Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia
Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia
Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia
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saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia
didi iubile
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />
aRsaydrebis saiubileo TariRis gamo<br />
bednieria eri, romelsac sulier mamad da winamZRvrad<br />
iseTi adamiani hyavs, rogoricaa sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. amitom<br />
savsebiT gasagebia is evforia da enTuziazmi, romelsac<br />
mTeli qarTveloba Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis<br />
ocdameaTe da misi dabadebis samocdameTxuTmete wlisTavze<br />
ganicdis; arasodes y<strong>of</strong>ila marTlmadidebeli qarTveli eri<br />
sarwmunoebrivad ise mTliani da erTiani, rogorc es Cvens<br />
droSia, da am erTianobis brwyinvale simboloa bolo wleb-<br />
Si agebuli wmida samebis grandiozuli sakaTedro taZari,<br />
romelic mfarvelad gadmohyurebs Tbiliss da mTels saqarTvelos.<br />
amasTanave, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II maRali suliereba<br />
emyareba mis pirovnebaSi rwmenisa da codnis Serwymas erTian<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobiTs sistemad, sadac sarwmunoeba da mecniereba<br />
ki ar ewinaaRmdegebian, aramed avseben da asazrdoeben<br />
erTmaneTs. swored es gaxda safuZveli imisa, rom Cveni ka-<br />
Tolikos-patriarqi – mravali universitetis sapatio doqtori<br />
– saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademias erTsulovnad<br />
aerCia Tavis sapatio wevrad – sapatio akademikosad.<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi sul ramdenime SemTxvevaa cnobili umaRlesi rangis<br />
sasuliero piris qveynis mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio<br />
wevrad arCevisa...
dRes saerTaSoriso mecnierebaSi metad aqtualuria<br />
tradiciuli problema codnisa da rwmenis, mecnierebisa da<br />
sarwmunoebis urTierTmimarTebis Taobaze. warsulisa da Cveni<br />
drois udidesi mecnierebi da moazrovneni, rogorc humanitarebi,<br />
aseve sabunebismetyvelo dargebis warmomadgenelni,<br />
Rrmad morwmune adamianebi iyvnen da arian...<br />
ase magaliTad, maqs planki – udidesi mecnieri_bunebismetyveli,<br />
Tanamedrove Teoriuli fizikis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli<br />
– Tvlis, rom mecniereba da sarwmunoeba ki ar upirispirdeba<br />
erTmaneTs, aramed isini avseben erTmaneTs da komplementarulni<br />
arian erTurTis mimarT (nils boris `damatebi-<br />
Tobis principis~ gagebiT), xolo eTikis sfero ki mTlianad<br />
religias ganekuTvneba... swored qristianuli eTika aris mecnieruli<br />
moRvaweobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi sfero kaTolikospatriarqisa,<br />
romelic saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul<br />
akademiaSi `qristianuli Teologiis da religiis istoriis<br />
Semswavlel komisias~ xelmZRvanelobs.<br />
winamdebare krebulSi, romelic mTeli Cveni qveynisa da<br />
xalxisaTvis am RirsSesaniSnav TariRs eZRvneba, Tavmoyrilia<br />
gamoCenili qarTveli da ucxoeli moRvaweebis misalmebebi da<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis umniSvnelovanesi<br />
erovnuli – sasuliero da saero – saqmianobis amsaxveli<br />
werilebi.<br />
vusurvoT Cvens kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetares<br />
ilia II kidev didxans, didxans y<strong>of</strong>iliyos mTeli Cveni<br />
xalxis gamaerTianebeli da sulieri winamZRoli.<br />
akademikosi Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />
akademiis prezidenti.
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis saerTo kreba<br />
dadgenileba # 3<br />
2005 wlis 11 marti<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
sapatio akademikosad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II<br />
arCevis Sesaxeb<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis saerTo kreba<br />
adgens:<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio akademikosad<br />
arCeul iqnes sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
prezidenti, akademikosi T. gamyreliZe
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis 2005 wlis<br />
11 martis saerTo krebis angariSi<br />
Tavmjdomareobs akademiis prezidenti,<br />
akademikosi Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />
(stenografiuli Canaweri)<br />
Tavmjdomare _ batonebo, Zvirfaso kolegebo,<br />
dRes saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis (<strong>of</strong>icialurad, jerjerobiT,<br />
Cvens akademias ewodeba `saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia~, magram,<br />
imedia, sul male mas daerqmeva `saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />
akademia~) did darbazSi Sedgeba akademiis saerTo kreba, romlis dRis<br />
wesrigSi aris erTi sakiTxi _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II arCeva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis sapatio wevrad _ sapatio akademikosad.<br />
dRes Cvens krebas eswrebian saerTo krebis wevrebi; siiTi Semadgenlobis<br />
102 wevridan saerTo krebas eswreba 100 wevri; krebas eswrebian<br />
agreTve akademiis samecniero dawesebulebaTa direqtorebi da institutebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi. amdenad, kreba uflebamosilia Seudges Tavis<br />
saqmianobas.<br />
Cvens dRevandel krebas eswrebian agreTve mravalricxovani stumrebi<br />
_ mTavrobisa da parlamentis wevrebi, aseve Cvens qveyanaSi akreditebuli<br />
elCebi da saqarTveloSi warmodgenili sxvadasxva konfesiis warmomadgenlebi.<br />
rasakvirvelia, isini kenWisyraSi monawileobas ar iReben,<br />
magram sasiamovnoa maTi monawileoba am sazeimo sxdomaSi.<br />
minda mogaxsenoT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
ilia II mokle biografiuli cnobebi.<br />
ilia II, eriskacobaSi _ irakli giorgis Ze RuduSauri-SiolaSvili,<br />
dabadebuli 1933 wels, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
1977 wlidan.<br />
1956 wels daamTavra moskovis sasuliero seminaria, 1960 wels _<br />
sasuliero akademia.<br />
1963 wlidan Semoqmedis episkoposia, 1967 wlidan _ cxum-afxazeTis<br />
episkoposi, 1969 wlidan _ mitropoliti;<br />
1963_72 wlebSi igi mcxeTis sasuliero seminariis reqtoria.<br />
1960 wels RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad daicva<br />
disertacia Temaze _ `aTonis iverTa monastris istoria~.<br />
1978_83 wlebSi iyo eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWos prezidenti; aris
niu-iorkis sasuliero akademiis RvTismetyvelebis sapatio doqtori;<br />
1977 wlidan _ kretis sasuliero akademiis sapatio wevri; imave wlidan<br />
_ gaerosTan arsebuli informatizaciis saerTaSoriso akademiis namdvili<br />
wevri;<br />
1998 wlidan _ amerikis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saRvTismetyvelo<br />
seminariis RvTismetyvelebis sapatio doqtori.<br />
1988 wels sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis TaosnobiT<br />
mcxeTis sasuliero seminaria TbilisSi gadmoitanes da daarsda<br />
Tbilisis sasuliero akademia_seminaria; saukuneTa Semdeg kvlav aRdga<br />
`gelaTis sasuliero akademia~ da eklesiis egidiT _ `gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />
akademia~.<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT Tanamedrove qarTul<br />
enaze gamoica biblia, saRvTismetyvelo krebulebi, wignebi, sami saxis<br />
kalendari da mravali sxva.<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II dajildoebulia ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos,<br />
antioqiis, ierusalimis, aleqsandriis, ruseTis, saqarTvelos,<br />
saberZneTis, bulgareTis, rumineTis patriarqebis, poloneTis, Cexoslovakiisa<br />
da TiTqmis yvela sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRlesi<br />
jildoebiT.<br />
1997 wels, aRsaydrebis 20 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi dajildovda daviT aRmaSeneblis ordeniT.<br />
mefe daviTi iyo ara mxolod mefe-aRmaSenebeli, aramed mefe-ganmana-<br />
Tlebelic, romelmac daafuZna uZvelesi qarTuli samecniero akademiebi;<br />
daviT aRmaSenebeli aris agreTve mfarveli saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
erovnuli akademiisa da swored daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes<br />
daarsda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis didad mniSvnelovani<br />
saqvelmoqmedo fondi _ `mecnierebis, kulturisa da sulierebis<br />
aRorZinebisa da ganviTarebis fondi~, romelmac ukve am mokle<br />
xanSi mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga Cveni sulierebis aRorZinebisa<br />
da ganmtkicebisaTvis.<br />
ai, mokled is gza, romelic ganvlo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II.<br />
me mogaxseneT mokle biografiuli cnobebi da vTxov akademiis<br />
wevrebs, gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi.<br />
akad. m. lorTqifaniZe _ Tqveno uwmidesobav, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqo!<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis prezidento, batono<br />
Tamaz!
qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />
dRes qarTveli xalxis cxovrebaSi da sakuTriv qarTveli inteligenciis,<br />
mecnieruli inteligenciis cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli da<br />
mniSvnelovani dRea. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia asrulebs Tavis<br />
did vals, akeTebs did saqmes da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />
ilia II, irCevs Tavis sapatio wevrad. Cven movismineT uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II biografia da vnaxeT, Tu ramdeni sasuliero<br />
akademiis da arasasuliero akademiebis sapatio da namdvili wevri<br />
brZandeba igi.<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis mier ilia II arCeva Tavis sapatio<br />
wevrad aris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi etapi, romelic ukve metnaklebad<br />
TviTon uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II didi TaosnobiTa da<br />
mondomebiT xorcieldeba CvenSi religiisa da mecnierebis dakavSirebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II TavisTan daaarsa seminari,<br />
sadac moxsenebebi ikiTxeba religiisa da mecnierebis urTierTdakavSirebis<br />
Sesaxeb, da ai, am mxriv, mis mier gadadgmulma nabijma<br />
garkveuli Sedegebic moitana.<br />
garda imisa, rom uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II brZandeba Cveni<br />
erovnuli eklesiis, saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi saWeTmpyrobeli,<br />
is TviTon brZandeba mecnieri. [misi samecniero xarisxi, eklesiis<br />
istoria da qveynis istoria erTi da igivea.] eklesiis istoria<br />
aris qveynis istoriis uSualo Semadgeneli nawili, ase rom, mis mier<br />
daculi xarisxi eklesiis istoriis dargSi namdvilad qveynis istoriis<br />
ganuy<strong>of</strong>eli nawilia. rodesac Cven mis qadagebebs vkiTxulobT,<br />
romelTa didi nawili gamocemulia, aSkarad vxedavT mis mier wamoWril<br />
araerT mecnierul problemas da mecnierul sakiTxs, romlebzec zogjer<br />
TviTon scems pasuxs da romelTa dayeneba mecnierebis winaSe mas aseve<br />
aucileblad miaCnia.<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiisaTvis dRes, rodesac akademia<br />
axal safexurze adis da ganviTarebis axal gzaze gamodis, didi pativia<br />
is, rom uwmidesma da umetaresma Tanxmoba ganacxada da survili gamoTqva,<br />
iyos am akademiis sapatio wevri. vfiqrob, amiT orive mxare bevrs<br />
iZens da iqmneba erTi mniSvnelovani birTvi, romelic mecnierebas, religiis<br />
istoriis mecnierul kvlevas maRal doneze da maRal safexurze<br />
aiyvans.<br />
pirvel rigSi, me piradad did pativad mimaCnia, rom momeca ufleba,<br />
gamovide dRes aq da Cemi azri gamovTqva, da vfiqrob, rom akademiis<br />
wevrebis, visac xmis ufleba gvaqvs, da maTi, visac aq xmis ufleba ara aqvs,<br />
sul erTia, es yvelas saerTo survilia, saerTo sixarulia da vfiqrob,<br />
10
om dRevandeli dRe Seva rogorc erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dRe ara mxolod<br />
qarTuli eklesiisa da qarTuli akademiis, aramed saerTod qarTveli<br />
eris istoriaSi.<br />
gmadlobT (taSi).<br />
Tavmjdomare _ gmadlobT. akademikosi SoTa nadiraSvili.<br />
akad. S. nadiraSvili _ Zvirfaso megobrebo,<br />
saqarTvelos sulierebis istoriaSi marTlac mniSvnelovani dRea.<br />
qalbatonma marikam sworad Tqva, mecnierebisa da religiis daaxloeba<br />
aucilebelia xalxis sulieri ganviTarebisaTvis. samwuxarod, es ori<br />
