze. axlad<br />

aRmoCenili teqsti sruliad ueWvelia,<br />

rom gacilebiT ufro Zvelia, vidre<br />

dRemde Cvenamde moRweuli mravali sxvadasxva<br />

saxis redaqcia da igi maTgan<br />

gansxvavdeba ara marto redaqciulad,<br />

aramed Sinaarsobrivadac. N/Sin-50 sruliad<br />

axleburad ayenebs asurel mama-<br />

Ta cxovrebis teqstebis istorias.<br />

asurel mamaTa cxovrebis wignebSi<br />

CarTulia sruliad unikaluri cnobebi<br />

saqarTvelos istoriis dRemde<br />

yvelaze cudad Seswavlili da cnobebiT<br />

mwiri periodis, e.w. erismTavrobis<br />

xanis (VI_VIII ss.) Sesaxeb (epitafiebi<br />

genealogiuri da qronologiuri<br />

miTiTebebiT). pirvel yovlisa<br />

unda aRiniSnos, rom maT Soris gvxvdeba<br />

qarTvelTa samefo sagvareulos _<br />

bagrationTa _ dasaxeleba didi xniT<br />

adre, vidre dRemde iyo dadasturebuli<br />

wyaroebSi; pirveli da erTaderTi<br />

moxsenieba rusTavelTa (`ruvisTavel-<br />

Ta~) sagvareulosi da maTi lokalizeba<br />

istoriuli kaxeTis teritoriaze;<br />

samonastro (mcxeTis jvari, zedazeni,<br />

daviT-gareja) biblioTekebisa da saganZurebis<br />

aRwerilobebi.<br />

specialuri yuradRebis Rirsia is<br />

anderZ-minawerebi, romlebic mravlad<br />

aris daculi axali koleqciis xelnawerebze.<br />

pirvel yovlisa maTi saSualebiT<br />

didad izrdeba Cveni codna sinis<br />

mTaze moRvawe qarTveli berebis<br />

Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT X saukuneSi,<br />

vinaidan minawerTa didi umravlesoba<br />

daTariRebulia.<br />

magaliTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT<br />

erTi minaweri axali qarTuli koleqciis<br />

#2 xelnawerze. am xelnaweris<br />

anderZSi mocemulia sinis mTisaTvis<br />

kvirike miZnaZorelis mier Sewiruli<br />

qarTuli wignebis sia,TiToeuli dasaxelebuli<br />

wignis raodenobis miTiTebiT<br />

(sul 45). amgvari sia, rogorc zemoT<br />

aRvniSneT, 1902 wels sinis mTaze aRmoaCina<br />

n. marma da es ori sia yvelaze<br />

75

76<br />

adrindelia maT Soris,sinis mTaze bibliografiul<br />

saqmianobas rom uCvenebs.<br />

amave minawerSi yuradRebas ipyrobs anderZ-minaweris<br />

avtoris mier aRwerili<br />

Tavisi samSeneblo moRvaweoba wmida<br />

ekaterines saxelobis monastris teritoriaze.<br />

specialistTa did yuradRebas<br />

gamoiwvevs axlad aRmoCenil xelnawerebs<br />

Soris palimfsestebi. maTi<br />

raodenoba mniSvnelovania. qveda teqsti<br />

aris qarTuli, berZnuli, eTiopuri,<br />

siriuli da somxuri.<br />

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ori<br />

xelnaweris (N/Sin-13, 55) qveda teqstSi<br />

kavkasiis albaneTis dakarguli mwerlobis<br />

ZeglTa gamovlena.<br />

X saukuneSi Zveli xelnawerebis<br />

gamoyeneba axlis Sesaqmnelad sinis<br />

mTaze gamowveulia pergamentis deficitiT,<br />

rac xelnawerTa minawerebiTac<br />

dasturdeba. amasve miuTiTebs Zveli<br />

xelnawerebis CamonaWrebisagan Sekerili<br />

axali wignebis dadastureba axal<br />

koleqciaSi.<br />

1994 wlis noember-dekemberSi xelnawerTa<br />

institutis meore eqspediciis<br />

ukanasknel dRes restavratorebma<br />

gaxsnes N/Sin-55, romelic xanZris Sedegad<br />

mTlianad erT gaqvavebul masad<br />

iyo gadaqceuli. xelnaweri aRmoCnda<br />

palimfsesti, romlis orive teqsti<br />

(zeda da qveda) imave xeliT iyo naweri,<br />

rogoriTac N/Sin-13. am ori xelnaweris<br />

qveda teqsti aRmoCnda kavkasiis albaneTis<br />

mwerlobis Zegli.<br />

albaneTi iyo kavkasiis teritoriaze<br />

mesame civilizebuli saxelmwifo<br />

antikur xanasa da adrind. Sua<br />

saukuneebSi daaxloebiT Tanamedrove<br />

azerbaijanis teritoriaze. X s-idan<br />

mokidebuli, mezobeli qveynebis, momTabare<br />

tomebisa da arabTa saxalifos<br />

Zlieri gavlenis Sedegad igi sruliad<br />

gaqra istoriis asparezidan.<br />

1830-iani wlebidan daiwyo intensiuri<br />

saerTaSoriso samecniero Zieba am<br />

qveynis raime kvalisa materialur kulturaSi.<br />

1937 wlis 28 seqtembers eCmiaZinis<br />

(erevanSi) xelnawerebs Soris i.<br />

abulaZem miakvliaA XV s-is somxur xelnawers,<br />

romelic warmoadgenda sxvadasxva<br />

enisa da damwerlobis saxelmZRvanelos.<br />

am xelnawerSi aRmoCnda albanuri<br />

anbanic. anbani Seiswavla a. SaniZem<br />

da daaskvna, rom albanebis memkvidreebi<br />

unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyvnen azerbaijanis teritoriaze<br />

da nawilobriv saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi<br />

mcirericxovani xalxi udiebi,<br />

romelTa ena kavkasiuri enebis samxreTdaRestnur<br />

enaTa jgufs ekuTvnis. daaxloebiT<br />

aTi wlis Semdeg azerbaijanis<br />

teritoriaze mingeCauris gaTxrebis<br />

dros aRmoCnda albanuri damwerlobiT<br />

Sesrulebuli ramdenime warwera. imedi,<br />

rom i. abulaZis mier aRmoCenili anbaniT<br />

gaiSifreboda es warwerebi, ar gamarTlda.<br />

mecnierTa erT wreSi gaCnda<br />

Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac albanuri<br />

kultura, damwerloba da mwerloba<br />

saerTod arc arsebula.<br />

sinis mTaze aRmoCenili ori xelnaweris<br />

qveda, albanuri teqsti gadarecxes<br />

X s-Si da zevidan daaweres<br />

qarTuli anbanuri pateriki. qveda teqstis<br />

300 gadarCenili gverdidan daaxloebiT<br />

asis amokiTxva SesaZlebelia<br />

ultraiisferi ganaTebiT, gamadidebeli<br />

saSualebebiT, ultraiisferi gadaRebisa<br />

da kompiuteruli damuSavebis<br />

Semdeg.<br />

albanuri xelnaweris kodikologiuri<br />

saxis gansazRvra adgilzeve<br />

moxerxda. aman SesaZlebloba momca<br />

orad gakecili da sxvadasxva adgilas<br />

moxvedrili furceli warmosaxviT gameerTianebina<br />

da Semdeg kompiuterSi<br />

misi pirvandeli saxe aRmedgina. aRmoCnda,<br />

rom albanuri teqsti naweria<br />

or svetad, vertikalurad, da TiToeul<br />

svetSi 22 striqonia, gairkva furclebis<br />

formatic, areebis farTobi da ganisazRvra<br />

areebze gakeTebuli minawerebis<br />

adgili.<br />

gabmulad naweri teqstis sityvebad<br />

daSlis SesaZleblobas iZleoda sxva

Zveli mwerlobebis msgavsad mozrdili<br />

abzacebis dawyeba didi asoTi, daqaragmebuli<br />

sityvebi,garkveuli monakveTebis<br />

erTmaneTisgan gamoy<strong>of</strong>a sasveni<br />

ori wertiliT, gameorebuli erTi<br />

da igive sityvebi da mTeli frazebi.<br />

Teoriulma gaTvlebma da teqstis<br />

garegnuli saxis tipologiurma analizma<br />

mimiyvana daskvnamde, rom albanuri<br />

teqsti unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo mTeli<br />

wlis saRvTismsaxuro wigni „leqcionari“.<br />

amis Semdeg dadga amocana sxva<br />

enebze arsebuli leqcionarebis Sesatyvisi<br />

adgilebis moZebnisa albanurSi.<br />

xangrZlivi da teqnikurad rTuli samuSaos<br />

Sesrulebis Sedegad moxerxda<br />

im SedarebiT wvrili asoebiT naweri<br />

winadadebebis gadmowera, romlebsac<br />

Teoriulad leqcionarebis sakiTxavTa<br />

saTaurebad miviCnevdi. erT-erTi aseTi<br />

saTauri gaiSifra da igi aRmoCnda pavle<br />

mociqulis epistole Tesalonikel-<br />

Ta mimarT,romelic ikiTxeboda aliluias<br />

Sesrulebis moTxovniT. danarCeni<br />

ormoci saTauris gaSifrva ukve drois,<br />

moTminebisa da „teqnikis“ saqme iyo.<br />

saTaurebis amokiTxvisa da ga-<br />

Sifvris Semdeg saWiro iyo sakiTxavebis<br />

identifikacia nacnob enebze arsebuli<br />

leqcionarebis sakiTxavebTan.<br />

albanuri teqstis is monakveTi, romelSic<br />

erTi da igive fraza cxrajer<br />

meordeboda, aRmoCnda nawyveti pavle<br />

mociqulis meore epistoledan (axali<br />

aRTqma), me-11 Tavis 25_27-e muxlebi. gamoirkva,<br />

rom qarTul, somxur da berZnul<br />

Sesatyvis teqstebSi gamoyenebuli<br />

leqsika zog SemTxvevaSi Tanxvdeba<br />

albanurs. aseT sityvebSi gamoyenebul<br />

grafemaTa (asoTa) fonemuri (bgeriTi)<br />

mniSvnelobis didi sizustiT dadgena<br />

Zneli aRar iyo. paralelurma teqstebma<br />

saSualeba momca, agreTve, damedgina<br />

albanuri enis ramdenime gramatikuli<br />

kategoria, ramac kvlav didi siaxlove<br />

miCvena Tanamedrove udiurTan.<br />

albanuri anbani grafikulad axlos<br />

aris qarTulTan, somxurTan da<br />

77<br />

eTiopurTan. igi Sedgenili unda iyos<br />

palestinur samyaroSi. axali aRTqmidan<br />

sakiTxavebi uCvenebs gansxvavebebs<br />

sxva enebze arsebul axali aRTqmis<br />

teqstebTan da adasturebs, rom amierkavkasiis<br />

xalxTa enebze arsebuli bibliis<br />

teqstebis gareSe wmida werilis<br />

arqetipis aRdgena ar iqneba sruly<strong>of</strong>ili.<br />

albanuri leqcionaris gaSifvris<br />

Semdeg gaCnda Semdegi Teoriuli da<br />

praqtikuli perspeqtivebi: udiur enas<br />

(saerTod mTis kavkasiis enebs) SesaZlebloba<br />

miecema Tavisi damwerlobisaTvis<br />

diakritikuli niSnebiT damZimebuli<br />

rusuli an laTinuri anbanis<br />

magier gamoiyenos albanuri, romlis<br />

TiToeuli grafema Seesatyviseba Ti-<br />

Toeul fonemas. SesaZlebeli gaxdeba<br />

aRdges udi xalxis saRvTismsaxuro ena<br />

albanuri leqsikis safuZvelze. aseTi<br />

gza imave dros gadaarCens udiur enas,<br />

romelic wiTel wignSi Setanil enaTa<br />

Soris iTvleba.<br />

mTis kavkasiuri enebis SedarebiTi<br />

Seswavlisas gamoyenebuli iqneba erTaderTi<br />

uZvelesi samwerlobo ena _<br />

albanuri, rac SesaZleblobas miscems<br />

specialistebs dokumenturad Seamowmon<br />

arsebuli Teoriuli rekonstruqciebi<br />

da gacilebiT ufro Sors wavidnen<br />

istoriis siRrmeSi. meti sizustiT<br />

SegveZleba vilaparakoT albaneTis<br />

saxelmwifos ganviTarebis donis, misi<br />

teritoris farglebis, religiis, eTnikuri<br />

da enobrivi situaciisa da sxva<br />

problemebis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

rom gauSifrav damwerlobaTa jer kidev<br />

arsebuli sakmao raodenoba XX<br />

saukuneSi erTiT kidev Semcirda. damwerlobaTmcodneebs<br />

gaufarTovdebaT<br />

TavianTi kvlevis areali, radgan xelT<br />

eqnebaT kidev erTi anbanuri damwerloba,<br />

romlis arsebobac maT icodnen,<br />

magram Teoriuli daskvnebisaTvis gamoyenebis<br />

saSualeba ar hqondaT somxur<br />

xelnawerSi Semonaxul anbanSi<br />

daSvebuli mravali Secdomis gamo.

albanuri teqstebis sruli saxiT<br />

(faqsimile, transkrifcia, Targmani,<br />

paraleluri teqsti, aRmoCenisa da ga-<br />

Sifvris istoria, gramatikuli aRwera,<br />

cnobebi albanuri damwerlobisa da<br />

albaneTis istoriis Sesaxeb) gamoqveynebas<br />

(savaraudoa, 2008 wlis bolos)<br />

udidesi mniSvneloba eqneba ara marto<br />

kavkasiologiis mravali dargisaTvis,<br />

aramed, zogadad, uZvelesi qristianuli<br />

mwerlobis Sesaswavlad. gamocemaze<br />

muSaobs mecnierTa jgufi (z. aleqsiZe,<br />

i. giperti, J.-p. mae, v. Sulce).<br />

dasasrul, minda erTxel kidev gavimeoro,rom<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos ka-<br />

Tolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia meoris aqtiuri da uSualo<br />

monawileobis gareSe Cvens Taobas<br />

SesaZloa didxans araferi scodnoda<br />

sinis mTaze aRmoCenili saganZuris<br />

WeSmariti Rirebulebis Sesaxeb.<br />

78

uwmidesi da unetaresi patriarqi ilia II<br />

qarTveli eris sulierebis mfarveli<br />

SoTa nadiraSvili<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />

moRvaweobis Sedegad saqarTvelos sulierebis<br />

ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani<br />

sasikeTo Zvrebi moxda.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, XX saukuneSi<br />

saqarTvelo mZime sulier da materialur<br />

pirobebSi cxovrobda. sabWoTa<br />

kavSirSi, sadac saqarTvelo faqtobrivad<br />

koloniur mdgomareobaSi iyo,<br />

uxeSad irRveoda adamianisa da eris<br />

uflebebi. gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareoba<br />

Seiqmna sulieri cxovrebis<br />

sferoSi. sarwmunoebisa da erovnuli<br />

interesebis damcveli adamianebis<br />

mimarT saxelmwifo sagangebo represiebs<br />

mimarTavda. aseT pirobebSi<br />

daiwyo patriarqma Tavisi moRvaweoba.<br />

man rwmeniT aRsavse gonivruli<br />

saqmianobiT qarTvel erSi gaaRviva<br />

da ganamtkica qristianul-marTlmadidebluri<br />

rwmena, razedac agebuli<br />

iyo odiTganve qarTveli eris kultura<br />

da cnobiereba. patriarqis damsaxurebaa,<br />

rom dRes qarTveli xalxi<br />

masobrivad Semobrunda eklesiuri<br />

cxovrebisaken; xalxs gauCnda miswrafeba<br />

icxovros qristianul-mar-<br />

Tlmadidebluri moTxovnebis mixedviT.<br />

patriarqis moRvaweobiT aseTi<br />

rwmenis gavrceleba da ganmtkiceba<br />

drouli da saWiroa CvenTvis, radgan<br />

qarTveli xalxi dRes erovnuli saxelmwifos<br />

Camoyalibebis gzaze dgas.<br />

patriarqma didi wvlili Seitana<br />

damoukideblobis ideis ganmtkicebaSi,<br />

magram damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg<br />

verc erTma xelisuflebam qarTvel<br />

ers ver dausaxa Tavisufali erovnuli<br />

saxelmwifos aSenebis amocana, mizani,<br />

idea, rac qarTvel ers gaaerTianebda<br />

am amocanis Sesasruleblad.<br />

xelisuflebasa da adamianebs gauCndaT<br />

kerZo miznebi da amocanebi,<br />

romelTa ganxorcielebis procesSi<br />

adamianebi, calkeuli jgufebi da partiebi<br />

daupirispirdnen erTmaneTs, ris<br />

gamoc SeuZlebeli gaxda Tavisufali<br />

erovnuli saxelmwifos aSeneba.<br />

patriarqma daiwyo moRvaweoba saer-<br />

To-erovnuli amocanis dasaxvisaTvis,<br />

rac aucilebelia erovnuli saxelmwifos<br />

mSeneblobis dasawyebad. am<br />

mxriv, did mniSvnelobas iZens patriarqis<br />

moRvaweoba, ris Sedegadac Cvenma<br />

xalxma daiwyo religiur-kulturuli<br />

Zeglebis aRdgena da eklesiuri saqmianoba.<br />

daiwyo adamianebs Soris dadebiTi<br />

ganwyobilebebis Camoyalibeba da<br />

es urTierTobebi ufro Semwynarebluri<br />

gaxda.<br />

saqarTvelos istoriaSi cnobil<br />

saeklesio moRvaweTa saxelebi eklesiebis<br />

mSeneblobasTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos patriarq<br />

ilia II didi moRvaweoba axali<br />

saeklesio mSeneblobis saqmeSi. misi<br />

xelmZRvanelobiT aigo samebis ekle-<br />

79

80<br />

sia, romelic udidesi da brwyinvale<br />

nagebobaa. igi ukve did rols asrulebs<br />

xalxis sulieri gaerTianebis<br />

saqmeSi. TviT mSeneblobis procesic<br />

iqca qarTvelTa daaxloebis da Tanam-<br />

Sromlobis arenad. masSi mravalma<br />

adamianma Seitana garkveuli wvlili.<br />

rogorc patriarqma aRniSna,ar SeiZleba<br />

ar movixsenioT am saqmeSi didi qarTveli<br />

mecenati, romelmac Tavisi gvaris<br />

dasaxelebac ar isurva. qarTveli<br />

eri didi madlierebiT da pativiscemiT<br />

aris ganmsWvaluli batoni biZina<br />

ivaniSvilis mimarT.<br />

eris cxovrebaSi patriarqis moRvaweoba<br />

mxolod saeklesio saqmianobiT<br />

ar amoiwureba. misi Sexedulebebi<br />

qarTveli xalxis cxovrebis wesis,<br />

pirovnebis aRzrdis, axalgazrdobis<br />

ganaTlebis da, saerTod, mecnierebis<br />

Sesaxeb did gavlenas axdens qarTveli<br />

eris sulier ganviTarebaze. es Sexedulebebi<br />

kargad aris warmodgenili patriarqis<br />

epistoleebSi, rac mis did<br />

erudiciaze miuTiTebs.<br />

Cven sagangebod gvinda aRvniSnoT<br />

patriarqis mosazrebebi aRzrdisa<br />

da swavlebis Sesaxeb, romelTa gaTvaliswineba<br />

aucilebelia saskolo<br />

swavla-aRzrdis procesSi. patriarqis<br />

azriT, skolaSi bavSvebs unda<br />

SevumuSaoT analitikuri azrovneba,<br />

romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia<br />

rTul socialur viTarebebSi<br />

garkveva da wamoWrili problemebis<br />

gadawyveta. analitikuri azrovneba<br />

movlenaTa mizezebisa da maTi mimdinareobis<br />

kanonzomierebaTa gagebis<br />

saSualebas iZleva. saqarTveloSi,<br />

samwuxarod, politikurma partiebma<br />

sakuTari Sexedulebebis damcveli<br />

poziciuri azrovneba daamkvidres.<br />

am calmxrivi tendenciis dasaZlevad<br />

analitikuri azrovnebis swavleba<br />

aris saWiro. patriarqis am miTiTebis<br />

safuZvelze Camoyalibda fsiqolog-<br />

Ta jgufi, romelmac gadawyvita maswavleblebisaTvis<br />

Seeqmna analitikuri<br />

azrovnebis swavlebis meToduri<br />

saxelmZRvanelo. masSi dalagebuli<br />

iqneba Semecnebis unarebis ganviTarebis<br />

da analitikuri azrovnebis<br />

swavlebis meTodebi. garda amisa, moswavleTaTvis<br />

Sedgenili iqneba azrovnebis<br />

dauflebisa da gavarjiSebis<br />

saxelmZRvanelo.<br />

patriarqma aRniSna isic, rom axalgazrdebis<br />

aRzrdis saqmeSi didi<br />

rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia ganwyobis<br />

Teorias; misi gamoyenebiT Cven Segvi-<br />

Zlia dadebiTi ganwyobebi SevuqmnaT<br />

adamianebs maRali, moraluri Rirebulebebis<br />

mimarT.<br />

gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs patriarqi<br />

saqarTveloSi narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolaSi.<br />

narkomania didi ubedurebaa, romelic<br />

Tavs daatyda kacobriobas. misi<br />

SesaZlo tragikuli Sedegebi jer<br />

kidev bolomde ar aris gacnobierebuli.<br />

narkomans zogi avadmy<strong>of</strong>ad Tvlis,<br />

zogi _ kriminalad. swori ar<br />

iqneba narkomanis mxolod avadmy<strong>of</strong>ad<br />

an mxolod damnaSaved CaTvla. kibo-<br />

Ti da tifiT adamiani misi survilisa<br />

da nebis gareSe avaddeba. narkomaniiT<br />

daavadebaSi ki Tavad individs<br />

Seaqvs wvlili. Cveulebrivad, adamiani<br />

Tavisi survilis gareSe am seniT<br />

ar avaddeba. man TviTon gamoiwvia<br />

es seni _ is eSmakis msaxuri gaxda,<br />

riTac xSirad prestiJuli adamianis<br />

rols asrulebs; avrcelebs am sens<br />

sazogadoebaSi da borotebis samsaxurSi<br />

dgeba. sazogadoebam unda gamonaxos<br />

narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis<br />

efeqturi formebi, raTa daicvas<br />

narkomanis sicocxle da suliereba.<br />

aseve sazogadoebam unda daicvas Tavi<br />

am senis gamavrceleblebisagan.<br />

narkomaniam katastr<strong>of</strong>ulad farTo<br />

gavrceleba pova ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi. saqarTveloSi<br />

narkomanTa Tavzardamcem ricxvs<br />

asaxeleben. mis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad<br />

erisa da mTeli materialuri da<br />

sulieri Zalebis Cabma aris saWiro.

patriarqma narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

seriozuli muSaoba daiwyo, masTan sabrZolvelad<br />

saTanado samecniero da<br />

sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi Car-<br />

To. patriarqis inteleqtualuri da<br />

materialuri daxmarebis wyalobiT<br />

aRniSnulma organizaciebma narkomaniis<br />

winaaRmdeg seriozuli muSaoba<br />

daiwyes.<br />

aRmoCnda, rom narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZola sami mimarTulebiT aris<br />

saWiro:<br />

1. narkomaniis winaaRmdeg muSaoba<br />

warmatebiT ver damTavrdeba, Tu xelisufleba<br />

intensiurad ar CaerTveba<br />

am saqmianobaSi. saWiroa kanonebis ukiduresi<br />

gamkacreba narkotikebis gamavrceleblebis<br />

winaaRmdeg. fsiqologebma<br />

sazogadoebas unda SeumuSaon<br />

uary<strong>of</strong>iTi ganwyoba, siZulvili narkotikebis<br />

gamavrceleblebis mimarT.<br />

am mimarTulebiT garkveuli programebi<br />

muSavdeba. saWiroa maTi gafar-<br />

Toeba.<br />

2. seriozuli muSaobaa saWiro Tvi-<br />

Ton narkomanebTan. maT sul ufro<br />

uZneldebaT sazogadoebrivi cxovreba,<br />

samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesruleba<br />

da narkotikebis SeZena. aseTi vi-<br />

Tareba ki maT kriminalisken ubiZgebs.<br />

maTi mkurnaloba garkveul reJimSi<br />

cxovrebas moiTxovs, razedac narkomanTa<br />

mcire raodenoba Tanxmdeba. maT<br />

unda SevuqmnaT saTanado ganwyoba,<br />

Tavad CaerTon Tavis mkurnalobaSi.<br />

sazogadoebaSi unda SemuSavdes narkomanebisadmi<br />

ambivalenturi, ormagi<br />

damokidebuleba: TanagrZnoba misi<br />

pirovnebisadmi, romelic Sepyrobilia<br />

borotebis msaxuris, satanis, mier da<br />

siZulvili misi pirovnebis im aspeqtis<br />

mimarT, romelic Tanxmdeba borotebas-<br />

Tan TanamSromlobas. narkomani avadaa,<br />

romelsac gankurneba, Svela unda, da<br />

is damnaSavec aris _ borotebas emsaxureba,<br />

ar ibrZvis misgan gansaTavisufleblad<br />

da sxvebsac abams am ubedurebaSi.<br />

81<br />

3. rogorc vTqviT, axalgazrdobis<br />

garkveul nawils narkomanoba erTgvar<br />

prestiJul saqmianobad miaCnia. axalgazrdobis<br />

erT nawils narkotikebis<br />

gasinjvis interesi aqvs; maTSi arsebobs<br />

imedi imisa, rom roca moindomeben,<br />

masze uars ityvian. aseTi mcdari<br />

Sexedulebebi narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolas abrkolebs.<br />

fsiqologebma da aRzrdis specialistebma<br />

unda gamoimuSaon specialuri<br />

meTodebi, romelTa daxmarebiT<br />

axalgazrdebs SeumuSaveben mkve-<br />

Tr uary<strong>of</strong>iT ganwyobas narkotikebisa<br />

da narkomanebis mimarT. am ganwyobebSi<br />

dominirebuli unda iyos siZulvili<br />

da zizRi narkotikebisa da narkomanebis<br />

mimarT. sulac ar aris saWiro<br />

axalgazrdobaSi narkomanisadmi, rogorc<br />

avadmy<strong>of</strong>isadmi TanagrZnobisa<br />

da Sewynarebis gancdis gamomuSaveba.<br />

patriarqis davalebiT da daxmarebiT<br />

ukve tardeba garkveuli muSaoba<br />

fsiqologebisa da fsiqoTerapevtebis<br />

mier narkomaniis winaaRmdeg.<br />

patriarqis didi moRvaweobis safuZvelze<br />

CvenSi sul ufro mtkicdeba pativiscema<br />

sarwmunoebisadmi, romelic<br />

adamianis sulierebas emsaxureba. amave<br />

dros patriarqis moRvaweobis Sedegad<br />

sul ufro izrdeba CvenSi samSoblos,<br />

qarTveli eris ganviTarebisa da ganmtkicebis<br />

moTxovnileba.<br />

qarTveli eri erovnuli saxelmwifos<br />

aSenebis Znel gzas adgas.<br />

yoveli eri qmnis da inaxavs codnasa<br />

da Tavis kulturas, rac aucilebelia<br />

adamianTa socialuri cxovrebis organizaciisaTvis.<br />

momavali Taobebi euflebian<br />

da aviTareben mas. ase iqmneba<br />

garemo,socialuri pirobebi pirovneba-<br />

Ta Sinagani Zalebisa da SesaZleblobebis<br />

realizaciisaTvis. monur, feodalur,<br />

diqtatorul da sabazro principebze<br />

agebul sazogadoebebSi ver<br />

moxerxda adamianTa idealebis ganxorcieleba.<br />

magram adamianTa miswrafeba<br />

gonivruli da moraluri cxovrebisak-

82<br />

en sul ufro izrdeba. am miznebis misaRwevad<br />

aucilebelia im uflebebisa<br />

da movaleobebis naTely<strong>of</strong>a da aRiareba,<br />

romlebic adamianebs da erebs,<br />

rogorc sulier subieqtebs, moekiTxebaT.<br />

didi erebi dResac ver ganTavisufldnen<br />

imperiuli ambiciebisagan. es<br />

badebs mtrobas erebs Soris da erebs<br />

SigniT _ adamianebs Soris.<br />

dRes kacobriobis istoriaSi erTgvari<br />

Semobruneba moxda: damoukidebeli<br />

da Tavisufali erovnuli saxelmwifoebis<br />

Camoyalibebis procesi daiwyo.<br />

isini didi siZnelis winaSe aRmoCndnen.<br />

saqarTveloc swored aseTi siZnelis<br />

winaSe dgas. ms<strong>of</strong>lios damoukidebeli<br />

da Tavisufali qveynebis sistemaSi<br />

CarTva didi sirTuleebis gadalaxvas<br />

moiTxovs. am sirTuleebis daZlevisaTvis<br />

damoukideblobis mopoveba ar aris<br />

sakmarisi. damoukidebloba jer kidev<br />

ar aris Tavisufleba. fsiqologebisTvis<br />

kargad aris cnobili, rom bavSvi<br />

dabadebis Semdeg damoukidebeli organizmi<br />

xdeba, magram is jer kidev<br />

ar aris Tavisufali arseba. Tavisuflebis<br />

miRweva mas 16_17 wlis asakSi<br />

SeuZlia, rodesac man Tavad unda air-<br />

Cios cxovrebis wesi, romelsac is Seasrulebs<br />

da romelzec is pasuxismgeblobas<br />

aiRebs. aseTsave mdgomareoba-<br />

Sia eri. damoukideblobis mopovebis<br />

Semdeg man Tavad unda SeZlos Seqmnas<br />

Tavisi arsebobis pirobebi, airCios<br />

Tavisi cxovrebis wesi, daamyaros sxva<br />

erebTan TanamSromluri urTierToba,<br />

gaiTvaliswinos Tavisi da masTan urTierTobaSi<br />

my<strong>of</strong>i eri-saxelmwifoebis<br />

ufleba-movaleobebi, pasuxi agos Tavis<br />

moqmedebebze.<br />

aRmoCnda, rom damoukidebloba Zalian<br />

mZimea. am gzis gavlis Semdeg eri<br />

yalibdeba Tavisufal erovnul saxelmwifod,<br />

subieqtad, Tavisufal sulier<br />

arsebad. amitom adamianebi gaurbian<br />

damoukideblobas da ara Tavisuflebas,<br />

rogorc es froms egona.<br />

dadginda, rom damoukideblobisagan<br />

gaqcevis oTxi gza arsebobs:<br />

pirveli _ ukan, Zveli patronisaken<br />

dabruneba; meore _ axali patronis<br />

Zieba; mesame _ nevrozuli fusfusi,<br />

riTac adamianebi Tavisuflebis iluzias<br />

iqmnian. bolo 17 wlis manZilze<br />

Cven samive gza ukve vcadeT, meoTxes,<br />

Tavisuflebisaken mimaval gzas, jer<br />

kidev ver davadeqiT.<br />

erT dros Cveni xelisufleba ukan<br />

dabrunebas cdilobda. miRebulad iTvleboda<br />

debuleba: `saqarTvelos ruseTis<br />

gareSe cxovreba ar SeuZlia~.<br />

SemdgomSi axali patronis Ziebis<br />

periodi daiwyo; miiCneoda, rom Cven<br />

axali patronis mfarvelobis qveS<br />

unda SevsuliyaviT, aqtualuri gaxda<br />

debuleba: `saqarTvelos evropisa da<br />

amerikis mfarvelobis gareSe cxovreba<br />

ar SeuZlia~. daiwyo `nevrozuli<br />

fusfusi~. Cven Tavisufali saxelmwifo<br />

rom gavxdeT, unda aRvadginoT<br />

`abreSumis gza~, saqarTveloze unda<br />

gavataroT navTobisa da gazis milebi,<br />

gzebi, unda davemsgavsoT ganviTarebul<br />

saxelmwifoebs; aqamde arsebulma<br />

verc erTma xelisuflebam qveyanas<br />

ver dausaxa erTiani erovnuli mizani,<br />

rac gaaerTianebda qarTvel ers Tavisufali<br />

saxelmwifos mSeneblobis<br />

saqmeSi. ra miznebisa da amocanebis<br />

dasaxvaa amisaTvis saWiro? Cem mier<br />

uxerxulia am sakiTxebze msjeloba,<br />

magram zogadad mainc vityvi: saqarTvelos<br />

xelisuflebam unda gamonaxos<br />

saqarTvelosTvis prioritetuli<br />

dargebi, romelTa ganviTarebis<br />

safuZvelze Cven gavxdebiT erovnuli<br />

saxelmwifo. eseni Semdegia: erovnuli<br />

mrewveloba da s<strong>of</strong>lis meurneoba,<br />

erovnuli ganaTleba da kultura.<br />

erovnul kulturaSi vgulisxmob<br />

literaturas, musikas, Teatrs, kinos<br />

da sxvadasxva saxis SemoqmedebiT<br />

saqmianobas. saWiroa ganviTardes<br />

mecniereba, jandacva, sazogadoebrivi<br />

usafrTxoeba da samxedro saqme.<br />

aseT viTarebaSi yuradRebiT unda

movekidoT patriarqis darigebas, rom<br />

Cveni qveynis saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis<br />

procesSi yvelaze didi Rirebuleba<br />

RmerTs, ersa da adamians eni-<br />

Weba. igi Tavis sulier moRvaweobasa<br />

da praqtikul saqmianobaSi warmatebiT<br />

amkvidrebs aRniSnul Sexedulebas.<br />

qarTveli xalxi didi mowiwebiT<br />

gamoxatavs Tavis siyvaruls saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II mimarT. usurvebs<br />

mas xangrZliv sicocxles, raTa kidev<br />

didxans emsaxuros Cveni qveynis sulieri<br />

zrdisa da ganviTarebis saqmes.<br />

83

swored amitom saxelisuflo Zalebs<br />

ar surdaT, rom eklesiis saTaveSi ase-<br />

Ti pirovneba mosuliyo. did WidilSi<br />

ilia SiolaSvilis kandidaturam sabolood<br />

gaimarjva. Znelia Tqma, ra Zalebma<br />

imoqmedes, magram am saqmeSi rom<br />

gadamwyveti uflis neba iyo, es udavoa.<br />

saerTo ganukiTxaobisa da urwmunoebis<br />

pirobebSi qveyanaSi naTeli adgili<br />

unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo. ufalma sabolood<br />

ar gawira RvTismSoblis wilxvedri<br />

saqarTvelo.<br />

ilia II kurTxevamde saqarTveloSi<br />

eklesias mcirericxovani mrevli hyavda.<br />

magram mis intronizacias sveticxovlis<br />

taZarSi bevri xalxi daeswro,<br />

eklesia da sveticxovlis ezo<br />

xalxiT iyo savse, morwmuneebiT, sanaxaobis<br />

moyvarulebiTa da saTanado organoTa<br />

TanamSromlebis didi raodenobiT.<br />

kurTxevis dros ilia II TiTqos na-<br />

Tels afrqvevda. Cem siaxloves mdgomi<br />

Cemi kargi nacnobi aTeistebi gakvirvebas<br />

ver malavdnen.<br />

ilia II aRsaydrebidan eklesiaSi<br />

mlocvelTa ricxvma TandaTan imata.<br />

intronizaciis erTi wlisTavze ukve<br />

mcxeTis misadgomebidan aRar iyo<br />

xalxis teva. eklesiaSi axalgazrdoba<br />

momravlda, ZiriTadad gogonebi, gulze<br />

jvriT, magram iyvnen ymawvilebic. wirvis<br />

dros eklesiaSi teva aRar iyo. uwmidesis,<br />

ilia II madli moefina saqamariam<br />

lorTqifaniZe<br />

patriarqi da morwmuneni<br />

Cems Taobas saqarTvelos istoriis<br />

erT-erT umZimes dros ergo cxovreba.<br />

komunisturi totalitaruli reJimis<br />

represiebis viTarebaSi, sarwmunoebis,<br />

eklesiis msaxurTa devnis, eklesiaTa<br />

darbevis, urwmunoebis sayovelTao<br />

danergvisaTvis brZolis pirobebSi<br />

Taobebi izrdebodnen da gaizardnen<br />

aTeistebad.<br />

qarTuli eklesia Cveni inteligenciis<br />

mcirericxovani warmomadgenlebis,<br />

sakmaod mcirericxovani morwmune<br />

mrevlis mxardaWeriT, eklesiis<br />

msaxurTa TavdadebiTa da simtkiciT<br />

mainc idga fexze da erTgulad icavda<br />

Tavis principebs, sakuTar arsebobas,<br />

cdilobda gadaerCina eri gadagvarebisagan.<br />

miuxedavad sastiki devnisa,qarTulma<br />

eklesiam, kaTolikos-patriarqebma,<br />

rigiTma da maRali donis msaxurebma<br />

daicves qarTuli eklesiis Rirseba.<br />

1977 wels gardaicvala kaTolikospatriarqi<br />

daviT V, romelic 1972 wlidan<br />

iyo Cveni eklesiis uzenaesi xelisufali.<br />

dadga patriarqis `arCevis~<br />

sakiTxi, rac faqtobrivad samTavrobo<br />

doneze wydeboda. qarTuli inteligenciis<br />

mcirericxovani jgufi cxumafxazeTis<br />

mitropolits ilia SiolaSvils<br />

uWerda mxars. mas icnobdnen<br />

rogorc ganaTlebul, xalxisa da rwmenisaTvis<br />

Tavdadebul pirovnebas, mas<br />

ukve didi saxeli hqonda moxveWili.<br />

84

Tvelos, xalxi eklesiisaken, rwmenisaken<br />

mobrunda. ar iyo advili aTeuli<br />

wlebis manZilze Seqmnili zRurblis<br />

gadalaxva. es zRurbli qarTvel xalxs<br />

ilis II madlma gadaalaxvina.<br />

zogi skeptikosi eWvs gamoTqvamda,<br />

rom axalgazrdobis nawili fexis<br />

xmas ahyva. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom<br />

eklesiaSi misulTa Soris aTeistebic,<br />

saerTo gatacebas ayolilebic iyvnen,<br />

magram TandaTan isinic Seicnobdnen<br />

rwmenis madls, maTi Svilebi, SviliSvilebi<br />

eklesiurad,morwmuneebad gaizrdebodnen.<br />

wirvis, didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis<br />

dros, eklesiaSi yovelTvis<br />

iyvnen garkveul samsaxurTa warmomadgenlebi.<br />

kargad viciT, rogor<br />

ibarebdnen axalgazrdebs,emuqrebodnen<br />

kidec, magram ukve am rwmenis amoZirkva<br />

SeuZlebeli iyo da am SemobrunebaSi<br />

udidesi Rvawli patriarqs miuZRvis.<br />

gaxSirda jvriswerebi, bavSvebs ukve,<br />

rogorc wesi, yvela naTlavda. da es<br />

yvelaferi jer kidev komunisturi re-<br />

Jimis dros xdeboda.<br />

eri imediT Sescqeroda da Sescqeris<br />

uwmidessa da unetaress. mis<br />

locvas auracxeli xalxi eswreba, eswrafvian<br />

misi `epistoleebis~ mosmenas<br />

da wakiTxvas,radgan maTSi qveynis momavlis<br />

imeds xedaven. aTeisti qarTveloba<br />

morwmune erad Camoyalibda. yvela<br />

marTlmadidebel qarTvels uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II didi imedi aqvs.<br />

ufali iyos ilia II da Cveni Semwe.<br />

85

mama giorgi zviadaZe<br />

Jami Senebisa...<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II Rvawli uaRresad mravalferovani<br />

da nay<strong>of</strong>ieria. albaT SeuZlebelia<br />

im damsaxurebis zedmiwevniT aRnusxva<br />

da gadmocema, romlis aRsrulebac<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis mwyemsmTavaris<br />

maRali sulierebis, ganaTlebis,<br />

gonierebisa da sibrZnis Sedegad gaxda<br />

SesaZlebeli. kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

moRvaweoba mxolod imiT ar amoiwureba,<br />

rac dRes yvelasTvis xelSesaxebi<br />

da cxadia. masSi bevri ram aris iseTi,<br />

rasac udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni<br />

sulierebisa da aRorZinebisTvis, Tumca,<br />

Cveulebriv, aseTi Rvawli materialuri<br />

TvaliT ar ixilveba da mxolod RvTisTvis<br />

aris sacnauri. misi uwmidesobis patriarqobis<br />

ocdaaTwliani moRvaweoba<br />

86<br />

erTgvari mowameobaa, ramac dasabami<br />

misca Cveni xalxis sulier feriscvalebas,<br />

eklesiurobisagan gaucxoebuli<br />

qarTveli eris kvlav eklesiis wiaRSi<br />

dabrunebas, rac mxolod da mxolod<br />

patriarqis udidesi ZalisxmeviTa da<br />

pirovnuli magaliTiT gaxda SesaZlebeli.<br />

yvelasTvis cnobilia, Tu ra mniSvneloba<br />

hqonda Cveni eklesiisa da erisaTvis<br />

Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis<br />

dafuZnebas, romlis gareSec warmoudgeneli<br />

iqneboda qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo<br />

azrovnebis aRorZineba da ganviTareba,<br />

an, Tundac, _ gelaTis akademiis<br />

amoqmedebas, gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis dafuZnebas; sasuliero saswavleblebisa<br />

da samrevlo skolebis<br />

gaxsnas qveynis sxvadasxva regionSi;<br />

eklesia-monastrebis aRdgenasa da aRm-<br />

Seneblobas; eparqiebis gamravlebasa<br />

da axali mRvdelmTavrebis kurTxevas;<br />

axali wmindanebis kanonizacias;<br />

saRvTismetyvelo literaturis gamocemas;<br />

sapatriarqoSi sxvadasxva umniSvnelovanesi<br />

samsaxuris Seqmnas, rac<br />

miznad isaxavs eklesiis aRorZinebas;<br />

wmida samebis taZris agebas, rac erTgvari<br />

gvirgvinia saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

moRvaweobisa.<br />

erTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

rom gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />

hqonda sulierebis, kulturisa da mecnierebis<br />

aRorZinebisa da ganviTarebis<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

saerTaSoriso saqvelmoqmedo<br />

fondis dafuZnebas.<br />

rogorc uwmidesi patriarqi Tavis<br />

erT-erT epistoleSi aRniSnavs: `saqarTvelo<br />

mxolod maSin gadarCeba da daimkvidrebs<br />

Rirseul adgils ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi,<br />

Tu igi Tavis tradiciebze dayrdnobiT<br />

Seqmnis Tanamedrove teqnologiebsa da<br />

miRwevebze dafuZnebul qarTul saxelmwifos.<br />

am orive pirobis Sesruleba<br />

metad mniSvnelovania Cveni arsebobisa<br />

da Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. Tundac<br />

erT-erTi maTganis mokleba umZimesi<br />

Sedegis momtani iqneba qveynisaTvis~<br />

(saaRdgomo epistole. 23 aprili,<br />

2006 weli).<br />

patriarqis fondi dafuZnda 2005<br />

wlis 8 Tebervals, samebis sakaTedro

taZarSi, rodesac wmida eklesia da<br />

sruliad saqarTvelo sazeimod aRniSnavdnen<br />

daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis<br />

dRes.<br />

misma uwmidesobam am dResTan dakavSirebiT<br />

sagangebod aRniSna: `dRes<br />

aris gansakuTrebuli, istoriuli<br />

dRe. dRes fuZndeba sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis fondi,<br />

romelsac didi mniSvneloba eqneba<br />

saqarTvelosaTvis. es iqneba is fondi,<br />

romlis saqmianobaSic monawileobis<br />

miReba SeeZleba nebismier adamians,<br />

miuxedavad misi religiuri da<br />

erovnuli kuTvnilebisa. es iqneba is<br />

fondi, romelic Zalisxmevas ar dai-<br />

Surebs, raTa ganamtkicos erovnuli da<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba; Cven unda<br />

vicodeT vina varT, vin viyaviT an vin<br />

unda viyoT...<br />

es fondi izrunebs ara marto sulierebis<br />

ganmtkicebisTvis, aramed<br />

kulturisa da mecnierebis aRorZinebisa<br />

da ganviTarebisTvis, rasac udidesi<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos momavlisaTvis.<br />

amitom, Cven gveqneba Zalian<br />

mWidro kavSiri Cvens mecnierebaTa akademiasTan,<br />

Cvens universitetebTan,umaRles<br />

saswavleblebTan da yvelafers<br />

gavakeTebT imisaTvis, rom mecnierebs<br />

davexmaroT. magram mTavari mainc is<br />

aris, rom erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

azrovneba ganmtkicdes CvenSi.~<br />

bunebrivia, fondis dafuZnebasTan<br />

87<br />

erTad Seiqmna debuleba, romelSic<br />

gaTvaliswinebul iqna yvela mniSvnelovani<br />

sakiTxi, rac uSualod ukav-<br />

Sirdeba fondis muSaobis organizaciasa<br />

da struqturas. fondis saqmianobas,<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

TavmjdomareobiT,warmarTavs<br />

mmarTveli sabWo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

Sedian: sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposi,<br />

mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe), mwerali<br />

guram doCanaSvili, saqarTvelos<br />

saxalxo artisti anzor erqomaiSvili,<br />

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori rusudan<br />

lorTqifaniZe, akademikosi SoTa<br />

nadiraSvili, saqarTvelos saxalxo<br />

artisti, kompozitori biZina kvernaZe,<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis prezidenti Tamaz gamyreliZe,<br />

akademikosi daviT musxeliSvili, xuTgzis<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio da qalTa olimpiadebis<br />

TerTmetgzis Cempioni WadrakSi nona<br />

gafrindaSvili, kavSiri `nacionaluri<br />

lobis~ xelmZRvaneli giorgi andriaZe,<br />

mxatvari rusudan fetviaSvili, xelovnebaTmcodne<br />

rusudan yenia.<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisadmi<br />

xelSewyoba da Tanadgoma fondis moRvaweobis<br />

umTavres prioritetad miiCnia<br />

da, Sesabamisad, yoveli warmodgenili<br />

proeqtis ganxilvisas mxedvelobaSi<br />

miiReba is, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania<br />

ama Tu im proeqtis ganxorcieleba<br />

sulierebis, kulturisa da mecnierebis<br />

ganviTarebisTvis. sxdomebs, romlebic<br />

TveSi erTxel imarTeba, Tavad kaTolikos-partiarqi<br />

warmarTavs, romelic<br />

ama Tu im proeqtis safuZvliani ganxilvis<br />

Semdgom,mmarTveli sabWos wevrebTan<br />

erTad iRebs gadawyvetilebas misi<br />

dafinansebis Sesaxeb. saWiroebis Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

sabWos sxdomaze iwvevs mxardaWerili<br />

proeqtebis avtorebs, raTa<br />

Tavad maTgan moisminos amomwuravi<br />

informacia proeqtis mizandasaxulobisa<br />

da misi ganxorcielebis saSualebebis<br />

Sesaxeb. patriarqis fondTan arsebobs<br />

droebiTi komisiebi, romlebic<br />

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi fondis mmarTvel<br />

sabWos uzrunvely<strong>of</strong>en kompetenturi<br />

rekomendaciebiTa da daskvnebiT.<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

saTanadod Seafasa qveyanaSi arsebuli<br />

umwvavesi viTareba, rac narkomanias<br />

ukavSirdeba da mis winaaRmdeg brZola<br />

fondis erT-erT umTavres prioritetad<br />

gamoacxada.<br />

am mizniT, d. uznaZis fsiqologiis<br />

institutis mecnierTa jgufis mier es<br />

sakiTxi mecnierulad iqna Seswavlili.

aseve garkveuli samuSao Sesrulda narkomaniis<br />

mimarT sazogadoebis damokidebulebis<br />

gamosavlenad (2005 w.).<br />

kvlevis monacemebze dayrdnobiT<br />

SemuSavda sazogadoebaSi antinarkotikuli<br />

ganwyobis Seqmnis gegma da Seiqmna<br />

fondTan arsebuli antinarkotikuli<br />

centri (2006 w.), romlis umTavres amocanas<br />

warmoadgens narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolis prevenciuli midgomebis<br />

kvleva da ganxorcieleba.<br />

amave programis farglebSi Tbilisis<br />

Taboris mTaze mdebare `feriscvalebisa~<br />

da marty<strong>of</strong>is `yovelTa wmida-<br />

Tas~ monastrebis daxmarebiT daarsda<br />

qimiur nivTierebebze damokidebulebis<br />

mqone pirTa narkologiuri fsiqosareabilitacio<br />

centrebi (2006 w.).<br />

fondis muSaoba am kuTxiT sul<br />

ufro da ufro kvalificiuri da<br />

masStaburi xdeba.<br />

fondis xelSewyobiTa da dafinansebiT<br />

aRdga qarTuli Jurnalebis:<br />

`ciskaris~, `mnaTobisa~ da `literatura<br />

da xelovnebis~ gamocema; dafinansda<br />

mravali samecniero,literaturuli,<br />

istoriuli, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi Tu<br />

avtobiografiuli xasiaTis wigni da<br />

gamocema, maT Soris:<br />

_ axalgazrda mecnieris irakli gunias<br />

wigni `saqarTvelos monastrebi~;<br />

_ Rvawlmosili mecnieris mixeil<br />

gafrindaSvilis fundamenturi naSromi<br />

`qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis<br />

istoria~;<br />

_ pr<strong>of</strong>esor vaxtang jobaZis naSromi<br />

`adreuli Sua saukuneebis qar-<br />

Tuli monastrebi istoriul taoSi,<br />

klarjeTsa da SavSeTSi~;<br />

_ mweral SoTa xodaSnelis wigni<br />

`moqandake, restavratori – karlo bakuraZe~;<br />

_ pr<strong>of</strong>esor amiran arabulisa da<br />

eTer TaTaraiZis wigni-albomi `SendobiT<br />

momixsenieT~;<br />

_ wigni _ `Seni ca, ana~, romelic<br />

eZRvneba cnobili qarTveli poetis ana<br />

kalandaZis 80 wlis iubiles.<br />

88<br />

_ mayvala berianiZis wigni _ `gul-<br />

Si dateuli didi saqarTvelo~. wigni<br />

warmoadgens saqarTvelos istorias<br />

bavSvebisaTvis (5 nawilad).<br />

fondis TanadgomiT gamomcemloba<br />

`xelovnebam~ dabeWda trilogiis<br />

pirveli wigni _ `saqarTvelos sulieri<br />

saganZuri~, romelSic warmodgenilia<br />

saqarTveloSi arsebuli eklesia-monastrebis<br />

istoria da maTi mniSvneloba<br />

Cveni kulturisa da sulierebisTvis.<br />

naSromi gamoica qarTul da inglisur<br />

enebze.<br />

fondis erT-erTi mTavari prioritetia<br />

kulturuli TanamSromloba<br />

ucxoeTSi mcxovreb Cvens TanamemamuleebTan.<br />

am programis farglebSi:<br />

_ Caiwera lazuri folkloruli<br />

simRerebis pirveli kompaqt-diski;<br />

_ dafinansda qarTuli delegaciis<br />

gamgzavreba istoriul lazur qalaq<br />

arqabSi (TurqeTi) gamarTul folklorul<br />

festivalze, sadac pirvelad<br />

aJRerda sapatriarqos radio `iveriis~<br />

studiaSi Cawerili axali lazuri sim-<br />

Rerebi;<br />

_ daarsda kulturuli centri<br />

da sastumro saxli fereidneli qarTvelebisaTvis.<br />

fondi did yuradRebas uTmobs<br />

qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa<br />

da energetikuli usafrTxoebisaTvis<br />

aucilebeli proeqtebis mecnierulad<br />

damuSavebasa da momzadebas. am mizniT,<br />

fondTan Seiqmna `navTobisa da gazis~<br />

droebiTi komisia, romelic muSaobs<br />

saqarTvelos navTobisa da gazis<br />

saZiebo da mompovebeli dargis ganvi-<br />

Tarebis erovnuli programis SemuSavebaze.<br />

patriarqis fondi yovelwliurad<br />

atarebs did saerTaSoriso festivals<br />

_ `aRdgomidan amaRlebamde,~ romlis<br />

mizania axalgazrdobis daintereseba<br />

qarTuli da ms<strong>of</strong>lio klasikuri xelovnebiT,<br />

ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvel<br />

xelovanTa da qarTuli kulturiT

dainteresebul ucxoel Semsrulebel-<br />

Ta Semoqmedebis popularizaciiT saqarTveloSi.<br />

2006 wels sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis fondTan daarsda<br />

qarTuli sagaloblisa da xalxuri<br />

simReris saerTaSoriso centri,<br />

romlis mizania lotbarebis momzadeba,<br />

samgaloblo saswavleblebisa da<br />

folkloruli centrebis daarseba da<br />

qarTuli kulturis popularizacia<br />

sazRvargareT.<br />

fondi aqtiurad monawileobs qveynis<br />

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisa<br />

da gadarCenis saqmeSi.<br />

fondma daafinansa saxelmwifo saistorio<br />

arqivSi daculi, XII_XIII saukuneebiT<br />

daTariRebuli,erT-erTi uZvelesi<br />

qarTuli xelnaweri Zeglis – an-<br />

Cis saxarebis (oTxTavi) restavracia.<br />

fondi aqtiurad TanamSromlobs<br />

sxvadasxva qarTul da saerTaSoriso<br />

telemauwyebelTan; misi patronaJiTa<br />

da dafinansebiT safuZveli Caeyara<br />

sxvadasxva saswavlo-SemecnebiT teleproeqts;<br />

dafinansda sxvadasxva Janris<br />

satelevizio-dokumenturi filmi,<br />

maT Soris, saxelmwifoTaSorisi teleradiokompania<br />

`mir~-is saqarTvelos<br />

warmomadgenlobis mier warmodgenili<br />

proeqti _ `eris sulieri aRorZineba~;<br />

fondis aqtiuri mxardaWeriT mauwyeblobs<br />

damoukidebeli qarTuli<br />

telekompania `iveria~.<br />

fondi zrunavs gamoCenil da axalgazrda<br />

qarTvel mxatvarTa Semoqmedebis<br />

popularizaciaze. am programis<br />

farglebSi moewyo mxatvar reno<br />

Turqias dabadebis 80 wlisTavisadmi<br />

miZRvnili saRamo da ferweruli da<br />

grafikuli namuSevrebis gam<strong>of</strong>ena.<br />

agreTve, periodulad tardeba Tematuri<br />

niSniT Seqmnili sabavSvo naxatebis<br />

gam<strong>of</strong>ena-konkursi.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT fondi<br />

aqtiurad muSaobs demografiuli<br />

problemis mogvarebisaTvis saWiro<br />

erovnuli programis Seqmnaze. programis<br />

amoqmedeba dagegmilia 2008 wlis<br />

dasawyisisTvis.<br />

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom fondSi, sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan,<br />

xSirad ikribebian qarTveli<br />

mecnierebi, mwerlebi, xelovnebisa da<br />

kulturis muSakebi, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi,<br />

sadac msjeloben sxvadasxva<br />

mniSvnelovan sakiTxze; gansakuTrebuli<br />

yuradReba eTmoba afxaze-<br />

Tisa da cxinvalis regionis Temas da<br />

im gzebis Ziebas, romlebic aRadgens<br />

Cveni xalxebis mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas<br />

erTian saxelmwifoSi.<br />

misi uwmidesobis iniciativiT<br />

fondSi xSirad imarTeba saintereso<br />

ideebisa da naSromebis prezentacia,<br />

romelic sazogadoebisa da mediis did<br />

dainteresebas iwvevs.<br />

fondis yoveldRiur saqmianobasa da<br />

gamarTul funqcionirebas, mmarTveli<br />

sabWos gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebas<br />

da fondis mier gacemuli grantebis<br />

miznobriv xarjvaze kontrols uzrunvely<strong>of</strong>s<br />

fondis samdivno, romelsac<br />

xelmZRvanelobs aRmasrulebeli mdivani.<br />

fonds finansur mxardaWeras uweven<br />

qarTveli da ucxoeli mecenatebi.<br />

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia fondisadmi<br />

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mier<br />

gaweuli finansuri mxardaWera.<br />

darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />

fondma qarTveli sazogadoebriobis<br />

didi ndoba da Tanadgoma moipova, rac,<br />

bunebrivia, ganpirobebulia imiT, rom<br />

misi Tavmjdomare Tavad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia meorea, romelic udidesi<br />

avtoritetiT sargeblobs ara marto<br />

Tavis samSobloSi – saqarTveloSi,<br />

aramed mTel marTlmadideblur samyaroSi.<br />

ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos,<br />

rom saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis<br />

saWeTmpyroblis locva-kurTxeviT<br />

fonds hyavs uaRresad kompetenturi<br />

mmarTveli sabWo, romlis Semadgenlo-<br />

89

aSic Cveni inteligenciis TvalsaCino<br />

warmomadgenlebi arian. fonds samomavlod<br />

Zalian mniSvnelovani miznebi<br />

aqvs dasaxuli, romelTa ganxorcielebac,<br />

vfiqrobT, didad Seuwyobs xels<br />

saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobas, sulierebis,<br />

kulturisa da mecnierebis<br />

Semdgom aRorZinebasa da ganviTarebas.<br />

imedi gvaqvs, rom RvTis madliT,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi patriarqis sibrZniTa<br />

da saqarTvelos mosaxleobis<br />

SewevniT fondis saqmianoba momavalSi<br />

kidev ufro warmatebuli iqneba, rac,<br />

uTuod, gulisxmobs qarTuli saxelmwifosa<br />

da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

eklesiisadmi Tanadgomas.<br />

90

joni xecuriani<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II<br />

da konstituciuri SeTanxmeba<br />

XX saukunis miwurulsa da XXI<br />

saukunis damdegs, mesame aTaswleulis<br />

mijnaze, saqarTveloSi momxdarma umniSvnelovanesma<br />

movlenebma didi gavlena<br />

iqonia qarTveli eris politikur,ekonomikur,kulturul<br />

da sulier<br />

cxovrebaze. qveyanam aRidgina dakarguli<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba<br />

da Tavis bunebriv mdgomareobas<br />

daubrunda – gaagrZela qarTuli<br />

saxelmwifoebriobis samiaTaswlovani<br />

tradicia. amasTanave, Seudga demokratiuli,<br />

samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos<br />

mSeneblobas.<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobis ur-<br />

Tules problemebTan erTad gadasawyveti<br />

iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis, agreTve sxva religiuri<br />

organizaciebis samarTlebrivi<br />

mdgomareobis, saxelmwifos da eklesiis<br />

urTierTobis, rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis<br />

Tavisuflebis sakanonmdeblo<br />

reglamentaciis sakiTxebi.<br />

Tanamedrove etapze am sakiTxebis<br />

gadawyveta TiTqos ioli saqme unda<br />

y<strong>of</strong>iliyo, radganac sayovelTaodaa<br />

cnobili rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis<br />

sferoSi adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi<br />

da religiuri organizaciebis<br />

Tanasworuflebianobis saerTaSoriso<br />

samarTlebrivi standartebi. bunebrivia,<br />

demokratiuli, samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos<br />

mSenebloba moiTxovda, uwinares<br />

yovlisa, swored am sayovelTaod<br />

97<br />

aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi<br />

normebisa da principebis gadmoRebas<br />

nacionalur kanonmdeblobaSi.<br />

magram, amasTanave, gasaTvaliswinebeli<br />

iyo qarTuli saxelmwifos istoriuli<br />

gamocdileba da qarTveli eris<br />

tradiciebi.<br />

qarTveloba uZvelesi qristiani<br />

marTlmadidebeli eria. saqarTvelos<br />

mosaxleobis didi umravlesoba marTlmadidebeli<br />

qristiania, Tumca qristianuli<br />

sarwmunoebis mniSvneloba qarTvelobisaTvis<br />

mxolod morwmune mrevlis<br />

raodenobiT rodi ganisazRvreba.<br />

qristianulma marTlmadideblobam Camoayaliba<br />

mravalsaukunovani qarTuli<br />

kultura, erovnuli ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedveloba<br />

da faseulobebi. rogorc ilia WavWavaZe<br />

werda: „qristianobam Segvinaxa Cven<br />

Cveni miwa-wyali, Cveni ena, Cveni vinaoba,<br />

Cveni erovneba... qristianoba niSnavda<br />

mTels saqarTvelos... niSnavda qarTvelobas...<br />

qarTveli da qristiani erTisa<br />

da imave mniSvnelobis sityvebi arian.” <br />

qristianuli sarwmunoebis aseTi mniSvneloba<br />

qarTveli erisTvis Sedegi iyo<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesiis TavauRebeli moRvaweobisa,<br />

romelic mudam erovnul niadagze<br />

idga da udides rols asrulebda saqarTvelos<br />

damoukidebeli saxelmwifos<br />

ilia WavWavaZe. qarTveli eri da Rvawli wm.<br />

ninosi. _ wignSi: naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo.<br />

wigni I, Tbilisi, 2003 w., gv. 40.

Camoyalibebis, qarTveli eris fizikuri<br />

da sulieri gadarCenisTvis brZolis<br />

istoriul procesSi. Tamamad SeiZleba<br />

iTqvas, rom qarTuli civilizaciis<br />

mTavari safuZveli swored rom mar-<br />

Tlmadidebloba iyo. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II brZanebs: „bevri<br />

ram, riTac amayobs Cveni eri literaturis,<br />

arqiteqturisa da xelovnebis sxva<br />

sferoSi, qristianuli sulierebisa da<br />

civilizaciis safuZvelze Seiqmna.” <br />

swored amitom iyo,rom istoriulad<br />

qristianuli marTlmadidebloba saqarTveloSi<br />

saxelmwifo religia iyo. es<br />

periodi yvelaze xangrZlivia da mraval<br />

saukunes iTvlis.<br />

me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTis<br />

imperiis mier saqarTvelos aneqsias<br />

Sedegad mohyva qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis<br />

gauqmeba da saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

dakargva. Cveni saxelovani winaprebis,<br />

TvalsaCino sasuliero da saero<br />

moRvaweebis, mTeli qarTuli sazogadoebis<br />

erToblivi mecadineobiTa da<br />

ZalisxmeviT 1917 wels saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebelma eklesiam aRidgina<br />

avtokefalia. ruseTis imperiaSi qar-<br />

Tuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena<br />

ara mxolod Cveni eklesiisTvis warTmeuli<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis uflebis xelaxla<br />

mopovebas niSnavda, aramed gareSe<br />

Zalebis mier gauqmebuli qarTuli<br />

saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis dasawyiss<br />

moaswavebda. marTlac, 1918 wlis 26<br />

maiss saqarTvelom saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

damoukidebloba moipova da demokratiuli<br />

respublikis formiT Camoyalibda.<br />

demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobasa<br />

da parlamentSi umravlesobas socialdemokratebi<br />

Seadgendnen, romelTa<br />

socialisturi ideologia aTeistur<br />

principebs eyrdnoboda da, bunebrivia,<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiisadmi keTilganwyobili<br />

ver iqneboda. saqarTvelos<br />

ix. naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo, wigni I,<br />

Tbilisi, 2003 w., gv. 502.<br />

pirveli respublikis konstituciiT<br />

(1921 w.), arc erT sarwmunoebas ar mieni-<br />

Wa upiratesoba, saxelmwifo da eklesia<br />

gancalkevebul subieqtebad aRiares.<br />

manamde, 1918 wlis 26 noembris kanoniT<br />

gaauqmes saRvTo sjulis swavleba da<br />

saRvTo sjulis maswavleblis Tanamdeboba<br />

„yoveli tipisa da safexuris<br />

saxazino da kerZo uflebian skolaSi.”<br />

1919 wlis 17 ivnisis kanoniT ki uqme<br />

dReTa CamonaTvalidan amoiRes sauflo<br />

dResaswaulebi. samagierod, samoqalaqo<br />

uqme dReebad gamoacxades ruseTis<br />

didi revoluciis pirveli dRe<br />

– 12 marti da internacionalis dResaswauli<br />

_ pirveli maisi. <br />

1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis mier<br />

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis<br />

okupaciasa da aneqsias mohyva<br />

70-wliani agresiuli aTeizmis epoqa,<br />

rodesac aTeizmi saxelmwifo ideologiis<br />

rangSi iyo ayvanili. sabWouri<br />

konstituciebiT eklesia gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili<br />

iyo saxelmwifosagan, xolo skola<br />

– eklesiisagan. am periodSi eklesia,<br />

yovelgvar samarTlebriv safuZvlebs<br />

moklebuli, ganagrZobda arsebobas.<br />

saqarTvelos revkomis 1921 wlis 15<br />

aprilis dekretiT, saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebel eklesias iuridiuli<br />

piris statusi CamoerTva. komunisturi<br />

reJimis dros sarwmunoebisadmi mtrulad<br />

ganwyobili xelisuflebisagan<br />

aunazRaurebeli vneba da ziani miadga<br />

qarTul eklesias. administraciuli<br />

wesiT daxures eklesia-monastrebis<br />

umravlesoba,bevri ki dawves,daangries<br />

an aradaniSnulebisamebr gamoiyenes,<br />

mTeli saeklesio qoneba konfiskebul<br />

iqna, xolo sasuliero pirebis didi<br />

nawili – represirebuli. <br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom eklesiis<br />

98<br />

saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis<br />

samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli. 1918-1921,<br />

Tbilisi, 1990 w., gv. 110, 197.<br />

ix. sergo vardosaniZe, 1917-1977 wlebis matiane.<br />

_ wignSi: naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo.<br />

wigni I, Tbilisi, 2003 w., gv. 476-484.

samarTlebriv mdgomareobaSi raime<br />

xelSesaxebi cvlileba ar momxdara<br />

da sabWoTa xelisufleba kvlavac<br />

ganagrZobda aTeisturi ideologiis<br />

principebis gulmodgine danergvas<br />

sazogadoebaSi,gasuli saukunis 70-iani<br />

wlebidan sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

ilia II ZalisxmeviT<br />

daiwyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis aRorZinebis rTuli procesi,<br />

romlis mizani iyo ara mxolod<br />

sakuTriv eklesiis organizaciuli da<br />

materialuri safuZvlebis ganmtkiceba,<br />

aramed qarTvel erSi „erovnuli<br />

TviT cnobis” gaRviveba, qarTuli cnobierebis<br />

dabruneba, qarTveli eris moqceva<br />

Tavisi tradiciuli religiuri<br />

da zneobrivi sawyisebisken. saqarTvelos<br />

sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi qar-<br />

Tuli eklesiis rolis gazrdam didad<br />

Seuwyo xeli am wlebSi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />

moZraobis gamoRvi-<br />

Zebasa da aRmavlobas, rac 1991 wlis<br />

9 aprils saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

damoukideblobis aRdgeniT dagvirgvinda.<br />

saxelmwifos saTaveSi mosuli<br />

erovnuli xelisufleba saqarTvelos<br />

axali konstituciis miRebamde Seudga<br />

sabWoTa saqarTvelos 1978 wlis konstituciis<br />

modernizebas. cvlileba<br />

garkveulwilad Seexo saxelmwifosa<br />

da eklesiis urTierTobas. Tu konstituciis<br />

adrindel redaqciaSi aRniSnuli<br />

iyo, rom „saqarTvelos ss respublikaSi<br />

eklesia gamoy<strong>of</strong>ilia saxelmwifosgan<br />

da skola – eklesiisagan”<br />

(50-e muxli), cvlilebebis Semdeg konstituciis<br />

es debuleba ase Camoyalibda:<br />

„saqarTvelos respublikaSi eklesia<br />

gamoy<strong>of</strong>ilia saxelmwifosgan.”<br />

konstituciuri cvlilebis azridan<br />

gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saxelmwifo<br />

da eklesia gancalkevebul,<br />

erTmaneTisgan damoukidebel subieqtebad<br />

arian miCneulni, Tumca amasve<br />

ver vityviT skolisa da eklesiis urTierTobaze.<br />

konstitucia eklesiisa da<br />

skolis urTierTobas pirdapir da<br />

imperatiulad aRar krZalavda. amis<br />

Sedegad zogierTma saswavlebelma im<br />

wlebSi Tavisi iniciativiT aRadgina<br />

saRvTo sjulis swavleba. erovnuli<br />

xelisuflebis iniciativiT, amasTanave,<br />

gauqmda qarTveli erisaTvis ucxo<br />

dResaswaulebi da aRdga tradiciuli,<br />

maT Soris sauflo dResaswaulebi,<br />

riTac xelisuflebam daadastura Tavisi<br />

keTilganwyoba eklesiis mimarT. <br />

cnobili garemoebebis gamo saxelmwifosa<br />

da eklesiis urTierTobis samar-<br />

Tlebrivi mowesrigebis RonisZiebebi<br />

maSin, samwuxarod, amiT amoiwura.<br />

1993 wlidan saqarTveloSi daiwyo<br />

konstituciuri procesi, romelic<br />

or-naxevari weli mimdinareobda ukiduresad<br />

daZabuli Sidapolitikuri<br />

viTarebis pirobebSi da romlis mizani<br />

iyo damoukidebeli saqarTvelos rigiT<br />

meore konstituciis SemuSaveba.<br />

umTavresi sakiTxi, romelic konstituciuri<br />

procesis yvela etapze cxare<br />

diskusiebis sagans warmoadgenda<br />

da mravaljer ganicada cvlileba,<br />

saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sakiTxi<br />

iyo, radganac igi uSualod iyo dakavSirebuli<br />

im periodSi xelisuflebisaTvis<br />

gaCaRebul brZolasTan. amitom<br />

man Tavisi aqtualurobiT daCrdila<br />

sxva aranakleb mniSvnelovani saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi,<br />

maT Soris saxelmwifosa<br />

da eklesiis urTierTobis<br />

konstituciur-samarTlebrivi reglamentaciis<br />

problemebi. sakonstitucio<br />

komisiaSi diskusiebi saxelmwifosa da<br />

eklesiis urTierTobis problemaze<br />

saerTod ar gamarTula, xolo qveynis<br />

ZiriTadi kanonis proeqtis TiTqmis yvela<br />

variantSi ucvlelad iyo moyvanili<br />

am sakiTxis gadawyvetis trafaretuli<br />

debulebebi: saxelmwifo da eklesia<br />

erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelia da uzrunvely<strong>of</strong>ilia<br />

rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis<br />

Tavisufleba. konstituciis<br />

99<br />

ix. daviT CikvaiZe, saeklesio samarTlis sakiix.<br />

daviT CikvaiZe, saeklesio samarTlis saki-<br />

Txebi, wigni I, Tbilisi, 2004 w., gv. 40.

proeqtis SemuSavebis daskvniT etapze<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II iniciativiT saxelmwifosa<br />

da eklesiis urTierTobis zemoaRniSnul<br />

debulebas daemata, erTi SexedviT,<br />

TiTqos deklaraciuli, magram Tavisi<br />

azriT metad mniSvnelovani winadadeba:<br />

„saxelmwifo aRiarebs qarTuli<br />

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gansakuTrebul<br />

rols saqarTvelos istoriaSi.”<br />

radganac es Canaweri qarTuli<br />

eklesiis rols retrospeqtivaSi<br />

ganixilavda, politikurad uaRresad<br />

mravalspeqtrian parlamentSi masze<br />

yuradReba ar gamaxvilebula saqarTvelos<br />

konstituciis saboloo teqstis<br />

miRebisas.<br />

amrigad, sruliad saqarTvelos ka-<br />

Tolikos-patriarqis winadadebis gaTvaliswinebiT,saqarTvelos<br />

axalma (1995<br />

wlis) konstituciam saxelmwifosa da<br />

eklesias Soris urTierTobis gansaz-<br />

Rvrisas sami umniSvnelovanesi principi<br />

daadgina:<br />

pirveli, eklesia damoukidebelia<br />

saxelmwifosgan;<br />

meore, saxelmwifo acxadebs rwmenisa<br />

da aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas;<br />

mesame, saxelmwifo aRiarebs qarTuli<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebul<br />

rols saqarTvelos istoriaSi.<br />

axlad miRebuli konstituciis ZalaSi<br />

Sesvlis Semdeg farTod gaiSala<br />

samarTalSemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba<br />

konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

100<br />

kanonebis miRebis, saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis TiTqmis<br />

yvela sferoSi sakanonmdeblo safuZvlebis<br />

Seqmnisa da moqmedi kanonmdeblobis<br />

mTeli masivis konstitucias-<br />

Tan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis mizniT.<br />

dRis wesrigSi dadga religiuri<br />

gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb kanonis miRebis<br />

sakiTxic. samTavrobo Tu arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebis mier SemuSavebuli<br />

kanonproeqtebi, rogorc wesi, erTi<br />

sakanonmdeblo aqtiT yvela religiuri<br />

gaerTianebis samarTlebrivi statusis<br />

gansazRvris mcdelobas warmoadgenda.<br />

iyo agreTve winadadebebi konfesiebis<br />

tradiciul da aratradiciul religiur<br />

gaerTianebebad day<strong>of</strong>isa da, Sesabamisad,<br />

maTi gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi<br />

reglamentaciis Sesaxeb.<br />

imTaviTve cxadi gaxda, rom erT<br />

sakanonmdeblo sibrtyeze yvela religiuri<br />

gaerTianebis samarTlebrivi<br />

mdgomareobis da maT saqmianobasTan<br />

dakavSirebuli urTierTobebis mowesrigeba<br />

ar iqneboda marTebuli. saqme<br />

isaa, rom saqarTvelos konstitucia,<br />

garda imisa,rom acxadebda rwmenisa da<br />

aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas,<br />

saxelmwifosgan eklesiis damoukideblobas,amave<br />

dros,rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,<br />

aRiarebda qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis gansakuTrebul rols<br />

saqarTvelos istoriaSi. am istoriul<br />

rols emateboda isic, rom aRorZinebuli<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia sul<br />

ufro mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda<br />

qarTveli eris sulier cxovrebaSi<br />

ara marto warsulSi, aramed dResac,<br />

Tanamedrove pirobebSi. amitom saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis es<br />

gansakuTrebuli roli da mniSvneloba<br />

moiTxovda misi samarTlebrivi reglamentaciis<br />

araordinarul gadawyvetas.<br />

amocana metad rTuli iyo, magram<br />

moiZebna istoriuli da iuridiuli<br />

TvalsazrisiT misi gadawyvetis mar-<br />

Tebuli forma. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II winadadebiT,<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesis statusis da misi samar-<br />