dargi didi sulierebis samsaxurisa erTmaneTTan dacilebuli iyo aqamde.<br />
CvenTvis naTeli xdeba, rom TandaTan es ori sfero uaxlovdeba<br />
erTmaneTs da qarTveli xalxis erad da saxelmwifod CamoyalibebisTvis<br />
amas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. am saqmeSi mecnierebis mxridan aris<br />
garkveuli muSaobac da warmatebebic, magram udidesi nabijebi am mimar-<br />
TulebiT idgmeba eklesiis mxridan. patriarqis mecadineoba, rom Cveni<br />
mecniereba da religia daukavSirdes erTmaneTs, udidesia. rogorc<br />
iciT, misi epistoleebi miZRvnilia iseTi seriozuli sakiTxebisadmi,<br />
romlebic sulierebis ganviTarebas exeba rogorc rwmenis, sarwmunoebis,<br />
ise mecnierebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
Tqven moismineT biografia, romelSic saocari simdidriT aris<br />
warmodgenili Cveni patriarqis moRvaweoba rogorc eklesiaSi, ise<br />
mecnierebaSi. me vecnobodi am epistoleebs da unda giTxraT, rom maTSi<br />
saocari simaxviliT aris dasmuli is sakiTxebi, romlebic dRes Cvens<br />
qveyanas sWirdeba, rasac fsiqologia unda akeTebdes; iseTi cnebebi,<br />
rogoric aris damoukideblobis, Tavisuflebis, azrovnebis, aRzrdis<br />
sakiTxebi.<br />
misi xelmZRvanelobiT Seiqmna mecnierebisa da kulturis gadarCenis<br />
fondi _ Tavidanve daiwyo didi saqmiT; mis epistoleebSi mocemulia<br />
mowodeba qarTuli mecnierebis mimarTac, rom Cvens mecnierebas sWirdeba<br />
iseTi monacemebi, romelTa safuZvelzec Cveni xalxi, Cveni axalgazrda<br />
Taoba aRizrdeba im aspeqtebiT, romlebiTac is gaxdeba didi<br />
Semoqmedi sulieri TvalsazrisiT, saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
azrovnebisa da moralis TvalsazrisiT. mis epistoleebSi<br />
saintereso sakiTxebi dgas da minda swored maTze, Cveni axalgazrdobis<br />
aRzrdisa da gonebrivi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb vTqva mokled. aRzrdis<br />
sakiTxebi Cvenma patriarqma daukavSira narkologiis im saSiSroebas,<br />
romelic udides uary<strong>of</strong>iT gavlenas axdens Cvens axalgazrdobaze da<br />
igi ganixila saerTo konteqstSi aRzrdis TvalsazrisiT: Cveni Taoba<br />
unda Camoyalibdes rogorc garkveuli inteleqtualuri, aseve aSkara<br />
11
miznobrivi sistemis safuZvelze; mas unda hqondes miswrafeba, mas unda<br />
hqondes amocanebi, miznebi, romelTa Sesruleba adamianebs nebisy<strong>of</strong>as<br />
uviTarebs. aseve xazi gaesva Cveni axalgazrdobis muSaobas amocanebis<br />
gadawyvetis, problemebis gadaWris TvalsazrisiT, rac, misi azriT, da<br />
samarTlianadac, azrovnebisa da inteleqtualuri mxaris ganviTarebasa<br />
da Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels. saocari mecnieruli alRoTi aris<br />
dayenebuli sakiTxebi, romlebzec Cven, fsiqologebi, unda vmuSaobdeT.<br />
vfiqrob, rom akademiam dRes seriozuli nabiji unda gadadgas im<br />
TvalsazrisiT, rom eris samsaxuri da mecnierebis samsaxuri gaerTiandes,<br />
dauaxlovdes erTmaneTs. Cven yvela, me mgoni, Zalian moxarulni<br />
varT, rom eklesia da mecniereba ase ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs im pirovnebis<br />
saxiT, visac aseTi didi wvlili aqvs Setanili rogorc religiur saqmianobaSi,<br />
ise mecnierebis sakiTxebis dasmaSi, gadawyvetasa da mowodebaSi.<br />
me piradad mixaria, rom aseTi Temebi SeiZleba Cveni institutis muSaobaSic<br />
gaCndes; es faqtobrivad dagvisaxa kidec uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
da amis Sesruleba iqneba CvenTvis udidesi pativi, udidesi saqmianoba.<br />
darwmunebuli var, Cveni akademiis wevrebi da wevr-korespondentebi<br />
udidesi siamovnebiT miiReben monawileobas da yvela xmas mivcemT<br />
Cvens cnobil moRvawes, rom gaxdes Cveni akademiis sapatio wevri. es<br />
iqneba CvenTvis didi pativi, Cveni saqmianobis gagrZeleba, romelsac<br />
dRes bevri siZnele aqvs da problemis gadawyvetis saqmeSi Cven erTad<br />
vimuSavebT.<br />
gmadlobT yuradRebisaTvis (taSi).<br />
Tavmjdomare _ akademikosi daviT musxeliSvili.<br />
akad. d. musxeliSvili _ Tqveno uwmidesobav, batono prezidento,<br />
qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />
dRes rac xdeba am darbazSi, friad mniSvnelovania ara mxolod akademiisaTvis,<br />
aramed Cveni qveynisaTvis saerTod, radgan es aqcia misi<br />
uwmidesobis sapatio wevrad arCevisa akademiaSi, Cemi azriT, ara marto<br />
imis maCvenebelia, rom amiT gamoixateba mecnierebisa da eklesiis urTierTsasargeblo<br />
kavSiri, aramed, Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, imis damadasturebelia,<br />
rom saqarTvelos kulturis am ori didi sferos warmomadgenlebis<br />
sazogadoebrivi principebi erTiania. ra principebia es? pirvel<br />
rigSi, es aris zneobrioba, romelsac qarTuli qristianuli eklesia<br />
imTaviTve nergavda, avrcelebda Cvens qveyanaSi. mecniereba bolos da<br />
bolos aris simarTlis Tqma, amitom WeSmariti mecnieri amave dros WeSmaritad<br />
zneobrivi adamianic unda iyos.<br />
cnobilia, rom mas Semdeg, rac qristianoba saqarTvelos saxelmwifo<br />
religia gaxda, mTeli Cveni istoria mimarTuli iyo am sarwmu-<br />
12
noebis dacvisaken. meore mxriv, qarTuli qristianoba udides rols<br />
asrulebda Cveni erovnuli konsolidaciisa da Cveni erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
teritoriis erTianobis SesanarCuneblad. samwuxarod, es<br />
problema dResac mTeli sicxadiT dgas Cven winaSe. aq ar vgulisxmob mxolod<br />
afxazeTs da Sida qarTls, aramed mxedvelobaSi maqvs is proeqti,<br />
romelic warmodgenilia dRes federaciul principze saqarTvelos momavali<br />
administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis Taobaze; mecnierebis<br />
da, kerZod, istorikosebis azriT, igi araferi sikeTis momtani ar<br />
SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelosTvis da mecnierebi moxarulni varT, rom<br />
eklesiis azric igivea da eklesia am zemoxsenebuli teritoriuli danawevrebis<br />
winaaRmdegia. amas mowmobs Tundac is, rom Cvens institutSi<br />
mowyobili specialuri diskusiis dros swored sapatriarqos warmomadgeneli<br />
adasturebs am Tvalsazriss.<br />
dasasrul, minda aRvniSno, rom qristianul, kerZod, qarTul eklesias<br />
udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda istoriulad Cveni eris ganaTlebisa<br />
da mecnierebis ganviTarebaSi. TiTqmis yvela didi mecnieri qarTuli<br />
saeklesio wridan iyo gamosuli; me istoriul xanas vgulisxmob, rasakvirvelia.<br />
dResac, rodesac Cvens mecnierebas sxvaTa da sxvaTa mizezTa<br />
gamo prestiJuloba dakarguli aqvs, eklesia mxarSi udgas mecnierebas<br />
da mis ganviTarebas. amis dasturi gaxlavT Tundac is, rom Cvens institutSi<br />
Cveni patriarqis, ilia II, egidiT 2000 wels Seiqmna qristianuli<br />
kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri, romelmac ramdenime saerTaSoriso<br />
konferencia ukve Caatara da ramdenime Jurnali gamosca, raSic aqtiur<br />
monawileobas iRebdnen sapatriarqos warmomadgenlebic.<br />
amisive dasturia amas winaT Seqmnili _ Cveni patriarqis piradi<br />
iniciativiT _ sulierebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis aRorZinebisa<br />
da ganviTarebis fondi. es yvelaferi maZlevs uflebas imis Tqmisa, rom<br />
eklesiisa da mecnierebisaTvis rogorc zneobrivi, ise politikuri da<br />
kulturuli principebi saerTo gaxlavT. amisive dasturi unda iyos<br />
is, rom misi uwmidesoba daTanxmda, arCeuliyo Cveni akademiis sapatio<br />
wevrad.<br />
mivesalmebi am faqts; albaT, mTeli mecnieruli sazogadoeba<br />
miesalmeba amas. imeds gamovTqvam da mjera, rom es kavSiri mecnierebisa<br />
da eklesiisa momavalSi kidev ufro mWidro da nay<strong>of</strong>ieri gaxdeba Cveni<br />
qveynis sakeTildReod. gmadlobT (taSi).<br />
Tavmjdomare _ gmadlobT. sityva eZleva akademikos roin metrevels.<br />
akad. r. metreveli _ Tqveno uwmidesobav, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqo!<br />
13
atono prezidento,<br />
batono mTavrobis wevrebo, parlamentarebo,<br />
qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />
dRes erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi dRea Cvens cxovrebaSi, mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis, qarTuli sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi. es ar aris ubralo<br />
faqti _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis arCeva saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio wevrad. mqonda didi pativi, 1977<br />
wlis 25 dekembers vy<strong>of</strong>iliyavi sveticxovlis taZarSi, sadac sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad aRsaydrebul iqna misi uwmidesoba<br />
ilia II. am TariRs xazs imitom vusvam, rom aqedan daiwyo garkveulad<br />
axali mimarTuleba qarTul samociqulo marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi. es<br />
iyo inteleqtualuri mimarTuleba, es iyo axali kavSirebi mecnierebasTan,<br />
axali kavSirebi ganaTlebasTan, kulturasTan da yovelive amis<br />
moTave gaxldaT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II.<br />
erTi wuTiTac ar gamovricxav aq yvela winamorbedis uzarmazar amagsa<br />
da Rvawls, misi uwmidesobis winamorbedebisas, romlebmac udidesi<br />
amagi dasdes saqarTvelos, mis kulturas, mis istorias gansakuTrebiT<br />
rTul periodSi.<br />
mogexsenebaT, rom 1917 wels aRdga qarTuli avtokefaliuri eklesia<br />
da misi pirveli kaTolikos-patriarqi kirioni gaxldaT, uaRresad<br />
didi moRvawe, mecnieri. kirionma akurTxa Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
1918 wels. Semdgom misi gza gaagrZela uwmidesma leonidem<br />
da gansakuTrebiT minda gamovyo ambrosi xelaia, romelic leonides<br />
Semdeg ramdenime wlis manZilze moRvaweobda da romlis saxelTan<br />
mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli saqarTvelosadmi siyvaruli, qveynis<br />
bedze fiqri; Semdeg iyvnen: qristefore da kalistrate cincaZe, romlis<br />
uzarmazari roli gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos; Semdeg melqisedeki,<br />
efremi da uwmidesi daviTi. aq araferia dasamali, rodesac uwmidesi<br />
ilia II kaTolikos-patriarqis taxtze iqna aRsaydrebuli, sagangebo<br />
trapezi iqna gadaxdili da iq sruliad somexTa kaTolikosma vazgenma<br />
warmoTqva Zalian saintereso sityva; man umaRlesi Sefaseba misca ilia<br />
II winamorbedTa mier gaweul Rvawls da Tqva, rom roca me movedi, somxeTis<br />
eklesiis mrevli maSin ar iyo didi, dangreuli iyo eklesiebi da<br />
Semdeg bevri ram gakeTda; dRes Tqvenc am mdgomareobaSi xarTo, _ mimarTa<br />
man kaTolikos-patriarqs, _ magram Rrmad var darwmunebuli, rom qar-<br />
Tuli eklesia aRdgeba, aRorZindeba, gafarTovdeba da misi mSenebloba<br />
farTod gaiSlebao. da marTlac, es Sesrulda, es aris misi uwmidesobis<br />
didi amagi.<br />
minda xazi gavusva im garemoebas, rom misi uwmidesobis samecniero<br />
14
moRvaweoba farTo da mravlismomcvelia. mxedvelobaSi maqvs is epistoleebi,<br />
romlebsac igi saaRdgomod Tu saSobaod gamoscems, gansakuTrebiT<br />
minda aRvniSno bolo saSobao epistole, romelic aucileblad<br />
samagido wignad unda gamoviyenoT, sadac mTeli sigrZe-siganiT<br />
aris ganxiluli dRevandeli viTareba saqarTvelosi da is problemebi,<br />
romlebic qveynis winaSe dgas, problemebi, romelTac udidesi mniSvneloba<br />
aqvs saxelmwifoebrivi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. amiT imis<br />
Tqma minda, rom kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II yovelTvis mzad aris,<br />
rom saxelmwifos samsaxurSi, qveynis samsaxurSi, xalxis samsaxurSi<br />
idges da man es araerTgzis daamtkica, araerTgzis moimoqmeda iseTi<br />
ram, rac sanimuSo iyo yvela qarTvelisTvis.<br />
minda mogagonoT 1991_92 wlebi, rodesac praqtikulad sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma uzarmazari misia ikisra, misia<br />
Cveni orad gaxleCili sazogadoebis Serigebisa da bevri sasikeTo saqmec<br />
gaakeTa. misi uwmidesoba gaxlavT mravali akademiis wevri, mravali<br />
universitetis sapatio doqtori; aq yvela iyo CamoTvlili. 2003 wels<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
sapatio doqtorad iqna arCeuli. is aris didi megobari universitetisa,<br />
didi megobari studentebisa, didi megobari Cveni pr<strong>of</strong>esurisa<br />
da is xuTSabaTobebi, romlebsac igi atarebs, mTeli rigi RonisZiebebi,<br />
romlebsac igi udgas saTaveSi, Cveni xalxis, qveynis, mecnierebis, gana-<br />
Tlebis sasikeTod aris gamiznuli.<br />
me, rasakvirvelia, ise rogorc yvela Tqvengani, mxars vuWer da mivesalmebi<br />
im gadawyvetilebas, romelsac Cven miviRebT, rom sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II arCeul iqnes saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio wevrad (taSi).<br />
Tavmjdomare _ batonebo, mivmarTav saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
saerTo krebas, saerTo krebis wevrebs _ akademikosebs, wevr-korespondentebsa<br />
da institutebis warmomadgenlebs:<br />
Cveni wesdebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio<br />
wevris arCeva xdeba faruli an Ria kenWisyriT. Semomaqvs winadadeba,<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II avirCioT<br />
akademiis sapatio wevrad Ria kenWisyriT (taSi).<br />
amdenad, me vayeneb winadadebas _ akademiis saerTo krebis wevrTagan<br />
vin aris momxre imisa, rom sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II arCeul iqnes saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis sapatio wevrad?<br />
gmadlobT.<br />
vin aris winaaRmdegi? aravin.<br />
15
Tavi vin Seikava? aravin.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II arCeulia saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio akademikosad<br />
(xangrZlivi taSi).<br />
Tavmjdomare _ sityva aqvs saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
sapatio akademikoss, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs<br />
ilia II.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II _ batono prezidento, qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />
upirveles yovlisa, yvelas mogesalmebiT da madlobas mogaxsenebT<br />
am didi wodebis moniWebisaTvis. me Tavs vixri Cveni mecnierebis winaSe<br />
da minda vTqva, rom didia Tqveni Rvawli, Tqveni wvlili erisa da eklesiis<br />
winaSe, Cveni qveynis winaSe. Zveli romaelebi ambobdnen Tempora<br />
mutantur et nos mutamur in illis _ `droni icvlebian da Cvenc vicvlebiT<br />
maTTan erTad~. es istoriuli aqti, romelic am wuTebSi xdeba, warmoudgeneli<br />
iqneboda sabWoTa kavSiris dros; es aris pirveli SemTxveva,<br />
rom saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi arCeul iqna mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
sapatio wevrad.<br />
me minda vTqva, rom saqarTvelos tradicia, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
tradicia, iyo da rCeba is, rom eklesia da mecniereba iyo metad<br />
daaxloebuli erTmaneTTan. Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom TiTqmis<br />
yvela monasteri iyo ara marto didi sulierebis centri, aramed iyo<br />
didi mecnieruli savane, sadac iwereboda originaluri wignebi, sadac<br />
iTargmneboda sxvadasxva mecnieruli da saRvTismetyvelo wignebi da sadac<br />
moRvaweobdnen didi mecnierebi.<br />
aviRoT, Tundac, Cveni gelaTis akademia; roca daviT aRmaSenebelma<br />
daaarsa gelaTis akademia, Tqven iciT, rom man misca aseTi wodeba Tu<br />
gegma, rom is unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo axali ierusalimi _ Tavisi didi sulierebiT,<br />
da meore aTina _ Tavisi didi mecnierebiT.<br />
Cven mTeli istoriis manZilze vcdilobdiT da vcdilobT, rom ganvaxorcieloT<br />
es anderZi didi mefis daviT aRmaSeneblisa. ar SeiZleba<br />
Cven vicxovroT mxolod Cveni warsuliT, ar SeiZleba Cven viamayoT<br />
mxolod Cveni didi istoriiT, aramed, upirveles yovlisa, dRes unda<br />
vifiqroT dRevandel dReze, dRevandel pirobebze, im siZneleebze, romlebic<br />
dgas eris winaSe, da unda vifiqroT momavalze.<br />
upirveles yovlisa, erma, eklesiam da saxelmwifom da, pirvel rig-<br />
Si, Cvenma mecnierebma, unda vifiqroT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras unda warmoadgendes<br />
qarTuli idea, qarTuli ideologia, is idea, romelic gadaar-<br />
Cens sruliad saqarTvelos.<br />
16
Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom uwmidessa da unetaress kalistrate<br />
cincaZes hqonda SesaniSnavi praqtika, romelsac Cven vagrZelebT: yovel<br />
xuTSabaTs imarTeboda Sexvedrebi mecnierebTan. ra Tqma unda, es ar<br />
iyo politikuri sakiTxebi imitom, rom es metad saSiSi iyo maSin; es<br />
iyo mecnieruli sakiTxebi _ es iyo ekonomika, es iyo filos<strong>of</strong>ia, es<br />
iyo xalxis cxovreba da yovelma mecnierma icoda, rom am dRes, xuTSabaT<br />
saRamos, kaTolikos-patriarqis kari mudam Ria iyo da mravali<br />
mecnieri ikribeboda masTan. amas hqonda udidesi mniSvneloba. Tqven<br />
mogexsenebaT, rom uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate iyo mmarTveli<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiisa yvelaze mZime wlebSi _ 1932-dan 1952 wlamde _<br />
20 wlis ganmavlobaSi. es is wlebi iyo, roca mravali represirebuli<br />
adamiani iyo, roca angrevdnen taZrebs, monastrebs. iyo iseTi periodi,<br />
roca kaTolikos-patriarqi sionis eklesiis ezoSi patara binaSi cxovrobda<br />
da iyo SemTxvevebi, roca mas akrZaluli hqonda saxlidan sionis<br />
taZarSi Sesvla. igi faqtobriv patimrobaSi imy<strong>of</strong>eboda; ra Tqma unda,<br />
is rezidencia, romelSic dRes Cven varT, maSin CamorTmeuli iyo; iyo<br />
iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca mTeli sinodi patimrobaSi iyo da uwmidesma da<br />
unetaresma gauZlo amas da saqarTvelos eklesia gadaarCina fizikur ganadgurebas.<br />
ra Tqma unda, upirveles yovlisa, xalxis mxardaWera hqonda<br />
mas da roca Cven vuyurebT ai am bolo periods, am 27 wels, romlebic me<br />
marguna ufalma, rom viyo saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, es iyo<br />
umZimesi wlebi. upirveles yovlisa, Tqven kargad gaqvT warmodgenili<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris periodi, xelisuflebis Secvla _ amas hqonda Zalian<br />
mZime Sedegebi rogorc Cveni eklesiisTvis, ise Cveni erisTvis, magram<br />
miuxedavad am siZneleebisa, eklesia mainc, neli nabijiT, magram mainc<br />
win midioda.<br />
Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom saqarTvelos ukavia rTuli geopolitikuri<br />
mdebareoba. me maxsendeba Cemi Sexvedra vatikanSi, mis uwmidesobasTan<br />
romis papTan ioane pavle II-sTan. es iyo pirveli Sexvedra<br />
da man gadmoiRo ruka, uyurebda saqarTvelos mdebareobas da ambobda, ra<br />
rTuli adgili gikaviaT Tqveno. me vuTxari, rom Cven mudam vibrZodiT,<br />
mudam vicavdiT Cvens enas, Cvens kulturas, Cvens eklesias, mudam brZolaSi<br />
viyaviT da man Tqva, rom albaT amitomac xarT Tqven Zlierebi, rom<br />
gauZeliT amaso. dResac aris es brZola, ufro sworad, dResac saWiroebs<br />
Cveni qveyana dacvas. Cvens qveyanas rukaze iseTi adgili ukavia, rom<br />
saqarTvelos sWirdeba dacva.<br />
me vfiqrob, rom mecnierebaTa akademiam unda gamoTqvas Tavisi rekomendaciebi<br />
saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSic, es Zalian mniSvnelovania.<br />
me mimaCnia, rom im metad mniSvnelovan da faseul Sromebs,<br />
17
omlebic Tqven gaqvT, unda icnobdes xalxi, unda icnobdes Cveni axalgazrdoba;<br />
Cveni axalgazrdoba unda aRvzardoT Tqvens Sromebze. maT<br />
unda icodnen, rom yoveli Tqvengani aris udidesi mecnieri, cnobili<br />
ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi. me vfiqrob, rom Cven<br />
yvelafers gavakeTebT da gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
fondi yvelafers gaakeTebs imisaTvis, rom mxarSi amovudgeT Cvens<br />
mecnierebs da aRvadginoT kavSiri mecnierebaTa akademiasa da Cvens axalgazrda<br />
Taobas Soris.<br />
Tqven albaT yuradReba miaqcieT saeklesio droSas, romelzec gamosaxulia<br />
wmida ninos jvari da jvars garSemo misdevs farTo, ganieri da<br />
ufro viwro lurji feris zoli; ganieri da viwro zolebi uerTdeba<br />
erTmaneTs jvris garSemo da es swored imis miTiTebaa, rom kavSiri unda<br />
iyos ufrossa da umcros TaobaTa Soris. es yvelaferi saqarTvelos sakeTildReod<br />
unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.<br />
me madlobeli viqnebi, Tu Tqvengan miviReb rCevebs, rekomendaciebs.<br />
imedi maqvs, rom Cven mWidro kavSiri gveqneba.<br />
minda gavixseno erT-erTi xuTSabaTi, roca mqonda Sexvedra Cvens poetebTan<br />
da mwerlebTan. am Sexvedras eswreboda Cveni cnobili, didi poeti<br />
moris focxiSvili. maxsendeba, sul bolos gamovida moris focxiSvili.<br />
is xSirad depresiaSi vardeboda, imitom rom kargavda mxedvelobas; man<br />
Tqva saocari ram _ dRes me RmerTma meored gadamarCinao. yvelam didi<br />
interesiT dauwyo mosmena; maSin me axalgazrda viyavio, TbilisSi xidze<br />
gadavdiodi, viRac biWma mkra xeli da gadamagdo mtkvarSio. me curva ar<br />
vicodi, wamiRo wyalma, me davkarge gonebao; Semdeg wyalma amomagdo<br />
sionis wino. es aris kalistrates periodi. Seatyobines kalistrates,<br />
kalistrate Casula napirze. maSin sanapiro gza ar iyo da wyali pirdapir<br />
modioda SenobasTan. imdenad axlos iyo SenobasTan, rom fanjrebidan<br />
Tevzsac iWerdnen. Casula uwmidesi kalistrate, dauwyia locva,<br />
moasulieres, gacocxlda es adamiani da dadga didi pirovneba, didi poeti.<br />
ai, dRes me Tavis mokvlas vapirebdi, gadavwyvite, rom mivsuliyavi<br />
fanjarasTan da fanjridan gadavvardniliyavio. ai, im dros, roca igi<br />
amaze fiqrobda, Tu rogor mividoda fanjarasTan da am saSinel saqmes<br />
Caidenda, mas urekaven telefoniT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos kancelariidan<br />
da eubnebian, rom patriarqi giwvevT sapatriarqoSio; da ai aman<br />
gadaarCina igi. imdenad madlobeli iyo da imdenad ganmtkicda masSi rwmena,<br />
rom gardacvalebis win man datova Tavisi anderZi _ mcxeTis dedaTa<br />
monastris ezoSi damasaflaveTo. ai, aseTi SemTxveva iyo...<br />
me minda mogaxsenoT, rom saqarTvelos eklesia iyo da iqneba Cveni<br />
eris, Cveni qveynis samsaxurSi da piradad Tqvens samsaxurSi. me kidev<br />
18
erTxel madlobas mogaxsenebT am maRali wodebisaTvis (taSi).<br />
ismis mravalJamieri (taSi).<br />
Tavmjdomare _ batonebo, mravali qveynis akademiaSi sazeimo sxdomebi<br />
iwyeba musikaluri SesavliT da mTavrdeba agreTve musikiT. avstriis<br />
akademiaSi, magaliTad, aseTi sazeimo sxdomebi iwyeba, rogorc wesi,<br />
haidniT da mTavrdeba mocartiT. Cvenc gvinda SemoviRoT tradicia da<br />
aseTi sazeimo sxdomebi saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi<br />
davamTavroT qarTuli galobiT.<br />
kidev erTxel mivulocoT uwmidessa da unetaress da saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa erovnul akademias es SesaniSnavi dRe _ sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II arCeva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
erovnuli akademiis sapatio wevrad _ sapatio akademikosad (xangrZlivi<br />
taSi).<br />
19
mravalJamier<br />
saqarTvelos istoriaSi Znelad Tu moiZebneba pirovneba,<br />
romelsac amdeni siTbo, siyvaruli, xalxis pativiscema<br />
da popularoba moepovebinos. es gaxlavT sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />
II. arafers vityvi mis did amagsa da Rvawlze, romelic uwmidess<br />
qveynis winaSe, qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
aRorZineba-aRmSeneblobaSi miuZRvis. es sayovelTaod cnobilia.<br />
CemTvis fasdaudebelia is yuradReba, romelsac igi qarTuli<br />
xelovnebisadmi iCens. misi yoveli rCeva _ es maRali<br />
rangis pr<strong>of</strong>esionalis RaRadisia da uTuod gasaTvaliswinebelia.<br />
patriarqi gansakuTrebuli gulisxmierebiT adevnebs<br />
Tvalyurs TbilisSi `yeenis mTaze~ masStaburi mxatvruli<br />
kompleqsis _ `saqarTvelos matianis~ samuSaoebs, romelsac<br />
ager ukve oci welia vawarmoebT. uwmidesi araerTgzis swvevia<br />
kompleqss, metad sagulisxmo survilebi gamouTqvams.<br />
arc kmay<strong>of</strong>ileba daumalavs _ misTvis gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia<br />
saqarTvelos istoriis Tavmoyrilad warmoCena mxatvruli<br />
saxeebiT. patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT eklesiac aigo,<br />
romelmac daamSvena Zegli.<br />
CemTvis ilia II-sTan yoveli Sexvedra didi bednierebaa. igi<br />
araerTgzis y<strong>of</strong>ila CemTan saxelosnoebSi, Tbilissa Tu moskovSi<br />
da keTil survilebTan erTad didi siTbo dautovebia.<br />
dauviwyari iqneba misi viziti moskovSi 2007 wlis 1_5 marts.<br />
STambeWdavi iyo ori patriarqis _ ilia II da aleqsi II mier<br />
erToblivi liturgiis aRvlena qriste-macxovris taZarSi<br />
(vamayob, rom am taZris ageba-SeqmnaSi Cemi didi wvlilia Cadebuli).<br />
mqonda pativi, orive patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT,<br />
orive maTganis skulptura Semeqmna. im fonze, roca ruseTis<br />
patriarqi uwmidesi aleqsi II xmamaRla aRiarebs (es erTxel<br />
kidev gamoCnda qriste-macxovris taZarSi ori patriarqis er-<br />
Toblivi qadagebisas) saqarTvelos teritoriul mTliano-<br />
21
asa da qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis erTianobas, es<br />
skulpturebic ori, qarTuli da rusuli eklesiebis erTianobis<br />
simbolod mimaCnia.<br />