Tlebrivi mdgomareobis sakiTxebis<br />

gansazRvrisaTvis saxelmwifosa da<br />

eklesias, rogorc or damoukidebel<br />

subieqts Soris konstituciuri SeTanxmeba<br />

unda dadebuliyo. „saxelmwifosa<br />

da eklesias Soris urTierToba Tanamedrove<br />

etapze, _ brZanebda patriarqi, _<br />

gansxvavebul midgomas moiTxovs, rac

ganpirobebulia qveynis Sidapolitikuri<br />

mowyobiT da aseve saerTaSoriso<br />

situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />

saxelmwifosa da eklesias<br />

Soris urTierTobis yvelaze misaReb<br />

formad miCneul iqna konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmeba.” <br />

konstituciuri SeTanxmeba sruliad<br />

axali instituti iyo qarTul samar-<br />

TalSi. am SeTanxmebas konstituciuri<br />

imitom ewoda, rom misi dadebis Sesa-<br />

Zlebloba, procedurebi da subieqtTa<br />

wre mxolod saxelmwifos ZiriTadi<br />

kanoniT unda gansazRvruliyo. amasTanave,<br />

konstituciur SeTanxmebas qveynis<br />

ZiriTadi kanonis Semdeg upiratesi iuridiuli<br />

Zala eqneboda sxva samarTlebrivi<br />

aqtebis mimarT.<br />

saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris<br />

urTierTobis aseTi forma, bunebrivia,<br />

konstituciur cvlilebebs moiTxovda.<br />

2000 wels am mizniT gamoqveynebuli<br />

konstituciuri cvlilebebis kanonproeqtis<br />

ganxilva mwvave diskusiebiT<br />

warimarTa, romelSic monawileobdnen<br />

rogorc samTavrobo, ise arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebi, sasuliero Tu<br />

saero pirebi, mecnierebi, specialistebi,<br />

politikuri partiebi, umaRlesi<br />

skolebi da sxv. gamoiTqva mosazrebebi,<br />

rom konstituciuri SeTanxmebisTvis<br />

esoden maRali iuridiuli Zalis<br />

miniWeba gamoiwvevda religiuri organizaciebis<br />

Tanasworuflebianobis<br />

darRvevas, rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis<br />

Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb adamianis uflebebis<br />

Selaxvas, marTlmadideblobis<br />

saxelmwifo religiad gadaqcevas da<br />

a.S. am mosazrebebis usafuZvloba damajereblad<br />

da argumentirebulad iqna<br />

dasabuTebuli kanonproeqtis sajaro<br />

ganxilvisas. sabolood, saRma azrma<br />

gaimarjva da saqarTvelos umaRlesi<br />

aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba<br />

darwmunda konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmebis institutis SemoRebis<br />

mizanSewonilobaSi.<br />

2001 wlis 30 marts saqarTvelos<br />

konstituciaSi Setanili cvlilebebis<br />

Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa<br />

da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaliuri<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

urTierToba ganisazRvra konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmebiT.<br />

zemoaRniSnulma konstituciurma<br />

cvlilebebma sakanonmdeblo safuZveli<br />

Seqmnes saxelmwifosa da eklesias<br />

Soris konstituciuri SeTanxmebis<br />

dadebisTvis, rac ganxorcielda kidec<br />

2002 wlis 14 oqtombers. mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis<br />

sapatriarqo taZarSi konstituciur<br />

SeTanxmebas xeli moaweres<br />

saqarTvelos saxeliT saqarTvelos<br />

prezidentma da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

avtokefaliuri marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis saxeliT – sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma.<br />

xelmoweris ceremoniisas kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

ilia II aseTi sityvebiT<br />

mimarTa saqarTvelos prezidents:<br />

„bunebrivia, araerTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />

dokumentisTvis gaqvT xeli mowerili,<br />

magram vfiqrob, eris sasicocxlo interesebidan<br />

gamomdinare, es SeTanxmeba<br />

erT-erTi yvelaze gamorCeulia. uflis<br />

nebis gareSe araferi xdeba.” <br />

konstituciur SeTanxmebaSi saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />

aRiarebulia sajaro samarTlis iuridiul<br />

pirad, gansazRvrulia eklesiis<br />

uflebamosilebebi kulturulsaganmanaTleblo,<br />

Tavdacvis, iusticiis,<br />

socialuri dacvis sferoebSi, eklesiis<br />

sakuTrebad gamocxadebulia saqarTvelos<br />

mTel teritoriaze arsebuli<br />

marTlmadidebluri taZrebi, monastrebi,<br />

miwis nakveTebi, saxelmwifo dacva-<br />

Si (muzeumebSi, sacavebSi) arsebuli<br />

saeklesio saganZuri. saxelmwifo adasturebs<br />

XIX_XX saukuneebSi, saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

damoukideblobis dakargvis<br />

periodSi eklesiisaTvis materialuri<br />

ix. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 w. 18-24 oqtomberi,<br />

gv. 4.<br />

101<br />

ix. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 w. 18-24 oqtomix.<br />

sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 w. 18-24 oqtomberi,<br />

gv. 5.

da moraluri zianis miyenebis faqts<br />

da iRebs valdebulebas materialuri<br />

zianis nawilobriv kompensaciaze.<br />

konstituciuri SeTanxmeba mtkice<br />

samarTlebrivi safuZvelia saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis.<br />

masSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis<br />

Setana SesaZlebeli iqneba mxolod<br />

saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTSe-<br />

TanxmebiT. amasTanave, saxelmwifo organoebis<br />

mier konstituciuri SeTanxmebis<br />

normebisa da principebis sawinaaRmdegod<br />

gamocemul samarTlebriv<br />

aqtebs iuridiuli Zala ar eqnebaT.<br />

konstituciuri SeTanxmebis dadebas<br />

unda mohyoloda mTeli wyeba normatiuli<br />

aqtebisa, romlebic moawesrigebdnen<br />

jvrisweris saxelmwifo aRiarebis,samxedro-sajariso<br />

formirebeb-<br />

Si, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi<br />

moZRvris institutis SemoRebis, saganmanaTleblo<br />

dawesebulebebSi marTlmadidebluri<br />

sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb sagnis<br />

swavlebis, kulturuli memkvidreobis<br />

dacvisa da sargeblobis, eklesiisaTvis<br />

miyenebuli materialuri zianis<br />

kompensaciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT<br />

saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris warmoSobil<br />

urTierTobebs.<br />

miuxedavad saqarTvelos prezidentis<br />

2003 wlis 7 ianvris brZanebulebisa,<br />

samwuxarod, es sakiTxebi jerjerobiT<br />

Seuswavleli da gadauwyveteli rCeba,<br />

ris gamoc konstituciuri SeTanxmebis<br />

mniSvnelovani debulebebis amoqmedeba<br />

ferxdeba. rogorc Cans, jer kidev ar<br />

dasrulebula saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesias<br />

Soris urTierTobis momwesrigebeli<br />

sakanonmdeblo aqtebis Seqmnis procesi.<br />

vfiqrobT, am sferoSi samarTal-<br />

Semoqmedebis gaaqtiureba unda icqes<br />

Cveni sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis<br />

erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebad.<br />

amasTan dakavSirebiT, sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

ilia II brZanebs:<br />

„konstituciuri SeTanxmeba aris didmniSvnelovani<br />

nabiji da movlena. magram,<br />

amave dros, es aris mxolod ZiriTadi<br />

mimarTulebis ganmsazRvreli xelSekruleba,<br />

romlis ganxorcieleba unda<br />

moxdes saxelmwifos mxridan sxvadasxva<br />

samarTlebrivi aqtebis miRebiT.<br />

iwyeba axali etapi saxelmwifosa<br />

da eklesias Soris urTierTobisa da<br />

is yoveldRiur did Sromas moiTxovs.<br />

dRes Cven yvelam kidev ufro meti pasuxismgebloba<br />

aviReT RvTis, erTmaneTisa<br />

da sazogadoebis winaSe da es<br />

bevrs gvavalebs.” <br />

102<br />

ix. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 wlis 18-24 oqix.<br />

sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 wlis 18-24 oqtomberi,<br />

gv. 4-5.

kacisTvis ekiTxa, sad midioda, mas ki<br />

pasuxad gaeca _ romSi mivdivar mis<br />

dasapyrobado, SemkiTxveli aucileblad<br />

ifiqrebda, rom ucnauri mgzavri<br />

an Tavis gonebaze aRar iyo, an sizmars<br />

xedavda. magram Cven viciT, rom petre<br />

mociqulma pavle mociqulTan erTad<br />

marTlac daipyro uzarmazari imperiis<br />

mrisxane dedaqalaqi romi, romlis<br />

moqalaqenic gansakuTrebuli qedmaRlobiT<br />

gamoirCeodnen, da daipyro igi<br />

sityviT.<br />

SeuZlebelia, vinmes ukeT esmodes<br />

Zala sityvisa _ logosisa, vidre WeSmarit<br />

qristians, romelic Tayvans<br />

scems sityva RmerTs, ieso qristes. aqedan<br />

gamomdinare, qristiani moazrovneni<br />

gansakuTrebiT ufrTxildebodnen<br />

da pativs scemdnen saerTod sityvas<br />

da, cxadia, adamianis sulieri zrdisa<br />

da ganviTarebisaTvis sityvieri xelovnebis<br />

mniSvnelobac kargad esmodaT.<br />

maT icodnen, rom rogorc sxeuli<br />

ganmtkicebisa da moqmedebisaTvis<br />

aucileblad saWiroebs materialur<br />

sakvebs, aseve saWiroebs sazrdels sulic,<br />

romelsac misTvis WeSmaritebis<br />

sityva warmoadgens da romelic mas<br />

RmrTisa da moyvasis samsaxuris Zalas<br />

aZlevs. amasTan, ramdenadac qristianoba<br />

adamianze, romelic Semoqmedma Tavisufali<br />

nebiT daajildova, yovelgvar<br />

Zaldatanebas gamoricxavs, yvela qveyanaSi,<br />

sadac ki qristes moZRvreba gavrgvanca<br />

koplataZe<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia II saganmanaTleblo-sagamomcemlo moRvaweoba<br />

efeselTa mimarT epistoleSi pavle<br />

mociquli qristes mimdevrebs aswavlis,rogor<br />

aRiWurvon WeSmaritebis<br />

dasacavad materialur samyaroSi, sadac<br />

sulni ukeTurebisani batonoben,<br />

kerZod, farad sarwmunoebis, xolo<br />

maxvilad RmrTis sityvis gamoyenebas<br />

urCevs: `yovelsa Sina aRiReT fari<br />

igi sarwmunoebisa, romliTa SeuZloT<br />

yovelTa maT isarTa borotisaTa ganxurvebulTa<br />

daSretad. da Cafxuti igi<br />

cxovrebisaÁ daidgiT da maxvili igi<br />

sulisaÁ, romel ars sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ~<br />

(ef. 6, 16-17).<br />

marTlac, qristianul sarwmunoebas,<br />

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs WeSmariti<br />

qristianuli sarwmunoeba, Tavisi arsebobis<br />

manZilze sxva iaraRi arc gamouyenebia<br />

da arc erT qveyanaSi ZaldatanebiTa<br />

da fizikuri ganadgurebis<br />

SiSiT ar gavrcelebula. mociqulebma,<br />

mociqulTa mowafeebma da, saerTod,<br />

pirvelma qristianulma eklesiam, romelic<br />

daaxloebiT 120-mde wevrs iTvlida,<br />

macxovris moZRvreba imdroindel<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi mxolod sityvis ZaliT,<br />

qadagebiT gaavrceles. erT Tavis<br />

qadagebaSi wm. ioane oqropiri, roca<br />

qristianobis, rogorc erTdaerTi WeSmariti<br />

religiis, Sesaxeb saubrobs,<br />

msmenelebs mimarTavs, warmoidginon<br />

kaci, romelic ierusalimidan gamovida<br />

da gzas daadga mxolod joxiTa da<br />

ramdenime wigniT xelSi. vinmes rom am<br />

103

104<br />

celda, eklesia xalxSi ganaTlebis<br />

Setanas cdilobda, raTa adamianebs<br />

sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis miRebisas<br />

Tavisufali arCevanis gakeTebis<br />

SesaZlebloba miscemodaT. ase rom,<br />

qristianoba da wigniereba Tavidanve<br />

ganuy<strong>of</strong>el cnebebad iqca da qristes<br />

moZRvrebis gavrcelebas qristianuli<br />

mecnierebisa da filos<strong>of</strong>iis warmoSobac<br />

umokles droSi mohyva. saxarebis<br />

pirveli mkvlevari pavle mociquli<br />

brZandeboda, xolo pirveli qristiani<br />

filos<strong>of</strong>osi wm. mowame iustine<br />

II saukuneSi moRvaweobda. pirvelive<br />

saukuneebSi warmoiSva da Camoyalibda,<br />

agreTve, sasuliero mwerloba Tavisi<br />

mravalferovani dargebiT. amitom<br />

qristianTa sulebisaTvis gamzadebul<br />

tablas Tavidanve amSvenebda sameufo<br />

sazrdeli _ RmrTeebrivi sityva anu<br />

sasuliero mwerloba, romelic miwieri<br />

y<strong>of</strong>is moTxovnilebebiT gauxeSebuli<br />

gulebisaTvis igivea, rac zeTi<br />

Camqrali kandelisa da wvima gvalviT<br />

gaficxebuli, damskdari miwisaTvis.<br />

Cveni xalxi im erTa ricxvs ekuTvnis,<br />

romelnic, RmrTis wyalobiT,<br />

qristes naTels pirvelive saukuneSi<br />

eziarnen; meoTxe saukunidan moyolebuli<br />

ki, roca qristianoba saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadda, rCeuli<br />

Svilebis Tavdadebuli moRvaweobis<br />

Sedegad,patara saqarTvelo cdilobda<br />

mwignobrobisa da ganaTlebis saqmeSi<br />

qristianuli kulturis akvnis _ TviT<br />

bizantiis imperiisaTvisac ki ar daedo<br />

toli. amaze rogorc originaluri qarTuli<br />

sasuliero mwerloba, romelic<br />

bizantiurs mxolod raodenobrivad<br />

Tu CamorCeba, aseve sxva enebidan, upiratesad<br />

ki berZnulidan Targmnili<br />

didZali saRmrTismetyvelo literaturac<br />

metyvelebs. aqve SevniSnavT, rom<br />

Targmnili Zeglebi, rogorc qarTuli<br />

enis araCveulebriv gamomsaxvelobiT<br />

Zalas, romelic Sesabamisad misi Semqmneli<br />

xalxis azrovnebis maRal doneze<br />

miuTiTebs, aseve mTargmnelTa RmrTivsulierebasa<br />

da maRalniWierebasac<br />

adastureben.<br />

ra Tqma unda, qveyanaSi saganmanaTleblo<br />

saqmianobas ZiriTadad<br />

eklesia da misi saukeTeso moRvaweni<br />

warmarTavdnen. IX saukunidan qarTul<br />

eklesia-monastrebTan rogorc CvenSi,<br />

ise sazRvargareTac ramdenime mZlavri<br />

saliteraturo skola Seiqmna. taoklarjeTsa<br />

Tu sinisa da aTonis mTaze<br />

moRvawe qarTveli mwignobari berebi,<br />

romelTac kargad esmodaT, rom qveynis<br />

simtkicis upirvelesi burji swori<br />

sarwmunoeba da masze dafuZnebuli<br />

maRali zneoba iyo, dResa da Rames asworebdnen,<br />

raTa qarTvelTa sulier<br />

tablas siuxve da mravalferovneba ar<br />

mohkleboda.<br />

samwuxarod,jer XIII saukuneSi mon-<br />

Rolebis Semosevam, xolo Semdeg, XV<br />

saukuneSi bizantiis imperiis dacemam,<br />

ris Sedegadac qarTuli saxelmwifo<br />

mahmadianur zRvaSi Cakarguli patara<br />

kunZuli aRmoCnda, es gacxovelebuli<br />

kulturul-saganmanaTleblo moRvaweoba<br />

karga xniT SeaCera. bunebrivia,<br />

sulieri sazrdelis moklebam Cvens<br />

erovnul saxesac da zneobasac Tavisi<br />

mZime daRi daasva. amitomac erisa<br />

da qveynis bedze dafiqrebulma mamuliSvilebma<br />

qristianul samyarosTan<br />

dasakavSireblad axali gzebis Zieba<br />

daiwyes. SeuZlebelia uary<strong>of</strong>a imisa,<br />

rom miuxedavad saxelmwifoebriobisa<br />

da politikuri Tavisuflebis dakargvisa,<br />

marTlmadideblur ruseTTan<br />

SeerTebis Sedegad qarTul saRmrTismetyvelo<br />

azrovnebas, iseve rogorc<br />

saerTod qarTul mwerlobas,romelsac<br />

sxva qristianul erebTan kulturuli<br />

urTierTobis saSualeba didi xnis<br />

ganmavlobaSi warTmeuli hqonda, erTgvari<br />

aRorZineba daetyo; samwuxarod,<br />

es procesi ruseTis qristianuli imperiis<br />

ZaliT damxobam da mis nangrevebze<br />

aTeisturi imperiis Seqmnam Sewyvita,<br />

romelmac Tavi uwinaresad sarwmunoebisa<br />

da eklesiis devniT gamoiC-

105<br />

ina. calke saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi<br />

mahmadianTa TareSiTa da calke XIX<br />

saukuneSi aTeisturi mecnierebisa da<br />

filos<strong>of</strong>iis zegavleniT Seryeul rwmenas<br />

Cvens qveyanaSi mZime gansacdelis<br />

Jami daudga. marTalia, eklesiam arseboba<br />

saswaulebrivad SeinarCuna, magram<br />

mas misi erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqcia<br />

_ saganmanaTleblo-sagamomcemlo<br />

saqmianobis warmarTva ZaliT waarTves,<br />

xolo sasuliero literaturis Seqmna-Targmnasa<br />

da gamocemaze laparakic<br />

ar SeiZleboda.<br />

am TvalsazrisiT viTareba ukeTesisaken<br />

gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebis<br />

miwurulSi Seicvala, roca saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesias saTaveSi<br />

axlad aRsaydrebuli patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Caudga.<br />

ramdenadac qristes mimdevrebad<br />

ara monebi, aramed megobrebi sWirdeba<br />

(in. XV, 15), amitom misi eklesia yovelTvis<br />

gansakuTrebulad zrunavda<br />

ara mxolod moZRvarTa, aramed samwysos<br />

ganaTlebazec, raTa mas RmrTis<br />

arseboba ara mxolod intuiciurad da<br />

misi Zlierebisadmi SiSis gamo erwmuna,<br />

aramed guliT, gonebiTa da suliT, anu<br />

mTeli arsebiT Seeyvarebina (mk. XII, 30).<br />

Zalian kargad moexseneboda ra es, jer<br />

kidev saqarTvelos sapatriarqo taxtze<br />

aRsaydrebamde uwmidesis aqtiuri<br />

monawileobiT, mravali wlis iZulebi-<br />

Ti wyvetilobis Semdeg, saqarTveloSi<br />

pirveli sasuliero saminaria gaixsna<br />

mcxeTaSi, romlis pirveli reqtoric<br />

TviTon brZandeboda; xolo 1988 wels,<br />

rva saukunis Semdeg, Cvens qveyanaSi<br />

pirvelad amoqmedda sasuliero akademia<br />

TbilisSi, romelsac kaTolikospatriarqma<br />

miznad gelaTis saxelovani<br />

akademiis saukeTeso tradiciebis aRdgena-gagrZeleba<br />

dausaxa. Tbilisis<br />

sasuliero seminariasa da akademias,<br />

garda ganswavluli moZRvrebis momzadebisa,<br />

uwinaresad RmrTismetyvelebis<br />

yvelaze aqtualur sakiTxebze muSaobac<br />

evaleboda, raTa is udidesi sulieri<br />

saunje, romelic winaprebma Cveni<br />

tragikuli istoriis qartexilebs gamoatares<br />

da Seuryvnelad Semogvinaxes<br />

_ WeSmariti rwmena _ marTlmadidebloba,<br />

sxvadasxva religiis ideolog-<br />

Ta faruli Tu aSkara mtrobisagan daecva.<br />

am Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma axalgaxsnili<br />

akademiis pedagogebad qarTuli mecnierebis<br />

moRvaweni moiwvia.<br />

akademiaSi sami _ RmrTismetyvelebis,<br />

qristianuli anTropologiisa<br />

da qristianuli xelovnebaTmcodneobis<br />

fakulteti da ramdenime kaTedra<br />

daarsda: RmrTismetyvelebis, saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis istoriis, religiaTmcodeobis,<br />

qarTuli literaturisa da<br />

xelovnebaTmcodneobis. akademiasTan<br />

Seiqmna, agreTve, saRmrTismetyvelo,<br />

dekoratiuli mebaReobisa da ekologiisa<br />

da samedicino institutebi, romlebSic<br />

vaJebTan erTad gogonebic<br />

swavloben da SerCeul pr<strong>of</strong>esias euflebian.<br />

Tbilisis sasuliero akademiasa<br />

da seminariasTan funqcionirebs, aseve,<br />

xatweris, qargvis da galobis Semswavleli<br />

skolebi, sadac yvela msurvels,<br />

visac amis Sesaferisi monacemebi aqvs,<br />

SeuZlia, RmrTisgan mimadlebuli niWi<br />

ganaviTaros da arCeul saqmes moaxmros.<br />

calke saubris Temaa kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

rogorc reqtoris (ramdenime<br />

welia igi Tbilisis sasuliero<br />

akademiisa da seminariis reqtori<br />

brZandeba) damokidebuleba pr<strong>of</strong>esormaswavleblebsa<br />

da studentebTan. misi<br />

gulisxmiereba marTlac gansacvifrebelia.<br />

igi cdilobs yuradRebis gareSe<br />

aravin datovos da mzrunveloba<br />

da siTbo yovel maTgans agrZnobinos.<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis pedagogiur<br />

moRvaweobas safuZvlad udevs rwmena<br />

imisa, rom maswavlebelsa da moswavles,<br />

studentsa da pr<strong>of</strong>esors Soris<br />

urTierTobas siyvaruli da urTierTpativiscema<br />

unda gansazRvravdes da

ara pedagogTa mxridan sakuTari upiratesobis<br />

warmoCena, xolo axalgazrdobis<br />

mxridan SiSi da sakuTari arasrulfasovnebis<br />

SegrZneba. amitomac<br />

misi yoveli mobrZaneba akademiasa da<br />

seminariaSi rogorc studentebis, ise<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>esor-maswavleblebisTvisac dResaswaulad<br />

iqceva xolme.<br />

sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da ni-<br />

Wierebis warmosaCenad kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

axalgazrdebs xSirad avalebs<br />

TxzulebaTa daweras sxvadasxva problemur<br />

sakiTxze da Semdeg pedagogTa<br />

da studentTa TandaswrebiT yuradRebiT<br />

ismens, rac axalgazrdebisaTvis<br />

ara mxolod pativs, aramed Semdgomi<br />

muSaobisaTvis udides stimulsac warmoadgens.<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ZalisxmeviT akademiisa da seminariis<br />

studentebs saSualeba miecaT Tavian-<br />

Ti SemoqmedebiTi Zalebi sakuTar JurnalSi<br />

mosinjon.<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

saganmanaTleblo moRvaweoba mxolod<br />

religiur sferos ar moicavs.<br />

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tbilisis sasuliero<br />

akademiasTan misi kurTxeviT<br />

dekoratiuli mebaReobisa da ekologiis<br />

da samedicino institutebi gaixsna,<br />

xolo am bolo dros misi uwmidesoba<br />

aqtiurad iRvwis marTlmadidebluri<br />

universitetis dasafuZneblad,<br />

romelSic qarTveli axalgazrdebi<br />

humanitarul mecnierebebTan er-<br />

Tad sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebsac<br />

Seiswavlian.<br />

aRsaydrebidan umokles droSi, 1978<br />

wels sapatriarqoSi, romelsac manamde<br />

mxolod saeklesio kalendris gamocemis<br />

ufleba hqonda, uwmidesis ZalisxmeviT<br />

sagamomcemlo gany<strong>of</strong>ileba<br />

Seiqmna da gamosvla daiwyo sapatriarqos<br />

periodulma beWdviTma organom<br />

_ Jurnalma `jvari vazisa~. am faqt-<br />

Tan dakavSirebiT warmoTqmul qadagebaSi<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi madlobas<br />

swiravda RmerTs, romelmac is<br />

saqme aRasrulebina, mravali aTeuli<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi Taobebis fiqrisa<br />

da zrunvis sagans rom Seadgenda. Jurnalma,<br />

romelSic Cveni eklesiis istoriis,<br />

saSinao cxovrebis amsaxveli<br />

masalebi sistematurad ibeWdeboda,<br />

eklesiisa da sazogadoebis daaxloebis<br />

saqmeSi Tavisi roli udavod Seasrula.<br />

80-ian wlebSi gamoica, agreTve,<br />

ramdenime saRmrTismetyvelo krebuli,<br />

romlebSic, sxva rom yvelafers Tavi<br />

davaneboT, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero<br />

mwerlobis ramdenime sayuradRebo Zegli<br />

daibeWda.<br />

1989 wels sapatriarqom dabeWda qarTul<br />

enaze Sesrulebuli bibliis axali<br />

Targmani, aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli<br />

da axali aRTqmis wignebis Targmnis<br />

process,miuxedavad mouclelobisa,Tavad<br />

misi uwmidesoba zedamxedvelobda.<br />

igi piradad xvdeboda mTargmnelebs da<br />

wmida werilis teqstSi CawvdomisaTvis<br />

mraval sayuradRebo rCevasac aZlevda.<br />

SesaZlebelia, am axali Targmanis<br />

mimarT mkiTxvels SeniSvnebi gauCndes,<br />

magram im faqtis uary<strong>of</strong>a, rom misi gamocemiT<br />

mainc didi saqme gakeTda, ar<br />

SeiZleba. marTalia,RmrTismsaxurebaSi<br />

Zveli qarTuli Targmani darCa, magram<br />

mkiTxvelTa farTo wrem misTvis gasageb<br />

Tanamedrove qarTul enaze miiRo<br />

wigni, romlis codnac aucilebelia<br />

WeSmariti ganaTlebis SesaZenad.<br />

aRsaniSnavia, rom am faqtis Semdeg<br />

sapatriarqoSi Seiqmna jgufi, romelic<br />

protopresviter giorgi gamrekelis<br />

xelmZRvanelobiT axali aRTqmis wignebis<br />

axal qarTul enaze gadmosaRebad<br />

muSaobs.<br />

1990 wlis 15 aprils, ieso qristes<br />

brwyinvale aRdgomis dRes, uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis RvawliTa da locvakurTxeviT<br />

sapatriarqos gazeTis _<br />

`madlis~ pirveli nomeri gamovida.<br />

aqve SevniSnavT, rom msgavsad Jurnalisa,<br />

gazeTsac saxelwodeba Tavad misma<br />

uwmidesobam SeurCia. rogorc Tvi-<br />

Tonve brZana, gazeTs es saxeli imisTvis<br />

ewoda, rom igi `xalxisTvis sarw-<br />

106

munoebis, sikeTis, siyvarulis, codnisa<br />

da madlis mimniWebeli y<strong>of</strong>iliyo~. gamocemidan<br />

aTi wlis Tavze Cveni eris<br />

sulieri aRirZinebisaTvis `madlis~<br />

mniSvneloba kaTolikos-patriarqma ase<br />

Seafasa: `gazeTma namdvilad gaamarTla<br />

da mizans miaRwia~. xolo, roca gazeTs<br />

TxuTmeti weli Seusrulda,brZana: moxda<br />

saswauli da gazeTma `madlma~ madli<br />

moitana saqarTveloSio. marTalac,<br />

albaT, arcTu ise didia im gazeTebis<br />

ricxvi, romelTa mier gamoqveynebul<br />

masalebze, arsebobis SedarebiT mokle<br />

droSi, ramdenime wigni daibeWda.<br />

aTeisturi mwerlobis mravalricxovani<br />

Zeglebis, fsevd<strong>of</strong>ilos<strong>of</strong>iurisa<br />

da fsevdomecnieruli wignebisaTvis,<br />

romelTac am bolo wlebSi<br />

niaRvariviT momskdari seqtanturi<br />

literaturac daemata, sapatriarqos<br />

gamomcemlobas, uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT, RmrTeebrivi<br />

swavlebis WeSmariteba da sidiade<br />

unda daepirispirebina, romelic Seqmnil<br />

qaosSi adamianebs sulis gadarCenaSi<br />

daexmareboda da Seeweoda.<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kur-<br />

Txevis Sesasruleblad gamomcemlobam<br />

upirvelesad axali aRTqmis dabeWdvaze<br />

izruna da 1995 wels mkiTxvels<br />

misi giorgi mTawmidliseuli redaqcia<br />

miawoda, romelic Cvens sinamdvileSi<br />

axali aRTqmis kritikulad dadgenili<br />

teqstis pirvel srul gamocemas warmoadgenda.<br />

igive teqsti qristeSobis<br />

oriaTasi wlis aRsaniSnavad meoredac<br />

gamoica, xolo 2003 wels mesamed daibe-<br />

Wda.<br />

saRmrTo werilis sxva wignebidan<br />

didi tiraJiT gamoica wm. mefisa da<br />

winaswarmetyvelis daviTis `fsalmunni~,romelic<br />

morwmune qristianisaTvis<br />

samagido wigns warmoadgens. aRsaniS-<br />

107<br />

navia, rom fsalmunTa yoveldRiuri<br />

kiTxvis wesis aRdgenaca da mkiTxvel-<br />

Ta jgufebis Seqmnac uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II saxels ukavSirdeba.<br />

gamomcemlobam am SemTxvevaSic fsalmunTa<br />

giorgi mTawmidliseuli Targmanis<br />

kritikulad dadgenili teqsti<br />

dabeWda, romelsac Tan eklesiis dogmaturi<br />

swavleba yovladwmida samebaze<br />

da wm. mamaTa mier daviT winaswarmetyvelis<br />

sagaloblebidan gamokrebili<br />

winaswarmetyvelebani daurTo.<br />

wmida werilis teqstebis WeSmariti<br />

Sinaarsis wvdoma rom eklesiis RmrTivganbrZnobilTa<br />

moZRvarTa mier maTTvis<br />

gakeTebuli komentarebis gareSe<br />

Wirs,es sadavo ar unda iyos. zemoTqmulis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT, misi uwmidesobis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT, gamomcemlobaSi<br />

Zv. berZnulidan iTargmna da gamoica<br />

mose winaswarmetyvelis `Sesaqmisa~ da<br />

daviTis fsalmunTa komentarebi, romelic<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio eklesiis moZRvars, wm.<br />

basili dids ekuTvnis. marTalia, Zvel<br />

qarTul mwerlobaSi basili didis<br />

`equsTa dReTac~ da `fsalmunis~ komentarebic<br />

Targmnili iyo, magram maTi<br />

Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo<br />

enaze Targmna mainc saWirod miviCnieT,<br />

raTa es saRmrTismetyvelo azrisa da<br />

metyvelebis silamaziT gamorCeuli<br />

Txzulebani mkiTxvelTa rac SeiZleba<br />

farTo wrisaTvis y<strong>of</strong>iliyo xelmisawvdomi.<br />

pirvelad iTargmna qarTul enaze<br />

netari Te<strong>of</strong>ilaqte bulgarelis maTes<br />

saxarebis komentarebi, romelic gamomcemlobam<br />

2006 wels gamosca.<br />

sasuliero saswavleblebis studenti<br />

axalgazrdobisa da,saerTod,sazogadoebis<br />

im nawilisaTvis, romelsac<br />

qristianuli moZRvrebis ZiriTadi<br />

swavlebani ainteresebs, gamomcemlobaSi<br />

iTargmna da orjer gamoica episkopos<br />

aleqsandre semionov-tianSanskis<br />

`marTlmadidebluri katexizmo~,<br />

agreTve, cnobil avtorTa TxzulebaTa<br />

safuZvelze Sedgenili saxelmZRvanelo<br />

dogmaturi RmrTismetyvelebisaTvis<br />

_ `dogmatur-istoriuli sakiTxebi~.<br />

am rigis naSromTa ricxvSi unda<br />

davasaxeloT `hagiografiis RmrTismetyvelebac~,<br />

romelic qarTuli hagio-

108<br />

grafiis Zeglebidan gamorCeuli adgilebis<br />

saRmrTismetyvelo komentarebs<br />

Seicavs da, amdenad, daxmarebas gauwevs<br />

skolebsa da umaRles saswavleblebs<br />

am teqstebis safuZvliani swavlebis<br />

saqmeSi. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia<br />

gamomcemlobaSi Targmnili da<br />

2007 wels dabeWdili sqemarqimandritis<br />

iovane maslovis `leqciebi samo-<br />

ZRvro RmrTismetyvelebaSi~, romelic<br />

seminariasa da akademiaSi aucileblad<br />

wasakiTx saswavlo disciplinaSi _<br />

samoZRvro RmrTismetyvelebaSi qar-<br />

Tul enaze pirvelad Seqmnil saxelmZ-<br />

Rvanelos warmoadgens.<br />

saRmrTismsaxuro Txzulebebidan,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis locvakurTxeviT<br />

gamomcemlobam 1996 wlis<br />

kalendarSi dabeWda kerZo msaxurebani<br />

_ mcire kurTxevani sazogado msaxurebasTan<br />

erTad, xolo 1997 wels calke<br />

gamosca gasworebuli da gamSvenebuli<br />

teqsti saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisa<br />

da episkoposTa kurTxevisa;<br />

aqve davasaxelebdiT wmindanTa savedrebel<br />

daujdomel sagaloblebsac<br />

da mravalgzis gamocemul locvebsac.<br />

calke unda aRiniSnos andria kretelis<br />

`didi kanonis~ axali qarTuli<br />

Targmani gamokvleviTurT, romelic<br />

2007 wels gamomcemlobam Tsu-is klasikuri<br />

filologiis, bizantinistikisa<br />

da neoelinistikis institutis gamomcemloba<br />

`logosTan~ erTad gamosca.<br />

qarTuli saRmrTismetyvelo skolis<br />

TavisTavadobisa da maRali donis<br />

warmosaCenad gamomcemlobaSi momzadda<br />

da daibeWda wm. gabriel episkoposis<br />

(qiqoZe) qadagebaTagan anbanur<br />

rigze dalagebuli gamokrebili swavlani,<br />

xolo 1997 wels saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis<br />

oci wlisTavisaTvis momzadda da or<br />

tomad gamoica misi uwmidesobisa da<br />

unetaresobis ilia II `epistoleni, sityvani,<br />

qadagebani~.<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis locvakurTxeviT<br />

sapatriarqos gamomcemlobas<br />

mxedvelobidan arc eklesiis<br />

istoria gamorCenia; 1998 wlis kalendarSi<br />

qarTuli eklesiis istoriis<br />

mokle kursi daibeWda, xolo 2002_04<br />

wlebis kalendrebSi zogadi eklesiis<br />

istoria. 2005 wels gamomcemlobam dabeWda<br />

`mcire saeklesio enciklopedia~,<br />

romelic qarTul enaze saeklesio enciklopediis<br />

Seqmnis gzaze pirvel gadadgmul<br />

nabijs warmoadgens.<br />

calke unda aRiniSnos wignebi,<br />

romelnic seqtantTa cru swavlebis<br />

samxileblad gamoica: `romauli ka-<br />

Tolicizmi~, `azri da ena xatebisa~<br />

(xatTa Tayvaniscemis uarmy<strong>of</strong>elTa sapasuxod),<br />

`vin arian ieRovas mowmeebi~,<br />

`ideqiT mtkiced da Seuryevelad~, _<br />

saZiebeli seqtantur swavlebaTa winaaRmdeg.<br />

seriiT _ `qarTveli wmindanebi~<br />

gamomcemlobam 2006_07 wlebSi<br />

gamosca ori SesaniSnavi krebuli, miZ-<br />

Rvnili wm. gabriel episkoposisadmi<br />

(qiqoZe) da wm. eqvTime RmrTiskacisadmi<br />

(TayaiSvili),romelnic qarTulma eklesiam<br />

wmindanebad uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

iniciativiT Seracxa. am seriiT<br />

wignebis gamocema kvlavac gagrZeldeba<br />

da mkiTxveli amgvar krebulebs<br />

sxva axlad Seracxil wmindanTa Sesaxebac<br />

miiRebs.<br />

vfiqrobT, mkiTxvelTa yuradReba<br />

da interesi ar mohklebia agreTve<br />

gamomcemlobis mier dabeWdil iseT<br />

wignebsac, rogoricaa: `ra aris marTlmadidebloba~,<br />

`kvarTi qristesi~ (qarTul,<br />

rusulsa da inglisur enebze),<br />

`jumaTis monastris siZveleebi~, `me-19<br />

saukunis qarTveli moRvaweebi da qarTuli<br />

galoba~, `mogonebani wm. ilia<br />

marTalze~, `saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

marTva-gamgeobis debuleba~, `locvani<br />

bavSvebisaTvis~, `iuliusis kalendris<br />

arsi da mniSvneloba~, `antiqristes<br />

mosvlis niSnebi~, `wm. arCil mefe~ da<br />

sxv.<br />

qristeSobis oriaTasi wlis aRsaniSnavad,<br />

sapatriarqos gamomcemlobam<br />

gamomcemloba `lazierTan~ erTad

109<br />

kedlis feradi kalendari dabeWda,<br />

romelic misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis<br />

ilia II dawerili xatebiT<br />

iyo Semkuli. kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ferwerul namuSevrebSi maTi avtoris<br />

mdidari sulieri samyaro, romelic<br />

yovelgvar amqveyniur silamazeze ama-<br />

Rlebuli mSvenierebisaken iswrafvis,<br />

kidev erTi axali aspeqtiT warmoCnda.<br />

kalendarSi uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

mier Seqmnili eqvsi xati daibeWda:<br />

ufali sabaoT, wm. mefe Tamari, solomon<br />

brZeni, yovladwmida RmrTismSobeli<br />

yrmiT, wm. didmowame giorgi da wm.<br />

didi mefe vaxtang gorgasali.<br />

yovelma kacma, visac sityvis Zala<br />

da mniSvneloba moexseneba, icis, rom<br />

misi gamoyenebisas gansakuTrebuli goniereba<br />

da sifrTxile hmarTebs. sagnis<br />

Rrma da safuZvlian codnasTan erTad<br />

es goniereba da sifrTxile miT umetes<br />

moeTxovebaT imaT, romelnic RmrTeebrivi<br />

WeSmaritebis gadmocemas anu Tavisi<br />

Zalebis mosinjvas sasuliero mwerlobaSi<br />

cdiloben. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II locva-kurTxeviT, 1995 wlidan<br />

sapatriarqos gamomcemlobasTan<br />

Seqmnilia sarecenzio sabWo, romelsac<br />

gamosacemad momzadebul TxzulebaTa<br />

recenzireba da gamocemisaTvis uflebis<br />

an grifis miniWeba evaleba.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

sabWom intensiurad imuSava<br />

da dakisrebul movaleobas Tavi<br />

gaarTva, razec sarecenziod warmodgenil<br />

naSromTa simravlec metyvelebs,<br />

romelTagan, bunebrivia, gamocemis<br />

ufleba yvelam ver miiRo. ramdenadac<br />

maTi didi nawili Targmanebs<br />

warmoadgens, gamomcemlobam Targmanis<br />

xelovnebasTan dakavSirebiT ramdenime<br />

moTxovna SeimuSava, romelTac<br />

safuZvlad qarTuli mTargmnelobi-<br />

Ti skolis mdidari gamocdileba da<br />

cnobil mecnier-mTargmnelTa Sexedulebani<br />

daedo: saTargmneli sagnis,<br />

saliteraturo (Cvens SemTxvevaSi _<br />

qarTuli) enisa da im enis kargi codna,<br />

romelzedac originalia Seqmnili.<br />

marTlac, sagnis codnis gareSe, e. i.<br />

roca mTargmnelisaTvis gaugebaria,<br />

razea saubari originalSi, sasurveli<br />

Sedegis miReba SeuZlebelia. ramdenadac<br />

mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba mecnieruli<br />

gamokvlevis erTgvari saxea,<br />

mTargmnelma teqsti unda gaSifros da<br />

xelaxla Seqmnas sxva enaze. rogorc<br />

nebismier sxva mecnierul gamokvleva-<br />

Si, romelSic obieqtTa samyaro ganixileba,<br />

aseve Targmnis drosac mxolod<br />

erTi mecnieruli strategia SeiZleba<br />

arsebobdes _ original-teqstis Taobaze<br />

hipoTezebis ageba, maTi gamokvleva,<br />

axali hipoTezebis uary<strong>of</strong>a an miReba.<br />

am process bolo ara aqvs da amitom<br />

sruliad adekvaturi Targmanis miRweva<br />

SeuZlebelia, Tumca, es ar niSnavs imas,<br />

rom amisken ar unda viswrafodeT.<br />

Targmnis xelovnebis sirTule<br />

ZiriTadad imaSi mdgomareobs, rom<br />

arc azris sizuste Seewiros enobrivi<br />

normebis dacvasa da stilis daxvewilobas<br />

da arc stilis silamaze<br />

da enobrivi normebi _ azris zustad<br />

gadmocemas. saRmrTismetyvelo literaturis<br />

mTargmnels, garda zemoCamoTvlilisa,<br />

kidev erTi umTavresi ram<br />

moeTxoveba _ WeSmariti sarwmunoeba,<br />

radgan RmrTeebrivi WeSmaritebis wvdoma<br />

mxolod da mxolod suliwmidis<br />

madliTaa SesaZlebeli.<br />

ase rom, sarecenzio sabWos SeqmniT<br />

misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis Zalisxmeva<br />

iqiTken iyo mimarTuli, rom<br />

sagamomcemlo saqmianobis gaaqtiurebasTan<br />

erTad saRmrTismetyvelo Txzulebebis<br />

swavlebaTa sizusteca da<br />

maTi gadmocemis Sesabamisi formac<br />

erTgvarad daculi y<strong>of</strong>iliyo.<br />

RmrTis wyalobiTa da misi uwmidesobis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT sapatriarqos<br />

gamomcemlobam SeZlo Tavisi<br />

mcire wvlili Seetana im codvis gamosyidvaSi,<br />

romelic Cvenma erma misTvis<br />

Tavdadebuli Svilis,wm. ilia marTlis<br />

mkvlelobiT Caidina.

ilia WavWavaZis dabadebidan 170<br />

da mkvlelobidan 100 wlis aRsaniSnavad<br />

gamomcemlobaSi momzadda da 2007<br />

wlis kalendarSi daibeWda krebuli<br />

`mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba~, romelSic<br />

Tavmoyrilia da anbanze dalagebuli<br />

wm. ilia marTlis aqamde gamoqveynebuli<br />

yvela publicisturi werilidan<br />

amokrebili erovnul-politikuri, socialuri,<br />

kulturul-zneobrivi Tu<br />

sasuliero sakiTxebi, romelTac sami<br />

cneba _ mamuli,ena da sarwmunoeba aer-<br />

Tianebs. krebuls wamZRvarebuli aqvs<br />

Tavdadebuli mamuliSvilis cxovrebisa<br />

da moqalaqeobis amsaxveli Txzuleba,<br />

romelic misi uwmidesobis kurTxeviT<br />

daiwera da wm. ilia marTlis<br />

Sesaxeb hagiografiuli nawarmoebis<br />

Seqmnis pirvel mcdelobas warmoadgens.<br />

gamomcemlobam, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

dakargvas gadaarCina saflavi ilias<br />

erTguli msaxuris, iakob TaraSvilisa,<br />

romelic 1907 wlis 30 agvistos saqarTvelosTvis<br />

nasrol tyvias pirveli<br />

Seegeba. saflavi, romelic keTilmoewyo,<br />

oriaTasi wlis or agvistos, iliaobas<br />

ikurTxa. ramdenadac, qristes<br />

moZRvrebis mixedviT, rwmenas sicocxles<br />

keTili saqme aniWebs, `sarwmunoebaÁ<br />

TÂnier saqmeTasa mkudar ars~ (iak.<br />

II, 26), vfiqrobT, gamomcemlobam am saqmis<br />

aRsrulebiT Cveni xalxis sulieri<br />

amaRlebisaTvis aranakleb izruna, vidre<br />

amas erTi kargi wignis gamocemiT<br />

gaakeTebda.<br />

pirveli sityvebi, romliTac aRdgomilma<br />

macxovarma mociqulebs<br />

mimarTa, iyo: `mSÂdoba Tquen Tana~. moexseneba<br />

ra uwmidessa da unetaress mSvidobis<br />

mniSvneloba pirovnebis Sinagani<br />

samyarosaTvis, qadagebisas xSirad<br />

Segvaxsenebs daviT winaswarmetyvelis<br />

sityvebs: `moixsene, ufalo, daviT da<br />

yoveli simSvide misi~.<br />

Cveni upirvelesi savedrebelic<br />

esaa saxieri da kacTmoyvare Semoqmedis<br />

mimarT _ yoveli qarTvelis gulSi<br />

simSvide sufevdes, rac mTlianad Cvens<br />

qveyanaSi mSvidobis sawindari gaxdeba<br />

da, bunebrivia, RmrTis sityvis samsaxurisaTvisac<br />

met Zalas mogvcems da im<br />

mraval wignsac,romelic sapatriarqos<br />

gamomcemlobaSi dasabeWdadaa gamzadebuli,<br />

misi uwmidesobis madliani<br />

locva-kurTxeviT dRis sinaTles axilvinebs.<br />

110

patriarqi da wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari<br />

Woroxis, rionisa Tu enguris Walebisaken,<br />

aramed udides ideologiur eqspansias<br />

axorcielebda, upirvelesad, islamis<br />

gavrcelebiTa da im faseuloba-<br />

Ta CvenSi damkvidrebiT, romlebic absoluturad<br />

ucxo iyo qarTveli kacis<br />

bunebisaTvis. Cveni erisTvis am gadamwyvet<br />

momentSi saqarTvelos dedaeklesia<br />

qarTuli kulturis, saukuneebiT<br />

arsebuli adaT-wesebis, cxovrebis<br />

niris qedCauxrel damcvelad iqca.<br />

swored qristianobam gvixsna erovnuli<br />

da kulturuli gadajiSebisagan.<br />

mTeli aTas xuTasi weli qristianoba<br />

im Suquras warmoadgenda, romelic<br />

CvenSi asxivebda dasavluri kulturis<br />

sxivebs. da Tu Cven saukuneebis man-<br />

Zilze evropul civilizacias viyaviT<br />

naziarebi da politikurad evropisaken<br />

vicqirebodiT, esec didwilad qristianobis<br />

damsaxureba iyo.<br />

saqarTvelos istoriaSi TiTqosda<br />

kanonzomieradaa qceuli, rom qveynis<br />

politikur aRmavlobas yovelTvis<br />

uswrebda qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis aRorZineba, erisa da beris<br />

erTianoba. igive ganmeorda XX saukunis<br />

miwurulsac.<br />

1977 wels kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II intronizaciis Semdeg dedaeklesiis<br />

roli da adgili sazogadoebriv<br />

cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovnad<br />

gaizarda. XX s-is 80-iani wlebis<br />

SuaxanebSi sabWoTa saxelmwifosa da<br />

eklesiis urTierTobaSi sagrZnobi cvlilebebi<br />

moxda. sabWoTa xelisuflejaba<br />

samuSia<br />

qarTvel xalxs dReniadag locva,<br />

Sroma da brZola uxdeboda. uTvalav<br />

mterTan dapirispirebam abjari SemogvacviTa<br />

da dagvimsxvria. ms<strong>of</strong>lio imperiebTan<br />

WidilSi ganvvleT saukuneebi<br />

da aTaswleulebi. aTasi rjulis<br />

dampyrobeli cdilobda qarTvelTa<br />

gancalkevebas, ganadgurebasa da amierkavkasiis<br />

strategiuli da mdidari<br />

regionis xelT gdebas. arabebsa Tu<br />

bizantielebs, iranelebsa Tu osmalo-<br />

Turqebs Cveni samSoblos danawevreba<br />

TavianTi pragmatuli politikis<br />

nawilad miaCndaT. ram gadagvarCina da<br />

ram gamogvatara am Savbnel epoqaSi?<br />

pasuxis gacema am SekiTxvaze advilia<br />

_ Cvenma rwmenam. da marTlac, muslimur<br />

saxelmwifoTa garemocvaSi moqceuli<br />

saqarTvelosTvis qristianoba<br />

mxolod aRmsarebloba ar gaxldaT.<br />

igi citadelad iyo Semovlebuli Cvens<br />

samSoblos da yvelaze did xandaks<br />

warmoadgenda mterTaTvis, romlis da-<br />

Zlevas verasdros axerxebdnen. qarTveluri<br />

tomebis religiuri mTlianoba<br />

iyo is balavari, romelmac saukuneebiT<br />

SeaduRaba Cveni erToba. yovelive<br />

aman ki qarTul samociqulo eklesias<br />

udidesi politikuri misia SesZina.<br />

im urTules Jams ki, rodesac saqarTvelos<br />

sazRvrebs monRolTa,iranel-<br />

Ta,TurqTa marbielni moawydnen da Cveni<br />

qveyana saTareSod aqcies, Cveni dedaeklesia<br />

darajad daudga qarTvelTa<br />

TviTSegnebas. mteri martooden xmliT<br />

rodi moiwevda alaznisa Tu mtkvris,<br />

111

am mniSvnelovnad Seasusta eklesiis<br />

Seviwroeba. komunist Tu komkavSirel<br />

aqtivistebs ukve aRar avalebdnen<br />

saeklesio dResaswaulebze eklesiis<br />

karibWesTan darajobas da imaT dasmenas,<br />

vinc wirvas eswreboda. amas daemata<br />

saqarTveloSi erovnuli moZraobis<br />

axali etapis dawyeba da xalxis masobrivi<br />

mibruneba eklesiisaken. mokle<br />

xanSi Cveni taZrebi ukve mrevls veRar<br />

itevda,saSobao Tu saaRdgomo wirvisas<br />

aTasobiT adamiani taZris mimdebare<br />

teritoriaze Tu axerxebda moxvedras.<br />

ukve naTeli gaxda,rom didi sakaTedro<br />

taZari qveynis dedaqalaqisaTvis araTu<br />

saWiro, aramed aucilebeli iyo. `wmida<br />

samebis agebis idea ar warmoiSva imisaTvis,<br />

rom didi taZari aSenebuliyo,<br />

_ ixsenebs saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

_ es azri gaCnda erTdroulad<br />

eklesiaSi da xalxSi. Cven ar vicodiT,<br />

rogor gamogvexata RvTisadmi<br />

madlierebis grZnoba. am dros daibada<br />

idea, rom unda aSenebuliyo taZari, romelic<br />

iqneboda taxti wmida samebisa~.<br />

sruliad samarTlianad uwodes wmida<br />

samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobas<br />

`saukunis mSenebloba~. momaval kaTedrals<br />

sxva datvirTvac hqonda, igi<br />

unda qceuliyo axali qarTuli saxelmwifos<br />

simbolod.<br />

dRevandeli gadasaxedidan SeiZleba<br />

iTqvas, _ rom ara misi uwmidesoba,<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

ilia II,es taZari ar aigeboda. aq ar igulisxmeba<br />

martooden ideis dabadeba.<br />

taZris proeqtirebisa da mSeneblobis<br />

nebismieri detali kaTolikos-patriarqTan<br />

Tanxmdeboda. igi iyo am udidesi<br />

saqmis sulisCamdgmeli da maorganizebeli.<br />

misi uwmidesoba kviraSi ramdenjerme<br />

adioda wm. samebis sakaTedro<br />

taZris mSeneblobaze,aTvalierebda momavali<br />

kaTeralis TiToeul detals.<br />

wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobaze<br />

misi uwmidesobis misvla araviTari<br />

pompezuri ceremonialiT ar<br />

112<br />

mimdinareobda. bevrjer saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, moulodnelad,<br />

oriode kacis TanxlebiT swvevia xara-<br />

CoebSi Casmul kaTedrals.<br />

mSeneblobaze amosul mis uwmidesobas<br />

megzurobas fondis xelmZRvaneloba<br />

uwevda.<br />

patriarqis mobrZanebas samreklos<br />

zarebis rekva amcnobda iq my<strong>of</strong>T. saocari<br />

sanaxavi iyo am dros taZari.<br />

muSebi nel-nela tovebdnen xaraCoebs,<br />

patriarqs Semoexveodnen da locvakurTxevas<br />

iRebdnen, taZarSi saxeldaxelod<br />

gamzadebul magidasTan patriarqi<br />

da fondis mesveurebi mSeneblobis<br />

sakiTxebs ixilavdnen. Semdeg uwmidesi<br />

mosapirkeTebel masalas Seamowmebda,<br />

mimdinare samuSaoebsac moinaxulebda.<br />

igi xSirad esaubreboda mSeneblebs,xelosnebs,<br />

qviTxuroebs.<br />

cxra weli moandoma qarTvelma<br />

xalxma wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />

mSeneblobas. es iyo urTulesi periodi<br />

Cveni qveynis uaxles istoriaSi, magram,<br />

miuxedavad ekonomikuri siZneleebisa,<br />

qarTvelobam SeZlo uflis sadidebeli<br />

taZari aRemarTa. saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma samebis taZris<br />

kurTxevisas aRniSna: `Cven varT momswreni<br />

RvTis erT-erTi saocrebisa, _<br />

SeWirvebis Jams qarTvelma xalxma Se-<br />

Zlo aReSenebina didebuli taZari ese<br />

wmidisa samebisa, sadideblad RvTisa<br />

da mosaqcevad erisa Cvenisa, magram,<br />

mowyale RmerTo, Cven viyaviT oden mdabalni<br />

muSakni Senni. ese Sen mogvec gulisxmisy<strong>of</strong>a<br />

da Zala,raTa Sens sadideblad<br />

da Cvenda nugeSad mogverTmia<br />

es Sesawiri...~ erisa da beris erTobam<br />

SeaZlebina qarTvelebs es saswauli.<br />

SeuZlebelia auRelveblad CaikiTxo<br />

kaTedralis mSeneblobisaTvis gakeTebul<br />

SemowirulobaTa nusxa, visac ra<br />

gaaCnda, imas swiravda mSeneblobas.<br />

iyvnen adamianebi, romelTac materialuri<br />

Senatanis gakeTeba ar SeeZloT da<br />

fizikuri SromiT cdilobdnen am didi<br />

wamowyebis Tanadgomas. mis uwmideso-

as araerTxel aRuniSnavs, rom wmida<br />

samebis sakaTedro taZari qarTveli<br />

xalxis avtoportretia. marTlac, kaTedralis<br />

mSenebloba qarTvelTa sulis<br />

gamocdas warmoadgenda. dasawyisSi<br />

iyvnen adamianebi, romlebic skeptikurad<br />

uyurebdnen am wamowyebas. im<br />

droisaTvis Cvens arqiteqtorebsa da<br />

mSeneblebs eklesiaTa agebis gamocdileba<br />

TiTqmis ar gaaCndaT. dRes, 15-<br />

ode wlis Semdeg ra SesaniSnavad Cans<br />

am saukunis wamowyebis dedaazri. saqme<br />

martooden erTi konkretuli taZris,<br />

Tundac sakaTedro taZari y<strong>of</strong>iliyo,<br />

agebaSi rodi mdgomareobda. misi uwmidesoba,<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

ilia II SesaniSnavad xedavda,<br />

rom es mSenebloba Cveni eris sulieri<br />

aRmavlobis sawindrad iqceoda. imavdroulad,<br />

es wamowyeba aTwleulobiT<br />

miviwyebuli saeklesio arqiteqturis,<br />

mxatvrobis, Wedurobisa Tu sxva darg-<br />

Ta aRorZinebis safuZveli gaxdeboda.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiasa da xelisuflebas Soris mimowera<br />

axali sakaTedro taZris agebasTan<br />

dakavSirebiT 1988 wels daiwyo.<br />

umokles xanSi aRmaskomis Tavmjdomaris<br />

TaosnobiT Seiqmna specialuri<br />

komisia, romelsac daevala sakaTedro<br />

taZrisTvis adgilis SerCeva.<br />

komisiam daiwyo momavali taZrisaTvis<br />

adgilis Zieba. moinaxules<br />

Tbilisis ramdenime ubani. aRniSnuli<br />

sakiTxis irgvliv imsjeles Tbilisis<br />

saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomSi kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II stumrobisas.<br />

sabolood, komisiam mizanSewonilad<br />

miiCnia taZris ageba mtkvris marcxena<br />

sanapiroze, baraTaSvilis aRmarTis<br />

zeda terasaze. gadawyvetilebam ar<br />

daayovna da Tbilisis saqalaqo sab-<br />

Wos aRmaskomma 1989 wlis 23 Tebervals,<br />

04.30.107 nomriT, sagangebo dokumenti<br />

gamosca (Tbilisis saistorio arqivi,<br />

Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomi,<br />

aRw. 5, saqme 758):<br />

`qarTuli marTlmadidebluri<br />

taZris asaSeneblad adgilis<br />

SerCevis Sesaxeb<br />

Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomi<br />

aRniSnavs, rom am ramdenime xnis<br />

winaT Sesrulda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos<br />

damoukideblobis 1500 weli. am<br />

TariRTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqo iTxovs, TbilisSi aSendes<br />

taZari, rogorc simboluri gamoxatuleba<br />

qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis<br />

TxuTmetsaukunovani istoriisa.<br />

Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomis<br />

1989 wlis 5 noembris N1755 gankargulebiT,am<br />

mizniT Seqmnilma kompetenturma<br />

komisiam, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II monawileobiT,<br />

SearCia adgili baraTaSvilis<br />

aRmarTis qimze da Semodis aRmaskomis<br />

winaSe saTanado winadadebiT.<br />

Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomma<br />

gadawyvita:<br />

1. dakmay<strong>of</strong>ildes saqarTvelos sapatriarqos<br />

Txovna da qarTuli mar-<br />

Tlmadidebluri taZris asaSeneblad<br />

gamoeyos baraTaSvilis aRmarTis qimze<br />

SerCeuli adgili _ samoqalaqo quCis,<br />

xidisTavis quCis, avlabris quCis dasawyisis<br />

marjvena mxaris CaTvliT da<br />

kaliaevis quCas Soris moqceuli kvartali.<br />

2. eTxovos saqarTvelos sapatriarqos,<br />

saqarTvelos arqiteqtorTa kav-<br />

SirTan erTad, konkursis gamocxadeba<br />

taZris proeqtze.<br />

3. mTavarma arqiteqturul-dagegmarebiTma<br />

sammarTvelom ZeglTa dacvis<br />

mTavar sammarTvelosTan da arqiteqtorTa<br />

kavSirTan erTad moamzados<br />

arqiteqturul-dagegmarebiTi davaleba<br />

da konkursisaTvis saWiro masalebi.<br />

aRmaskomis Tavmjdomare<br />

i. andriaZe<br />

aRmaskomis mdivani<br />

v. jafariZe~<br />

113

am dokumentis gamocemis Semdeg wmida<br />

samebis taZris mSeneblobis saqmem<br />

seriozulad waiwia win. Tbilisis aRmaskomis<br />

mier miRebuli dokumentis<br />

safuZvelze, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos<br />

da saqarTvelos arqiteqtorTa kavSirs<br />

eTxova saukeTeso proeqtis SesarCevad<br />

konkursis gamocxadeba, xolo<br />

mTavar arqiteqturul-dagegmarebiT<br />

sammarTvelos, ZeglTa dacvis mTavar<br />

sammarTvelosTan da arqiteqtorTa kavSirTan<br />

erTad, konkursisaTvis saWiro<br />

masalebis _ programisa da pirobebis<br />

momzadeba daevala.<br />

1989 wlis 5 maiss Tbilisis mTavar<br />

arqiteqturul-dagegmarebiT sammarTveloSi<br />

gamarTul Sexvedrazec,<br />

romelsac sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II, qalaqis saxalxo deputatTa<br />

sabWos Tavmjdomare, aRmasrulebeli<br />

komitetis Tavmjdomare, arqiteqtorebi,<br />

xelovnebaTmcodneebi da mowveuli<br />

sazogadoeba eswrebodnen, moismines<br />

informacia momavali kaTedralis<br />

asagebi adgilis Sesaxeb. konkursis<br />

gamocxadebisas TiTqmis ukve garkveuli<br />

iyo, Tu sad unda aRmarTuliyo wm.<br />

samebis sakaTedro taZari. `sagangebo<br />

ganCinebiT~ gamocxadebul konkursSi<br />

monawileobis msurvelT TavianTi proeqti<br />

swored im garemosTvis unda SeexamebinaT,<br />

sadac ganzraxuli iyo kaTedralis<br />

ageba, TumcaRa, am etapze arqiteqtorebs<br />

SeeZloT TavianTi variantis<br />

SemoTavazebac. amdenad, avlabris<br />

platoze, baraTaSvilis aRmarTis zeda<br />

terasaze taZris agebis idea erTgvar<br />

`samuSao variants~ warmoadgenda.<br />

1990 wlis Tebervlis dasawyisisTvis<br />

yvelaferi mzad iyo Ria konkursis<br />

Casatareblad. arqiteqtorebi TavianTi<br />

proeqtebis ukanasknel detalebs<br />

amuSavebdnen. 8 Tebervals mxatvris<br />

saxlSi moewyo konkursis gaxsnis ceremoniali,<br />

romelsac auarebeli stumari<br />

daeswro. mcire xniT adre cnobili gaxda<br />

Jiuris Semadgenlobac. masSi Sediodnen:<br />

114<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />

II _ Tavmjdomare; alaverdeli mitropoliti<br />

grigoli (cercvaZe); cxumafxazeTis<br />

mitropoliti daviTi (Wkadua);<br />

baTum-Semoqmedeli mitropoliti<br />

konstantine (meliqiZe); bodbeli mitropoliti<br />

aTanase (CaxvaSvili); agarak-walkeli<br />

mTavarepiskoposi Tadeozi<br />

(ioramaSvili); nikorwmindeli<br />

mTavarepiskoposi ambrosi (qaTamaZe);<br />

quTaTel-gaenaTeli mTavarepiskoposi<br />

kalistrate (margalitaSvili); margveli<br />

episkoposi qristefore (wamalaiZe);<br />

axalcixisa da samcxe-javaxe-<br />

Tis episkoposi anania (jafariZe); urbneli<br />

episkoposi vaxtangi (axvlediani);<br />

wilkneli episkoposi zosime (SioSvili);<br />

Wyondideli episkoposi giorgi<br />

(SalamberiZe); Tbilisis sasuliero<br />

seminariisa da akademiis reqtori protopresviteri<br />

giorgi gamrekeli.<br />

sasuliero pirTa garda, Jiuris<br />

SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen: irakli<br />

andriaZe _ Tbilisis saxalxo deputatTa<br />

saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomis<br />

Tavmjdomare; guram mirianaSvili _<br />

saqarTvelos `saxmSenis~ Tavmjdomare;<br />

nodar mgalobliSvili _ saqarTvelos<br />

arqiteqtorTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare;<br />

albert TavxeliZe _ saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti;<br />

nodar amaRlobeli _ ivane javaxiSvilis<br />

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />

universitetis reqtori; akaki baqraZe<br />

_ sruliad saqarTvelos rusTavelis<br />

sazogadoebis prezidenti; nodar na-<br />

TaZe _ saqarTvelos saxalxo frontis<br />

Tavmjdomare; ana kalandaZe _ poeti;<br />

nodar janberiZe _ saqarTvelos xelovnebis<br />

institutis direqtori; Tengiz<br />

kvirkvelia _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri<br />

universitetis pr<strong>of</strong>esori; giorgi<br />

baTiaSvili _ saqarTvelos samxatvro<br />

akademiis pr<strong>of</strong>esori; elizbar javeliZe<br />

_ gazeT `literaturuli saqarTvelos~<br />

redaqtori; daviT ciciSvili<br />

_ sazogadoeba `Tbiliselis~ Tavmj-

domaris moadgile; Tengiz buaCiZe _<br />

saqarTvelos kulturis fondis Tavmjdomare;<br />

elguja amaSukeli _ saqarTvelos<br />

mxatvarTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare;<br />

Tamaz naTiZe _ ZeglTa dacvis<br />

mTavari samecniero sammarTvelos<br />

ufrosis moadgile; merab mamardaSvili<br />

_ filos<strong>of</strong>iis mecnierebaTa doqtori;<br />

vaxtang daviTaia _ saqarTvelos<br />

teqnikuri universitetis pr<strong>of</strong>esori.<br />

eqspozicia ganlagebuli iyo mxatvris<br />

saxlis pirvel da meore sarTulze.<br />

sul gam<strong>of</strong>enili iyo 41 namuSevari.<br />

maT Soris 34 proeqti dasrulebuli<br />

saxiT iyo warmodgenili, xolo 7 namuSevari<br />

samuSao variants an moswavleTa<br />

mier Seqmnil maketebs warmoadgenda.<br />

pirvelma konkursma gamarjvebuli<br />

ver gamoavlina da gadawyda meore turis<br />

gamarTva, romelic 1990 wlis 2 seqtembers<br />

Catarda. sul warmodgenili<br />

iyo 59 namuSevari. konkursSi monawileobda<br />

56 avtori Tu saavtoro jgufi.<br />

1990 wlis 29 seqtembers, 6 saaTze<br />

Tbilisis mxatvris saxlSi, sakonsultacio<br />

sabWos sxdomaze konkursis saboloo<br />

Sejameba moxda. misi uwmidesobis<br />

gadawyvetilebiT gamarjvebulad arCil<br />

mindiaSvilis proeqti dasaxelda.<br />

pirvel etapze yvelaze mniSvnelovan<br />

problemas taZris asagebi konkretuli<br />

adgilis dadgena warmoadgenda.<br />

xuroTmoZRvarni, odiTganve, udides<br />

mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen adgils, sadac<br />

unda aRemarTaT TavianTi qmnileba, sadac<br />

harmoniulad Seerwymoda erTmaneTs<br />

garemo da taZari.<br />

qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis xilvisas<br />

upirvelesad aRtacebaSi mohyavxar<br />

arqiteqtoris gadawyvetilebas:<br />

ra saocari gumaniT SeurCevia adgili<br />

taZrisaTvis. tao-klarjeTis, samcxis,<br />

qarTl-kaxeTis, guria-aWarisa Tu imereT-samegrelos<br />

Zeglebi gana iseTsave<br />

esTetikur siamovnebas mogvaniWebdnen<br />

sxva reliefze rom y<strong>of</strong>iliyvnen agebulni?<br />

Cveni xuroTmoZRvarni saocrad<br />

115<br />

uTavsebdnen garemos momavali taZris<br />

formasa da masStabebs. Tu ra mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs taZrisa da mSeneblobis<br />

adgilis Sexamebas zogadad Zeglis<br />

aRqmaSi, kargad Cans mcxeTis jvris<br />

magaliTze. igi isea Serwymuli mcxeTis<br />

Tavze aRmarTul mTas, rom mnaxvels<br />

eqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos am<br />

mTidan iyos amozrdili. anda aviRoT<br />

banas SesaniSnavi kaTedrali. taos es<br />

nawili sakmaod xriokia, miuxedavad<br />

amisa, xuroTmoZRvarma mainc moZebna<br />

iseTi adgili,sadac buneba Tavad qmnis<br />

ferTa harmonias. taZris fasadi SeZerwilia<br />

moyviTalo naTali qviT da saocrad<br />

miesadageba garemos.<br />

romeli erTi Zegli CamovTvaloT.<br />

es sakiTxi yvela qveynisa da epoqis<br />

arqiteqtorTa safiqrali iyo da aris.<br />

sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis dawyebamde,<br />

amave problemis winaSe dadga<br />

Cveni sazogadoebac, yvelas kargad esmoda,<br />

rom momavali qmnileba harmoniulad<br />

unda Serwymoda garemos da qalaqis<br />

organul nawilad qceuliyo. jer<br />

kidev sawyis etapze, rodesac mxolod<br />

proeqtebis ganxilva mimdinareobda,<br />

arqiteqtorebi da xelovnebaTmcodneebi<br />

sagangebod miuTiTebdnen wm. samebis<br />

taZris kompleqsis qalaqis dagegmarebaSi<br />

faqizad `Casmis~ aucileblobaze.<br />

meore turis Semdeg TiTqos gadawyvetili<br />

iyo momavali taZris avlabris<br />

platoze ageba. magram sxvadasxva faqtorma<br />

ganapiroba axali adgilis Zieba.<br />

upirvelesi mizezi iyo is, rom 1991_1992<br />

ww. Semdeg, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebeli<br />

gaxldaT baraTaSvilis aRmarTis zeda<br />

terasis gamoTavisufleba mSeneblobisaTvis.<br />

am periodisaTvis sakiTxis<br />

gadawyvetis erTaderTi realuri gza<br />

iyo qalaqis centralur nawilSi Tavisufali<br />

adgilis moZieba, sadac SesaZlebeli<br />

iqneboda kaTedralisa da<br />

sapatriarqo rezidenciis ganTavseba.<br />

didi sja-baasis Sedegad gadawyda, rom<br />

wm. samebis taZrisaTvis vakeSi, studqalaqis<br />

teritoriaze gamoeyoT adgili.

1995 wels kaTedris asagebi adgili<br />

kidev erTxel Seicvala.<br />

vakis studqalaqis teritoriaze<br />

kaTedralisaTvis sakmaod mcire far-<br />

Tobi iyo gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili, amasTanave, vake-<br />

Si sapatriarqo rezidenciis gadatana<br />

aSkarad gamoiwvevda qalaqis am nawil-<br />

Si qalaqdagegmarebiT sirTuleebs. am<br />

periodSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi<br />

gamarTuli Sexvedrisas vakis studqalaqis<br />

paralelurad, variantis doneze,<br />

momavali kaTedralis asagebad Seir-<br />

Ca aseve avlabarSi `megobrobis parkis~<br />

teritoria. am mosazrebas Tavidanve<br />

bevri mxardamWeri gauCnda, rasac<br />

araerTi dadebiTi faqtori ganapirobebda.<br />

jer erTi, `megobrobis parkis~<br />

teritoria gacilebiT didi iyo, vidre<br />

vakis studqalaqisa, meore, am adgilze<br />

agebuli kaTedrali Tbilisis uamravi<br />

adgilidan iqneboda SesamCnevi da<br />

mesame, mas Tavisuflad SeeZlo dedaqalaqis<br />

am nawilSi dominantis rolis<br />

Sesruleba. sabolood, 1995 wlis seqtemberSi,wm.<br />

samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />

asagebad SeirCa isan-samgoris raionSi,<br />

elias ubanSi arsebuli `megobrobis<br />

parkis~ teritoria.<br />

didi masStabis mSeneblobis wamowyeba<br />

TavisTavad iTxovda iseT struqturas,<br />

romelic organizebas gauwevda<br />

mimdinare samuSaoebs. swori menejmenti<br />

saqmis warmatebis erT-erTi winapirobaa.<br />

nebismieri didi wamowyebisadmi<br />

amgvari midgoma ara marto Cveni epoqis<br />

maxasiaTebeli niSania, ase iyo odiTganve,<br />

saukuneebis manZilze.<br />

did saqmeTa dawyeba TavisTavad Znelia,<br />

magram maTi sruly<strong>of</strong>ilebamde miyvana<br />

rCeulTa xvedria yovelTvis. Cveni<br />

grandiozuli kaTedralebis mSeneblobebi<br />

did Zalisxmevas, upirvelesad,<br />

qarTvel xuroTmoZRvarTagan moiTxovda.<br />

yoveli epoqa Tavis moTxovnebs uyenebs<br />

SemoqmedT. uwin Tu xuroTmoZ-<br />

Rvari Tavad iyo mSeneblobis xelmZ-<br />

Rvanelic da arqiteqtoric, amJamad<br />

TviT am sferoSi moxda diferenciacia.<br />

116<br />

arqiteqtorebi dReisaTvis, ZiriTadad,<br />

pasuxs ageben nawarmoebis funqciur,<br />

konstruqciul da esTetikur mxareze.<br />

rac Seexeba uSualod mSeneblobas, mas<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>esionali mSeneblebi uZRvebian.<br />

yovelive amas imitom aRvniSnavT, rom<br />

wm. samebis taZris mSeneblobis saqmeSi<br />

lomis wili mSeneblobis swor dagegmvasa<br />

da organizebas miuZRvis, rasac<br />

`wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis<br />

fondi~ uZRveba. misi uwmidesobis,<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II avtoritetisa da neba-survilis,<br />

qarTveli eris mxardaWeris, Sesabamisi<br />

dafinansebisa da gamarTuli<br />

menejmentis wyalobiT Seisxa xorci am<br />

udidesma wamowyebam.<br />

1994 wlis 14 oqtombers,sveticxovlobis<br />

dResaswaulze, sveticxovlis<br />

sakaTedro taZarSi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma samebis<br />

sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis fondis<br />

dafuZneba gamoacxada. kaTedralisTvis<br />

saWiro Tanxis akumulireba fondis angariSze<br />

unda momxdariyo, mSeneblobac<br />

masve unda waremarTa. fondis sapatio<br />

Tavmjdomareebi brZandebodnen misi<br />

uwmidesoba, kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia<br />

II da saqarTvelos prezidenti eduard-giorgi<br />

SevardnaZe, fondis prezidentad<br />

airCies cnobili mxatvari da<br />

moqandake zurab wereTeli.<br />

1995 wlis ivlisidan fondSi Zireuli<br />

reorganizacia ganxorcielda.<br />

fonds saTaveSi Caudga irakli andriaZe,<br />

gadaidga konkretuli nabijebi.<br />

Seiqmna samuSao jgufi da ramdenime<br />

TveSi moxerxda elias mTaze samuSaoebis<br />

dawyeba. paralelurad warmoebda<br />

proeqtis sruly<strong>of</strong>a. kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

kurTxeviT Seiqmna `saeklesio<br />

xuroTmoZRvrebis centri~, sadac<br />

arqiteqtorma arCil mindiaSvilma<br />

Semoikriba axalgazrda arqiteqtorTa<br />

mTeli pleada. proeqtirebasTan erTad,<br />

e. kizirias xelmZRvanelobiT warmoebda<br />

taZris konstruqciuli elementebis<br />

damuSaveba.