dRes qarTveli xalxisTvis, sruliad saqarTvelosTvis,<br />
ilia II mwyemsmTavroba didi bednierebaa. ufalma qveyanas mouvlina<br />
pirovneba, romelic siTbos, siyvaruls afrqvevs, sikeTes<br />
Tesavs da imedad gadahgebia mTels ers. minda SevTxovo<br />
ufals, rom es imedi ar mouSalos RvTismSoblis wilxvedr<br />
saqarTvelos.<br />
vulocav dabadebidan 75 welsa da sapatriarqo taxtze<br />
aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavs sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqsa<br />
da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposs, uwmidessa<br />
da unetaress ilia II. mravalJamier sicocxlesa da mxneobas<br />
vusurveb qarTveli erisa da sruliad saqarTvelos sulier<br />
mamas.<br />
SevTxov ufals _ ilia II locva-kurTxeva ar moaklos sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos.<br />
akademikosi zurab wereTeli<br />
23
eris moZRvari<br />
`adamianis cxovreba _ es aris rTuli gza, romelic yvelam<br />
unda ganvlos. da am gzaze yovel adamians RvTisagan mocemuli<br />
aqvs Tavisi jvari: zogs ufro mZime, zogs _ naklebad. da<br />
es jvari TiToeulma Cvenganma bolomde unda miitanos. ufali<br />
gveweva da Cvenc erTmaneTs unda SevewioT, SevumsubuqoT<br />
erTmaneTs cxovrebis tvirTi, romelic RmerTma gvarguna...<br />
magram zogs SeuZlia itvirTos sxvisi simZime, zogs ki _ ara.<br />
es adamianis rwmenaze, mis sulierebazea damokidebuli~.<br />
es sityvebi uwmidesis da unetaresis erT-erTi sakvirao<br />
qadagebidan gaxlavT da minda aRvniSno, rom isini saukeTesod<br />
gamoxataven am adamianis mrwamssa da mis sulierebas, mis<br />
unars itvirTos da Rirseulad ataros mTeli eris simZime.<br />
arian qveynad adamianebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan adgils<br />
ikaveben sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi, magram maTgan mxolod er-<br />
Teulebs miuCens xolme gansakuTrebul adgils Tavis gulSi<br />
xalxi. epoqa qmnis adamianebs, Cven yvela Cveni drois Svilebi<br />
varT, magram unda vaRiaroT, rom rCeulni Tavad qmnian epoqas,<br />
saxes ucvlian dros da akeTilSobileben sazogadoebas,<br />
romelSic cxovroben. mdidari da didbunebovania eri, romlis<br />
wiaRSic ibadebian aseTi pirovnebebi. 30 weli sruldeba<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />
unetaresis ilia II aRsaydrebidan da Znelia ar vaRiaroT,<br />
raoden rTuli iyo es dro marTlmadideblobisTvis. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, swored am periodSi qarTuli eklesiisaTvis da<br />
albaT mTeli erisTvisac axali epoqa Seiqmna. usazRvrod ganaTlebul<br />
pirovnebas, SesaniSnav RvTismetyvel-mecniers yur-<br />
24
adRebis miRma ar darCenia Tavisi eris arc erTi tkivili, iyo<br />
yovelTvis iq, sadac yvelaze metad sWirdeboda Tavis xalxs...<br />
dRes Znelad moiZebneba sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis sfero,<br />
romelsac ar etyobodes patriarqis keTilismy<strong>of</strong>eli gavlena,<br />
iqneba es aRmSenebloba, mecniereba, ganaTleba, kultura an<br />
Tundac nebismieri SeWirvebulis daxmareba da nugeSiscema...<br />
keTilSobileba udidesi samkaulia nebismieri adamianisaTvis,<br />
romel sferoSic unda moRvaweobdes igi, miT ufro,<br />
Tu mas xelewifeba zRva keTilSobilebisa eris rwmenaze, sulierebaze<br />
zrunvas miuZRvnas. mxolod rCeulTa xvedria am<br />
tvirTis Rirseulad tareba. swored am keTilSobilebis gamo<br />
uwmidesis saxeli ganuyrelad ukavSirdeba sikeTes, qvelmoqmedebas,<br />
samSoblosa da xalxis siyvaruls.<br />
misi pirovnuli Rirsebani da cxovrebis gza samagaliToa,<br />
rameTu gansaxierebaa imisa, Tu rogori unda iyos WeSmariti<br />
mamuliSvili, am sityvis saukeTeso gagebiT.<br />
araerTxel mqonia bedniereba patriarqTan Sexvedrisa da<br />
minda vaRiaro, rom masTan urTierToba iSviaTi siamovnebaa...<br />
SeuZlebelia ar moixiblo Sinaganad uaRresad inteligenti,<br />
saocrad Tavmdabali da didbunebovani pirovnebiT. mas ukve<br />
75 weli usruldeba da Tu gadavxedavT misi cxovrebis gzas da<br />
mis moRvaweobas, davinaxavT, rom qarTveli xalxi tyuilad<br />
ar miiCnevs mas eris moZRvrad.<br />
minda kidev erTxel gulwrfelad gamovxato uRrmesi pativiscema<br />
da siyvaruli misi ganumeoreblad momxiblavi<br />
pirovnebis mimarT. suliTa da guliT mivuloco mas dabadebis<br />
dRe, vusurvo janmrTeloba, bedniereba da didxans sicocxle<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos sasikeTod da sasixarulod.<br />
akademikosi fridon Todua<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
pirveli vice-prezidenti<br />
16. 08. 07.<br />
25
erToba sarwmunoebisa<br />
erTobas erisas moaswavebs!<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav, gilocavT dabadebis 75 da aRsaydrebis<br />
30 wlisTavs, mravalJamier sicocxles gisurvebT Cveni eris<br />
sakeTildReod, erisa, romelsac ase esaWiroeba dRes Tqveni<br />
imediani sityva!<br />
amasTan dakavSirebiT ar SeiZleba ar mogvagondes didi<br />
ilias naTqvami: `qristes rjuli qarTvelebisaTvis marto<br />
sarwmunoebiTi aRsareba ki ar iyo, igi amasTan erTad politikuri<br />
qviTkiric iyo saqarTvelos mraval nawilebis gasaerTianeblad<br />
da Semosakrebad. erToba sarwmunoebisa erTobas<br />
erisas moaswavebda. dro iyo amisTana da sxva ara-ra elementi<br />
maSin SemZlebel ar iyo es Cveni istoriis dasabamidam<br />
sasurveli erToba daedgina. sxvaTa Soris, qarTveli eri amisaTvis<br />
ufrTxildeboda Tavis rjuls, romelic Tavis Sinagan<br />
Rirsebis garda, duRabobas uwevda erTobas. am sikeTes didi<br />
xania miagnes CvenTa bedis-gamgebelTa da ar aris CvenSi arc<br />
erTi saxelganTqmuli kaci, an mefe, rom, sxvaTa Soris, am<br />
TvaliT ar eyurebina qristes sarwmunoebisaTvis. amitomac<br />
moacalebdaT Tu ara politikuri triali bedisa, yoveli<br />
maTgani scdilobda, arafers zogavda, qristes rjuli, Sinagnis<br />
RirsebiT gandidebuli da mimzidveli, gareTa RirsebiTac<br />
ganedidebinaT, gaemSvenierebinaT da misi monastrebi<br />
da taZrebi yvelgan moefinaT qristes rjulis saxsovrad da<br />
sadideblad~.<br />
magramo, iqve gvafrTxilebs Cveni ugvirgvino mefe, avi suliviT<br />
Tan dagvyveba is uCinari mteri, romelic dResac cdilobs,<br />
Ziri gamouTxaros, fesvebi gadauWras wmida samebas _<br />
26
mamulis, enisa da sarwmunoebis erTobas, gadaRrRnas Cveni<br />
sasicocxlo ZarRvi da `Cvens mSveniers qveyanas, rogorc upatrono<br />
saydars, sxvani daepatronebian~-o!<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav, Tqven kvlav fxizlad dgaxarT wmida<br />
samebis _ mamulis, enisa da sarwmunoebis sadarajoze da<br />
mogviwodebT, rom `dRes Cven yvelaferi unda gavakeToT imisaTvis,<br />
rom davicvaT Cveni erovnuli faseulobani, meoba,<br />
is tradiciuli da sulieri Rirebulebani, romlebic sauku-<br />
27
neebis manZilze Seinaxa Cvenma erma”! Tqvens did damsaxurebas<br />
Cveni erisa da qveynis mimarT adrec araerTgzis Sevxebivar,<br />
aq aRvniSnav mxolod imas, rom Tqveni iniciativiT Seiqmna<br />
saqvelmoqmedo fondi _ `sulierebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis<br />
aRorZineba da ganviTareba~, samkvdro-sasicocxlo<br />
brZola gamoucxadeT narkomanias da dRes CvenSi uyuradRebobiT<br />
galaRebul ukeTurobasa da uzneobas! icavT Cvens axalgazrdobas<br />
amoralurobis safrTxisagan! baZviT morcxvic<br />
gaurcxvdebiso, uTqvams Cvens did winapars!<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav, bunebrivia, gavixseno aq Cemi leqsi,<br />
miZRvnili wmida ninosadmi, romelsac `avalebda rwmena~, axalgazrda<br />
qali martodmarto dasdgomoda uSores gzas saqarTvelosaken,<br />
raTa qristes rjulze moeqcia igi!<br />
ninos naTeli dResac saqarTvelos Tavzea, raic imis mauwyebelia,<br />
rom Cveni qveyana kvlav Seuvalia, rom `arseba misi<br />
grZelia!”.<br />
Cems Tqvendami am patara werils Tan erTvis zemoxsenebuli<br />
leqsis avtografi.<br />
ana kalandaZe<br />
28
sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />
uwmidessa da unetaress ilia meores<br />
`adamianis uZvirfasesi saunje misi vinaobaa~.<br />
ilia marTali<br />
uwmideso da unetareso, Tqven qarTvel erTan erTad<br />
cxovrebis umZimesi xani ganvleT. gansacdelSi Cavardnili<br />
eri RmerTma ar gawira da Tqven mogavlinaT. Tqveni Tavdadebuli<br />
moRvaweoba saqarTvelosTvis ganuzomelia. roca qveynis<br />
momavali burusiT iyo moculi, Tqveni locva-kurTxevis<br />
ZaliT gasxivosnebuli taZridan m<strong>of</strong>enilma madlma ers momavlis<br />
rwmena, siyvaruli da erovnuli Rirseba daubruna. Tqveni<br />
cxovrebis arsi saqarTveloze fiqria. Tqven aRadgineT ganadgurebuli<br />
taZrebi da aRaSeneT mravali axali, maT Soris,<br />
udidesi da umSvenieresi taZari samebisa, romlis dedozaris<br />
xma swvdeba sruliad saqarTvelos, amxnevebs Cvens qveyanas da<br />
sulier Zalas hmatebs.<br />
uwmideso da unetareso, didia Tqveni Rvawli qarTuli mecnierebisa<br />
da xelovnebis gadarCena-ganviTarebis saqmeSi. Tqveni<br />
amagi yvela sferos swvdeba. saocari, didebuli pirovneba<br />
brZandebiT, Tqvens epistoleebSi gamoTqmuli sibrZne gvarwmunebs<br />
amaSi. amasve gvidasturebs Tqven mier Seqmnili musikaluri,<br />
himnografiuli nawarmoebebi da mxatvroba, xatwera.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi _ xelovani! es<br />
xom didebuli Serwymaa, RvTis nebiT gansazRvruli da boZebuli.<br />
29
dRes Tqveni dabadebidan 75 wlis Tavsa da Tqveni sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad aRsaydrebis 30 wels<br />
zeimobs qarTveli eri _ is eri, romelsac mravali gaWirvebis<br />
Jams gverdSi edeqiT da gansacdels ganarideT. Tqveni locvakurTxeviT<br />
ikrebda xalxi Zalas da medgrad idga... xolo ma-<br />
Sin, roca qveyana eris dResaswauls zeimobs, Tqveni uwmidesoba<br />
iq brZandeba da lxinsa da siyvaruls locavs, naTels hfens<br />
Tavis samwysos.<br />
ar SemiZlia, ar gavixseno didgoris gmirTa memorialis<br />
gaxsnis dRis ambavi, dilidan rom gadauReblad wvimda da gamoCndiT<br />
ra Tqven, ca gaixsna, mxurvale mzem gamoanaTa. es iyo<br />
saswauli, es iyo gmirTa sulebis gamoZaxili, romlebmac Tavad<br />
moaxdines `Zlevai sakvirveli~. am saocrebam RvTis madli<br />
agrZnobina iq my<strong>of</strong> aTasobiT adamians.<br />
Tqven didi gulisyuriT moekideT saqarTveloSi kulturis<br />
saerTaSoriso centris daarsebas, misi gaxsnis dRes mobrZandiT<br />
da wmida giorgis xati gviboZeT, romelic dRes mTavari<br />
Sesasvlelis niSaSia dasvenebuli da gvaxsenebs samSoblos siyvarulsa<br />
da eklesiasTan siaxloves, rac im dRidan naTlad<br />
Cans Cvensa da eklesias Soris mWidro TanamSromlobaSi.<br />
uwmideso da unetareso, vuerTdebi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
da guliTadad gilocavT am SesaniSnav TariRebs. dRegrZeli<br />
brZandebodeT, iyaviT mxned da janmrTelad kvlav Tqveni sicocxlis<br />
_ saqarTvelos sakeTildReod.<br />
Rrma pativiscemiTa da mowiwebiT<br />
merab berZeniSvili<br />
30
SesaniSnavi musikosi<br />
30 welia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II TavgamodebiT ibrZvis qarTveli<br />
xalxis sulierebis, zneobisa da kulturis gadasarCenad.<br />
Tu dRes saqarTvelos ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi icnoben da aRiareben, amaSi<br />
Cveni patriarqis udidesi madlia.<br />
namdvilad RvTis madli gadmovida Cvenze, radgan saqarTvelosTvis<br />
umZimes periodSi, urTules politikur viTarebaSi,<br />
roca urwmunoeba zeobda da qarTveli xalxis rwmenas<br />
walekvas uqadda, RmerTma eris sulier winamZRvrad ilia<br />
meore mogvivlina da amiT gvamcno, rom saqarTvelos gadaSeneba<br />
ar uweria.<br />
30 welia Cveni patriarqi dgas qarTveli eris sulier<br />
sadarajoze da miuZRvis mas didi ilia marTlis mier gakvalul<br />
gzaze, _ es gza `taZrisken midis~.<br />
Znelia CamoTvalo yvela is mniSvnelovani movlena, romelic<br />
misi moRvaweobis periodSi aRiniSna; saqarTveloSi<br />
arnaxuli tempiT mimdinareobs eklesia-monastrebis mSenebloba,<br />
romlis gvirgvini wm. samebis sakaTedro taZari gaxlavT;<br />
aRdga tradiciuli qarTuli galoba, romelic manamde<br />
akrZaluli da miviwyebuli iyo, xalxs rwmena daubrunda, axalgazrdoba<br />
eklesiuri gaxda, qarTveli xalxi sinaTlisken<br />
Semobrunda, Seiqmna kaTolikos-patriarqis saerTaSoriso<br />
saqvelmoqmedo fondi, romelic uamrav sasikeTo saqmes akeTebs<br />
qarTuli mecnierebis, kulturisa da sulierebis aRorZinebis<br />
saqmeSi. patriarqis fondTan gaixsna qarTuli tradiciuli<br />
galobisa da simReris umaRlesi samusiko saswavlebeli, sa-<br />
31
dac maRali kvalifikaciis mqone regentebi da lotbarebi<br />
aRizrdebian.<br />
Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqis erT-erTi umTavresi amocanaa<br />
axalgazrdobis erovnuli suliskveTebiT aRzrda, sulierebis<br />
amaRleba, qarTuli xalxuri simRerebisa da sagaloblebis<br />
aRdgena-aRorZineba da popularizacia, radgan<br />
araferi inaxavs ise mamapapur tradiciebs da qarTul suls,<br />
rogorc simRera-galoba, romelic maradiulia, Tu igi Taobebs<br />
mihyveba, xolo kvdeba, Tu mas axalgazrdoba iviwyebs.<br />
roca saqarTvelo komunisturi ideologiis mZime wnexis<br />
qveS imy<strong>of</strong>eboda, roca qarTvel xalxs ekrZaleboda galoba da<br />
taZris mSenebloba, patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT TiToeuli<br />
marTlmadidebeli sakuTar sulSi agebda taZars da am rwmenam<br />
gadaarCina Cveni qveyana. yvelaferi es ki ilia meoris udidesi<br />
damsaxurebaa.<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia meore RvTis madliT mironcxebuli xelovania,<br />
igi gaxlavT SesaniSnavi xatmweri, musikosi, iSviaTi sagaloblebis<br />
avtori. misi `wmidao RmerTo~ da `kirie eleÁson~<br />
metad popularuli gaxlavT mTel saqarTveloSi da sruldeba<br />
rogorc saeklesio, ise saero dResaswaulebze. patriarqis<br />
sagaloblebi gamoirCeva iSviaTi melodiurobiT, lamazi<br />
harmoniiT, maRali musikaluri azrovnebiTa da amaRlebuli<br />
sulierebiT. es sagaloblebi dRes saqarTveloSi Zalian<br />
uyvarT da maT adgili daimkvidres gamoCenili ansamblebis<br />
repertuarSi. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos yovladwmida<br />
samebis sakaTedro taZris sapatriarqo gundi svimon jangulaSvilisa<br />
da giorgi donaZis xelmZRvanelobiT, romelic<br />
SesaniSnavad asrulebs patriarqis sagaloblebs. maT axlaxan<br />
gamosces SesaniSnavi kompaqturi diski, romelSiac ilia meoris<br />
15 sagalobeli Sevida. es kompaqt-diski iSviaTi SenaZenia<br />
musikis moyvarulTaTvis.<br />
me bednierad vTvli Cems Tavs, rom var misi Tanamedrove,<br />
momswre da monawile im udidesi sulieri aRmavlobisa, ro-<br />
32
melic saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />
unetaresis ilia meoris udides Rvawls miekuTvneba.<br />
RmerTma dalocos Cveni patriarqi!<br />
anzor erqomaiSvili<br />
33
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
keTili nebis misia ruseTSi<br />
(2007 wlis 1_4 marti)<br />
Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>of</strong>icialuri delegaciis<br />
gamgzavreba moskovs sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />
II xelmZRvanelobiT iyo udidesi istoriuli<br />
mniSvnelobis movlena rogorc<br />
saqarTvelosa da ruseTis avtokefaliuri<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis<br />
urTierTobis mxriv, ise Cvens<br />
qveynebs, Cvens xalxebsa da kulturebs<br />
Soris kavSirebis aRdgenisa da ganmtkicebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT.<br />
sababi kaTolikos-patriarqis delegaciis<br />
ruseTSi gamgzavrebisa im periodSi,<br />
rodesac Cvens qveynebs Soris<br />
politikuri urTierToba ukiduresad<br />
daiZaba, iyo `rusuli marTlmadidebluri<br />
enciklopediis~ XIII tomis<br />
gamocema, romelic arsebiTad saqarTvelos<br />
exeba da qarTveli xalxis istoriisa<br />
da kulturis sakiTxebs aSuqebs;<br />
igi Sedgenilia qarTvel da rus mecnierTa<br />
monawileobiT, da moskovisa da<br />
sruliad ruseTis patriarqma miiwvia<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
Tanmxlebi pirebiT qristemacxovris<br />
taZris darbazebSi am enciklopediis<br />
sazeimo prezentaciaze.<br />
magram es iyo mxolod sababi Cveni<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis moskovSi Casvlisa<br />
specialuri pirdapiri reisiT (im<br />
periodSi pirdapiri reisebi Tbilisidan<br />
moskovSi gauqmebuli iyo); namdvili<br />
mizezi da mizani sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis moskovs<br />
gamgzavrebisa iyo, rogorc es qveynis<br />
prezidentma aRniSna, ruseTSi keTili<br />
nebis misiiT Casvla, saqarTvelosa da<br />
ruseTs Soris, Cvens eklesiebs, Cvens<br />
xalxebs Soris keTilmezobluri,Zmuri<br />
da siyvaruliT ganmsWvaluli urTier-<br />
Tobebis aRdgena da ganmtkiceba _ Tu<br />
es im droisaTvis Seqmnil viTarebaSi<br />
saerTod SesaZlebeli iqneboda; da es<br />
procesi swored Cvens eklesiebs Soris<br />
urTierTobaTa garkveviT unda dawyebuliyo...<br />
am procesma apoTeozs miaRwia er-<br />
Toblivi wirvis dros moskovisa da<br />
sruliad ruseTis patriarqis aleqsi<br />
II da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
ilia II monawileobiT,<br />
romelic ruseTis centralur<br />
salocavSi _ qriste-macxovris wmida<br />
taZarSi gaimarTa da romelmac uricxvi<br />
xalxi moizida, maT Soris moskovSi<br />
mcxovrebi mravalricxovani Cveni Tanamemamuleni;<br />
Cven yvelani _ sulierad<br />
amaRlebulni da Tvalcremlmoreulni<br />
_ Tanamonawileni viyaviT erTmorwmuneobis<br />
am uzenaesi, RvTiuri gamovlinebis...<br />
magram es erToblivi qarTul-rusuli<br />
wirva-locva moskovis qristemacxovris<br />
taZarSi ar iyo mxolod<br />
sarwmunoebrivi suliskveTebiT ganmsWvaluli<br />
aqti; sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis udidesi<br />
35
saTnoebiTa da RirsebiT warmoTqmul<br />
sityvaSi daisva fuZemdebluri problemebi,<br />
romlebic Seexeboda qarTulrusul<br />
urTierTobaTa rogorc sulierebis,<br />
aseve kulturul da politikur-sazogadoebriv<br />
sferoebs: Cvens,<br />
erTmorwmune xalxebs Soris arsebul<br />
sulier, kulturul da sazogadoebrivpolitikur<br />
urTierTobaTa ganmsaz-<br />
Rvreli faqtoria saqarTvelos teritoriuli<br />
mTlianoba, romlis aRdgenis<br />
gareSe Zneli warmosadgeni iqneba<br />
laparaki erToblivi sulierebis da<br />
saerTo-kulturuli Rirebulebebis<br />
Sesaxeb. es iyo WeSmaritad umaRlesi<br />
sulierebiT ganmsWvaluli sazogadoebriv-politikuri<br />
mniSvnelobis sityva,<br />
warmoTqmuli qarTvelTa sulieri winamZRvris<br />
mier rusuli sulierebis<br />
centrSi _ moskovis qriste-macxovris<br />
wmida taZarSi, da Tu Cven Cveni qveynis<br />
teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis<br />
procesis droSi aTvlas daviwyebT,<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II es umniSvnelovanesi gamosvla<br />
moskovis qriste-macxovris taZarSi<br />
Seva saqarTvelos istoriaSi rogorc<br />
am procesis erT-erTi sawyisi momenti.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis es gamor-<br />
Ceuli roli am istoriul procesSi<br />
aisaxa swored Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
`saaRdgomo epistoleSi~, sadac<br />
misi uwmidesoba gvauwyebs: `saxelmwifo<br />
interesebidan gamomdinare, eklesia<br />
dResac cdilobs Seasrulos e.w.<br />
`saxalxo diplomatiis~ misia da iyos<br />
mSvidobis despani im rTul situaciaSi,<br />
romelSic saqarTvelos Tanamedrove<br />
pirobebSi uwevs y<strong>of</strong>na. amiT iyo ganpirobebuli<br />
Cveni Casvla moskovSi...~.<br />
40
oin metreveli<br />
ilia II da qristianuli aRmSenebloba<br />
saqarTveloSi<br />
1977 wlis 9 noembers, kaTolikospatriarqis<br />
daviT V gardacvalebis<br />
Semdeg, wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT<br />
cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti<br />
ilia SiolaSvili dadginda sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
mosaydred. 1977 wlis 23 dekembers<br />
meufe ilia sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqad iqna arCeuli.<br />
1977 wlis 25 dekemberi _ es<br />
TariRi umniSvnelovanesia ara marto<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi, aramed<br />
saerTod saqarTvelos istoriaSi.<br />
swored am dRes mcxeTis sveticxovlis<br />
sakaTedro taZarSi sazeimo viTarebaSi<br />
moxda sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis wmida taxtze<br />
qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis Tavisi<br />
maRali ganaTlebiT, kulturiTa da<br />
mravali keTili mamuliSviluri saqmis<br />
keTebiT kargad cnobili saeklesio<br />
da sazogado moRvawis, cxum-afxazeTis<br />
mitropolitis _ ilia SiolaSvilis<br />
aRsaydreba. amieridan igi iwodeba _<br />
ilia II, uwmidesi da unetaresi.<br />
ilia II aRsaydreba kaTolikospatriarqad<br />
gansakuTrebulad aRniSna<br />
qarTvelma sazogadoebam. sazeimo<br />
ceremonials sveticxovlis taZarSi<br />
inteligenciis bevri warmomadgeneli<br />
daeswro, aq sakmaod didi mrevli iyo<br />
warmodgenili. am striqonebis avtori<br />
amayia imiT, rom Tavis ojaxTan er-<br />
Tad eswreboda zeims. intronizaciis<br />
ceremonials daeswrnen: moskovisa da<br />
sruliad ruseTis patriarqi pimeni,<br />
bulgareTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
warmomadgeneli arqimandriti<br />
naumi,aleqsandriis eklesiis warmomadgeneli<br />
arqimandriti grigoriosi, somexTa<br />
kaTolikosi vazgen I, mravali<br />
ucxoeli stumari.<br />
didi interesi ilia II kaTolikospatriarqis<br />
taxtze aRsaydrebisadmi<br />
mravali garemoebiT iyo gamowveuli.<br />
erTi mxriv, igi cnobili iyo rogorc<br />
Rrma erovnuli suliskveTebis aqtiuri<br />
moRvawe, uaRresad ganaTlebuli<br />
mRvdelmTavari da misgan sazogadoeba<br />
bevr siaxles eloda; meore mxriv<br />
ki igrZnoboda, rom eris cxovrebaSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli da mniSvnelovani<br />
ram xdeboda _ axali etapi iwyeboda<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiur cxovrebaSi. es<br />
marTlac ase iyo.<br />
meore dRes, 26 dekembers, sagangebo<br />
miReba gaimarTa restoran `iveriaSi~.<br />
am narkvevis avtoric eswreboda miRebas.<br />
igi grandiozuli iyo da zeimurad<br />
Catarda (albaT pirvelad sabWoTa xelisuflebis<br />
wlebSi). gansakuTrebulad<br />
saintereso iyo somexTa kaTolikosis<br />
vazgen I misalmeba-sadRegrZelo. vazgen<br />
I moigona Tavisi aRsaydreba somexTa<br />
kaTolikosad da aRniSna, roca<br />
me gavxdi kaTolikosi, zustad ilia<br />
II xnisa (43 wlis) viyavi da somxuri<br />
eklesiac faqtobrivad ganadgurebuli<br />
41
iyo. samwuxarod, aseTive mdgomareoba-<br />
Sia dRes saqarTvelos eklesiac da<br />
did patrons saWiroebso. es patroni<br />
ki amieridan mas eyoleba da Sinaganad<br />
vgrZnob, rom qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
samociqulo eklesia mZlavrad<br />
gamoanaTebs.<br />
rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise saer-<br />
TaSoriso masStabiT aRiarebuli<br />
mRvdelmTavris ilia II mobrZaneba qar-<br />
Tuli eklesiis saTaveSi warmatebulad<br />
daiwyo.<br />
mokled SevexoT sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II ganvlil<br />
gzas saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyroblis<br />
maRal taxtze aRsaydrebamde.<br />
ilia II xevSi gamoCinebuli<br />
pirovnebis, Siola RuduSauris STamomavalia.<br />
Siolam safuZveli daudo SiolaSvilebis<br />
gvars. Tavis mxriv, Rudu-<br />
Saurebis gvari uZvelesia. gadmocemiT,<br />
vaxtang gorgasals xevSi erT ojaxSi<br />
vaJi mounaTlavs, romlisTvisac Rudu-<br />
Sa daurqmevia. aqedan wamosula gvaric.<br />
vaxuSti bagrationi gadmogvcems: `aRmosavlidam<br />
aragus erTvis, arSas qveiT,<br />
aCxotis-xevi. aqa ars cixe RuduSaurisa<br />
mcire, aramed friad magari~. marTlac<br />
xevSi, snos xeobaSi, mdinare snoswylis<br />
marjvena napiris kldovan goraze<br />
dgas cixesimagre, snos cixe. igi XVI<br />
s-is miwurulSi Cans agebuli. cixe<br />
mniSvnelovani iyo _ akontrolebda xevidan<br />
momaval gzas, romelic xevsure-<br />
Tze, fSavze da gudamayris xeobiT mTiuleTze<br />
gadioda. gadmocemiT, es cixe<br />
Siola RuduSaurs ekuTvnoda. swored<br />
s<strong>of</strong>eli sno aris RuduSaur-SiolaSvilTa<br />
fuZe-adgili. ilia II mSoblebi<br />
vladikavkazSi gadasaxldnen. giorgi<br />
SiolaSvils tradiciuli qarTuli<br />
ojaxi hqonda. misi meuRle natalia<br />
kobaiZe saTnoebiTa da sikeTiT gamor-<br />
1<br />
batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa.<br />
_ qarTlis cxovreba, IV, Tb., 1973,<br />
gv. 357.<br />
Ceuli pirovneba iyo. col-qmari qristianuli<br />
sarwmunoebis Tavgamodebuli<br />
mimdevari iyo. RvTis siyvaruli da pativiscema,RvTismoSiSoba<br />
ojaxis saqmianobis<br />
safaneli iyo. ilia II swored<br />
mSoblebisagan eziara qristianuli<br />
moZRvrebis anbans.<br />
momavali patriarqi daibada 1933<br />
wlis 4 ianvars q.vladikavkazSi. monaTles<br />
qarTul eklesiaSi da qarTlkaxeTis<br />
saxelovani mefis, erekle II<br />
pativiscemis niSnad irakli daarqves.<br />
q.vladikavkazis saSualo skolis war-<br />
CinebiT damTavrebis Semdeg, 1952 wels,<br />
moskovis sasuliero akademiaSi Cairicxa.<br />
akademiaSi swavlis periodma<br />
mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia ilia<br />
II-ze. aq iyvnen gamoCenili pr<strong>of</strong>esormaswavleblebi,<br />
romlebic codnasTan<br />
erTad maRalzneobriv Tvisebebs unergavdnen<br />