1998 wlidan kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

kurTxeviT `xuroTmoZRvrebis<br />

saeklesio centrs~ gamoeyo kaTedralis<br />

proeqtze momuSave jgufi da mas<br />

SemoqmedebiTi gaerTianeba `kaTedrali~<br />

ewoda (xelmZRvaneli arCil mindiaSvili).<br />

imave wlis ivnisSi, fondis<br />

TxovniT, xuroTmoZRvrebis centrma<br />

Sewyvita taZris proeqtireba da es<br />

funqcia `kaTedrals~ gadaeca.<br />

1995 wlis 29 oqtombers, `Tbilisobis~<br />

dResaswaulze, kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

momavali kaTedralis adgili<br />

akurTxa da im adgilze, sadac wmida<br />

samebis sakaTedro taZari aRimarTeboda,<br />

jvari daasvena.<br />

1995 wlis 23 noembers elias mTaze<br />

momavali sakaTedro taZris qvabulis<br />

amoReba daiwyo. 1996 wlis 3 marts<br />

saZirkveli ekurTxa.<br />

saZirkvlis kurTxevis Semdeg,<br />

pirvel etapze,mSenebloba sakmaod kargi<br />

tempiT mimdinareobda. magram male<br />

siZneleebma iCina Tavi. misi uwmidesobis<br />

ganwyoba, rwmena imisa, rom taZari<br />

aucileblad aigeboda, yvelas udides<br />

enTuziazms unergavda. mwiri dafinansebis<br />

pirobebSi taZari nel-nela miiwevda<br />

nulovani niSnulisaken. amis paralelurad<br />

1998 wels sakaTedro taZris<br />

samxreTiT aigo wm. ilia Tezbitelis<br />

xis eklesia (1999 wlis 2 marts gam-<br />

Teniisas xis eklesia gaurkvevel vi-<br />

TarebaSi daiwva. 2000 wlisaTvis wm.<br />

ilia Tezbitelis axali qvis eklesiis<br />

Seneba daiwyo).<br />

2000 wlisaTvis kaTedralis miwisqveSa<br />

nawili dasrulebuli iyo.<br />

swored 2000 wels kaTedralis generaluri<br />

sponsori gaxda cnobili qarTveli<br />

biznesmeni da qvelmoqmedi bi-<br />

Zina ivaniSvili, romlis TanadgomiTa<br />

da finansuri daxmarebiTac aigo es<br />

grandiozuli taZari.<br />

ZiriTadi karkasis mSenebloba 2001<br />

wlis miwurulisTvis dasrulebuli<br />

iyo. 2002 wlis ianvar-martSi ukve gumbaTis<br />

yelis mSenebloba warmoebda.<br />

117<br />

wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />

mSeneblobis istoriaSi erT-erTi<br />

ZiriTadi etapi dasrulda 2002 wlis<br />

31 marts, rodesac gumbaTze bolo betoni<br />

Caisxa. kaTedrali mTeli grandiozulobiT<br />

amoiwia Tbilisis Tavze.<br />

2002_2003 wlebSi ZiriTadad taZris<br />

mopirkeTebis samuSaoebi mimdinareobda.<br />

2003 wlis 6 dekembers wm. samebis<br />

sakaTedro taZarze jvari aRimarTa.<br />

qarTul xuroTmoZRvrul ZeglTagan<br />

wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari<br />

yvelaze masStaburia. dedaqalaqSi igi<br />

TiTqmis yvela wertilidan Cans. uSualod<br />

kaTedrali ori _ miwiszeda da miwisqveSa<br />

_ nawilisagan Sedgeba. saerTo<br />

simaRle nulovani niSnulidan jvris<br />

CaTvliT 86,10 metria (uSualod jvari 7,5<br />

metris simaRlisaa). lavris miwisqveSa<br />

nawilSi ori sarTuli mdebareobs. taZris<br />

fundamenti 14, 07 metris siRrmezea<br />

(qveda sarTulis iataki 13,07 metrzea.<br />

amas emateba erTmetriani fundamenti).<br />

wm. samebis taZris saerTo simaRle, am<br />

monacemebiT, 100,17 metria (86,10+14,07).<br />

wm. samebis taZris sigrZe 70,450 metri,<br />

sigane ki 64,68 metria.<br />

2004 wlis gazafxulze gadawyda,<br />

wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari 23<br />

noembers, giorgobis brwyinvale dResaswaulze<br />

ekurTxebinaT. aRsaniSnavia,<br />

rom mTlianad kompleqsSi 12 eklesiaa;<br />

uSualod kaTedralSi ganTavsebulia<br />

10 eklesia: wm. samebis sakaTedro<br />

taZari, xarebis eklesia, mTavarangelozTa<br />

saxelobis eklesia, wmida ioane<br />

naTlismcemlis saxelobis eklesia,<br />

wmida ninos saxelobis eklesia, wmida<br />

andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis<br />

eklesia, wmida nikolozis saxelobis<br />

eklesia, yovelTa wmidaTa saxelobis<br />

eklesia, Tormeti mociqulis saxelobis<br />

eklesia, wmida giorgis saxelobis<br />

eklesia. kompleqsis samxreT karibWes-<br />

Tan aRmarTulia wm. ilia Tezbitelis<br />

saxelobis eklesia, xolo dasavleTi<br />

(centraluri) karibWis Tavze _ iveriis<br />

RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia.

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriaqis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />

21_23 noembers unda Catarebuliyo<br />

yvela taZris kurTxeva.<br />

pirvelad dagegmili iyo patara eklesiebis<br />

kurTxeva, xolo 23 noembers _<br />

uSualod wm. samebis taZris.<br />

21 noembers dilis 7 saaTidan<br />

samebis taZarSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva<br />

kuTxidan CamobrZandnen morwmuneebi.<br />

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis<br />

9 eparqiis winamZRvarma Seasrula<br />

samebis kompleqsSi ganTavsebuli 9<br />

taZris kurTxeva (teqnikuri mizezebis<br />

gamo ar ekurTxa xarebisa da iveriis<br />

RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia).<br />

taZris miwiszeda nawilSi mdebare<br />

oTxi eklesia akurTxes mRvdelm-<br />

Tavrebma:<br />

mTavarangelozTa saxelobis taZari<br />

_ quTaTel-gaenaTelma mitropolitma<br />

kalistratem (margalitaSvili);<br />

wmida ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis<br />

taZari _ borjomisa da bakurianis<br />

mTavarepiskoposma serafimem<br />

(jojua);<br />

wmida ninos saxelobis taZari _<br />

niqozisa da cxinvalis mTavarepiskoposma<br />

isaiam (Wanturia);<br />

wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis<br />

taZari _ gorisa da samTavisis<br />

episkoposma andriam (gvazava).<br />

akurTxes kompleqsis miwisqveSa<br />

nawilSi ganTavsebuli oTxi taZari:<br />

wmida nikolozis saxelobis taZari<br />

_ axalqalaqisa da kumurdos mTavarepiskoposma<br />

nikolozma ( faCuaSvili).<br />

yovelTa wmidaTa saxelobis taZari<br />

_ axalcixisa, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />

lazeTis mTavarepiskoposma Teodorem<br />

(WuaZe).<br />

Tormeti mociqulis saxelobis<br />

taZari _ xonisa da samtrediis mTavarepiskoposma<br />

sabam (gigiberiam).<br />

wmida giorgis saxelobis taZari _<br />

vanisa da baRdaTis mTavarepiskoposma<br />

antonma (buluxia).<br />

wmida samebis taZris ezoSi arsebuli<br />

wmida ilia Tezbitelis saxelobis<br />

taZari ki amba alaverdelma mitropolitma<br />

daviTma (maxaraZe) akurTxa.<br />

cxra taZris kurTxevis Semdeg<br />

mRvdelmTavrebma sazeimo wirva aRavlines.<br />

2004 wlis 23 noemberi, wm. samebis<br />

sakaTedro taZris kurTxeva, sruliad<br />

saqarTvelosaTvis udides dResaswaulad<br />

iqca. televiziam Tu presam 23<br />

noembramde karga xniT adre daiwyo<br />

am movlenisadmi miZRvnili gadacemebisa<br />

Tu publikaciebis momzadeba.<br />

iuneskos dadgenilebiT, saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqos gadawyvetilebiT 22_25<br />

noembers sazeimod aRiniSna `qristianobis<br />

oci saukune saqarTveloSi~.<br />

Catarda saerTaSoriso samecniero<br />

konferencia, romelSic monawileoba<br />

miiRes sxvadasxva qveynis mecnierebma<br />

da saeklesio moRvaweebma. misi uwmidesobis,<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqisa da<br />

wm. sinodis gadawyvetilebiT samebis<br />

sakaTedro taZris kurTxeva saerTosaxalxo<br />

zeimis _ `qristianobis oci<br />

saukune saqarTveloSi~_ Semadgeneli<br />

nawili gaxda.<br />

23 noembers, dilidanve aTasobiT<br />

morwmune ewvia elias mTas. wmida<br />

samebis sakTedro taZris kurTxeva dilis<br />

7 saaTze daiwyo da igi Caatares<br />

ninowmidisa da sagarejos episkoposma<br />

lukam, samTavisisa da goris episkoposma<br />

andriam da gurjaanisa da veliscixis<br />

episkoposma eqvTimem. trapezis<br />

kurTxeva daasrula sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma<br />

da unetaresma ilia II, ris Semdegac<br />

daiwyo sadResaswaulo wirva.<br />

wm. samebis taZris kurTxevas eswrebodnen<br />

saqarTvelos prezidenti m.<br />

saakaSvili, parlamentisa da mTavrobis<br />

wevrebi, mecnierebis, xelovnebis, biznesis,<br />

ucxoeTis diplomatiuri korpusisa<br />

da religiuri konfesiebis warmomadgenlebi.<br />

taZarSi my<strong>of</strong>T sityviT<br />

mimarTes saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />

ilia II da saqarTvelos prezidentma<br />

mixeil saakaSvilma.<br />

118

kurTxevidan samma welma ganvlo.<br />

amJamad taZari ukve dasrulebulia. sam-<br />

Seneblo samuSaoebi mxolod kompleqsis<br />

ramdenime obieqtze mimdinareobs<br />

(sanaTlavi, seminaria-akademiis Senoba<br />

da muzeumi). taZari yovelTvis savsea<br />

mlocvelebiT. wm. samebis sakTedro<br />

taZari Cveni eris Seuryeveli rwmenis,<br />

erTobisa da SemarTebis simbolodaa<br />

aRmarTuli.<br />

119

saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebuli<br />

gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia<br />

damana meliqiSvili<br />

1994 wlis dasasruls quTaisis<br />

saxelmwifo universitetis reqtoris,<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>. m. Toduas da qarTvel mecnier-<br />

Ta erTi jgufis iniciativiT gadawyda,<br />

dafuZnebuliyo gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademia, romelic wm. daviT mefis mier<br />

XII saukuneSi, gelaTis monasterSi<br />

daarsebuli saswavleblis msgavsad<br />

simbolo unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo rwmenisa da<br />

codnisa. es azri moxsenda saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqs, mis uwmidesobas<br />

ilia II, romelic didi gulisxmierebiT<br />

gamoexmaura am cnobas _ man Tavis<br />

saaRdgomo epistoleSi sixaruliT<br />

amcno mrevls: `misasalmebelia, rom<br />

Cvens mecnierTa wreSi gaCnda survili<br />

da moTxovnileba gelaTis akademiis,<br />

rogorc samecniero centris aRdgenisa<br />

im saxiT, rogorc es iyo dadginebuli<br />

wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

mier. cnobilia, rom daviT mefis mecadineobiT<br />

gelaTis akademia iqca `sxuad<br />

aTinad da meore ierusalemad~, anu<br />

sulierebisa da mecnieruli kvlevis<br />

centrad... Cven mxari davuWireT inteligenciis<br />

am ideas da gadavwyviteT,<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sulieri<br />

mfarvelobiT da xelisuflebis aqtiuri<br />

TanadgomiT quTaisSi daarsdes<br />

gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia, sadac<br />

arCeul akademikosTa xelmZRvanelobiT<br />

damuSavdeba didi speqtri sulieri<br />

TvaliT danaxuli samecniero<br />

Temebisa. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba<br />

mieqceva bibliologias,RvTismetyvelebas,<br />

qarTvelologiur enaTmecnierul<br />

kvlevas, kulturuli, fsiqologiuri,<br />

anTropologiuri, eTikuri, istoriuli<br />

da sxva sakiTxebis gaSuqebas. aq erTad<br />

imoRvaweben Cveni cnobili saero mkvlevarni<br />

da sasuliero pirni. eklesiis<br />

cxovrebaSi iyo gamorCeuli periodebi,<br />

roca gansakuTrebulad Rvivdeboda<br />

saRvTismetyvelo azri. aseT dros sxvadasxva<br />

adgilze Cndeboda sulier-inteleqtualuri<br />

kerebi. vfiqrobT,gela-<br />

Tis akademiac msgavs savaned iqceva.~<br />

1995 wlis 14 marts uwmidesma da<br />

unetaresma saqarTvelos sapatriarqos<br />

rezidenciaSi moiwvia sainiciativo<br />

jgufis sxdoma, xolo amave wlis<br />

5 aprils wm. sinodis sxdomaze miRebul<br />

iqna ganCineba: `qarTveli erisa<br />

da sruliad saqarTvelos mosaxleobis<br />

sulieri ganmtkicebisaTvis, misi<br />

inteleqtualuri da zneobrivi ganvi-<br />

TarebisaTvis, q. quTaisSi, gelaTis akademiasTan,<br />

garda sasuliero saswavleblisa,<br />

daarsdes gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademia da amiT aRdges wm. mefe daviT<br />

aRmaSeneblis mier dafuZnebuli<br />

gelaTis akademiis tradicia”.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II kurTxeviTa da TanadgomiT<br />

idea gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />

daarsebisa ganxorcielda 1995 wlis<br />

25 maisis brZanebiT, romelsac xels<br />

120

aweren sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

ilia II da saqarTvelos<br />

respublikis parlamentis Tavmjdomare,saxelmwifos<br />

meTauri eduardgiorgi<br />

SevardnaZe. saqarTvelos axal<br />

istoriaSi es iyo pirveli SemTxveva,<br />

rodesac fuZemdeblur dokuments er-<br />

Tad moaweres xeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa<br />

da saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

meTaurebma.<br />

akademiis wesdeba, romlis mixedvi-<br />

Tac `gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia<br />

aris saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan<br />

arsebuli bibliologiuri da qarTvelologiuri<br />

samecniero dawesebuleba,<br />

saRvTismetyvelo da samecniero<br />

(humanitaruli da sabunebismetyvelo)<br />

kvleviTi da saganmanaTleblo (saswavlo)<br />

centri, Seqmnili saqarTvelos sasuliero<br />

da saero xelisuflebis er-<br />

Toblivi dadgenilebiT im mizniT, rom<br />

aRdges da gagrZeldes wm. mefe daviT<br />

aRmaSeneblis mier daarsebuli gela-<br />

Tis akademiis tradiciebi”, damtkicda<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II da saqarTvelos respublikis<br />

parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, saxelmwifos<br />

meTauris, eduard-giorgi SevardnaZis<br />

mier.<br />

wesdebis mixedviT, gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis wevrTa mudmivi<br />

raodenoba 21 wevriT ganisazRvreba.<br />

akademiis damfuZnebelTa rigSi iyo 14<br />

wevri: protopresviteri giorgi gamrekeli<br />

(bibliologia, RvTismetyveleba),<br />

istoriis mecn. doqt. pr<strong>of</strong>. zaza<br />

aleqsiZe (armenologia, eklesiis istoria),<br />

filos<strong>of</strong>iis mecn. doqt. pr<strong>of</strong>.<br />

†vitali kakabaZe (filos<strong>of</strong>ia, fsiqologia),<br />

filologiis mecn. doqtorebi,<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>esorebi: †korneli danelia<br />

(enaTmecniereba, teqstologia), magali<br />

Todua (iranistika, literaturaTmcodneoba),<br />

zurab kiknaZe (semitologia,<br />

bibliologia, folkloristika), damana<br />

meliqiSvili (enaTmecniereba, gelaTis<br />

saRvismetyvelo-literaturuli skola,<br />

121<br />

qarTuli filos<strong>of</strong>iur-Teologiuri<br />

terminologia), avTandil nikoleiSvili<br />

(qarTuli literaturis istoria),<br />

Tedo uTurgaiZe (enaTmecniereba, qar-<br />

Tuli da qarTveluri enebis Seswavlis<br />

istoria), mzeqala SaniZe (semitologia,<br />

teqstologia), zurab WumburiZe (enaTmecniereba,<br />

teqstologia), aleqsi Win-<br />

Warauli (enaTmecniereba, folkloristika);<br />

quTaisis sax. universitetis ma-<br />

Sindeli pr<strong>of</strong>esorebi: †akaki baqraZe<br />

(istoria, literaturaTmcodneoba), mixeil<br />

qurdiani (enaTmecniereba, literaturaTmcodneoba).<br />

gelaTis akademiis damfuZnebel<br />

wevrebs am akademiis samecniero wodebis<br />

`cnobis sigelebi~ 1995 wlis 20<br />

ivniss gadasca saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

ilia II. amave dRes gelaTis<br />

mecn. akademiis prezidentad arCeul<br />

iqna magali Todua, xolo swavlul<br />

mdivnad _ mixeil qurdiani.<br />

Semdgom, akademiis namdvil wevrebad<br />

arCeul iqnen saqarTvelos mecn. akademiis<br />

istoriisa da eTnografiis institutis<br />

wamyvani mecn.-TanamSromeli,<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis istorikosi<br />

†babilina lominaZe, medicinis mecn.<br />

doqt. pr<strong>of</strong>. guram kacitaZe (biologia,<br />

medicina) da teqnikur mecn. doqtori<br />

†arCil kostava (kreacionizmi).<br />

akademiidan gasuli da gardacvlili<br />

wevrebis vakantur adgilebze<br />

sxvadasxva dros akademiis namdvil<br />

wevrebad arCeul iqnen: filos<strong>of</strong>iis<br />

mecn. doqt. †Tamaz buaCiZe, filologiis<br />

mecn. doqtorebi: †zurab jafariZe<br />

(enaTmecniereba _ fonetika-fonologia)<br />

da ediSer WeliZe (bibliologia,<br />

patristika), istoriis mecn. doqtorebi:<br />

roland T<strong>of</strong>CiSvili (saqarTvelos<br />

istoria, eTnografia), giorgi mWedliZe<br />

(saqarTvelos istoria), iulon gagoSiZe<br />

(saqarTvelos istoria, arqeologia),<br />

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqt.<br />

zaza sxirtlaZe (saqarTvelos istoria,<br />

arqiteqtura da xelovneba), iuridiul

mecn. doqt. mariam cacanaSvili (samar-<br />

Talmcodneoba), ekonomikur mecn. kand.<br />

jambul biwaZe (ekonomika). akademiis<br />

wevrebi arian agreTve: poeti tariel<br />

Wanturia, mwerali-kritikosi Tamaz<br />

wivwivaZe da mwerali-literaturaTmcodne<br />

levan bregaZe (2003 wlidan akademiis<br />

swavluli mdivani).<br />

gelaTis mecn. akademiis ucxoeli<br />

wevrebi arian cnobili qarTvelologebi:<br />

ian brauni (poloneTi),iost giperti<br />

(germania) da bernar utie (safrangeTi).<br />

gelaTis akademiis sapatio wevrebad<br />

1996 wels arCeul iqnen: sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi,uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II, saqarTvelos<br />

respublikis parlamentis Tavmjdomare,<br />

saxelmwifos meTauri eduard-giorgi<br />

SevardnaZe da imereTis maSindeli gubernatori,<br />

quTaisis meri Teimuraz Sa-<br />

SiaSvili.<br />

T. SaSiaSvilma SesaniSnavi samuSao<br />

pirobebi Seuqmna akademias: misi ZalisxmeviT<br />

akademias gadaeca orsarTuliani<br />

rezidencia wm. giorgis saxelobis<br />

taZris ezoSi; wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

igi afinansebda akademiis tradiciul<br />

erTkvirian konferenciebs, romlebic<br />

ixsneboda yoveli wlis 21 seqtembers<br />

gelaTSi, RvTismSoblobas, da sruldeboda<br />

jvarTamaRlebas, 27 seqtembers _<br />

quTaisSi.<br />

dasawyisSi akademias hqonda ori samecniero<br />

organo: `gelaTis mecniereba-<br />

Ta akademiis uwyebani~ (1996 w. gamovida<br />

2 nomeri. pirvelSi daibeWda qronika<br />

da fuZemdebluri dokumentebi, meoreSi<br />

_ akademiis wevrebis mier wakiTxuli<br />

moxsenebebi 1996 wlis seqtembris samecniero<br />

konferenciaze (red. m. qurdiani)<br />

da `weliwdeuli~ (1998 w. d. meliqiSvilis<br />

redaqtorobiT gamovida erTi<br />

nomeri, romelSic daibeWda d. meliqiSvilis<br />

samuSao jgufis naSromebi<br />

gelaTis Zveli akademiis literaturuli<br />

memkvidreobis irgvliv). usaxsrobis<br />

gamo am perioduli gamocemebis<br />

publkacia veRar gagrZelda.<br />

2002 wlis seqtembridan quTaisis<br />

sakrebulos finansuri xelSewyobiT<br />

gamodioda yovelTviuri `gelaTis<br />

mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnali~, romlis<br />

damaarsebeli da mTavari redaqtoria<br />

akademiis prezidenti magali<br />

Todua. 2004 wlis ivlisidan Jurnali<br />

gamodis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II locva-kurTxeviTa da<br />

materialuri xelSewyobiT. Jurnali<br />

mravaldargobrivia (Teologia, filologia,<br />

istoria, eTnografia, xelovnebaTmcodneoba,<br />

samarTali, ekonomika),<br />

masSi ibeWdeba gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis wevrebisa da maT mier rekomendebuli<br />

samecniero naSromebi. Jurnalis<br />

yovel nomers erTvis mecnieruli<br />

qronika, uaxlesi bibliografia da<br />

personaliebi.<br />

122

uwmidessa da unetaress,<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />

ilia II-s<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav!<br />

Tqveni aRsaydrebis 25 wlisa da dabadebis<br />

70 wlis Tavze gvsurs mogmarToT ara mxolod<br />

Tqven mier daarsebuli gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis saxeliT, aramed Tqvenis RvawliT<br />

aRorZinebuli samwysos saxeliTac – sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokafaluri eklesiis<br />

dauZinebel moRvawesa da didebul muSaks yanisa<br />

qristesisa, qristianeTa siqaduls, ganmwmedels<br />

sjulisa, maSenebls eklesiaTa, eris sulier<br />

mamasa da ganmanaTlebels!<br />

rogorc Zvelni ityodnen, `viTar SeuZlos<br />

kacobrivman enaman jerovnad warmoTqma simxneTa<br />

da moTminebaTa TqvenTa” am rTulsa da<br />

gansacdelebiT aRsavse droSi.…<br />

rogorc netarma grigol xanZTelma aRaSena<br />

da ganamSvena eklesia-monastrebiT murvan yrusagan<br />

mooxrebul-gaveranebuli udabno taoklarjeTisa,<br />

ganacxovela da qalaq-yo igi, aseve<br />

Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav, RvTis mcnebaTagan<br />

gardadrekil qarTvelTa sulieri udabno gaacocxleT<br />

da aaRorZineT; sruliad ganSorebulni<br />

RvTisagan, moaqcieT da, viTarca keTilma<br />

mwyemsma, ganbneuli cxvari daubruneT uflis<br />

123

saxls; ganaSeneT, ganamSveneT da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

eklesiis dideba aRadgineT.<br />

Tqvengan xSirad gvsmenia - `es drom moitanao”,<br />

magram xom cnobilia, rom TviT dro pirovnebas<br />

mohyavs, radgan, roca dgeba Jami, ufali gamoarCevs<br />

da aRamaRlebs erisagan Tavis rCeuls, romelsac ZaluZs<br />

tvirTva eris jvarisa. Tqven xarT is rCeuli,<br />

romelic ufalma mohmadla Cvens mravaltanjul<br />

ers misi naTlisaken da wmida eklesiisaken mosabruneblad.<br />

Tqveni uwmidesobis qadagebaSi mudam gamosWvivis<br />

sibrZne da sarwmunoeba daviT mefsalmunisa:<br />

`ara Tumca ufalman aRaSena saxli, cudad Surebian<br />

maSenebelni misni” (fsal. 126,1). am WeSmaritebiT<br />

moZRvravT TqvenTvis mondobil ers da, roca<br />

ki RvTis morCilebas miuCvevelsa da mcired morwmunes,<br />

yuri ar miugdia Tqveni darigebisaTvis, mudam<br />

uwvnevia marcxis simware..<br />

magram Tqven, rogorc WeSmarit mwyemsmTavars,<br />

moZRvars da mamas erisas, `ara gaqus Ãelmwifeba<br />

borotisa, aramed Sendobisa”. moTminebiT moeliT<br />

monanuls da bunebiT iqceviT ise, viTarca ityvis<br />

ufali: `wyalobaÁ mnebavs da ara msxuerpli, rame-<br />

Tu ara moved wodebad marTalTa, aramed codvilTa<br />

sinanulad” (maTe, 9,13). Tqvens locvasa da mowyale<br />

moTminebas adre Tu gvian codvilni mouyvania<br />

da kidevac moiyvans sinanulad.<br />

am ocdaxuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, romelsac Tqven<br />

`mziani Rame” uwodeT (radgan `erTi mxriv, wyvdiadi<br />

da mwuxarebaa, meore mxriv ki – uflis madli”,<br />

romelsac niadag grZnobT), umZimes sapatriarqo<br />

jvars zidavT, jvars erisas da eklesiisas.<br />

124

Tqven erisa da eklesiis – xorcieli keTilisa<br />

da sulieri keTilis – SenivTebiTa da SezavebiT<br />

iRvwiT qarTveli eris sulieri amaRlebisaTvis,<br />

sarwmunoebis erTobisa da erovnuli mTlianobisaTvis.<br />

am gzaze arasodes gtovebT imedi imisa,<br />

rom is `rwmena, is sinanuli, is siyvaruli, is<br />

Tavmdabloba, is gancda TvisTa codvaTa, romelsac<br />

flobdnen Cveni winaparni, Cvens erSi ueWvelad<br />

gamovlindeba”.<br />

gwamdeT, dido meufeo, rom Tqveni mociqulebrivi<br />

Rvawli keTil nay<strong>of</strong>s gamoiRebs da amieriTgan<br />

ueWvelad ixarebs udabnoi ese, Tqueni, qristes nebismy<strong>of</strong>eli<br />

keTili mwyemsis, locviTa da kurTxeviT.<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis da mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />

mTavarepiskoposisa, yovlad Rirsisa mamamTavrisa<br />

da didisa meufisa Cvenisa ilia II-isa – mravalmca<br />

arian welni!<br />

gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia<br />

125

sasuliero cxovrebis dasawyisi<br />

(zagorskidan mcxeTis seminariis reqtorobamde)<br />

sergo vardosaniZe<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />

II 1942 wlis seqtemberSi q. orjonikiZis<br />

#22 saSualo skolis pirveli<br />

klasis moswavle gaxda. ojaxuri<br />

tradiciidan gamomdinare, patara irakli<br />

did dros uTmobda wirva-locvebs,<br />

Tumca es xels ar uSlida kargad eswavla<br />

saskolo sagnebi. gansakuTrebiT<br />

itacebda istoria, geografia, ucxo ena.<br />

1952 wlis ivnisSi irakli giorgis Ze<br />

SiolaSvilis saxelze Zaujiyaus (orjonikiZe_vladikavkazi)<br />

22-e skolis<br />

mier gaica atestati #946415. axalgazrda<br />

irakli moeTaTbira mSoblebs da<br />

miiRo im droisaTvis araordinaruli<br />

gadawyvetileba, swavla gaegrZelebina<br />

moskovis sasuliero seminariaSi, sadac<br />

RvTismetyvelebis SeswavlisaTvis<br />

saukeTeso pirobebi iyo: gamorCeuli<br />

pedagogebi, mdidari biblioTeka, seminariis<br />

zomierad mkacri Sinaganawesi.<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi siyvaruliTa<br />

da madlierebiT ixsenebs Tavis pedagogebs,<br />

romelnic gamoirCeodnen saocari<br />

pasuxismgeblobiTa da studentebis<br />

mimarT siyvaruliT. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo<br />

arqivSi daculi dokumentebi<br />

srul warmodgenas gviqmnis irakli SiolaSvilis<br />

moskovis sasuliero seminariasa<br />

da akademiaSi swavlis ZiriTad<br />

momentebze. I kursis niSnebis furceli,<br />

romelic Sevsebulia 1953 wlis 11 maiss,<br />

gvamcnobs, rom irakli SiolaSvils<br />

yvela saganSi aqvs `friadi~. II kursze<br />

mxolod berZnulSi aqvs `4~. III kursze<br />

yvela saganSi kvlav `friadi~ aqvs.<br />

moskovis sasuliero seminariis<br />

xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebiT, seminariaSi<br />

yovelwliurad tardeboda<br />

konkursi saukeTeso TxzulebaSi.<br />

irakli SiolaSvilma I kursze swavlis<br />

dros sakonkursod waradgina<br />

Txzuleba, romelmac pirveli adgili<br />

aiRo. gamarjvebuli dajildovda mitropolit<br />

filaretis fondidan 50 maneTiT,<br />

xolo troicki-sergeevis lavridan<br />

_ 30 maneTiT.<br />

1956_60 wlebSi irakli SiolaSvili<br />

zagorskis sasuliero akademiis<br />

studentia. sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia<br />

misi CaTvlis wignaki (niSnebis<br />

furclebi), romelsac xels aweren:<br />

akademiis inspeqtori v. sariCevi da<br />

mdivani n. muraviovi. akademiis kursdamTavrebul<br />

mRvdel-monazon ilias<br />

yvela saganSi friadi aqvs. sasuliero<br />

akademiaSi swavlis dros irakli SiolaSvils<br />

kidev ufro gaumZafrda dedaeklesiisa<br />

da samSoblos siyvaruli.<br />

amis dasturia misi werili sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresi melqisedek<br />

III-isadmi. werili imdenad mniSvnelovania,<br />

rom saWirod mimaCnia misi sruli<br />

saxiT warmodgena: `Tqveno uwmidesobav!<br />

gvakurTxeT...… aq, Cven wreSi vrceldeba<br />

xmebi imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos<br />

126

eklesiis avtokefalia TiTqos dasasruls<br />

uaxlovdeba, radgan: 1) mTeli<br />

rigi eparqiebi umoqmedodaa, mRvdelm-<br />

Tavris gareSe da arc arsebobs saTanado<br />

kadri; 2) RvTismsaxurebis dros<br />

eklesiebSi morwmuneTa daswreba er-<br />

Tob mcirea; 3) saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesias ara aqvs seminaria,<br />

gamomcemloba, saeklesio muzeumi, wignsacavi,<br />

biblioTeka.<br />

laparakia imis Sesaxeb, rom cxumafxazeTis<br />

eparqiaSi ar iqneba daSvebuli<br />

axalxeldasxmuli qarTveli<br />

mRvdelmTavari (saubaria episkopos<br />

leonide Jvaniaze. _ s. v.) da rom<br />

mRvdelmTavarTa Soris arian iseTebic,<br />

romlebic araqarTvelTa Sorisac<br />

ki avrceleben ubadruk azrs saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis eparqiebis gamsxvilebis<br />

aucileblobis Sesaxeb.<br />

zemoT moyvanili ZiriTadi problemebis<br />

irgvliv Tqven mier miRebuli<br />

zomebi, saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis<br />

TavmjdomaresTan Sexvedris CaTvliT,<br />

CvenTvis cnobilia, magram zogierTi<br />

mware sinamdvilis gamo vaZlevT Tavs<br />

nebas, rom Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT<br />

Semdeg garemoebas: sabWoTa mTavrobis<br />

saTanado dadgenilebis safuZvelze<br />

ruseTis, ukrainis, somxeTis da<br />

sxva mokavSire respublikebSi arsebobs<br />

sasuliero seminaria-akademiebi,<br />

xdeba RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro<br />

literaturis gamocema, xatebis gamravleba,<br />

eklesia-monastrebis aRdgena-ganaxleba.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesias<br />

Tu upiratesoba ara aqvs, gamonakliss<br />

mainc ar warmoadgens, mxolod saWiroa<br />

am iuridiuli uflebis adgilobrivi<br />

mTavrobis meSveobiT gamoyeneba: saqarTvelos<br />

ssr xelisufalT, arsebuli<br />

wesis dacviT, materialuri SesaZleblobis<br />

farglebSi waredginos werilobiTi<br />

saxis ganacxadi saqarTvelos<br />

avtokefaliuri eklesiis sasicocxlo<br />

sakiTxebis Sesaxeb da energiulad<br />

iqnes moTxovnili: pirvel rigSi, seminariis<br />

(ara kursebis) gaxsna, saWiro<br />

127<br />

literaturis gamocema, saeklesio muzeumis,<br />

wignsacavis daarseba, gela-<br />

Tis, wilknis, nikorwmindis, yazbegis,<br />

ananuris, goris eklesiebSi RvTismsaxurebis<br />

uflebis aRdgena-ganaxleba...<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis da misi meTauris<br />

mtersa da orguls Cvens pirad<br />

mtrad vTvliT, magram ganuxorcielebeli<br />

gandidebis survilis gamo ganawyenebulni,<br />

patriarqis SorsmWvreteli<br />

gonebis TvaliT da keTili nebiT<br />

SeiZleba Cayenebul iqnen saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis sakeTildReo saqmianobaSi...<br />

qarTveli eris siamaye, siwmide da<br />

dideba _ `sveticxoveli~ ara marto<br />

Cveni xalxis, aramed ucxoelTa yuradRebasac<br />

imsaxurebs da amis gamo<br />

mis wminda midamoebSi Tqveni locvakurTxeviT<br />

saeklesio muzeum-wignsacavis<br />

gaxsna yovelmxriv gamarTlebuli<br />

iqneboda. Tqveni mowodebiT mosaxleobaSi<br />

gabneuli istoriuli Tu<br />

siZveleTa dacvis TvalsazrisiT bevri<br />

didmniSvnelovani saeklesio daniSnulebis<br />

nivTi, wigni, wmida xatebi,<br />

jvari da sxva aRmoCndeboda eklesiis<br />

sakuTrebaSi, e. i. daculi iqneboda<br />

SesaZlebeli ganadgurebisagan. mzad<br />

varT am didi saqmisaTvis gaviRoT piradi<br />

biblioTekac. saaRdgomo ardadegebisaTvis<br />

SesaZloa veaxloT Tqvens<br />

uwmidesobas da Tqveni miTiTebiT da<br />

locva-kurTxeviT, arsebuli wesis dacviT<br />

sadResaswaulo qadagebebiT mivmar-<br />

ToT morwmune sazogadoebas. Rrma pativiscemiT<br />

geamborebiT da gamoviTxov<br />

Tqvens wmida locva-kurTxevas~. i. SiolaSvili,<br />

zagorski, 1957wlis 12 Tebervali.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis umZimesi mdgomareoba mosvenebas<br />

ar aZlevda axalgazrda students<br />

da aseTi Tamami, magram samarTliani<br />

gancxadebiT mimarTavda igi uwmidessa<br />

da unetaress melqisedek III.<br />

zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi<br />

swavlis dros mRvdel-monazonma iliam<br />

sakvalifikacio Temad airCia `aTonis<br />

iverTa monastris istoria~. rusu-

lenovani masalebis moZiebisa da damuSavebis<br />

Semdeg igi Sexvda zagorskis<br />

akademiis reqtors dekanoz k. ruJickis<br />

da sTxova ramdenime TviT saqarTvelo-<br />

Si wamosvlis nebarTva qarTulenovani<br />

literaturis srulad Seswavlis<br />

mizniT. 1959 wlis 4 ivnisiTaa daTari-<br />

Rebuli reqtor k. ruJickis momarTva<br />

saqarTvelos erovnuli biblioTekis,<br />

centraluri arqivis, Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />

universitetis xelmZRvanelobis<br />

saxelze, raTa maT TavianTi dawesebulebebis<br />

biblioTekebis wignsacavebsa<br />

da xelnawerTa gany<strong>of</strong>ilebaSi samuSaod<br />

dauSvan sasuliero akademiis<br />

IV kursis studenti irakli giorgis<br />

Ze SiolaSvili.<br />

mRvdel-monazonma iliam ramdenime<br />

Tve imuSava Tbilisis biblioTekebSi,<br />

miiRo kompetenturi rCevebi qarTveli<br />

mecnierebisagan. 1960 wlis ivnisSi zagorskis<br />

akademiaSi Sedga sakvalifikacio<br />

naSromis sajaro dacva. <strong>of</strong>icialurma<br />

oponentebma pr<strong>of</strong>esorebma<br />

n. muraviovma da a. georgievskim maRali<br />

Sefaseba misces warmodgenil naSroms.<br />

moskovis zagorskis sasuliero<br />

akademiis reqtoratma sagangebo weriliT<br />

mimarTa moskovisa da sruliad<br />

ruseTis patriarqs, uwmides aleqsi I,<br />

raTa saukeTeso naSromisaTvis RvTismetyvelebis<br />

kandidati mRvdel-monazoni<br />

ilia daejildoebina. saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia mRvdelmonazon<br />

ilia SiolaSvilis zagorskis<br />

akademiis mier gacemuli warCinebis<br />

diplomi, romelsac xels aweren akademiis<br />

reqtori dekanozi k. ruJicki,<br />

inspeqtori arqimandriti pitirimi, mdivani<br />

a. ostapovi.<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II avtobiografiaSi<br />

aRniSnavs: `sasuliero<br />

akademiis samecniero sabWom daadgina,<br />

me vy<strong>of</strong>iliyavi datovebuli akademia-<br />

Si pr<strong>of</strong>esorTa stipendiatad, magram<br />

Cemi eris siyvarulma mimatovebina es<br />

yvelaferi da momiyvana saqarTvelo-<br />

Si~. igi eaxla sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

128<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetaress<br />

efrem II da aseTi gancxadebiT<br />

mimarTa: `Tqveno uwmidesobav! gacnobebT,<br />

rom 1960 wels davamTavre moskovis<br />

sasuliero akademia. gTxovT momceT<br />

samsaxuri, gamgzavnoT iq, sadac Tqven<br />

cnobT saWirod~. uwmidesma efrem II<br />

mRvdel-monazoni ilia daniSna baTumis<br />

sakaTedro taZris mRvdelmsaxurad.<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />

avtobiografiaSi vkiTxulobT: `1960<br />

wlis 19 dekembers uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

efrem II mier aRyvanil viyavi iRumenis<br />

xarisxSi, xolo 1961 wlis 16 seqtembers<br />

_ arqimandritis pativSi. 1963<br />

wlis 25 agvistos xeldasxmul viqeni<br />

Semoqmedel episkoposad da patriarqis<br />

qorepiskoposad. 1963 wlidan var<br />

mcxeTis samoZRvro saRvTismetyvelo<br />

kursebis xelmZRvaneli~.<br />

axalgazrda mRvdelmTavari energiulad<br />

Seudga mcxeTis samoZRvro<br />

kursebis sasuliero seminariad gadakeTebisaTvis<br />

niadagis momzadebas.<br />

akademiaSi miRebulma farTo ganaTlebam<br />

mas saSualeba misca maRal doneze<br />

daeyenebina rogorc disciplinis,<br />

aseve saswavlo procesis sakiTxebi.<br />

Semoqmedelma episkoposma seminariaSi<br />

samuSaod miiwvia cnobili mecnierebi,<br />

Seadgines saswavlo programebi, saleqcio<br />

konspeqtebi. sistematurad tardeboda<br />

pedsabWos sxdomebi. igi saswavlebelSi<br />

momxdar mniSvnelovan<br />

RonisZiebebs uTanxmebda uwmidessa da<br />

unetares efrem II. `Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />

gvakurTxeT, zeg saSobaod studentebs<br />

vuSvebT ardadegebze. xval, 12 saaTze,<br />

vfiqrobT pedsabWos mowvevas. CvenTvis<br />

metad sasiamovno da sasargeblo iqneba,<br />

Tu CamobrZandebiT da daeswrebiT.<br />

episkoposi ilia~. uwmidesi efrem II<br />

pedsabWos yvela sxdomas eswreboda.<br />

mcxeTis sasuliero seminaria Semoqmedeli<br />

episkoposis, ilias Tavdadebuli<br />

SromiT Rirseul saswavleblad<br />

iqca. uamravi problema da winaaRmdegoba<br />

daZleul iqna. yovelive amis Sesaxeb

daufaravad mogviTxrobs 1972 wlis 26<br />

maisiT daTariRebuli cxum-afxazeTis<br />

mitropolitis, ilias gancxadeba saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wmida sinodisadmi: `rogorc mogexsenebaT,<br />

_ werda igi, _ 1963 wlidan misi<br />

uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis, sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

efrem II didi SromiTa da mecadineobiT<br />

mcxeTaSi gaixsna sasuliero<br />

seminaria, romlis xelmZRvanelad me<br />

viyavi daniSnuli. es iyo axali didi<br />

saqme, rasac sWirdeboda energia da gamocdileba.<br />

arc me da arc maswavleblebi<br />

ar viSurebdiT Zalas seminariis<br />

ganmtkicebisa da gaZlierebisaTvis. am<br />

wlebis ganmavlobaSi Cven SevxvdiT<br />

bevr winaaRmdegobas da siZneleebs.<br />

miuxedavad amisa, mainc SevZeliT saswavlebeli<br />

myar niadagze dagveyenebina.<br />

me ar uarvy<strong>of</strong> imas, rom seminariis<br />

kursdamTavrebulTagan yvelam ver<br />

gaamarTla Cveni imedebi da ver gamoiCina<br />

moZRvris maRali Tvisebebi... miuxedavad<br />

zogierTi arasasurveli faqtisa,<br />

vxedavT,rom seminariis kursdamTavrebulTa<br />

umetesi nawili dRes Tavdadebulad<br />

emsaxureba saqarTvelos eklesias.<br />

gulistkiviliT unda mogaxsenoT, rom<br />

am cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi daxmarebis<br />

magivrad mesmoda mxolod kritika~.<br />

mcxeTis sasuliero saswavleblis<br />

kursdamTavrebulT rekomendaciis<br />

safuZvelze ugamocdod iRebdnen<br />

zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi. zagorskis<br />

sasuliero akademia gansakuTrebiT<br />

afasebda Tavis y<strong>of</strong>il students,<br />

aw saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis mitropolits. 1978 wlis<br />

16 Tebervals zagorskis sasuliero<br />

akademiam sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi<br />

ilia II akademiis sapatio wevrad air-<br />

Cia. misi uwmidesoba moskovis seminariasa<br />

da akademiaSi gatarebul studentobis<br />

wlebs cxovrebis naTel periods<br />

uwodebs da moskovSi yoveli vizitis<br />

Jams stumrobs zagorskis akademias da<br />

amiT kidev erTxel adasturebs sasuliero<br />

pirisaTvis, eklesiisaTvis ra<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs safuZvlian ganaTlebas.<br />

misi uwmidesobis patriarqobis 30-<br />

wliani xana xom mecnierebisa da gana-<br />

Tlebis mxardaWeris xanaa.<br />

literatura<br />

1. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. saqaRalde #1264, dok. 8265.<br />

2. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. kaTolikos-patriarq melqisedek<br />

III fondi. #2718<br />

3. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. f. 1264. dok. #8265.<br />

4. iqve, gv. 8.<br />

5. iqve, gv. 10.<br />

6. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

ilia II saqaRalde #1264. dok. 2265.<br />

7. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

ilia II saqaRalde #1264. dok. 2265, gv. 15.<br />

8. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, saqaRalde 1264. dok. 2265<br />

129

sergo vardosaniZe<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis<br />

sagareo urTierTobebi 1977_2007 wlebSi<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisa<br />

da pirveli saeklesio krebis<br />

mier sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-paqtriarqad<br />

kirion II arCevis<br />

Semdeg uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion<br />

II daiwyo seriozuli muSaoba,raTa mar-<br />

Tlmadidebel da aramarTlmadidebel<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lios mkafio warmodgena Seqmnoda,<br />

ra moxda saqarTveloSi da ar aRmoCeniliyvnen<br />

ruseTis sapatriarqos mier<br />

gavrcelebuli tendenciuri informaciebis<br />

tyveobaSi. pirvel yovlisa, iyo<br />

survili ruseTis eklesiasTan megobruli<br />

urTierTobis damyarebisa, magram<br />

1917 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis axalarCeulma<br />

patriarqma tixonma saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

maRal ierarqebs mcxeTaSi 1917 wlis<br />

12 (25) marts miRebuli dokumentis gauqmebisa<br />

da sinanulisaken mouwoda, amitom<br />

25 wlis manZilze saqarTvelosa<br />

da ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa<br />

Soris evqaristuli kavSiri ar arsebobda<br />

.<br />

1943 wlis 31 oqtombers daZabuli<br />

molaparakebebis Semdeg ruseTis patriarqma<br />

<strong>of</strong>icialurad aRiara saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

teritoriuli avtokefalia, 1917 wlis<br />

12(25) martis sveticxovlis damoukideblobis<br />

aqtis kanoniereba da mrevlisadmi<br />

mimarTvaSi daadastura saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan<br />

evqaristuli kavSiris aRdgena. ruse-<br />

Tis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis dokuments<br />

xels aweren: patriarqi sergi, sinodis<br />

mudmivi wevrebi: mitropolitebi aleqsi,<br />

nikolozi, mTavarepiskoposebi andrei,<br />

aleqsi, ioane.<br />

saqarTveloSi <strong>of</strong>icialuri megobruli<br />

vizitiT 1946 wels CamobrZanda<br />

ruseTis patriarqi, uwmidesi aleqsi I,<br />

1958 wels igi meored Camovida saqarTveloSi,<br />

1945_48 wlebSi uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi kalistrate stumrobda<br />

moskovs. 1951_70-ian wlebSi moskovSi<br />

araerTxel Catarda sabWoTa kavSirSi<br />

arsebul religiur konfesiaTa meTaurebis<br />

Sexvedra, samSvidobo konferenciebi.<br />

am SexvedrebSi monawileobdnen<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqebi: melqisedek<br />

III, efrem II, daviT V, ilia II.<br />

ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiaTa Soris arsebuli yvelanairi<br />

gaugebroba warsuls Cabarda.<br />

1977 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II aRsaydrebaze<br />

warmoTqmul sityvaSi moskovisa da<br />

sruliad ruseTis patriarqi pimeni am<br />

sityviT miesalma saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

meTaurs: `ruseTis marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia, aRsavse uRrmesi pativiscemiT<br />

Tavisi erTmorwmune, moZme qar-<br />

Tuli eklesiisadmi, guliT xarobs am<br />

130

131<br />

uwmides taZarSi gamefebuli sixaruliTa<br />

da zeimiT. es sixaruli wmindaa<br />

da naTeli, Cvenc sixarulma mogviyvana<br />

aq, raTa erTxel kidev davudasturoT<br />

keTilmorwmune qarTvel ers da mis<br />

Rirseul mwyemsmTavars sruliad ruseTis<br />

samwysos siyvaruli~. sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II patriarq<br />

pimenis am pozicias pativiscemiTa da<br />

ruseTis eklesiisadmi siyvaruliT pasuxobda.<br />

1978 wlis maisSi man monawileoba<br />

miiRo ruseTSi patriarqobis<br />

aRdgenidan 60 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil<br />

sazeimo RonisZiebaSi. aq igi Sexvda da<br />

momavali urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis<br />

sakiTxebze esaubra ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos<br />

warmomadgenlebs, mitropolitebs<br />

melitonsa da barTolomeoss<br />

(axlandel ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs), ierusalimis<br />

eklesiidan _ mitropolit<br />

germanes, rumineTis eklesiidan _ mitropolit<br />

Teoqstites (axlandeli patriarqi),<br />

bulgareTis patriarq maqsimes,eladis<br />

eklesiis warmomadgenels<br />

mitropolit varnavas, kviprosis eklesiis<br />

meTaurs mTavarepiskopos qrizostomoss,<br />

Cexoslovakiis eklesiis<br />

meTaurs doroTes, poloneTis eklesiis<br />

meTaurs mitropolit vasilis,<br />

amerikisa da kanadis marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis meTaurs mTavarepiskopos<br />

Teodoss, somxuri eklesiis meTaurs<br />

patriarq-kaTolikos vazgen I. miesalma<br />

ra ruseTis eklesiis meTaurs, uwmides<br />

pimens, man aRniSna: `rusuli eklesiis<br />

aTaswlovani istoria es aris qristes<br />

jvrismtvirTvelobis aTaswlovani gza,<br />

es aris wmindanTa dasebi, es aris qristianuli<br />

siyvaruli, es aris brZola<br />

WeSmariti rwmenisa da mamulisaTvis,<br />

es aris sulier faseulobaTa Seqmna<br />

da zrunva maTi SenarCunebisaTvis~. uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II yovelTvis<br />

pativiscemiT ixseniebda ruseTis<br />

patriarqebs: uwmides aleqsi I, uwmides<br />

pimens. man 1990 wels patriarq pimenis<br />

dakrZalvaze ase daaxasiaTa igi: `rodesac<br />

Cven uwmidesi patriarqis _ pimenis<br />

cxovrebas Soridan vuyurebT, vxedavT<br />

mxolod mis sidiades, gvaxsendeba<br />

sadResaswaulo RvTismsaxurebani,<br />

wirva-locvani, magram ver vxedavT im<br />

mZime gansacdelsa da devnas, romelic<br />

man gadaitana, ver vxedavT im Tavganwirul<br />

msaxurebas, mis uZilo, locviT<br />

gaTenebul Rameebs, mis cremlebsa da<br />

tanjvas, im mZime jvars, romelic mas<br />

Tavisi mxrebiT mihqonda~. uwmidesma da<br />

unetaresma ilia II axalarCeul patriarq<br />

aleqsi II tradiciuli megobroba<br />

da urTierTTanamSromloba SesTavaza.<br />

XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi bolSevikebis<br />

mier modernizebuli ruseTis<br />

sabWoTa imperia _ sabWoTa kavSiri<br />

daiSala. es procesi y<strong>of</strong>ili sabWoTa<br />

respublikebisaTvis, maT Soris saqarTvelosaTvis,<br />

sakmaod mtkivneuli<br />

aRmoCnda. ruseTis politikuri wreebis<br />

waqezebiTa da mxardaWeriT ga-<br />

Zlierda separatistuli tendenciebi<br />

saqarTvelos istoriul miwa-wyalze<br />

_ afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi.<br />

ruseTma, faqtobrivad, moaxdina am teritoriebis<br />

aneqsia, Tumca saerTaSoriso<br />

sazogadoebas jiutad umtkicebs,<br />

rom igi regionSi icavs mSvidobas<br />

da stabilurobas, im fonze, rodesac<br />

300 000 qarTveli gamoZevebulia afxazeTis<br />

teritoriidan, 14 000-ze meti ki<br />

moklulia sakuTar miwa-wyalze, daxvrites<br />

mRvdeli mama andria, daarbies<br />

eklesiebi. samwuxarod, ruseTis mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesia Tavis bundovan<br />

gancxadebebSi TiTqos gmobda Zaladobas,<br />

magram am yvelaferSi iribad<br />

qarTvelebs adanaSaulebda. ruseTis<br />

patriarqma aleqsi II TbilisSi y<strong>of</strong>nisas<br />

Tavi aarida am problemebze msjelobas.<br />

cxum-afxazeTisa da cxinvalis<br />

eparqiebidan separatistebis mier<br />

gamoZevebulia qarTveli samRvdeloeba,<br />

am dros ruseTis eklesia saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqos gverdis avliT cdilobs<br />

iq rusi sasuliero pirebis damkvidrebas<br />

da amas amarTlebs mosaxleobis

132<br />

religiuri moTxovnilebiT. iseT viTarebasTan<br />

gvaqvs saqme, rom rogorc ruseTis<br />

saxelmwifo, aseve eklesia sajarod<br />

aRiareben saqarTvelos teritoriul<br />

mTlianobas, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

teritoriul avtokefalias, magram<br />

sinamdvileSi piriqiT iqcevian. am<br />

mxriv Tundac is faqti rad Rirs, rom<br />

cxinvalis separatistuli SeiaraRebuli<br />

formirebis aRlumze ruseTis vladikavkazis<br />

eparqiis winamZRoli monawileobs?!<br />

ruseTis `patriot mecnierTa~<br />

wreebSi gaCnda mosazrebani axali aTonis<br />

monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis<br />

dabrunebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />

II mkacrad gmobs yovelive amas. ruseTis<br />

patriarq aleqsi II-sadmi gagzavnil<br />

werilSi igi aRniSnavs: `me miviRe<br />

sakmaod ucnauri da gaugebari werili<br />

da aucileblad miviCnie igi gamecno<br />

TqvenTvis, miT umetes, igi rusuli da<br />

qarTuli avtokefaliuri eklesiebis<br />

urTierTobebs exeba...… upirveles yovlisa,<br />

gvaocebs, ratom erevian mecnierebi<br />

ori Zmuri avtokefaliuri eklesiis<br />

urTierTobaSi, vin misca maT amis<br />

uflebamosileba. me ar vfiqrob, rom es<br />

Tqvengan miecaT. mtkiceba axali aTonis<br />

monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis<br />

dabrunebisa im motiviT, rom igi rusi<br />

ostatebis, rusi xalxisa da ruseTis<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xarjebiT<br />

moxda, arasworia. me SemiZlia mravali<br />

magaliTi moviyvano imis Taobaze, rom<br />

bevri qarTuli taZari da Senoba moskovSi,<br />

peterburgsa da ruseTis sxva<br />

qalaqebSi qarTveli mefeebisa da Tavadebis<br />

mier aris aSenebuli. Cven rom<br />

dRes erTmaneTs msgavsi pretenziebi<br />

wavuyenoT, es ar Seuwyobs xels Cveni<br />

xalxebisa da eklesiebis megobrobas.<br />

garda amisa,minda SegaxsenoT,1943 wels<br />

ruseTis eklesiam rodesac aRiara saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

teritoriuli avtokefalia, saqarTveloSi<br />

arsebuli yvela rusuli samwyso<br />

da monasteri saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

iurisdiqcias gadaeca~. patriarqma<br />

aseve mkacrad dagmo vladikavkazisa da<br />

stavropolis mitropolitis gedeonis<br />

mcdeloba `samxreT oseTis xalxisaTvis<br />

sulieri daxmarebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb~<br />

da dasZina: `upirveles yovlisa,<br />

meufe gedeonma albaT unda icodes,<br />

rom y<strong>of</strong>ili samxreT oseTis teritoria<br />

saqarTvelos uZvelesi teritoriaa,<br />

Tavisi gancxadebiT igi mtrobas Tesavs<br />

ara mxolod qarTvelebsa da osebs, aramed<br />

qarTvelebsa da rusebs Sorisac~.<br />

samwuxarod, ruseTis eklesiam mkafiod<br />

ver gasca pasuxi, Tu ratom xdeba yovelive<br />

es, verc 1992 wlis oqtomberSi,<br />

rodesac uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia<br />

II mimarTa ruseTis patriarq aleqsi<br />

II da sTxova, gamoeyenebina Tavisi avtoriteti<br />

afxazeTSi datrialebuli<br />

sisxlisRvris SesaCereblad, da verc<br />

Semdgom. ruseT-saqarTvelos politikuri<br />

urTierTobebis istoriaSi<br />

yvelaze rTuli arc amoucnobi niSnis<br />

TviTmfrinavebiT saqarTvelos mosaz-<br />

Rvre teritoriebis permanentuli dabombva,<br />

arc ekonomikuri blokada da<br />

arc ormagi standartis politika aRmoCnda,<br />

aramed 2006 wlis Semodgomaze<br />

qarTvelTa damamcirebeli deportacia<br />

ruseTis sxvadasxva qalaqidan da eTnikuri<br />

niSnis mixedviT maTi devna.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ori qveynis<br />

urTierToba saSiS zRvars gadascda.<br />

am viTarebaSi ruseTis sapatriarqos<br />

mier saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />

II miwveva moskovSi marTlmadidebeli<br />

enciklopediis me-13 tomis prezentaciaze<br />

dasaswrebad scildeboda enciklopediis<br />

prezentaciis farglebs.<br />

viziti 2007 wlis 1_5 marts Sedga. patriarqi<br />

am dros saqarTvelos saero<br />

da sasuliero winamZRoli iyo. mravalricxovani<br />

qarTuli delegacia<br />

fiqrobda, msjelobda, rogori Sedegebi<br />

eqneboda am vizits. yvela Relavda,<br />

mSvidad mxolod misi uwmidesoba iyo.

man pirvelsave <strong>of</strong>icialur Sexvedraze<br />

mkafiod ganacxada: `Cven CamovediT<br />

friad sapasuxismgeblo dros, rodesac<br />

ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebi<br />

sagrZnoblad garTulda...…<br />

vimedovnebT, rom es urTierTobebi<br />

uaxloes momavalSi gaumjobesdeba da<br />

mivxvdebiT, rom mezobel saxelmwifoebs<br />

Soris urTierTobebi unda iyos<br />

stabiluri da megobruli. Cven erTmaneTs<br />

vWirdebiT. arsebobs SesaniSnavi<br />

brZnuli gamonaTqvami: diliT, amomaval<br />

mzeze adre xedav mezobels…...<br />

saqarTvelos sWirdeba erTiani megobruli<br />

ruseTi,masac unda sWirdebodes<br />

erTiani megobruli saqarTvelo...~.<br />

patriarqma 4 marts moskovis<br />

macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi uwmides<br />

aleqsi II-sTan erToblivi RvTismsaxurebis<br />

Semdeg mTeli ms<strong>of</strong>lios gasagonad<br />

ganacxada: `problemebi, romlebic<br />

warmoiSvnen afxazeTsa da cxinvalis<br />

regionSi, RvTis madliT gadawydeba<br />

qarTuli saxelmwifos, saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wiaRSi, xolo arCevnebi, romelic dRes<br />

tardeba afxazeTSi, saidanac 300 000<br />

mkvidri mcxovrebi gamoZevebulia, ar<br />

SeiZleba CaiTvalos legitimurad~.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

meTaurma kidev erTxel dagvanaxva,<br />

rom politika rTuli xelovnebaa,<br />

magram, rogorc azvirTebul okeaneSi<br />

gemis brZen winamZRols SeuZlia misi<br />

samSvidoboze gayvana, mis uwmidesobas<br />

Seswevs Zala urTules diplomatiur<br />

labirinTebSi mSvidad gaiaros, Tavisi<br />

qveynisa da dedaeklesiis interesebi<br />

daicvas taqtiTa da RirsebiT.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

samociqulo eklesiis meTauri 1917_18<br />

wlebSi uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion<br />

II gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas ani-<br />

Webda konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan<br />

urTierTobis damyarebas.<br />

1811 wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruse-<br />

Tis imperatorma aleqsandre I gaauqma<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia,<br />

133<br />

konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan<br />

gawyda mravalsaukunovani<br />

kavSiri. uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion<br />

II ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs, basili III<br />

werilSi mokled mouTxrobda saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesiis istorias 1811_1917 wlebSi,<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenas da acxadebda:<br />

`gulisxma vyav brZanebasa mociqulisasa<br />

Tanaxmad erTobisa mas sulisasa<br />

sakvirveliTa…... siyvaruliT mogikiTxav<br />

unetareso mamao da wrfeliTa guliTa<br />

giTxra: `qriste ars Cven Soris~,<br />

Rvawli Cemda iqnebis dacvai doRmatTa<br />

marTlmadideblobisaTa,romelTa arca<br />

gamcemel y<strong>of</strong>il ars eklesiai Cveni,<br />

gzad Cemda iqmnebis zrunvai keTildgomisaTvis<br />

wmidaTa RmerTisa eklesiaTa<br />

da keTili warmatebisaTvis erisa<br />

Cemisa zRuded Cemda iqmnebis kanonni~.<br />

konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqo<br />

ruseTis eklesiis gavleniT<br />

erideboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiasTan urTierTobas XX saukunis<br />

20-60-ian wlebSi. erTaderTi Sem-<br />

Txveva 1928 wels ukavSirdeba, rodesac<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesias axal stilze<br />

gadasvlis gamo mxardaWera sTxova.<br />

bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis xanaSi<br />

sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan<br />

piradi kontaqtebi gaZnelebuli iyo.<br />

konstantinopolis sapatriarqo sab-<br />

WoTa kavSiris mier mtrul samxedro<br />

organizaciad aRiarebuli `natos~<br />

wevri qveynis, TurqeTis teritoriaze<br />

mdebareobda da <strong>of</strong>icialuri xelisufleba<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesias ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan<br />

urTierTobas ukrZalavda. dRes xSirad<br />

kamaToben imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad<br />

iyo gamarTlebuli 1962 wels sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis efrem II<br />

Tanxmoba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sab-<br />

WoSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb. am organizaciis<br />

egidiT mowyobil samSvidobo

forumze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis warmomadgenlebs miecaT<br />

saSualeba,ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiaTa meTaurebisaTvis mkafiod<br />

ganemartaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli<br />

avtokefaliis arsi da moeTxovaT<br />

maTgan am avtokefaliis aRiareba.<br />

1963 wels Semoqmedeli episkoposi<br />

ilia monawileobda kunZul rodosze<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebis<br />

SexvedraSi, sadac saqarTvelos<br />

eklesia yvelaze axalgazrda<br />

avtonomiur eklesiad gamoacxades.<br />

amas mohyva meufe ilias mwvave reaqcia.<br />

man ganumarta damswreT, rom saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia aris<br />

uZvelesi samociqulo avtokefaliuri<br />

eklesia da moiTxovs Sesabamis pativiscemas.<br />

rodosidan dabrunebulma<br />

episkoposma iliam vrcel moxsenebiT<br />

baraTSi uwmidessa da unetares efrem<br />

II auxsna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis irgvliv Seqmnili vi-<br />

Tareba. uwmidesma da unetaresma efrem<br />

II mas daavala emuSava saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

saerTaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis,<br />

mecnierebTan TanamSromlobiT moeZia<br />

avtokefaliis istoriuli mtkicebulebani.<br />

daiwyo am mimarTulebiT daZabuli<br />

muSaoba. 1970 wlis 2 marts uwmidessa<br />

da unetares efrem II samuSao dRiurSi<br />

aseTi Canaweri gaukeTebia: `konstantinopolis<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi Cvens<br />

eklesiasTan ar aris keTilad ganwyobili,cnobilma<br />

viRacam (?) yurSi borotad<br />

CauCurCula, Cvens patriarqobas ar<br />

cnobs... Cven Cvens gzas vagrZelebT~.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis<br />

sakiTxebze intensiuri molaparakebebi<br />

gagrZelda uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II locva-kurTxeviT. 1978<br />

wlis 1_4 ivniss patriarqis mowveviT<br />

TbilisSi imy<strong>of</strong>eboda ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos<br />

delegacia, romelsac xelmZ-<br />

Rvanelobda qalkedonis mitropoliti<br />

melitoni. delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

iyvnen: filadelfiis mitropoliti<br />

barTolomeosi (axlandeli ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

patriarqi), SvedeTis mitropoliti<br />

pavle. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi<br />

gaimarTa pirveli seriozuli molaparakeba<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis aRiarebis sakiTxebze.<br />

1978 wlis 16 ivniss sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma<br />

da unetaresma ilia II sapatriarqo<br />

rezidenciaSi Sexvedra mouwyo qarTvel<br />

mecnierebs. Sexvedras eswrebodnen<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>esorebi: m. lorTqifaniZe,<br />

n. lomouri, o. jafariZe, p. zaqaraia,<br />

S. lomsaZe, i. sixaruliZe, g. mamulia, n.<br />

asaTiani, r. siraZe, a. bogveraZe, d. gogolaZe,<br />

T. beraZe, i. lolaSvili, b.<br />

lominaZe. uwmidesma da unetaresma qarTvel<br />

mecnierebs sTxova intensiurad<br />

emuSavaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

samociqulo eklesiis istoriaze.<br />

manve aRniSna, rom umokles droSi<br />

gadasaWrelia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis<br />

sakiTxi da Cveni amocanaa, myari<br />

istoriuli mtkicebulebebis mqone<br />

sabuTebiT davumtkicoT berZnul sapatriarqoebs,rom<br />

Cveni eklesiis meTauri<br />

V saukunidan kaTolikosis, xolo XI<br />

saukunidan kaTolikos-patriarqis wodebas<br />

atarebda. mecnierebma aRuTqves<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />

rom yvelafers gaakeTebdnen saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis interesebis<br />

dasacavad. umokles droSi<br />

Seiqmna n. lomouris, b. lominaZis, v.<br />

kiknaZis, d. gogolaZis, a. bendianiSvilis<br />

naSromebi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis istoriis calkeul<br />

problemebze.<br />

1979 wlis 2_8 maiss sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II Tanmxleb<br />

pirebTan erTad stambolSi imy<strong>of</strong>eboda<br />

konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio patri-<br />

134

135<br />

arqis, uwmidesi dimitriosis miwveviT.<br />

`TiTqmis rvaasi welia, rac konstantinopolSi<br />

ar y<strong>of</strong>ila saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, _ ganacxada<br />

misma uwmidesobam, _ bednieri var, rom<br />

wilad mxvda da RvTis locva-kurTxeviT<br />

Camovedi am qalaqSi, romelic<br />

saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi iyo centri<br />

eklesiuri, kulturuli da samecniero<br />

cxovrebisa da moRvaweobisa...… Cveni<br />

eklesia mudam grZnobda, Tu ra didi<br />

mniSvneloba eniWeboda da eniWeba<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos, is mudam unda<br />

y<strong>of</strong>iliyo im Zalad, romelic daakav-<br />

Sirebda avtokefaliur eklesiebs~.<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

Sexvda ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos mmarTvel<br />

mRvdelmTavrebs, gaimarTa azrTa<br />

gaziareba marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa<br />

urTierTobis sakiTxebze. uwmidesma da<br />

unetaresma ilia II Sexvedraze aseTi<br />

gancxadeba gaakeTa: `rodesac werils<br />

an milocvas gvigzavnis konstantinopolis<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqo, sworad<br />

ar aris moxseniebuli sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, ise<br />

rogorc wodebulia V saukunidan…...<br />

saeklesio forumebsa da konferenciebze<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia kanonierad unda ikavebdes<br />

Tavis adgils...… roca xdeba kuTvnili<br />

VI adgilis darRveva, es gavlenas axdens<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiaze da mis<br />

avtoritetze mTel ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi...… Cven<br />

gvsurs, rom es sakiTxi erTxel da<br />

samudamod mowesrigdes... ar viTxovT<br />

axali ramis mocemas an damtkicebas,<br />

Cven gvinda aRvadginoT winandeli mdgomareoba,<br />

romelic, samwuxarod, 1811<br />

wels davkargeT~. konstantinopolis<br />

sapatriarqos saxeliT gamosulma qalkedonis<br />

mitropolitma melitonma<br />

aRuTqva saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis meTaurs, rom es sakiTxebi<br />

dadebiTad gadaiWreboda dasabuTebuli<br />

istoriuli masalebis safuZvelze.<br />

daZabuli molaparakebebi gagrZelda<br />

11 weli. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia avtokefaliisa da diptixis<br />

sakiTxebSi araviTar kompromiss ar<br />

cnobda. 1982 wlis 3 ivliss ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

patriarq dimitriosisadmi gagzavnil<br />

werilSi, romelsac xels awerdnen uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II, saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis 13 mRvdelmTavari, naTqvami<br />

iyo: `Tu konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

sapatriarqo sadavod miiCnevs saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesiis adgils diptixSi, im SemTxvevaSi<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gau-<br />

Wirdeba monawileoba miiRos ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

sapatriarqos mier mowyobil RonisZiebebSi~.<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqom gaaprotesta<br />

1981 wels saberZneTisa da<br />

kviprosis eklesiebis mier Sedgenil<br />

kalendarSi saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

me-6 adgilze mouxsenebloba. mis uwmidesobas<br />

moubodiSes,rom iZulebulni<br />

iyvnen daecvaT ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos<br />

mier avtokefaliuri eklesiebisaTvis<br />

gankuTvnili rigi. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

ilia II qarTvel mecnierebTan<br />

konsultaciis Semdeg ms<strong>of</strong>lios mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiebis meTaurebs<br />

daugzavna dasabuTebuli, istoriuli<br />

dokumentebiT gajerebuli werilebi,<br />

romlebic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliasa da mar-<br />

Tlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris me-6<br />

adgils gulisxmobda. patriarqma moZme<br />

eklesiebisgan werilobiTi mxardaWera<br />

moiTxova. misi uwmidesobis moTxovnas<br />

dadebiTad gamoexmaurnen moskovisa da<br />

sruliad ruseTis patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />

pimeni (1982w. 29. IX),praRisa da Cexoslovakiis<br />

mitropoliti doroTeosi (1982w.<br />

16. VII), bulgareTis patriarqi maqsime<br />

(1982w. 16. V), aleqsandriisa da sruliad<br />

afrikis papi da patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />

nikoloz VI (1982w. 1. IX). mravalmxriv<br />

sagulisxmo iyo ierusalimis patriarqis<br />

diodorosis pasuxi: `Zmuri siyvaruliT<br />

miviReT CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli<br />

Tqveni uwmidesobisa da unetareso-

is werili, romelmac mogvagona da<br />

ukan mogvaxeda eklesiuri faqtebisaken,<br />

gviCvena uZvelesi droidanve dadgenilad<br />

sruliad marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa<br />

Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

istoriuli avtokefalia…...<br />

dabejiTebiT mogaxsenebT, rom adgilobriv<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa<br />

erTsulovnebiT saqarTvelos mowamebrivma,<br />

magram amave dros didebulma<br />

sapatriarqom unda miiRos misi<br />

Sesabamisi adgili konstantinopolis<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos diptixSi~. uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II werils<br />

dauyovnebliv upasuxa ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

patriarqma: `miviRe da Sesaferisi yuradRebiT<br />

gavecaniT Cveni wmida sinodis<br />

krebaze CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli<br />

da sasurveli Tqveni unetaresobis da<br />

wmida sinodis Zmur werils, romelic<br />

Seexeba wmida diptixSi Tqveni eklesiis<br />

adgils istoriuli da kanonieri<br />

monacemebiT. gacnobebT, rom igi<br />

gansaxilvelad gadaegzavna sinodis<br />

sabWos~.<br />

1988 wlis agvistoSi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II mowveviT<br />

TbilisSi Camovida konstantinopolis<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi uwmidesi<br />

dimitriosi, moiloca qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi,<br />

xelovnebis muzeumSi<br />

daaTvaliera qarTuli saeklesio siwmindeni.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi gaaoca<br />

eklesia-monastrebSi mrevlis, ZiriTadad<br />

axalgazrdobis simravlem. saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqoSi wmida sinodis<br />

wevrebTan, qarTvel mecnierebTan<br />

gaimarTa msjeloba saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis<br />

istoriuli avtokefaliis cnobisa da<br />

diptixSi VI adgilis dakavebis Sesaxeb.<br />

gadawyda aRniSnul sakiTxebze<br />

molaparakebebis gagrZeleba. 1988_89<br />

wlebSi saqarTveloSi avtokefaliis<br />

sakiTxebze molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen<br />

mitropolitebi: qrizosTomosi<br />

da damaskinosi. uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

136<br />

ilia II yvela sityvas, romelic aRiarebis<br />

teqstSi unda Sesuliyo, gansakuTrebul<br />

mniSvnelobas aniWebda. molaparakebebi<br />

iyo rTuli, magram konstruqciuli.<br />

1990 wlis 7 ianvars (Zv. st. 25 dekembers)<br />

mitropolitma qrizosTomosma<br />

wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg sionis<br />

sapatriarqo taZarSi <strong>of</strong>icialurad gamoacxada<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos gadawyvetileba<br />

saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis da<br />

misi meTauris sapatriarqo titulis<br />

aRiarebis Sesaxeb. 1990 wlis 4 marts<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

meTaurma uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

ilia II ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarq dimitriosis<br />

xelmoweriT miiRo ori sigeli: `1.<br />

saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobisa<br />

da mtkicebis sigeli~, romlis Tanaxmadac<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom miiRo<br />

gadawyvetileba `cnos da daamtkicos<br />

saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis avtokefalia<br />

da damoukidebeli struqtura~.<br />

2. `dimitriosis, wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa<br />

mTavarepiskoposis konstantinopolisa,<br />

axlisa romisa da ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis<br />

ganCinebiT saqarTvelos uwmidesi<br />

eklesia pativdebul iqnes sapatriarqo<br />

RirsebiTa da adgiliT,rogorc adridanve<br />

ixsenieboda uZveles qronikebsa<br />

da sxva saeklesio wyaroebSi<br />

misi tituli _ `mTavarepiskoposi<br />

mcxeTa-Tbilisisa da kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

sruliad saqarTveloisa~.<br />

misma uwmidesobam guliTadi madloba<br />

moaxsena ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos istoriuli<br />

samarTlianobis aRdgenisaTvis<br />

da gamoTqva rwmena diptixis sakiTxis<br />

iseve samarTlianad gadawyvetisa, rogorc<br />

avtokefaliis aRiarebisas moxda.<br />

saqarTvelo mouTmenlad eloda<br />

misi uwmidesobis samSobloSi dabrunebas.<br />

erTi weli sruldeboda 1989<br />

wlis 9 aprilis sisxliani dReebidan,<br />

erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba<br />

mkafiod svamda saqarTvelos sax-

elmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis<br />

sakiTxs. rogorc 1917 wlis 12<br />

(25) marts saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena win uswrebda<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis<br />

gamocxadebas, ise moxda 73<br />

wlis Semdegac. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis<br />

sigelebiT xeldamSvenebuli<br />

patriarqi dabrunda samSobloSi.<br />

Tbilisis aeroportidan sapatriarqo<br />

rezidenciamde bednierebisagan acremlebuli,<br />

erT muStad Sekruli qarTveloba<br />

acilebda Tavis Rirseul sulier<br />

winamZRols. man 18 marts sionis<br />

sapatriarqo taZarSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi<br />

miuloca qarTvel ers istoriuli<br />

dRe da aRniSna: `amjerad xelT<br />

gvaqvs is sabuTebi, romelsac saqarTvelo<br />

1500 wlis manZilze eloda…... isini<br />

imdenad didi mniSvnelobis sabuTebia,<br />

rom verasdros, RvTis wyalobiTa da<br />

RvTis locva-kurTxeviT, veravin veRar<br />

Seaxebs xels saqarTvelos eklesias~.<br />

sxva rom araferi gaekeTebina mis uwmidesobas,<br />

marto es ey<strong>of</strong>oda istoria-<br />

Si Sesasvlelad.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan urTierTobas<br />

yovelTvis gansakuTrebul<br />

mniSvnelobas aniWebda. 1991 wlis 29<br />

aprils TurqeTis xelisuflebam stambolis<br />

meris moadgilis meSveobiT<br />

gamoiZaxa ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi dimitriosi<br />

da mouwyo dakiTxva. Turqe-<br />

Tis xelisufleba XV saukunidan ar<br />

cnobs ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos da konstantinopolis<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqebs<br />

adgilobrivi berZnuli Temis eklesiis<br />

meTaurebs uwodebs. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

sapatriarqos pativisa da Rirsebis dasacavad<br />

xma aRimaRla, TurqeTis prezident<br />

Turgut ozalisadmi gagzavnil<br />

werilSi dagmo ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis<br />

dakiTxvis faqti da gamoTqva rwmena,<br />

rom msgavsi incidenti ar ganmeordeboda.<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma gaamxneva<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi: `saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqo mudam TqvenTan iqneba,~<br />

_ganacxada uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

ilia II. es moxda im dros, rodesac<br />

demokratiuli ms<strong>of</strong>lios religiur<br />

konfesiaTa liderebi TurqeTis xelisuflebis<br />

ganawyenebas moeridnen<br />

da Seqmnil viTarebaSi dumili amjobines.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom mkacrad<br />

dagmo ruseTis imperiuli politika<br />

afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi da<br />

mouwoda ruseTis sapatriarqos, Tavi<br />

Seikavos religiuri separatizmis mxardaWerisagan.<br />

1994 wlis maisSi konstantinopolis<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi barTolomeos<br />

I patriarqis rangSi ewvia saqarTvelos.<br />

qveyanaSi Seqmnili rTuli socialur-politikuri<br />

viTarebis miuxedavad,<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiam Rirseuli<br />

maspinZloba gauwia mas. 2003 wlis<br />

19_24 seqtembers ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi<br />

barTolomeos I kvlav stumrobda saqa-<br />

137<br />

rTvelos, imogzaura quTais-gaenaTis,<br />

xonis, baTumisa da sxalTis eparqiebSi,<br />

moiloca qarTuli siwmideebi. samebis<br />

sakaTedro taZris daTvalierebis<br />

Semdeg uwmidesma barTolomeos I ganacxada:<br />

`es taZari iqneba beWedi, didi<br />

warmateba Tqveni kaTolikos-patriarqisa,<br />

romelsac bevri ram aqvs gakeTebuli,magram<br />

es iqneba gvirgvini misi moRvaweobisa~.<br />

patriarqma barTolomeosma<br />

aseve brZana: `rac ufro meti problemis<br />

winaSe dgas saqarTvelo, miT ufro<br />

metad izrdeba xalxis rwmena da maTi<br />

mxurvale damokidebuleba marTlmadideblobisadmi.<br />

es imas niSnavs, rom<br />

qarTveli xalxi problemebTan SesabrZoleblad<br />

Zalas iRebs Semoqmedi<br />

RmerTisgan~.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis miwveviT uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II araerTxel<br />

Cavida konstantinopolSi, ewvia<br />

istoriul kapadokias, moiloca istoriuli<br />

saqarTvelos, tao-klarjeTis<br />

eklesia-monastrebi,gaamxneva TurqeTis<br />

respublikaSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisa<br />

da aleqsandriis sapatriarqos<br />

urTierTobebi 1917_70-ian wlebSi mxolod<br />

saaxalwlo, saaRdgomo da sa-<br />

Sobao milocvebiT Semoifargleboda.<br />

aleqsandriis uZveles eklesiasTan<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

daaxloebis procesi daiwyo 1976<br />

wlidan, rodesac aleqsandriis papi da<br />

patriarqi nikoloz VI soxumSi Sexvda<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

sagareo gany<strong>of</strong>ilebis Tavmjdomares,<br />

cxum-afxazeTis mitropolits<br />

ilias. mitropolitma iliam didi<br />

STabeWdileba moaxdina aleqsandriis<br />

patriarqze. 1981 wlis 20_31 ivliss<br />

aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis<br />

papi da patriarqi <strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT<br />

estumra saqarTvelos. uwmidesma da<br />

unetaresma aleqsandriis patriarqTan<br />

erTad moiloca saqarTvelos moqmedi<br />

eklesia-monastrebi. uwmidesi nikoloz<br />

VI saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis meTaurs dahpirda mxardaWeras<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli<br />

avtokefaliis aRiarebis saqmeSi. im<br />

dros, roca qarTveli swavlulebisaTvis<br />

sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro<br />

centrebSi muSaoba auxdeneli<br />

ocneba iyo, aleqsandriis patriarqma<br />

ganacxada: `didi siamovnebiT miviReb<br />

Tqven mier movlinebul qarTvel mecnierebs,<br />

romlebic aleqsandriisa da<br />

kairos samonastro biblioTekebSi<br />

dacul qarTul xelnawerebs Seiswavlian<br />

da maT fotopirebs gadaiReben~.<br />

darbazobaze unetaresma nikoloz VI<br />

brZana: `kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II<br />

saxe saSualebas maZlevs vTqva, rom<br />

dRes saqarTvelos eklesiaSi batonobs<br />

sibrZne,siyvaruli,Zliereba. igi Zalze<br />

energiulad uZRveba eklesiis saWes da<br />

RvTis Svilebi uflis mier dakanonebuli<br />

gziT mihyavs~.<br />

1984 wlis 18_30 maiss uwmidesi da<br />

unetaresi ilia II <strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT<br />

estumra aleqsandriis sapatriarqos,<br />

moinaxula aleqsandriis sa-<br />

138<br />

patriarqos siwmideebi, moiloca wmida<br />

ekaterines monasteri sinis mTaze,<br />

daaTvaliera monastris unikaluri<br />

biblioTeka, sadac qarTuli xelnaweri<br />

wignebic aris daculi. uwmidesma da<br />

unetaresma ilia II madloba gadauxada<br />

aleqsandriis patriarqs da aRniSna:<br />

`Cvens xalxebs didi niWi mohmadla<br />

ufalma, amitomac ufro mZime iyo da<br />

aris jvari Cveni erebisa,TiTqos saqristianos<br />

sazRvrebis darajad daadgina<br />

ufalma isini, amitomac arian umetesad<br />

gvemulni da jvarcmulni, magram RvTis<br />

SewevniT kvlavac mkvdreTiT aRmdgarni<br />

da amaRlebulni~. aleqsandriis<br />

uZveles sapatriarqosa da saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebel samociqulo<br />

eklesias Soris guliTadi, megobruli<br />

urTierToba damyarda. aleqsandriis<br />

papma da patriarqma nikoloz VI gansakuTrebiT<br />

Seiyvara saqarTvelo. 1981<br />

wlidan moyolebuli, igi yovel zafxuls<br />

Camodioda saqarTveloSi. misi<br />

esodeni ltolva saqarTvelosaken axlobelTa<br />

gaocebasac iwvevda. uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi ilia II Cveuli qarTuli<br />

stumarmaspinZlobis wesis dacviT<br />

xvdeboda stumars. uwmidesi nikoloz<br />

VI poziciam gadamwyveti roli Seasrula<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis<br />

aRiarebis saqmeSi. 1984 wlis zafxulSi<br />

unetaresma nikoloz VI am sityvebiT<br />

mimarTa qarTvel mrevls: `me albaT<br />

metad veRar SegxvdebiT, magram locvebiT<br />

mudam TqvenTan viqnebi~, igi 1984<br />

wlis 9 ivliss gardaicvala. misi saqme<br />

ganagrZes unetaresma parTeniosma da<br />

petre VII.<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />

mizani iyo yvela marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiasTan Zmuri, megobruli urTier-<br />

Tobis damyareba, magram mTavari mainc<br />

pirveli oTxi sapatriarqo iyo: konstantinopolis,<br />

aleqsandriis, antioqiisa<br />

da ierusalimis. saqarTvelos<br />

samociqulo eklesia ierusalimisa<br />

da antioqiis sapatriarqoTa wiaRidan

139<br />

warmoiSva. qristianuli saqarTvelo<br />

mravali saukunis manZilze ierusalimTan<br />

iyo dakavSirebuli. V saukuneSi<br />

palestinaSi moRvaweobda petre<br />

qarTveli, romelmac daaarsa qarTuli<br />

monasteri. aqedan moyolebuli XIX<br />

saukunemde, qarTvelebi mravlad iyvnen<br />

wmida miwaze qarTul monastrebSi.<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis dros ukve aSenda<br />

didi monasteri, romelic XI saukunis<br />

30_50-ian wlebSi ganuaxlebia jvris<br />

monastris saxeliT giorgi _ proxore<br />

_ qarTvels. XIV saukuneSi qarTvelebi<br />

golgoTas floben da macxovris<br />

saflavis kliteni qarTvelTa sakuTrebaa.<br />

istoriulma qartexilebma<br />

qarTvelebis poziciebi Seasusta ierusalimSi,<br />

gansakuTrebiT XIX saukuneSi,<br />

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis<br />

ruseTis mmarTvelobaSi tyveobis Jams.<br />

yoveli mcdeloba ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan<br />

urTierTobis aRdgenisa<br />

XX saukunis 20--60-ian wlebSi uSedego<br />

aRmoCnda, mxolod 1977 wlis Semdeg<br />

daiwyo ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan<br />

intensiuri molaparakebebi. 1980 wlis<br />

30 maisidan 5 ivnisamde misi uwmidesoba,<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi<br />

ierusalimis patriarqis<br />

benediqte I miwveviT ierusalimSi imy<strong>of</strong>eboda.<br />

mTeli ms<strong>of</strong>lio gaaoca im<br />

faqtma, rom qarTvel patriarqs aRtacebis<br />

SeZaxilebiTa da cremlebiT Sexvdnen<br />

qarTveli ebraelebi, romlebic<br />

gamoxatavdnen udides siyvaruls da<br />

pativiscemas misi uwmidesobis da misi<br />

saxiT sruliad saqarTvelos mimarT.<br />

israelis religiis saqmeTa ministrma<br />

uwmidesTan Sexvedraze ganacxada:<br />

`verc erTi qveyana ver Seedreba saqarTvelos<br />

ebraelebTan Tbili, megobruli<br />

urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

saukuneTa manZilze am urTierTobebSi<br />

ar y<strong>of</strong>ila araviTari gaugebroba. madloba<br />

Tqven amisaTvis~. am <strong>of</strong>icialur<br />

Sexvedraze pirvelad daisva jvris<br />

monastris dabrunebis sakiTxi. ierusalimis<br />

patriarq benediqtesTan Sexvedraze<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia<br />

II ganacxada: `Cveni Camosvlis mizania<br />

aRdges is Zveli tradiciuli urTier-<br />

Tobani, rac gagvaCnda adre warsulSi.<br />

Cveni qveynebis avbediTobam Sewyvita es<br />

Zmuri urTierToba da dRes ki vfiqrob,<br />

dadga dro, ierusalimis eklesiam unda<br />

Seasrulos is didi misia, rac deda<br />

eklesias ekuTvnis~. 300 wlis Semdeg es<br />

iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac wmida<br />

qalaq ierusalims saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis meTauri estumra.<br />

1981 wlis 17_20 seqtembers saqarTveloSi<br />

<strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT Camovida<br />

misi unetaresoba, wmidisa qalaqisa<br />

ierusalimis patriarqi diodoros I,<br />

romelmac ganacxada, rom es Sexvedra<br />

iyo istoriuli `imitom, rom pirvelad<br />

didi xnis Semdeg Cveni ori eklesiis<br />

mamamTavrebs kvlav mogveca erToblivi<br />

Tanamwirvelobis SesaZlebloba~.<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II naTlad<br />

mianiSna ierusalimis patriarqs<br />

qarTvelebis survilze: `Cven gvjera,<br />

rom Tqveni saxeli oqros asoebiT<br />

Caiwereba ara marto ierusalimis, aramed<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSic.<br />

aRdgeba is kurTxeuli tradicia,<br />

rodesac Cveni qarTveli berebi kvlav<br />

imoRvaweben ierusalimis wmida miwaze~.<br />

qarTvelologiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba<br />

hqonda ierusalimis patriarqis<br />

pirobas, romelic man k. kekeliZis<br />

saxelobis xelnawerTa institutSi<br />

stumrobisas elene metrevels misca, _<br />

instituts miawvdida jvris monaster-<br />

Si daculi im qarTuli xelnawerebis<br />

mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmebs, romlebic aqamde ar iyo<br />

Seswavlili. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiasa da ierusalimis sapatriarqos<br />

Soris aRdga istoriuli<br />

urTierTobani.<br />

1987 wlis oqtomberSi uwmidesi da<br />

unetaresi ilia II kvlav estumra wmida<br />

qalaq ierusalims. am vizitis dros<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>liom TvalnaTliv dainaxa istoriulad<br />

qarTveli eris tolerantobisa

140<br />

da sxva erebisadmi sanimuSo pativiscemis<br />

nay<strong>of</strong>i. qarTveli ebraelebi kvlav<br />

didi siyvaruliT Seegebnen sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs.<br />

didi xnis win Tbilisidan, quTaisidan,<br />

zestafonidan, onidan, kulaSidan wasuli<br />

ebraelebi modiodnen SvilebiT,<br />

SviliSvilebiT da aRtacebulni ovaciebs<br />

umarTavdnen uwmidessa da unetaress.<br />

ierusalimis mTavarma Jurnalma<br />

statiaSi `saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

ilia II piligrimoba ierusalimSi~<br />

ase daaxasiaTa saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli: `kaTolikospatriarqi<br />

ilia II aris gulRia, dinamikuri<br />

pirovneba. man saqarTvelos<br />

uZvelesi eklesia, Tbilisi, rogorc<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris erT-erTi respublikis<br />

centri, Zveli mcxeTa, rogorc sasuliero<br />

dedaqalaqi, axali ayvavebis<br />

gziT waiyvana~<br />

2000 wels,qristeSobis did dResaswaulze<br />

misi uwmidesoba mravalricxovan<br />

mrevlTan erTad kvlav CabrZanda<br />

ierusalimSi. aRsrulda patriarqis<br />

survili, ierusalimSi ukve qarTveli<br />

berebi da monazvnebic arian. RvTis<br />

SewevniT,wmida miwaze qarTvelebs aqvT<br />

adgili, sadac aSendeba monasteri. mar-<br />

Talia, jvris monasteri jerjerobiT<br />

isev berZnebis xelSia, magram uflis<br />

SewevniT daubrundeba kanonier mflobels.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

samociqulo eklesiisaTvis didmniSvnelovani<br />

movlena iyo antioqiis sapatriarqosTan<br />

istoriuli urTierTobis<br />

aRdgena. saqarTveloSi qristianobis<br />

saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis<br />

Semdeg (IV_V ss.) qarTuli samwyso antioqiis<br />

sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi<br />

Sedioda. antioqiis patriarqebs Sua<br />

saukuneebSi pretenzia hqondaT qar-<br />

Tul samwysoze, magram XI saukunis 50-<br />

ian wlebSi giorgi mTawmidelis dasabuTebuli<br />

pasuxebis Semdeg, romelmac<br />

antioqiis patriarqs Seaxsena saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samociqulo<br />

warmomavloba, es pretenziebi<br />

Sewyda. XV_XIX saukuneebSi, mahmadianTa<br />

mZlavrobis xanaSi, antioqiis<br />

sapatriarqo, romelic bizantiis imperiaSi<br />

mdebareobda, umZimes viTarebaSi<br />

aRmoCnda, Tumca, sapatriarqom moaxerxa<br />

Tavis gadarCena da aRmosavleTis (siria,<br />

libani) qristianuli centris funqciis<br />

SenarCuneba. marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiaTa Soris didi avtoritetis<br />

mqone antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis<br />

patriarqi unetaresi egnate<br />

IV 1981 wlis oqtomberSi <strong>of</strong>icialuri<br />

vizitiT estumra saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesias. sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II sapatio<br />

stumars daaTvalierebina Tbilisisa<br />

da mcxeTis RirsSesaniSnaobani.<br />

sazeimo miRebaze gamoiTqva rwmena, rom<br />

ormxrivi urTierToba, romelic Cven<br />

or eklesias saukuneTa manZilze hqonda,<br />

kidev ufro gaRrmavdeboda.<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II,<br />

rogorc saeklesio politikis udidesma<br />

mcodnem, yovelTvis kargad icoda,<br />

rom marTlmadidebel ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi eqvsi<br />

berZnuli sapatriarqo gadamwyvet<br />

rols asrulebda yvela mniSvnelovani<br />

sakiTxis gadaWraSi. garda amisa, sazRvargareT<br />

arsebuli qarTuli istoriuli<br />

samonastro centrebis umravlesoba<br />

am eqvsi sapatriarqos teritoriazea.<br />

amitom Cveni eklesiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba<br />

hqonda aTenisa da sruliad<br />

eladis,agreTve kviprosis eklesiebTan<br />

megobruli urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas.<br />

1976 wlis 17_20 ivniss, jer kidev<br />

cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia iyo<br />

uSualo maspinZeli aTenisa da eladis<br />

eklesiis mravalricxovani delegaciisa,<br />

romelSic 7 mitropoliti da 11<br />

mRvdeli Sedioda. mitropolit ilias<br />

aseTi Canaweri aqvs gakeTebuli: `pirvelad<br />

erTgvari eWvis TvaliT gviyurebdnen,<br />

igrZnoboda raRac daZabuloba<br />

da undobloba berZnebis mxridan, Semdeg<br />

TiTqos galRva yinuli... maT ga-

141<br />

moTqves survili CvenTan TanamSromlobisa,<br />

moiTxoves studentebis gacvla.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiam xelidan ar<br />

unda gauSvas es momenti. studentebis<br />

gagzavniT mivaRwevT sam mizans: 1. SeviZenT<br />

berZnuli enis specialistebs,<br />

2. qarTuli eklesia maTi meSveobiT<br />

ufro daukavSirdeba berZnul eklesias,<br />

3. am studentebis meSveobiT Cveni<br />

eklesia da qarTveli mecnierebi daukavSirdebian<br />

aTonis iverTa monasters<br />

da iq dacul qarTul xelnawerebs~.<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis mondomebiT<br />

eladis eklesiasTan damyarda megobruli<br />

urTierToba. 2002 wels aTenisa<br />

da sruliad eladis mTavarepiskoposi<br />

qristodulosi Camovida saqarTveloSi,<br />

Sexvda qarTvel mecnierebs, gamoxata<br />

aRfrTovaneba saqarTveloSi qristianuli<br />

sarwmunoebis aRmavlobis gamo da<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiasTan urTierTobis<br />

kidev ufro gaRrmavebis survili<br />

gamoTqva: `Cveni dRevandeli Tanamwirveloba<br />

aris umaRlesi gamoxatuleba<br />

moZme eklesiebis saWeTmpyrobelTa<br />

urTierTobisa da warmoadgens beWeds<br />

gaazrebuli ormxrivi siyvarulisa da<br />

urTierTis mimarT rwmenisa~.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis<br />

RvawliTa da locva-kurTxeviT<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />

samociqulo eklesias estumrnen: bulgareTis<br />

patriarqi maqsime, rumineTis<br />

patriarqi Teoqsite, Cexoslovakiis<br />

eklesiis meTauri doroTeosi, varSavisa<br />

da poloneTis mitropoliti vasili,<br />

serbeTis patriarqi pavle, amerikisa da<br />

kanadis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

meTaurebi: jer Teodosi, Semdeg hermane.<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II stumrobda<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiebs, xvdeboda ara marto eklesiaTa<br />

meTaurebs, aramed qveynis politikur<br />

pirebsac. misi uwmidesoba Tavis<br />

misasalmebel sityvas saqarTvelos<br />

istoriis, saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

eklesiis unikalurobisa da TavisTavadobis<br />

raobis garkveviT iwyebda. gasuli<br />

saukunis 70_90-ian wlebSi ms<strong>of</strong>liom<br />

Zalian cota icoda saqarTveloze,<br />

qarTvel xalxze. saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis<br />

meTauri iyo qarTveli eris is sulieri<br />

winamZRoli, romelsac qarTvelTa<br />

cnobadobis rTuli da sapatio misia<br />

hqonda dakisrebuli. am Sexvedrebma, patriarqis<br />

saocarma pirovnulma xiblma<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebel eklesieb-<br />

Si kidev ufro aamaRla saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis avtoriteti da ganamtkica<br />

azri misi istoriulobis Sesaxeb. amitom<br />

1990 wels, rodesac ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom<br />

aRiara saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis<br />

avtokefalia, yvelam mxari dauWira da<br />

sagangebo milocvebi gamougzavna mis<br />

uwmidesobas.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesia istoriulad, qveynis<br />

geostrategiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare,<br />

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />

aniWebda gansxvavebul religiur<br />

konfesiebTan urTierTobas, romelic<br />

urTierTpativiscemis principebs eyrdnoboda.<br />

Sua saukuneebSi monRolebis,<br />

iranelebisa da osmalebis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolaSi qarTveli mefeebi, kaTolikos-patriarqebi<br />

cdilobdnen dasavleT<br />

evropis qveynebTan mokavSireobiT<br />

ganemtkicebinaT saxelmwifoebrioba da<br />

Seuryvnelad daecvaT marTlmadidebluri<br />

qristianuli sarwmunoeba. am<br />

miznebs emsaxureboda qarTvel mefeTa<br />

da kaTolikos-patriarqTa werilebi,<br />

romauli kaTolikuri eklesiis meTaurebisadmi<br />

gagzavnili. Tavis mxriv, romis<br />

kaTolikurma eklesiam isargebla<br />

aRmosavleTis qveynebis mZime politikuri<br />

da ekonomikuri mdgomareobiT<br />

da `propaganda de fides~ organizaciis<br />

meSveobiT aRmosavleTis qveynebSi,<br />

maT Soris saqarTveloSic, gamogzavna<br />

kaTolikobis saqadageblad misionerebi,<br />

romelnic cdilobdnen mosaxleobis<br />

darwmunebas, Tu marTlmadide-

142<br />

blobas datovebdnen da gadavidodnen<br />

kaTolikobaze,romis papi daicavda maT<br />

iran-osmaleTis Zalmomreobisagan.<br />

XV saukunis 30-ian wlebSi qarTvelma<br />

sasuliero pirebma xeli ar<br />

moaweres ferara-florenciis krebis<br />

oqms, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis kaTolikurTan<br />

gaerTianebas iTvaliswinebda. bevri<br />

ubedureba gadaitana saqarTvelom<br />

XVI_XIX saukuneebSi: masobrivi xocva-<br />

Jleta, eklesia-monastrebis rbeva, magram<br />

mtkiced SeinarCuna marTlmadidebluri<br />

sarwmunoeba. XVI_XVIII saukuneebSi<br />

iran-osmaleTis mier dapyrobil<br />

qarTul miwa-wyalze romis papis mier<br />

gamogzavnilma misionerebma moaxerxes<br />

qarTvelTa nawilis kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze<br />

gadayvana…... XIX saukuneSi<br />

ruseTis saimperatoro xelisufleba-<br />

Si somxebma TavianTi momxreebis meSveobiT<br />

imperator nikoloz II gamoacemines<br />

kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac qarTveli<br />

kaTolikeebi somxur tipikonze<br />

unda gadasuliyvnen, e. i. gasomxebuliyvnen.<br />

am viTarebaSi qarTveli marTlmadideblebic<br />

gamoesarClnen istoriuli<br />

Znelbedobis Jams sjulSecvlil<br />

TanamoZmeebs. es dava gagrZelda XX<br />

saukunis pirvel meoTxedSic.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

Semdeg sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da<br />

unetaresma kirion II werili gaugzavna<br />

romis paps: `gangebaman RmrTisaman,<br />

_ aRniSnavda uwmidesi kirion II,_ ara<br />

ucxo qmna eklesiai Cueni hromTaTvis<br />

didisa petre da andria pirvelwodebulTa<br />

maT mowafeTa qristeisa-<br />

Ta, romelTa Tesli ubiwod ganabnies<br />

marTalisa sarwmunoebisai ornatTa<br />

hromTa qarTvelTa gulisaTa, ZmobiTa<br />

TvisiTa winaswar moaswaves siyvaruli<br />

da Tvisobai orTa amaT eklesiisaTai~.<br />

uwmidesi kirion II esarCleboda qarTvel<br />

kaTolikeebs,romelnic idevnebodnen<br />

rusul-somxuri politikis gamo sakuTar<br />

samSobloSi. `vsasoeb, viTarmed<br />

uwmidesobai Seni ara ugulebely<strong>of</strong>s<br />

qarTvel kaTolikeTa erovnul-sarwmunoebriv<br />

xasiaTs~, _aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba.<br />

marTlmadidebeli qarTveli<br />

patriarqi gamoesarCla ra kaTolikuri<br />

aRmsareblobis qarTvelebs, romis<br />

paps megobroba da TanamSromloba<br />

SesTavaza.<br />

saqarTvelosa da romaul-kaTolikur<br />

eklesiaTa Soris urTierToba<br />

epistolarul formas ar gascilebia<br />

1917_77 wlebSi. 1978 wels saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

sagareo gany<strong>of</strong>ilebis Tavmjdomare,<br />

cxum-afxazeTis mTavarepiskoposi nikolozi<br />

(maxaraZe) eswreboda romis<br />

papis pavle VI dakrZalvas, xolo 1980<br />

wlis 5_6 ivniss sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

<strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT imy<strong>of</strong>eboda<br />

vatikanSi da Sexvda romis paps.<br />

uwmidesis CanawerebSi vkiTxulobT:<br />

`papi ioane pavle II Semxvda karebTan,<br />

gadavexvieT erTmaneTs, qarTulad mivmarTe:<br />

`qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saxeliT<br />

guliTadad mogesalmebiT, saqarTvelos<br />

eklesia didi sixaruliTa<br />

da kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebiT Sexvda im faqts, rom<br />

papi polonelia, mcire eris warmomadgeneli.<br />

igi ufro gaigebs mcire erebis<br />

problemebs Tanamedrove ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi~.<br />

papi yuradRebiT mismenda (Tarjimani<br />

Targmnida), Semdeg sxva magidasTan mivida,<br />

saidanac moitana rukebis atlasi,<br />

gadaSala evropis ruka, sadac saqarTveloc<br />

Canda. daxeda da mere mommarTa:<br />

`Cveni qveynebi Zalian hgvanan<br />

erTmaneTs Tavisi warsuliT~. moxaza<br />

saqarTvelo da Tqva: samxreTiT Zlieri<br />

muslimanuri qveynebia. me davumate:<br />

maTgan bevri gansacdeli gvinaxavs.<br />

paps ainteresebda eklesiisa da xelisuflebis<br />

urTierTobis sakiTxebi<br />

konstantinopolisa da ruseTis sapatriarqoebTan<br />

~.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis delegaciam

143<br />

daaTvaliera vatikanis biblioTeka,<br />

papis piradi samlocvelo, vatikanis<br />

RirsSesaniSnaobani. gadawyda qarTveli<br />

mecnierebis daSveba vatikanis arqivebSi<br />

qarTul dokumentebze samuSaod.<br />

romis papma mis uwmidesobas gadasca<br />

vatikanis arqivebSi daculi im sabuTebis<br />

mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmebi, romelnic saqarTvelos<br />

istorias exeboda. uwmidesma<br />

da unetaresma ilia II ganacxada:<br />

`Cveni eklesiebis gay<strong>of</strong>is miuxedavad,<br />

Cven yovelTvis gvqonda kulturuli,<br />

mecnieruli TanamSromloba, qarTuli<br />

eklesia da qarTveli xalxi Seadgens<br />

im did xids, romelic aerTianebda evropisa<br />

da aziis or did kulturas~.<br />

gamarTlda uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II mosazreba _ polonuri warmo-<br />

Sobis axalma papma didi roli Seasrula<br />

aRmosavleTis qveynebSi komunisturi<br />

ideologiisa da socialisturi<br />

sistemis rRvevis saqmeSi. saqarTvelos<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg TbilisSi gaixsna vatikanis<br />

saelCo, kavkasiaSi _ romaulkaTolikuri<br />

eklesiis saepiskoposo.<br />

1999 wels saqarTvelos prezidentisa<br />

da patriarqis mowveviT saqarTveloSi<br />

<strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT Camovida romis<br />

papi, romelsac gulTbilad Sexvdnen.<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II<br />

Tbilisis aeroportSi romis papTan<br />

Sexvedris dros ganacxada, rom es viziti<br />

didi mniSvnelobisaa rogorc saqarTvelosaTvis,<br />

ise mTlianad kavkasiisaTvis.<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia<br />

II da romis papma ioane pavle II SeimuSaves<br />

erToblivi mimarTva,romelSic<br />

aRniSnuli iyo: `Cven vimy<strong>of</strong>ebiT kavkasiis<br />

regionSi, saqarTveloSi, am gansakuTrebuli<br />

geopolitikuri da istoriuli<br />

mniSvnelobis mqone regionSi,<br />

romelic aerTianebs evropisa da aziis,<br />

dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis kulturebs.<br />

dRes am regionSi, iseve rogorc<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi,<br />

situacia metad daZabulia. am umniSvnelovanes<br />

etapze ms<strong>of</strong>lio valdebulia<br />

moaxdinos Tavisi sulieri,<br />

inteleqtualuri da fizikuri Zalebis<br />

mobilizeba globaluri katastr<strong>of</strong>is<br />

Tavidan asacileblad~.<br />

romis eklesiasa da saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias<br />

Soris urTierToba ZiriTadad<br />

politikur da kulturul sferoSi vi-<br />

Tardeba, Tumca 2003 wlis 15 seqtembers,<br />

rodesac vatikanma saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis gverdis avliT<br />

moindoma qarTul saxelmwifosTan<br />

xelSekrulebis gaformeba,romelic 17<br />

muxlisgan Sedgeboda da kaTolikuri<br />

eklesiis uflebebis gafarToebisken<br />

iyo mimarTuli, saqarTvelos sapatriarqom<br />

specialuri gancxadebiT gaaprotesta<br />

igi da aRniSna, rom vatikans<br />

aseTi xelSekruleba arc erT marTlmadideblur<br />

saxelmwifosTan ara aqvs<br />

gaformebuli. xalxi quCaSi gamovida,<br />

xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda,<br />

xelSekruleba aRar gaeformebina.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

samociqulo eklesia pativs scems im<br />

qarTvel TanamemamuleTa religiur<br />

grZnobebs, romelTa winaprebic istoriuli<br />

Znelbedobis Jams kaTolikur<br />

sarwmunoebaze gadavidnen, magram arasodes<br />

daxuWavs Tvals romaul-kaTolikuri<br />

eklesiis warmomadgenelTa aqtiur<br />

prozelitizmis politikaze da<br />

moTminebiT Seaxsenebs Tavis Tanamemamuleebs,<br />

rom Znelbedoba iyo maTi winaprebis<br />

kaTolikobaze gadasvlis mizezi,<br />

rom erTiani qarTuli erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

cnobierebis safuZveli<br />

saqarTveloSi yovelTvis iyo marTlmadidebluri<br />

sarwmunoeba da eklesia.<br />

mravalsaukunovania qarTveli da<br />

somexi xalxis urTierToba. am urTierTobebSi<br />

negatiurs pozitiuri<br />

sWarbobs. VII saukunis dasawyisidan<br />

qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris<br />

moxda evqaristuli kavSiris Sewyveta,<br />

vinaidan somxurma eklesiam ar miiRo<br />

451 wlis qalkedonis saeklesio krebis<br />

gadawyvetilebani. miuxedavad amisa, qa-

Tveli da somexi xalxi erTad ibrZoda<br />

arabi, Turq-selCuki, lang-Temuris,<br />

iraneli da osmalo dampyroblebis<br />

winaaRmdeg. Sua saukuneebSi qarTuli<br />

saxelmwifo da qarTveli mefeebi _<br />

bagrat IV, daviT IV, giorgi III, Tamari,<br />

giorgi brwyinvale, aleqsandre I, vaxtang<br />

V, vaxtang VI, erekle II, Teimuraz<br />

II _ yovelnairad exmarebodnen mtrebisagan<br />

Seviwroebul somxebs. XVI_XVIII<br />

saukuneebSi irani da osmaleTi Tu<br />

marTlmadidebel qristianebs sastikad<br />

devnidnen, samagierod, srul Tavisuflebas<br />

aZlevdnen kaTolikeebsa da<br />

mon<strong>of</strong>izit somxebs, riTac isargebles<br />

eCmiaZinis somexTa kaTolikosebma da<br />

daiwyes religiuri eqspansia saqarTveloSi.<br />

maT aq miiTvises mravali eklesia-monasteri<br />

da gadaakeTes somxur<br />

yaidaze. XVI_XVIII saukuneebSi qarTvelTa<br />

gasomxeba ZiriTadad osmal-<br />

Ta mier okupirebul teritoriebze<br />

xdeboda. XIX saukuneSi kavkasiaSi damkvidrebul<br />

rusebs yvelaze saimedo<br />

dasayrdenad somxebi miaCndaT da xels<br />

uwyobdnen qarTveli mahmadianebis Tavisi<br />

miwa-wylidan gaZevebis xarjze<br />

TurqeTidan somxebis gadmosaxlebas<br />

(ZiriTadad, samcxe-javaxeTSi). XIX saukuneSi<br />

ori somxuri sakaTalikoso (eCmiaZini,<br />

kilikiis) da ori somxuri sapatriarqo<br />

(ierusalimi, konstantinopoli)<br />

didi somxeTis aRdgenis ideiT<br />

iyo gatacebuli. Tu es ver moxerxdeboda<br />

osmaleTis imperiis xarjze,maSin<br />

saqarTvelos axal somxeTad gadaqceva<br />

iyo aucilebeli. amitom XIX saukune-<br />

Si kavkasiis centrad gamocxadebul<br />

TbilisSi datrialda somxuri kapitali<br />

somxuri mravalricxovani diasporiT.<br />

isargebles ra saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebiT da<br />

rusi egzarqosebis xelSewyobiT, kidev<br />

ufro gaZlierda religiuri eqspansia,<br />

qarTvelTa gasomxeba, romlis winaaRmdeg<br />

xma aimaRles: ivane gvaramaZem,<br />

mixeil TamaraSvilma, ilia WavWavaZem,<br />

akaki wereTelma, iakob gogebaSvilma,<br />

144<br />

episkoposma kirionma, vaJa-fSavelam...<br />

miuxedavad amisa, qarTvelobam mainc<br />

gauwoda daxmarebis xeli somxebs<br />

1914_18 wlebis pirveli ms<strong>of</strong>lio omis<br />

periodSi osmaleTSi datrialebuli<br />

masobrivi xocva-Jletis Jams da aTasobiT<br />

ltolvili Seifara…... 1917 wlis<br />

25 seqtembers TbilisSi yovelTa somexTa<br />

kaTolikosis, gevorq V (Tbilelis)<br />

depeSa movida. igi uwmidessa da<br />

unetares kirion II ulocavda kaTolikos-patriarqad<br />

arCevas.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesia Tvlida,<br />

rom konfesiuri sxvaobis miuxedavad,<br />

somxur samociqulo eklesiasTan normaluri<br />

urTierToba aucilebeli iyo.<br />

uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II weriliT<br />

mimarTa yovelTa somexTa kaTolikos<br />

gevorq V. es werili, erTi mxriv,<br />

maRali diplomatiisa da, meore mxriv,<br />

marTlmadidebeli patriarqis gansxvavebuli<br />

konfesiis eklesiis meTaurisadmi<br />

damokidebulebis brwyinvale nimuSia.<br />

uwmidesi kirion II swerda: `mimovixilav<br />

garemosa Cemsa da TvalTa<br />

gonebisa Cemisa Sevayeneb RvTismoSiSsa<br />

ersa zeda haikanisasa Zmuri naTesaobiT<br />

qarTlosian-haosianTa... mogikiTxav uwmideso<br />

meufeo, raTa wrfiTa da RvawliTa<br />

CueniTa aRdgenil iqnas erToba<br />

Cvendami rwmunebulTa erTa. erTobas<br />

vityvi ara sarwmunoebriv-dogmatursa,<br />

aramed moqalaqeobriv-ganmanaTleblobisas,<br />

raTa daemyaros Cuen Soris<br />

Zmobai da urTierTs gulisxmavyoT.<br />

da raiTa samSoblos Sina Cuensa daamkvidros<br />

sasufeveli RmrTisai~. 1922<br />

wels TbilisSi Camovida aq dabadebuli<br />

da Tbilisis nersesis saxelobis<br />

somxuri seminariis y<strong>of</strong>ili studenti<br />

kaTolikosi gevorq V, Sexvda da qar-<br />

Tul enaze esaubra uwmidessa da unetares<br />

ambrosis.<br />

1923_40-ian wlebSi somxur-qarTuli<br />

saeklesio urTierToba epistolaruli<br />

xasiaTisa iyo. 1945 wlidan intensiuri<br />

gaxda urTierTobebi uwmides kalistratesa<br />

da Tbilisis somxuri eparqi-

145<br />

is y<strong>of</strong>il episkoposs, imxanad yovelTa<br />

somexTa kaTolikos gevorq VI Soris.<br />

somxuri eklesiis axali meTauri, kaTolikosi<br />

vazgeni xSirad stumrobda saqarTvelos.<br />

gasaocari iyo misi intuicia<br />

da diplomatiuri niWi. ukve 1961 wlidan<br />

igi saaxalwlod misaloc baraTebs ugzavnida<br />

jer iRumen,Semdeg arqimandrit<br />

da mRvdelmTavar ilia SiolaSvils.<br />

vazgen I 1962 wels pirvelad Sexvda<br />

arqimandrit ilias da ganWvrita misi<br />

didi momavali. 1977 wlis 25 dekembers<br />

kaTolikosma vazgen I mcxeTaSi ganacxada:<br />

`qarTuli eklesia ms<strong>of</strong>lios<br />

erT-erTi yvelaze unikaluri Zeglia...<br />

Zegli, romelic qarTveli eris suls<br />

ganasaxierebs. me mwams am sulis ukvdaveba,<br />

rogorc mwams ukvdaveba TviT<br />

qarTveli erisa~. 1978 wlis 12_14 maiss<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II somxeTs<br />

stumrobda. eCmiaZinSi kaTolikosma<br />

vazgen I Tavis xalxs Semdegi sityvebiT<br />

mimarTa: `CvenTan imy<strong>of</strong>eba sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. unda<br />

aRiniSnos, rom igi axali arCeulia patriarqad.<br />

am postisTvis sagrZnoblad<br />

axalgazrdaa, mxne, jan-RoniT savse da,<br />

rac mTavaria, didi codniTa da gamocdilebiT<br />

SeiaraRebuli... Tavis sam-<br />

SobloSi mas yurs ugdeben, misi swamT,<br />

misi sjeraT, mas afaseben. aseTi didi<br />

siyvaruli Tavisi erisa bevrs ar ergeba<br />

wilad. es man didi sulieri simaRliT<br />

moipova~. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

ilia II madloba moaxsena somexTa<br />

kaTolikoss da aRniSna, _ is, rac me-12<br />

saukuneSi daviT aRmaSenebelma gaakeTa<br />

saqarTvelosaTvis, SeZeliT Tqven somxeTis<br />

eklesiaSi XX saukunis 50_70-ian<br />

wlebSi. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />

amis Semdeg araerTxel estumra somxeTs<br />

iseve,rogorc kaTolikosi vazgen I<br />

_ saqarTvelos.<br />

1978 wlis noemberSi libanis<br />

dedaqalaq beiruTSi, sadac somexTa<br />

meore religiuri centri, kilikiis somexTa<br />

sakaTalikosoa, mahmadianma teroristebma<br />

somxebis masobrivi xocva-<br />

Jleta moawyves. misma uwmidesobam <strong>of</strong>icialur<br />

gancxadebaSi dagmo es vandaluri<br />

aqti da somex xalxs sruli mxardaWera<br />

gamoucxada: `Cven, qarTvelebi,<br />

_ aRniSna man, _ istoriis dasabamidan<br />

vcxovrobT uZvelesi kulturisa da<br />

tradiciis mqone somexi xalxis mezoblad.<br />

am xnis manZilze erTad gadagvitania<br />

mravali gansacdeli, mterTa Semoseva<br />

da sxva bedukuRmarTobani da<br />

ar SegviZlia gulgrili davrCeT maT<br />

TanamemamuleTa tragediis mimarT~. patriarqis<br />

am gancxadebam saqarTveloSi<br />

mcxovrebi somxebis kmay<strong>of</strong>ileba gamoiwvia.<br />

amis dasturi iyo axalqalaqeli<br />

x. ovsepianis gamoxmaureba: `vbedav da<br />

mogaxsenebT udides madlobas Tqven,<br />

saqarTvelos didebul kaTolikos-patriarqs.<br />

somexi xalxi arasodes daiviwyebs<br />

Tqvens maRaladamianuri da moqalaqeobrivi<br />

siyvaruliT savse TanagrZnobas~.<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />

II gamoesarCla eCmiaZinis sakaTolikosos<br />

1980 wels,rodesac sazRvargareTeli<br />

somexi kaTolikeni lanZRavdnen da<br />

amcrobdnen mis mniSvnelobas. yovelive<br />

amas kargad xedavda kaTolikosi<br />

vazgen I da cdilobda, saqarTvelos<br />

samociqulo eklesiasTan urTierTobaSi<br />

daecva taqti da y<strong>of</strong>iliyo misi<br />

pativismcemeli. uwmidesma ilia II sa-<br />

Tanado pativi miago kaTolikos vazgen<br />

I xsovnas 1994 wels eCmiaZinSi da<br />

sagulisxmo sityva warmoTqva: `didia<br />

mwuxareba somxeTis samociqulo eklesiisa<br />

da somexi xalxisa,igi emSvidobeba<br />

Tavis Rirseul da brZen mamamTavars,<br />

romelic 39 wlis manZilze urTules<br />

pirobebSi iyo saWeTmpyrobeli eCmiaZinis<br />

uZvelesi sakaTolikoso taxtisa...<br />

im dros, rodesac SezRuduli iyo kav-<br />

Siri ucxoeTTan, man moaxerxa urTier-<br />

Toba daemyarebina iq my<strong>of</strong> samwysosTan,<br />

gaeRrmavebina maTSi samSoblos siyvaruli,<br />

gaemTlianebina eri... SevTxov<br />

ufals, raTa misi ukvdavi suli daawesos<br />

im savaneSi, sadac somexi xalxis

didebuli winaparni ganisveneben~.<br />

kaTolikos vazgen I gza ganagrZo<br />

kilikiuri warmoSobis axalma kaTolikosma<br />

garegin I,romelmac 1997 wels<br />

imogzaura saqarTveloSi, moixibla<br />

Cveni qveyniT, misi didebuli taZrebiT,<br />

istoriiT, magram, samwuxarod, igi male<br />

gardaicvala. amis Semdeg somxur eklesiaSi<br />

gaZlierda tendencia qarTuli<br />

eklesia-monastrebis miTvisebis, istoriis<br />

falsifikaciisa. somxuri sakaTolikosos<br />

dasturiT, erevanSi gamodis<br />

ruka-cnobarebi, samecniero wignebi,<br />

romlebSic gayalbebulia saqarTvelos<br />

istoria, somxuradaa gamocxadebuli<br />

650-ze meti qarTuli eklesia.<br />

somxur saeklesio internetsaitebze<br />

vrceldeba iseTi informaciebi, romlebic<br />

xels ar Seuwyobs ori mezobeli<br />

xalxisa da eklesiis megobrul urTierTobas.<br />

XIX saukunis II naxevarSi<br />

aseT viTarebaze ilia WavWavaZe werda:<br />

`mtrisa Sina yolasa,lomisa gzad yola<br />

sjobiao~. qarTvel xalxs istoriulad<br />

axasiaTebs sjulSemwynarebloba da<br />

tolerantoba. amis dasturia Tundac<br />

is, rom naxevarmilionian somxur diasporas<br />

saqarTveloSi aqvs saxelmwifos<br />

mier dafinansebuli skolebi, Teatri,<br />

presa... umaRles saswavlebelSi somxurenovani<br />

gany<strong>of</strong>ileba, somxuri samociqulo<br />

eklesiis eparqia... umaduroba,<br />

daunaxaoba xom saSineli codvaa.<br />

istoriulad saqarTvelo Tavis<br />

Tavs evropis nawilad miiCnevda da<br />

cdilobda, mWidrod dakavSireboda<br />

evropul civilizacias. miuxedavad<br />

imisa, rom religiur-konfesiuri TvalsazrisiT<br />

evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebi:<br />

inglisi, safrangeTi, germania, espaneTi,<br />

italia, portugalia sruliad<br />

gansxvavebulni iyvnen saqarTvelosagan,<br />

monRolebis, iranisa da osmaleTis<br />

damangreveli laSqrobebis winaaRmdeg<br />

brZolaSi saqarTvelos mainc evropis<br />

qveynebis daxmarebis imedi hqonda. mar-<br />

Talia, XVI_XX saukuneebSi daxmareba<br />

sityvier mxardaWeras ar gascilebia,<br />

146<br />

magram qarTvelebis orientacia mainc<br />

ar Secvlila. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II did mniSvnelobas ani-<br />

Webda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

samociqulo eklesiis kontaqtebs evropis<br />

qveynebTan. sabWoTa kavSiri Caketili<br />

saxelmwifo iyo da sazRvargareTis<br />

qveynebTan kontaqtebi sagrZnoblad<br />

izRudeboda. 1979 wlis 15 ianvars<br />

iamaikis dedaqalaq kingstonSi sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II arCeul<br />

iqna eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWos prezidentad.<br />

aman saSualeba misca, monawileoba<br />

mieRo ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva qveynis<br />

politikur da religiur liderTa<br />

SexvedrebSi. uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

yvela am Sexvedraze saubrobda saqarTveloze,<br />

mis istoriaze, uZveles<br />

samociqulo eklesiaze. am Sexvedrebze<br />

daamyara megobruli urTierToba<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri<br />

eklesiebis meTaurebTan da<br />

moiwvia isini saqarTveloSi. am Sexvedrebma,<br />

piradma kontaqtebma gadamwyveti<br />

roli Seasrules marTlmadidebel<br />

eklesiaTa mier saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRiarebis saqmeSi. uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II 1963_97 wlebSi saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesiis ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWoSi wevrobis<br />

periods ase afasebs: `sabWoTa izolaciis<br />

dros eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWo-<br />

Si y<strong>of</strong>nam saqarTvelos eklesias saSualeba<br />

misca, rom igi ms<strong>of</strong>lios gaecno<br />

rogorc damoukidebeli eklesia. ase<br />

rom, eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWoSi mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiebis y<strong>of</strong>na erTgvarad<br />

maTi misioneruli moRvaweobis<br />

gagrZelebasac warmoadgens~.<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi germaniis<br />

federaciul respublikaSi, safrangeT-<br />

Si, italiaSi, SveicariaSi, niderlandebSi,<br />

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi Sexvda<br />

protestantuli, luTeranuli, anglikanuri<br />

eklesiebis meTaurebs, am qvey-

nebis politikur moRvaweebs, mecnierebs,<br />

xelovnebis warmomadgenlebs. am Sexvedrebma<br />

axali stimuli misca evropaSi<br />

qarTvelologiuri mecnierebis ganvi-<br />

Tarebas. evropis qveynebis politikuri<br />

da religiuri liderebi aRtacebas ver<br />

faravdnen _ maT winaSe manamde ucnobi<br />

qristianuli aRmosavleTis didi civilizaciisa<br />

da marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesiis meTauri iyo _ momxiblavi<br />

garegnoba, daxvewili manerebi, evropuli<br />

civilizaciisa da Tanamedrove<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio wesrigis zogadi principebis<br />

Rrma codna maT qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis meTaurisadmi<br />

udidesi pativiscemiT ganawyobda. uwmidesi<br />

da unetaresi stumrobda aziis<br />

qveynebsac, Sexvda da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

eklesia gaacno egviptis<br />

kopTa patriarqs Senuda III, malbaris<br />

indoelTa mon<strong>of</strong>izit patriarq-kaTolikoss<br />

basil mar Toma maTe I, eTiopiis<br />

mon<strong>of</strong>izit patriarqs abuna Teklehaimanuds,<br />

siriel iakobistTa patriarqs<br />

mari iakob III, aRmosavleTis mon<strong>of</strong>izit<br />

patriarqs maqsime V. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobiT<br />

umaspinZla saqarTveloSi sapasuxo vizitiT<br />

Camosul sxvadasxva qveynis religiur<br />

da politikur liderebs, kulturis,<br />

mecnierebis, xelovnebis TvalsaCino<br />

warmomadgenlebs. saqarTvelosa da qarTvelebis<br />

Sesaxeb sainformacio masalebs<br />

beWdavdnen evropis, aziis, afrikis,<br />

amerikis qveynebis wamyvani gamocemebi.<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />

cnobili religiuri lideria, mas<br />

dialogi SeuZlia ara marto aramarTlmadidebeli<br />

qristianuli konfesiebis<br />

warmomadgenlebTan,aramed sxva aRmsareblobis<br />

adamianebTanac. amis dasturia<br />

kavkasiis muslimanTa lideris _ Seix<br />

alah Suqur faSa zadesa da uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II megobruli urTierToba,<br />

romelic aisaxeba qarTveli da<br />

azerbaijaneli xalxebis megobrobaze.<br />

2001 wels iranis islamuri respublikis<br />

prezidentis muhamed haTamis<br />

miwveviT uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />

II <strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT imy<strong>of</strong>eboda<br />

iranSi, Sexvda prezident haTamsa da<br />

iranis islamuri respublikis sulier<br />

liders ali hameneis. patriarqma<br />

brZana: `me vfiqrob, rom Cveni qveynebis:<br />

iranisa da saqarTvelos religiuri<br />

liderebi da sasuliero moRvaweni,<br />

Cveni xelisufalni da sazogadoeba<br />

mzad arian, raTa ms<strong>of</strong>lios vuCvenoT<br />

magaliTi imisa, rom religiuri gansxvavebulobis<br />

da warsulSi dapirispirebebis<br />

miuxedavad, Segvwevs unari<br />

urTierTpativiscemisa, unari mSvidobiani<br />

da megobruli Tanaarsebobisa~.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom patriarqi<br />

saocrad Semwynarebelia, magram maSin,<br />

rodesac saqme exeba samSoblos, mar-<br />

Tlmadidebel eklesias, marTlmadidebel<br />

dogmats, aq igi arafers daTmobs.<br />

amis magaliTia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis ms<strong>of</strong>lio eklesiaTa<br />

sabWosTan urTierToba,rodesac am<br />

organizaciam kulturaTa,gansxvavebul<br />

konfesiaTa sxvadasxva sferoSi Tanam-<br />

Sromlobis SesaZleblobaTa ganxilva<br />

gadazarda erTiani ms<strong>of</strong>lio eklesiis<br />

Seqmnis,gansxvavebuli konfesiebis warmomadgenelTa<br />

erTobliv locvebsa da<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis miuRebel<br />

gadawyvetilebebSi. 1997 wlis<br />

20 maiss sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis<br />

locva-kurTxeviT da wmida sinodis<br />

ganCinebiT: `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia uars ambobs ekumenur<br />

moZraobaSi monawileobaze da<br />

gamodis eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWodan<br />

da evropis eklesiaTa konferenciidan...<br />

marTlmadideblebi ar miiReben monawileobas<br />

ekumenur msaxurebaSi, saerTo<br />

locvebsa da RvTis TayvaniscemaSi~.<br />

patriarqis am gadawyvetilebas imxanad<br />

sxvadasxva Sefaseba mieca, magram drom<br />

misi marTebuloba aCvena.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />

XX saukunis 70_80-ian wlebSi<br />

saqarTvelos politikuri, sulieri da<br />

147

kulturuli cxovrebis centrSi aRmoCnda.<br />

<strong>of</strong>icialuri xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebi aRiarebdnen,rom isini<br />

veRar axerxebdnen eklesiis saqmianobis<br />

srul kontrols da raRac garkveul<br />

CarCoebSi moqcevas. 1977_90-ian wlebSi<br />

Tbiliss stumrobdnen ms<strong>of</strong>lios mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli da aramarTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiebis meTaurebi, politikuri<br />

moRvaweebi. isini xvdebodnen sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,uwmidessa<br />

da unetaress. 1923_77 wlebSi<br />

Tu TvalSi sacemi ar iyo is faqti,<br />

rom sapatriarqo rezidencia sul 3_4<br />

oTaxisgan Sedgeboda, axla ukve aSkara<br />

uxerxuloba iqmneboda. sabWoTa propaganda<br />

acxadebda, rom qveyanaSi. sinodis<br />

Tavisufleba garantirebuli iyo<br />

sabWoTa konstituciiT, rom eklesias<br />

yvelaferi hqonda, rac sWirdeboda.<br />

1977_88 wlebSi sionis sapatriarqo taZris<br />

garSemo usaxuri barakis tipis<br />

saxlebi iyo Camwkrivebuli, patriarqs<br />

sapatriarqo rezidencia ar hqonda.<br />

xelisuflebam erTxans orbelianis<br />

moedanze arsebuli sazRvargareTTan<br />

megobrobisa da kulturuli urTier-<br />

Tobis sazogadoebis Senoba dauTmo<br />

sapatriarqos...<br />

jer kidev 1967 wels, cxum-afxaze-<br />

Tis episkoposad y<strong>of</strong>nis dros, meufe<br />

iliam sinodis saxeliT saqarTvelos<br />

ssr mTavrobis Tavmjdomares mosTxova,<br />

sapatriarqosTvis daebrunebinaT 1923<br />

wels CamorTmeuli rezidencia. 1977<br />

wlidan xelisufleba grZnobda, rom<br />

uxerxuli viTarebis gamosworeba sapatriarqosTvis<br />

rezidenciis gamoy<strong>of</strong>iT<br />

SeiZleboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />

ilia II 1984 wlis 2 Tebervals ganmeorebiTi<br />

TxovniT mimarTa saqarTvelos<br />

kompartiis pirvel mdivans e. SevardnaZes<br />

(1981 wlis 15 ivlisiTaa daTariRebuli<br />

adrindeli mimarTva) da moiTxova<br />

sapatriarqosTvis istoriuli Senobis<br />

gadmocema. mTavroba yoymanobda.<br />

bolos, saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWos<br />

1984 wlis 10 noembris dadgenilebiT<br />

saqarTvelos eklesias gadaeca naxevrad<br />

avariuli sportkomitetis y<strong>of</strong>ili<br />

Senoba, romelic gamouyenebeli<br />

darCa. 1989 wels erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />

moZraobis mesveurTa kategoriuli<br />

moTxovnis Semdeg <strong>of</strong>icialuri<br />

xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda<br />

aRedgina istoriuli samarTlianoba da<br />

1923 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiisaTvis ukanonod warTmeuli<br />

sapatriarqo rezidencia, sadac<br />

moRvaweobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqni: kirioni, leonide,<br />

ambrosi, daubruna kanonier mflobels.<br />

amieridan arc sasuliero da<br />

arc saero pirebs ukmarisobis grZnoba<br />

aRar dauflebiaT. saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis sapatriarqos<br />

istoriulma rezidenciam daibruna<br />

Tavisi funqcia. aq Tamamad SeiZleba<br />

saero da sasuliero pirebis miReba da<br />

Rirseuli maspinZloba. saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia<br />

cnobilia mTel ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi, es patriarqis<br />

ocdaaTwliani Tavdadebuli<br />

Sromisa da Rvawlis Sedegia.<br />

148

wyaroebi, literatura<br />

1. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1978, #1, gv. 12.<br />

2. patriarqi, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 234.<br />

3. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II. epistoleni, sityvani,<br />

qadagebani. t. II, Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 421_422.<br />

4. iqve, gv. 424.<br />

5. megobroba gzad da xidad, Tbilisi, 2007, gv.18_19.<br />

6. sergo vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesia 1917_1952 wlebSi, Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 205_206.<br />

7. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, f. 3797.<br />

8. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1979, gv.12_13.<br />

9. iqve, gv. 11.<br />

10. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 10417.<br />

11. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 8701.<br />

12. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 1374.<br />

13. mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis<br />

istoria, t. IV, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 38.<br />

14. iqve, gv. 39.<br />

15. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II,epistoleni,sityvani,<br />

qadagebani. t. II, Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 85.<br />

16. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2003, #38.<br />

17. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2003, #38.<br />

18. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.9.<br />

19. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.13.<br />

20. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.12.<br />

21. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.16.<br />

22. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.17.<br />

23. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 2585.<br />

24. sergo vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />

eklesia 1917_1952 wlebSi, Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 209.<br />

25. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 1839.<br />

26. sergo vardosaniZe,saqarTvelosa da somxeTis eklesiebis urTierToba<br />

1917_2000 wlebSi. _ Jurn. `religia~, 2002, #7-8-9, gv. 49.<br />

27. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1978, #1, gv.15.<br />

28. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 2217.<br />

29. Jurn. `religia~, 2002, #7-8-9, gv.49.<br />

30. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 8441.<br />

31. patriarqi, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 286.<br />

32. ekumenizmi _ antiqristes religia, Tbilisi, 2002, gv. 219.<br />

149

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

eparqiebi<br />

akurTxa mcxeTaSi aSenebuli eklesia,<br />

wundasa da manglisSi safuZveli daudo<br />

axal eklesiaTa mSeneblobas, mdinare<br />

mtkvarSi sayovelTao naTloba<br />

aRasrula da sxv. mis samRvdelmTavro<br />

msaxurebas ukavSirdeba mcxeTis pirveli<br />

saepiskoposos dafuZneba. saqarTvelos<br />

pirveli mRvdelmTavari ioane<br />

mTavarepiskoposis wodebiT ixsenieba.<br />

mTavarepiskoposs, Sesabamisad, Tavis<br />

daqvemdebarebaSi my<strong>of</strong>i episkoposebic<br />

eyoleboda, Tumca qarTuli wyaroebi<br />

maT Sesaxebac arafers weren. wmida<br />

mefe mirianidan (IV s. 20-iani wlebi) _<br />

wmida mefe vaxtang gorgaslamde (V s-is<br />

II naxevari) saqarTveloSi cameti mTavarepiskoposi<br />

moRvaweobda. mRvdelm-<br />

Tavrebs ruis-urbnisis didi saeklesio<br />

kreba `episkopos-kaTolikosebs~<br />

uwodebs.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis eparqiebad<br />

day<strong>of</strong>is istoriisaTvis Tvalis<br />

midevneba SesaZlebelia wmida mefe vaxtag<br />

gorgaslis mier 12 axali saepiskoposo<br />

kaTedris _ axizis, eruSeTis,<br />

wundis, manglisis, bolnisis, rusTavis,<br />

ninowmindis, Weremis, CeleTis, xornabujis,<br />

agarakis, mcxeTis, mogvianebiT<br />

niqozis _ dafuZnebis Semdeg.<br />

mefe vaxtangis mier daarsebuli<br />

saepiskoposoebis ganlageba ZiriTadad<br />

emTxveoda qveynis imdroindel saero-administraciul<br />

day<strong>of</strong>as. TiToeul saerisTavoSi<br />

erTi saepiskoposo mainc arsegoCa<br />

guguSvili<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

samwyso teritoriis saeparqio<br />

danawileba da marTva pirveli saukunidanve<br />

iRebs saTaves. dasabamidan eklesiis<br />

organizaciuli mowyoba wmida<br />

werilsa da ms<strong>of</strong>lio saeklesio praqtikis<br />

uZveles tradicias efuZneba.<br />

qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis<br />

Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis istoria ramdenime periodad<br />

ganiy<strong>of</strong>a, rac eklesiis mwyemsmTavris<br />

uflebrivi mdgomareobis da titulaturis<br />

cvalebadobiT, eparqiaTa ricxvis<br />

zrda-SemcirebiT,maTi iurisdiqciis,<br />

administraciuli sazRvrebis da ierarqiuli<br />

wyobis sruly<strong>of</strong>iT da zogadad<br />

eklesiis gavlenis damcroba-aRzevebiT<br />

gamoixateboda. wmida mociqulebis<br />

mier dafuZnebul qristianul Tems,<br />

romelic mcirericxovnobiT gamoirCeoda,Tavisi<br />

episkoposi hyavda. qarTuli<br />

wyaroebi mociqulTa mier daarsebuli<br />

eklesiebis mmarTveli episkoposebis<br />

Taobaze TiTqmis arafers gvauwyeben<br />

(im periodis, I_IV ss., saqarTvelos sxvadasxva<br />

regionSi moRvawe mxolod<br />

ramdenime episkoposis Sesaxeb Zalze<br />

mwiri cnobebia Semonaxuli Zvel werilobiT<br />

wyaroebSi).<br />

wmida ninos moRvaweobis Semdeg<br />

qristianobaze moqceuli qarTlis<br />

pirveli episkoposi _ ioane saber-<br />

ZneTidan iyo mowveuli. saqarTveloSi<br />

Camosvlis Semdeg ioane episkoposma<br />

150

obda. did saerisTavoebSi ki ramdenime<br />

saepiskoposo samwyso iyo ganTavsebuli.<br />

saepiskoposo zogjer mxolod erTi qalaqiT<br />

Semoifargleboda.<br />

V saukunis II naxevarSi Camoyalibebuli<br />

saepiskoposoebis ricxvi 506<br />

wlis dvinis saeklesio krebaze ukve<br />

gaormagebulia. am periodidan saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis saWeTmpyrobels<br />

`kaTolikosi~ ewodeboda.<br />

XI s-is dasawyisidan (zogierTi<br />

mosazrebiT X s-is bolodan) politikurad<br />

gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli `kaTolikospatriarqis~<br />

wodebiT moixsenieba. imJamad,<br />

erTian saeklesio organizmad SekavSirebul<br />

dasavleT da aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTvelos eparqiaTa ricxvi xuT<br />

aTeulsac aRemateboda.<br />

zogierTi eparqiis teritoria Zalze<br />

ganvrcobili iyo da qveynis<br />

politikur sazRvrebsac scildeboda<br />

(niqozeli mRvdelmTavris samwysoSi<br />

Sediodnen Crdilo kavkasiaSi mosaxle<br />

xalxebi: osebi, dvalebi da sxv.).<br />

istoriuli Znelbedobisas zogierTi<br />

episkoposis marTva-gamgeoba mxolod<br />

nominalur xasiaTs atarebda,<br />

Tumca eparqiaTa amgvari nominaluri<br />

arsebobac ki momxduri mtrisgan dapyrobil-aoxrebuli<br />

qveynis realuri<br />

gaerTianebis safuZvels qmnida.<br />

XIII_XVIII ss-Si saqarTvelos ekonomikur-politikuri<br />

mdgomareoba da, amis<br />

kvalad, eparqiaTa raodenoba damokidebuli<br />

iyo qveynis Sida faqtorebsa<br />

da sagareo viTarebaze. monRolebis,<br />

iran-osmaleTis, Crdilokavkasieli<br />

tomebis _ afsuebis, lekebis, osebis da<br />

sxv. agresiam da qveynis politikurma<br />

daqucmacebulobam eklesiis dasusteba,<br />

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamodevna<br />

da samxreT saqarTvelos, kaxeTis,<br />

afxazeTis, qarTlis aTobiT eparqiis<br />

dacarieleba gamoiwvia. XX s-is<br />

bolo aTwleulis kataklizmebisa da<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lios wamyvani qveynebis interesTa<br />

arealSi saqarTvelos moxvedris gamo<br />

151<br />

qveynis mdgomareoba amJamadac arasaxarbielod<br />

warimarTa da msgavsi xasiaTis<br />

sirTuleebi cxum-afxazeTis da<br />

niqoz-cxinvalis eparqiebsac daatydaT<br />

Tavs.<br />

tradiciulad,saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

umaRlesi ierarqia sarwmunoebrivi<br />

siwmidis, erovnuli simtkicis da zneobrivi<br />

sispetakis damcvels warmoadgenda<br />

(aRmsarebeli da mowamebrivad<br />

aRsrulebuli mRvdelmTavrebi yovelTvis<br />

mravlad hyolia saqarTvelos,<br />

bolo periodis moRvaweTagan aRsaniSnavia<br />

wmida mRvdelmTavrebi: gabriel<br />

qiqoZe, aleqsandre oqropiriZe, kirion<br />

saZagliSvili, ambrosi xelaia, nazari<br />

leJava da sxvani).<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria<br />

garkveulwilad qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa<br />

moRvaweobis asaxvasac gulisxmobs<br />

da zustad esadageba cnobil gamoTqmas<br />

eklesiisa da episkoposis er-<br />

Tianobis Sesaxeb: `episkoposi _ eklesiaSia,eklesia<br />

ki _ episkoposSi~ (wmida<br />

kvipriane karTageneli),aseve `eklesiis<br />

saxe episkoposia~ (wmida egnate Rmer-<br />

TSemosili).<br />

XIX s-is dasawyisSi, 1811 wels, saqarTvelos<br />

wmida kaTolike samociqulo<br />

eklesiis ukanaskneli kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

mefe erekle II Zis, anton II<br />

bagrationis iZulebiTi wesiT ruseTSi<br />

gasaxlebiT da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis ZalmomreobiTi<br />

gauqmebiT sam-aTeulamde qarTuli<br />

eparqia daixura. Seicvala adgilobrivi<br />

eklesiis tradiciuli marTva-gamgeoba<br />

da mrevlTan urTierTobis saukunovani<br />

gamocdileba. amieridan kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />

institutis nacvlad, ruseTis<br />

sinods daqvemdebarebul saqarTvelos<br />

uZveles samociqulo eklesiis mmarTvels<br />

egzarqosi ewodeboda. 1811_1917<br />

wlebSi saqarTvelos eklesiaSi 19 egzarqosi<br />

`moRvaweobda”.<br />

1917 wels, avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

Semdeg ganaxlebul 13 eparqias male<br />

oric daemata. aRdgenili eparqiebi iyo

152<br />

(droTa ganmavlobaSi eparqiaTa saxelwodebebi<br />

icvleboda): mcxeTis, Tbilisis<br />

(1920 w. 20 ivliss meore saeklesio<br />

krebam daadgina mcxeTisa da Tbilisis<br />

eparqiebis gaerTianeba, ris Semdegac<br />

samRvdelmTavros mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />

eparqia, xolo mwyemsmTavars mcxeTa-<br />

Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi ewoda),agarak-walkis,<br />

alaverdis, awyuris, baTum-<br />

Semoqmedis,bodbis,manglisis,margveTis,<br />

nikorwmindis, urbnisis, quTais-gaenaTis,<br />

cageris, cxum-afxazeTis, wilknis, Wyondidis,<br />

Tumca 20-ian wlebSi eklesiis<br />

winaaRmdeg dawyebuli sabWouri represiebis<br />

gamo qveynis tradiciuli,saeparqio<br />

marTva-gamgeoba aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

srulad ver aRdga. XX s-is<br />

70-iani wlebis bolos TiTebze CamosaTvleli<br />

iyo moqmed eklesiaTa raodenoba,<br />

romlebic ZiriTadad Tbilis-<br />

Si iyo Tavmoyrili.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II mwyemsmTavruli moRvaweobis<br />

dawyebisas saqarTvelos eklesia<br />

umZimes mdgomareobaSi iyo. imJamad<br />

nominalurad arsebuli 15 eparqiidan<br />

mxolod oTxs _ mcxeTa-Tbilisis,<br />

wilknis, baTum-Semoqmedisa da cxumafxazeTis<br />

eparqiebs hyavda mRvdelm-<br />

Tavrebi. 1977 wels maT ricxvs alaverdisa<br />

da bodbis eparqiebi miemata. sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro kaTedraTa umravlesoba<br />

mRvdelmTavrebisTvis daketili iyo<br />

da episkoposs Tavis samwyso eparqiaSi<br />

Casvlis ufleba ar hqonda. episkoposebi<br />

TbilisSi moqmed ramdenime eklesiaze<br />

iyvnen mimagrebulni. mangleli<br />

mRvdelmTavari didubis yovladwmida<br />

RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi aRasrulebda<br />

msaxurebas, bodbeli _ Tbilisis samebaSi,<br />

alaverdeli _ Telavis RvTaebis<br />

eklesiaSi da sxv. im periodSi saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiaTa udidesi nawili<br />

RvTismsaxurebisaTvis gauqmebulad<br />

iTvleboda. mTlianad saqarTveloSi<br />

ki sul ramodenime moqmedi taZari iyo;<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II dauRalavi moRvaweobis Sedegad<br />

daiwyo eparqiebisTvis mRvdelm-<br />

Tavrebis gamorCeva da kurTxeva. 70_<br />

80-iani wlebis mijnaze sveticxovlis<br />

sapatriarqo taZarSi aResrula kurTxeva<br />

cxum-afxazeTis, Wyondidis, quTaisgaenaTis,<br />

baTum-Semoqmedis, bodbis, axalcixisa<br />

da samcxe-javaxeTis, nikorwmindis,<br />

margveTis episkoposebisa.<br />

1995 wlis 5 aprils,saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

gadawyvetilebiT, eparqiaTa ricxvi 27-<br />

mde gaizarda. amis Semdeg daiwyo axalgamorCeul<br />

mRvdelmTavarTa kurTxeva<br />

da dadgineba. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers,<br />

wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi eparqiaTa<br />

ricxvi 31-mde gaizarda. 2003 wlis 18<br />

agvistos saeklesio krebis ganCinebiT,<br />

romelic urbnisis sakaTedro taZarSi<br />

Catarda, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis eparqiaTa ricxvi ocdaTxuTmeti<br />

gaxda, xolo 2006 wlis 21<br />

dekembers saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis ganCinebiT samRvdelmTavroTa<br />

raodenobam 37-s miaRwia.<br />

bolo periodSi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II dauRalavi<br />

moRvaweobis Sedegad saqarTvelos<br />

eklesia ibrunebs Tavis Zvel mniSvnelobasa<br />

da funqcias. RvTis SewevniTa<br />

da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis<br />

ilia II ZalisxmeviT daiwyo<br />

gauqmebul eparqiaTa TandaTanobiTi<br />

aRdgena. mis mier nakurTxi mRvdelm-<br />

Tavrebi ganageben manamde nominalurad<br />

arsebul samRvdelmTavroebs. Tanmimdevrulad<br />

mimdinareobs saukuneTa<br />

ganmavlobaSi miviwyebuli qristianuli<br />

xelovnebis da xelsaqmis (sataZro<br />

arqiteqtura, xuroTmoZRvreba, miniatiuruli<br />

da monumenturi saeklesio<br />

ferwera, xeze da qvaze kveTa, Weduroba,<br />

qargva, galoba da sxva), sasuliero<br />

ganaTlebis kerebis (mcxeTis, Tbilisis,<br />

quTaisis, qedis, bodbis, xirsis, ze-

153<br />

stafonis, baTumis, xaSuris, axalcixis,<br />

gremis, ozurgeTis, foTis, saCxeris da<br />

sxva sasuliero pr<strong>of</strong>ilis saswavleblebi),<br />

mTargmnelobiTi tradiciis aRdgena<br />

da sxva. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia II kurTxeviT Tanamedrove<br />

qarTul enaze gamoica biblia,<br />

saRvTismetyvelo krebulebi, aTobiT<br />

dasaxelebis saeklesio Jurnal-gazeTi,<br />

sasuliero literatura, kalendrebi.<br />

TbilisSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan<br />

funqcionirebs tele-radiomauwyebloba<br />

`iveria~. Seqmnilia xuroTmoZRvrebis,<br />

xelovnebisa da restavraciis<br />

centri; misiisa da evangelizaciis,<br />

sagareo saqmeTa, gamomcemlobis,<br />

siwmideTa moZiebisa da dacvis, Seiara-<br />

Rebul ZalebTan da samarTaldamcav<br />

dawesebulebebTan urTierTobis, xalxuri<br />

xelsaqmis gany<strong>of</strong>ilebebi,sainformacio<br />

samsaxuri; safinanso-ekonomikuri<br />

sabWo, saRvTismetyvelo komisia;<br />

saRvTismsaxuro wignebis Seswavlisa<br />

da redaqtirebis komisia; wmindanTa<br />

kanonizaciis komisia; gamomcemlobisa<br />

da recenzirebis departamenti; Camoyalibda<br />

axalgazrduli departamenti<br />

`Zlevai”, humanitaruli samsaxuri da<br />

sxva. aSenda da amoqmedda ramdenime<br />

aseuli eklesia-monasteri, moxda gamoCenil<br />

qarTvel saero da saeklesio<br />

moRvaweTa wmidanebad kanonizireba.<br />

saukuneTa Semdeg kvlav aRdga<br />

eklesiis egidis qveS my<strong>of</strong>i gelaTis<br />

mecnierebaTa akademia.<br />

macxovris Sobis 2000 da saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis 1500<br />

wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT aSenda da<br />

ikurTxa saqarTveloSi yvelaze didi<br />

saeklesio nageboba – yovladwmida<br />

samebis sapatriarqo taZari.<br />

2001 wlis 31 maiss ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom<br />

<strong>of</strong>icialurad aRiara saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis istoriuli avtokefalia<br />

da misi meTauris sapatriarqo<br />

Rirseba.<br />

2002 wlis 14 oqtombers, sveticxovlis<br />

sapatriarqo taZarSi,saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqisa da qveynis prezidentis<br />

mier gaformda konstituciuri<br />

SeTanxmeba ,,saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa<br />

da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />

avtokefaliur marTlmadidebel eklesias<br />

Soris (konkordati)‘‘. SeTanxmebis<br />

Tanaxmad, ganaxlda wyvetili memkvidreoba<br />

da saqarTvelos teritoriaze<br />

arsebuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiamonastrebi<br />

da saeklesio siwmideebi<br />

kanonier mesakuTres _ saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqos daubrunda.<br />

aTwleulobiT gamoketil eklesia-monastrebSi,<br />

RvTis madliT, dReisaTvis<br />

kvlav aResruleba RvTismsaxureba,<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis sulier sazrdos moklebuli<br />

mrevli tradiciul saeklesio wiaRs<br />

ubrundeba.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II ms<strong>of</strong>lio marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis winaSe gaweuli wvlilisaTvis<br />

sxvadasxva dros dajildoebulia<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos, antioqiis,<br />

ierusalimis, aleqsandriis, ruseTis,<br />

saqarTvelos, saberZneTis, bulgareTis,<br />

rumineTis, poloneTis, Cexoslovakiis<br />

da TiTqmis yvela sxva marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiebis umaRlesi jildoebiT.<br />

niu-iorkis sasuliero akademiam mas<br />

RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris sapatio<br />

wodeba mianiWa, 1997 wels kretis sasuliero<br />

akademiam sapatio wevrad airCia,<br />

imave wels airCies gaerosTan arsebul<br />

informatizaciis saerTaSoriso akademiis<br />

namdvil wevrad,1998 wels amerikis<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

tixonis saRvTismetyvelo seminariam<br />

RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris sapatio<br />

wodeba mianiWa...<br />

Tanamedrove etapze saqarTvelos<br />

wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesiis<br />

da misi iurisdiqciis qveS arsebuli<br />

samwyso teritoriis da mrevlis marTva<br />

xorcieldeba saqarTvelos avtokefaliuri<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis debulebis (mcxeTa,<br />

sveticxoveli, 1995 w.) Sesabamisad. debulebis<br />

Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis samwyso iy<strong>of</strong>a<br />

eparqiebad. eparqiaTa mmarTveli<br />

mRvdelmTavrebi, imavdroulad, saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wmida sinodis wevrebic arian.<br />

eparqiebi,Tavis mxriv,Sedgeba olqeb-<br />

Si (samTavarxucesoebSi) gaerTianebuli<br />

samrevloebisagan da samRvdelm-<br />

TavroTa teritoriaze ganlagebuli<br />

monastrebisagan. samTavarxucesos<br />

xelmZRvaneloba mindobili aqvs episkoposis<br />

mier daniSnul mTavarxucess,<br />

samrevloebi ki eparqiis teritoriaze<br />

arsebul taZrebTan gaerTianebuli<br />

mrevlia, romelic samRvdelo da morwmune<br />

marTlmadidebel qristianTagan<br />

Sedgeba. maTi xelmZRvaneloba eparqiis<br />

mRvdelmTavris mier dadgenil winamZ-<br />

Rvars (mRvdels) evaleba. monasterTa<br />

saqmianoba ki xorcieldeba specialuri<br />

samonastro tibikonis Sesabamisad, misi<br />

marTva mRvdelmTavris mier dadgenil<br />

Savi samRvdeloebis Sesabamis warmomadgenels<br />

_ winamZRvars (mRvdel-monazoni,<br />

iRumeni, arqimandriti) aqvs mindobili.<br />

saqarTvelos wmida kaTolike samociqulo<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis gan-<br />

CinebiT, saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaliuri<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

iurisdiqciaSi arsebuli eparqiebi<br />

da maTi mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi<br />

arian:<br />

1. mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia (q.<br />

Tbilisi,q. mcxeTa (s<strong>of</strong>. wilknis,muxranisa<br />

da saguramos garda), gardabnis<br />

r-ni) _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi<br />

ilia II (RuduSauri-SiolaSvili).<br />

kaTedra da rezidencia mcxeTaSi,<br />

Tbilissa da biWvinTaSi.<br />

2. alaverdis eparqia (q. Telavi, q.<br />

axmeta) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

amba alaverdeli mitropoliti daviTi<br />

154<br />

(maxaraZe). kaTedra _ alaverdSi, rezidencia<br />

_alaverdsa da TelavSi.<br />

3. axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqia<br />

(q. axalqalaqi, ninowmindis r-ni)<br />

_ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />

nikolozi (faCuaSvili).<br />

kaTedra _ axalqalaqsa da kumurdoSi,<br />

rezidencia _ axalqalaqsa da ninowmindaSi.<br />

4. axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />

lazeTis eparqia (q. axalcixe, aspinZis<br />

da adigenis r-nebi, tao-klarjeTi da<br />

lazeTi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe). kaTedra<br />

da rezidencia _ axalcixesa da<br />

safaraSi.<br />

5. baTumisa da qobuleTis eparqia<br />

(q. baTumi, q. qobuleTi)<br />

_ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />

dimitri (SiolaSvili). kaTedra<br />

_ baTumSi, rezidencia _ baTumsa<br />

da qobuleTSi .<br />

6. bodbis eparqia (q. siRnaRi, q. ded<strong>of</strong>liswyaro)<br />

_yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi daviTi (tikariZe). kaTedra<br />