msmenelebs. cxadia, ilia II ar-<br />
Cevanze gavlena iqonies mSoblebma, im<br />
atmosferom, romelic SiolaSvilebis<br />
ojaxSi sufevda. jer kidev 1947 wels<br />
q.vladikavkazSi giorgi SiolaSvilis<br />
TaosnobiTa da monawileobiT pirveli<br />
eklesia amoqmedda. swored ojaxidan<br />
wamoyolilma Zalam da RvTis usaz-<br />
Rvro siyvarulma, maRalma qristianulma<br />
zneobam miiyvana momavali patriarqi<br />
sasuliero saswavleblamde. me<br />
mqonda pativi vy<strong>of</strong>iliyavi sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />
meTaurobiT ruseTis dedaqalaqSi vizitad<br />
my<strong>of</strong>i saqarTvelos delegaciis<br />
wevri da davrwmunebuliyavi im udides<br />
mokrZalebasa da gansakuTrebul, Tayvaniscemamde<br />
misul pativis migebaSi,<br />
romliTac ilia II aris gamsWvaluli<br />
zagorskis sasuliero akademiisadmi.<br />
didad STambeWdavi iyo saqarTvelos<br />
patriarqis Sexvedra akademiis req-<br />
42<br />
torTan, pr<strong>of</strong>esor-maswavleblebTan<br />
da msmenelebTan. man gaixsena Tavisi<br />
swavlis wlebi da bevri saintereso<br />
ambavi mouTxro damswre sazogadoebas.<br />
saocrad Tbili, keTilganwyobili
iyo damxvdurTa Sexvedra. erTi ram<br />
cxadi iyo _ ilia II-sTvis uZvirfasesi<br />
iyo Tavis `alma-materSi~ gatarebuli<br />
dro da misi mxridan akademiis pr<strong>of</strong>esor-maswavleblebisadmi<br />
udidesi madliereba<br />
gamosWvioda yovel sityvaSi.<br />
patriarqma sagangebod aRniSna, rom<br />
swored sasuliero akademiaSi moxda<br />
WeSmaritad qristianuli rwmenis ganmtkiceba.<br />
ilia II gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />
aniWebs wmida sergi radoneJelis<br />
lavras; igi Tvlis, rom wmida<br />
sergi Seeweoda da mfarvelobda mas.<br />
faqti erTia, swored am garemoSi my<strong>of</strong>ma<br />
Wabukma, jer kidev akademiis II kursis<br />
studentma miiRo gadawyvetileba,<br />
aRkveciliyo bermonazvnad.<br />
da ai, 1957 wlis 16 aprils, 24 wlis<br />
irakli SiolaSvili sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis melqisedek<br />
III locva-kurTxeviT, TbilisSi,<br />
wmida aleqsandre nevelis taZarSi<br />
mitropolitma zinobim berad aRkveca.<br />
amieridan mas winaswarmetyveli ilias<br />
saxeli ewoda. ormocdaaTi wlis<br />
Semdeg, 2007 wlis 4 aprils, did xuT-<br />
SabaTs, samebis sapatriarqo taZarSi<br />
qadagebisas, ilia meorem sagangebod<br />
moigona berad aRkvecis ambavi: `ukve<br />
akademiis meore kursis studenti viyavi,<br />
gadawyvetili mqonda gavmxdariyavi<br />
beri da sasuliero piri. mindoda sadme<br />
sul patara s<strong>of</strong>elSi vy<strong>of</strong>iliyavi<br />
moZRvari. da ai, locva-kurTxeva momca<br />
akademiis reqtorma. man sTxova locvakurTxeva<br />
ruseTis patriarqs aleqsi<br />
I, manac aseve Tanxmoba ganacxada da<br />
Camovedi TbilisSi, raTa locva-kurTxeva<br />
ameRo uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
melqisedek III-isagan. uwmidesma gamocda<br />
momiwyo da miTxra, girCevnia ojaxi<br />
iyolioo. me vuTxari: uwmideso da unetareso,<br />
me ukve gadawyvetili maqvs<br />
beroba-meTqi. maSin gaCerda, daureka<br />
meufe zinobis da uTxra: TqvenTan mova<br />
akademiis studenti da berad aRkvece-<br />
To. es iyo 1957 wlis vnebis Svideulis<br />
samSabaTi... aRkvecis dros raRac<br />
43<br />
saocari grZnoba dameufla. TiTqos<br />
vSordebodi am qveyanas, yvelafers miwiers,<br />
saocari tanjva iyo Cems sulier<br />
samyaroSi, magram RvTis madliT, rogorRac<br />
avitane es brZola da dadga<br />
xuTSabaTi, dRevandeli dRe. uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi melqisedeki wiravda sionis<br />
sapatriarqo taZarSi da iq moxda<br />
Cemi diakvnad kurTxeva~... patriarqis<br />
qadagebis es vrceli amonaridi imitom<br />
moviyvaneT, rom igi ara marto ambavs<br />
gadmogvcems, aramed saocari sicxadiT<br />
warmogviCens znemaRal pirovnebas,<br />
romelmac Tavi mTlianad qristianobas<br />
miuZRvna. didi iyo ilia SiolaSvilis<br />
gancda diakvnad kurTxevis Semdeg. `saocari<br />
madli gadmovida Cemze, _ aRniSnavs<br />
ilia II, _ me TiTqmis veravis vxedavdi<br />
da TiTqos davfrinavdi, TiTqos<br />
frTebi Semesxa da miwaze ar viyavi. iseTi<br />
sixaruli da bedniereba dameufla,<br />
rom sionis taZridan... ar mindoda gasvla...<br />
roca marto davrCi... mivedi ninos<br />
jvarTan... movixade kunkul-bartyuli,<br />
wamoedo kandels da mTeli zeTi Tavsa<br />
da Sesamoselze damesxa. erTi mxriv _<br />
gamixarda, radgan xalxi ambobda, masze<br />
RvTis madli gadmovidao...~ meore<br />
mxriv, axlad nakurTxi diakoni Sewuxda:<br />
sasuliero akademiis meore kursis<br />
students es erTi Sesamoseli hqonda<br />
da am zeTiani tansacmliT euxerxuleboda<br />
siaruli. saxlSi misuls tansacmeli<br />
mSrali tiloTi gauwmendia. es<br />
imdenad kargad gamosula, rom zeTis<br />
kvali sruliad gamqrala. axalgazrda<br />
ilias am samosiT daumTavrebia sasulieri<br />
akademia.<br />
niSandoblivia, rom diakvnad xeldasxmuli<br />
ilia moskovisa da sruliad<br />
ruseTis patriarqs, aleqsi I, wmida<br />
sergi radoneJelis lavraSi mRvdel-<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II qadageba<br />
did xuTSabaTs samebis sapatriarqo taZarSi<br />
2007 wlis 4 aprils. _ `sapatriarqo uwyebani~,<br />
Tb., 19_25 apr., gv. 2_3.<br />
iqve, gv. 3.
monazvnad ukurTxebia da oqros samkerde<br />
jvriTac daujildoebia. 1960<br />
wels mRvdel-monazonma iliam moskovis<br />
sasuliero akademia daasrula<br />
warCinebiT da RvTismetyvelebis kandidatis<br />
xarisxi moipova naSromisaTvis:<br />
`aTonis iveriis monastris istoria~.<br />
am naSromma kvlevis siRrmiT, aqtualobiT,<br />
problemis mniSvnelobiT avtors<br />
didi warmateba moutana _ sakandidato<br />
xarisxis miniWebasTan erTad,<br />
dainaxes ra ilia SiolaSvilSi kvlevis<br />
unari, mecnieruli alRo, SesTavazes<br />
samecniero muSaobis gagrZeleba.<br />
iliam sxva gza airCia. igi saqarTveloSi<br />
dabrunda. momaval patriarqs<br />
Rrmad hqonda Segnebuli is sirTule,<br />
romelic im drois saqarTvelos eklesias<br />
gaaCnda. es, upirveles yovlisa,<br />
sasuliero kadrebis simwire iyo; qar-<br />
Tul sulierebas aRorZineba esaWiroeboda.<br />
Tanac mudam axsovda Zvirfasi<br />
dedis Segoneba _ samSoblo arasodes<br />
miatovoo.<br />
samSobloSi dabrunebuli ilia<br />
baTumis sakaTedro taZarSi dainiSna<br />
mRvdel-msaxurad. axalgazrda monozoni<br />
didi energiiT Seudga moRvaweobas<br />
(uwmidesi xSirad keTilad igonebs<br />
baTumSi gatarebul wlebs). swored<br />
erTguli da Tavdadebuli saqmianobis<br />
Sedegi iyo, roca igi 1961 wels<br />
aRyvanil iqna iRumenis xarisxSi, male<br />
misi arqimandritad xeldasxma moxda.<br />
1963 wlis 26 agvistos sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma<br />
da unetaresma efrem II ilia SiolaSvils<br />
xeli daasxa Semoqmedis eparqiis<br />
episkoposad. amasTan, igi dainiSna<br />
patriarqis qorepiskoposad, 1967 wels<br />
_ cxum-afxazeTis mRvdelmTavrad; 1969<br />
wels aRyvanil iqna mitropolitis<br />
xarisxSi.<br />
meufe ilias moRvaweoba rogorc<br />
Semoqmedis, ise cxum-afxazeTis eparqiebSi<br />
zedmiwevniT aqtiuri iyo. sulier<br />
sazrdels moklebuli qarTveli<br />
qristianebi misi qadagebebisa da masTan<br />
44<br />
urTierTobis gziT sulier simSvides<br />
poulobdnen. meufis RvTiuri Sesaxedaoba,<br />
saocari siTbos da siyvarulis<br />
gamomasxivebeli Tvalebi, mwyazari<br />
metyveleba xiblavda da ajadoebda<br />
mrevls. meufe ilia SiolaSvili far-<br />
To masStabis moRvaweobas eweoda rogorc<br />
saqarTveloSi, ise mis farglebs<br />
gareTac. aRsaniSnavia, rom igi (cxadia,<br />
yuradReba eqceoda mis maRalakademiur<br />
ganaTlebas) 1963 wels dainiSna<br />
im droisaTvis erTaderTi sasuliero<br />
saswavleblis _ mcxeTis sasuliero<br />
seminariis reqtorad,sadac 1972 wlamde<br />
moRvaweobda. ilia SiolaSvili, episkoposis<br />
rangSi my<strong>of</strong>i, monawileobda<br />
sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso RonisZieba-<br />
Si (mSvidobis momxreTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio kongresi,<br />
sasuliero pirTa Sexvedrebi da<br />
sxv.). gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Semoqmedi<br />
mRvdelmTavris ilias monawileoba<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis<br />
warmomadgenelTa SexvedraSi<br />
kunZul rodosze (1984 w.). aq meufe iliam<br />
daayena saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
saerTaSoriso masStabiT cnobis<br />
sakiTxi. saqme isaa, rom, marTalia,<br />
1917 wlis 12 (25) marts saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis avtokefalia aRdgenilad gamocxadda,<br />
magram arc erTma saxelmwifom<br />
ar cno igi. ruseTis eklesiam mxolod<br />
1943 wels aRiara saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis damoukidebloba. saerTaSoriso<br />
masStabiT ki arc antioqiis, arc<br />
ierusalimis, arc aleqsandriis eklesiebma<br />
ar cnes qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia.<br />
zogierTma eklesiam (mag.,<br />
poloneTis) saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia<br />
aRiara mxolod de-faqto.<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom 1961 wels pirvel<br />
sruliad marTlmadidebelTa TaTbirze<br />
mxolod ori sasuliero piri miiwvies<br />
saqarTvelodan. es imas niSnavda, rom<br />
saqarTvelos eklesia avtonomiurad<br />
iyo miCneuli da ara avtokefaliurad,<br />
am SemTxvevaSi qveynis 3 warmomadgeneli
unda miewviaT. eladis eklesiis mier<br />
gamocemul kalendarSic saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia avtonomiurad<br />
(konstantinopolis eklesiaze<br />
daqvemdebarebulad) iyo moxseniebuli.<br />
es sakiTxi pasuxgaucemeli datoves<br />
belgradisa da Jenevis saeklesio TaTbirebma<br />
da konferenciebma. da ai, saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesiis saxeliT, asabuTebs ra<br />
avtokefaliis kanonzomierebas, ilia<br />
SiolaSvili mTeli simwvaviT ayenebs<br />
misi saerTaSoriso masStabiT cnobis<br />
aucileblobis sakiTxs. rodesac mecnieruli<br />
sabuTianobiT verafers gaxda,<br />
meufe iliam ukidures zomas mimarTa<br />
_ protestis niSnad sxdoma datova.<br />
amas didi xmauri mohyva. Tu ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
sapatriarqosaTvis meufis protesti<br />
damafiqrebeli iyo, sxva mxarisaTvis<br />
(mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs im drois saxelmwifos<br />
sxvadasxva organo) es qmedeba<br />
`uary<strong>of</strong>iTad~ Sefasebis sagani gaxda.<br />
saqme isaa, rom roca patriarqi efrem<br />
II gardaicvala, 1972 wels umal dadga<br />
axali kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis<br />
sakiTxi. sayovelTao azriT _ rogorc<br />
mrevlis,ise wmida sinodis da saerTod<br />
samRvdeloebis _ erTaderTi kandidati<br />
ukve qveyanaSi aRiarebuli, sazogadoebaSi<br />
popularuli, Rrmad ganswavluli<br />
da Tavisi 39 wlis asakisaTvis sakmaod<br />
gamocdili mitropoliti ilia<br />
SiolaSvili iyo. isic unda iTqvas,rom<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
taxtze ilia SiolaSvilis kandidatura<br />
erTsulovnad iqna miRebuli<br />
qveynis xelisuflebis mier (wesisamebr,<br />
mTavrobas, xelisuflebas saqmis kurs-<br />
Si ayeneben amgvari gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebisas). ai, aq moxda gauTvaliswinebeli<br />
ram. ilia SiolaSvilis kaTolikos-patriarqad<br />
arCevis winaaRmdeg<br />
gamovida sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa<br />
sabWos religiaTa saqmis sammarTvelo<br />
da kerZod misi rwmunebuli. winaaRmde-<br />
Грузинская Православная церковь. Православная Энциклопедия,<br />
т. , , ., М., ., , 2006, , стр. . 228. .<br />
45<br />
gobis motivad ilia SiolaSvilis protesti<br />
dasaxelda rodosis Sekrebaze.<br />
imxanad SeuZlebeli gaxda am winaaRmdegobis<br />
gadalaxva da mitropolit<br />
ilia SiolaSvilis arCeva kaTolikospatriarqad<br />
ramdenime wliT gadaido.<br />
da ai, 1977 wlis 25 dekembers, rogorc<br />
aRvniSneT,sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis wmida taxtze<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II aRsaydrda.<br />
ukve farTo asparezi da meti<br />
saSualebebi gamoCnda mis mier dawyebuli<br />
Tu axali saqmeebis aRsasruleblad.<br />
43 wlis ilia II didi energiiT<br />
Seudga farTo masStabis saqmianobas.<br />
misi yoveli saqmis, qmedebis safaneli<br />
samSoblos usazRvro siyvarulia. patriarqis<br />
Rrmad erovnuli suliskveTeba<br />
Tan gasdevs missave did samoqmedo<br />
programas. ilia II Tavis winapar Tanamemamules<br />
_ moxeve lelT Runias<br />