_ bodbeSi, rezidencia _ bodbeSi, siRnaRsa<br />

da ded<strong>of</strong>liswyaroSi.<br />

7. bolnisis eparqia (q. bolnisi)<br />

_ yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />

efremi (gamrekeliZe). kaTedra da rezidencia<br />

_ bolnisSi.<br />

8. borjomisa da bakurianis eparqia<br />

(q. borjomi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mTavarepiskoposi serafime (jojua).<br />

kaTedra da rezidencia _ borjomSi.<br />

9. dmanisis eparqia (q. dmanisi) _<br />

yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi zenoni<br />

(iarajuli). kaTedra da rezidencia<br />

_ dmanisSi.<br />

10. gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqia<br />

(q. gurjaani) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi eqvTime (leJava).<br />

kaTedra da rezidencia _ gurjaanSi.<br />

11. vanisa da baRdaTis eparqia (q.<br />

vani, q. baRdadi) _ maRalyovladusam-<br />

Rvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi antoni<br />

(buluxia). kaTedra _ baRdaTSi, rezi-

dencia _ vansa da baRdaTSi.<br />

12. zugdidisa da caiSis eparqia (q.<br />

zugdidi, q. walenjixa) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti gerasime<br />

(SaraSeniZe). kaTedra _ zugdidsa<br />

da caiSSi, rezidencia _ zugdidsa da<br />

walenjixaSi.<br />

13. manglisisa da walkis eparqia<br />

(q.TeTriwyaro, q. walka) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti anania<br />

(jafariZe). kaTedra da rezidencia _<br />

manglissa da walkaSi.<br />

14. margveTisa da ubisis eparqia (q.<br />

zestafoni, q. xaragauli) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mTavarepiskoposi<br />

vaxtangi (axvlediani). kaTedra _ zestafonSi,<br />

rezidencia _ zestafonsa da<br />

xaragaulSi.<br />

15. mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqia<br />

(q. mestia) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi ilarioni (qitiaSvili).<br />

kaTedra da rezidencia _ mestiaSi.<br />

16. nekresisa da hereTis eparqia<br />

(q. yvareli, q. lagodexi, saingilo)<br />

_ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />

sergi (CekuriSvili). kaTedra<br />

_ nekressa da yvarelSi, rezidencia<br />

_ yvarelSi, lagodexsa da kaxSi.<br />

17. nikorwmindis eparqia (q. ambrolauri,q.<br />

oni) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mTavarepiskoposi elise (joxa-<br />

Ze). kaTedra _ nikorwmindaSi, rezidencia<br />

_ ambrolaursa da onSi.<br />

18. niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqia<br />

(q. cxinvali, axalgoris, javisa da znauris<br />

r-nebi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti isaia (Wanturia).<br />

kaTedra da rezidencia _ niqozSi, cxinvalSi,<br />

axalgorsa da javaSi .<br />

19. rusTavisa da marneulis eparqia<br />

(q. rusTavi,q. marneuli) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti aTanase<br />

(CaxvaSvili). kaTedra _ rusTavSi, rezidencia<br />

_ rusTavsa da marneulSi.<br />

20. sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqia<br />

(q. sagarejo) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi luka (lomiZe). kaTedra<br />

da rezidencia _ sagarejosa da<br />

ninowmindaSi.<br />

21. samTavisisa da goris eparqia (q.<br />

gori, q. kaspi) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi andria (gvazava). kaTedra<br />

da rezidencia _ samTavisSi, gorsa da<br />

kaspSi.<br />

22. senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia<br />

(q. senaki, q. Cxorowyu) _ yovladusam-<br />

Rvdeloesi episkoposi Sio (mujiri).<br />

kaTedra _ senakSi,rezidencia _ senaksa<br />

da CxorowyuSi.<br />

23. stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqia<br />

(q. stefanwminda) _ yovladusam-<br />

Rvdeloesi episkoposi iegudieli (tabataZe).<br />

kaTedra da rezidencia _ stefanwmindaSi.<br />

24. sxalTis eparqia (q. qeda,q.Suaxevi,<br />

q. xulo) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />

spiridoni (abulaZe). kaTedra _<br />

sxalTaSi, rezidencia _ xuloSi.<br />

25. tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia<br />

(q. tyibuli, q. Terjola) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti<br />

giorgi (SalamberiZe). kaTedra da rezidencia<br />

_ TerjolaSi.<br />

26. urbnisisa da ruisis eparqia<br />

(q. xaSuri, q. qareli ) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti iobi<br />

(aqiaSvili). kaTedra _ urbnisSi, ruis-<br />

Si da xaSurSi, rezidencia _ xaSursa<br />

da suramSi.<br />

27. foTisa da xobis eparqia (q.<br />

foTi, q. xobi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti grigoli (berbi-<br />

WaSvili). kaTedra _ foTSi,rezidencia<br />

_ foTsa da xobSi.<br />

28. TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis eparqia<br />

(q. TianeTi) _ maRalyovladusam-<br />

Rvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi Tadeozi<br />

(ioramaSvili). kaTedra _ saguramosa<br />

da TianeTSi, rezidencia _ saguramoSi.<br />

29. quTais-gaenaTis eparqia (q. quTaisi,<br />

q. tyibuli, q. wyaltubo) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti<br />

kalistrate (margalitaSvili). kaTedra<br />

da rezidencia _ quTaissa da<br />

gelaTSi.<br />

30. Semoqmedis eparqia (q. ozurgeTi,<br />

155

q. lanCxuTi, q. Coxatauri) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mTavarepiskoposi<br />

iosebi (kikvaZe). kaTedra _ Semoqmedsa<br />

da ozurgeTSi, rezidencia _ ozurgeT-<br />

Si, lanCxuTsa da CoxataurSi.<br />

31. cagerisa da lentexis eparqia (q.<br />

cageri, q. lentexi) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi stefane (kalaijiSvili).<br />

kaTedra _ cagerSi, rezidencia<br />

_ cagersa da lentexSi.<br />

32. cxum-afxazeTis eparqia (q. soxumi,<br />

q. oCamCire, q. gudauTa, q. gali, q.<br />

gagra, q. gulrifSi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti danieli<br />

(daTuaSvili). kaTedra _ soxumsa<br />

da axal aTonSi, rezidencia _ soxumSi,<br />

gudauTasa da gagraSi.<br />

33. wilknisa da duSeTis eparqia<br />

(q. duSeTi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mTavarepiskoposi zosime (SioSvili).<br />

kaTedra _ wilkanSi, rezidencia<br />

_ wilkansa da duSeTSi.<br />

34. WiaTurisa da saCxeris eparqia<br />

(q. WiaTura, q. saCxere) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti<br />

danieli (daTuaSvili). kaTedra<br />

_ WiaTuraSi, rezidencia _ WiaTurasa<br />

da saCxereSi.<br />

35. Wyondidis eparqia (q. abaSa, q.<br />

martvili) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mTavarepiskoposi petre (caava).<br />

kaTedra _ martvilSi, rezidencia _<br />

abaSasa da martvilSi.<br />

36. xonisa da samtrediis eparqia (q.<br />

xoni, q. samtredia) _ maRalyovladusam-<br />

Rvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi saba (gigiberia).<br />

kaTedra _ xonSi, rezidencia<br />

_ xonsa da samtrediaSi.<br />

37. dasavleT evropis eparqia _<br />

maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />

abraami (garmelia).<br />

1. mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia<br />

mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia ori uZvelesi<br />

qarTuli samRvdelmTavros _<br />

mcxeTis da Tbilisis saepiskoposoebis<br />

Serwymis Sedegad warmoiSva. saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

Semdeg (1917 w.), meore saeklesio<br />

krebis ganCinebiT, 1920 wlis 20 ivliss,<br />

gaerTianda mcxeTis da Tbilisis eparqiebi<br />

da amis Semdeg mis mwyemsmTavars<br />

mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi<br />

ewoda. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

mcxeTisa da Tbilisis<br />

gaerTianebul samRvdelmTavroTa<br />

mTavarepiskoposic gaxlavT.<br />

saqarTvelos amJamindeli saeparqio<br />

administrirebis Tanaxmad, mcxeTa-<br />

Tbilisis eparqias aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

ninowmindisa da sagarejos,<br />

dasavleTidan _ samTavisisa da goris,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ wilkan-duSeTisa da<br />

stefanwminda-xevis, samxreTidan _ manglis-walkisa<br />

da rusTav-marneulis eparqiebi.<br />

qristianuli saqarTvelos saeklesio<br />

centri odiTganve mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />

eparqiaa. mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis<br />

mniSvneloba, tradiciulad, imdenad<br />

didi iyo saqarTvelos saeklesio<br />

cxovrebaSi, rom, zogjer, qarTul da<br />

ucxour werilobiT wyaroebSi saqarTvelos<br />

eklesia SemoklebiT `mcxeTis<br />

kaTolike samociqulo eklesiis~,<br />

`mcxeTis saydris~, `mcxeTis sapatriarqo<br />

taZris~ an martivad `mcxeTis<br />

eklesiis~ saxeliT ixsenieboda.<br />

erTiani saqarTvelos eklesiasTan<br />

mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis gaigivebis<br />

tradicias, qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebisTanave, aqauri<br />

mRvdelmTavris saqarTvelos saeklesio<br />

saWeTmpyroblad aRiarebis dawesebam<br />

Cauyara safuZveli. imavdroulad,<br />

mcxeTa, rogorc saqarTvelos saxelmwifos<br />

dedaqalaqi, ms<strong>of</strong>lio saeklesio<br />

praqtikis Sesabamisad, qveynis saeklesio<br />

centradac miiCneoda.<br />

arqeologiuri masalebi adasturebs,<br />

rom mcxeTasa da mis midamoebSi qristianuli<br />

Temebi pirvelive saukuneebidan<br />

arsebobda.<br />

qristianobis damkvidrebasTan er-<br />

156

Tad, dedaqalaqma mniSvnelovnad icvala<br />

saxe. Tuki warmarTuli mcxeTis<br />

centri mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze<br />

iyo, qristianobis miRebisTanave far-<br />

Tod gaSlilma aRmSeneblobam mdinaris<br />

marcxena napiras, uflis kvarTis<br />

samy<strong>of</strong>lis garSemo moiyara Tavi. mcxeTis<br />

pirveli eklesiebis mSenebloba<br />

wmida ninos moRvaweobis adgilebTan<br />

aris dakavSirebuli.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesias pirvel<br />

etapze, vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio<br />

reformamde da kaTolikosis institutis<br />

SemoRebamde, mTavarepiskoposi<br />

marTavda. aqedan moyolebuli, mcxeTis<br />

mTavarepiskoposi saqarTvelos erTiani<br />

eklesiis mwyemsadac iTvleboda.<br />

mTavarepiskoposis kaTedra mcxeTaSi<br />

_ dedaqalaqSi iyo. im periodSi<br />

mcxeTaSi mcire eklesiebTan erTad ori<br />

centraluri eklesia moqmedebda: zemo<br />

_ samTavros eklesia da qvemo _ sveticxovlis<br />

sakaTedro taZari, romelic<br />

480-ian wlebamde xis patara eklesias<br />

warmoadgenda. aq iyo qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis<br />

kaTedra. qarTlis moqcevidan<br />

aRniSnul reformamde da sveticxovlis<br />

ganaxlebamde `...gardaxdes welni<br />

r~o (170), mefeni gardacvalebul iyvnen<br />

aTni da mTavarepiskoposni i~g (cameti)~.<br />

mTavarepiskopos ioane I Semdeg misi adgili<br />

daikava iakobma, romelmac, Tavis<br />

mxriv,didi Rvawli dasdo saqarTvelos<br />

eklesias. igi mirianis mefobis dros<br />

saberZneTidan iyo mosuli.<br />

vaxtang gorgasalma Tavisi mefobis<br />

meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

organizaciul-administraciuli<br />

struqtura kaTolikosis institutis<br />

SemoRebiTa da, imavdroulad, Tormeti<br />

axali saepiskoposos daarsebiT Secvala.<br />

saepiskoposoebs Soris mcxeTac<br />

ixsenieba. samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebi<br />

zogi ukve arsebul eklesiebSi daaarses,<br />

zogisTvis ki axlad aages sakaTedro<br />

taZrebi. episkoposi, rogorc wesi,<br />

sagamgeo olqis _ eparqiis centralur<br />

qalaqSi ijda.<br />

157<br />

vaxtangs kaTolikosis rezidenciisaTvis<br />

mociqulTa saxelobis eklesia<br />

_ sveticxoveli mcxeTaSi axlad augia.<br />

mcxeTaSive arsebuli episkoposis<br />

Zveli saydari `macxovris~ saxelobisa<br />

saepiskoposod uqceviaT. amrigad, kaTolikosis<br />

institutis SemoRebis Semdeg<br />

mcxeTa ori mRvdelmTavris rezidenciad<br />

gadaiqca. kaTolikosisa da episkoposis<br />

kaTedrebi orive mcxeTaSi mdebareobda.<br />

reformis Semdeg qarTlis<br />

episkoposis kaTedra mcxeTaSive darCa,<br />

magram igi ukve erT-erT episkoposad<br />

CaiTvala da misi samwyso teritoria<br />

sagrZnoblad Semcirda. V saukunemde,<br />

aRniSnul reformamde, mcxeTis saepiskoposos<br />

iurisdiqcia mTlianad qarTlis<br />

samefos teritoriaze vrceldeboda<br />

da aq arsebuli yvela eklesia mas<br />

emorCileboda. kaTolikosobis dawesebidan<br />

mcxeTis saepiskoposo sakaTolikosoSi<br />

Semaval erT-erT saepiskoposod<br />

iqca, romlis iurisdiqcia mxolod<br />

mdinareebis _ rexulasa da did<br />

liaxvs Soris mdebare teritoriaze<br />

vrceldeboda. am periodidan mcxeTis<br />

saepiskoposos meTaurs qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi<br />

an samTavros episkoposi<br />

ewodeboda. mcxeTis saepiskoposo eklesia<br />

samTavros saxeliTac ixsenieba,<br />

rogorc `mTavris~, mTavarepiskoposis<br />

rezidencia. qarTlis episkoposs, kaTolikosis<br />

Semdeg, pirveli adgili ekava<br />

ierarqiulad da qveynisaTvis udidesi<br />

mniSvnelobis movlenis dros _ mefis<br />

kurTxevisas _ kaTolikosis Semdeg upiratesad<br />

iTvleboda.<br />

vaxtangis saeklesio reformis Semdeg<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis pirveli<br />

kaTolikosi iyo petre I, xolo mTavarepiskoposi<br />

_ samoel I. mcxeTis kaTolikosi<br />

iyo mefis Semdeg umaRlesi<br />

piri.<br />

TbilisSi didi mSeneblobis dawyeba<br />

V s-is 60-ian wlebs ukavSirdeba<br />

da savaraudoa, rom Tbilisis sionis<br />

mSeneblobac am droidanve daiwyo,<br />

radgan amave periodidanve ixsenieba

pirveli Tbileli episkoposic. Tbileli<br />

episkoposis kaTedra dasawyisidanve<br />

Tbilisis sioni iyo.<br />

qarTlis centraluri eparqiebi,<br />

tradiciulad mcxeTa da Tbilisi, teritoriuli<br />

siaxlovis miuxedavad, gansxvavebul<br />

mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen.<br />

odiTganve ki maT mRvdelmTavrebs Sesabamisi<br />

funqciuri datvirTva da movaleobebi<br />

hqondaT saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

winaSe. dedaqalaqis TbilisSi gadmotaniT<br />

pirvel etapze aqauri mRvdelm-<br />

Tavris gavlenac Sesabamisad gaizrdeboda,<br />

magram Tbileli mRvdelmTavari<br />

qveynis politikuri mdgomareobis Sesabamisad<br />

mudmivad ver inarCunebda<br />

dawinaurebul mdgomareobas. mterTa<br />

Semosevisas qveynis Znelbedoba upirvelesad<br />

Tbilisze aisaxeboda. momxduri<br />

dedaqalaqis dapyrobiT da aoxrebiT<br />

saxelmwifos aclida umTavres dasayrdens.<br />

Tbilisis samRvdelmTavro<br />

samwysoc amis kvalad nadgurdeboda<br />

da knindeboda. arabi amiras oTxsaukunovani<br />

uRlis gadagdebis Semdegac<br />

ki Tbilisis eparqia didi xnis ganmavlobaSi<br />

sakmaod damcrobili Cans.<br />

Tbileli episkoposis mitropolitis<br />

xarisxSi amaRleba XVII_XVIII ssis<br />

mijnaze qarTlis mefis erekle I<br />

nazarali-xanis (1688_1703, kaxeTSi _<br />

1703_09 ww.) dros da ioane diasamiZis<br />

patriarqobisas aRsrulda. amis Semdeg<br />

Tbileli mRvdelmTavrebi mitropolitis<br />

maRali samRvdelmTavro wodebiT<br />

ixseniebian. Tbilelis mitropolitoba<br />

mefe erekle meoremac daadastura.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebamde Tbileli da mcxeTeli<br />

mRvdelmTavrebi TavianT dawinaurebul<br />

mdgomareobas inarCunebdnen. saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis<br />

Semdeg Tbilelisa da mcxeTelis<br />

kaTedra qarTlis sxva eparqiebTan<br />

erTad egzarqoss daqvemdebarebul<br />

erT samRvdelmTavrod gaerTianda.<br />

mcxeTasa da TbilisSi mimdinare<br />

kulturul-saganmanaTleblo muSaoba<br />

158<br />

ZiriTadad am mxareSi arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi<br />

mimdinareobda. umdidresi<br />

biblioTekebi hqonda mcxeTis<br />

sveticxovlis, samTavros, SiomRvimis<br />

da sxva saganmanaTleblo kerebs. yvela<br />

eklesia Tavisebur skolas warmoadgenda<br />

momavali Taobis qristianuli<br />

zneobiT aRzrdis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

eklesiis aqtiuri poziciac saqveynod<br />

iyo gacxadebuli samefo karis Tu<br />

didebulTa maRalzneobrivi, erisTvis<br />

misabaZi qristianuli cxovrebis<br />

SenarCunebisaTvis. saeklesio kreba<br />

ganaCinebda mefis yvela mniSvnelovan<br />

nabijs daviT aRmaSeneblis, Tamaris,<br />

giorgi brwyinvalis, aleqsandre didis...<br />

dros.<br />

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi, 1811 wels,<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg, dasrulda saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis istoriis Zveli periodi.<br />

am droidan qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa<br />

odiTganve mkacrad gansazRvruli<br />

uflebrivi mdgomareoba uary<strong>of</strong>il<br />

iqna, qarTlis uZvelesi eparqiebi ki<br />

egzarqoss damorCilebul erT _ mcxe-<br />

Ta-qarTlis eparqiaSi gaerTianda.<br />

1917 wlis seqtemberSi Tbilisis<br />

sionSi avtokefaliaaRdgenili saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis pirvel saeklesio<br />

krebaze SemuSavda eklesiis marTvagamgeobis<br />

debuleba, romlis Tanaxmad<br />

pirvel etapze 13 eparqia ganaxlda.<br />

eparqiaTa CamonaTvalSi pirvel da<br />

meore adgilze mcxeTisa da Tbilisis<br />

samRvdelmTavroebi ixsenieba. pirvel<br />

kaTolikosad arCeuli kirion saZagliSvili<br />

TbilisSi Zvel sapatriarqo<br />

taZarSi _ anCisxatSi aRasrulebda<br />

RvTismsaxurebas. Tbileli mRvdelm-<br />

Tavris kaTedra sionis taZari iyo. 1918<br />

wlis ivnisSi tragikulad aRsrulebuli<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis adgili<br />

Tbilelma mitropolitma leonidem<br />

daikava. saqarTvelos eklesiis mar-<br />

Tva-gamgeobis debulebaSi, 1920 wlis<br />

20 ivlisis meore saeklesio krebis<br />

ganCinebiT, garkveuli saxis cvlile-

ebi Sevida. gaerTianda mcxeTisa da<br />

Tbilisis eparqiebi, mis mwyemsmTavars<br />

amis Semdeg mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi<br />

ewoda. saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqebi amieridan<br />

mcxeTisa da Tbilisis gaerTianebuli<br />

samRvdelmTavroebis mwyemsmTavrebi<br />

arian.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />

eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi da<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTolikos-patriarqebi<br />

wmida mRvdelmTavar kirion<br />

saZagliSvilis Semdeg iyvnen uwmidesni<br />

da unetaresni:<br />

leonide oqropiriZe (1918_1921 ww.);<br />

ambrosi xelaia (1921_1927 ww.);<br />

qristefore cicqiSvili (1927_1932 ww.);<br />

kalistrate cincaZe (1932_1952 ww.);<br />

melqisedek fxalaZe (1952_1960 ww.);<br />

efrem sidamoniZe (1960_1972 ww.);<br />

daviT devdariani (1972_1977 ww.).<br />

1977 wlis 25 dekembridan saqarTvelos<br />

wmida kaTolike samociqulo<br />

eklesias mwyemsmTavrobs sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />

mTavarepiskoposi ilia II SiolaSvili.<br />

mTeli am xnis manZilze qveyanaSi<br />

arsebuli antieklesiuri politikuri<br />

reJimis miuxedavad, RvTis SewevniT da<br />

patriarqis dinji da gawonasworebuli<br />

moRvaweobiT saqarTvelos eklesia<br />

ibrunebs saukuneTa nacad tradiciul<br />

funqcias.<br />

mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiaSi adridanve<br />

aseulobiT taZari iyo agebuli<br />

Cveni winaprebis mier. amJamad moqmedi<br />

eklesiebisa da monastrebis ricxvi or<br />

aseuls aRwevs, RvTismsaxurTa raodenoba<br />

ki gacilebiT metia.<br />

2. rusTavisa da marneulis eparqia<br />

rusTavisa da marneulis eparqia aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTvelos samxreTiT mdebare<br />

erT-erTi sazRvrispira eparqiaa.<br />

159<br />

igi moicavs qalaqebs _ rusTavs, marneuls,<br />

gardabansa da maT mimdebare teritorias.<br />

eparqiis iurisdiqcia istoriul<br />

qvemo qarTlis vakeze (aRmosavleTiT<br />

rusTavi, dasavleTiT marneuli),<br />

mdinareebis _ mtkvris, algeTisa da<br />

xramis auzebze vrceldeba. rusTavisa<br />

da marneulis samRvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba sagarejosa da<br />

ninowmindis eparqia, CrdiloeTidan _<br />

mcxeTa-Tbilisis, dasavleTidan _ manglis-walkisa<br />

da bolnisis eparqiebi,<br />

eparqiis samxreTi sazRvari emTxveva<br />

somxeTisa da azerbaijanis saxelmwifo<br />

sazRvars.<br />

eparqiis samRvdelmTavro rezidencia<br />

_ rusTavi saqarTvelos erTerT<br />

uZveles qalaqad aris miCneuli.<br />

toponim `rusTavis~ warmoSobas am<br />

adgilebSi md. mtkvridan sarwyavi arxis,<br />

ZvelqarTulad _ `rus~ gayvanas<br />

ukavSireben: „gaiRo mefeman vaxtang ru<br />

mtkurisagan“.<br />

marneuli qalaqur dasaxlebad<br />

iqauri s<strong>of</strong>lebis: lomTagora-marneulis,<br />

eklesiis, Wandar-sandarisa da<br />

sarvanis gaerTianebis Sedegad iqca.<br />

uZvelesi dasaxlebaa lomTagora, „marneuls,<br />

sadaca ars afTarni mravalni,<br />

ars nacixvari,mis gamo iwoda Zueladve<br />

lomTa-gora“, romelic werilobiT wyaroebSi<br />

pirvelad XIII s-Si ixsenieba.<br />

XVII s-Si iranis Sahma abas I aqedan ayrili<br />

qarTuli mosaxleobis nacvlad<br />

borCalus Turqmanuli tomi daasaxla,<br />

ris gamoc aqaur dasaxlebasac borCalo<br />

ewoda. XX s-is SuaxanebSi ki kvlav<br />

aRdga Zveli qarTuli saxelwodeba.<br />

eparqiis teritoriaze eklesiaTa<br />

mSenebloba saqarTvelos gaqristianebis<br />

dasawyisidanve iwyeba. „moqcevaÁ<br />

qarTlisaÁs“ Tanaxmad, IV s-is bolos<br />

Trdat mefes rusTavSi daudvia „eklesiisa<br />

safuZveli“. saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

organizaciuli mowyobis droidan<br />

rusTavi mcxeTis saydris iurisdiqciaSi<br />

Sedioda. wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgaslis saeklesio reformis Sem-

deg rusTavi saepiskoposo erTeulad<br />

aRiracxeba da igi rusTavis saerisTavos<br />

teritorias moicavda. imJamindeli<br />

tradiciis Tanaxmad, axlad Camoyalibebuli<br />

eparqiebisaTvis saerisTavoebis<br />

centralur qalaqebSi sagangebod<br />

Sendeboda saeparqio sakaTedro taZrebi.<br />

V saukunis bolosaTvis rusTav-<br />

Si ukve arsebobda erTi sakaTedro<br />

da ramdenime masze daqvemdebarebuli<br />

eklesia. arqeologiuri monacemebiT,<br />

rusTavSi dadasturebulia qristianobis<br />

adreuli periodis eklesiaTa arseboba.<br />

saqarTvelos saeklesio cxovreba-<br />

Si rusTveli episkoposis aqtiuroba<br />

araerTxel dasturdeba. 506 wlis dvinis<br />

saeklesio krebas rusTveli episkoposic<br />

eswreboda.<br />

droTa ganmavlobaSi rusTavis<br />

saepiskoposos mdgomareoba icvleboda,<br />

mas xSirad hqonda damcroba-Seviwroebisa<br />

Tu aRzeveba-dawinaurebis<br />

periodebi. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi,<br />

mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg, momxdurTa<br />

saTareSo asparezad TbilisTan erTad<br />

qvemo qarTlis vakec iqca. saqarTveloSi<br />

arabebis gamanadgurebeli laSqrobis<br />

Semdeg, Tbilisis saamiros oTxsaukunovani<br />

istoriis manZilze, VIII<br />

s-is 30-iani wlebidan XII s-is dasawyisamde,<br />

rusTavi Tbilisis amiras xelSi<br />

iyo. XI saukuneSi mas damoukidebeli<br />

amirac ki ganagebda. XIII saukunis<br />

60-iani wlebis bolos oqros urdos<br />

yaenma berqam daarbia rusTavi da misi<br />

mimdebare mxareebi. amis Semdeg rus-<br />

Taveli mRvdelmTavris sadgomad miCneul<br />

iqna marty<strong>of</strong>i. marty<strong>of</strong>Si my<strong>of</strong>i<br />

mRvdelmTavari kvlav rusTvelad ixsenieboda.<br />

rusTveli mRvdelmTavris dawinaurebasa<br />

da amaRlebas misi bisoniT<br />

SemosviTa da mitropolitis xarisxSi<br />

ayvaniT erekle I ganaCinebs: „SevamkeT<br />

da miuboZeT sauflo kaba Cveni porfir-bisoni<br />

da STavacviT kvarTi sam-<br />

Tavro da SevmoseT mefeTa samoseliTa<br />

160<br />

da mitropolitad ganvaweseT“.<br />

aRzevebuli saepiskoposo 1811 wels,<br />

saqrTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebisas, mxolod rva s<strong>of</strong>liT Semoifargleboda.<br />

egzarqosis institutis<br />

dawesebiT ki eparqia saerTod<br />

gauqmda da saeklesio organizacia<br />

qarTlsa da kaxeTSi mxolod mcxeTisa<br />

da alaverdis eparqiebiT ganisazRvra.<br />

TiTqmis orsaukunovani umoqmedobis<br />

Semdeg saganmanaTleblo da mwignobruli<br />

tradiciiT gamorCeuli<br />

rusTavis eparqiis aRdgena sruliad<br />

mitropo-<br />

RalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

liti aTanase (CaxvaSvili).<br />

3. quTais-gaenaTis eparqia<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II ZalisxmeviT<br />

mxolod 1995 wlis aprilSi<br />

gaxda SesaZlebeli. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers,<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />

rusTavis eparqias rusTavisa<br />

da marneulis eparqia ewoda.<br />

1997 wels rusTavis samRvdelmTavros<br />

mwyemsmTavrad dainiSna ma-<br />

quTais-gaenaTis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi, istoriuli egris-afxazeTis<br />

samefos centralur nawilSi<br />

mdebareobs. igi mdinare rionis qvemo<br />

dinebasa da wyalwiTelas xeobas moicavs.<br />

eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis<br />

qalaqebi quTaisi, wyaltubo, maTi mimdebare<br />

teritoriebiT da tyibulis raionis<br />

nawili. quTais-gaenaTis eparqias<br />

aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba Terjolisa<br />

da tyibulis, dasavleTidan _ xonisa<br />

da samtrediis, CrdiloeTidan _<br />

nikorwmindis, cagerisa da qvemo svane-<br />

Tis, samxreTidan _ vanisa da baRdaTis<br />

eparqiebi.<br />

bibliuri noes STamomavlis _ egris<br />

wilxvdomil mamulze, adreul werilobiT<br />

wyaroTa dasturiT, arsebuli<br />

uZvelesi saxelmwifos Sesaxeb Zveli<br />

asuruli da urartuli solisebri

warwerebi gvauwyeben. antikur samyaro-<br />

Si cnobili kolxeTis mZlavri samefos<br />

Sesaxeb berZen-romaeli mwerlebic<br />

werdnen. herodote mas axlo aRmosavleTis<br />

didi monarqiebis _ midiisa<br />

da aqemeniduri iranis _ gverdiT axsenebs.<br />

am qveynis centralur qalaqs apolonios<br />

rodoseli (qristes Sobamde<br />

III s.) kutaias, xolo prokopi kesarieli<br />

(VI s.) kutaions uwodeben. evropaaziis<br />

wyalgamy<strong>of</strong>i da saerTaSoriso<br />

magistralis erTi monakveTi _ md. rioni<br />

_ eparqiis teritorias Suaze y<strong>of</strong>da.<br />

qarTuli da ucxouri werilobi-<br />

Ti wyaroebi swored mdinare fazisTan<br />

akavSireben saqarTveloSi mociqulTa<br />

mimosvlis marSruts.<br />

VII s-Si daarsebula quTaisis saepiskoposoc,<br />

romelic imJamindel dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos sakmaod vrcel<br />

teritorias moicavda. quTaisis samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedris dawinaureba, gansakuTrebiT<br />

VIII s-is bolo meoTxedidan,<br />

leon II afxazTa mTavris mier egris-afxazeTis<br />

gaerTianebuli samefos<br />

SeqmniT daiwyo. axalSeqmnili samefos<br />

politikur-administraciuli centri<br />

qalaqi quTaisi gaxda, romlis Zalaufleba<br />

mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze,<br />

maT Soris zRvispireTzec vrceldeboda.<br />

berZnulenovani lazikisa da abazgiis<br />

samRvdelmTavroebis gauqmebis<br />

Semdeg politikurad gaerTianebuli<br />

dasavleT saqarTvelos dawinaurebul<br />

kaTedrad quTaisis samwyso iTvleboda,<br />

romelic guriisa da aWaris mniSvnelovan<br />

nawilsac aerTianebda. quTaTeli<br />

mRvdelmTavris aRzeveba aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTvelodan dasavleT saqarTveloSi<br />

„mefe“ stefanozis da mTeli samefo<br />

ojaxis gadasvlam (VIII s-Si arab-<br />

Ta Semosevebis gamo) ganapiroba. mefem<br />

ukanaskneli gansasvenebeli „saydarsa<br />

quTaissa“ pova da amis Semdeg quTaisi<br />

mefeTa saZvaled iTvleboda.<br />

X s-is bolo meoTxedidan, 978 wels<br />

quTaisSi gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos<br />

mefis _ bagrat III kurTxevis Semdeg<br />

161<br />

igi <strong>of</strong>icialurad saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi,<br />

xolo „quTaTeli _ saqarTvelos<br />

mefeTa makurTxebelica da mesaflavec<br />

gaxda“. saqarTvelos imJamindeli dedaqalaqisaTvis<br />

axali samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedra 1027 wels „aRaSena mefeman<br />

bagrat, yovlad wmidisa eklesia<br />

Suenieri, gumbaTiani... yovliTa SemkobilebiTa<br />

sruli, da friad didi...“. qu-<br />

Taisi 1122 wlamde, daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

mier Tbilisis aRebamde, saqarTvelos<br />

dedaqalaqad iTvleboda da amis Semdegac<br />

rusudanis, daviT narinisa da<br />

sxvaTa mefobisas igi saqarTvelos saxelmwifos<br />

administraciul centrs<br />

warmoadgenda. mefis kurTxevis dros<br />

dedaqalaqad Tbilisis dawesebis miuxedavad,<br />

Zveli tradiciis Sesabamisad<br />

kvlav quTaTelia erT-erTi upiratesi<br />

mRvdelmTavari, „vinaTgan lixT-imeriTgan<br />

iyo wesi dadgmad gvirgvinsa Tavsa<br />

sameufosa“. Tamaris mefed kurTxevisas<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis dawinaurebul<br />

mRvdelmTavarTa Soris umTavresi<br />

samefo regaliis _ mefis gvirgvinis<br />

dadgma kvlav quTaTelma aRasrula.<br />

XVII_XVIII ss., imereTis saerTo<br />

dakninebis periodi, quTaTelis samRvdelmTavros<br />

damcrobis xanad iTvleba.<br />

osmalTa mZlavrobisagan da adgilobriv<br />

mTavarTa mixdomisagan gapartaxebuli<br />

quTaTelis samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedra saukunis bolos, 1691 wels<br />

droebiT gauqmda kidec: „gamovidnen<br />

cixidam osmalni da Semusres quTaisis<br />

eklesia yovlad wmidisa did Suenierad<br />

gebuli... saquTaTlo saepiskoposos“.<br />

quTaisis gapartaxebuli eparqiis<br />

aRdgena XVIII s-is Sua wlebidan iwyeba.<br />

1740 wels sruliad axalgazrda, 20<br />

wlis mitropoliti anton bagrationi,<br />

momavalSi saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi<br />

anton I, quTaisis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavrad daadgines. imereTis mefis<br />

_ solomon I Zalisxmevas ukavSirdeba<br />

damcrobil-dakninebuli quTaisisa<br />

da gelaTis samRvdelmTavroTa te-

162<br />

ritoriis da Zveli mamulebis moZieba<br />

da ganaxleba.<br />

egris-afxazeTis sakaTolikoso ka-<br />

Tedrisa da rezidenciis gelaTSi gadatanis<br />

Semdeg kaTolikosad xSirad<br />

quTaTels an gaenaTels niSnavdnen.<br />

quTaTelisa da gaenaTelis samSoblosadmi<br />

tradiciul erTgulebasa da<br />

did mamuliSvilobas avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebamde aqaur mRvdelmTavarTa _<br />

dosiTeoz quTaTelisa (wereTeli) da<br />

eqvTime gaenaTelis moRvaweoba adasturebs.<br />

me-18 saukunis 70-iani wlebis<br />

bolodan, TiTqmis oTxi aTeuli wlis<br />

manZilze, 1820 wlamde, aRniSnul kaTedrebs<br />

ganagebdnen dosiTeoz quTaTeli<br />

(wereTeli) da eqvTime ServaSiZe.<br />

maTi ZalisxmeviT, mTeli saqarTvelos<br />

erT samefod gaerTianebis safuZveli<br />

momzadda. aRmosavleT da dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos Soris „iverielTa erTobis<br />

traqtati“ daido, sadac amier da<br />

imier qarTvelTa Wirsa da lxinSi Tanadgomis<br />

aRTqma iyo dadebuli.<br />

1819_20 wlebis imereTis cnobili<br />

ajanyebisas dosiTeoz quTaTeli da<br />

eqvTime gaenaTeli ajanyebis Suagul-<br />

Si aRmoCndnen. ruseTis mier wamowyebuli<br />

„inventarizaciiT“ aRSfoTebul<br />

imerel mosaxleobas mRvdelmTavrebi<br />

qristesmieri siyvaruliT gansjisa<br />

da simSvidisaken mouwodebdnen, xolo<br />

ruseTis saero da saeklesio xelisuflebas<br />

am gaugonari da Cveni eklesiisaTvis<br />

miuRebeli saqmianobis Sewyvetas<br />

sTxovdnen. rusma moxeleebma<br />

moxuci mRvdelmTavrebi saxelmwifos<br />

mter „buntovSCikebad“ Seracxes da<br />

maT dasapatimreblad, TiTqos did saomar<br />

operacias atarebdnen, damatebiTi<br />

SeiaraRebuli razmebi moiTxoves.<br />

nacemi da xiStebiT daCxvletili<br />

mRvdelmTavrebi, tomrebiT cxenebs akidebulni,<br />

ruseTis gzas gauyenes. dasustebuli<br />

dosiTeozi ananurTan gardaicvala,<br />

eqvTime ki novgorodidan imperatorTan<br />

warsadgenad peterburgSi<br />

Caiyvanes... moxuc mRvdelmTavars mravalricxovan<br />

qarTvelTa sisxlis daTxevis<br />

gamo imperator aleqsandre I-sTvis<br />

„axali drois neroni“ uwodebia.<br />

gasaxlebuli da samSoblos monatruli<br />

mxcovani mRvdelmTavari 1822 wlis<br />

21 aprils novgorodSi, sviris monasterSi<br />

gardaicvala.<br />

imereTis ajanyebis sastikad CaxSobis<br />

Semdeg, 1821 wels ruseTis sinodis<br />

19 noembris brZanebiT, imereTSi arsebuli<br />

eparqiebidan Seiqmna mxolod<br />

erTi _ imereTis eparqia, romlis ka-<br />

Tedra quTaisSi iyo. eparqiis mmarTveloba,<br />

imperatoris neba-surviliT, manamde<br />

nikorwmindel episkopos s<strong>of</strong>rom<br />

wulukiZes miandes (1821_1845 ww.). mas<br />

ruseTis sinodma arqiepiskoposis wodeba<br />

mianiWa.<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, 1917<br />

wlis seqtemberSi, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

pirvel krebaze ganaxlebul 13<br />

eparqias Soris quTaisisa da gelaTis<br />

eparqiebic aRdga. krebaze quTaTel<br />

mRvdelmTavrad dainiSna mitropoliti<br />

anton giorgaZe. qveynad dawyebuli saeklesio<br />

represiebis dros mitropoliti<br />

antoni, maleve, 1918 wlis seqtember-<br />

Si, mowamvliT gamoasalmes sicocxles.<br />

male quTaisisa da gaenaTis kaTedrebi<br />

erT samwysod gaerTianda da quTaisgaenaTis<br />

eparqia ewoda.<br />

quTais-gaenaTis eparqias amJamad<br />

marTavs maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti kalistrate (margalitaSvili).<br />

4. manglisisa da walkis eparqia<br />

manglisisa da walkis eparqia qristianuli<br />

saqarTvelos uZvelesi samRvdelmTavro<br />

samwysoa. eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

Sedis manglisis, TeTriwyaros<br />

(Zv. garisi), walkis (Zv. eZini) raionebi.<br />

eparqias aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

rusTavisa da marneulis,dasavleTidan<br />

_ borjomisa da bakurianis, axalqalaqisa<br />

da kumurdos, CrdiloeTidan<br />

_ mcxeTa-Tbilisis, samTavisisa da go-

is, samxreTidan _ bolnisis da, agreTve,<br />

dmanisis eparqiebi. wmida mefe vaxtangis<br />

mier daarsebul saqarTvelos<br />

sakaTolikosos eparqiaTagan manglisi<br />

meoTxe samRvdelmTavrod ixsenieba.<br />

igi 12 eparqias Soris axizis, eruSe-<br />

Tisa da wundis Semdeg saxeldeba, rac<br />

misi didi mniSvnelobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.<br />

IV s-is I naxevarSi werilobiT<br />

wyaroebSi ukve qalaqad moxseniebuli<br />

manglisi vaxtangis Semdeg periodSi,<br />

VI s-Si, qarTlis „yvelaze mniSvnelovan“<br />

qalaqTa Soris (Tbilisi, ujarma,<br />

bolnisi, rusTavi) ixsenieba. saeklesio<br />

kuTxiT manglisis dawinaurebas saka-<br />

Tedro taZris ageba da iq daculi umniSvnelovanesi<br />

siwmideebi _ „ficari<br />

ferxisa uflisa~ ganapirobebda. manglisis<br />

saydris dawinaurebul mdgomareobas<br />

dvinis saeklesio krebaze, 506<br />

wels, 24 qarTvel episkoposTa Soris<br />

aqauri mRvdelmTavris „elages episkopos<br />

mangleacis“ me-9 adgilze moxseniebac<br />

mianiSnebs.<br />

eparqiis sakaTedro taZari VI s-Si<br />

imdenad saxelganTqmuli iyo, rom mcxe-<br />

Tis jvarTan erTad saxeldeba da mis<br />

mosalocad saqarTvelos sazRvrebs garedan,<br />

kerZod somxeTidanac dadiodnen.<br />

amJamad eparqia manglisis Zvel sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro samwysosTan erTad walkis<br />

kaTedris teritoriasac aerTianebs.<br />

vaxuStis cnobiT, mdinare „qciis<br />

kideze ars eklesia gunbaTiani, walkas<br />

didi, keTilnaSeni, zis episkopozi,<br />

mwyemsi TrialeTisa“. Tumca walkis<br />

gaqalaqeba da misi saxelobis saepiskoposo<br />

kaTedris Camoyalibeba mogvianebiT<br />

moxda. saukuneTa manZilze iranosmaleTTan<br />

ganuwyvetelma TavdacviTma<br />

brZolebma, Crdilokavkasieli<br />

tomebis xSirma darbevebma _ „lekianobam“<br />

_ mosaxleobis ricxvi Seamcira,<br />

teritoriebi gaapartaxa da XVIII s-is<br />

SuaxanebisaTvis qarTlisa da kaxeTis<br />

zogierTi eparqiis msgavsad manglisisa<br />

da walkis saepiskoposoebic aoxrda<br />

da daicala.<br />

adridanve, qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis droidan,am<br />

mxareSi mravali gamorCeuli eklesia<br />

da monasteri arsebobda: samSvilde,<br />

gudarexi, didi ToneTis sameba, fitare-<br />

Ti, didi kldeisi, winwyaro, beSTaSeni,<br />

walka, TeZami, pirRebuli da sxv. 1917<br />

wlis seqtemberSi aRdga uZvelesi da<br />

mravalgansacdelgamovlili samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedra. igi manglisisa da<br />

walkis Zvel saepiskoposo teritoria-<br />

Ta gaerTianebuli samwysoa.<br />

qveynis Znelbedobis Jams uZveles<br />

qarTul saqristiano kuTxeSi sxvadasxva<br />

erovnebis xalxi Caasaxles. es<br />

mxare didi eTnikuri mravalferovnebiT<br />

gamoirCeva, ramac marTlmadidebeli<br />

mrevlis Semcireba gamoiwvia. Tavis<br />

droze, mahmadianuri agresiis gamo,<br />

es mxare didad dazaralda, axla amas<br />

daemata isic, rom qarTuli mosaxleoba<br />

ucxoeTSi, ZiriTadad saberZneTSi,<br />

wavida. berZnuli mosaxleobis didma<br />

nawilmac datova saqarTvelo da sam-<br />

SobloSi dabrunda.<br />

amJamad eparqias marTavs maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti anania<br />

(jafariZe).<br />

163<br />

5. Wyondidis eparqia<br />

Wyondidis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi, samegrelos centralur<br />

nawilSi mdebareobs. igi moicavs qalaqebs<br />

_ abaSas, martvils da maT mimdebare<br />

teritorias. Wyondidis eparqias<br />

aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba xonis,<br />

dasavleTidan _ senakisa da Cxorowyus,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ cagerisa da lentexis,<br />

samxreTidan _ foTisa da xobis da<br />

Semoqmedis eparqiebi.<br />

saeklesio tradicia qristianobis<br />

qadagebas am mxareSi wmida mociqul<br />

andria pirvelwodebuls miawers. imJamad<br />

am adgilze saxelganTqmuli kerpi<br />

_ muxis didi xe, megrulad „Wyoni<br />

didi“ mdgara da mis saTayvaneblad<br />

da msxverplSesawirad mTeli egrisis

mosaxleoba dadioda. magiuri ZaliT<br />

Semosil bomons saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi<br />

Cvil pirmSoebs swiravdnen msxverplad.<br />

wmida mociqulma upirveles<br />

kerpad miCneul muxas qristes saxeliT,<br />

xalxis Tvalwin, moWra dauwyo. uvneblad<br />

gadarCenili andrias xilvisas<br />

xis uZlurebiT gulmocemulma warmar-<br />

Tebma irwmunes WeSmariti RmerTi da<br />

muxa TviTonve moWres. andrias mier<br />

moqceulma megrelebma pirveli eklesiac<br />

bomonis adgilze aages. Wyondideli<br />

mRvdelmTavari X s-dan mTavarepiskoposis<br />

maRali samRvdelmTavro wodebiT<br />

moixsenieba.<br />

matianis Tanaxmad, Wyondidis uZveles<br />

sakaTedro taZarSi dasaflavebulia<br />

erTiani saqarTvelos didi mefe<br />

bagrat IV (1027_1072 ww.).<br />

Wyondideli mRvdelmTavris didi<br />

gavlenisa da avtoritetis gamo wmida<br />

mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma saeklesio<br />

saqmeTa mowesrigebisas swored masze<br />

SeaCera arCevani. Wyondidels umaRlesi<br />

saero Tanamdeboba _ mwignobarTuxucesoba<br />

miando da mefis Semdeg samefos<br />

pirvel pirad aqcia. SemdegSi<br />

mefe daviTma Wyondidels kidev ori<br />

eparqia _ bedia da alaverdi dauqvemdebara,<br />

rac misi mzardi gavlenis mimaniSnebelia.<br />

Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi<br />

zogjer qarTlis upirvelesi<br />

saeklesio ierarqi _ kaTolikosic<br />

xdeboda da sxva eparqiis mRvdelmTavrobasac<br />

iTavsebda.<br />

saqarTvelos politikuri daSlilobis<br />

xanaSi, XV_XVIII ss-Si Wyondideli<br />

episkoposi afxazeTis kaTolikoss<br />

eqvemdebareboda da samegrelos<br />

samTavrosa da mTlianad dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi<br />

mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebda. igi<br />

samegrelo-odiSis samTavros eklesiis<br />

meTaurad iTvleboda.<br />

1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg ganaxlebul<br />

13 eparqias Soris Wyondidis<br />

uZvelesi eparqiac iyo. sabWouri<br />

164<br />

represiebis gamo Wyondidis eparqiaSi<br />

eklesiuri cxovrebis etapobrivi aRdgena<br />

mxolod me-20 saukunis 80-iani<br />

wlebidan, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II ZalisxmeviT iwyeba.<br />

amJamad eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria ma-<br />

RalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />

petre (caava).<br />

6. urbnisisa da ruisis eparqia<br />

urbnisisa da ruisis eparqia qveynis<br />

SuagulSi, amier da imier saqarTvelos<br />

sazRvarze mdebareobs. igi ori uZvelesi<br />

samRvdelmTavro kaTedris _ ruisisa<br />

da urbnisis samwyso teritorias<br />

aerTianebs, romelTa cal-calke moxsenieba<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis Semdegdroindeli<br />

periodidan iwyeba. mas aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba samTavisisa<br />

da goris eparqia, dasavleTidan _ margveTis<br />

da WiaTura-saCxeris, Crdiloe-<br />

Tidan _ niqozisa da cxinvalis, samxreTidan<br />

_ borjomisa da bakurianis<br />

eparqiebi. qveynisaTvis istoriulad<br />

yvela mniSvnelovani movlena centraluri<br />

qarTlis samRvdelmTavroebs<br />

_ ruissa da urbniss garkveulwilad<br />

ukavSirdeboda: saqarTvelos mosaqcevad<br />

mcxeTisaken gzad mimavalma wmida<br />

ninom am mxareSi gaiara da erTi Tvis<br />

ganmavlobaSi RvTaebrivi moZRvrebis<br />

naTliT gananaTlebda aqaur mkvidrT;<br />

asurel wmida mamaTagan sami _ miqael<br />

ulumboeli, piros breTeli da Tadeoz<br />

stefanwmideli _ am kuTxeSi moRvaweobda;<br />

eparqiis sakaTedro taZarSi<br />

saqarTvelos mefis kurTxevac (giorgi<br />

II 1072_1089ww.) aRsrulebula da aqve<br />

ukanaskneli gansasvenebelic upovia<br />

qveynis winamZRols (aleqsandre IV<br />

imerTa mefe, 1683_90, 1691_95 ww.); yvelaze<br />

mniSvnelovan movlenad ki wmida mefe<br />

daviT aRmaSenebelis dros, 1104 wels,<br />

„sanaxebTa qarTlisaTa maxloblad<br />

orTa saepiskoposoTa ruisisa da urbnisisaTa“<br />

saeklesio krebis Catareba

iTvleba, romelic „didTa wylulebaTa<br />

kurnebad Semokrba da gamowulilvi-<br />

Ta friadiTa... keTilwesierebaÁ saTnoÁ<br />

RmrTisaÁ daamtkices“.<br />

eparqiis teritoriaze qristianuli<br />

cxovrebis dasawyisi qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebels<br />

_ wmida ninos ukavSirdeba.<br />

aq arsebuli uZvelesi eparqiebi<br />

V saukunis bolos dafuZnda. ruisis<br />

sakaTedro taZris aSeneba wmida mefe<br />

vaxtang gorgasals miewereba. urbnisis<br />

sakaTedro taZaric V_VI saukuneTa<br />

mijnaze augiaT da misi ganaxleba camet<br />

asurel mamaTagans, TaTe stefanwmindels<br />

ukavSirdeba.<br />

eparqiaTa teritoriaze odiTganve<br />

mravali kulturul-saganmanaTleblo<br />

kera arsebobda. orive sakaTedro ta-<br />

ZarSi da eparqiis teritoriaze arsebul<br />

eklesia-monastrebSi umdidresi<br />

biblioTekebi arsebobda,romelTa mogroveba<br />

uZvelesi droidan daiwyo.<br />

didi istoriis mqone eparqiebi,<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg, mcxeTa-qarTlis<br />

eparqias miuerTes. ruis-urbnisis<br />

eparqiis ganaxleba saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenas ukav-<br />

Sirdeba. 1917 wels, ganaxlebul camet<br />

eparqias Soris erT-erTi urbnisis<br />

eparqiac iyo, garkveul dros ki uSualod<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqs an mezobel<br />

samwysos mRvdelmTavars hqonda<br />

samarTavad SeTavsebuli.<br />

eparqiis TandaTanobiTi aRorZineba<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II mwyemsmTavrobisas gaxda SesaZlebeli.<br />

daiwyo RvTismsaxurTa dadgineba,<br />

eklesia-monastrebis ganaxleba.<br />

1996 wlis 21 oqtombridan eparqiaSi<br />

saeklesio cxovrebis gansakuTrebuli<br />

gamococxleba maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropolitis iobis (aqiaSvilis)<br />

mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad dadgenas<br />

ukavSirdeba.<br />

7. cxum-afxazeTis eparqia<br />

cxum-afxazeTis eparqia saqarTvelos<br />

ukidures Crdilo-dasavleTSi<br />

mdebareobs da istoriuli afxazeTis<br />

samTavros teritorias moicavs. mis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

Sedis qalaqebi _ soxumi,<br />

oCamCire, gali, gudauTa, gagra, gulrifSi<br />

da maTi mimdebare teritoriebi.<br />

cxum-afxazeTis samRvdelmTavro<br />

samwysos aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

mestiisa da zemo svaneTis, samxreT-aRmosavleTidan<br />

_ zugdidisa da caiSis<br />

eparqiebi, CrdiloeTis sazRvari kavkasionis<br />

centralur qeds emTxveva, dasavleTis<br />

da samxreT-dasavleTisa ki<br />

_ Savi zRvispira zolze mdebareobs.<br />

afxazeTi, saqarTvelos sxva ku-<br />

Txeebis msgavsad, I s-Si mociqulebma<br />

moiares da qristianoba iqadages.<br />

tradiciis Tanaxmad, wmida mociqulis<br />

svimon kananelis saflavi afxazeT-<br />

Sia. qristianobis devnisas, I_III saukuneebSi<br />

romis imperiidan afxazeTSi,<br />

rogorc masze daqvemdabarebul mxare-<br />

Si, mravali qristiani gaasaxles. 325<br />

wels nikeis pirvel ms<strong>of</strong>lio saeklesio<br />

krebaze miwveuli iyo biWvinTeli<br />

episkoposi strat<strong>of</strong>ile. es faqti<br />

saqarTvelos zRvispireTSi adridanve<br />

mtkice qristianuli Temebis arsebobis<br />

mimaniSnebelia. IV s-Si, qristianobis<br />

saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis<br />

Semdeg, es mxare gaqristianda da aqtiuri<br />

qristianuli cxovreba daiwyo.<br />

afxazeTSi sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebas<br />

xels uwyobda am mxareSi did qristian<br />

warmomadegenlTa: _ wmida ioane<br />

oqropiris, wmida mowame vasiliskos,<br />

wmida mowame longinoz biWvinTelis,<br />

wmida mowame erna komanelis da sxvaTa<br />

cxovreba-moRvaweoba.<br />

egris-afxazeTis samefos Camoyalibebis<br />

Semdeg iq arsebul berZnulenovan<br />

samRvdelmTavroTa TandaTanobiTi gadmoqarTulebis<br />

procesi daiwyo. `afxaz-<br />

Ta samefos~ Seqmnis Semdeg aRniSnuli<br />

kaTedrebis gaerTianebiT `afxazeTis<br />

165

sakaTolikoso~ Camoyalibda. afxazeTis<br />

sakaTolikoso saqarTvelos erTiani eklesiis<br />

organul nawils warmoadgenda.<br />

mas adridanve ucxoeli avtorebi `qvemo<br />

iveriis~ anu dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTolikosos<br />

saxeliT ixseniebdnen. X<br />

s-idan berZnuli saepiskoposoebis sanacvlod<br />

qarTuli samRvdelmTavro ka-<br />

Tedrebis dafuZneba daiwyo.<br />

XVI_XVII ss-Si Crdilo kavkasiidan<br />

Camosaxlebuli mTielTa tomebi<br />

saqarTvelos istoriul kuTxeSi _ afxazeTSi<br />

damkvidrebis gamo afxazebad<br />

iwodebian. Tumca ki Tavidanve cnobili<br />

iyo maTi eTnikuri gansxvaveba Zveli<br />

afxazebisagan. dasavleT saqarTveloSi,<br />

afxazeTis sakaTolikosoSi garkveul<br />

dros eparqiaTa ricxvi 25-mde aRwevda.<br />

dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTolikosos<br />

gauqmebis dros imereTis samefos<br />

samRvdelmTavroebi 4-mde Semcirda,<br />

xolo mogvianebiT afxazeTis sakaTolikoso<br />

quTais-imereTis erT eparqiad<br />

Camoyalibda. XIX s-is 50-ian wlebSi<br />

aRdga afxazeTis saepiskoposo, romelsac<br />

1885 wlamde ganagebdnen qarTveli<br />

mRvdelmTavrebi. 1885 wlidan soxumis<br />

eparqiis saxeliT aRmdgar afxazeTis<br />

eparqias antiqarTuli orientaciis<br />

rusi episkoposebi marTavdnen. ruse-<br />

Tis xelisuflebis reaqciuli gegma afxazeTSi<br />

erovnuli dapirispirebisa da<br />

mtrobis gaRrmavebas iTvaliswinebda.<br />

1917 wlis seqtemberSi, avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg mowveul saqarTvelos<br />

pirvel saeklesio krebaze aRadgines<br />

afxazeTis eparqia, romlis mwyemsmTavars<br />

cxumel-bedieli ewoda.<br />

1992 wlidan cxum-afxazeTis<br />

eparqias mwyemsmTavrad dadgenilia<br />

maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />

danieli (daTuaSvili).<br />

8. WiaTurisa da saCxeris eparqia<br />

WiaTuris da saCxeris eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos aRmosavleTiT<br />

_ zemo imereTSi, istoriuli argveTis,<br />

166<br />

imave margveTis, saerisTavoSi mdebareobs.<br />

igi WiaTura-saCxeris raionebsa<br />

da maT mimdebare teritorias moicavs.<br />

es regioni WiaTurisa da saCxeris<br />

eparqiis Seqmnamde margveTis eparqias<br />

miekuTvneboda. WiaTuris eparqia<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wmida sinodis 1995 wlis 5 aprilis<br />

ganCinebiT Seiqmna. 2002 wlis 17<br />

oqtombris gadawyvetilebiT eparqias<br />

saxeli Seecvala da amieridan WiaTurisa<br />

da saCxeris eparqia ewodeba. axlad<br />

Seqmnili eparqia day<strong>of</strong>ilia or<br />

_ WiaTurisa da saCxeris olqebad. Wia-<br />

Turisa da saCxeris samRvdelmTavro<br />

teritorias aRmosavleTis mxridan<br />

niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqia esazRvreba,<br />

dasavleTidan _ quTais-gaenaTis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ nikorwmindis, samxre-<br />

Tidan _ margveTisa da ubisis, samxreTaRmosavleTidan<br />

_ urbnisisa da ruisis<br />

eparqiebi.<br />

V_VI saukuneebis qristianul nagebobaTa<br />

kvali am mxareSi adreqristianuli<br />

periodidanve sarwmunoebis<br />

mtkiced gavrcelebis mimaniSnebelia.<br />

argveTis teritoriaze qristianuli<br />

sarwmunoeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />

uSualo mezoblobiT da misi gavleniT<br />

gavrcelda.<br />

1917 w. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgena gauqmebul eparqiaTa<br />

amoqmedebiTac aRiniSna. Tanamedrove<br />

WiaTura-saCxeris eparqia margveTis<br />

eparqiaSi Sedioda.<br />

1995 wlis 5 aprilis saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />

margveTis eparqiis ganvrcobili<br />

teritoriis safuZvelze Camoyalibda:<br />

a) sakuTriv margveTisa da b) WiaTuris<br />

eparqia. 2002 wlis oqtombridan Wia-<br />

Turis eparqias WiaTurisa da saCxeris<br />

eparqia ewoda.<br />

2002 wlis 17 oqtombridan WiaTurisa<br />

da saCxeris eparqiis mmarTvel<br />

mRvdelmTavrad dadgenilia maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

cxum-afxazeTis<br />

mitropoliti danieli (daTuaSvili).

9. alaverdis eparqia<br />

alaverdis eparqia odiTganve kaxeTis<br />

umTavres qristianul samwysod<br />

iTvleba. igi or qalaqs _ Telavsa da<br />

axmetas da maT mimdebare teritorias<br />

moicavs. alaverdis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

nekresisa da hereTis eparqia<br />

esazRvreba, dasavleTidan _ TianeTisa<br />

da fSav-xevsureTis, samxreTidan _<br />

sagarejo-ninowmindisa da gurjaan-veliscixis,<br />

xolo CrdiloeTidan _ kavkasionis<br />

mTebis centraluri qedi.<br />

istoriuli tradicia alaverdis<br />

eparqiis Camoyalibebas XI saukunis<br />

pirvel meoTxedSi kaxeT-hereTis mmarTvel<br />

kvirike III (1010_1037 ww.) moRvaweobas<br />

ukavSirebs.<br />

eparqiis daarsebisTanave aqauri<br />

mwyemsmTavari amba alaverdelis wodebiT<br />

ixsenieba. termini „amba“ siriulia<br />

da monastris winamZRvris qarTuli saxelwodebis<br />

_ „mamis“ Sesatyviss warmoadgens.<br />

am zedwodebas alaverdeli<br />

episkoposebi atareben imis gamo, rom<br />

isini monastris winamZRvrebic iyvnen.<br />

tradiciis damkvidreba alaverdis pirveli<br />

winamZRvris, camet asurel mama-<br />

Tagan erT-erTis, iosebis saxels ukav-<br />

Sirdeba, romelic amba alaverdelad<br />

iwodeboda. ioseb alaverdelis saflavi<br />

Tavissave daarsebuli monastris _<br />

wmida giorgis eklesiaSia.<br />

adridanve alaverdis eparqiis dawinaurebuli<br />

mdgomareoba misma mdebareobam,<br />

istoriulma viTarebam da<br />

kaxeTis damoukidebel politikur<br />

erTeulad Camoyalibebam ganapiroba.<br />

misi samwyso teritoria vrceldeboda<br />

„... Turdos-xevs Stors zeiT kaxeTis<br />

mTad kavkasamde.“<br />

amba alaverdelis didi mniSvneloba<br />

erTiani saqarTvelos samefoebad<br />

daSlis Semdegac gamokveTili iyo.<br />

alaverdis mterTagan mravalgzis<br />

aoxrebis miuxedavad, monasteri bolo<br />

dromde saqarTvelos erT-erT mZlavr<br />

kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kerad<br />

167<br />

iTvleba. 1917 wels, saukunovani brZolis<br />

Semdeg, avtokefaliaaRdgenilma<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiam pirvel etapze<br />

13 eparqia aRadgina. 17 seqtembers saeklesio<br />

krebam axlad aRdgenil alaverdis<br />

saepiskoposo kaTedraze mRvdelmTavrad<br />

daadgina episkoposi piros<br />

oqropiriZe.<br />

1993 wlis 1 seqtembridan maRalyov-<br />

ladusamRvdeloesi amba<br />

alaverdeli<br />

mitropoliti gaxlavT daviTi (maxaraZe).<br />

10. dasavleT evropis eparqia<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos dasavleT<br />

evropis eparqia moicavs dasavleT<br />

evropis saxelmwifoebs _ avstrias,<br />

belgias, germanias, danias, did britaneTs,<br />

espaneTs, italias, luqsemburgs,<br />

portugalias, safrangeTs, Sveicarias,<br />

Svecias, holandias da droebiT amerikis<br />

SeerTebul Statebs. eparqia Tavis<br />

iurisdiqciaSi aerTianebs aRniSnul saxelmwifoebSi<br />

droebiT an mudmiv sacxovreblad<br />

emigrirebul saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mrevls da<br />

am qveynebSi mcxovreb im ucxoelebs,<br />

vinc Tavs miiCnevs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis wevrad.<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos dasavleT<br />

evropis eparqia Seiqmna saqarTvelos<br />

samociqulo avtokefaliuri<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

2002 wlis 17 oqtombris ganCinebis<br />

safuZvelze. axalSeqmnili eparqiis<br />

mRvdelmTavris titulia saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqos dasavleT evropis episkoposi.<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos dasavleT<br />

evropis eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad<br />

dadgenilia maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti abraami<br />

(garmelia).<br />

11. nekresisa da hereTis eparqia<br />

nekresisa da hereTis eparqia<br />

saqarTvelos ukidures aRmosavleT-<br />

Si mdebareobs. igi qalaqebs _ yvar-

els, lagodexs da saingilos mxares<br />

moicavs. eparqias dasavleTis mxridan<br />

alaverdis, samxreTidan _ gurjaan-veliscixis<br />

da bodbis eparqiebi esazRvreba,<br />

aRmosavleTis sazRvari ki azerbaijanTan<br />

da daRestanTan gadis.<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebisTanave es<br />

mxarec gaqristianda da ukve IV s-is II<br />

naxevarSi Trdat mefem „nekress kaxe-<br />

Tisasa eklesiaÁ aRaSena gansrulebiT“,<br />

romelic saqarTveloSi dRemde moRweul<br />

eklesiaTagan erT-erT uZveles taZrad<br />

iTvleba. mefe vaxtang gorgaslis<br />

dros Camoyalibda nekresis eparqia,<br />

romlis samwyso teritoria Tavidanve<br />

sakmaod ganvrcobili, xolo misi mRvdelmTavari<br />

iyo „episkopoz gaRma-mxrisa<br />

didoTurT“. VI s-is II naxevarSi<br />

camet asurel mamaTagan erT-erTi, abibosi<br />

ganagebda nekresis samRvdelmTavros.<br />

XVII s-is dasawyisidan Sahma abas I<br />

kaxeTs nekresis samRvdelmTavro teritoriis<br />

nawili – kak-eniseli CamoaSora<br />

da iq muslimuri sasulTno Seqmna.<br />

am kuTxidan qristiani mosaxleobis<br />

masobrivi ayrisa da ganadgurebis Semdeg<br />

eparqia sakmaod Sesustda.<br />

1811 wels,saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg, nekresis<br />

uZvelesi eparqia kaxeTSi Seqmnil erT<br />

_ kaxeT-alaverdis eparqiaSi gaerTianda<br />

da misi aRdgena mxolod 1995 wels<br />

gaxda SesaZlebeli.<br />

2002 wlis 17 oqtombers, saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis ganCinebiT nekresis eparqias<br />

nominalurad dauqvemdebares saqarTvelos<br />

saxelmwifo sazRvrebs miRma arsebuli<br />

istoriuli qarTuli provincia<br />

hereTi. eparqiasac Seecvala saxelwodeba<br />

da amis Semdeg mas nekresisa da<br />

hereTis samRvdelmTavro ewodeba.<br />

1997 wlidan eparqiis mmarTveli<br />

mRvdelmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti sergi (CekuriSvili).<br />

168<br />

12. TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis<br />

eparqia<br />

TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis<br />

eparqia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiuleTSi<br />

mdebareobs. igi moicavs aragvisa<br />

da ivris xeobebis istoriul<br />

kuTxeebs _ erwo-TianeTsa da Zveli<br />

fxovis teritorias. eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba alvan-TuSeTi,<br />

romelic alaverdis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSia,<br />

dasavleTidan _ xevisa da<br />

stefanwmindis eparqia, samxreTidan da<br />

samxreT-dasavleTidan _ gudamayarmTiuleTi,<br />

romelic wilknis eparqias<br />

miekuTvneba, samxreT-aRmosavleTidan _<br />

mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia; CrdiloeTi<br />

sazRvari saqarTvelo-ruseTis saxelmwifo<br />

sazRvars emTxveva Zveli qiste-<br />

Tis, imave CaCneT-inguSeTis avtonomiur<br />

respublikasTan.<br />

Zvel qarTul saistorio mwerloba-<br />

Si aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiel mosaxleobas<br />

saerTo saxeli _ `mTeulni~<br />

ewodebodaT. `mTeulni~ kaxeTis CrdiloeTiT,<br />

aragvisa da Tergis xeobebSi<br />

saxlobdnen, sadac TiToeul kuTxes<br />

Tavisi sakuTari istoriul-eTnografiuli<br />

da y<strong>of</strong>a-cxovrebis Sesaferisi<br />

tradiciuli saxelwodeba hqonda. am<br />

mxaris ukiduresi samxreTiT, mdinare<br />

ivris dasavleT mxares mdebareobda<br />

`erwu~, anu `erwo~, erwos zemoT, iorze<br />

iyo `TianeTi~, romelic adridanve<br />

ara marto qalaqur dasaxlebas, aramed<br />

mTel kuTxes erqva. gudamayris xeobis<br />

aRmosavleTiT fxovelTa mTebze Sefenili<br />

iyo `fxoeTi~. fxoeTi, igive fxovi,<br />

XV saukunemde fSavisa da xevsure-<br />

Tis zogadi saxeli iyo. amdenad, samRvdelmTavros<br />

geografiuli sazRvrebi<br />

vrceldeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />

mTis istoriul kuTxeebze _ fSavsa<br />

da xevsureTze (adreuli werilobi-<br />

Ti Zeglebis mixedviT `fxovi~), aseve _<br />

erwosa da TianeTze (garkveul periodSi<br />

`JaleTis qveynis~ saxeliT iyo<br />

cnobili).