gvagonebs, romlis gulisficarze sanatrel<br />
ocnebad ewera: `Cveni Tavni Cvenadve<br />
gveyudnes~. am moxeveze, romelic<br />
ilia WavWavaZes uwevda megzurobas<br />
stefanwmindidan, didma mweralma Tqva:<br />
`Zalian kaci gamodgao~. lelT Runia<br />
ase mimarTavda ilias: `adrida avad<br />
Tu kargad Cven Cveni Tavni Cvenadve<br />
gveyudnes, miT iyvis ukeT. adrida eri<br />
erobdis, guli gulobdis, vaJai vaJabdis,<br />
qalai qalabdis~. am dros mistiris<br />
moxeve. `migixvdi Cemo moxeve, ra<br />
nestariTa xar naCxvleti~ _ RaRadebs<br />
ilia da Tavadac uecari tkivili tvinidan<br />
gulamde swvdeba. ilia II ara marto<br />
lelT Runias miwis Svilia, misi<br />
ocnebis Tanaziari da imave nestariTaa<br />
naCxvleti.<br />
patriarqad aRsaydrebis umal<br />
misi Tvali sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
gadaswvda, im sulier tkivilebs, romlebic<br />
ers sakmao xnis manZilze awuxebda.<br />
ilia II yuradRebas aqcevs mrevlis<br />
gamravlebas da axerxebs kidec<br />
mosaxleobis farTo fenebis, maT Soris<br />
axalgazrdobis mozidvas. pirveli<br />
rigis amocana iyo qadagebaTa xSiri,
46<br />
sistemuri Catareba. sionis sakaTedro<br />
taZarSi wirva-locvis garda, sagangebod<br />
tardeboda qadagebani. patriarqis<br />
moTxovniT, mTels saqarTveloSi, yvela<br />
eklesiaSi ganuwyvetliv ikiTxeboda<br />
fsalmunebi. yovel orSabaTs sionis<br />
taZarSi tardeboda eris paraklisi.<br />
mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi gatarda<br />
sasuliero literaturis gamosacemad.<br />
daiwyo kaTolikos-patriarqis saSobao<br />
da saaRdgomo epistoleebis beWdva.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari<br />
ramdenime saxis (vrceli, mokle) gamodis.<br />
ilia II didi mcdelobis Sedegad<br />
daarsda da gamoicema Jurnalebi:<br />
`jvari vazisa~, `saRvTismetyvelo<br />
krebuli~, `saqarTvelos sapatriarqo~,<br />
`sapatriarqos uwyebani~. gamoica Zveli<br />
da axali aRTqmis wignebi, `didi<br />
sjuliskanoni~, mniSvnelovani movlena<br />
iyo patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT `bibliis~<br />
gamocema Tanamedrove qarTul<br />
enaze. ramdenimejer gamoica wmida<br />
mefe daviTis fsalmunTa kritikulad<br />
dadgenili teqsti, wmida basili didis<br />
komentarebi fsalmunebisa da Sesaqmis<br />
eqvsi dRisa, `marTlmadidebeli katexizmo~,<br />
`romauli kaTolicizmi~, `hagiografiis<br />
RmrTismetyveleba~, `zogadi<br />
eklesiis istoria~, saRmrTismsaxuro<br />
teqstebi, locvanebi, daujdomeli sagaloblebi<br />
da sxv.<br />
gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II ortomeuli _ `epistoleni, sityvani,<br />
qadagebani~ (1997 w.). esaa Rrmad<br />
mecnieruli, mniSvnelovani istoriuli<br />
da cxovrebiseuli problemebis momcveli<br />
Txzulebebi. TiToeuli epistole,<br />
sityva Tu qadageba calke damoukidebeli<br />
mecnieruli Sromaa, romlebSic<br />
naTlad gamosWvivis maRali donis<br />
RvTismetyvelis, brZeni mamuliSvilisa<br />
da erze Seyvarebuli mRvdelmTavris<br />
suliskveTeba. zogierT am Txzulebaze<br />
qvemoT SevCerdebiT.<br />
ilia II uSualo TaosnobiT Seiqmna<br />
`misiisa da evangelizaciis~ gany<strong>of</strong>ileba,<br />
saswavlo komiteti, sapatriarqos<br />
sagamomcemlo gany<strong>of</strong>ileba,<br />
muSaobs prescentri, gamodis gazeTi<br />
`madli~. udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs sapatriarqosTan<br />
Seqmnil axalgazrdul<br />
centrs,romelic wmida samebis taZarSi<br />
funqcionirebs da mraval saintereso<br />
RonisZiebas atarebs. axalgazrduli<br />
centrebi daarsda saqarTvelos rig<br />
eparqiebSic. Zalze arsebiTia patriarqis<br />
locva-kurTxeviT daarsebuli sapatriarqos<br />
televizia `iveria~, romelic<br />
Tavisi gadacemebiT gamorCeulia sxva<br />
satelevizio arxebisagan; mayurebelSi<br />
simSvide da myudroeba, suliereba da<br />
siwminde Seaqvs. 2007 wlis 22 marts<br />
satelevizio gamosvlaSi patriarqma<br />
daloca televizia da amocanebic<br />
dausaxa. <br />
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos ilia<br />
II mier gadadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabijebi<br />
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis<br />
gaumjobesebisaTvis. patriarqis mizani<br />
iyo,gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi dawyebuli<br />
brZola saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliisaTvis kvlav gaegrZelebina<br />
da bolomde mieyvana. saqarTveloSi<br />
vizitiT Camovidnen ms<strong>of</strong>lio marTlmadidebeli<br />
sapatriarqoebis pirveli<br />
pirebi, maT Soris: konstantinopolis,<br />
aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis<br />
patriarqebi. am urTierTobiT, romlis<br />
sulisCamdgmeli kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
ilia II aris, saqarTvelos eklesiam<br />
aRidgina Zveli tradiciuli sulieri<br />
kavSirebi ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebel<br />
patriarqebTan.<br />
ilia II did yuradRebas aqcevs aramarTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiebTan urTierTobasac.<br />
amis dasturia romis papis<br />
ioane pavle II viziti saqarTveloSi,<br />
somexTa kaTolikosebis _ garegin I da<br />
garegin II Camosvla saqarTveloSi, ken-<br />
ix. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II sityva<br />
sapatriarqos televiziis gaxsnaze. _ `sapatriarqos<br />
uwyebani,~ Tb., 2007, 4_11 apr., gv. 3.
terberiis arqiepiskoposis jorj keris<br />
viziti TbilisSi. patriarqi eswrafvis<br />
kulturaTa Soris dialogs. araerTi<br />
RonisZieba Catarda sxvadasxva religiis<br />
(maT Soris muslimebis) warmomadgenlebTan<br />
erTad. amas emsaxureboda<br />
patriarqis viziti axlo aRmosavleTis<br />
qveynebSi – quveiTsa da bahreinSi.<br />
1979 wels ilia II Tavad ewvia konstantinopols.<br />
aq, sapatriarqoSi man<br />
kvlav daayena saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
sakiTxi da moiTxova, rom es saqme<br />
erTxel da samudamod gadawyvetiliyo.<br />
ilia II aqtiurma brZolam avtokefaliisaTvis<br />
Tavisi nay<strong>of</strong>i gamoiRo:<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqoebi darwmundnen,<br />
rom saqarTvelos eklesia erTgulia<br />
Tavisi tradiciebisa da Seswevs unari,<br />
daikavos ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadideblur<br />
samyaroSi Tavisi kuTvnili adgili. <br />
Tavgamodebuli mcdelobisa da Zalisxmevis<br />
11 weli gaxda saWiro imisaTvis,<br />
rom qarTuli samociqulo marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesia ms<strong>of</strong>lios avtokefaliurad<br />
eRiarebina. 1990 wlis 23<br />
ianvars konstantinopolis (ms<strong>of</strong>lio)<br />
sapatriarqos wmida sinodis sxdomaze<br />
ganixiles saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
saerTaSoriso masStabiT<br />
cnobis sakiTxi. 1990 wlis 4 marts konstantinopolis<br />
patriarqma dimitrios<br />
I sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />
uwmidessa da unetaress ilia<br />
II gadasca sagangebo sigeli, romelic<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliurobas<br />
adasturebs. konstantinopolis<br />
sapatriarqo taxti (romelsac<br />
aqvs ufleba CaerTos RvTis wmida<br />
eklesiebis moTxovnilebaSi,gamoiCinos<br />
mzrunveloba da daakmay<strong>of</strong>ilos isini)<br />
`saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobisa<br />
da mtkicebis sigeliT~ adasturebda:<br />
`saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi Semavalma<br />
`jvari vazisa~, Tb., 1979, # 1, gv. 8_9.<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqebi, Tb., 2000,<br />
gv. 217.<br />
wmida da marTlmadidebelma eklesiam<br />
uZvelesi droidan miiRo TviTmmarTveli<br />
da Tavisufali gamgebloba da, Sesabamisad,<br />
saeklesio mmarTvelobiTi<br />
organizaciac~. es mniSvnelovani aRiareba<br />
iyo _ xazi gaesva saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis siZveles, mis TviTmmarTvel<br />
da Tavisufal gamgeblobas. ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
sapatriarqom cno saqarTvelos uwmidesi<br />
eklesia `imave struqturiTa<br />
da organizaciiT, rac uZvelesi droidan<br />
gaaCnda~. ras niSnavs es? yovelive<br />
amiT faqtobrivad dadasturda da dakmay<strong>of</strong>ilda<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II mier ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos<br />
winaSe jer kidev 1979 wels dasmuli<br />
moTxovnebi _ saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis cnoba V saukunidan;<br />
eklesiis meTaurisTvis patriarqis wodebis<br />
dadastureba XI saukunidan.<br />
amgvarad, saqarTvelos eklesiam realuri<br />
avtokefalia swored ilia II<br />
Tavdadebuli brZolis Sedegad moipova<br />
1990 wlis martSi.<br />
ilia II saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli<br />
saqarTveloSi taZrebis masobrivi aRdgena-mSenebloba.<br />
qveynis sxvadasxva<br />
kuTxeSi aRdga dangreuli eklesiebi,<br />
jvari daubrunda jvarCamoxsnil<br />
47<br />
taZrebs, xelaxla moixata taZrebi.<br />
saeklesio aRmSeneblobaSi saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi uSualod<br />
monawileobs. am narkvevis avtors kargad<br />
axsovs patriarqis didi yuradReba<br />
da yovelmxrivi Zalisxmeva Tbilisis<br />
universitetis wmida daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />
saxelobis eklesiis mSeneblobisas.<br />
Zalian bevri axlad aSenebuli<br />
Tu aRdgenili eklesia Tavad ilia II<br />
akurTxa. gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos<br />
wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />
aSeneba. ilia II TiTqmis yoveldRiurad<br />
moinaxulebda mSeneblobas; daxvewili<br />
gemovnebis mqone patriarqi saWiro<br />
miTiTebebs aZlevda arqiteqtors Tu<br />
mSeneblebs, Tavis locva-kurTxevas ar<br />
aklebda. Sedegi saxezea _ aigo gran-
diozuli taZari, romlis badali iSviaTia<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio masStabiTac ki. ar<br />
aris SemTxveviTi, rom taZrebis ricxvis<br />
zrdasTan erTad gaizarda sasuliero<br />
pirTa raodenobac. farTod aRdga<br />
samonastro cxovreba,intensiuri gaxda<br />
igi. sagrZnoblad gaizarda eparqiaTa<br />
raodenoba. yovelive es ki mosaxleobis<br />
farTo masebTan warmatebul urTierTobas<br />
ganapirobebs.<br />
ilia II yuradReba permanentuladaa<br />
mipyrobili swavla-ganaTlebis<br />
problemebisadmi, rwmenasa da mecnierebas<br />
Soris kavSiris aRdgenisadmi. igi<br />
araerTgzis xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom<br />
WeSmariti mecniereba qristianuli rwmeniT<br />
unda iyos gajerebuli. uSualod<br />
patriarqis didi mcdelobiT dafuZnda<br />
1988 wels Tbilisis sasuliero akademia.<br />
am akademiis reqtori TviT patriarqi<br />
gaxlavT. ilia II Zalisxmeva,<br />
daearsebina mecnierebaTa akademia, 1995<br />
wels warmatebiT dagvirgvinda _ Camoyalibda<br />
da warmatebiT funqcionirebs<br />
gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia.<br />
patriarqi udides mniSvnelobas ani-<br />
Webs zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis<br />
saqmianobas, axalgazrda Taobis aRzrdis<br />
saqmes. 1990 wlis `saaRdgomo epistole~,<br />
romelic mimarTuli iyo yovelTa<br />
qarTvelTa mkvidrTa saqarTveloisa<br />
da samSoblos gareT mcxovrebTa<br />
mimarT, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas<br />
miaqcevs aRzrdis problemebs. epistoles<br />
devizia `Tvali gavusworoT realobas~.<br />
warsulma wlebma mZime daRi<br />
daasva adamianTa azrovnebas. rwmenis<br />
uary<strong>of</strong>am ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobisa da<br />
zogadadamianuri mrwamsis rRveva ganapiroba,<br />
romlis Sedegebsac sazogadoeba<br />
yoveldRiurad imkis. kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
SeSfoTebiT aRniSnavs: `riT<br />
SeiZleba avxsnaT... qarTvelis mimarT<br />
qarTveli adamianisave daundobeli sisastike?<br />
Cveni Svilebi Cvens Tvalwin<br />
erTmaneTs xocaven iseTi RvarZliT,<br />
iseTi gametebiT, aseTi sasjelisaTvis<br />
qristiani kaci samSoblos mtersac ar<br />
48<br />
gawiravs~. am WeSmarit sityvaSi mTeli<br />
eris gulistkivilia gamoxatuli da<br />
Cvens momavalze didi fiqri Cans. `saa-<br />
Rdgomo epitoleSi~ wuxiliTaa aRniSnuli,<br />
rom Tanamedrove politikuri<br />
cxovrebis fonze aSkarad garTulda<br />
mdgomareoba. ar aris Tanxmoba qarTvelTa<br />
Soris, xSirad ki mtrobacaa.<br />
`gonierni maSin viqnebiT, Tu saqmis<br />
keTebas daviwyebT ara lanZRviT, aramed<br />
erTmaneTis gverdSi amodgomiT~ _<br />
epistoles es sityvebi maradiuli kanonis<br />
badalia da gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