Tanamedrove TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis<br />

kuTxeTa mosaxleoba IV s-Si<br />

wmida mefe mirianis religiur reformas<br />

erTnairi ganwyobiT ar Sexvedria.<br />

mematianis uwyebiT: wmida ninom da episkoposma<br />

ioanem `mouwodes mTiulTa,<br />

WarTalelTa, fxoelTa, gudamayrelTa<br />

da uqadages maT sjuli qristianeTa<br />

WeSmariti, mimyuanebeli cxovrebad saukunod;<br />

xolo maT ara inebes naTlisReba;<br />

fxovelTa dauteves queyana maTi da<br />

gardavides TuSeTs~, xolo erwo-Tiane-<br />

Telebma `Seiwynares da naTel iRes~-o.<br />

fSav-xevsurTa gaqristianeba miewereba<br />

mirianis Zes, mefe baqars da cota mogvianebiT<br />

_ wmida mRvdelmTavar abibos<br />

nekresels. aqauri mosaxleobis saboloo<br />

gaqristianeba da saqarTvelos sapatriarqosadmi<br />

maTi sruli saeparqioorganizaciuli<br />

daqvemdebareba wmida<br />

daviT aRmaSeneblis da Tamaris epoqebs<br />

ukavSirdeba. Tumca Tanamedrove eparqiis<br />

teritoriaze gacilebiT adre wmida<br />

mefe vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio<br />

mmarTvelobiTi reformis dros dafuZnda<br />

eparqia, romelic vaxuSti batoniSvilis<br />

mixedviT `JaleTi~,igive `ber~<br />

anu CeleTiao. JaleTs `gorgasal aRa-<br />

Sena eklesia keTil-Suenieri, gunbaTiani<br />

da dasva episkopozi, mwyemsi erwo-<br />

TianeTisa, fSav-Ãevsurisa da Ãerkisa~.<br />

mogvianebiT, JaleTis damcrobis Semdeg,<br />

rodesac igi mxolod `JaleTis qveynis~<br />

politikur centrs warmoadgenda, aRniSnuli<br />

samRvdelmTavros teritoriebi<br />

xarWaSnis sakaTedro taZars daqvemdebarebia.<br />

dRemde moRweuli xarWaSnis,<br />

imave xarWiSos samonastro kompleqsis<br />

wmida giorgis eklesia, sacxovrebeli,<br />

sabrZolo da sameurneo daniSnulebis<br />

SenobaTa naSTebi aRniSnul periods<br />

miekuTvneba. am droidanve iwyeba xar-<br />

WaSneli mRvdelmTavris xSiri moxsenieba.<br />

qveynis politikuri mdgomareobis<br />

miuxedavad, Tanamedrove TianeTisa da<br />

fSav-xevsureTis eparqiis iurisdiqcia-<br />

Si arsebuli teritoriebi mudam mcxe-<br />

Tis sakaTolikosos gamgeblobaSi iTvleboda.<br />

qveynis saerTo Znelbedobis<br />

gamo xalxmravlobiT gamorCeuli mTis<br />

kuTxeebi mosaxleobisgan icleboda.<br />

mTis ZirZveli kuTxeebis masobrivi dacarieleba<br />

mosaxleobisagan ruseTis<br />

mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da saukuneTa<br />

nacadi y<strong>of</strong>a-cxovrebis tradiciuli<br />

wesis moSlis Semdeg daiwyo.<br />

XIX s-is 80-ian wlebSi aqaur mkvidrTa<br />

sxva regionebSi gasaxleba gegmazomierad<br />

mimdinareobda. XX s-is 50-iani<br />

wlebidan am procesma iseTi masStaburi<br />

xasiaTi miiRo, rom mTlianad dacarielda<br />

kavkasions Sefenili fSavisa<br />

da xevsureTis mravali s<strong>of</strong>eli da<br />

Temi. isini nas<strong>of</strong>larebad gadaiqcnen.<br />

1811 w. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis<br />

Semdeg kaxeTisa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />

mTiuleTis saeklesio cxovreba<br />

erT, kaxeT-alaverdis eparqias daeqvemdebara,<br />

mTlianad moiSala saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis eparqiaTa mmarTvelobiTadministraciuli<br />

formebi, rac qveynis<br />

TiToeuli kuTxis specifikas harmoniulad<br />

eTanadeboda. 1917 wlis seqtemberSi<br />

avtokefaliaaRdgenil saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis pirvel krebaze ganaxlda<br />

wilknis eparqiac, romelic<br />

aerTianebda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />

`mTeulT~ _ mTianeTs, gudamayars, xevs,<br />

fSavs, xevsureTs, erwo-TianeTs da sxv.<br />

2003 wlis 18 agvistos urbnisis saka-<br />

Tedro taZarSi Catarebul saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis krebaze, wilknisa da alaverdis<br />

eparqiaTa teritoriebis xelaxali<br />

gadanawilebis safuZvelze, daarsda<br />

TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis eparqia.<br />

eparqiis amgvari saxelwodeba _ `TianeTisa<br />

da fSav-xevsureTisa~ _ ar gvxvdeba<br />

saqarTvelos saeklesio warsulidan,<br />

Tumca igi arsiT saukuneTa winaT<br />

gauqmebuli `JaleTis~, Semdeg ki<br />

TiTqmis orsaukunenaxevris win gauqmebuli<br />

Zveli `xarWaSnis~, imave `xarWa-<br />

Sos~ eparqiis ganaxlebas niSnavs.<br />

169

2005 wlidan eparqiis mRvdelmTavaria<br />

maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />

Tadeozi (ioramaSvili).<br />

13. margveTis da ubisis eparqia<br />

margveTisa da ubisis eparqia zemo<br />

imereTSi istoriuli argveTis saerisTavos<br />

did nawils moicavs. misi<br />

iurisdiqcia vrceldeba zestafonis<br />

da xaragaulis raionebze. margveTis<br />

eparqias aRmosavleTidan urbnis-ruisis,<br />

dasavleTidan _ vanisa da baRdaTis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ WiaTura-saCxerisa<br />

da Terjola-tyibulis, samxreTidan _<br />

borjom-bakurianis da axalcixis, taoklarjeTisa<br />

da lazeTis eparqiebi<br />

esazRvreba.<br />

am mxareSi qristianuli cxovrebis<br />

dawyeba mociqulTa moRvaweobas ukav-<br />

Sirdeba da adridanve qristianobis<br />

mtkiced gavrcelebis mimaniSnebelia<br />

dRemde moRweuli uZvelesi qristianuli<br />

taZrebi: V_VI saukuneebis „kacxis<br />

svetis“ eklesia, uderZis wmida giorgis<br />

eklesia, VI_VII saukuneebis tabakinis<br />

wmida giorgis monasteri da sxv.<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis droidan<br />

es mxare mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi my<strong>of</strong><br />

mZlavr qarTul saeklesio kerad iTvleboda.<br />

afxazeTis (dasavleTi saqarTvelo)<br />

sakaTolikosos Camoyalibebis<br />

Semdeg geografiuli mdebareobis gamo<br />

es kuTxec dasavleT saqarTvelos msxvili<br />

saeklesio centris _ afxazeTis sakaTolikosos<br />

iurisdiqciaSi aRmoCnda.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos<br />

Tormeti eparqiidan Seiqmna mxolod<br />

erTi _ imereTis eparqia.<br />

uZvelesi droidan qristianuli<br />

saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanes keraze<br />

_ zemo imereTis cnobil argveTis saerisTavoSi<br />

argveTis samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedris mRvdelmTavari _ margveli<br />

ar ixsenieboda. margveli mRvdelmTavris<br />

saeklesio wodeba 1917 wels<br />

170<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg damkvidrda.<br />

2002 wlis 17 oqtombers saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis ganCinebiT margveTis eparqias<br />

saxelwodeba Seecvala da mas margve-<br />

Tisa da ubisis eparqia ewoda.<br />

margveTisa da ubisis eparqiis mmarTveli<br />

mRvdelmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mTavarepiskoposi vaxtangi<br />

(axvlediani).<br />

14. wilknisa da duSeTis eparqia<br />

wilknisa da duSeTis eparqia mcxeTis<br />

sakaTolikoso taZris Crdiloe-<br />

TiT mdebareobs da moicavs mdinareebis<br />

_ aragvisa da qsnis auzebs da kavkasiis<br />

mTianeTs. mas aRmosavleTidan da<br />

Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis eparqia,<br />

Crdilo-dasavleTidan _ stefanwmindisa<br />

da xevis, dasavleTidan _ niqozisa<br />

da cxinvalis da samTavisisa da<br />

goris, samxreTidan _ mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />

eparqiebi; samRvdelmTavro moicavs<br />

mdinareebis _ aragvis da qsnis auzebs<br />

da kavkasiis mTianeTs.<br />

eparqiis teritoriaze, qsnis xeoba-<br />

Si, ZalisSi, s<strong>of</strong>el wilkanTan axlos,<br />

nastakisis naqalaqarze aRmoaCines adreuli<br />

qristianuli xanis (II_III ss.)<br />

samlocvelo. es aRmoCena am kuTxeSi<br />

pirvelqristianuli Temis arsebobas<br />

mianiSnebs.<br />

wilknis eparqias odiTganve mniSvnelovani<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi misia hqonda<br />

dakisrebuli. misi meSveobiT xdeboda<br />

mTielTa gaqristianeba. VI s-is dasawyisSi,<br />

506 wels q. dvinSi Catarebuli<br />

saeklesio krebis damswre qarTvel<br />

mRvdelmTavarTagan wilkneli episkoposi<br />

enoqic ixsenieba. wilknis didi<br />

mniSvneloba kidev ufro metad gacxadda<br />

mas Semdeg, rodesac 13 asureli<br />

mamaTagan _ ise _ „episkoposad wilknisa“<br />

akurTxa kaTolikosma evlalos.<br />

wmida ise wilknelma madliani sityviT

„friadi urwmunoni moaqcivna“.<br />

VIII_IX ss-Si qarTlSi mefis xelisuflebis<br />

Sesustebis dros, wilknis<br />

eparqiis teritoriebs muxranis sanaxebTan<br />

erTad, qveynis gaerTianebis Semdeg<br />

kaxeTis mmarTvelni, kerZod, zedaznis<br />

cixis mepatrone Zaganis Zeni isakuTreben.<br />

wmida mefis _ daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />

dros mTeli es mxare qveynis saimedo<br />

dasayrdeni iyo. XII_XIII ss-Si, wmida<br />

mefe Tamaris dros wilknis saepiskoposos<br />

sazRvrebi kidev ufro gaizarda<br />

mTis xeobebSi qristianobis gavrcelebiTa<br />

da eklesiebis mSeneblobiT. XV<br />

s-is II naxevarSi, saqarTvelos samefoebad<br />

daSlis Semdeg, eparqiis teritoriam<br />

garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicada.<br />

wilknis samwysos didi nawili kaxeTis<br />

samRvdelmTavroebs, gansakuTrebiT<br />

alaverdis eparqias daeqvemdebara.<br />

saqarTveloSi ruseTis Semosvlis<br />

Semdeg tradiciuli qarTuli saeklesio<br />

struqturebi Zalze Seicvala<br />

da gamartivda. es, pirvel rigSi, saepiskoposoebis<br />

gauqmebiT gamoixata. 1803<br />

wels, wilknis mTavarepiskopos ioane<br />

qarumiZis gardacvalebis Semdeg samRvdelmTavro<br />

teritoria jer samTavisis,<br />

Semdeg niqozis eparqias miuerTes.<br />

wilknel-samTavnel-niqozeli qorepiskoposi<br />

gervasi maWavariani bolo mRvdelmTavari<br />

iyo, romelmac kavkasiis<br />

mosaxleobaSi didi religiur-misioneruli<br />

moRvaweobiT gaiTqva saxeli. igi<br />

1817 wels gardaicvala.<br />

1917 wels,saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg, ganaxlda<br />

wilknis eparqiac,magram misi kuTvnili<br />

teritoria droebiT SeierTa mcxeTis<br />

eparqiam da wilkneli episkoposebi<br />

mcxeTis sveticxovelSi asrulebdnen<br />

wirva-locvas. 1917 wels wilknel mRvdelmTavrad<br />

dadgenil iqna episkoposi<br />

giorgi aladaSvili (1917_20 ww.).<br />

1984 wlidan wilknis eparqias ganagebs<br />

maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />

zosime (SioSvili).<br />

171<br />

15. Semoqmedis eparqia<br />

Semoqmedis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi,zRvispira provincia guriaSi<br />

mdebareobs. eparqia ozurgeTis,<br />

lanCxuTisa da Coxatauris raionebs<br />

moicavs. mas aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />

lazeTis, vanisa da baRdaTis eparqiebi,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ foTisa da xobis,<br />

senakisa da Cxorowyus,Wyondidis,xonisa<br />

da samtrediis, samxreTidan _ baTumisa<br />

da sxalTis eparqiebi, dasavleTis<br />

sazRvari Savi zRvis sanapiro zols<br />

mihyveba.<br />

qristianobis gavrceleba saqarTvelos<br />

zRvispira mxareSi da `fazisis<br />

iberebSi~ mociqulebis _ andria<br />

pirvelwodebulis, mataTasa da svimon<br />

kananelis moRvaweobas ukavSirdeba.<br />

IV s-Si, qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad<br />

gamocxadebis Semdeg, guriac<br />

gaqristianda.<br />

XV s-is SuaxanebisaTvis, qveynis<br />

politikuri mTlianobis daSlis paralelurad,<br />

imereTis samefos guriis<br />

samTavro gamoeyo,quTaisis ganvrcobil<br />

eparqias ki moerRva samxreTis mijnebi<br />

da erTimeoris miyolebiT warmoiSva<br />

guriis sami samRvdelmTavro kaTedra:<br />

Semoqmedis, jumaTisa da xinowmindis.<br />

Semoqmedeli mitropoliti (mTavarepiskoposi)<br />

guriis samTavroSi<br />

umaRlesi sasuliero xelisufali<br />

iyo. rigiTi episkoposisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />

mas SeeZlo moewvia saeklesio<br />

kreba, mis daqvemdebarebaSi my<strong>of</strong> episkoposTa<br />

TandaswrebiT ekurTxebina<br />

axali episkoposi. Semoqmedeli mTeli<br />

guriis saeklesio saqmeTa msajuladac<br />

iTvleboda. mitropolitis arCevaSi am<br />

mxaris yvela episkoposs unda mieRo<br />

monawileoba. misi kaTedra, „macxovris<br />

feriscvalebis eklesia didSeni... Semkuli<br />

yovelTa“, guriis samTavros<br />

„mTavari taxti da taZari“ iyo. saSemoqmedlo<br />

centraluri guriis did teritoriebs<br />

flobda _ mdinare sufsa-

sa da kintriSs Soris. zemo guriis<br />

saeklesio xelisufali _ jumaTeli,<br />

romlis sakaTedro eklesia iyo „mTis<br />

maRals Txemsa zeda jumaTs, didi, gunbaTiani,<br />

didSeni, mWvreti zRvisa da guria-odiSisa,“<br />

mwysida „sufsis mdinarisa<br />

da rions Soris adgilTa“. saxinowmindlod<br />

xinos xeoba iTvleboda. „ars<br />

eklesia gunbaTiani, keTil-didSeni,<br />

kargs adgils, zis episkopozi, mwyemsi<br />

xinos-wylis samxreTisa Woroxamde“.<br />

XIX saukunis dasawyisidan, saqarTveloSi<br />

ruseTis Semosvlisa, da 1814<br />

wels, imereTis sakaTolikosos gauqmebidan<br />

1827 wlamde guriis eklesiis<br />

saqmeebs damoukideblad ganagebda guriis<br />

erisTavTa saxlis wevri nikoloz<br />

jumaTeli.<br />

1844 wlis 1 aprils guriaSi dawesda<br />

samRvdelmTavro kaTedra, romelic<br />

1885 wels samegrelosTan gaerTianda<br />

da guria-samegrelos eparqia ewoda.<br />

1917 wels, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, pirvelive<br />

saeklesio krebaze aRdga eparqia,<br />

romlis mwyemsmTavars ewoda „baTomel-Semoqmedeli“,<br />

mogvianebiT _ „baTom-<br />

Semoqmedeli“,Semdeg ki _ „baTum-Semoqmedeli“.<br />

1995 wlis 5 aprils, saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

gadawyvetilebiT baTum-Semoqmedis<br />

eparqiis teritoriis safuZvelze<br />

Camoyalibda baTumi-sxalTisa da Semoqmedis<br />

eparqiebi.<br />

axaldafuZnebuli Semoqmedis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mTavarepiskoposi iosebi (kikvaZe).<br />

16. niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqia<br />

172<br />

niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqia Sida<br />

qarTlSi,mdinare liaxvis auzSi mdebareobs.<br />

igi moicavs qalaqebs cxinvals,<br />

axalgors,javas,znaurs da maT mimdebare<br />

teritorias. eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba wilknisa da duSeTis,<br />

stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiebi, dasavleTidan<br />

_ WiaTurisa da saCxeris,<br />

Crdilo-dasavleTidan _ nikorwmindis,<br />

samxreTidan _ urbnis-ruisisa da sam-<br />

Tavis-goris eparqiebi. CrdiloeT mxares<br />

igi kavkasionis centralur qeds<br />

ebjineba. Soreuli tradicia niqozis<br />

eparqiis daarsebas wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgasals ukavSirebs.<br />

niqozeli mRvdelmTavris samwyso<br />

Zalze vrceli iyo. igi ara marto<br />

qarTlis, istoriuli Sida s<strong>of</strong>lis,<br />

teritoriis nawils moicavda, aramed<br />

garkveul dros „kavkasianTa, dualTa<br />

da aw oseTad wodebulisa“ sakmaod<br />

mozrdili mTis regionsac flobda.<br />

niqozel mRvdelmTavars qveynis winaSe<br />

udidesi misia hqonda dakisrebuli. is<br />

iyo ara marto maRali ierarqiis Rv-<br />

Tismsaxuri, aramed qveynis erTianobis<br />

saimedo damcvelic. garkveul period-<br />

Si igi lixTimereTis mTian kuTxeebsac<br />

(argveTis, raWis da svaneTis nawili)<br />

marTavda.<br />

niqozelis Zvel samwysoSi _ Crdilo<br />

kavkasiis teritoriaze _ dRemde<br />

arsebobs Zveli qarTuli qristianuli<br />

kerebis naSTi. niqozeli mRvdelmTavarni<br />

tradiciulad osebis qristianuli<br />

saqmeebis meTvalyureobis garda,<br />

„gamgeni iyvnen ovseTis saeklesio da<br />

saero saqmeebisa.“<br />

dReisaTvis ki sul sxva suraTia.<br />

mamulidan ayrili qarTveloba jer<br />

kidev qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeSia gafantuli,<br />

uZveles qarTul salocavTa<br />

didi nawili dangreuli an mTlianad<br />

ganadgurebulia da Zvel saRvTismsaxuro<br />

kerebze wirva-locva aRar aResruleba.<br />

bolo dros, 1995 wlis 5 aprils,<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia<br />

II ZalisxmeviT da locva-kurTxeviT am<br />

mxareSi samRvdelmTavro kaTedris aRdgena<br />

umniSvnelovanesi movlena iyo<br />

am kuTxis mraval gansacdelgamovlili<br />

mosaxleobisaTvis, riTac Rrmadgaazrebul<br />

did erovnul saqmes Caeyara<br />

safuZveli.

ganaxlebuli eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />

maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti isaia (Wanturia).<br />

17. borjomisa da bakurianis eparqia<br />

borjomisa da bakurianis eparqia<br />

Sida qarTlis samxreTiT, istoriuli<br />

provinciis Toris teritoriaze mdebareobs.<br />

igi moicavs borjomis raions<br />

da mis mimdebare borjomis, imave Zv.<br />

sadgeris, xeobas. eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba manglisisa da walkis,<br />

Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _ gori-sam-<br />

Tavisisa da urbnis-ruisis, CrdilodasavleTidan<br />

_ margveTisa da ubisis,<br />

agreTve vanisa da baRdaTis, dasavleTidan<br />

da samxreT-dasavleTidan _ axalcixis,<br />

tao-klarjeTisa da lazeTis,<br />

samxreTidan _ axalqalaqisa da kumurdos<br />

eparqiebi.<br />

saqarTveloSi mociqulTagan dafuZnebuli<br />

pirveli samRvdelmTavro<br />

samwyso _ awyuris eparqia istoriuli<br />

Toris teritoriaze mdebareobda.<br />

IV s-Si, saqarTveloSi qristianobis<br />

saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis<br />

Semdeg, sadgeris xeobis mosaxleobac<br />

gaqristianebula da am kuTxeSi eklesia-monastrebis<br />

intensiuri aRmSeneblobac<br />

daiwyo. Tumca imdroindeli<br />

saRvTismsaxuro mravali Senoba-nageboba<br />

drois msvlelobisa da mterTa<br />

auracxeli Semosevebis gamo ganadgurebula.<br />

am mxaris uZveles taZarTagan<br />

aRsaniSnavia neZvis sameklesiiani bazilika,<br />

timoTesubnis samonastro kompleqsi,<br />

likanis, CiTaxevis, foToleTis,<br />

dabis eklesiebi da sxv.<br />

es kuTxe adridanve mawyvereli<br />

mRvdelmTavris samwysod iTvleboda.<br />

sparselebis, arabebis, Turq-selCukTa<br />

da TaTar-monRolTa Semdeg, XV s-idan<br />

es mxare gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT<br />

gaaCanages Turq-osmalebma.<br />

saukuneTa manZilze gaukacrielebuli<br />

uZvelesi kuTxis aRdgena XIX s-<br />

is pirveli naxevridan daiwyo.<br />

173<br />

1917 w. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

miuxedavad, 20-ian wlebSi eklesiis winaaRmdeg<br />

dawyebuli represiebis gamo,<br />

uZveles qristianul keraze _ TorSi<br />

tradiciuli eklesiuri cxovrebis ganaxleba<br />

TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo. mxolod<br />

1978 wels, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia II ZalisxmeviT gaxda<br />

SesaZlebeli am mxareSi eparqiis daarseba.<br />

1978 w. aRdgenili samcxe-javaxe-<br />

Tis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda<br />

borjomis xeobac. 1995 wlis 5 aprils,<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wmida sinodis krebis ganCinebiT,<br />

samcxe-javaxeTis teritoriulad metad<br />

ganvrcobili eparqiis safuZvelze Camoyalibda<br />

borjomisa da axalqalaqis<br />

eparqia. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers ki borjomisa<br />

da axalqalaqis eparqiis safuZvelze<br />

daarsda ori eparqia: a) axalqalaqisa<br />

da kumurdos da b) borjomisa<br />

da bakurianisa. borjomisa da bakurianis<br />

eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad<br />

wmida sinodma manamde borjomisa da<br />

axalaqalaqis eparqiis mwyemsmTavari,<br />

maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />

serafime (jojua) daadgina.<br />

18. nikorwmindis eparqia<br />

nikorwmindis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos mTianeTSi _ raWaSi mdebareobs.<br />

eparqiisa da istoriuli ku-<br />

Txis sazRvrebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.<br />

samRvdelmTavro teritoriaze ori qalaqia<br />

_ oni da ambrolauri. eparqias<br />

aRmosavleTidan _ niqozisa da cxinvalis,<br />

dasavleTidan _ cagerisa da lentexis,<br />

samxreTidan _ quTais-gaenaTis,<br />

tyibul-Terjolisa da saCxere-WiaTuris<br />

eparqiebi esazRvreba, CrdiloeTi<br />

sazRvari kavkasionis centralur qeds<br />

emTxveva.<br />

raWis saerisTavo tradiciulad<br />

saqarTvelos Crdilo karibWis saimedo<br />

damcvelad da mefis erTgul mxardam-

Werad miiCneoda. raWvelTa saimedoobaze<br />

metyvelebs wmida mefe Tamaris<br />

raWaSi gaZiZaveba da mefed kurTxevisas<br />

misTvis raWis erisTavisagan samefo<br />

regaliebis gadacema.<br />

nikorwmindis eparqia imereTis reformatori<br />

mefis, bagrat III (1510_1565<br />

ww.) meoxebiT Camoyalibda. bagrati<br />

samefos gaerTianebisaTvis Tavgasul<br />

mTavrebTan brZolaSi mokavSired eklesias<br />

miiCnevda da mudam mis moralurmaterialur<br />

aRorZinebas cdilobda.<br />

man sakuTriv imereTis teritoriaze<br />

Seqmna da aRadgina ramdenime saepiskoposo.<br />

amisaTvis mefem Zveli quTaisis<br />

saepiskoposo ramdenime samwysod dayo<br />

da mis bazaze daaarsa xonis, nikorwmindis,<br />

gelaTis saepiskoposoebi.<br />

nikorwmindis eparqia mefe bagratma<br />

imJamad ukve dakninebuli nikorwmindis<br />

cnobili monastris bazaze daafuZna,<br />

xolo Tavad nikorwminda axlad daarsebuli<br />

eparqiis sakaTedro taZrad<br />

iqca. marTalia, bagrat III XVI s-is<br />

30-ian wlebSi daafuZna nikorwmindis<br />

eparqia, magram RvTis sityva raWaSi<br />

iqadages wmida mociqulebma _ andria<br />

pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma da<br />

mataTam mdinare fazisis xeobis piraRma<br />

ayolebiT, susaniamde, maT Soris<br />

raWaSic, mimosvlisas, xolo am mxareSi<br />

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad<br />

damkvidreba wmida mefe mirianis religiur<br />

reformas ukavSirdeba.<br />

nikorwmindis eparqiis daarsebamde<br />

raWa eklesiurad aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />

eklesias _ mcxeTis saydars eqvemdebareboda.<br />

sxvadasxva dros raWis<br />

teritoriis garkveuli nawili ekuTvnoda<br />

niqozis, quTaisis eparqiebs. nikorwmindis<br />

samRvdelmTavros Camoyalibebis<br />

Semdeg, XVI s-is 30-iani wlebidan,<br />

igi imereTis sakaTolikosos SemadgenlobaSia.<br />

nikorwmindis eparqia saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebamde, dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi 1821 wlamde arsebobda.<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili<br />

erTi _ imereTis eparqiis mmarTveloba<br />

imJamad nikorwmindel episkopos s<strong>of</strong>rom<br />

wulukiZes miandes (1821_1845 ww.).<br />

s<strong>of</strong>roniosi nikorwmindel arqiepiskoposad<br />

XVIII s-is bolo meoTxedSi,<br />

1775 wlidan ixsenieba.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,<br />

1917 wels, ganaxlda nikorwmindis<br />

eparqiac. saeklesio cxovrebis aRorZinebis<br />

nacvlad,20-ian wlebSi dawyebuli<br />

represiebis dros, nikorwmindis eparqiis<br />

asobiT eklesia daarbies, daangries,<br />

daketes an y<strong>of</strong>iTi daniSnulebis Senoba-nagebobebad<br />

gadaakeTes. 1937 wlamde<br />

raWis 80-mde sasuliero piri iZulebiT<br />

ganmoses, gaasaxles an daxvrites.<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis miuxedavad,<br />

nikorwmindelis kaTedra Tavisufali<br />

iyo. 50-ian wlebSi igi SeTavsebuli<br />

hqonda quTaTel-gaenaTel episkoposs<br />

daviT CaCaniZes, samociani wlebis bolos<br />

ki quTaTel-gaenaTel mitropolit<br />

naomi SavianiZes. 80-iani wlebidan, sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II<br />

kurTxeviTa da ZalisxmeviT realurad<br />

amoqmedda nikorwmindis eparqiac, sadac<br />

sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobdnen episkoposebi:<br />

Sio avaliSvili,anania jafariZe,<br />

qristefore wamalaiZe, ambrosi qaTamaZe,<br />

daviT maxaraZe, abraam garmelia.<br />

1996 wlidan nikorwmindis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mTavarepiskoposi elise (joxa-<br />

Ze).<br />

174<br />

19. foTisa da xobis eparqia<br />

foTisa da xobis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi Savi zRvis sanapiroze,<br />

istoriuli kolxeTis samefos teritoriaze<br />

mdebareobs. igi moicavs qalaqebs<br />

_ foTs, xobs da maT mimdebare<br />

teritorias. samRvdelmTavro teritoria<br />

ganvrcobilia md. rionisa da<br />

xobiswylis qvemo dinebis auzebze, rac<br />

Zveli qarTuli samefos, egrisis, imave

lazikis dasavleT nawils warmoadgens.<br />

foTisa da xobis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba senakisa da<br />

Cxorowyus, CrdiloeTidan _ zugdidisa<br />

da caiSis, samxreTidan _ Semoqmedis<br />

eparqiebi, dasavleTis mxridan ki igi<br />

Sav zRvas emijneba.<br />

qarTul da ucxour werilobiT<br />

wyaroebSi es mxare ZiriTadad cnobilia<br />

mdinare fasisis, imave rionis, Sav<br />

zRvasTan gaSenebuli misi mosaxele qalaq<br />

fasisis (foTis), cixe-gojis _ akropolisisa<br />

da maT garSemo arsebuli<br />

eTnikuri niSniT gaerTianebul qveynad.<br />

qristeSobamde VII_VI saukuneebs<br />

miewereba qalaquri tipis dasaxlebis<br />

_ fasisis (foTi) dafuZneba.<br />

dasavleT iberiis sazRvao qalaq<br />

foTsa da mis mimdebare teritorias<br />

tradicia mociqulTa moRvaweobis arealad<br />

miiCnevs.<br />

1917 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

Semdeg samegrelos regionSi ganaxlda<br />

Wyondidis eparqia. 1995 wels,<br />

saqarTvelos wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,Wyondidis<br />

eparqiis safuZvelze<br />

sami samRvdelmTavro kaTedra Camoyalibda:<br />

sakuTriv Wyondidis,zugdidisa<br />

da caiSis da foTis eparqiebi.<br />

2002 wlis 17 oqtombers, saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis gadawyvetilebiT, foTis<br />

eparqias Seecvala saxelwodeba da<br />

ewoda foTisa da xobis eparqia.<br />

foTis eparqias dafuZnebis droidan<br />

marTavs maRalyovladusamRvdeloesmitropolitgrigoli<br />

(berbiWa-<br />

Svili).<br />

20. axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqia<br />

175<br />

axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqia<br />

samxreT saqarTveloSi, zemo qarTlis<br />

teritoriaze mdebareobs. igi moicavs<br />

samcxisa da zemo javaxeTis sanaxebs.<br />

eparqias aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

dmanisis, manglisisa da walkis, dasavleTidan<br />

_ axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa<br />

da lazeTis,CrdiloeTidan – borjomisa<br />

da bakurianis eparqiebi. samxreTis<br />

mxridan eparqias sazRvari aqvs Turqe-<br />

Tisa da somxeTis respublikebTan.<br />

javaxeTi, rogorc saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

niSnis mqone qveyana, jer kidev qristes<br />

Sobamde, VIII s-is solisebr werilobiT<br />

ZeglebSi ixsenieba.<br />

es kuTxe Tavidanve im gzagasayarze<br />

aRmoCnda, saidanac qristianoba Semovida<br />

saqarTveloSi. wmida mociqulTa qadagebis<br />

Semdeg am mxareSi pirvelqristianTa<br />

Temebi aRmocenda. mogvianebiT,<br />

IV s-is dasawyisSi, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelma<br />

wmida ninom saqarTveloSi Semosvlisas<br />

gzad aq gamoiara. qarTlis<br />

pirveli episkoposis ioanes xelmZRvanelobiT<br />

konstantine imperatorTan mimavalma<br />

mefe mirianis elCobam gzad aq<br />

gaiara da ukan dabrunebulma saberZneTidan<br />

wamoRebuli didi siwmide _ macxovris<br />

samsWvali _ javaxeTSi, kerZod<br />

zemo javaxeTis imJamindel administraciul<br />

centrSi _ wundaSi mSenebare eklesiaSi<br />

datova. wunda zemo javaxeTis<br />

saeklesio centric gaxda. saerisTavoSi,<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio reformis<br />

periodSi, ramdenime samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedra Camoyalibda, romelTagan<br />

upiratesoba kumurdos saepiskoposos<br />

hqonda. istoriulad, zemo javaxeTi<br />

swored kumurdos saepiskoposos saxeliTaa<br />

cnobili.<br />

1917 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

miuxedavad, qarTvelTagan da<br />

marTlmadidebelTagan daclil zemo<br />

javaxeTSi tradiciuli eklesiuri<br />

cxovrebis ganaxleba TiTqmis SeuZlebeli<br />

iyo. mxolod 1978 wels sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />

II ZalisxmeviT gaxda SesaZlebeli<br />

saqarTvelos uZveles teritoriaze<br />

marTlmadidebeli eparqiis daarseba.<br />

1978 wels aRdgenil samcxe-javaxeTis<br />

eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda is-

toriuli zemo javaxeTi _ Zveli kumurdos<br />

eparqia.<br />

90-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

eparqiaTa aRdgenisa da ganaxlebis<br />

Sesabamisad, 1995 wels aRdga istoriuli<br />

kumurdos eparqiis uSualo memkvidre<br />

borjom-axalqalaqis eparqiis<br />

saxelwodebiT. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers,<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />

borjomisa da axalqalaqis eparqiis<br />

ganvrcobili teritoriis safuZvelze<br />

Camoyalibda ori samRvdelmTavro<br />

samwyso _ borjom-bakurianis da<br />

axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqiebi.<br />

axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti nikolozi (fa-<br />

CuaSvili)<br />

21. axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />

lazeTis eparqia<br />

axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da lazeTis<br />

eparqia samxreT saqarTveloSi,<br />

istoriuli samcxe-saaTabagos teritoriaze<br />

mdebareobs. igi moicavs qalaqebs:<br />

axalcixes, adigens, aspinZas,<br />

awyursa da maT mimdebare sanaxebs.<br />

2002 wlis 17 oqtombridan wmida sinodis<br />

gadawyvetilebiT eparqia nominalurad<br />

aerTianebs uZveles qarTul<br />

provinciebs _ tao-klarjeTsa da lazeTs,<br />

romlebic amJamad saqarTvelos<br />

saxelmwifo sazRvrebs miRmaa moqceuli.<br />

saqarTvelos saeparqio danawilebis<br />

safuZvelze, axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa<br />

da lazeTis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba borjomisa da<br />

bakurianis, axalqalaqisa da kumurdos,<br />

dasavleTidan _ baTumisa da sxalTis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ vanisa da baRdaTis,<br />

Crdilo-dasavleTidan _ Semoqmedis,<br />

Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _ margveTisa<br />

da ubisis eparqiebi, xolo samxreTis<br />

mxridan saxelmwifo sazRvari gadis<br />

TurqeTTan.<br />

saistorio tradiciis Tanaxmad,<br />

176<br />

saqarTvelos teritoriaze pirveli<br />

saepiskoposo kaTedra swored am<br />

regionSi dauarsebia wmida mociqul<br />

andria pirvelwodebuls. mociqulma<br />

yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli<br />

xatis saswauliT qristianobaze<br />

moqceul awyuris mkvidrT pirveli<br />

mawyvereli episkoposic daudgina.<br />

awyurSi dabrZanebul wmida xats qarTvelma<br />

erma siyvaruliT awyuris RvTismSobeli<br />

uwoda.<br />

samcxe (mogvianebiT, XIV_XVII ssis<br />

20-ian wlebamde _ samcxe-saaTabago),<br />

tao-klarjeTi da lazeTi odiTganve<br />

saqarTvelos mTlianobisa da saxelmwifoebriobis<br />

mtkice dasayrdens warmoadgenda.<br />

qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg es ku-<br />

Txe saqarTvelos mZlavr saqristianokulturul<br />

kerad Camoyalibda. saeklesio<br />

tradiciis Tanaxmad, am mxareSi<br />

samjer Semovidnen mociqulebi. IV saukunis<br />

dasawyisSi javaxeTSi, faravnis<br />

tbis midamoebSi Semosulma wmida ninom<br />

qadagebiT Camoiara javaxeTi, samcxe da<br />

amis Semdeg Semovida Sida qarTlsa da<br />

mcxeTaSi.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis administraciuli<br />

organizaciis Semdeg samcxe<br />

Tavidanve mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposis<br />

iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda.<br />

XVI saukunis bolos, 1578 wels, samcxe<br />

osmalTa xelSi gadavida, xolo<br />

saeklesio centri q. awyuri axalcixis<br />

safaSos sanjayis centri gaxda. aqedan<br />

mokidebuli, awyuris cixe, romelic osmalebma<br />

damatebiT gaamagres, mZlavr<br />

citadelad iqca, xolo kaTedrali dauZlurda<br />

da misi mRvdelmTavari xon-<br />

Tqarze damokidebuli Seiqna.<br />

mahmadianuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebis<br />

miuxedavad, mTel mesxeTSi qar-<br />

Tuli ena mosaxleobis urTierTobis<br />

ZiriTad enad iTvleboda, Tumca metyvelebaSi<br />

TandaTan Turqulic iWreboda.<br />

Turquli enis masobrivi gavrcelebisaTvis<br />

XVIII s-is meore naxevarSi da<br />

XIX s-is dasawyisSi mTeli rigi Ro-

nisZiebebi ganxorcielda. qarTvelebis<br />

saboloo ganadgurebisaTvis samcxejavaxeTSi<br />

masobrivad Caasaxles mejoge-momTabare<br />

qurTTa da yazax-borCalodan<br />

gadasuli momTabare yarafafaxelTa<br />

(Taraqama) tomebi da sxvebi.<br />

samcxe-javaxeTidan SemorCenili<br />

qarTvelebis gasaxleba gansakuTrebiT<br />

XIX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan _ adrianopolis<br />

zavis Semdeg gaZlierda.<br />

osmalebi ruseTTan mosalodneli kav-<br />

Siris SiSiT aiZulebdnen marTlmadidebel<br />

qarTvelebs, SeecvalaT sarwmunoeba<br />

da gamahmadianebuliyvnen, rusebi<br />

ki mamapapuri adgilebidan mierekebodnen<br />

eTnikur qarTvelebs mahmadianobis<br />

gamo, osmaleTTan mosalodneli kavSiris<br />

aRdgenis SiSiT. XIX s-is 30_40-ian<br />

wlebSi samcxe-javaxeTidan qarTvel<br />

mahmadianTa gasaxleba da maT magier<br />

berZnebis, somxebisa da rus seqtantTa<br />

Casaxleba carizmis koloniuri politikis<br />

gamovlineba iyo, rac xalxebis<br />

aRrevas, erovnuli TviTSegnebis Cakvlas,saxazino<br />

miwebis fondis gazrdasa<br />

da Cveni qveynisaTvis sxva arasasurvel<br />

miznebs isaxavda. mesxeTis qarTul mosaxleobas<br />

1828 wels ruseTTan SeerTebam<br />

ar moutana mosalodneli Tavisufleba.<br />

imJamindeli mesxeTis mosaxleobis<br />

didi nawili Segnebulad ambobda<br />

uars mahmadianobaze da dedaeklesiis<br />

wiaRSi iTxovda dabrunebas. ruseTi ki<br />

maT aiZulebda osmaleTSi gadaxvewas,<br />

sanacvlod didi raodenobiT Camohyavda<br />

yarsidan da arzrumidan mon<strong>of</strong>iziti<br />

somxebi, aseve rusi da ukraineli<br />

seqtantebi _ duxoborebi, malaknebi,<br />

raskolnikebi da sxv. am droisaTvis<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia<br />

gauqmebuli iyo.<br />

1917 wels, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, ganaxlebuli<br />

baTum-Semoqmedis eparqiis<br />

iurisdiqcia mTel samxreT-dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos teritorias moicavda,<br />

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Semavalsa<br />

(guria,aWara) da istoriulsac (SavSeTi,<br />

177<br />

klarjeTi, tao, WaneTi...). amgvari mdgomareoba<br />

1953 wlis ivlisamde gagrZelda,<br />

sanam ssrk-is imJamindeli xelisufleba<br />

TurqeTis saxelmwifos pretenziebs<br />

ar daakmay<strong>of</strong>ilebda da baTum-Semoqmedis<br />

eparqias samxreT-dasavleT nawils<br />

moakvecda. amis Semdeg ZirZveli qarTuli<br />

provinciebi nominaluradac ki ganaSores<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis erTian<br />

organizms. 20-iani wlebidan, gasageb<br />

mizezTa gamo, mTeli 70 wlis manZilze<br />

qristianuli saeklesio cxovreba<br />

metad mZime wnexis qveS iyo moqceuli.<br />

mxolod 70-iani wlebis bolos, sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II ZalisxmeviT<br />

gaizarda mRvdelmTavarTa<br />

ricxvi. am periods ukavSirdeba samcxe-javaxeTis<br />

eparqiis aRdgena, romelic<br />

imJamad qveynis saxelmwifo sazRvrebSi<br />

moqceul TiTqmis mTel samxreT saqarTvelos<br />

moicavda.<br />

1978 wels, axlad aRdgenili samcxe-javaxeTis<br />

eparqiis mRvdelmTavrad<br />

episkoposi ambrosi qaTamaZe dainiSna,<br />

Semdeg eparqias mwysida episkoposi anania<br />

jafariZe. aRniSnuli saxelwodeba<br />

eparqiam 1995 wlis aprilamde Seinar-<br />

Cuna, Semdeg samcxe-javaxeTis saeparqios<br />

sakmaod vrceli teritoria gaiyo<br />

da misgan Camoyalibda axalcixisa da<br />

borjom-axalqalaqis ori eparqia.<br />

1999 wlidan eparqiis mmarTveli<br />

mRvdelmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe).<br />

2002 wlis 17 oqtombers saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis ganCinebiT axalcixis eparqias<br />

nominalurad dauqvemdebares uZvelesi<br />

qarTuli mxareebi: tao, klarjeTi, lazeTi.<br />

eparqiasac Sesabamisad axalcixis,<br />

tao-klarjeTisa da lazeTis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro ewoda.

22. xonisa da samtrediis eparqia<br />

xonisa da samtrediis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi, istoriuli<br />

imereTis samefos centralur nawil-<br />

Si, vake imereTSi mdebareobs. igi xons,<br />

samtrediasa da maT mimdebare teritoriebs<br />

aerTianebs. eparqia rionsa da<br />

cxeniswyals Soris mdebare sivrces<br />

moicavs. aRmosavleTidan mas esazRvreba<br />

quTais-gaenaTisa da vani-baRdaTis<br />

eparqiebi, dasavleTidan _ Wyondidis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ cagerisa da lentexis,<br />

samxreTidan _ Semoqmedis eparqiebi.<br />

tradiciulad kolxeTis centraluri<br />

nawili, istoriuli vake imereTi,<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi qveynis siZlierisa<br />

da saxelmwifoebriobis mtkice<br />

dasayrdeni iyo. yvela, met-naklebad<br />

mniSvnelovani movlena, rac dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi aRsrulebula,am kuTxis<br />

istoriasac ukavSirdeba. calke samefod<br />

gamoy<strong>of</strong>il imereTSi vake mZlavr<br />

sadroSod iTvleboda.<br />

imereTis centralur saerisTavosa<br />

da samefos erT-erTi sadroSos Sesaferisi<br />

saeklesio aRiarebac sWirdeboda.<br />

xonis eparqiis Camoyalibeba XVI saukuneSi<br />

imereTis reformator mefe bagrat<br />

III (1510_1565 ww.) ukavSirdeba.<br />

samefo domenSi Semavali xonis<br />

eparqia Tavidanve samefo ojaxis gansakuTrebuli<br />

mzrunvelobis qveS iyo. amitom<br />

samRvdelmTavro teritoria daarsebidanve<br />

imereTis samefos sakmaod vrcel<br />

sanaxebs moicavda. mas 70-mde didi<br />

s<strong>of</strong>eli ekuTvnoda, TiToeul s<strong>of</strong>elSi<br />

ori,sami da meti eklesia iyo. eparqiaSi<br />

Sedioda agreTve vanis, xonis qvayudisa<br />

da maTxojis didi monastrebic.<br />

XVIII_XIX saukuneTa mijnaze, Ti-<br />

Tqmis naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi,<br />

1771_1820 wlebSi xonis eparqias ganagebda<br />

didi moRvawe, mTavarepiskoposi<br />

anton CijavaZe. man axalgazrdobaSi<br />

safuZvliani sasuliero da filos<strong>of</strong>iuri<br />

ganaTleba miiRo. mRvdelmTavrobisas<br />

gaaZliera eparqia, ganamtkica<br />

178<br />

misi meurneoba, sabolood moawesriga<br />

sagadasaxado nusxebi. eklesias daubruna<br />

Tavadaznaurobisagan mitacebuli<br />

saeklesio miwebi, alagma Tavgasuli<br />

eriskacebi da sxv.<br />

mis moRvaweobaSi qvelmoqmedebas<br />

gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs. man<br />

xonis monasterTan aamoqmeda sakmaod<br />

didi samrevlo skola,aago asadgiliani<br />

saavadmy<strong>of</strong>o (sasapyre), sadac eparqiis<br />

xarjze fizikuri naklis mqone bavSvebi<br />

izrdebodnen. mTavarepiskopos antonis<br />

saxsrebiT XII_XIV saukuneebis mravali<br />

wigni gadaiwera, Tbilisis sionisa da<br />

safaris wmida sabas lavris ikonomdiakvnebi<br />

didxans iyvnen xonSi, raTa<br />

ganeaxlebinaT asobiT sigeli, wyalobisa<br />

da Sewirulobis wignebi...<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebisa da 1819_1820 ww-is<br />

imereTis cnobili ajanyebis CaxSobis<br />

Semdeg, 1821 wlis noemberSi, imereTi<br />

erT eparqiad gaerTianda. xonis mTavarepiskoposi<br />

antoni gauqmebuli xonis<br />

eparqiidan gaaZeves, ris Semdegac<br />

igi Zalian male, 1822 wels, Tavis sagvareulo<br />

mamulSi, saCinoSi gardaicvala.<br />

xonis eparqiis vrceli samwyso da<br />

saeklesio glexebi saxazino uwyebaSi<br />

gadairicxnen.<br />

mravali winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad,<br />

didi tradiciebis mqone eparqia sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II ZalisxmeviT,TiTqmis<br />

ori saukunis Semdeg,<br />

1995 wlis 5 aprils kvlav aRdga.<br />

1996 wlis noembridan xonis samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedris mwyemsmTavaria<br />

maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />

saba (gigiberia).<br />

23. baTumisa da qobuleTis eparqia<br />

baTumisa da qobuleTis eparqia<br />

saqarTvelos ukidures samxreT-dasavleTiT,<br />

Savi zRvis sanapiroze, aWaris<br />

avtonomiur respublikaSi, istoriuli<br />

aWaris teritoriaze mdebareobs. epar-

179<br />

qiis sazRvari samxreTis mxridan emTxveva<br />

saqarTvelo-TurqeTis saxelmwifo<br />

sazRvars, romelic gasdevs WaneTisa<br />

da SavSeTis qedebs: aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba sxalTis, CrdiloeTidan ki<br />

_ Semoqmedis eparqiebi,istoriuli mesxe-<br />

Tis qedi, mdinareebis _ natanebisa da<br />

kintriSis wyalgamy<strong>of</strong>ebi, dasavleTidan<br />

eparqias akravs Savi zRvis sanapiro.<br />

aWara istoriulad saqarTvelos<br />

erT-erTi uZvelesi provinciaa, romelic<br />

geografiulad zemo qarTlis,<br />

kerZod, mesxeTis nawils Seadgenda.<br />

werilobiT wyaroebSi aWara moxseniebulia<br />

sxvadasxva saxeliT: `aWaris<br />

qveyana~, `aWaris xevi~ an `aWaris xeoba~<br />

da sxv. es kuTxe moicavda aWariswylis<br />

xeobas Worox-aWariswylis SesarTavamde.<br />

saeklesio istoria saqarTveloSi<br />

qristianobis Semosvlasa da gavrcelebas<br />

aWaris mxridan, didaWaridan<br />

miiCnevs. wmida mociqulebma samxreTdasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi yovladwmida<br />

RvTismSoblis saxelobis mravali ta-<br />

Zari aages. mdinare sufsis qvemo welze,<br />

srialeTad saxeldebul adgilze,<br />

aqaurma mkvidrma mosaxleobam am kuTxis<br />

ganmanaTleblis, wmida andria mociqulis<br />

saxelobis eklesia aago, romelmac<br />

bolo dromde moaRwia.<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg<br />

sxalTis midamoebi da mTlianad aWara<br />

IV saukuneSi mefe mirdat III Seqmnil<br />

Tuxarelis samwysoSi erTiandeboda.<br />

eparqia V saukunis 60-ian wlebamde<br />

arsebobda, Semdeg wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgaslis mier klarjeTis qveyanaSi<br />

daarsebuli da momZlavrebuli axizis<br />

eparqiis gavlenis qveS moeqca. qarTlis<br />

samefos uZvelesi provincia sxvadasxva<br />

epoqaSi momxdurTa mZlavrobisagan<br />

xSirad dampyrobTa gavlenis qveS<br />

eqceoda. VI saukunidan, qveynis saerTo<br />

daZabunebis dros, aWara qajeTis cixe-<br />

Si (berZnuli wyaroebiT _ petra) arsebuli<br />

eklesiis irgvliv Seqmnil eparqias<br />

ekuTvnoda. X saukuneSi,kerZod,941<br />

wlidan, aWaris nawili, qvemo aWara `afxazTa<br />

samefoSi~ Sevida. pirvelad igi<br />

tbeTis eparqiaSi, XI s-is dasawyisidan<br />

ki quTaisis eparqiaSi moeqca, zemo aWara<br />

ki X saukunidan anCelis iurisdiqciaSi<br />

moixseneba.<br />

XI saukunis II naxevridan aWara<br />

saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos<br />

SemadgenlobaSia da misi zemo mxare<br />

klarjeTTan erTad abuserisZeTa saerisTavoSi<br />

iTvleba. `didi Turqobis~<br />

dros,XI s-is 80-ian wlebSi,aWara samxre-<br />

Tidan SemoWrilma selCukebma aaoxres,<br />

xolo XIII s-is Sua wlebidan gaZlierebuli<br />

samcxe-saaTabagos samTavros<br />

erT-erT saerisTavos warmoadgenda.<br />

XVI s-is 50-ian wlebSi osmalebma<br />

miitaces klarjeTi. dawyebuli Sida<br />

feodaluri dapirispirebiT isargebla<br />

osmaleTma da aWaris teritoriis<br />

etapobriv dapyrobas Seudga. XVI s-is<br />

70-iani wlebisTvis mTeli aWara osmalebma<br />

daipyres da iq zemo da qvemo<br />

aWaris sanjayebi daaarses. sanjayebad<br />

(raioni) day<strong>of</strong>ili aWara Cildiris<br />

(axalcixe) vilaieTs miuerTes.<br />

amis Semdeg aWaris mosaxleobas mamapapeul<br />

miwa-wyalze darCenis saSualeba<br />

qristianobis uary<strong>of</strong>iTa da mahmadis<br />

aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi eZleoda. amgvari<br />

mdgomareoba grZeldeboda XIX saukuneSic.<br />

mxolod 1877_78 wlebSi, ruseT-osmaleTis<br />

omis Semdeg, 1878 wlis<br />

berlinis kongresis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />

samxreT saqarTvelos ZirZveli miwa<br />

kvlav samSoblos daubrunda. am mxareSi<br />

adre arsebobda anCis, tbeTisa<br />

da xinowmindis eparqiebi. imJamindeli<br />

saqarTvelos saeklesio marTva-gamgeoba<br />

rusul yaidaze iyo gardaqmnili.<br />

Zveli qarTuli eparqiebis momcveli<br />

mxare guriis saepiskoposos iurisdiqciaSi<br />

Sevida. 1882 wels guriis eparqiis<br />

saWeTmpyroblad dadgenil iqna<br />

wmida mRvdelmTavari aleqsandre oqropiriZe.<br />

1885 wels guriisa da odi-<br />

Sis samwysoebi erT eparqiad gaerTia-

nda. guria-samegrelos gaerTianebuli<br />

eparqia samxreT saqarTvelos uZveles<br />

kuTxeebsac (aWara, SavSeTi, klarje-<br />

Ti, tao, WaneTi) moicavda. am regionSi<br />

wmida mRvdelmTavar aleqsandre oqropiriZis<br />

moRvaweobisas daiwyo miviwyebuli<br />

qristianuli cxovrebis wesis<br />

nel-nela gamococxleba, baTumSi, qobuleTsa<br />

da xuloSi Zveli salocavebis<br />

ganaxleba da axlis mSenebloba...<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg, 1917 wlis<br />

seqtemberSi mowveuli saqarTvelos<br />

saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebiT<br />

aRdga baTumis eparqiac, romelsac ba-<br />

Tom-Semoqmedis, mogvianebiT ki, baTum-<br />

Semoqmedis saepiskoposo ewoda. baTum-<br />

Semoqmedis eparqia 1995 wlis aprilamde<br />

arsebobda.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,1995<br />

wlis 5 aprils baTum-Semoqmedis<br />

erTi eparqiidan Camoyalibda ori _ Semoqmedisa<br />

da baTum-sxalTis eparqiebi.<br />

2006 wlis 21 dekembers, saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, ba-<br />

Tumisa da sxalTis eparqiis teritoriuli<br />

gadanawilebis Semdeg Seiqmna<br />

baTum-qobuleTisa da sxalTis eparqiebi.<br />

baTum-qobuleTis samRvdelmTavros<br />

mwyemsmTavrad manamde baTumisa da<br />

sxalTis maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti dimitri (SiolaSvili)<br />

iqna dadgenili.<br />

24. vanisa da baRdaTis eparqia<br />

180<br />

vanisa da baRdaTis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi, imereTis dablobze,mdinareebis<br />

_ sulorisa da xaniswylis<br />

auzebSi mdebareobs. igi qalaqebs<br />

_ vans, baRdaTsa da maT mimdebare teritorias<br />

moicavs. vanisa da baRdaTis<br />

eparqia 1995 wlis aprilSi Camoyalibdaeparqias<br />

aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

margveTisa da ubisis, agreTve borjomisa<br />

da bakurianis, dasavleTidan _<br />

Semoqmedis, CrdiloeTidan _ quTaisgaenaTisa<br />

da xoni-samtrediis,samxreTidan<br />

_ axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />

lazeTis eparqiebi.<br />

eparqiis teritoriaze qristianobis<br />

qadageba mociqulebis dros dawyebula.<br />

mefe mirianis mier qristianobis<br />

saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis<br />

Semdeg es kuTxec gaqristianda. Tanamedrove<br />

eparqiis teritoria imereTis<br />

samefoSi arsebul quTaisisa da margveTis<br />

samwysoebSi Sedioda.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wmida sinodis 1995 wlis 5 aprilis<br />

gadawyvetilebiT quTais-gaenaTis<br />

eparqiis safuZvelze sami eparqia _<br />

xonis, vanisa da baRdaTis da quTaisgaenaTis<br />

eparqiebi Camoyalibda. calke<br />

samRvdelmTavrod gamoy<strong>of</strong>il vanisa<br />

da baRdaTis eparqias SeTavsebiT kvlav<br />

quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti<br />

kalistrate marTavda.<br />

1996 wlis noembridan vanisa da<br />

baRdaTis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria ma-<br />

RalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />

antoni (buluxia).<br />

25. zugdidisa da caiSis eparqia<br />

zugdidisa da caiSis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi, istoriuli egrisis<br />

samefos centralur nawilSi<br />

mdebareobs. igi moicavs qalaqebs _<br />

zugdids, walenjixasa da maT mimdebare<br />

teritorias. samRvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba senakisa da<br />

Cxorowyus eparqia, dasavleTidan _<br />

cxum-afxazeTis, CrdiloeTidan _ mestiisa<br />

da zemo svaneTis, samxreTidan<br />

_ foTisa da xobis eparqiebi, samxreTdasavleTis<br />

sazRvari zRvis sanapiro<br />

zols mihyveba.<br />

saeklesio tradiciis Tanaxmad, am<br />

mxareSi wmida mociqulebs _ andria<br />

pirvelwodebuls, svimon kananelsa da<br />

mataTas uqadagiaT da pirvelqristianuli<br />

TemisTvis eklesia daufuZnebiaT.<br />

IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi egris-<br />

Si qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad

gamocxadda, xolo V saukuneSi vaxtang<br />

gorgasalma srulad gaaTavisufla<br />

dasavleTi saqarTvelo romaelTagan.<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi VIII saukunidan<br />

iwyeba afxazeTis sakaTolikosos<br />

Camoyalibebis procesi,romlis SemadgenlobaSic<br />

X saukunisaTvis mTeli<br />

dasavleTi saqarTvelo Sedioda.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg, 1814 wlis 17<br />

oqtombris brZanebulebiT dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso uSualod<br />

SeuerTda ruseTis eklesias. caiSis<br />

samwysoc egzarqosis daqvemdebarebaSi<br />

arsebuli imereT-quTaisis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

aRmoCnda.<br />

1917 wlis seqtemberSi avtokefaliaaRdgenili<br />

saqarTvelos saeklesio<br />

krebaze ganaxlda 13 eparqia. caiSis Zveli<br />

samRvdelmTavro teritoria Wyondidis<br />

eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi iTvleboda.<br />

1995 wlis 5 aprils saqarTvelos<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomaze<br />

aRdga 1823 wlidan gauqmebuli caiSis<br />

saepiskoposo kaTedra.<br />

zugdidisa da caiSis eparqiis mwy-<br />

emsmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti gerasime (SaraSeni-<br />

Ze).<br />

26. bodbis eparqia<br />

bodbis eparqia saqarTvelos ukidures<br />

samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, qiziyis,<br />

Zveli kambeCovanis mxareSi mdebareobs.<br />

mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis qalaqebi _<br />

siRnaRi, ded<strong>of</strong>liswyaro da maTi mimdebare<br />

teritoriebi. bodbis eparqias<br />

CrdiloeTidan esazRvreba nekresisa<br />

da hereTis, gurjaanisa da veliscixis,<br />

dasavleTidan _ sagarejosa da ninowmindis<br />

eparqiebi, samxreTis da aRmosavleTis<br />

sazRvrebi saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis<br />

sazRvars emTxveva.<br />

qarTuli saistorio tradicia<br />

bodbis eparqiis dafuZnebas V saukuniT<br />

aTariRebs. VI saukunis dasawyis-<br />

Si, 506 wels bodbeli mRvdelmTavari<br />

181<br />

lazare aRmosavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebTan<br />

erTad dvinis saeklesio<br />

krebas eswreboda. saqarTvelos samefo<br />

karze, Semdeg kaxeTis damoukidebel<br />

samTavrosa da samefoSi bodbeli<br />

mRvdelmTavris dawinaurebul mdgomareobas<br />

am mxareSi qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis,<br />

wmida ninos moRvaweoba da<br />

aRsasruli ganapirobebda.<br />

V_VI ss-is mijnaze am mxareSi ori<br />

eparqia _ xornabuji da bodbe _ ixsenieba.<br />

axlomdebare samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedraTa bunebriv sazRvrad bodbis<br />

xevi aris miCneuli. kambeCovanis<br />

dasavleTi mxare bodbelis samwysod<br />

iTvleboda, aRmosavleTi _ xornabujelisa.<br />

wmida mefe vaxtang gorgasalma<br />

xornabuji Weremsa da nekresTan er-<br />

Tad saufliswulo mamulad gadasca<br />

Tavis Zes, daCis. saqarTvelos politikuri<br />

daqucmacebulobis periodSi kaxeTis<br />

mefeebs xSirad bodbeli episkoposi<br />

akurTxebda. samefo gvirgvini<br />

aq daidges kaxeTis mefeebma _ giorgi<br />

I (1466_76 ww.), aleqsandre I (1476_1511<br />

ww.), levanma (1518_74 ww.), Teimuraz I<br />

(1606_16; 1625_48 ww.) da sxv. mefis kurTxevis<br />

pativiT igi garkveulwilad uTanabrdeboda<br />

qarTlis da imereTis ka-<br />

Tolikosebs, romlebic aseve TavianTi<br />

samefoebis mefeebs akurTxebdnen.<br />

bodbels kaxeTis samefoSi pirveli<br />

sadroSos _ qiziyis winamZRoloba<br />

hqonda mindobili.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebisas sakmaod momZlavrebuli<br />

da dawinaurebuli bodbis eparqia<br />

ruseTis mier daniSnul egzarqoss<br />

dauqvemdebares da kaxeTis sxva sam-<br />

RvdelmTavroebTan erTad, erT, kaxeTalaverdis<br />

eparqiaSi gaaerTianes.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg saqarTvelos pirvel<br />

saeklesio krebaze ganaxlebulad<br />

CaiTvala bodbis saepiskoposoc. misi<br />

marTva droebiT SeTavsebuli hqonda<br />

alaverdel mRvdelmTavars. 1925 wlis<br />

22 oqtombers sakaTolikoso sabWos

dadgenilebiT, alaverdis eparqias gamoeyo<br />

bodbis eparqia.<br />

bodbis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi daviTi<br />

(tikariZe).<br />

27. samTavisisa da goris eparqia<br />

samTavisisa da goris eparqia Sida<br />

qarTlis centralur nawilSi, istoriul<br />

zena s<strong>of</strong>elSi mdebareobs. eparqia<br />

moicavs Zvel qalaqebs _ gors, kaspsa<br />

da maT mimdebare sanaxebs. eparqiis<br />

amJamindel teritoriaze, „rexulas<br />

zeiT did liaxvamde“, vaxtang gorgaslis<br />

saeklesio reformis Semdeg mcxeTis<br />

mTavarepiskoposis iurisdiqcia<br />

vrceldeboda, romlis sakaTedro ta-<br />

Zari samTavros RvTaebis eklesia iyo.<br />

samRvdelmTavros, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />

centralur nawilSi mdebareobis<br />

gamo, qarTlSi arsebul eparqiaTa<br />

umravlesoba esazRvreba: aRmosavleTidan<br />

_ mcxeTa-Tbilisis, wilknisa da<br />

duSeTis, CrdiloeTidan _ niqozisa da<br />

cxinvalis, dasavleTidan _ urbnisisa<br />

da ruisis, borjomisa da bakurianis,<br />

samxreTidan _ manglisisa da walkis<br />

eparqiebi.<br />

am mxareSi qristes eklesiis dafuZnebis<br />

adreuli etapis Sesaxeb nastakisis<br />

naqalaqaris arqeologiuri<br />

monacemebi mianiSnebs. aq aRmoCenilia<br />

II_III saukuneebis pirvelqristianTa<br />

saRvTismsaxuro Senoba, rac mociqul-<br />

Ta moRvaweobis xanas ukavSirdeba.<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg es<br />

kuTxe erT-erT umTavres saqristiano<br />

centrad iqca. igi Tavidanve mcxeTis<br />

sapatriarqo saydris iurisdiqciaSi<br />

Sedioda da msxvil saeparqio erTeulad<br />

adridanve Camoyalibda.<br />

saeklesio tradicia samTavis-<br />

Si eparqiis sakaTedro taZris agebas,<br />

wilknis, erTawmindisa da metexis eklesiebTan<br />

erTad, wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgasals miawers.<br />

droTa ganmavlobaSi, mterTagan<br />

mravali Semosevisa da sxvadasxva mizezis<br />

gamo samTavisis samRvdelmTavro<br />

kaTedra nel-nela daemcro. me-19<br />

saukunis damdegs igi mxolod 17 s<strong>of</strong>els<br />

moicavda. 1803 wels wilknis mTavarepiskoposis,<br />

ioane qarumiZis gardacvalebis<br />

Semdeg samTavisis eparqias<br />

wilknis vrceli samwysoc miuerTes.<br />

male wilkan-samTavisis ganvrcobili<br />

teritoria niqozeli mRvdelmTavris<br />

daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida. me-19 saukuneSi<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg qarTlis erT<br />

samRvdelmTavro samwysod gaerTianebuli<br />

eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi samTavisic<br />

Sedioda.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg es mxare xan<br />

wilknis, xanac ruis-urbnisisa da sxva<br />

saepiskoposoTa iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda.<br />

1994 wels ruis-urbniss gamoeyo<br />

kaspisa da goris raionebis teritoria<br />

da samTavisis da goris eparqiis saxelwodebiT<br />

aRdga am kuTxis uZvelesi<br />

saeklesio samwyso.<br />

samTavisisa da goris eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi andria (gvazava).<br />

182<br />

28. stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqia<br />

stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqia aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi,Sida qarTlis<br />

ukiduresi CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs<br />

da mdinareebis _ Trusos, Tergisa da<br />

snoswylis auzebs moicavs. eparqiis<br />

SemadgenlobaSia saqarTvelos mTiane-<br />

Tis patara qalaqi stefanwminda (y<strong>of</strong>.<br />

yazbegi) da misi mimdebare istoriuli<br />

provincia _ xevi,adrindeli Sua saukuneebis<br />

winareTi. samRvdelmTavro teritorias<br />

aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis, samxre-<br />

Tidan _ wilknisa da duSeTis,dasavle-<br />

Tidan _ niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqiebi,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ saqarTvelo-ruse-<br />

Tis saxelmwifo sazRvris monakveTze

ki _ alania _ Crd. oseTisa da CaCneTinguSeTis<br />

avtonomiuri respublikebi.<br />

qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi toponimi<br />

„xevi winareTisa“ pirvelad VI<br />

saukunis movlenebis aRwerisas ixsenieba.<br />

mogvianebiT saxelwodeba „winare-<br />

Ti“ xmarebidan TandaTan gamovida da<br />

„xevi“ damkvidrda am mxaris sakuTar<br />

saxelad. Sesabamisad, aqaur mkvidrTa<br />

satomo saxeli „winarebi“ Secvala<br />

„moxevem“.<br />

xevi adridanve, Tavisi adgilmdebareobis<br />

gamo, umniSvnelovanes funqcias<br />

asrulebda saqarTvelos samxedrostrategiuli<br />

da Tavdacvisunarianobis<br />

erTian sistemaSi.<br />

tradicia darialis xeobaSi pirveli<br />

simagris aSenebas iberiis mefe<br />

mirian I (qristes Sobamde II s-is I<br />

naxevari) ukavSirebs. qristes Sobamde<br />

I s-Si iberiis mefeebi romis mZlavr<br />

imperiasTan, parTiasTan da somxeTTan<br />

urTierTobebs aRniSnuli simagris<br />

gaxsniT da momTabareTa gadmoSvebiT<br />

aregulirebdnen. V s-Si wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgasalma aRadgina Zveli TavdacviTi<br />

nagebobebi da saqarTvelos<br />

Crdilo karibWe saimedod Caketa.<br />

wmida mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma am<br />

gziT Camoiyvana (1118_1120 ww.) saqarTveloSi<br />

yivCayebi da manve ganaaxla<br />

aqauri simagreebi. wmida mefe Tamaris<br />

dros kidev ufro metad gaizarda samisionero<br />

moRvaweoba da am kuTxis<br />

gavleniT qristianobaze moeqcnen zaxas,<br />

gudas, Trusos da sxva xeobaTa mcxovrebni.<br />

im xanebSi xevis gansakuTrebuli<br />

mniSvneloba Crdilokavkasieli<br />

xalxebis damorCilebasa da maTi gaqristianebis<br />

saqmeSi seriozul saxelmwifoebriv<br />

saqmed iyo miCneuli.<br />

qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi simtkicis<br />

erT-erTi mZlavri dasayrdeni mxare,<br />

Sida qarTlis CrdiloeTi karibWe<br />

_ xevi, adridanve wilknis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

iTvleboda. saeklesio<br />

tradicia am mxares andria mociqulis<br />

saqarTveloSi mimosvlis erT monakve-<br />

Tad miiCnevs. xevis moqceva ki aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTvelos mTieli tomebis<br />

gaqristianebas ukavSirdeba da wmida<br />

mefe mirianis Zes _ baqars miewereba.<br />

qveynis saerTo gaWirvebis miuxedavad,<br />

XVIII_XIX saukuneTa mijnaze,<br />

saqarTveloSi ruseTis mmarTvelobis<br />

damyarebamde,qarTlis eparqiaTa Soris<br />

wilkani erT-erT yvelaze dawinaurebul<br />

da ganvrcobil samRvdelmTavrod<br />

iTvleboda. Sesabamisad, xevis eklesiamonastrebSi<br />

moRvawe RvTismsaxurebi<br />

aqtiur qristianul-samisionero saqmianobas<br />

eweodnen kavkasiis mTiel tomebSi.<br />

Tanamedrove stefanwmindisa da<br />

xevis eparqiis teritoriaze adridanve<br />

mraval Tavdadebul mamuliSvilsa da<br />

eklesiis gamoCenil pirs umoRvawia.<br />

mravalTagan aRsaniSnavia Rirsi ioseb<br />

xucesi (moxeve) saswaulmoqmedi; XVIII<br />

saukuneSi inguSeTsa da oseTSi ruse-<br />

Tis samisionero saqmianobis erT-erTi<br />

iniciatori ioseb qvabulisZe (1676_1750<br />

ww.) samebeli da wilkneli; ioane wilkneli,<br />

1762_1802 ww. (qarumiZe). man erekle<br />

II brZanebiT daiwyo misioneroba<br />

da os ymawvilebs aswavlida „wignsa,<br />

werasa da mecnierebasa“, radgan Zalze<br />

didi y<strong>of</strong>ila „nakleboba samRvdeloTa<br />

kavkasiasa mTasa Sina“, xevsa da Crdilo<br />

kavkasiis qristianul TemebSi. im<br />

periodSi gansakuTrebiT saxelganTqmuli<br />

misioneri iyo gervasi maWavariani,<br />

wilknel-samTavneli (1803_1817 w.w.)<br />

episkoposi da sxvani.<br />

saqarTvelos ruseTTan iZulebiTi<br />

SeerTebiT qveyanam jer politikuri<br />

damoukidebloba, Semdeg ki eklesiis<br />

avtokefalia dakarga. saqarTvelosken<br />

carizmis amgvar koloniur-dampyroblur<br />

politikas win aRudga Tavisuflebismoyvare<br />

moxeveTa Temi da 1804<br />

wlis mTiuleTis ajanyebisas eri da<br />

beri aqtiurad ibrZoda maTTvis ucxo<br />

da miuRebeli weswyobilebis winaaRmdeg.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

da qarTul samRvdelmTavroTa<br />

iZulebiTi gauqmebis miuxedavad, xevSi<br />

183

184<br />

aqtiuri qristianuli cxovreba Cqefda.<br />

aqedan kvlav miemarTebodnen misionerebi<br />

kavkasiis mTieli tomebis<br />

gaqristianebisa da rwmenaSi ganmtkicebis<br />

mizniT.<br />

1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenisas Tavis Zvel<br />

sazRvrebSi ganaxlda wilknis uZvelesi<br />

samRvdelmTavroc. 20-iani wlebidan<br />

dawyebuli represiebis gamo, xevis Tem-<br />

Si arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi faqtobrivad<br />

akrZaluli iyo wirva-locvis<br />

aRsruleba. sabWouri mmarTvelobis<br />

mxridan didi zewolis miuxedavad, am<br />

wlebSic ar Camkvdara xevis RvTismosav<br />

qristianTa daucxromeli locvavedreba<br />

uflisadmi eklesiis ganmtkicebisa<br />

da qveynis keTildReobisaTvis.<br />

am mxareSi Rrma sulierebiT gamor-<br />

Ceul ojaxTagan upirvelesad xevis<br />

cnobili pirovnebis, Siola RuduSauris<br />

STamomavlis, giorgi RuduSauris<br />

da natalia kobaiZis stumarTmoyvare<br />

da RvTismosavi ojaxi gamoirCeoda. am<br />

ojaxSi aRizarda saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

momavali mwyemsmTavari, sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II SiolaSvili-RuduSauri,<br />

romelmac Tavisi<br />

mRvdelmTavruli moRvaweoba eklesiisTvis<br />

urTules periodSi daiwyo.<br />

mravali sirTulis miuxedavad, RvTis<br />

gangebiT, swored misi uwmidesobis saxels<br />

ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos mravalsaukunovani<br />

da didi tradiciebis<br />

mqone eklesiis aRorZineba da ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

eklesiis mier misi avtokefaliis<br />

ganmeorebiTi dadastureba-aRiareba.<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />

misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis<br />

ilia II locva-kurTxeviT<br />

Tavis mSobliur kuTxeSi, istoriulad<br />

saqarTvelos Crdilo karibWis saimedo<br />

damcvel xevis TemSi, 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis ganCinebiT dafuZnda eparqia.<br />

axlad daarsebuli stefanwmindisa da<br />

xevis samRvdelmTavro samwyso teritoriulad<br />

ganvrcobili wilknis eparqiis<br />

safuZvelze Camoyalibda.<br />

stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi iegudieli (tabataZe).<br />

29. cagerisa da lentexis eparqia<br />

cagerisa da lentexis eparqia dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos CrdiloeTiT, istoriuli<br />

kuTxeebis _ leCxumisa da<br />

qvemo svaneTis teritorias moicavs. mis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi Sedis mTiani saqarTvelos<br />

ori patara qalaqi: lentexi da<br />

cageri. drois mdinarebis Sesabamisad,<br />

istoriul kuTxeTa _ leCxumis da svaneTis<br />

teritoria izrdeboda an mcirdeboda.<br />

leCxumis didi nawili svaneTis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. maT Soris<br />

bunebriv gamy<strong>of</strong>ad leCxumis qedi<br />

iTvleboda.<br />

cagerisa da lentexis samRvdelmTavro<br />

teritorias aRmosavleTidan<br />

nikorwmindis eparqia esazRvreba,<br />

samxreT-dasavleTidan _ senakisa<br />

da Cxorowyus, Wyondidis, samxreTidan<br />

_ quTais-gaenaTis da xoni-samtrediis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ mestiisa da zemo svaneTis<br />

eparqiebi, Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan<br />

_ kavkasionis centraluri qedi.<br />

werilobiT wyaroebSi svaneTisa da<br />

leCxumis moxsenieba adreuli droidan<br />

iwyeba. svaneTi – susaniis-suaniis-susebis,<br />

suaneTis, misimineTis saxeliT iyo<br />

cnobili. leCxums skvimniis saxeliT<br />

pirvelad VI s-Si prokopi kesarieli<br />

asaxelebs. am kuTxeebs berZnulis garda<br />

romauli da somxuri werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebic ixseniebs.<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis dros, V saukuneSi,<br />

es kuTxeebi mefis saerisTavoebs<br />

warmoadgenda.<br />

qarTuli da ucxoenovani werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebis uwyebiT, wmida mociqulebs<br />

saqarTvelos am regionSic uqadagiaT<br />

da pirveli qristianuli Temic<br />

daufuZnebiaT. es mxare imiTac aris gamorCeuli,rom<br />

eklesiis didma mnaTobma,

wmida maqsime aRmsarebelma cxovrebis<br />

bolo wlebi aq, leCxumSi gaatara.<br />

bunebrivi zRudeebiT adridanve<br />

gamagrebuli mTis es regioni mtris<br />

Semosevisas saqarTvelos baridan atanil<br />

saeklesio siwmideTa sacavad iTvleboda.<br />

saeklesio ganZsacavs leCxum-<br />

Si xvamlis mTa, xolo svaneTSi mTis<br />

miuvali s<strong>of</strong>lebi warmoadgendnen.<br />

qronologiurad am mxareSi mikvleul<br />

uZveles saeklesio wignad leCxumis<br />

s<strong>of</strong>el lailaSis xanmeturi palimfsesti<br />

saxeldeba. eparqiis eklesia-monastrebi<br />

ara marto baridan atanil<br />

saeklesio siwmideTa sacavad iTvleboda,<br />

aramed iq arsebobda umniSvnelovanesi<br />

saeklesio kulturis kerebi. es<br />

mxare Zveli droidanve cnobili iyo<br />

saeklesio xelsaqmis skolebiT.<br />

eparqiis aRorZineba saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg<br />

daiwyo. 1917 wlis seqtembris saeklesio<br />

krebaze ganaxlebul 13 eparqias Soris<br />

cagerisa da leCxum-svaneTis eparqiac<br />

saxeldeba. samRvdelmTavro samwyso<br />

zemo da qvemo svaneTs aerTianebda. XX<br />

s-is 20-ian wlebSi dawyebuli represiebis<br />

dros eparqiis aRdgenis miuxedavad,<br />

cagerisa da svaneTis eparqias 70 wlis<br />

ganmavlobaSi sakuTari mRvdelmTavari<br />

TiTqmis ar hyolia. samwysos marTva Se-<br />

TavsebiT quTaTel-gaenaTel mwyemsmTavars<br />

evaleboda. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombridan<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT<br />

cagerisa da svaneTis eparqiis ganvrcobili<br />

teritoriis safuZvelze ori<br />

samRvdelmTavro samwyso Camoyalibda:<br />

cagerisa da qvemo svaneTis da mestiisa<br />

da zemo svaneTis.<br />

cagerisa da lentexis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi stefane (kalaijiSvili).<br />

30. mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqia<br />

mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqia<br />

dasavleT saqarTvelos ukidures CrdiloeTSi,<br />

istoriuli svaneTis samTavrosa<br />

da balszemo svaneTSi, igive Tavisufal<br />

svaneTSi mdebareobs. eparqia<br />

kavkasionis qedis samxreT kalTebs<br />

Sefenil mestiis raionsa (y<strong>of</strong>ili<br />

seti) da mis Semogarens _ engurisa da<br />

cxeniswylis xeobebs, agreTve kodoris<br />

zemo welis auzs, e.w. afxazeTis<br />

svaneTs moicavs. samRvdelmTavro teritorias<br />

aRmosavleTiT da samxreTaRmosavleTiT<br />

esazRvreba cagerisa da<br />

qvemo svaneTis (lentexis) eparqia, dasavleTiT<br />

_ cxum-afxazeTis, samxreTiT<br />

_ zugdid-caiSis da senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />

eparqiebi, CrdiloeTi saqarTvelo-ruseTis<br />

saxelmwifo sazRvris<br />

monakveTia, romelic eparqiis teritorias<br />

mijnavs yabardo-balyareTis<br />

avtonomiur respublikasTan da yara-<br />

Cai-CerqezeTis avtonomiur olqTan. istoriulad<br />

svaneTis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

sazRvris gadaRma, Crdilo kavkasiis<br />

mdinareebis _ yubanisa da baqsanis sa-<br />

Tavis xeobebSi mdebare sakmaod vrceli<br />

teriroriac Sedioda.<br />

werilobiT wyaroTa uwyebiT, wmida<br />

mociqulebs _ andria pirvelwodebuls,<br />

svimon kananelsa da mataTas am mxareSic<br />

umoRvawiaT. svanebis moqcevisa<br />

da pirveli eklesiis dafuZnebis Semdeg<br />

mataTa am mxareSi darCenila da<br />

RvTis sityvas ganavrcobda. saqarTveloSi<br />

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad<br />

gamocxadebasTan erTad, es kuTxec<br />

qristiandeba,Tumca adreul xanaSi misi<br />

saeklesio organizaciis Sesaxeb Zalze<br />

mcire cnobebi arsebobs. zemo svaneTis,<br />

gansakuTrebiT misi dasavleTi nawilis<br />

mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad ZiriTadad<br />

caiSeli episkoposi iTvleboda.<br />

XIX s-is dasawyisidan ruseTis mier<br />

saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

Zaladobrivi gauqmebis gamo<br />

svaneTSi carizmis politikis mimarT winaaRmdegoba<br />

didxans grZeldeboda.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,<br />

ganaxlebuli cagerisa da leCxum-sva-<br />

185

neTis eparqia moicavda mestiasa da<br />

zemo svaneTsac. ocian wlebSi dawyebuli<br />

saeklesio represiebis gamo am<br />

mxareSi mRvdelmsaxureba faqtobrivad<br />

ar aResruleboda, Tumca sabWouri<br />

mmarTvelobis miuxedavad, zemo svaneTma<br />

sanimuSo erTgulebiT daicva Zveli<br />

eklesia-monastrebi da iq arsebuli<br />

siwmideebi.<br />

2002 wlis 17 oqtombers saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis ganCinebiT cagerisa da<br />

leCxum-svaneTis teritoriulad ganvrcobili<br />

eparqiis safuZvelze ori sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro samwyso Camoyalibda: a)<br />

cagerisa da qvemo svaneTisa (lentexis);<br />

b) mestiisa da zemo svaneTisa.<br />

mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi ilarioni (qitiaSvili).<br />

31. sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqia<br />

sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqia<br />

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, gare kaxeTSi,<br />

mdinare ivris auzSi _ gomboris<br />

qedis samxreT-dasavleT kalTis<br />

mTiswineTis teritoriaze mdebareobs.<br />

igi moicavs qalaq sagarejosa da mis<br />

Semogarens. eparqias aRniSnuli saxelwodeba<br />

2003 wlis 18 agvistos urbnisis<br />

sakaTedro taZarSi Catarebuli<br />

wmida sinodis krebaze ewoda. 1995<br />

wlis 5 aprilidan igi sagarejosa da<br />

gurjaanis saerTo saxelwodebiT arsebul<br />

samRvdelmTavros miekuTvneboda,<br />

romlis samwyso teritoriis gay<strong>of</strong>is<br />

Semdeg Camoyalibda. samRvdelmTavros<br />

aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba bodbis da<br />

gurjaan-veliscixis, dasavleTidan _<br />

rusTav-marneulis da mcxeTa-Tbilisis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ alaverdis da TianeT-fSav-xevsureTis<br />

eparqiebi, samxre-<br />

Tis mijna saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis<br />

saxelmwifo sazRvars emTxveva.<br />

sagarejo-ninowmindis eparqiis teritoria<br />

istoriuli kaxeTis samefos<br />

mesame sadroSos miekuTvneboda. am<br />

186<br />

regionSi saqarTvelos gaqristianebis<br />

axlo xanebidan ramdenime msxvili<br />

samRvdelmTavro kaTedra arsebobda,<br />

romelTac dasabami wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgaslis saeklesio reformam daudo.<br />

vaxtangis mier dafuZnebul qarTlis<br />

sakaTolikosoSi Tormeti axali<br />

saepiskoposo kaTedridan ori _<br />

ninowmindisa da Weremis Tanamedrove<br />

sagarejo-ninowmindis eparqiis teritoriaze<br />

mdebareobda. mogvianebiT am<br />

mxareSi samebelis, kawarelisa da marty<strong>of</strong>elis<br />

kaTedrebic moixsenieboda.<br />

amdenad, istoriuli kaxeTis samefoSi<br />

arsebul eparqiaTa umravlesoba Tanamedrove<br />

sagarejos da ninowmindis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro teritoriaze mdebareobda.<br />

aRniSnuli samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebi<br />

sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi arsebobdnen.<br />

maTgan yvelaze adreulad<br />

vaxtangis mier daarsebuli eparqiebi<br />

iTvleba.<br />

ninowmindis saepiskoposos kaTedra<br />

_ „ujarmis kari“ _ mefis sasaxlis<br />

karis eklesia iyo, romlis mwyemsmTavari<br />

VI saukunis dasawyisSi dvinis saeklesio<br />

krebazec moixsenieboda.<br />

umZimesi istoriuli warsulis miuxedavad,<br />

sagarejosa da ninowmindis<br />

eparqiis samwyso teritoriaze adridanve<br />

erTiani qristianuli saqarTvelos<br />

umniSvnelovanesi eklesia-monastrebi<br />

da saganmanaTleblo kerebi arsebobda:<br />

garejis mravalmTis samonastro kompleqsis<br />

zogierTi savane (qalaqisTvisac<br />

saxeli `sagarejo~ misTvis aqauri<br />

miwebis Sewirvis gamo uwodebiaT.<br />

„moigo saxeli, odes Seswires garejis<br />

udabnos dabnebi ese, uwodes sagarejo),<br />

boWorma (X_XI ss-is taZari),ninowminda<br />

(VI s-is sakaTedro taZari), kawareTi<br />

(VI_VII ss-is taZari), xaSmi, ujarma (V<br />

s.), Weremi da sxv. odiTganve aRniSnul<br />

eklesia-monastrebSi da mTel mxareSi<br />

did saganmanaTleblo, kulturul-aRm-<br />

SeneblobiT saqmianobas eweodnen aq<br />

moRvawe sasuliero da saero pirebi.<br />

XIX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis,

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebamde, regionSi arsebul eparqia-<br />

Tagan ninowmindelis kaTedra tradiciulad<br />

kvlav ganvrcobil da mdidar<br />

eparqiad iTvleboda.<br />

2003 wlis 18 agvistos, urbnisis sakaTedro<br />

taZarSi Catarebuli saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wmida sinodis krebis ganCinebiT, sagarejosa<br />

da gurjaanis eparqiis samwyso<br />

teritoriis gadanawilebis Semdeg<br />

Camoyalibda gurjaan-veliscixis da<br />

sagarejo-ninowmindis eparqiebi.<br />

sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi luka (lomiZe).<br />

32. bolnisis eparqia<br />

187<br />

bolnisis eparqia aRmosavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi, istoriuli qvemo qarTlis<br />

teritoriaze mdebareobs. igi<br />

saqarTvelos uZveles qalaqs – bolniss<br />

da mis mimdebare teritorias moicavs.<br />

mas aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

rusTavisa da marneulis,dasavleTidan<br />

_ dmanisis, CrdiloeTidan _ manglisisa<br />

da walkis eparqiebi, xolo samxreTi<br />

sazRvari saqarTvelo-somxeTis saxelmwifo<br />

sazRvars emTxveva.<br />

es vrceli mxare bunebrivad aris<br />

SemosazRvruli TrialeTis, javaxe-<br />

Tisa da bambak-erevnis qedebiT. istoriuli<br />

viTarebis Sesabamisad, qvemo<br />

qarTlis administraciuli sazRvrebi<br />

xSirad icvleboda. misi cvalebadoba<br />

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv simtkices<br />

Seesabameboda. Zvel wyaroebSi<br />

Semonaxulia am mxaris sxvadasxva saxelwodeba,<br />

romelTagan zogi fizikurgeografiuli<br />

cnebaa, zogi eTnikur-geografiuli<br />

da administraciul-teritoriuli<br />

Tu sxva.<br />

uZvelesi da umdidresi warsulis<br />

mqone mxareSi eklesia IV saukuneSi<br />

dafuZnda. „moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs“ Tanaxmad,<br />

bolnisis cnobili taZari IV s-<br />

is bolo wlebSi augia elia mTavarepiskoposs.<br />

bolnisis samRvdelmTavro<br />

teritoria Zalian mdidaria V_XVIII<br />

saukuneebis umniSvnelovanesi qristianuli<br />

xuroTmoZRvrebis ZeglebiT.<br />

am kuTxeSi adridanve farTod iyo<br />

gaSlili mwignobruli saqmianobac.<br />

mravalTagan gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva<br />

cnobili mwerali da mqadagebeli<br />

ioane bolneli.<br />

1917 wels, avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

miuxedavad, mravalmxriv saintereso istoriuli<br />

warsulis eparqiaSi tradiciuli<br />

qristianuli cxovrebis gamococxleba<br />

Zalze nela, mxolod 70_80-ian<br />

wlebSi daiwyo. Zveli bolnisis eparqia<br />

agarak-walkis saerTo saxelwodebiT<br />

arsebul qvemo qarTlis eparqiaSi iyo<br />

gaerTianebuli. bolnisis calke eparqiad<br />

gamoy<strong>of</strong>a sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia II locva-kurTxeviT<br />

1995 wels aRsrulda. im droidan mas<br />

bolnisisa da dmanisis eparqia ewoda.<br />

2003 wlis 18 agvistos, urbnisis saka-<br />

Tedro taZarSi Catarebuli saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />

sinodis krebaze bolnisis da dmanisis<br />

eparqia gaiyo da mis safuZvelze ori<br />

samRvdelmTavro Camoyalibda: bolnisis<br />

eparqia da dmanisis eparqia.<br />

bolnisis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />

yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />

efremi (gamrekeliZe).<br />

33. dmanisis eparqia<br />

dmanisis eparqia qvemo qarTlis teritoriaze,<br />

e.w. `qvena s<strong>of</strong>elSi~, mdinareebis<br />

_ maSaverisa da xramis auzSi<br />

mdebareobs. igi qarTlis ganapira qalaq<br />

dmaniss da mis mimdebare sanaxebs<br />

moicavs. dmanisis samRvdelmTavro<br />

samwysos aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

bolnisis, dasavleTidan _ axalqalaqisa<br />

da kumurdos, CrdiloeTidan _ manglisisa<br />

da walkis eparqiebi, samxreTi<br />

sazRvari saqarTvelo-somxeTis saxelmwifo<br />

sazRvars emTxveva.

eparqiis teritoriaze bolo drois<br />

arqeologiuri kvlevebis Sedegad<br />

gamovlenilia pirvely<strong>of</strong>il adamianTa<br />

uZvelesi nakvalevi, rac dmaniss<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio civilizaciis sawyisebTan<br />

akavSirebs.<br />

dmanisi iyo ZirZvel qarTul provinciaTa<br />

_ taSirisa da dmanisxevis _<br />

administraciul-politikuri da kulturul-saeparqio<br />

centri. wyaroebSi<br />

dmaneli episkoposi VI s-idan gvxvdeba,<br />

eparqiis Seqmna ki wmida mefe vaxtang<br />

gorgaslis mier saeklesio reformis<br />

gatarebis axlo xanebSia savaraudo.<br />

dmanelis samwysod Tavidanve iTvleboda:<br />

a) dmanisxevi, romelic vrceldeboda<br />

`yaraRajisa da taSiris mTis<br />

CrdiloT~ da b) taSiris _ `lores<br />

zeiT da loqis samÃriT, vidre debedamde<br />

da arjanis mTamde~ _ mosaxleoba,<br />

radgan eseni `samwysoni arian dbanisis~-o<br />

(vaxuSti).<br />

dmanisis eparqia eklesia-monastrebis<br />

simravlis garda, adridanve<br />

gamorCeuli iyo aq davanebuli saswaulmoqmedi<br />

xatebisa da wmidaTa<br />

wmida nawilebis mravalricxovnebiT.<br />

dmanisis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />

xatidan aRsrulebul RvTaebriv saswaulTa<br />

Sesaxeb `qarTlis cxovrebac~<br />

gvauwyebs.<br />

cnobilia, rom dmanisSia saZvale<br />

wmida mefe demetre Tavdadebulis Zis,<br />

mefe vaxtang III (1297; 1302-1308 ww.).<br />

XIX saukunisTvis gapartaxebuli<br />

mxare, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis<br />

da CvenTvis ucxo mmarTvelobiT-administraciuli<br />

sistemis SemoRebis<br />

Semdeg, Tbilisis gubernias<br />

miakuTvnes.<br />

188<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg<br />

Tanamedrove dmanisis eparqiis<br />

samwyso teritoria agarak-walkis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavros miekuTvneboda. 1995 wels,<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

gadawyvetilebiT agarak-walkas gamoeyo<br />

bolnisisa da dmanisis eparqia, romelic<br />

aRniSnul or mezobel raions<br />

aerTianebda. eparqiis mRvdelmTavrad<br />

dadgenili iyo mTavarepiskoposi Tadeoz<br />

ioramaSvili. 2003 wlis 18 agvistos<br />

urbnisis sakaTedro taZarSi Catarebul<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis wmida sinodis sadResaswaulo<br />

krebaze,bolnisisa da dmanisis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro teritoriis safuZvelze<br />

ori eparqia Camoyalibda _ bolnisisa<br />

da dmanisis, riTac aRdga istoriuli<br />

samarTlianoba ori uZvelesi da damoukidebeli<br />

samRvdelmTavros memkvidreobis<br />

ganaxlebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

dmanisis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />

yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi zenoni<br />

(iarajuli).<br />

34. gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqia<br />

gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqia<br />

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, centraluri<br />

kaxeTis teritoriaze, gomboris qedis<br />

Crdilo-aRmosavleT mTiswineTisa<br />

da mdinare alaznis auzSi mdebareobs.<br />

samRvdelmTavros iurisdiqcia gurjaanis<br />

raionsa da mis mimdebare teritoriaze<br />

vrceldeba. gurjaanisa da<br />

veliscixis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba nekresisa da hereTis,dasavleTidan<br />

_ sagarejosa da ninowmindis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ alaverdis, samxreTidan<br />

_ bodbis eparqiebi.<br />

eparqiis teritoria istoriul hereTs<br />

miekuTvneboda, dReisaTvis ki kaxeTis<br />

centralur nawils warmoadgens<br />

da misi istoria mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli<br />

erTiani kaxeTis warsulTan. XI<br />

s-is dasawyisSi kaxeTis mefem, kvirike<br />

III, hereTis samefo SemoierTa da gaer-<br />

Tianebuli `kaxeTis samefo~ Svid<br />

saerisTavod dayo,ris Semdegac eparqiis<br />

teritoria alaznis marjvena mxaris,<br />

Signi-kaxeTis centralur saerisTavos<br />

miakuTvna. XI_XII ss-Ta mijnaze wmida<br />

mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma saqarTvelos<br />

gaerTianebis Sedegad kaxeTis y<strong>of</strong>ili<br />

samefo erTian qarTul administraci-

ul sistemaSi moaqcia. mogvianebiT, XV<br />

s-idan saqarTvelo samefoebad daiSala.<br />

oTx sadroSod danawilebul kaxeTis<br />

samefoSi, rigiT meore, _ nekresis<br />

sadroSos miekuTvneboda gurjaanveliscixis<br />

teritoria; saqarTvelos<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saeparqio<br />

administrirebiT ki _ uZveles Weremis<br />

samRvdelmTavros.<br />

Weremis eparqia V s-Si wmida mefe<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis mier daarsebul<br />

Tormet samRvdelmTavros Soris ixsenieba.<br />

Weremis eparqia Tanamedrove<br />

gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqiis<br />

teritorias moicavda. Weremis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro kaTedra XVIII s-mde<br />

inarCunebda am mxaris (mTlianad an<br />

nawilobriv) saeparqio marTvis uflebas.<br />

oRond XI s-idan, alaverdis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavros dawinaurebis Semdeg<br />

Weremis eparqiis teritoriebi mcirdeba,<br />

Weremelis tradiciul avtoritets<br />

ki alaverdeli Caenacvla. XVIII s-is<br />

Suaxanebidan mefe Teimurazisa da mefe<br />

erekles ZalisxmeviT kaxeTi nel-nela<br />

aRorZinebis gzas daadga _ samefo<br />

karma samRvdelmTavroTa gaZlierebisaTvis<br />

kuTvnili yma-mamulebis moZieba<br />

da ukan dabruneba ganaCina. 1757 wels<br />

Sedgenili sakanonmdeblo aqti: `ganweseba<br />

Teimuraz II-isa saWeremlo samwysos<br />

mibarebis Sesaxeb~ Weremis eparqiis<br />

teritoriis mezobel samRvdelm-<br />

TavroTa _ alaverdis, bodbisa da<br />

ninowmindas _ Soris droebiT gadanawilebas<br />

ganaCinebs. Tu moiwios Jami<br />

da `inebos meufeman Cvenman qristeman<br />

mas eklesiasa Sina Tvissa episkopossa<br />

dadgroma~, yovelgvari dapirispirebis<br />

da sityvisgebis gareSe `Tvisi mamuli<br />

da samwyso da raÁca misi sargo da<br />

Semosavali iyos, yovelive mis eklesiisa<br />

da episkopossa mieces uklebad<br />

da ucilebelad da usityvelad~. qarTlis<br />

da kaxeTis mefeTa _ Teimuraz II<br />

da erekle II brZaneba da saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis iosebis locva-kurTxeva<br />

189<br />

orsaukunenaxevris Semdeg, 2003 wlis<br />

18 agvistos, gurjaanisa da veliscixis<br />

eparqiis aRdgeniT aRsrulda.<br />

gurjaanis da veliscixis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi eqvTime (leJava).<br />

35. senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia<br />

senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, istoriuli<br />

kolxeTis samefoSi, mdinare rionsa da<br />

egriswyals Soris arsebul teritoriaze<br />

_ odiSis dablobze mdebareobs.<br />

igi moicavs samegrelos qalaqebs _<br />

senaks, Cxorowyus da maT mimdebare<br />

teritorias. senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />

samRvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />

Wyondidis, dasavleTidan _<br />

zugdidisa da caiSis, foTisa da xobis,<br />

Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _ cagerisa<br />

da lentexis, Crdilo-dasavleTidan _<br />

mestiisa da zemo svaneTis, samxreTidan<br />

_ Semoqmedis eparqiebi.<br />

mociqulTa qadagebiT moqceuli am<br />

kuTxis mosaxleoba, sabolood, IV s-Si,<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg<br />

qristiandeba. gaqristianebis miuxedavad,<br />

erTmorwmune berZenTa agresia<br />

egrisis mimarTulebiT kidev ufro<br />

gamoikveTa. VI s-Si es mxare berZensparselTa<br />

saomari dapirispirebis<br />

asparezad iqca da es periodi `didi<br />

omianobis~ saxeliT aris Sesuli Cveni<br />

qveynis istoriaSi. imJamindeli egrisis<br />

upirvelesi qalaqis _ cixe-gojis<br />

dacvisTvis aqaurebs didi gmiroba<br />

gamouCeniaT da 551 wels ukuugdiaT<br />

iranelTa laSqari. VII s-is pirvel<br />

mesamedSi berZenTa keisarma heraklem<br />

(610_641) zRvispireTi saqarTvelos CamoaSora,<br />

xolo VII_VIII ss-is mijnaze<br />

arabTa Semosevebisas mtrisgan gapartaxebuli<br />

egrisis samefoc da misi<br />

dedaqalaqic droebiT maT xelSi gadavida.<br />

berZnul wyaroTa mixedviT, her-

akles Semosevebisas egrisis samefos<br />

teritoriaze arsebuli berZnuli sam-<br />

RvdelmTavroebis iurisdiqciaSi iyo<br />

moqceuli mTeli zRvispireTi. konstantinopolis<br />

politikuri da saeklesio<br />

gavlenisagan ganTavisufleba VIII s-<br />

idan daiwyo. male, afxazeTis sakaTolikosos<br />

Camoyalibebis Semdeg, mTel<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi misi iurisdiqcia<br />

gavrcelda, xolo saqarTvelos<br />

teritoriaze ZalmomreobiT dafuZnebuli<br />

berZnuli samRvdelmTavroebi qarTuliT<br />

Seicvala.<br />

Tanamedrove senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />

eparqiis teritoriis imJamindeli mosaxleoba<br />

caiSis da Wyondidis eparqiebis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi iTvleboda.<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebis Semdeg es mxare 1823 wels<br />

Camoyalibebul samegrelos eparqiaSi<br />

iyo gaerTianebuli. 1874 wlis maisis<br />

TveSi ruseTis eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

ganCinebiT gauqmebuli samegrelos<br />

eparqia imereTis eparqias miuerTes,<br />

xolo 1885 wlidan Seqmnili guria-samegrelos<br />

eparqia senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />

teritoriebsac aerTianebda.<br />

1917 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />

Semdeg ganaxlda Wyondidis<br />

eparqia, romelic mTlianad moicavda<br />

samegrelos teritorias. 1995 wels<br />

saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

gadawyvetilebiT Wyondidis eparqiis<br />

safuZvelze, misi teritoriuli gay<strong>of</strong>is<br />

Sedegad, aRdga Zveli samRvdelm-<br />

Tavroebi: zugdidisa da caiSis,foTisa<br />

da senakis da sakuTriv Wyondidis. 2003<br />

wlis 18 agvistos, saqarTvelos mar-<br />

Tlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />

krebis ganCinebiT, Wyondidis da<br />

foTi-senakis eparqiaTa xelaxali teritoriuli<br />

gadanawilebis safuZvelze<br />

Camoyalibda senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia.<br />

senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

episkoposi Sio (mujiri).<br />

190<br />

36. sxalTis eparqia<br />

sxalTis eparqia saqarTvelos<br />

samxreT-dasavleTiT, aWaris avtonomiuri<br />

respublikis mTian mxares _ zemo<br />

aWaras moicavs. aRniSnuli saxelwodebiT<br />

eparqia 2006 wlis 21 dekembers,<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

wmida sinodis krebis ganCinebiT<br />

Seiqmna, _ baTumisa da sxalTis eparqiis<br />

ganvrcobili teritoriis gadanawilebis<br />

safuZvelze. eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

Sedis qalaqebi qeda, Suaxevi<br />

da xulo TavianTi mimdebare teritoriebiT.<br />

sxalTis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />

esazRvreba axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa<br />

da lazeTis eparqia,dasavleTidan _<br />

baTumisa da qobuleTis, CrdiloeTidan<br />

_ Semoqmedis eparqiebi, samxreTis mxridan<br />

eparqiis sazRvari emTxveva saqarTvelo-TurqeTis<br />

saxelmwifo sazRvars<br />

da gasdevs WaneTisa da SavSeTis<br />

qedebs.<br />

sxalTis eparqiis momcveli teritoria<br />

istoriul-geografiulad zemo<br />

qarTlis, kerZod, mesxeTis nawils<br />

Seadgenda. es mxare aWariswylis xeobas<br />

moicavs Woroxis SesarTavamde da<br />

istoriul wyaroebSi `aWaris qveynis~,<br />

xanac `aWaris xevis~ saxeliT aris<br />

moxseniebuli. aWaris xevi or ZiriTad<br />

nawilad _ zemo aWarad anu zegnad<br />

da qvemo aWarad iy<strong>of</strong>oda. aWaris centralur<br />

nawils Suaxevi erqva. zemo<br />

aWaris centri iyo Zvelad didaWara,<br />

SuasaukuneebSi _ xixani, mogvianebiT _<br />

xulo, qvemo aWarisa _ s<strong>of</strong>. qeda. amdenad,istoriuli<br />

zemo,qvemo da centraluri<br />

aWaris kulturul-administraciuli<br />

centrebi _ Suaxevi, xulo da qeda,<br />

romelTac qristianuli saqarTvelos<br />

istoriaSi ganuzomeli funqcia Seasrules,<br />

Tanamedrove sxalTis eparqiis<br />

iurisdiqciaSi arian gaerTianebulni.<br />

es kuTxe, leonti mrovelis cnobiT, Zv.<br />

w. III s-is II naxevarSi qarTlis samefos<br />

oZrxis saerisTavoSi Sedioda.

momdevno xanaSic igi qarTlis samefos<br />

nawili iyo.<br />

qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebi da wmida saeklesio tradicia<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis qadagebas<br />

aWaris gavliT Semosul wmida andria<br />

pirvelwodebuls da mis Tanmxleb mociqulebs<br />

ukavSirebs. igi pirveli Semosvlisas<br />

oZrxe_tao-klarjeTis gziT<br />

Semosula, romelic, Tavis mxriv, trapezuntsac<br />

uerTdeboda, xolo Semdgomi<br />

Semosvlisas mas taos gziT usargeblia.<br />

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnoba andrias<br />

Semosvlas ukavSirebs saqarTveloSi<br />

pirveli eklesiebis mSeneblobas. mas<br />

trapezuntidan qarTlis qveyanaSi _ didaWarisken<br />

auRia gezi. RvTis sityvis<br />

qadagebisas mravali gansacdeli dauTmenia.<br />

im adgilas, sadac yovladwmida<br />

RvTismSoblis xati daasvena, wyarosTvali<br />

warmoCenila da Tavankara wyaro<br />

amosula. mis garSemo Semokrebili am<br />

qveynis mkvidri mosaxleoba mociquls<br />

qristes saxeliT gaunaTlia. pirveli<br />

eklesiac, yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />

saxelze, aqve auSenebiaT, sadac<br />

RvTismSoblis xati iyo dasvenebuli.<br />

amis Semdeg mociquls mTa gadauvlia,<br />

am gzaze TviTon andrias aRumarTavs<br />

rkinis jvari, amis gamo mTas dRemde<br />

`rkinis jvari~ ewodeba, oZraxis xevi<br />

Cauvlia da samcxis sazRvarTan, s<strong>of</strong>.<br />

zaden-goraSi dauvanebia, Semdeg ki sosangeTSi<br />

(dRevandeli awyuri) misula.<br />

aqac didi saswaulis aRsrulebis<br />

(gardacvlili bavSvis aRdgena) Semdeg<br />

qristes rwmenaze moqceula mosaxleoba.<br />

yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />

xelTuqmneli saswaulmoqmedi xati<br />

ukve gaqristianebul iqaur mkvidrTa<br />

TxovniT dautovebia awyurSi, imJamad<br />

aSenebul mcire ekvderSi, romelsac<br />

axla `Zveli eklesia~ ewodeba.<br />

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg,<br />

IV s-Si Tanamedrove sxalTis eparqiis<br />

teritoria erTiandeba mezobeli<br />

SavSeTis mxareSi, `tbeTis pirispir,<br />

191<br />

CrdiloT kerZ, mdinaris gaRma~ arsebul<br />

Tuxarelis samwysoSi, romlis<br />

eklesia `mefeman mirdat (mirdat V<br />

baqaris Ze, 364_379 ww.) aRaSena cixesa<br />

(Tuxarisis cixe) Sina~ (vaxuSti). V s-<br />

is 60-iani wlebidan am mxareze wmida<br />

vaxtang gorgaslis mier klarjeTSi<br />

daarsebuli da gaZlierebuli axizis<br />

eparqiis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda.<br />

droTa ganmavlobaSi aWaris xeobaze<br />

mezobel samRvdelmTavroTa uflebrivi<br />

monacvleoba qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri<br />

mdgomareobiT iyo<br />

nakarnaxevi.<br />

XVI s-is 70-ian wlebSi aWara osmalebma<br />

daipyres da igi axalcixis<br />

(Cildiris) vilaieTs miuerTes. TurqTagan<br />

Seviwroebuli aqauri mosaxleoba<br />

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxares Seexizna,<br />

mamapapeul adgilebze darCenis<br />

msurvelT qristianoba unda uareyoT<br />

da mahmadianoba mieRoT. saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi<br />

mravali gansacdelis miuxedavad,<br />

aWarlebma mSobliuri enisa da<br />

winaparTa tradiciebis SenarCuneba<br />

SeZles.<br />

1878 wlis berlinis traqtatiT,<br />

ruseT-TurqeTis omis Sedegebis Sejerebis<br />

Semdeg, aWara mahmadianuri osmaleTis<br />

gavlenisgan gaTavisuflda,<br />

Tumca carizmis reaqciuli erovnuli<br />

politikis gamo am mxareSi kulturulekonomikuri<br />

winsvla Zalze nela mimdinareobda.<br />

XX s-is 20-iani wlebidan<br />

Svidi aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi<br />

saqarTvelos upirveles qristianul<br />

keraze _ aWaraSi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos<br />

danarCen kuTxeebSi, marTlmadidebluri<br />

RvTismsaxureba Zalze<br />

SezRudulad, faqtobrivad arc ki<br />

aResruleboda.<br />

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis<br />

mopovebis Semdeg, eklesias saSualeba<br />

mieca, Tavisi misia am kuTxeSi ufro<br />

aqtiurad ganexorcielebina. gansakuTrebuli<br />

sulieri da saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

mniSvneloba hqonda sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />

locva-kurTxeviT da saqarTvelos im-<br />

Jamindeli prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias<br />

xelSewyobiT 1991 wels zemo<br />

aWaraSi _ xuloSi sasuliero saswavleblis<br />

gaxsnas. saswavlebeli zogadsaganmanaTleblo<br />

saSualo skolasa<br />

da teqnikums aerTianebda. am saqmis<br />

warmarTva da xelmZRvaneloba miendo<br />

dekanoz grigol abulaZes (amJamad<br />

sxalTis eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelm-<br />

Tavaria spiridon abulaZe). amis kvalad<br />

aqtiurad daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis<br />

aRmSeneblobisa da cxovrebis<br />

qristianuli wesis aRorZinebis xana.<br />

es procesi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />

unetaresis ilia II winamZRolobiT da<br />

ZalisxmeviT mTeli qveynis masStabiT<br />

mimdinareobs. gansakuTrebuli faqizi<br />

damokidebulebis gamomJRavneba<br />

am kuTxis _ zemo aWaris da saerTod<br />

aWaris mimarT ganpirobebulia im garemoebiT,<br />

rom TurqeTis mravalsaukunovan<br />

batonobas umtkivneulod ar Cauvlia.<br />

aqaur ZirZvel qarTvelebs ZaliT<br />

Tavs moaxvies maTTvis ucxo, mahmadianuri<br />

sarwmunoeba. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesis<br />

da unetaresis ilia II pozicia<br />

kargad aris warmoCenili mis mowodebaSi<br />

mTeli qarTuli erisadmi: `Cven ki<br />

ar unda gavaqristianoT aWara, aramed<br />

aWaram unda gaaqristianos sruliad<br />

saqarTvelo~.<br />

eris sulieri winamZRolis TvalsawieriT,<br />

umaRlesi gadasaxedidan<br />

brZnulad ganWvretili aWaris faqtori<br />

da misdami mamaSviluri damokidebulebis<br />

gamomJRavneba nimuSia mTeli<br />

qarTveli eris poziciis gamosaxatavad<br />

am kuTxis mimarT. sxalTis eparqiis Seqmnac<br />

saqarTvelos pirvelqristianuli<br />

kerisadmi am mzrunvelobis dasturia.<br />

eparqiaSi im adgilas, sadac wmida andria<br />

mociqulma pirveli qristianuli<br />

taZari aago, dagegmilia didi samonastro<br />

kompleqsis mSenebloba, romelic<br />

192<br />

ara marto saqarTvelos morwmuneebisaTvis,<br />

aramed ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva<br />

qveynis qristianTa momlocvelobis<br />

adgilad unda iqces. piligrimobis<br />

centris Seqmna am kuTxes tradiciul<br />

udides sulier da saxelmwifoebriv<br />

funqcias daubrunebs.<br />

axlad Seqmnili eparqiis iurisdiqciaSi<br />

gaerTianebuli kuTxis bolo<br />

periodis istoria srul TanxvedraSi<br />

modis mezobeli baTumisa da qobule-<br />

Tis samRvdelmTavros istoriasTan.<br />

1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

aRdgenis Semdeg ganaxlda<br />

baTumis eparqiac, romelsac baTom-<br />

Semoqmedis, mogvianebiT baTum-Semoqmedis<br />

samRvdelmTavro ewoda. aRniSnuli<br />

eparqia samxreT, samxreT-dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos (aWara, guria) da nominalurad<br />

saqarTvelos samxreT saz-<br />

Rvrebs miRma (Tanamedrove TurqeTis<br />

teritoria) arsebul qarTul provinciebs<br />

aerTianebda. 1995 wlis 5 aprils<br />

baTum-Semoqmedis ganvrcobili eparqiis<br />

safuZvelze Camoyalibda Semoqmedis<br />

da baTum-sxalTis eparqiebi, 2006 wlis<br />

21 dekembers ki baTumisa da sxalTis<br />

eparqiis teritoriuli gadanawilebis<br />

Semdeg Seiqmna baTum-qobuleTisa da<br />

sxalTis eparqiebi.<br />

sxalTis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />

yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />

spiridoni (abulaZe).<br />

37. tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia<br />

tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi, istoriuli<br />

imereTis samefos okribis mxaris<br />

nawilsa da imereTis dablobis nawils<br />

moicavs. aRniSnuli saxelwodebiT eparqia<br />

2006 wlis 21 dekembers Seiqmna<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli<br />

quTais-gaenaTis da margveT-ubisis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavro teritoriebis xelaxali<br />

gadanawilebis safuZvelze. eparqiis<br />

SemadgenlobaSi Sedis qalaqebi: tyibuli<br />

(mimdebare teritoriebis nawil-

193<br />

iT) da Terjola (srulad Terjolis<br />

raioni). tyibulisa da Terjolis sam-<br />

RvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan esaz-<br />

Rvreba saCxerisa da WiaTuris eparqia,<br />

samxreT-aRmosavleTidan _ margveTisa<br />

da ubisis, dasavleTidan _ quTais-gaenaTis,<br />

CrdiloeTidan _ nikorwmindis,<br />

samxreTidan _ vanisa da baRdaTis eparqiebi.<br />

saxelwodebebi `tyibuli~ da `Terjola~<br />

wyaroebSi mxolod XVII s-idan<br />

ixsenieba, rac Seexeba okribas, igi XI<br />

s-is werilobiT ZeglSi gvxvdeba.<br />

qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebis cnobebi mociqulTa _ andria<br />

pirvelwodebulis, svimon kananelis,<br />

mataTas _ mier fazisis iberebis<br />

gaqristianebis Sesaxeb aRniSnul mxaresac<br />

moicavs. amdenad, eparqiis teritoriaze,<br />

iseve rogorc mTlianad rionis<br />

xeobis gaswvriv, qristianobis qadageba<br />

mociqulTa dros dawyebula. mefe mirianis<br />

mier qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />

religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg am<br />

kuTxis mosaxleobac gaqristianebula.<br />

qristianuli sarwmunoebis erTgulebas<br />

eparqiis teritoriaze SemorCenili<br />

adreuli xanis eklesia-monastrebis<br />

siuxve adasturebs, aseve _ wyalwiTelas<br />

xeobaSi, arabTa winaaRmdeg gamar-<br />

Tul brZolaSi daviT da konstantine<br />

mxeiZeebis mowamebrivi aRsasruli da<br />

sxva mravali istoriuli epizodi.<br />

qristianuli sarwmunoebis adreuli<br />

xanebidanve mtkiced damkvidrebis<br />

miuxedavad, es mxare damoukidebel sam-<br />

RvdelmTavrod XVI s-mde ar Camoyalibebula.<br />

XVI s-is pirvel meoTxedSi,<br />

imereTis mefis bagrat III (1510-1565 ww.)<br />

dros quTaTelis samwysos, sakuTriv<br />

imereTis teritoriaze, ori axali eparqia<br />

_ gaenaTi da xoni _ gamoeyo.<br />

gaenaTeli mRvdelmTavris kaTedra _<br />

gelaTi `pirvelad iyo monasteri, Semdgomad<br />

hyo bagrat saepiskoposod~.<br />

pirvel gaenaTel mRvdelmTavrad mefem<br />

imereTis `kaTalikoz-episkopozTa~<br />

TanxmobiT, `dasua sayuareliZe melqisedek,<br />

...romelsa misca samwysod argueTisa<br />

naxevari da okriba, quTaTlis<br />

samwysoni~. amdenad, okriba calke eparqiad<br />

mxolod XVI s-is 30-ian wlebSi<br />

gamoeyo quTaisis eparqias da axlad<br />

Seqmnili eparqiis sakaTedro taZari<br />

gelaTis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />

saxelobis monasteri gaxda. Tumca,<br />

imave xanebSi, gelaTis monastris wmida<br />

giorgis eklesia,biWvinTidan dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikosis (evdemon<br />

CxetiZis dros, 1557_1578 ww.) rezidenciis<br />

gadmonacvlebiT, mis kaTedrad iqca.<br />

amiT gelaTSi dasavleT saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikosisa da gaenaTeli mRvdelm-<br />

Tavris kaTedrebi ganTavsda. imereTis<br />

samefos teritoriaze samRvdelmTavroTa<br />

amgvarma ganTavsebam gansxvavebuli,<br />

sruliad axleburi saeparqio-teritoriuli<br />

administracia Camoayaliba.<br />

TiTqmis ase grZeldeboda bolomde,<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

gauqmebamde. xangrZlivi<br />

drois manZilze ki, osmalebis quTais-<br />

Si Cadgomis Semdeg, gelaTi dasavleT<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikosis, sakuTriv<br />

gaenaTeli da aseve quTaTeli<br />

mRvdelmTavrebis rezidencia, kaTedra<br />

da TavSesafari iyo.<br />

mamulisa da qristianuli sarwmunoebis<br />

siwmindis dacvis mizniT,eparqiis<br />

teritoriaze aRsrulebul movlena-<br />

Tagan axlo warsulidan aRsaniSnavia<br />

tyibulis raionis s<strong>of</strong>el xresilTan<br />

gamarTuli didi brZola qarTvelTa,<br />

solomon I meTaurobiT, da osmalTa<br />

Soris 1757 wels, sadac qarTvelma mxedrobam<br />

brwyinvale gamarjveba moipova;<br />

imereTis 1819_20 ww. ajanyebaSi<br />

am kuTxis mosaxleoba aqtiurad iyo<br />

CarTuli da daufaravad gamoxatavda<br />

dasavleT saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />

SenarCunebis survils.<br />

axlad Camoyalibebuli eparqiis<br />

teritoriaze arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi<br />

adridanve mravali saeklesio<br />

siwmide iyo davanebuli.<br />

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,<br />

1917 wlis seqtemberSi gamarTul<br />

pirvel saeklesio krebaze, ganaxlebuli<br />

13 eparqiidan sami _ quTaisis, gaena-<br />

Tis da margveTis moicavda mTlianad<br />

imereTs. male quTaisisa da gaenaTis<br />

samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebi erT samwysod<br />

gaerTianda da quTais-gaenaTis<br />

eparqia ewoda. XX s-is bolomde imereTSi<br />

mxolod ori _ quTais-gaenaTisa<br />

da margveTis _ eparqia arsebobda. sruliad<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />

II ZalisxmeviT, 1995 wels quTais-gaenaTisa<br />

da margveTis eparqiaTa safuZvelze<br />

Camoyalibda xonisa da samtrediis,<br />

vanisa da baRdaTis, saCxerisa da<br />

WiaTuris eparqiebi.<br />

2006 wlis 21 dekembers ki Camoyalibda<br />

tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia.<br />

tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqiis<br />

mwyemsmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />

mitropoliti giorgi (SalamberiZe).<br />

194

ucnobi qarTuli monasteri wmida miwaze<br />

Tamila mgalobliSvili<br />

2002 wlis seqtemberSi, ierusalimis<br />

maxloblad, mis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT,<br />

s<strong>of</strong>. umleizonSi muSaobisas<br />

arqeologma jon zeligmanma mis mier<br />

aRmoCenili ucnobi monastris teritoriaze,<br />

amave monastris taZris mozaikuri<br />

iatakis qveS gaTxara kripta,<br />

sadac erT-erT samarxze Semonaxuli<br />

iyo saflavis qva warweriT (arqeologisaTvis<br />

ucnob enaze).<br />

a. w. 18 seqtembers jon zeligmanis<br />

miwveviT es ucnobi warwera vnaxeT<br />

giorgi gagoSiZem (xelovnebaTmcodne,<br />

epigrafisti), daviT cxadaZem (xelovnebaTmcodne,<br />

fotografi), laSa Jvaniam<br />

(israelSi saqarTvelos y<strong>of</strong>ili konsuli),<br />

paata gigaurma (moqandake) da<br />

me. Cvenda sasixarulod, igi aRmoCnda<br />

Zalze adreuli qarTuli warwera, romelic<br />

ase ikiTxeba:<br />

`ese samarxoÁ iohane furtavel<br />

episkoposisaY<br />

qarTvelisaÁ~<br />

paleografiuli analizis Sedegad,<br />

warwera V s-is dasasruliT an VI s-is<br />

I naxevriT SeiZleba daTariRdes. <br />

bir-el-katSi (beTlemTan) virjilio<br />

korbos mier aRmoCenil qar-<br />

Tul warwerebTan erTad, es warwera<br />

warweris paleografiuli analizi ekuTvnis<br />

g. gagoSiZes.<br />

V. Corbo and M. Tarchnishvili, Inscrizioni georgiane del<br />

monastero di S. Teodoro a Bir el Qutt (Bettlemme). -«La<br />

Terra Santa», 28, Jerusalem, 1953, 181-186; V. Corbo,<br />

Gli Scavi di Kh. Siyar el-Ghanam (Campo dei Pastori)<br />

ei monastery dei dintorni. - Pubblicazioni dello Studium<br />

195<br />

erT-erTi uZvelesia wm. miwaze.<br />

Tavdapirvelad Sevecdebi Zalze<br />

mokled mimovixilo is mcire cnobebi,<br />

romlebic wm. miwaze arabobamde qarTvelTa<br />

koloniis istorias exeba, raTa<br />

ufro naTeli gaxdes am warweris mniSvneloba<br />

ara marto qarTuli koloniis,<br />

aramed wm. miwaze adrebizantiur periodSi<br />

samonastro cxovrebis dawyebis,<br />

ganviTarebis da, saerTod, adreuli<br />

qristianobis istoriisaTvis.<br />

saqarTvelosa da wm. miwas Soris<br />

urTierTobebs qarTuli tradiciiT<br />

ocdaeqvsi saukunis istoria aqvs. magram<br />

es urTierTobebi gansakuTrebiT<br />

mWidro xdeba IV s-idan, saqarTveloSi<br />

Biblicum Franciscanum, 11, Gerusalêmme, 1955, 279-<br />

284; m. TarxniSvili, axlad aRmoCenili qarTuli<br />

monasteri beTlemSi. _ `bedi qar-<br />

Tlisa~, 16, 1954, 12-17; S. nucubiZe, qarTuli<br />

warwerebi ierusalimSi. _ gaz. `komunisti~,<br />

4. I, # 3(11309), Tbilisi, 1959; S. nucubiZe, kritikuli<br />

narkvevebi. azrovneba da Semoqmedeba,<br />

Tbilisi, 1966, 97-106, 107-124, 454-474; k. kekeliZe,<br />

uZvelesi qarTuli monasteri ierusalimis<br />

maxloblad da misi mozaikuri warwera. _ ix.<br />

misi: etiudebi,VI,Tbilisi,1960,72-80; k. kekeliZe,<br />

Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I,<br />

Tbilisi, 1980, 39,89; s. yauxCiSvili, qarTlis<br />

cxovreba,t. II,Tbilisi,1959,058-062; g. wereTeli,<br />

uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi palestinidan,<br />

Tbilisi, 1960; a. gamyreliZe, uZvelesi<br />

qarTuli warwerebis aRmoCena palestina-<br />

Si. _`literaturuli gazeTi~, 15. VI, 1956, #<br />

24(986); b. giorgaZe, palestinaSi aRmoCenili<br />

qarTuli kulturis IV-V ss. Zeglis Sesaxeb.<br />

_`sabWoTa xelovneba~, 1959, # 12, 33-38 da a.S.<br />

s. yauxCiSvili,qarTlis cxovreba,t. I,Tbilisi,<br />

1955, 72-130.

qristianobis <strong>of</strong>icialurad aRiarebis<br />

Semdeg. am periodidan dawyebuli, qarTvelebi<br />

didi gatacebiT Seudgnen<br />

qristianuli kulturis gacnobasa<br />

da axlad daarsebuli eklesiisaTvis<br />

saWiro literaturis Targmnasa da<br />

gavrcelebas. am mizniT qarTuli eklesiis<br />

moRvaweTa da qarTvel mefeTa<br />

didi mcdelobiT Seiqmna samwerlobo<br />

da mTargmnelobiTi centrebi, qarTuli<br />

kulturis mniSvnelovani kerebi rogorc<br />

saqarTveloSi, aseve mis farglebs<br />

gareTac.<br />

axlad gaqristianebuli saxelmwifos<br />

mosaxleobisaTvis gansakuTrebuli<br />

iyo palestinis wm. adgilebis moxilvisa<br />

da molocvis survili. Sedegmac<br />

ar daayovna _ rogorc Cans, IV s-is<br />

meore naxevridan palestinaSi pirveli<br />

qarTvelebi Cndebian, V_VI ss-Si ki<br />

maTi eqspansia sakmaod Zlieria. <br />

<br />

zogierTi mecnieris azriT, evagre pontoeli<br />

pirveli qarTveli beria palestinaSi. ix.<br />

r. Janeni, qarTvelebi ierusalimSi, stamboli,<br />

1921, 11; m. TarxniSvili, qarTuli xelovnebis<br />

naSTi egvipteSi. _ `bedi qarTlisa~, 11, 1952,<br />

25; M. Tarchnishvili, Il monachismo georgiano nelle sue<br />

origine e nei suoi primi sviluppi’. _ Il monachismo orientale,<br />

Roma, 1958, 307-319; k. kekeliZe, meoTxe saukunis<br />

sazRvargareTeli qarTveli moazrovne<br />

da moRvawe. _ ix. misi: etiudebi, VI, Tbilisi,<br />

1960, 5-17; J. Assfalg and P. Krüger, Kleines Wörterbuch<br />

des Christlichen Orients, Wiesbaden 1975, 139; P.N.<br />

Egender, OSB, Les Débuts du Monachisme en Palestine.<br />

Ancient Christianity in the Caucasus. _ «Iberica Caucasica»,<br />

vol. 1, London, 1998, 132; ix. aseve: s. yaux-<br />

CiSvili, georgika. bizantieli mwerlebis<br />

cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, t. VII, Tbilisi,<br />

1967, 107-117; IV s-is dasasrulsa da V s-is dasawyisSi<br />

wm. miwaze qarTvelTa moRvaweobaze<br />

unda migviTiTebdes aseve nazareTSi xarebis<br />

axali kaTolikuri eklesiis adgilas V s-<br />

is pirvel naxevramde dangreuli eklesiis<br />

Selesilobaze Sesrulebuli grafitebi, ix.<br />

z. aleqsiZe, luvri, sinas mTa, nazareTi. epigrafikuli<br />

etiudebi. _ kreb. `mneme~, Tbilisi,<br />

2000, 18-25.<br />

l. menabde, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi,<br />

t. II, Tbilisi, 1980, 20-25; iv. lolaSvili,<br />

cxovreba petre iberisa, Tbilisi, 1988, 79-203;<br />

i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli<br />

literaturis Zeglebi, wg. II, Tbilisi, 1967,<br />

213-263.<br />

Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebi mkvidrdebodnen<br />

cnobil savaneebSi, qmnidnen<br />

sakrebuloebs, aSenebdnen Camosul<br />

qarTvelTaTvis sastumro saxlebs.<br />

ierusalimis pirveli mlocvelebi<br />

iyvnen qarTuli samefo saxlisa da<br />

aristokratiis warmomadgenlebi. qarTvelebi<br />

RvTismsaxurebas TavianT<br />

mSobliur enaze asrulebdnen ara marto<br />

qarTlSi (iberia), aramed palestinaSic,<br />

sabas lavraSi, razedac mowmobs<br />

wm. saba ganwmedilis anderZic (+532<br />

w.). <br />

aqve uTuod sainteresoa aRiniSnos<br />

isic, rom V s-idan moyolebuli X s-<br />

mde,aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (iberia)<br />

RvTismsaxurebis ierusalimuri wesi<br />

moqmedebda. aseve kargad aris cnobili,<br />

rom pirveli liturgikuli wignebic<br />

(ierusalimuri leqcionari, uZvelesi<br />

iadgari da mravalTavi), romlebsac<br />

qarTuli eklesia RvTismsaxurebisas<br />

iyenebda mSobliur enaze, V_VII ssis<br />

ierusalimuri (qristes saflavis<br />

eklesiis) praqtikis amsaxveli iyo. <br />

V_VI ss-Si palestinaSi qarTvel-<br />

Ta moZraobis geografia TandaTan<br />

farTovdeba. qarTvelebs vxvdebiT ara<br />

marto ierusalimsa da mis SemogarenSi,<br />

aramed palestinis udabnoebSi im droisaTvis<br />

ukve dafuZnebul monastrebsa<br />

da lavrebSi, aseve maT mier agebul, sakuTriv,<br />

qarTul monastrebSi.<br />

wm. miwaze saqarTvelodan mosul<br />

momlocvelTa Tu mogzaurTa raodenoba,<br />

rogorc Cans, imdenad didi iyo,<br />

rom petre iberis qarTuli `cxorebis~<br />

Tanaxmad, petre iberi ara marto monas-<br />

196<br />

k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, I,<br />

38-39; l. menabde, kerebi, 26.<br />

ix. K. Kekelidze, Иерусалимски ерусалиски анонарь, Канонарь, анонарь, анонарь, и- и- и- и- и- Тифлис,191;<br />

,1912; M. van Esbroeck, Les plus anciens homéliaires<br />

géorgiens, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1975; e. metreveli,<br />

c. Wankievi, l. xevsuriani, uZvelesi iadgari,<br />

Tbilisi, 1980; T. mgalobliSvili, klarjuli<br />

mravalTavi, Tbilisi, 1991.<br />

K. Kekelidze, Канонарь; e. metreveli,c. Wankievi,l.<br />

xevsuriani,uZvelesi iadgari; T. mgalobliSvili,<br />

klarjuli mravalTavi, 165-190.

trebsa da eklesiebs aSenebda, aramed<br />

mas sastumro saxlebis aSenebac ki<br />

dasWirda wm. qalaqSi.<br />

ai,rogor gadmogvcems am faqts `cxorebis~<br />

qarTuli versia: petre iberma<br />

da ioane lazma... `aRaSenes saxli sastumroY<br />

qalaqsa Sina (igulisxmeba wm.<br />

qalaqi), da ganusuenebdes momavalTa<br />

ZmaTa qarTvelTa da berZenTa. rameTu<br />

ganhmzades ferxTa sabaneli da trapezi<br />

da sareclebi da warages zogi<br />

ganZisa mis, romel aqunda sameufoYT.<br />

da merme warvides udabnod, da<br />

Sekribnes Zmani mravlad da aRaSenes<br />

monasteri TÂsisaTÂs.~ <br />

amave qarTuli `cxorebis~ mixedviT,<br />

petre, iovane da maTi mowafeni<br />

`warviden egÂpted sanaxebTa skitisa-<br />

Ta.~ moiloces iqauroba, Semdeg gamoarCies<br />

erTi adgili da aRaSenes monasteri<br />

da eklesia. xolo Semdeg `kualad<br />

moiqces ierusalimadve da kualad<br />

aRaSenes qalaqsa Sina saxli sastumroÁ.~<br />

<br />

petre iberis asurul `cxorebaSi~,<br />

romelic pirvandeli saxiT ar<br />

gvaqvs da misi gadamuSavebuli versiaa<br />

Semonaxuli, aRniSnulia mxolod monastrebis<br />

mSenebloba da ara sastumro<br />

saxlebisa. <br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc ukve<br />

iTqva, dReisaTvis petre iberis `cxorebis~<br />

ori versiaa Semonaxuli (qar-<br />

Tuli da siriuli), mainc Zalze mwiria<br />

cnobebi ara marto am periodSi wm. miwaze<br />

moRvawe qarTvelTa Sesaxeb, aramed<br />

TviT petre iberis moRvaweobis<br />

aRsadgenadac. faqtobrivad, TviT mis<br />

mier aSenebuli monastrebis moZieba<br />

da identifikaciac ki jerjerobiT<br />

sakmaod rTuli problemaa.<br />

aseve mwiria uZvelesi qarTuli da<br />

sxvaenovani wyaroebis cnobebi, zogadad,<br />

qarTvelTa aRmSeneblobis Sesaxe-<br />

il. abulaZe, Zeglebi, II, 229.<br />

il. abulaZe, Zeglebi, II, 235.<br />

iv. lolaSvili, cxovreba petre iberisa, 79-203.<br />

197<br />

bac. raRa Tqma unda, amas obieqturi<br />

safuZvelic gaaCnia, bevri ram gaqra<br />

da ganadgurda sparselTa Semosevisa<br />

(VI s.) Tu arabTa batonobis Sedegad<br />

(VII_XI ss.). ase rom, arabobamdeli periodis<br />

qristianuli Zeglebis migneba<br />

Tu maTi raobis dadgena dRes sakmaod<br />

rTuli problemaa Tanamedrove mecnierebisaTvis.<br />

am mxriv gansakuTrebul interess<br />

iwvevs qarTveli mogzaurisa da mecnieris<br />

_ timoTe gabaSvilis (XVIII s.)<br />

cnobebi wm. jvris monastris kedlis<br />

mxatvrobis Sesaxeb, romlebic misi `mimoslvis~<br />

teqstSia daculi. <br />

1758 wels wm. miwaze mogzaurobisas,<br />

timoTe gabaSvilma wm. jvris monaster-<br />

Si ixila qarTvel wm. mamaTa da mowameTa<br />

jgufuri gamosaxuleba warwerebiTurT.<br />

maTi naSTi nikoloz CubinaSvilsac<br />

(XX s.) unaxavs. mniSvnelovania<br />

aRiniSnos, rom am jgufuri gamosaxulebidan<br />

mTeli rigi istoriuli<br />

pirebis identifikacia SesaZlebelia,<br />

magram nawili aq CamoTvlili mamebisa<br />

savsebiT ucnobia. el. metrevelis<br />

varaudiT, imis gamo, rom am pirTa saxelebi<br />

ar dasturdeba qarTul liturgikul<br />

da hagiografiul ZeglebSi,maTi<br />

popularoba, rogorc Cans, palestinis<br />

qarTuli koloniis sazRvrebs ar<br />

gascdenia. xolo maTi mouxsenebloba<br />

ierusalimis jvris monastris saaRape<br />

krebulSi,albaT,imaze unda metyvelebdes,<br />

rom isini im periodis moRvaweni<br />

unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyvnen, rodesac jer kidev<br />

wesad ar iyo qarTvel moRvaweTa Rvawlis<br />

werilobiTi fiqsacia. rogorc<br />

el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili – ,,mimoslva’”,<br />

Tbilisi, 1956, 85-86; el. metreveli, masalebi<br />

ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis istoriisaTvis,<br />

Tbilisi, 1962, 60.<br />

el. metreveli,timoTe gabaSvili,– ,,mimoslva”,<br />

82-86; el. metreveli, masalebi, 59-68.<br />

Н. Чубинов, Описание Крестного Монастыря близ Иерусалима.<br />

- Сведения, т. , , вып. , , III, , 45-4. 45-4. 45-46. 45-4.<br />

el. metreveli, masalebi, 60-61; ix. aseve ioane<br />

batoniSvili, kalmasoba, II, 184.<br />

el. metreveli, masalebi, 60-61.

cnobilia, es tradicia ierusalimur<br />

qarTul TemSi SedarebiT gvian, XI s-<br />

idan damkvidrda, proxore SavSelis<br />

mier wm. jvris monastris aSenebis Semdgom<br />

da pirveli, vinc am krebulSi<br />

moixsenieba proxore SavSelia, monastris<br />

aRmaSenebeli, mis mier gaweuli<br />

didi Rvawlis gamo. Tumca aseve ver<br />

gamovricxavT imasac, rom ierusalimis<br />

qarTuli koloniis istoriis amsaxveli<br />

masalebi aseve ganadgurebuliyo<br />

arabobis Jams.<br />

ai, timoTe gabaSvilis mier jvris<br />

monasterSi dafiqsirebuli wm. mamebisa<br />

da mowameTa saxelebi, romlebic Sesa-<br />

Zlebelia V_X ss-Si moRvaweobdnen wm.<br />

miwaze:<br />

`mRvdelmowame mose qarTveli<br />

mari mRvdelmowame qarTveli<br />

episkoposi kind qarTveli<br />

episkoposi nunus qarTveli~ <br />

am siidan arc erTi saxeli ar Cans<br />

qarTul wyaroebSi. erT-erTi maTgani<br />

mxolod somxur wyaroSi dasturdeba:<br />

VII s-is palestinis monastrebis aRwerilobaSi<br />

somexi avtori somxur<br />

monastrebTan erTad asaxelebs netari<br />

kindis monasters iodasafis udabnos<br />

misasvlelTan. xsenebuli somxuri wyaros<br />

gamomcemeli R. aliSani netari<br />

kindis Sesaxeb verafers ambobs garda<br />

imisa, rom misi varaudiT, igi SeiZleba<br />

IV s-is meore naxevris moRvawe iyos,<br />

wm. nerses mowafe. dReisaTvis, ra Tqma<br />

unda, Zalze Znelia zemoxsenebuli ori<br />

kindis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, magram<br />

amjerad, albaT, isic sainteresoa, rom<br />

VII s-is somxur wyaroSi dafiqsirebulia<br />

netari kindi da misi saxelobis<br />

monasteri.<br />

el. metreveli, masalebi, 61; ix. jvris monastris<br />

koleqciis xelnaweri ier. 24-25; R.<br />

Blake, Catalogue de manuscrits géorgiens de la bibliothèque<br />

patriarchal grécque de Jérusalem. - «Revue de<br />

l’Orient Chrétien», 4, 24, 4, 194. 1924. 194.<br />

el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili _ `mimoslva~,<br />

85-86; el. metreveli, masalebi, 60.<br />

Archive de L’Orient Latin, II, Paris, 1884, 394-399.<br />

198<br />

bunebrivia, wm. jvris monastris qarTvel<br />

wm. mamaTa da mowameTa sia sruli<br />

ar aris. amaze metyvelebs Tundac is,<br />

rom samuel qarTveli episkoposis saxeli<br />

zemoxsenebul siaSi ar Cans. magram<br />

misi saxeli dasturdeba berZnulenovani<br />

saflavis qvaze, romelic wm. qalaqis<br />

galavnis gareT SemTxveviT aRmoCnda<br />

mSeneblobisas. samuel episkoposis<br />

monasteri, warweris mixedviT, daviTis<br />

koSkTan mdebareobda, iafos karibWes-<br />

Tan, xolo TviT warwera samuzeumo pasportis<br />

mixedviT V_VII ss-iT TariRdeba<br />

da dRes,ierusalimSi, rokfeleris<br />

muzeumSia daculi (Tumca Cemi varaudiT,<br />

warweris wakiTxva da misi TariRi,<br />

albaT, ufro dasazustebelia).<br />

amrigad, cxadia, rom V s-idan qarTvelebi<br />

sakmaod iyvnen wm. miwaze.<br />

amas adasturebs ara marto petre<br />

iberis `cxorebis~ qarTul-siriuli<br />

versiebi, aramed zemoaRniSnuli jvris<br />

monastris dReisaTvis ganadgurebuli<br />

kedlis mxatvrobis mniSvnelovani<br />

nawilic, romelic timoTe gabaSvilis<br />

aRwerilobiT aris SemorCenili. <br />

amasve adasturebs wm. gerasime iordanelisa<br />

da misi monastris Sesaxeb<br />

Semonaxuli ramdenime bizantiuri wyaroc,<br />

romelTa mixedviTac iudeisa<br />

da iordanes udabnoSi moRvawe berebs<br />

Soris jvarosnebamde da jvarosan-<br />

Ta Semdegac iyvnen qarTveli (iberieli)<br />

berebi, mesveteebic ki, romlebic<br />

gamorCeulni iyvnen Tavisi rwmeniTa da<br />

RmrTisadmi msaxurebiT. maTTan kontaqts,<br />

miaxloebasac ki morwmuneTaTvis<br />

didi sulieri sargebeli mohqonda.<br />

aqvea cnobebi im qarTveli berebis<br />

Sesaxebac, romlebic kalamonSi cxovrobdnen.<br />

gansakuTrebiT aRniSnulia<br />

maTi Rvawli kalamonis monastrisa da<br />

J.H. Iliffe, Cemeteries and a Monastery at the Y.M.C.A.,<br />

Jerusalem, QDAP 4, 1935, 78-80; Y. Israeli, D. Mevorah,<br />

Cradle <strong>of</strong> Christianity, Jerusalem, 2000, 173, 224.<br />

Y. Israeli, D. Mevorah, Cradle <strong>of</strong> Christianity, 173, 224.<br />

el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili _ `mimoslva~,<br />

82-83.

iordanes udabnoSi wm. gerasime iordanelis<br />

saxelTan dakavSirebuli wm.<br />

adgilebis gadasarCenad, rac maTTvis<br />

SesaZlebeli iyo mamluqebTan da baRdadis<br />

xalifebTan kargi urTierTobis<br />

gamo. aseve Semonaxulia cnobebi kalamonis<br />

monastris kedlebze qarTuli<br />

warwerebis arsebobis Sesaxeb jvarosnebamdel<br />

periodSiac ki. <br />

palestinis udabnoebSi qarTvel-<br />

Ta moRvaweoba did interess iwvevda<br />

mudam qarTvelologiur Tu adreul<br />

qristianobaze momuSave samecniero<br />

wreebSi, gansakuTrebiT, albaT, iudeis<br />

udabno unda gamoiyos. aq samonastro<br />

cxovrebis dawyebisTanave, ukve IV s-<br />

idan iudeis udabnoSi ganmartoeba<br />

Tu damkvidreba _ monastrebisa da<br />

lavrebis dafuZneba yvela erovnebis<br />

qristianisaTvis udidesi pativi da<br />

ocneba iyo. V s-idan moyolebuli ki,<br />

iudeis udabno, qristianul samyaroSi,<br />

faqtobrivad, samonastro cxovrebis<br />

umniSvnelovanes centrad gadaiqca.<br />

imis gamo, rom am periodis amsaxveli<br />

werilobiTi wyaroebi Zalze cotaa<br />

Semonaxuli, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />

arqeologias eniWeba. iudeis udabnoSi<br />

arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dawyeba<br />

1928 wlidan britaneli istorikosis<br />

derves SCitis saxels ukavSirdeba. <br />

Semdeg aq muSaobdnen cnobili franciskeli<br />

mecnierebi: virjilio korbo<br />

da belarmino bagati. 1967 wlidan ki<br />

ukve israeleli arqeologebi iwyeben<br />

aqtiur muSaobas da STambeWdav Sede-<br />

J. Wilkinson, J. Hill, W.F. Ryan, Jerusalem Pilgrimage,<br />

1099-1185, London, 1988, 330-331; St. Gerasimus Jordanian<br />

and his Holy Monastery, Larnaca, Cyprus, 2001<br />

(in Greek).<br />

St. Gerasimus Jordanian, 45.<br />

D.J. Chitty, A.H.M. Jones, The Church <strong>of</strong> St. Euthymius<br />

at Khan el-Ahmar, near Jerusalem. - PEFQS, 1928, 175-<br />

178; D.J. Chitty, Excavations at the Monastery <strong>of</strong> St. Euthymius.<br />

- PEFQS, 1930, 43-7; 150-153; D.J. Chitty, The<br />

Monastery <strong>of</strong> Euthymius. - PEFQS, 1932, 188-203; Y.<br />

Hirschfeld, The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine<br />

Period, 1992, 2-6.<br />

ix. Y. Hirschfeld, The Judean Desert, 6.<br />

199<br />

gebsac aRweven. marTalia, es gaTxrebi<br />

Zalze masStaburad mimdinareobda da<br />

mimdinareobs, magram, samwuxarod, qar-<br />

Tuli Zeglebis specialuri kvleva aq,<br />

faqtobrivad, arasodes xdeboda.<br />

am mxriv, ierusalimis maxloblad,<br />

iudeis udabnos dasawyisSi, Tanamedrove<br />

arabul s<strong>of</strong>el umleizonSi<br />

jon zeligmanis mier gamovlenili<br />

masala sruliad unikaluria. faqtobrivad,<br />

jon zeligmanis mier dRemde<br />

ucnobi qarTuli monastris aRmoCenis<br />

faqti virjilio korbos mier bir-elkatSi<br />

petre iberis monastris aRmoCenis<br />

tolfasia da mas, udavod, didi<br />

mniSvneloba unda mieniWos. piradad<br />

CvenTvis ki, qarTveli mecnierebisaTvis,<br />

didi bednierebaa, rom am aRmoCenis<br />

monawileni gavxdiT.<br />

axla, rac Seexeba warweras:<br />

warwera paleografiuli analizis<br />

safuZvelze V s-is dasasruliTa da VI<br />

s-is dasawyisiT TariRdeba; mis arqaulobaze<br />

unda metyvelebdes aseve masSi<br />

Semonaxuli saxelic _ `iohane~.<br />

uZvelesi qarTuli werilobiTi<br />

Zeglebis kvlevis Sedegad dRes savsebiT<br />

dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />

am saxelis forma _ `iohane~ _ qarTul<br />

teqstebSi V s-idan VII s-is naxevramde<br />

dasturdeba (ix. xanmeti leqcionari,<br />

xanmeti mravalTavi, xanmeti oTxTavi<br />

da a. S.). mxolod VII s-is meore naxevridan<br />

Cndeba forma _ `ioane~. <br />

ase rom, Cvens warweraSi damowmebuli<br />

forma _ `iohane~ _ am warweris<br />

arqaulobaze metyvelebs da, Sesabamisad,<br />

mis TariRs V_VII ss-s Soris aTavsebs.<br />

qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi<br />

wyaroebidan adrebizantiuri periodis<br />

(IV_VIII ss.) palestinaSi moRvawe qarTvelTa<br />

Soris ucnobia iohane fur-<br />

ix. Y. Hirschfeld, The Judean Desert, 6; ix. aseve: E.<br />

Stern, The New Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> Archaeological Excavations<br />

in the Holy Land, Jerusalem, 1993, 1,2, 3, 4.<br />

e. WeliZe, Zveli qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo<br />

terminologia, I, Tbilisi, 1996, 286-291.

tavel episkoposis saxeli.<br />

umleizonis warweraSi gansakuTrebul<br />

interess iwvevs iohane qarTveli<br />

episkoposis zedwodeba `furtaveli~.<br />

iohane furtavel episkoposTan<br />

dakavSirebiT qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis<br />

maSinve Cndeba cduneba, igi ioane<br />

curtavel episkoposis (V s.) saxelTan<br />

gaaigivos. Tumca, Cemi azriT, `curtavi~<br />

da `furtavi~ sruliad gansxvavebuli<br />

saxelwodebebia, romelTagan pirveli<br />

saqarTvelos ukavSirdeba, meore ki _<br />

palestinas. `curtavis~ etimologia<br />

dRemde bundovania, `furtavi~ ki, Cemi<br />

varaudiT, wm. miwaze arsebuli, adgilobrivi<br />

_ semituri _ warmoSobis saxeli<br />

unda iyos. es faqti gamonakliss ar<br />

warmoadgens wm. miwis qarTuli koloniis<br />

istoriisaTvis, sadac dasturdeba<br />

ara marto sakuTriv qarTuli warmoebis<br />

saxelebi,rogoricaa,mag.,devTubani<br />

(kompoziti), aramed semituri warmoSobisac,<br />

mag., dertavi/deltavi, dertufa<br />

(aseve kompozitebi). <br />

vfiqrob,Cems varauds ganamtkicebs<br />

isic,rom warweris teqstSi iohane furtavel<br />

episkoposis saxelTan miTiTebulia<br />

misi erovnebac: `qarTvelisaÁ~. am<br />

SemTxvevaSi, konkretulad, xsenebuli<br />

saxelis _ `qarTvelisaÁs~ _ qveS, Cemi<br />

fiqriT, mxolod da mxolod iberieli<br />

ivaraudeba, e. i. warmoSobiT qarTveli,<br />

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saxelmwifos<br />

(iberiis) mkvidri. amasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />

uTuod mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos,<br />

rom es gaxlavT am terminis, e.i. `qarTvelis~<br />

uZvelesi damowmeba. qarTul<br />

werilobiT wyaroebSi igi mxolod VII<br />

ix. il. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli<br />

literaturis Zeglebi, wg. I, Tbilisi, 1964,<br />

11-29.<br />

T. ceraZe, devTubani – qarTvelTa samoRvaweo<br />

ucnobi kera wm. miwaze. _ `mravalTavi~, XX,<br />

Tbilisi, 2003, 179-182.<br />

ix. el. metreveli, dertavisa da deretufas<br />

xelnawerebis irgvliv. _ aRmosavluri<br />

filologia, IV, Tbilisi, 1976, 74-89; el. metreveli,<br />

masalebi, 174.<br />

s-idan Cndeba. vfiqrob,es faqti ucnaurad<br />

ar unda mogveCvenos, radgan TviT<br />

Cveni erovnuli welTaRricxvac _`qarTuli<br />

dasabamidan” saqarTveloSi IX<br />

s-idan Cndeba, wm. miwaze ki ukve V_VI<br />

ss-idan dasturdeba <br />

Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts,<br />

rom monasteri qarTulia, monastris<br />

kriptaSi sxva samarxTagan gamoy<strong>of</strong>ilia<br />

da sruli pativiT aris dakrZaluli<br />

qarTveli episkoposi iohane, romlis<br />

saflavis qvis warwerac qarTulenovania,<br />

maSin savsebiT gaugebaria, ratom gaxda<br />

saWiro qarTuli monastris qarTulenovani<br />

saflavis warweraSi qarTveli<br />

episkoposis erovnebis ganmarteba. xom ar<br />

ukavSirdeba es iohane episkoposis zedwodebis<br />

problemas. zedwodeba `furtaveli~<br />

saqarTveloSi miRebul saxelwodebas<br />

rom warmoadgendes, xolo Tavad iohane<br />

episkoposi ki saqarTvelos romelime<br />

kuTxeSi arsebuli monastris episkoposi<br />

y<strong>of</strong>iliyo,am SemTxvevaSi xsenebul warweraSi<br />

episkoposis erovnebis dafiqsireba<br />

qarTuli monastris qarTul warweraSi<br />

CemTvis auxsnelia. magram,Tu vivaraudebT,<br />

rom es zedwodeba (`furtaveli~) wm. miwaze<br />

SeZenilia da, Tanac, araqarTuli<br />

warmoSobisaa,maSin,albaT,ufro gasagebi<br />

gaxdeba ucxoenovani saxelis mqone qarTuli<br />

monastris qarTul warweraSi<br />

qarTveli episkoposis warmomavlobis<br />

dafiqsireba.<br />

am warwerisgan gansxvavebiT,samuel<br />

qarTveli episkoposis berZnulenovani<br />

saflavis qvis warweraSi samuel episkoposis<br />

qarTvelobis (iberielobis)<br />

200<br />

d. musxeliSvili, qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodebis<br />

istoriisaTvis. _ kr.: saqarTvelosa<br />

da qarTvelebis aRmniSvneli ucxouri da<br />

qarTuli terminologia, Tbilisi, 1993, 337-376;<br />

d. musxeliSvili, qarTvelTa eTnogenezis<br />

problemisaTvis. _ qarTveli xalxis eTnogenezi,<br />

Tbilisi, 2002,5-17.<br />

L.Segni, The Beit Safafa Inscription Reconsidered and the<br />

Question <strong>of</strong> a Local Era in Jerusalem. _ Israel Exploration<br />

Journal, v.43, 1993, 157-: L. D. Segni, A <strong>Georgia</strong>n<br />

Chronological system in the sixth-century Jerusalem,<br />

1997, 1-8, gamouqveynebeli.

miTiTeba, Cemi fiqriT, savsebiT gasagebia<br />

da ai, ratom:<br />

Tavdapirvelad moviyvan samuel<br />

episkoposis saflavis berZnulenovani<br />

warweris teqstis Targmans:<br />

`ese samarxi samuel qarTveli (ber-<br />

Zn. iberieli) episkoposisa, romelic<br />

iyo daviTis koSkSi qarTvelTa (iber-<br />

Ta) mier SeZenili qarTvelTa (iberTa)<br />

monastris episkoposi~. <br />

vfiqrob naTelia, rom am warweraSi<br />

saubaria petre iberis mier wm. qalaqSi,<br />

daviTis koSkTan daarsebul iberTa monasterze,<br />

magram samuel episkoposis samarxi<br />

saflavis warweriani qviT aRmoCenil<br />

iqna daviTis koSkis maxloblad, wm.<br />

qalaqis, iafos karibWis gareT, saerTo<br />

qristianul sasaflaoze. am SemTxvevaSi,<br />

savsebiT gasagebia, rom monastrisa da,<br />

saerTod, Zveli qalaqis kedlis gareT<br />

arsebul sasaflaoze saflavis qvaze<br />

warwera berZnul enaze gakeTebuliyo,<br />

rac bunebrivia qristianuli palestinisaTvis.<br />

gasagebia isic, rom am ber-<br />

Znulenovan teqstSi aseve dafiqsirebuliyo<br />

ara marto episkoposis saxeli da<br />

erovneba, aramed miTiTebuli y<strong>of</strong>iliyo<br />

TviT monastris adgilmdebareoba da<br />

misi saxelic _ qarTvelTa (iberTa).<br />

am ori qarTveli episkoposis saflavis<br />

qvebis warweraTa gaTvaliswinebis<br />

Sedegad umleizonis warweraSi dadasturebuli<br />

iohane qarTveli episkoposis<br />

zedwodeba `furtaveli~ ufro adgilobrivi<br />

_ semituri _ warmoSobisad<br />

meCveneba. es zedwodeba, albaT, furtavidan<br />

aris nawarmoebi, rac, SesaZlebelia,<br />

monastris saxeli iyo, Tumca verc<br />

imas gamovricxav, rom igi, TavisTavad,<br />

am adgilTan dakavSirebuli Zveli toponimidanac<br />

momdinareobdes.<br />

Tumca aqve arsebobda aseve garkveuli<br />

cduneba,rom umleizonis warweraSi<br />

moxseniebuli `furtaveli~ episkoposi<br />

`epistoleTa wignSi~ dasaxelebuli<br />

`forTis~ (somx. porta) episkoposTan<br />

damekavSirebina. `forTis~ episkoposis<br />

Y. Israeli, D. Mevorah, Cradle <strong>of</strong> Christianity, 173.<br />

201<br />

xseneba Semonaxulia abraam somexTa<br />

kaTalikosis,kiron qarTlis kaTolikosisadmi<br />

miweril mesame epistoleSi, sadac<br />

mocemulia qarTvelTa, kavkasiel<br />

albanelTa da sivnielTa episkoposebis<br />

sia, romlebic dvinis 506 wlis krebas<br />

eswrebodnen. magram imis gamo, rom am<br />

epistoles somxuri teqstis safuZvlad<br />

gamoyenebulia misi somxuri wyaros _<br />

dvinis krebis `pirobis wignis~ _ ber-<br />

Znuli Targmani, nacvlad dakarguli<br />

somxuri originalisa, xsenebul epistoleSi<br />

Zalze damaxinjebulia saepiskoposoTa<br />

saxelebi da bevri maTganis,<br />

iseve rogorc `forTis~ saepiskoposos<br />

identifikacia sruliad SeuZlebelia. <br />

yovelive amis gamo, `furtavi~,<br />

`furtavelis~ etimologiis Ziebisas<br />

Cemi yuradReba SevaCere mxolod or<br />

semitur sityvaze, romelTagan<br />

erTia _ ebr. Phura _ sawnaxeli,WurWeli,<br />

romelSiac yurZeni fexiT iwureba;<br />

meore ki _ aram. Phurta _ patara,<br />

mcire (dididan gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili mcire er-<br />

Teuli, nawili).<br />

ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:<br />

1. ebr. Phura _ sawnaxeli <br />

Tu qarTuli furtavis warmoqmnis<br />

safuZvlad miviCnevT ebr. Phura-s, maSin<br />

unda moiZebnos furtavis meore nawilis<br />

_ tav-is wyaro. vfiqrob, am SemTxvevaSi<br />

es SeiZleba iyos arameuli tav, rac wmidas,<br />

kargs, kurTxeuls niSnavs. <br />

Tu davuSvebT, rom qarTuli `furtavi~<br />

kompozitia, romelic Sedgenilia<br />

ebraul-arameuli sityvebisagan Phura +<br />

Tav, sadac Phura-Si bolokiduri a qar-<br />

TulisaTvis bunebrivad amovardeba, ma-<br />

Sin miviRebT Phurtav-s _ qarT. furtavi,<br />

rac,albaT,niSnavda wm. sawnaxels an wm.<br />

sawnaxelis adgils, saidanac SeiZleba<br />

nawarmoebi iyos monastris saxelic.<br />

z. aleqsiZe, epistoleTa wigni, Tbilisi, 1968, 97.<br />

z. aleqsiZe, epistoleTa wigni, 161-162.<br />

A. Even-Shoshan, Explanatory Dictionary, Jerusalem, 1999;<br />

F.A. Shapiro, Ivrit-Russian Dictionary, Moscow, 1963.<br />

J. Rayne Smith D.D., A Compendious Syriac. Dictionary<br />

founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus, Oxford, 1973.

amasTan dakavSirebiT uTuod mniSvnelovania<br />

aRiniSnos, rom Phura bibliaSi<br />

ramdenjerme gvxvdeba sawnaxlis<br />

mniSvnelobiT. moviyvan mxolod erT<br />

magaliTs _ esaia 63, 2-3:<br />

`ratom aris wiTeli Seni talavari<br />

da Seni samoseli sawnaxelSi dawuruliviT?<br />

me marto vwuravdi Rvinos da xalx-<br />

Tagan aravin iyo CemTan. vwuravdi Cemi<br />

risxvisas da vwnexavdi Cemi mZvinvarebisas,da<br />

misi sisxli moesxura Cems samosels<br />

da SevbRale Cemi talavari~. <br />

sainteresoa, rom bibliis zogier-<br />

Ti komentatoris azriT, sawnaxelsa da<br />

masSi yurZnis wurvas simboluri mniSvneloba<br />

unda hqondes, rac gulisxmobs<br />

RmrTis mtrebis dasjas. <br />

vfiqrob, SeiZleba swored am simboluri<br />

mniSvnelobis gavleniT gvxvdeba<br />

ebr. Phura (sawnaxeli) Semdegi<br />

arabizebuli toponimebis ZirebSi, rogoricaa:<br />

Kh. el Fureihiyye (boloSi damatebuli<br />

aqvs arabuli warmomavlobis sufiqsi).<br />

es toponimi niSnavs sawnaxlis nangrevebs.<br />

aq aris mavzoleumi, igi mdebareobs<br />

samariaSi. <br />

meore aris Kh. Fureir _ fureiris<br />

nangrevebi.<br />

orive toponimis Ziri aris Phur (Phr,<br />

Fr). sainteresoa isic, rom arqeologiuri<br />

gaTxrebis Sedegad jon zeligmanma<br />

am adgilze daadastura aseve adreromauli<br />

periodis ebrauli kvalic.<br />

iqneb, am adgils ebraelTaTvis, marTlac,<br />

es saxeli _ `furtavi~, rogorc<br />

wm. sawnaxlis adgili erqva, romelic<br />

arabobis Semdgom Semogvinaxa mxolod<br />

qarTulma warweram.<br />

А.П. Лопухин, Толковая библия, , , Петербург, 1987, 197, 197,<br />

526-527.<br />

А.П. Лопухин, Толковая библия, , , 5-57. 526-527. 5-57.<br />

Y. Tsafrir, L. Di Segni, J. Green, Tabula Imperii Romani, Iudaea-Palaestina.<br />

Maps and Gazetteer, Jerusalem, 1994, 125.<br />

Y. Tsafrir, L. Di Segni, J. Green, Tabula Imperii Romani, 125.<br />

202<br />

Tu es varaudi simarTlesTan axlos<br />

aris, maSin SeiZleba gvefiqra, rom palestinaSi<br />

erT-erTi qarTuli monastris<br />

saxeli _ `dertavic~ kompozits warmoadgens,<br />

arabuli Dār, Deir-is da arameuli<br />

tav-isagan Sedgenils, rac unda niSnavdes<br />

wmida (kurTxeul) monasters. <br />

axla, rac Seexeba meore varauds:<br />

esaa arameuli Phurta _ mcire, patara<br />

nawili (dididan, mTelidan gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili<br />

mcire). <br />

es sityva ver davadasture biblia-<br />

Si. Tu am aram. sityvas _ Phurta-s davuSvebT<br />

qarTuli `furtavis~ wyarod, ma-<br />

Sin qarTuli `furtavi~, aram. Phurta-dan<br />

momdinare, unda niSnavdes patara, mcire<br />

monasters, romelic romeliRac didisagan<br />

iyo gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili calke erTeulad.<br />

aqedan ki `furtavelis~ miReba qarTulisaTvis<br />

Zalze martivia. Tu monasters<br />

erqva `furta~, maSin misi episkoposi<br />

iqneboda furta-el-i episkoposi,<br />

sadac bolokodur a-sa da el sufiqss<br />

Soris qarTulis niadagze bunebrivad<br />

SeiZleba gaCndes v-ini, ris Sedegadac<br />

viRebT `furtavel~ episkoposs.<br />

uTuod mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvnac,<br />

rom Furt (Frt) ZiriT nawarmoebi toponimic<br />

dadasturebulia palestinaSi (ix. Furt). <br />

Tu es varaudi misaRebia, maSin<br />

aseve SeiZleba iyos nawarmoebi erTi<br />

bizantiuri monastris berZnuli saxelwodeba<br />

`katamoni~; berZn. katav-monhvdan<br />

imave mniSvnelobiT _ gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili,<br />

individualuri erTeuli, e. i. patara<br />

monasteri. garkveul periodSi es<br />

monasteric qarTvelebs ekuTvnodaT, <br />

dRes ki igi ierusalimis berZnuli<br />

el. metreveli, dertavisa da dertufas xelnawerebis<br />

irgvliv,74-78.<br />

A. Even-Shoshan, Explanatory Dictionary.<br />

Y. Tsafrir, L. Di Segni, J. Green, Tabula Imperii Romani, 125.<br />

D.D. Lampe, A Patristic Greek Lexicon.<br />

el. metreveli, masalebi, 89. Johannes Pahlitzsch,<br />

Die Bedeutung Jerusalems für das Königtum und Kirche<br />

in Georgien zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge im Vergleich zu Armenien.<br />

_ L’idea di Gerusalêmme nella spiritualità Cristiana<br />

del medioevo, Città del Vaticano, 2003, 104-131.

sapatriarqos kuTvnilebaa.<br />

`katamonis~ saxelwodebasTan dakav-<br />

SirebiT SeiZleba saintereso iyos imis<br />

aRniSvnac,rom es monasteri ierusalimis<br />

wm. jvris monastris daqvemdebarebaSi<br />

iyo wm. nikolozis monasterTan erTad<br />

(es ukanaskneli wm. jvris monastris maxloblad<br />

mdebareobda da dRes savsebiT<br />

ganadgurebulia). samive monasteri erTmaneTTan<br />

4_5 km-is radiusis fargleb-<br />

Si mdebareobda da marTlac SeiZleba<br />

vivaraudoT, rom `katamons~ es saxeli<br />

darqmeoda, rogorc wm. jvris monastris<br />

daqvemdebarebaSi my<strong>of</strong> mcire erTeuls.<br />

vfiqrob, analogiuri viTareba Sei-<br />

Zleba vivaraudoT `furtavTan~ dakav-<br />

SirebiTac. es axlad aRmoCenili monasteri,<br />

faqtobrivad, petre iberis or<br />

monasters Soris (erTi _ daviTis koSk-<br />

Tan, iafos karibWesTan, meore ki _ birel-katSi)<br />

mdebareobs, daaxl. 4_5 km-is<br />

radiusiT da iqneb, isic petre iberis<br />

monastris ganStoebas warmoadgenda<br />

da amitomac daerqva mas es saxeli.<br />

aqve unda aRvniSno isic, rom furtaveli<br />

episkoposi, rogorc Cans, erTi<br />

monastris episkoposia,iseve rogorc zemoxsenebuli<br />

samuel episkoposi (rac,Cemi<br />

varaudiT, am periodis palestinisaTvis<br />

gamonakliss ar warmoadgens).<br />

dabolos, Cem mier ganxiluli<br />

TiToeuli varianti, jerjerobiT, mxolod<br />

varaudebis doneze rCeba da, ra<br />

Tqma unda, Sors aris konkretuli<br />

daskvnebisagan. magram umleizonSi ga-<br />

Txrebis gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi, imedi<br />

maqvs, Cems msjelobas uTuod ufro<br />

myari safuZveli miecema.<br />

el. metreveli, masalebi, 145.<br />

203

204

omis papis ioane-pavle II da sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />

Sexvedra saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da kulturis<br />

warmomadgenlebTan 1999 wlis 9 noembers<br />

akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis gamosvla<br />

Tqveno aRmatebulebav batono prezidento,<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqo,<br />

qalbatonebo, batonebo!<br />

dRes mTeli ganaTlebuli qarTveli sazogadoebrioba udidesi<br />

mowiwebiT egebeba Cveni saukunis gamorCeul moRvawes, vatikanis qalaqsaxelmwifos<br />

suverens, sruliad kaTolikuri eklesiis pirvelmsaxurs,<br />

mis uwmidesobas romis paps ioane-pavle meores.<br />

qristianobis mesame aTaswleulis mijnaze qristianuli qveynebis<br />

monaxuleba sarwmunoebis umaRles msaxurTa mier Cveni rwmenis mravalsaukunovan<br />

istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebis movlenad unda<br />

CaiTvalos, rasac ara mxolod da ara imdenad wminda konfesiuri, ramdenadac<br />

udidesi sazogadoebriv-politikuri da Rrma kulturul-istoriuli<br />

mniSvneloba eniWeba.<br />

Cveni saukunis damlevs qarTveloba zeimiT aRniSnavs saqarTvelos<br />

saxelmwifoebriobis 3000 wlisTavs. amave dros, Cven, qarTvelebi, uZvelesi<br />

qristianuli eri varT, warmomadgenlebi aRmosavluri _ marTlmadidebluri<br />

_ qristianobisa.<br />

aRmosavluri qristianoba, gansxvavebiT dasavluri qristianobisagan,<br />

xasiaTdeboda imiT, rom igi qristianobas Tavidanve avrcelebda adgilobrivi,<br />

erovnuli enebisa da kulturebis safuZvelze.<br />

am movlenam gamoiwvia is, rom aRmosavlur kulturul arealSi<br />

qristianobis miRebasTan erTad imTaviTve iwyeboda saRmrTo wignebis<br />

Targmna da RvTismsaxureba erovnul, mSobliur enebze. swored es iyo<br />

aRmosavlur qristianobaSi erovnebisa da erovnuli kulturebis Camoyalibebis<br />

ganmsazRvreli faqtori.<br />

Sua saukuneebis Cveni didi mwerlisa da moRvawis giorgi merCules<br />

TqmiT: `qarTlad friadi queyanaÁ aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa<br />

eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locvaÁ yoveli aResrulebis~. es principi<br />

Cvens qveyanaSi qristianobis miRebis pirvelsave saukuneebidan moqmedebda<br />

da warmarTavda da gansazRvravda mTels Cvens sulier arsebobasa da<br />

y<strong>of</strong>ierebas.<br />

amisagan gansxvavebiT, qristianoba dasavlur kulturul arealSi<br />

vrceldeboda ZiriTadad laTinuri enis safuZvelze, saRmrTo wignebis<br />

adgilobriv, erovnul enebze gadatanisa da Targmanebis gareSe.<br />

principi saeklesio msaxurebisa da wirva-locvis erovnul enebze<br />

205

Catarebisa kaTolikur samyaroSi, rogorc cnobilia, mxolod mogvianebiT<br />

ganxorcielda da amis upirvelesi gamtarebeli dRes misi uwmidesoba<br />

romis papi ioane-pavle meore brZandeba, romelic mravalenovnobis<br />

gansacvifrebel magaliTs gviCvenebs da RvTismsaxurebas<br />

TiTqmis yvela im xalxTa enebze atarebs, romelTac igi umaRlesi samSvidobo<br />

misiiT ewveva.<br />

saqarTveloSic, Cvens sazogadoebasac misma uwmidesobam qarTulad<br />

mimarTa da mouwoda yvela qristians mSvidobis, Zmobisa da kacTmoyvareobisaken.<br />

es umaRlesi humanuri misia, rasac misi uwmidesoba ioane-pavle II<br />

ase warmatebiT axorcielebs mravali wlis manZilze, gansakuTrebiT<br />

gasagebia CvenTvis dRes, Cvens uZveles qristianul qveyanaSi _ saqarTveloSi<br />

_ da mTels kavkasiaSi.<br />

swored aq saqarTvelos prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem wamoayena<br />

`mSvidobiani kavkasiis~ idea, idea kulturaTa da civilizaciaTa dialogisa<br />

da TanamSromlobis Taobaze, romelic daupirispirda dasavleTSi<br />

farTod gavrcelebul koncefcias `civilizaciaTa Setakebis~<br />

«clash <strong>of</strong> civilizations» Sesaxeb ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva regionSi, maT Soris<br />

kavkasiaSic.<br />

gamovTqvamT rwmenas, rom misi uwmidesobis, romis papis ioane-pavle<br />

II viziti saqarTveloSi kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels kavkasiaSi amgvari dialogis<br />

warmarTvasa da TanamSromlobas sxvadasxva civilizaciasa da sarwmunoebas<br />

Soris; Cveni qveyana xom yovelTvis gamoirCeoda gansakuTrebuli<br />

SemwynareblobiT gansxvavebuli aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis mimarT.<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav!<br />

me daviwye saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da kulturis moRvaweTa saxeliT<br />

Cemi misalmeba aRmosavluri qristianobis erT-erT uZveles _<br />

qarTul _ enaze da minda davamTavro igi dasavluri qristianobisa da<br />

kaTolikuri eklesiis uZvelesi kanonikuri, laTinuri eniT:<br />

Hodierno die, quo adventus Vestrae Sanctitatis in terram nostram solemniter celebratur,<br />

Vestram Sanctitatem et omnes hospites, qui Vobiscum venerunt, ut patriam<br />

nostram honorarent, toto pectore salutamus et vobis gratias maximas agimus.<br />

Patria nostra, hic locus antiquae Christianorum ecclesiae, semper culturae atque<br />

religionum variarum domicilium firmum erat et in postero tempore similiter, precibus<br />

Vestris, crescat, floreat et ad bonos successus luceat.<br />

Salutatio Vestra in hac terra in cordibus nostris permanebit in aeternum et in saecula<br />

saeculorum.<br />

Maximas gratias.<br />

`dRevandel dRes, rodesac Cven sazeimo viTarebaSi aRvniSnavT Tqveni<br />

uwmidesobis Cvens qveyanaSi CamobrZanebas, guliTadad mivesalmebiT<br />

Tqvens uwmidesobas da yvela TqvenTan erTad CamobrZanebul stumars,<br />

romlebic pativs miageben Cvens qveyanas.<br />

Cveni samSoblo, qristianobis es uZvelesi savane, ZvelTaganve iyo<br />

myari adgilsamy<strong>of</strong>eli sxvadasxva kulturebisa da sarwmunoebaTa; dee,<br />

momavalSic, Tqvenis locva-kurTxeviT, igi aseve gaZlierebuliyos da<br />

ayvavebuliyos keTili saqmeebisaTvis gzis saCveneblad.<br />

Tqveni Cvens qveyanaSi CamobrZaneba marad darCeba mosagonrad Cvens<br />

gulebSi.<br />

uRrmes madlobas mogaxsenebT~.<br />

206

207

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

akademikosebisa da wevr-korespondentebis Sexvedra<br />

ilia II-sTan samebis sakaTedro taZarSi<br />

(stenografiuli Canaweri)<br />

2007 wlis 30 ianvari<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />

yovlad samRvdelono mRvdelmTavarno,<br />

Tqveno aRmatebulebav batono prezidento,<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevrebo da wevr-korespondentebo,<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />

dRes aris gansakuTrebuli da istoriuli dRe, roca saqarTvelos<br />

samociqulo eklesia maspinZlobs Cvens gamoCenil da eris winaSe damsaxurebul<br />

xalxs aq, wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris savaneSi.<br />

rwmena, sarwmunoeba da mecniereba es aris ori Zala, romelmac<br />

mogviyvana Cven dRemde, romelmac gadaarCina qarTveli eri. me mogesalmebiT<br />

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT da piradad<br />

Cemi saxeliT. Tqveni damsaxureba metad didia. Cven gamoviareT didi<br />

208

gansacdeli. iyo dro, roca totalitaruli reJimi yvelafers akeTebda<br />

imisaTvis, rom gaeTiSaT eklesia da qarTveli xalxi, codnisa da<br />

rwmenis mqone adamianebi, magram Cven mudam gvaxsovda da gvaxsovs<br />

Cveni winaprebis locva-kurTxeva da Cveni winaprebis erovnuli idea.<br />

roca qmnida daviT aRmaSenebeli gelaTis akademias, man dasaxa gegma,<br />

rom is unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo axali ierusalimi da meore aTina. ierusalimi<br />

Tavisi rwmeniT da Tavisi sulierebiT, maRali RvTismetyvelebiT,<br />

da meore aTina _ Tavisi didi mecnierebiT.<br />

Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom rwmenasa da codnas Soris urTierTobis<br />

sakiTxi uZvelesi sakiTxia, jer kidev pirvel-meore saukuneebSi idga<br />

es sakiTxi _ romelia pirveladi, rwmena Tu codna. didi filos<strong>of</strong>osi,<br />

aleqsandriis skolis didi moRvawe klimenti aleqsandrieli<br />

Tavis SromaSi ambobs, rom aucilebelia rwmenac da codnac, magram<br />

pirveladi aris rwmena da rwmenaze dafuZnebuli unda iyos mecniereba.<br />

SesaniSnav daskvnas akeTebs klimenti aleqsandrieli, rom<br />

mxolod morwmune adamiani aris mona RvTisa, xolo morwmune da ganaTlebuli,<br />

mcodne adamiani aris megobari RvTisa, e. i. klimenti<br />

aleqsandrieli gvisaxavs kibes, razec unda avides mona RvTisa. es<br />

aris sruly<strong>of</strong>is kibe. Cven unda gvaxsovdes, rom TviT ufalma ieso<br />

qristem brZana _ `iyaviT sruly<strong>of</strong>ilni, viTarca mamaTqveni sruly<strong>of</strong>il<br />

ars~. es aris dausrulebeli ganviTarebis procesi da ai, dRes Cven Sev-<br />

ZeliT is, rac ver moxda warsulSi, ufro swored, rasac eRobeboda<br />

ideologia. dRes Cven SevxvdiT am wmida savaneSi, wmida samebis axalgazrdul<br />

centrSi.<br />

me kidev erTxel mogesalmebiT yvelas, gamovTqvam Cvens did sixaruls<br />

Tqveni mobrZanebiT da me minda vTqva, rom mravali problema<br />

dgas dRes saqarTvelos winaSe da es unda gadavwyvitoT erTad, mTelma<br />

erma xelisuflebasTan erTad. Cven unda vaswavloT Cvens axalgazrdobas<br />

saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba, Cven unda gvaxsovdes, rom pasuxismgebelni<br />

varT RvTis winaSe da Cveni samSoblos winaSe. Cveni eri<br />

didad afasebs Tqvens Rvawls da me vfiqrob, rom es unda aRiniSnos<br />

da Tqveni saxelebi da gvarebi oqros asoebiT unda aRibeWdos Cvens<br />

istoriaSi da TviT akademiis kedlebze.<br />

RmerTma daglocoT, gagaZlieroT, bevri sikeTe gagakeTebinoT<br />

Cveni eris sakeTildReod da me minda vTxovo mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis prezidents, baton Tamaz gamyreliZes Tqvas Tavisi sityva.<br />

209

akad. T. gamyreliZe<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav, Zvirfaso kolegebo,<br />

dRevandeli dRe Seva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

istoriaSi rogorc umniSvnelovanesi dRe; dRe, romelic aCvenebs, Tu ra<br />

kavSiria codnasa da rwmenas Soris. me minda daviwyo zustad imiT, riTac<br />

Tqven daamTavreT, Tqveno uwmidesobav _ es aris urTierToba mecnierebasa<br />

da sarwmunoebas Soris, urTierToba codnasa da rwmenas Soris.<br />

dRes me minda gadmogceT Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav, xati, romelic<br />

Seiqmna saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi. es xati ekuTvnis<br />

akademikos Tengiz sanaZes. aq aris gamosaxuli daviT aRmaSenebeli gelaTiT<br />

xelSi da wmindanebi, maT Soris ilia marTali _ ilia WavWavaZe<br />

da eqvTime TayaiSvili, Cveni didi moRvaweebi, Cveni didi mecnierebi.<br />

akademiis mier morTmeul xatze gamosaxuleba ar aris SemTxveviTi:<br />

daviT aRmaSenebeli taZriT xelSi aris emblema saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiisa. es aris xazgasma imisa, rom saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia aris memkvidre Zveli qarTuli akademiebisa,<br />

upirveles yovlisa, gelaTis akademiisa, romelic dafuZnebul<br />

iqna daviT aRmaSeneblis mier. mefe daviTi iyo ara mxolod mefe-aRmaSenebeli,<br />

is iyo mefe-ganmanaTlebeli, romelmac daafuZna, daaarsa<br />

uZvelesi qarTuli akademiebi, maT Soris gelaTis akademia, taZrad<br />

swavlulebisa, sxvad aTinad da meore ierusalimad, e. i. imdroindeli<br />

saerTaSoriso mecnierebis centrad, romelsac aTeni warmoadgenda, da<br />

sulierebis saerTaSoriso centrad, romelsac ierusalimi _ `ieruSalaimi~<br />

warmoadgenda. swored am tradiciebis gamgrZelebeli aris<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia. SemTxveviTi ar aris is,<br />

rom ivane javaxiSvilma Tbilisis universitetis gaxsna, pirveli qar-<br />

Tuli universitetis gaxsna daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes (26 ianvari<br />

_ 8 Tebervali) daamTxvia. amiT man xazi gausva imas, rom qarTuli<br />

universiteti iyo memkvidre gelaTis akademiisa, qarTuli universiteti,<br />

sadac Camoyalibda saqveynod cnobili qarTuli samecniero skolebi<br />

_ maTematikuri skola, fiziologiuri skola, qarTuli saenaTmecniero<br />

skola, qarTuli xelovnebaTmcodneoba, saqveynod cnobili saaRmosavleTmcodneo<br />

skola da mravali sxva qarTuli samecniero skola...<br />

universitetis damfuZneblebma mogvianebiT safuZveli Cauyares saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa akademias, romelsac dRes `saqarTvelos mecniereba-<br />

Ta erovnuli akademia~ ewodeba. swored aq, akademiis wiaRSi ganviTarda<br />

qarTuli mecniereba, qarTuli samecniero skolebi.<br />

me aRvniSne, rom apoTeosi Cveni dRevandeli Sexvedrisa aris demonstrireba<br />

codnisa da rwmenis urTierTobisa. mogexsenebaT, Zvirfaso<br />

kolegebo, rom dRevandeli mecnierebis erT-erTi urTulesi problema<br />

aris garkveva codnisa da rwmenis urTierTobisa. udidesi moazrovneebi,<br />

maT Soris udidesi bunebismetyvelni, Rrmad morwmune adamianebi iyvnen;<br />

210

maqs planki, albert ainStaini, dRes kosmogoniis udidesi warmomadgeneli<br />

stiven hokingi da mravali sxva Rrmad morwmune adamianebi<br />

iyvnen da arian; isini Tvlian, rom codna da rwmena, mecniereba da sarwmunoeba<br />

ki ar gamoricxaven, aramed avseben erTmaneTs. es aris ori mxare<br />

saerTo fenomenisa, saerTo movlenisa, rom adamiani da samyaro Seicnoba<br />

swored ai am ori sferos gaerTianebiT; isini `damatebiTni~ arian<br />

erTmaneTis mimarT adamianisa da samyaros SemecnebaSi (`damatebiTobis~<br />

nils boriseuli gagebiT). ai, es aris, me mgoni, yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />

da arsebiTi dRevandel mecnierebaSi da, albaT, am princips unda axorcielebdes<br />

mecnieruli kvleva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi.<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav! Tqven, Tqveni pirovnebiT ganasaxierebT swored<br />

am Serwymas codnisa da rwmenisas da es iyo safuZveli imisa, rom saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnulma akademiam erTsulovnad agirCiaT Tqven<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio wevrad _ sapatio<br />

akademikosad. aseTi faqti metad iSviaTia Tanamedrove samyaroSi,<br />

Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi; sul ramdenime ms<strong>of</strong>lio akademia SeiZleba<br />

iqnes dasaxelebuli da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia<br />

amayobs imiT, rom erT-erTi pirvelia maT Soris, sadac qveynis kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

eris sulieri mama da umaRlesi rangis sasuliero<br />

piri arCeulia amave dros mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio wevrad.<br />

dRes saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia cnobili reformebis<br />

Sedegad gardaiqmna im mimarTulebiT, rom mecnierebaTa<br />

akademias gamoeyo kvleviTi institutebi, romlebic gaxdnen sajaro<br />

samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi. amdenad, isini damoukidebelni gaxdnen<br />

da daukavSirdnen sxvadasxva dawesebulebas, ZiriTadad, ganaTlebisa da<br />

mecnierebis saministros.<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis dRevandeli funqcia<br />

aris koordinacia mecnieruli muSaobisa mTeli respublikis masStabiT<br />

da kvleviTi institutebi, kvleviTi dawesebulebebi angariSvaldebulni<br />

arian saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis winaSe mecnieruli<br />

TvalsazrisiT.<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia amJamad aris umaRlesi<br />

samecniero organo, mrCeveli xelisuflebisa mecnierebis sakiTxebSi da<br />

koordinatori mTeli samecniero muSaobisa. me imedi maqvs, rom Cven<br />

gavagrZelebT saqmianobas am mimarTulebiT da es aris sawindari imisa,<br />

rom qarTuli mecniereba, qarTuli samecniero skolebi kidev ufro<br />

ganviTardeba da axal simaRleebs miaRwevs. institutebis nacvlad Cven<br />

akademiis sistemaSi vayalibebT samecniero komisiebs, romlebic gauZ-<br />

Rvebian samecniero kvleva-Ziebas mTeli respublikis masStabiT... erTerTi<br />

aseTi komisia ukve arsebobs, jerjerobiT yvela komisia ar aris<br />

Camoyalibebuli, magram ukve arsebobs ramdenime komisia, romlebic<br />

metad nay<strong>of</strong>ierad da Sedegianad muSaoben. erT-erTi aseTi komisia gax-<br />

211

lavT `qristianuli Teologiisa da religiis istoriis Semswavleli<br />

komisia~, romlis xelmZRvaneli brZandeba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />

da romelic eweva Zalian did samecniero moRvaweobas;<br />

amis Sesaxeb Cven am komisiis xelmZRvanelis moadgile mogvaxsenebs. vidre<br />

am moxsenebaze gadavidodeT, me minda, Tqveno uwmidesobav, mogarTvaT<br />

Cvens mecnierebaTa akademiaSi Seqmnili es xati (gadascems xats).<br />

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />

me madlobas gwiravT, es aris namdvilad istoriuli dRe da istoriuli<br />

xati. daviT aRmaSenebelma daglocoT Tqven da sruliad saqarTvelo!<br />

mama-demetre _ sityva eZleva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

akademikoss, baton roin metrevels.<br />

akad. r. metreveli<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />

batono prezidento,<br />

dRes WeSmaritad bednieri dRea, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademia Tavisi sruli SemadgenlobiT stumrobs wmida samebis didebul<br />

taZars da me minda Cemi gamosvla daviwyo imiT, rom, Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />

uRrmesi madloba mogaxsenoT Tqveni didi TaosnobisaTvis, im didi<br />

RvawlisaTvis, romelic gaswieT am brwyinvale taZris agebisaTvis da<br />

madloba vuTxra yvela imaT, vinc mxarSi gedgaT Tqven da am grandiozul<br />

Senobas agebda. es aris sulieri savane qarTveli erisa da ar SeiZleba<br />

madloba ar vTqvaT amisaTvis.<br />

me paraleli minda gavavlo, rom saqarTvelos pirvelma patriarqma<br />

melqisedekma sveticxovlis didi taZari aago da ar SemiZlia uRrmesi<br />

madliereba ar gamovxato Cveni patriarqisadmi, romelic saqarTvelos<br />

sapatriarqo taxtze aRsaydrebis umal, am 30 wlis winaT, 1977 wlis<br />

25 ianvridan moyolebuli, zrunavs erze, zrunavs xalxze, zrunavs qarTvel<br />

sazogadoebaze, qarTul kulturaze, qarTul mecnierebaze da es<br />

taZari damagvirgvinebeli gaxlavT yovelive amisa.<br />

Cven kargad gvaxsovs is didi roli, romelic qarTulma samociqulo<br />

eklesiam Seasrula saqarTvelos istoriaSi, kargad gvesmis didi damsaxureba<br />

saeklesio moRvaweebisa, gvesmis maTi amagi, viciT maTi Rvawli da<br />

minda mogaxsenoT, rom ukve me-20 saukunis dasawyisidan, mas Semdeg, rac<br />

qarTulma avtokefaliurma eklesiam Tavisi damoukidebloba daibruna<br />

1917 wlidan, qarTveli patriarqebi Cadgnen saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli<br />

kulturis, qarTuli mecnierebis da aRmSeneblobis samsaxurSi.<br />

212

minda mivmarTo Cems kolegebs, rom wlevandeli weli_ es aris saiubileo<br />

weli: 30 weli sruldeba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

ilia meoris aRsaydrebidan. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma<br />

akademiam, albaT, mTel qarTvel sazogadoebasTan erTad unda izrunos<br />

imaze, rom RirsebiT aRniSnos es TariRi, aRniSnos saqarTvelos sulieri<br />

aRorZinebis TariRi, saqarTvelos sulieri aRmavlobis TariRi.<br />

minda kidev erTxel madloba movaxseno mis uwmidesobas, minda davarwmuno<br />

igi, rom qarTveli mecnierebi, rogorc yovelTvis, amieridanac<br />

ukuniTi ukunisamde qarTuli eklesiis, qarTuli samociqulo,<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gverdiT iqnebian.<br />

didi madloba.<br />

mama-demetre _ sityva eZleva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

qristianuli Teologiisa da religiis istoriis Semswavleli<br />

komisiis Tavmjdomaris moadgiles baton zaza abaSiZes.<br />

b-ni zaza abaSiZe<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />

batono prezidento,<br />

yovlad samRvdelo meufeno,<br />

batonebo da qalbatonebo!<br />

CemTvis didi pativia aseTi saocari sazogadoebis, akademiuri<br />

sazogadoebis winaSe gamosvla; me ubralod ramdenime sityviT minda<br />

Sevexo im samuSao gegmebs, romlebic am komisias aqvs Tavisi momavali<br />

muSaobis perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT.<br />

aq damswreTagan albaT yvelas kargad moexseneba, Tu rodis daiwyo<br />

misma uwmidesobam zrunva saqarTveloSi sarwmunoebisa da mecnierebis<br />

gaerTianebisa da daaxloebisTvis. albaT, yvelas kargad gaxsovT 70-<br />

iani wlebis bolo, rodesac misma uwmidesobam ganaaxla is tradicia,<br />

romelic saqarTvelos eklesiaSi SemoiRo misma uwmidesobam, saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqma kalistratem, daawesa ra e.w. `xuTSaba-<br />

Tobebi~, sadac ZiriTadad mecnierebTan iyo Sexvedrebi da am Sexvedrebze<br />

Zalian xSirad bWobdnen, baasobdnen mecnierebis aqtualur sakiTxebze.<br />

Semdegi safexuri iyo Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis Seqmna. bevri<br />

Zalian skeptikurad uyurebda am wamowyebas, Tvlida, rom es naadrevi<br />

nabiji iyo, magram 1989 wels misma uwmidesobam gaxsna akademia, akademia,<br />

romelic dRes ukve iqceva saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebis centrad<br />

saqarTveloSi.<br />

saqme isaa, rom skeptikosebis damokidebuleba raRac kuTxiT obieqturic<br />

iyo, radgan Tvlidnen, rom saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs saRvTismetyvelo<br />

skola. marTlac, Cven xom uzarmazari wyvetiloba gvqonda,<br />

daaxloebiT me-16 saukunis Semdeg aRar gvqonia umaRlesi sasuliero<br />

213

ganaTlebis centri, iseTi, rogoric iyo, vTqvaT, gelaTis akademia, magram<br />

es safexuri, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis Seqmna, Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />

iyo swored am kuTxiTac, mecnierebis da rwmenis daaxloebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT. Tundac is, rom am akademiaSi pedagogiur moRvaweobas<br />

eweodnen da ewevian cnobili mecnierebi, Tundac qalbatoni mariam<br />

lorTqifaniZe, romelic dRidan daarsebisa kiTxulobda da kiTxulobs<br />

leqciebs saqarTvelos istoriaSi; es kidev erTi magaliTia imisa, Tu ra<br />

mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni eklesiis urTierTobas Cvens mecnierebasTan, ker-<br />

Zod, mecnierebaTa akademiasTan. misi uwmidesobis mTeli es moRvaweoba<br />

SarSan dagvirgvinda imiT, rom mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi Seiqmna<br />

religiis istoriisa da RvTismetyvelebis komisia, romelsac evaleba<br />

saRvTismetyvelo da religiis istoriis dargSi yvela kvlevis koordinacia<br />

saqarTveloSi. Cven vapirebT axali wlidan, ianvridan, yovelTviurad<br />

gavmarToT saRvTismetyvelo komisiis sxdomebi, sadac Cveni eklesiis<br />

istoriis, RvTismetyvelebis aqtualuri sakiTxebi ganixileba,<br />

davawesoT dRe da albaT yvelas ecodineba, rom ai am dRes mecnierebaTa<br />

akademiis did an mcire darbazSi iqneba am komisiis sxdoma da komisiis<br />

sxdomaze wardgebian sxvadasxva dargis mecnierebi, romlebic isaubreben<br />

RvTismetyvelebis, religiis da, TavisTavad cxadia, mecnierebisTvis<br />

aqtualur sakiTxebze.<br />

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, romelic axla dgas am komisiis<br />

winaSe, es aris is, rom praqtikulad misi uwmidesobis da saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiiis prezidentis SeTanxmebiT da maTi surviliT,<br />

Cveni komisiis bazaze gagrZeldeba muSaoba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesiis enciklopediaze. am enciklopediaze muSaoba didi<br />

xnis win unda dawyebuliyo, samwuxarod, mwiri biujetis gamo amas ver<br />

vaxerxebdiT, verc dRes davikvexniT Zalian didi biujetiT, magram imedi<br />

gvaqvs, rom mogvxedaven da am saqmes davagvirgvinebT. 2006 wels unda<br />

damTavrebuliyo muSaoba, magram es ver moxerxda am mizezis gamo. magram<br />

vfiqrob, rom Cven 2007 wels davamTavrebT muSaobas am Zalian mniSvnelovan<br />

saqmeze... da es iqneba Zalian kargi im kuTxiT da im TvalsazrisiT,<br />

rom is mieZRvneba misi uwmidesobis aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavs.<br />

me kidev erTxel Zalian didi madloba minda movaxseno mis uwmidesobas<br />

qarTuli mecnierebis ganviTarebaze marTlac Zalian didi zrunvisaTvis.<br />

is, rom Seqmnilia saerTaSoriso fondi sulierebis da mecnierebis<br />

ganviTarebisa, romelic kaTolikos-patriarqis fondad iwodeba,<br />

esec erT-erTi dasturia am zrunvisa. kidev erTxel didi madloba<br />

mis uwmidesobas.<br />

214

kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo,<br />

dRes namdvilad didi dRea. me vfiqrob am 2000 wlis manZilze es<br />

pirveli SemTxvevaa, roca saqarTvelos eklesia maspinZlobs Cvens didebul<br />

adamianebs, Cvens mecnierebs. me vifiqre, Tu riT aRmeniSna es Cveni<br />

Sexvedra da miviRe gadawyvetileba _ Tqven mogerTmevaT sapatriarqo<br />

sigeli _ akademiis yvela wevrs da wevr-korespondents. amasTan erTad,<br />

Tqven gadmogecemaT unikaluri gamocemis pirveli tomi _ `naTeli<br />

qristesi _ saqarTvelo~. es iqneba trilogia, sami wigni _ meore ukve<br />

dabeWdilia; misi prezentacia ukve iyo da axla daiwyeba muSaoba mesame<br />

tomze. mesame wigni moicavs me-20 saukunis meore naxevars. Zalian rTuli<br />

periodia da me minda, rom am wignis SedgenaSi monawileoba miiRon<br />

mecnierebaTa akademiam, sasuliero seminariam da akademiisa da enciklopediis<br />

mecnierebma. me vfiqrob, rom es metad saintereso mesame tomi<br />

male damuSavdeba da gadaecema dasabeWdad. axla gamocxaddeba Tqveni<br />

gvarebi da saxelebi da me gadmogcemT trilogiis pirvel toms, gadmogcemT<br />

sigels da specialur locvas _ vercxlis braslets, sadac aris<br />

Tqveni dalocva.<br />

RmerTma daglocoT, RmerTma gagaxaroT da RmerTma kidev bevri gagakeTebinoT.<br />

minda mogaxsenoT, rom Cveni mecnierebi aRzrdilni arian iseT dros,<br />

roca ikrZaleboda sarwmunoeba, da Zalian xSiri SemTxveva y<strong>of</strong>ila sab-<br />

WoTa kavSiris dros, roca modiodnen CvenTan mecnierebi da Cumad meubnebodnen,<br />

rom me gulSi morwmune varo. es kargia, morwmune unda iyos<br />

adamiani, magram wmida mamebi amboben, rom es ar aris sakmarisi; adamiani<br />

unda iyos eklesiuri, unda miiRos ziareba, unda Tqvas aRsareba, sulieri<br />

ganTavisufleba, sulieri ganwmenda unda moxdes adamianSi. wmida<br />

mamebi amboben _ rom ar y<strong>of</strong>iliyo aRsareba da ziareba, verc erTi adamiani<br />

ver cxondeboda. amitom me minda, rom yovel adamians hyavdes sulieri<br />

moZRvari, romelic ilocebs TqvenTvis da sulierad dagexmarebaT<br />

Tqven. dalocvili da gaxarebuli gamy<strong>of</strong>oT ufalma!<br />

am sigelebis miRebis Semdeg Cven avalT samebis taZarSi da madlobas<br />

SevwiravT ufals da davanTebT sanTels...<br />

CvenTan ars RmerTi!<br />

(Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqma saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis yvela akademikossa da wevr-korespondents sazeimo viTarebaSi<br />

gadasca trilogiis I tomi da sapatriarqos sigeli).<br />

215

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

prezidiumis gafarToebuli sxdoma,<br />

2007 wlis 12 oqtomberi<br />

akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis gamosvla<br />

batonebo, Zvirfaso kolegebo,<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />

ilia II ayenebs Cveni akademiis winaSe sakiTxs misi yovladuwmidesobis,<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarq barTolomeos I erovnuli akademiis<br />

ucxoel sapatio wevrad arCevis Sesaxeb.<br />

misi yovladuwmidesoba, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi barTolomeos I Camodis<br />

saqarTveloSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa<br />

da unetaresis ilia II aRsaydrebis saiubileo TariRTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba barTolomeos I aris<br />

sulieri winamZRoli 250 milionamde morwmune marTlmadidebeli adamianisa;<br />

dRidan misi ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqad aRsaydrebisa 1991 wels,<br />

misi yovladuwmidesobis gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobis sagania dialogis<br />

warmoeba qristianul, islamur da ebraul samyaroebs Soris,<br />

rasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Tanamedrove aboboqrebul samyaroSi.<br />

es erTgvarad igive saqmianobaa, rasac eweva Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />

uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kulturaTa da civilizaciaTa Soris<br />

dialogis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT, sapirispirod ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />

gavrcelebuli Tezisisa `civilizaciaTa Setakebis~ Sesaxeb.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis maRal misias warmoadgens ms<strong>of</strong>lios iseTi<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis saqmianobis koordinacia da harmonizacia,<br />

rogoricaa aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis, saqarTvelos,<br />

serbeTis, rumineTis da bulgareTis, kviprosis, saberZneTis, polone-<br />

Tis, albaneTis, CexeTisa da slovakiis, fineTisa da estoneTis.<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis sagania agreTve<br />

garemos dacvis problemebi, gansakuTrebiT Savi zRvis regionisa, ris<br />

gamoc mas `mwvane patriarqi~ Searqves.<br />

mTeli am saqmianobisaTvis, romelic moicavs religiuri Tavisuflebebisa<br />

da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferos, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs<br />

gadaeca jildod amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis kongresis oqros medali;<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba gaxlavT amasTanave<br />

gamoCenili mecnieri-Teologi, ms<strong>of</strong>lios mravali universitetis sapatio<br />

doqtori... misi yovladuwmidesobis, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis arCeva<br />

Cvens akademiaSi ucxoel sapatio wevrad didi pativi iqneboda ara mxolod<br />

TviT ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqisaTvis, aramed saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiisaTvisac.<br />

me vayeneb winadadebas ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis, misi yovladuwmidesobis,<br />

barTolomeos I arCevis Taobaze saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis ucxoel sapatio wevrad.<br />

216

217

218

moswavle-axalgazrdobis sasaxlis<br />

sarkeebiani darbazi<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqosa da<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

sxdoma, 2007 wlis 16 oqtomberi<br />

akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis gamosvla<br />

Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqo,<br />

Tqveno uwmidesobav sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqo,<br />

yovladsamRvdelo mRvdelmTavarno,<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, saqarTvelos<br />

mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosma, uwmidesma da<br />

unetaresma ilia II ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba bar-<br />

Tolomeos I waradgina saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademia-<br />

Si ucxoel sapatio wevrad asarCevad.<br />

Cveni akademiis prezidiumis gafarToebul sxdomaze ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />

patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba barTolomeos I erTxmad iqna ar-<br />

Ceuli akademiis ucxoel sapatio wevrad rogorc saerTaSoriso mar-<br />

Tlmadidebluri samyaros sulieri winamZRoli, rogorc kulturaTa<br />

da civilizaciaTa Soris dialogisa da TanamSromlobis aqtiuri<br />

xelSemwyobi, risTvisac mas, rogorc gamoCenil mecnier-Teologs,<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva universitetisa da samecniero dawesebulebis<br />

sapatio doqtors, mravali saerTaSoriso jildo aqvs miRebuli,<br />

maT Soris amerikis kongresis oqros medali.<br />

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma akademiam gaamzada saTanado<br />

sapatio diplomi; neba momeciT gadavce es diplomi da Cveni<br />

akademiis saiubileo medali akademiis ucxoel sapatio wevrs – mis<br />

yovladuwmidesobas, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs barTolomeos I<br />

Your <strong>All</strong> Holiness, Archbishop <strong>of</strong> Constantinople,<br />

New Rome and Ecumenical <strong>Patriarch</strong> Bartholomew<br />

It is my great honour and privilege to inform You that the <strong>Georgia</strong>n National<br />

Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences has elected You a Foreign Honorary Member<br />

<strong>of</strong> the Academy and has granted unto You all the rights and privileges <strong>of</strong><br />

a Member.<br />

219

As Archbishop <strong>of</strong> Constantinople and New Rome and Ecumenical <strong>Patriarch</strong>,<br />

Your activities facilitate inter-church and inter-faith dialogues and<br />

serve as the primary expresser <strong>of</strong> Church unity, as a whole. As Ecumenical<br />

<strong>Patriarch</strong> you transcend on a global scale every national and ethnic group,<br />

and presently you are the Spiritual Leader <strong>of</strong> approximately 250 million<br />

faithful throughout the world. Your activities as Ecumenical <strong>Patriarch</strong> are<br />

also well-known in support <strong>of</strong> the Orthodox Churches emerging from decades<br />

<strong>of</strong> wide-scale religious persecution behind the Iron-Curtain.<br />

We highly appreciate also your activities in sponsoring Peace and Tolerance<br />

Conferences bringing together Christians, Muslims and Jews and<br />

contributing a great deal to the dialogue between cultures and civilizations,<br />

as opposed to the well-known thesis <strong>of</strong> the “Clash <strong>of</strong> Civilizations”<br />

in the Modern World. <strong>All</strong> these endeavours in obtaining religious<br />

freedom and protecting human rights brought you many awards, as the<br />

U.S. Congressional Gold Medal and Honorary Doctorates from quite a<br />

number <strong>of</strong> World Universities and Scientific Institutions. The <strong>Georgia</strong>n<br />

National Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences is one <strong>of</strong> them, and we were unanimous<br />

in electing You a Foreign Honorary Member <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Georgia</strong>n National<br />

Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences. <strong>All</strong>ow me to hand You to this effect the Academy<br />

Diploma and the Academy Medal.<br />

220

misi yovladuwmidesobis ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis<br />

barTolomeos I sityva,<br />

warmoTqmuli misTvis saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />

erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosis<br />

wodebis miniWebis ceremonialze<br />

221<br />

moswavle-axalgazrdobis sasaxle,<br />

2007 wlis 16 oqtomberi<br />

didi sixaruliTa da mRelvarebiT vimy<strong>of</strong>ebiT TqvenTan erTad. Cveni<br />

arCeva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevrad did pativad<br />

migvaCnia. am sapatio titulis moniWebiT Tqven pativs miagebT<br />

qristesmier dedaeklesias, madlobas mogaxsenebT am keTilSobiluri<br />

JestisaTvis. am tituls ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosadmi qarTveli xalxis<br />

pativiscemis, siyvarulisa da erTgulebis gulwrfeli grZnobebis gamoxatulebad<br />

aRviqvamT.<br />

gansakuTrebiT did madlobas movaxsenebT akademiis prezidents baton<br />

Tamaz gamyreliZes. am ramdenime wlis win Cven mier ganxorcielebuli<br />

vizitisas Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi SevxvdiT Cven erTmaneTs.<br />

asec rom ar momxdariyo, misi saxeli CvenTvis mainc cnobili<br />

iqneboda, radgan mas saerTaSoriso aRiareba aqvs mopovebuli enaTmecnierebis<br />

dargSi miRweuli warmatebebis gamo. igi saqveynod cnobili<br />

araerTi saerTaSoriso samecniero akademiis wevria.<br />

moxaruli varT, rom vimy<strong>of</strong>ebiT akademiaSi, romelsac amSveneben nebismieri<br />

samecniero dargis uSesaniSnavesi warmomadgenlebi, romlebmac<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi masStaburi wvlili Seitanes nebismieri<br />

dargis ganviTarebaSi da saerTaSoriso aRiarebasac miaRwies rogorc<br />

teqnikuri, aseve humanitaruli mecnierebis dargebSi. Cven SegviZlia<br />

CamovTvaloT humanitaruli mecnierebis saqveynod cnobili qarTuli<br />

gvarebi, esenia: akaki SaniZe da korneli kekeliZe, romelTac didi<br />

wvlili Seitanes qarTuli paleografiis da liturgikuli wignebis<br />

SeswavlaSi; cnobili aRmosavleTmcodne giorgi wereTeli, cnobili<br />

semitologi konstantine wereTeli, arqeologi oTar lorTqifaniZe;<br />

didi maTematikosebi teqnikuri mecnierebidan _ niko musxeliSvili da<br />

ilia vekua. cnobili geologi aleqsandre janeliZe, cnobili fiziologi<br />

ivane beritaSvili, cnobili fsiqologi dimitri uznaZe, cnobili<br />

astr<strong>of</strong>izikosi evgeni xaraZe da sxvani.<br />

gansakuTrebiT gvinda movixsenioT grigol wereTeli, berZnuli<br />

paleografiisa da papirologiis uSesaniSnavesi warmomadgeneli, romelmac<br />

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi klasikuri filologiis<br />

dargi daafuZna. mis wigns berZnuli paleografiis Sesaxeb jerac<br />

ar daukargavs Tavisi Rirebuleba da samagido wignia am dargSi momu-

vnebaTagan. samoTxidan gaZevebis Semdeg ki mxecebi da Citebi, romelTac<br />

uyvardaT igi, dafrTxnen da ganeridnen. sicive da SimSili tanjavda mas.<br />

mze wvavda da qari uwylulebda sxeuls. avadmy<strong>of</strong>oba da uZlureba moeria,~<br />

– wers igive wmindani.<br />

adamis dacemam adamians ubiZga imisken, rom RmrTis Semcvleli epovna.<br />

is, rac sicarieles Seuvsebda. maSin adamianma Tavis gadasarCenad, RvTis<br />

madlis SemweobiT, teqnologiis ganviTarebasa da mecnierebas miaSura.<br />

mogvianebiT, JamTa svlasTan erTad, teqnologia sul ufro da ufro<br />

viTardeboda da ixveweboda; bevri ram dafaruli da ucnobi gamomzeurda<br />

da cnobili gaxda. adamiani Tavs SezRudulad grZnobs Tavisi planetis<br />

sazRvrebSi da survili uCndeba gamoikvlios samyaro, sxva planetebi.<br />

Tuki yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT kacobriobis istorias, mivxvdebiT,<br />

rom mecniereba, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebis mixedviT, dacemis<br />

periodis Semdeg Cndeba da mas ar SeuZlia Seuvsos adamians is sicariele,<br />

rasac grZnobs. ramdenma saukunemac unda Caiaros, mecniereba mainc<br />

ver gascems pasuxs y<strong>of</strong>ierebis umTavres sakiTxebs, romlebic aSfoTeben<br />

adamians. aqedan gamomdinare ki mecnierebis progresi verasodes Secvlis<br />

religiasa da eklesias. ar unda agverios mecnierebisa da religiis<br />

sazRvrebi, iseve rogorc maTi miRwevebi.<br />

mecnierebis sazRvrebi sakmaod gafarToebulia religiuri mrwamsis<br />

sazRvrebTan SedarebiT, amasTanave is Cavlili da gacveTili samyaros<br />

CarCoebSia moqceuli. marTlmadidebel eklesias Tavis rigebSi dRes<br />

hyavs adamianebi, romlebsac sakmaod warmatebuli samecniero kariera<br />

gaaCniaT da, aqedan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba maT CamorCenilebi, ukan<br />

msvlelebi vuwodoT. mama s<strong>of</strong>roniosis swavlebis Tanaxmad, Tuki sulieri<br />

adamiani mecnierebisken miapyrobs mzeras, xels mihy<strong>of</strong>s asketur<br />

cxovrebas, gamoaCens ufro met SesaZleblobebs mecnierebaSi, vidre<br />

is, romelic naklebad sulieria. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sulieri<br />

adamiani ufro maRali da didi Rirebulebis sferoebSi moqmedebs, vidre<br />

logikisa da mecnieruli codnis sferoebia. aqedan gamomdinare, isini,<br />

vinc y<strong>of</strong>iT problemebs emsaxurebian, ufro dabal safexurze Camodian.<br />

saxareba gveubneba: `Zeni amis s<strong>of</strong>lisani ugonieres arian ufroÁs ZeTa<br />

naTlisaTa, naTesavTa Soris maTsa“ (luk. 16,8).<br />

axla ki magaliTad kvlav mama siluanosis gamonaTqvams moviyvanT.<br />

I ms<strong>of</strong>lio omis Semdeg (1914_18) aTonis mTis tyis aTviseba Zraviani<br />

xerxiT daiwyes. ikonomosi, aTonis mTis rusuli monastris beri, aRtacebuli<br />

iyo axali teqnologiiT, radgan xerxi germanuli warmoebisa<br />

iyo, dReniadag germanelebs aqebda da rusebs aginebda: `Cven rusebi<br />

arafris maqnisebi varTo“.<br />

wmida siluanosma upasuxa: `me vfiqrob mizezi sxvaa da ara is, rom<br />

rusebi arafris maqnisebi arian. rusebisaTvis upirvelesi RmerTia, TavianT<br />

upirveles Zalas RmerTs uZRvnian da naklebad fiqroben amqveyniur<br />

problemebze. Tuki rusi xalxi mTel Tavis potencials miwier<br />

222

223

224

SaveTaTvis. am dargis pr<strong>of</strong>esorebi mTels ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi axlac am wigniT<br />

xelmZRvaneloben TavianT mowafeebTan muSaobisas am urTulesi sagnis<br />

anbanis swavlebis dros.<br />

aseTi didi da SesaniSnavi tradiciis mqone akademia dResac agrZelebs<br />

Tavis moRvaweobas. es kargad Cans am ukanasknel wlebSi Catarebuli<br />

arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad gamovlenili masaliT, romelmac<br />

mTeli ms<strong>of</strong>lio samecniero sazogadoebis yuradReba miipyro. arqeologiis<br />

dargSi didi warmatebis nimuSad dmanisis aRmoCenebs davasaxelebT.<br />

iq aRmoCenili Tavis qalebi, mecnierTa azriT, metad mniSvnelovan<br />

monapovars warmoadgenen kacobriobisaTvis. isini Turme `pirveli<br />

evropelebi“ y<strong>of</strong>ilan.<br />

miuxedavad im problemebisa, romlebic sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg,<br />

am bolo 16 weliwadSi, am SesaniSnavma marTlmadidebelma qveyanam<br />

gadaitana, qarTvel mecnierebs erTi wuTiTac ar SeuCerebiaT TavianTi<br />

kvleva-Zieba da im saqmis erTgulni darCnen, romlisTvisac mowodebulni<br />

arian.<br />

Tavs valdebulad vTvliT, mogmarToT Tqven, Zvirfaso mecnierebo da<br />

oriode sityviT Sevexo marTlmadideblobisa da mecnierebis urTierTobas<br />

dRevandel pirobebSi. Zalian xSirad gvesmis ama Tu im wreSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />

ki dasavleTis mecnierTa wreebSi, arakeTili damokidebuleba<br />

eklesiis mimarT. TiTqos eklesia damabrkolebeli organo iyos, romelic<br />

kacobriobis ganviTarebas xels uSlis, TiTqosda adamianebi unda<br />

aRvematebodeT mas; imisaTvis rom Cvenc Tanamedrove adamianebad viqceT,<br />

Tanamedrove realobas unda avuwyoT fexi. amboben, TiTqos teqnologiis<br />

swrafma ganviTarebam religia gaauqma, rom saxareba adamianSi fanatizms<br />

badebso, rom dRevandeli kosmopoliti adamiani `unda idges<br />

religiaze, samSobloze, sazRvrebze maRla“.<br />

modiT, erTad davfiqrdeT imaze, ramdenad Seesabameba zemoT xsenebuli<br />

azri sinamdviles. marTla waSala eklesiis roli da mniSvneloba<br />

teqnologiurma progresma? am sakiTxs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />

ori Tanamedrove mamis swavlebaze dayrdnobiT ganvixilavT. erTi maTgani<br />

aris aw wmindanad Seracxili siluanos aToneli, romelmac 1938<br />

wels miiZina, xolo meore _ misi mowafe da amave dros misi biografi<br />

netari s<strong>of</strong>roniosi, romelmac 1993 wels miiZina.<br />

`adami samoTxeSi RmrTis siyvaruliT iyo Semosili. magram Secodebis<br />

Semdeg, RmrTis siyvaruls moklebuli mwared moTqvamda da godebda.<br />

mTel udabnos esmoda misi oxvra. mxecebi da frinvelebi sevdam Seipyro.<br />

adami ki TavSi xels icemda imis gamo, rom misi Secodebis gamo yvelas<br />

moaklda mSvidoba da siyvaruli~. am STagonebuli sityvebiT Rirsi siluanosi<br />

aRwers adamis mier samoTxis dakargvas, kacobriobis istoriisaTvis<br />

am umniSvnelovanes faqts.<br />

manamde adamians aranairi problema ar gaaCnda dedamiwaze, `samoTxeSi<br />

bednierad grZnobda Tavs. suli RmrTisa axarebda mas da Tavisufali iyo<br />

225

problemebs miuZRvnida da marto am sakiTxiT iqneboda dakavebuli, ue-<br />

Wvelad gauswrebda germanelebs, radgan y<strong>of</strong>iTi problemebis mogvareba<br />

gacilebiT ufro advilia~.<br />

wmindanis es sityvebi namdvilad winaswarmetyveluri aRmoCnda, radgan<br />

sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis pirobebSi, meore ms<strong>of</strong>lio omis Semdeg,<br />

ruseTi zesaxelmwifod iqca, radganac aTeizmis gabatonebis pirobebSi<br />

am qveynis liderebma TavianT programad teqnologiisa da mecnierebis<br />

ganviTareba daisaxes.<br />

maT arnaxul warmatebebs miaRwies am sferoSi. swored im programis<br />

farglebSi moxda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis dafuZneba. igi<br />

1941 wels daarsda. sabWoTa kavSiris pirobebSi saqarTvelos akademias<br />

gaaCnda uamravi instituti, samecniero-kvleviTi centri, sakmaod mdidari<br />

biblioTeka da mniSvnelovani gamomcemlobac.<br />

yovelive zemoTqmuliT sulac ar vgmobT teqnologiisa da mecnierebis<br />

ganviTarebas. didi Secdoma iqneba, Tuki vinme ifiqrebs, rom marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia ewinaaRmdegeba mecnierebas, magram valdebulni<br />

varT, rom yvelafers Tavisi adgili mivuCinoT da isic vaRiaroT, rom<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesia dakavebulia im mecnierebiT, romelic yvela<br />

sxva mecnierebaze maRla dgas, da amitomac mas mecnierebaTa mecnierebas<br />

da xelovnebis xelovnebasac uwodeben.<br />

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis es damokidebuleba sruliadac ar niSnavs<br />

mecnierebis ugulebely<strong>of</strong>as. piriqiT, eklesia yovelTvis TanamSromlobda<br />

mecnierebTan, cdilobda daxmareba gaewia mecnierebis<br />

ganviTarebisaTvis da misi miRwevebic gamoeyenebina. eklesiisa da mecnierebis<br />

TanamSromlobis araCveulebrivi magaliTis dasaxeleba Tqvenive<br />

realobidan SeiZleba. amis araCveulebrivi magaliTia `sinis mTaze<br />

wm. ekaterines monasterSi 1975 w. aRmoCenil qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba“,<br />

romelic 2005 wels aTenSi gamoica. paleografiis SesaniSnavi<br />

specialistebi: SaniZe, aleqsiZe, qavTaria, xecuriani da mesxi<br />

mowmeni arian mecnierebisa da eklesiis mWidro TanamSromlobisa. eklesia<br />

aRiarebs, pativs scems da afasebs maT did Rvawls, vinaidan es<br />

monumenturi wigni maTi udidesi ZalisxmeviTa da Tavganwirvis fasad<br />

daiwera. am mecnierebma urTules pirobebSi imuSaves. maT ar hqondaT is<br />

pirobebi da SeRavaTebi, romlebic dasavleTis did mecnierebs gaaCniaT.<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom maT normaluri saarsebo pirobebi ar gaaCndaT,<br />

mainc Tavdadebulad iSromes, raTa qarTveli xalxisTvis miewodebinaT<br />

uZvirfasesi masala maTi mravalsaukunovani istoriisa da maRali sulieri<br />

faseulobebis Sesaxeb.<br />

sulierebisa da mecnierebis harmoniuli Serwymis magaliTad SegviZlia<br />

davasaxeloT agreTve yirimis mTavarepiskoposi luka. misi wvlili<br />

samedicino dargSi aRiarebuli da dafasebuli aRmoCnda TviT aTeisturi<br />

saxelmwifos mier. wmida lukam, erTi mxriv, gamoiyena Tavisi mecnieruli<br />

niWi, xolo, meore mxriv, ganuwyveteli locvisa da adamianisad-<br />

226

mi usazRvro siyvarulis wyalobiT namdvili saswaulebi moaxdina. man<br />

warmoudgeneli qirurgiuli operaciebi gaakeTa. amitomac mas RmerTma<br />

gankurnebis madli misca da dResac, sikvdilis Semdeg, igi saswaulebs<br />

axdens.<br />

isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom arc mecniereba ewinaaRmdegeba Cveni eklesiis<br />

moZRvrebas, Cveni marTlmadidebeli dedaeklesiis rwmenas. mecnieruli<br />

kvleva ver SeZlebs wmida werilis gauqmebas.<br />

is winaaRmdegobebi, romelTa Sesaxebac xSirad saubroben or-<br />

Todoqsologi mecnierebi, fenomenaluria da samyaros Sesaxeb ukve<br />

ganvlil da nakleb codnas moicavs, romlebsac miviwyebul da naklul<br />

mtkicebulebebad miviCnevT.<br />

miuxedavad mecnierebis udidesi miRwevebisa, Cveni codna mainc umniSvneloa<br />

samyaros ganzomilebebTan SedarebiT. WeSmaritad didi<br />

da gulwrfeli mecnierebi, mravalwliani da dauRalavi kvlevis Semdeg,<br />

aRiareben sakuTar uZlurebas. adamians rom SeZleboda mTlianad<br />

ar STanTqmuliyo kvleva-ZiebaSi da sruly<strong>of</strong>ili da sferuli codna<br />

hqonoda saganTa da movlenaTa Sesaxeb, mixvdeboda, rom arsebiTad arc<br />

arsebobs winaaRmdegoba mecnierebasa da religias Soris, mecnierebasa<br />

da biblias Soris.<br />

amis magaliTad saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentis,<br />

cnobili enaTmecnieris, baton Tamaz gamyreliZis gamokvlevebs davasaxelebdiT.<br />

misma Teoriam indoevropelebisa da indoevropuli enebis<br />

Sesaxeb, romelic rus mecnierTan, pr<strong>of</strong>esor viaCeslav ivanovTan<br />

TanamSromlobiT Camoayaliba, axali ganzomilebebi misca indoevropelTa<br />

warmomavlobis sakiTxs, romlisganac momdinareobs Tanamedrove<br />

evropel xalxTa umetesoba. cxadia, yvela sakiTxze ver gavamaxvilebT<br />

yuradRebas, magram aRvniSnavT, rom maT mier dadgenili sazRvrebi,<br />

kavkasiis samxreTiT da mesopotamiis CrdiloeTiT, savsebiT eTanxmeba<br />

bibliis genealogias, romlis Tanaxmadac iafeti, anu indoevropelTa<br />

mama, berZnuli miTologiis Tanaxmad _ iafetosi, noes Ze iyo, romelmac,<br />

rogorc cnobilia, kidobnis meSveobiT miaRwia kavkasiis samxre-<br />

TiT da mesopotamiidan CrdiloeTiT mdebare araratis mTas (dab. 8,4).<br />

am regionidan, sadac akurTxa RmerTma is da Zeni misni, `romelTac ganiyvnes<br />

Walakni warmarTTani qveyanasa maTsa, TiToeul, enad-enad tomTa<br />

Sina maTTa da naTesavTa Sina maTTa“. (dab. 10,5), anu jer kidev ar iyo<br />

dawyebuli enebis day<strong>of</strong>a.<br />

eklesias miznad ara aqvs dasaxuli adamianebs aswavlos, rogor<br />

Seicnon gonebisa da logikis meSveobiT samyaro, misi Seqmna da ganvi-<br />

Tareba, ise rogorc amas mecniereba cdilobs. amitomac, ar aris dakavebuli<br />

mecnieruli problemebiT, arc mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebs<br />

aqcevs dogmebad da arc mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebis eSinia. eklesias<br />

ar aviwydeba, rom es Sedegebi mis sferos ar warmoadgens. eklesiam ramdenjerac<br />

daiviwya Tavisi funqcia, rogorc es araerTgzis momxdara<br />

227

dasavleTis eklesiaSi, da Seecada, Careuliyo mecnierul problemebSi,<br />

seriozul winaaRmdegobebs waawyda da istoriuli Secdomebic Caidina.<br />

amis magaliTi inkviziciaa.<br />

Tuki, magaliTad, romelime samecniero dargs aviRebT, davuSvaT _<br />

enaTmecnierebas, davinaxavT, rom igi Sedarebis meTodis gamoyenebiT<br />

Tavdapirveli enis aRdgenas cdilobs da midis indoevropul enebTan,<br />

an enasTan, romelzec pirveli indoevropelebi saubrobdnen. eklesiis<br />

saqme ar aris pirveladi enis aRdgena, aramed adamianis modgmis gaTi-<br />

Suloba, vinaidan ampartavnobiT gamowveulma gaTiSulobam moitana kidevac<br />

enebis day<strong>of</strong>a. misi aRdgena moxda sulTm<strong>of</strong>enobisas, suliwmidis<br />

gardamosvlis Sedegad, rogorc amas dResaswaulis kondaki gvauwyebs.<br />

msgavsi gziT mecniereba dRes adamianisagan bevri ucxo enis codnas<br />

moiTxovs, raTa Seiswavlos ama Tu im eris miRwevebi da am gziT aiTvisos<br />

uzarmazari bibliografia. magram RmerTi, pavle mociqulis piriT,<br />

adamianisagan mxolod erTi enis codnas moiTxovs, am enas siyvaruli<br />

hqvia. `kacTa da angelozTa enebzec rom vmetyvelebde, siyuaruli Tu<br />

ara maqvs, mxolod rvali var moJRriale, mxolod wkriala winwili“ (I<br />

kor. 13,1). asketi mamebi gveubnebian: `momaval saukuneTa ena dumilia“.<br />

rogorc vxedavT, eklesia ufro martivad azrovnebs, magram ufro did<br />

siRrmeebs swvdeba.<br />

imaves gulisxmobda aToneli beri mama paisi, rodesac am aTiode<br />

wlis win erT gamoCenil amerikel mecniers mimarTa kiTxviT: `ras miaRwieT<br />

Tqven?“ mecnierma upasuxa: `mTvareze avediT, kosmosSi gavediT“.<br />

`ra dagijdaT?“ – hkiTxa kvlav paisim. `uTvalavi raodenobis fuli,<br />

milionobiT dolari“ – iyo amerikelis pasuxi. paisim ki dialogi ase<br />

daamTavra: `Cven, marTlmadideblebi, mxolod gamxmari puris natexiT<br />

RmerTTan avdivarT“. da ase aswavla amerikel mecniers adamianis WeSmariti<br />

daniSnuleba. amitom yovelTvis unda ganvasxvaoT mecnierebisa da<br />

religiis roli da daniSnuleba.<br />

marTlmadidebeli tradiciis Tanaxmad, RmerTis sruly<strong>of</strong>ili codna<br />

azrovnebiT ar miiRweva. wmida siluanem ucdomeli kriteriumi dagvitova<br />

gamosacnobad WeSmaritad sulieri adamianisa, WeSmariti mecnierisa,<br />

romelmac sruly<strong>of</strong>il codnas miaRwia. igi wers: `raoden brZenic unda<br />

iyos adamiani, rogori mecnieric unda iyos igi, rogori mSvenieric<br />

unda iyos, Tuki mas Tavisi mteri ar uyvars an nebismieri adamiani, mas<br />

RmerTi ver Seucvnia. da piriqiT, Tundac ubralo, Raribi, uvici iyos<br />

adamiani, magram gulSi siyvaruli aqvs, `igi RmerTSia, da masSi aris<br />

RmerTi“. is, visac aseTi siyvaruli SeuZlia, igi maradiuli cxovrebis<br />

Tanaziaria, da amis dasturi mis gulSi arsebobs. igi suliwmidis Wur-<br />

Welsa da sadgoms warmoadgens da suliwmidis meoxebiT Seicnobs mamasa<br />

da Zes. yoveldRiuri cxovrebis wesiT xdeba Zma da megobari qristesi.<br />

mecniereba da filos<strong>of</strong>ia, mama s<strong>of</strong>roniosis Tanaxmad, Tavis Tavs<br />

aseT SekiTxvas usvams: `ra aris WeSmariteba?~ namdvili qristianuli<br />

228

sindisi ki WeSmaritebisken imzireba da misi SekiTxva aseTia: `vin aris<br />

WeSmariteba?“ mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic brals sdeben eklesias<br />

imaSi, rom igi damabrkolebelia, qristianebs niadaggamoclil<br />

meocnebeebad miiCneven, xolo TavianTi Tavi myar safuZvelze mdgomi<br />

hgoniaT. imas ki ver xvdebian, rom absoluturi WeSmariteba mxolod<br />

erTaderTia: `vin“ da araviTar SemTxvevaSi `ra“, radgan WeSmariteba<br />

ar aris Teoriuli saxis, arc abstraqtuli idea, aramed cxovrebaa. aki<br />

gviTxra uzenaesma: `me var WeSmariteba da cxovreba“. qristianoba arc<br />

`filos<strong>of</strong>osoba da arc moZRvreba ar aris, igi cxovrebis wesia. logikiT<br />

moxibluli kacobrioba dabanguli cxovrobs – ambobs siluane. ara<br />

mxolod teqnikuri mecnierebi da filos<strong>of</strong>osebi usvamen TavianT Tavs<br />

SekiTxvas: `ra aris WeSmariteba?“, aramed TviT religiurad mcxovreb<br />

adamianebSic SeimCneva msgavsi cduneba: ase magaliTad, rodesac religiurad<br />

moazrovne goneba cdilobs, gaigos WeSmariteba RvTisa da misi<br />

Zalis Sesaxeb, imave Secdomas uSvebs, rasac mecniereba Tavisi mizezSedegobrivi<br />

dasabamiT, da filos<strong>of</strong>ia Tavisi racionalizmiT, anu mcdelobiT,<br />

WeSmaritebas Caswvdes kiTxviT: `ra“. WeSmariteba ki logikis meSveobiT<br />

ar Seicnoba. RmerTi, romelic aris `vin“, mxolod y<strong>of</strong>ierebaSi<br />

Seicnoba anu _ suliwmidiseuli gamocxadebiT.<br />

namdvili codna sabolood romelime saganze dakvirvebis Sedegs ar<br />

warmoadgens. igi cocxal RmerTTan `pirispir“ urTierTobis Sedegia.<br />

RmerTis marTlmadidebluri gaazreba sikeTis, siyvarulisa da sxva<br />

grZnobaTa abstraqtuli Teoria ar aris. avTentikuri sulieri cxovreba<br />

fantaziisagan gansxvavebulia da RmerTis sulSi damkvidrebiT xdeba,<br />

_ rodesac sulma aRiqva `igi“ da ganicada ontologiurad, rom mas<br />

uyvars, aris keTili, didebuli, maradiuli.<br />

kidev erTxel did madlobas mogaxsenebT yvelas moniWebuli pativisaTvis,<br />

romelic aris dasturi Tqveni siyvarulisa; Tqveni qveynis sulieri<br />

adamianebi gamsWvalulni arian marTlmadidebluri azrovnebiT<br />

da mWidro kavSiri aqvT qristianul marTlmadideblur moZRvrebasTan.<br />

sarwmunoebas Rrmad aqvs fesvebi gamdgari qarTveli xalxis y<strong>of</strong>aSi.<br />

mTeli guliT gisurvebT, rom RmerTma dalocos saqmeni Tqvenni,<br />

xolo Tqvenma xelisuflebam yoveli Rone ixmaros am saqmianobis xelSesawyobad,<br />

vinaidan kargad organizebuli da ganviTarebuli mecnierebaTa<br />

akademia xels Seuwyobs mTeli qveynis winsvlasa da ganviTarebas. eklesia,<br />

Tavisi gamorCeuli meTauris, Cveni sayvareli Zmis, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />

kaTolikos-patriarqis, meufe ilias meSveobiT, romelsac Tqven<br />

ase Zalian uyvarxarT da romelic esoden uwyobs xels Tqvens saqmianobas,<br />

gansakuTrebiT ki saeklesio xelovnebis dargSi, mwams, rom mudam Tqven<br />

gverdiT iqneba da ilocebs Tqveni Sromis winsvlisa da dafasebisaTvis.<br />

madli da wyaloba uflisa Cvenisa iyos Tqven yovelTa Tana. amin!<br />

229

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />

uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />

ilia II sityva,<br />

warmoTqmuli sarkeebian darbazSi<br />

Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqo,<br />

Tqveno aRmatebulebav, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />

akademiis prezidento,<br />

batono akademikosebo,<br />

qalbatonebo da batonebo,<br />

dRevandeli dRe kidev erTxel mowmobs imas, Tu ramdenad axlosaa<br />

erTmaneTTan mecniereba da rwmena. me maxsendeba erTi SemTxveva _ sabWoTa<br />

kavSiris meTauri ekiTxeba akademikos pavlovs: `nuTu Tqven, ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />

aRiarebuli mecnieri, morwmune brZandebiT?~. akademikosi pavlovi pasuxobs:<br />

`roca Cven vswavlobT adamianis sisxls, morwmune ki ara, SeiZleba<br />

wmindani gaxde~; ai, amdenad amtkicebs es RvTis arsebobas. . .<br />

kargad mogexsenebaT, rom es sakiTxi _ codnisa da rwmenis urTier-<br />

Tobisa _ uZvelesi sakiTxia da jer kidev I_II saukuneebSi ganixileboda.<br />

am sakiTxs gansakuTrebiT vrclad Seexo klimenti aleqsandrieli. is<br />

ambobs, rom pirveladi aris rwmena da rwmenaze dafuZnebulia codna.<br />

ufali Cveni ieso qriste brZanebs: `iyaviT sruly<strong>of</strong>ilni, viTarca<br />

mamaTqveni zecieri sruly<strong>of</strong>il ars~. es kidev erTxel mowmobs imas, rom<br />

ar SeiZleba adamianis ganviTareba, iqneba es sulieri Tu mecnieruli<br />

sruly<strong>of</strong>a, Sewydes raRac garkveul etapze, es dausrulebeli procesia;<br />

es kidev erTxel mowmobs imas, rom kacobriobam gansakuTrebuli yurad-<br />

Reba unda miaqcios orive faqtors – rwmenasa da codnas. is liberalizmi,<br />

romelic evropaSi warmoiSva, ganviTarda da aman Sedegad migviyvana<br />

aTeizmamde. magram adamianSi aRmoCnda imdeni sulieri Zala, rom igi<br />

gamovida am burusidan da realurad Sexeda movlenebs...<br />

urwmuno adamianis xelSi mecniereba, mogexsenebaT, saSiSia da is vi-<br />

Tareba, romelic am bolo saukuneebis manZilze Seiqmna, aixsneba imiT,<br />

rom kacobriobam mecnierebas ufro meti yuradReba miaqcia, vidre sulierebas.<br />

suliereba da mecniereba Tu ar ganviTarda paralelurad, es<br />

ukanaskneli SeiZleba saSiSic gaxdes. ai, amitom, saWiroa es ori faqtori<br />

harmoniulad ganviTardes.<br />

me maxsendeba erT-erTi Cemi pr<strong>of</strong>esoris leqcia; is ambobda, rom iyo<br />

ori astronomi, cnobili pirovnebebi... erTi maTgani amtkicebda, rom<br />

RmerTi arsebobs, meore ambobda: `mTeli sicocxle vuyureb cas, vswavlob<br />

planetebs, varskvlavebs da me iq arasdros minaxavs RmerTi~; da im<br />

pirvelma upasuxa: `Sen dagaviwyda erTi ram: Sen unda Caixedo Sens gulSi<br />

da iq dainaxav RmerTs~. ai, aseTi adamiani marTlac matarebelia suli<br />

230

wmidisa. saerTod unda iTqvas, rom adamianis sulieri samyaro arasdros<br />

carieli ar rCeba; is aris taZari an sulisa wmidisa, an boroti<br />

sulisa.<br />

wmida mama ambobs: `he, ufalo, momaniWe me gancdaÁ TvisTa codvaTa da<br />

ara gankiTxva Zmisa Cemisa~. ai, es sulieri ganwmenda aucilebelia, rom<br />

adamianma dainaxos RmerTi da ufali Sevides adamianis gulSi.<br />

me minda vTqva, rom saqarTvelo yovelTvis gamoirCeoda imiT, rom<br />

mecniereba da rwmena mudam erTad viTardeboda; mogexsenebaT, rom yoveli<br />

monasteri iyo ara marto sulierebis centri, aramed didi mecnieruli<br />

centric da Cven gvinda, rom Cveni es tradicia gagrZeldes.<br />

me minda visargeblo am SemTxveviT da vTxovo mis yovladuwmidesobas<br />

erTi ram: XIX saukunis bolos aTonis mTaze cxovrobda berZeni beri,<br />

romelsac erqva kirilos lavrioTisi. es beri Zalian bevrs muSaobda<br />

saRvTo werilze da gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda ioane RvTismetyvelis<br />

apokalifss; mas aqvs Zalian saintereso gamokvlevebi da sulieri<br />

xedva; gamokvlevis erT-erT adgilas is ambobs, rom filadelfiis<br />

eklesiaSi igulisxmeba swored saqarTvelos eklesia da saqarTvelo. es<br />

xdeba im dros, roca saqarTvelo kargavs Tavis politikur damoukideblobas,<br />

xolo saqarTvelos eklesia kargavs avtokefalias. kirilos<br />

lavrioTisis Sesaxeb waikiTxa leqcia Cvens universitetSi erT-erTma<br />

berZenma pr<strong>of</strong>esorma. Cveni xalxi metad dainteresebulia am mecnieri<br />

beris moRvaweobiT. CvenTvis cnobilia, rom nawili am Sromisa aris<br />

aTonis mTaze, xolo meore nawili _ aTenis mecnierebaTa akademiaSi.<br />

kargi iqneboda, am gamokvlevis asli Cvenc gvqonoda; es CvenTvis metad<br />

saintereso iqneboda da gvinda Tqveni locva-kurTxeva amis Taobaze.<br />

dasasrul, Cveni eklesiisa da Cveni mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />

saxeliT, Cveni akademikosebis saxeliT, minda mivuloco mis yovladuwmidesobas<br />

es maRali wodeba; me minda vTqva, rom misma yovladuwmidesobam<br />

miiRo es jildo ara marto imisaTvis, rom es didi pativia da<br />

es pativi ekuTvnis piradad mas rogorc ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs, aramed es<br />

man daimsaxura rogorc mkvlevarma misi gamorCeuli Sromebisa gamo;<br />

mogexsenebaT, misi yovladuwmidesoba brZandeba didi Teologi da didi<br />

mecnieri.<br />

kidev erTxel gilocavT, Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav, am maRal<br />

wodebas.<br />

231

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia<br />

_ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs<br />

didi iubile<br />

Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />

milocvebi<br />

zurab wereTeli<br />

fridon Todua<br />

ana kalandaZe<br />

merab berZeniSvili<br />

anzor erqomaiSvili<br />

Rvawli patriarqisa<br />

Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />

roin metreveli<br />

guram TevzaZe<br />

zaza aleqsiZe<br />

SoTa nadiraSvili<br />

mariam lorTqifaniZe<br />

mama giorgi zviadaZe<br />

joni xecuriani<br />

gvanca koplataZe<br />

jaba samuSia<br />

damana meliqiSvili<br />

serqo vardosaniZe<br />

sergo vardosaniZe<br />

goGa guguSvili<br />

Tamila mgalobliSvili<br />

qronika<br />

romis papi da saqarTvelos patriarqi<br />

ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis viziti<br />

Semdgeneli _ akad. roin metreveli<br />

redaqtorebi _ nodar gioSvili, margo inasariZe<br />

mxatvar-dizaineri _ dea jabua<br />

kompiuteruli uzrunvely<strong>of</strong>a _ giorgi bagrationi,<br />

nana qvaGaxia<br />

ISBN 978-9941-9018-0-5<br />

saarqivo foto masalis mowodebisaTvis madlobas movaxsenebT<br />

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivs<br />

232

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