yvelasaTvis.<br />
`saaRdgomo epistoleSi~ mTeli<br />
ZaliT gamosWvivis fiqri xvalindel<br />
dReze, momavalze, mozardi Taobis<br />
swor aRzrdaze. aq mkveTradaa<br />
gamokveTili qarTveli dedebis misia,<br />
romelTac valad unda idon, Svilebs<br />
akvnidanve Caunergon RvTisa da moyvasis<br />
siyvaruli, erTgulebisa da TanagrZnobis<br />
unari. axalgazrdobam yrmobidanve<br />
unda Seimecnos, rom Rirseba<br />
Rirseuladve daicvas da ara laCruli<br />
gziT _ ara kacis kvliT, borotebiTa<br />
da daundoblobiT, aramed simarTliTa<br />
da urTierTpativiscemiT. patriarqi<br />
SeniSvnebs gamoTqvams pedagogisa da<br />
skolis Sesaxeb. igi ayenebs sakiTxs,<br />
saskolo programaSi Setanil iqnes<br />
`zneobrivi kulturis~ swavleba. `saa-<br />
Rdgomo epistole~ xazs usvams, rom<br />
bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare<br />
procesebma naTlad gviCvena, rom qarTvelTa<br />
moqmedeba ZiriTadad grZnobebsa<br />
da emociebzea damyarebuli, goneba<br />
ki ar akontrolebs mas; mxolod<br />
emocia sikeTes ver moitans. xma erisam<br />
jvarcmamde miiyvana macxovari, amitom<br />
aucilebelia xma erisas xma RvTisa<br />
amoudges mxarSi, xma RvTisa _ es gansjaa,<br />
analizia. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
moiTxova Seqmniliyo pirvelidan<br />
damamTavrebel klasamde saskolo<br />
kursi Rrma azrovnebis swavlebisaTvis,<br />
sadac gamoyenebuli iqneboda RvTismetyvelebis,<br />
logikis, fsiqologiis, fi-
los<strong>of</strong>iis, anTropologiis monapovari<br />
(masala konkretuli magaliTebiT unda<br />
y<strong>of</strong>iliyo ilustrirebuli asakobrivi<br />
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT).<br />
`Rrma azrovnebasTan ziareba bavSvs<br />
gauadvilebs sxva sagnebis aTvisebas.<br />
amasTan, Cven aRvzrdiT namdvilad Wkvian<br />
axalgazrdebs,romlebic icxovreben<br />
da imoqmedeben ara mxolod emociebiT,<br />
Tavisufalni iqnebian maqsimalizmisagan<br />
da Cvenze ufro gonivrad, rwmeniT<br />
da simarTliT warmarTaven cxovrebas~<br />
(`saaRdgomo epistole~). friad saintereso<br />
mosazrebebia swavlebis mowyobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, romelTac diferencirebuli<br />
swavlebis racionalur<br />
formamde mivyavarT. usaTuod gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
uwmidesis kidev erTi<br />
Segoneba: `swavlis procesSi Cven is<br />
naklic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom qarTvelebs<br />
gvaxasiaTebs saqmis kargad<br />
dawyeba, magram damTavreba ki gviWirs,<br />
ar gviyvars misi bolomde miyvana.<br />
amitom bavSvs, ra xnis ganmavlobaSic<br />
davsvamT gakveTilze, iseTi davaleba<br />
unda mivceT, rom im droSi aucileblad<br />
Caetios,daasrulos igi an saqmis<br />
garkveuli nawili mainc, rom mas gamoumuSavdes<br />
dawyebulis aucileblad<br />
damTavrebis survili da moTxovnileba~.<br />
aRzrda-ganaTlebis problema patriarqis<br />
yoveldRiuri yuradRebis<br />
centrSi iyo da aris moqceuli. niSandoblivia,<br />
rom sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II am sakiTxs 2007 wlis<br />
`saaRdgomo epistoleSi~ daubrunda.<br />
igi kategoriulad moiTxovs analitikuri<br />
azrovnebis arsebobas, saWirod<br />
miiCnevs, rom analitikuri azrovneba<br />
bavSvobidan unda gavuRvivoT mozards,<br />
igi unda iqnes SemoRebuli rogorc<br />
saswavlo sagani. `kargi iqneba, Tu<br />
sabavSvo baRebSi batoni dimitri uzna-<br />
Zis ganwyobis Teoriaze dayrdnobiT<br />
patarebs gavuRvivebT rogorc erTmaneTis,<br />
ise saerTod, adamianis Tanadgomis<br />
survils, patiebis unars, ufrosis<br />
49<br />
pativiscemas, mamulis siyvaruls~. patriarqi<br />
miiCnevs, rom es ganwyobileba<br />
gahyvebaT mozardebs skolaSi da mTel<br />
cxovrebaSic. mas miaCnia, rom skola-<br />
Si aucileblad unda iyos fsiqologi,<br />
romelic pedagogebTan da mSoblebTan<br />
erTad daakvirdeba moswavles da<br />
daexmareba RvTisgan boZebuli niWis<br />
gamovlenasa da ganviTarebaSi. ilia II<br />
xazs usvams aRzrdis saqmeSi maswavleblis<br />
gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas, gulistkiviliT<br />
aRniSnavs, rom `samwuxarod<br />
CvenTan amas ar eqceva saTanado<br />
yuradReba, ris gamoc yvelaze metad<br />
momavali Taoba ziandeba~ (`saaRdgomo<br />
epistole~, 2007 w. aprili). patriarqi<br />
pedagogis pasuxismgeblobasa da maRali<br />
donis moTxovnasTan erTad miiCnevs,<br />
rom `yvelaze maRali xelfasi saSualo<br />
da umaRlesi skolebis pedagogebs<br />
unda hqondeT, radgan isini ayalibeben<br />
qveynisa da eris momavals da ar arsebobs<br />
amaze metad sapasuxismgeblo<br />
sxva pr<strong>of</strong>esia~ (`saaRdgomo epistole~,<br />
2007 w. aprili).<br />
ilia II aaRorZina da gaagrZela uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis kalistrates<br />
tradicia xuTSabaTobiT inteligenciis<br />
warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedrisa.<br />
mizani erTia, dauaxloos eklesias inteligencia.<br />
saerTod unda iTqvas, rom<br />
ilia II aRsaydrebis umal gezi inteligenciasa<br />
da axalgazrdobaze aiRo.<br />
swored sazogadoebis am nawilma Seavso<br />
qarTuli eklesiis mrevli, swored<br />
patriarqis didma Zalisxmevam Semoabruna<br />
sruliad saqarTvelo eklesiisken.<br />
mecnierTa mniSvnelovani nawili<br />
gverdiT daudga patriarqs da eklesias.<br />
`xuTSabaTobebze~ xSirad naxavT<br />
mwerlebs, xelovnebisa da mecnierebis<br />
sxvadasxva dargis warmomadgenlebs.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiam garkveuli nabijebi<br />
gadadga Tanamedrove civilizaciis<br />
problemebis saRvTismetyvelo<br />
da filos<strong>of</strong>iuri gziT gadasawyvetad.<br />
ilia meore kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebas gamoTqvams<br />
imis gamo, rom bolo dros garkveuli
urTierToba Camoyalibda saqarTvelos<br />
samociqulo eklesias, umaRles saswavleblebs,<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiasa da<br />
sxva samecniero-kulturul centrebs<br />
Soris. `Cven, _ aRniSnavs patriarqi, _<br />
megobrul xels vuwvdiT inteligencias<br />
da moxarulni viqnebiT, Tu Sev-<br />
ZlebT erTad viTanamSromloT qveynis<br />
sakeTildReod~. patriarqi did<br />
yuradRebas aqcevs umaRles skolas,<br />
studentobas. wlebis manZilze, yovel<br />
pirvel seqtembers, ilia II Tbilisis<br />
universitets stumrobda. swavlis dawyebisas<br />
esalmeboda da gulmxurvaled<br />
locavda studentebs. misi gulSi Camwvdomi<br />
darigebani cxovrebis sagzalia<br />
axalgazrdebisaTvis. igi araerTgzis<br />
swvevia fokas, sadac Tbilisis<br />
universitetis studentebi zafxuls<br />
atarebdnen da monastrul cxovrebas<br />
eziarebodnen. es patriarqis dalocviT<br />
xdeboda da uwmidesi arc fokaSi<br />
tovebda maT uyuradRebod. maTTan<br />
Sexvedrebisas aSkarad siTbo Sehqonda<br />
axalgazrdobaSi. es iyo uSualo samsaxuri<br />
axalgazrdobis moazrovne, gonier,analitikuri<br />
gansjis unaris mqone,<br />
zneobrivad jansaR pirovnebebad CamoyalibebisaTvis,<br />
raTa ganxorcielebuliyo<br />
Segoneba: `... adamiani Segnebulad<br />
Tu ar emsaxureba borotebas, adre Tu<br />
gvian gaacnobierebs, rom es cxovreba<br />
mxolod gamocdaa da momzadebaa maradiulobisaTvis<br />
da uars aRar ityvis<br />
yvelaze Zvirfasze _ uflis siyvarulze~.<br />
<br />
ilia II bevri qadageba, calkeuli<br />
gamosvlebi adamianTa ampartavnobis<br />
winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli _ udides<br />
codvad miaCnia igi.<br />
aanalizebs ra XX saukunes, patriarqi<br />
aRniSnavs, rom pirvel rigSi<br />
<br />
<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II saSobao<br />
epistole, 2003 w.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II saaRdgomo<br />
epistole (2007 w., aprili).<br />
50<br />
Tvals xvdeba gaampartavnebuli da gadidgulebuli<br />
adamiani. misi azriT,adamianTa<br />
pativmoyvareobam iseT zRvars<br />
miaRwia, rom man uaryo yovelive, rasac<br />
Tavisi azrovnebiT ver miswvda. am<br />
mdgomareobas cnobili RvTismetyveli<br />
pavle florenski Tavnebobas, satanisturi<br />
ampartavnobis sawyiss uwodebs,<br />
romlisganac warmodgeba survili<br />
RmerTis uary<strong>of</strong>isa, raTa RvTis adgili<br />
adamianma daikavos. ilia II miiCnevs,<br />
rom am avadmy<strong>of</strong>obam Searyia xalxSi<br />
RvTis SiSi da saerTodac Rrma kvali<br />
datova maT sulSi. patriarqi ar<br />
erideba sakuTar Tavze laparaksac.<br />
erT-erT qadagebaSi man ganacxada, rom<br />
erTxel, sasuliero seminariis studentobis<br />
dros, roca TbilisSi Camovida,<br />
diakvanma mama paxumma (obolaZe) axalgazrda<br />
ilia (maSin irakli) uwmides<br />
da unetares kaTolikos-patriarqTan,<br />
melqisedek III-Tan miiyvana. patriarqma<br />
daloca igi, magram rogorc Tavad<br />
hyveba: `etyoba CemSi raRac ampartavnuli<br />
SeniSna da rusulad miTxra:<br />
`RmerTi ampartavanTa Semusravs, xolo<br />
TavmdabalT mianiWebs madls~. es sityvebi,<br />
rogorc ilia meore brZanebs,<br />
gulSi CarCa da mudam axsovs, Tanac<br />
SiSi meuflebao imis gamo, rom ampartavneba<br />
ar iyos CemSio. `saxarebaSi~<br />
sagangebodaa xazgasmuli: `romelmac<br />
daimdablos Tavi Tvisi, igi amaRldes,<br />
da romelmac aimaRlos Tavi Tvisi, igi<br />
damdabldes~. patriarqi Tavmdablobis<br />
magaliTs aZlevs sazogadoebas, ersa<br />
da bers. simdablis magaliTi aris<br />
fexTabana, romelsac (ieso qristes<br />
msgavsad) uwmidesi da unetaresi wmida<br />
samebis taZarSi vnebis Svideulis<br />
xuTSabaTs (did xuTSabaTs) atarebs.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II saSobao<br />
epistole, 1998/1995 ww.<br />
ruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II qadageba<br />
did xuTSabaTs (4 aprili, 2007 w.). _ `sapatriarqos<br />
uwyebani~, Tb., 2007, 19_25 apr., gv. 2.
ilia II TavgamodebiT mouwodebs morwmuneT,<br />
aRZravs CvenSi sinanulis grZnobas da<br />
rom iswrafodnen adamianis aRsarebis madliT iwyeba pirovnebis<br />
nebis RvTis nebasTan Tanxvedrisaken.<br />
swored am ori nebis Serwyma (sinergia)<br />
ganwmendis procesi~. patriarqi eklesias<br />
mouwodebs _ gamoiCinos meti moTmineba,<br />
pirovnebas RvTis nebis aRmsruleblad<br />
morCileba, daimdablos Tavi,<br />
y<strong>of</strong>nis saSualebas da macxovarTan<br />
TanaziarebiT sulierad gadarCenis Zalas<br />
aZlevs. patriarqi eris codvebs<br />
moinaniebs kidec da mxurvale locvebs<br />
aRavlens. misi ideali wmida daviT aRmaSenebelia,<br />
avtori `galobani sinanulisani~-sa.<br />
monaniebis ubadlo nimuSia<br />
daviTis `galobani~.<br />
`Jami raÁ wulilTa da ÃmelTa<br />
aRm<strong>of</strong>SvinvaTaY warmodges,<br />
zari mefobisaYwarxdes da<br />
didebaÁ daSrtes,<br />
Suebani uqm iqmnen,<br />
yvavilovnebaÁ daWnes,<br />
sxuaman miiRos skiptra,<br />
sxuasa Seudgen spani,<br />
maSin Semiwyale msajulo Cemo!~<br />
ilia II xSirad axdens wmida mefis,<br />
daviT aRmaSeneblis citirebas.<br />
Semwynarebeli TvaliT Sexedos adamianTa<br />
uZlurebebs da swori mimar-<br />
Tuleba misces maT y<strong>of</strong>as. `Cven yvela<br />
unda SeviyvaroT da aravis ar unda<br />
vkraT xeli _ arc loTebs, arc narkomanebsa<br />
da qurdebs, arc meZavebs, arc<br />
borotmoqmedT, arc urwmunoT. RmerTma<br />
inebos, yvelani WeSmariti sinanuliT<br />
movidnen eklesiaSi da miiRon kurneba<br />
sulisa~. fiqri sulierebasa da<br />
moralze wiTel zolad gasdevs ilia<br />
II mTel cxovrebas. igi ukiJinebs adamianebs<br />
umoqmedobisaTvis, udardelobisa<br />
da uzrunvelobisaTvis. yovelive<br />
amis ukugdebiT ki modis simtkice da<br />
baraqa. sulierebis arqona da urwmunoeba<br />
miaCnia patriarqs gavrcelebuli<br />
uary<strong>of</strong>iTi movlenebis (narkomania,lo-<br />
Toba, aborti, moraluri dacema, ojaxis<br />
saqarTvelos eklesia, uSualod rRveva da a.S.) mizezad. am uary<strong>of</strong>ipatriarqi<br />
mniSvnelovan yuradRebas<br />
uTmoben mozardi Taobis qristianul<br />
aRzrdas. ilia II locva-kurTxeviT<br />
qveyanaSi ramdenime sasuliero saswavlebeli,<br />
gimnazia da sakvirao skola<br />
Ti movlenebis gamo pasuxismgebelia<br />
saxelmwifo, eklesia, skola da ojaxi.<br />
`saqarTvelos eklesia, _ ganmartavs patriarqi,<br />
_ yovelTvis iyo da darCeba<br />
eris sulier gamaerTianebel Zalad,<br />
gaixsna. bevr maTganSi swavleba amitomac eklesia unda daexmaros saxelmwifos<br />
warmatebiT mimdinareobs. gansakuTrebulad<br />
mniSvnelovani iyo patriarqis<br />
mier sapatimroebis monaxuleba, sadac<br />
msjavrdadebulebs saSualeba miecaT<br />
_ rogorc koordinators, _<br />
yoveli sasikeTo nabijis gadadgmisas;<br />
ra Tqma unda, igive mimarTuleba unda<br />
hqondes skolasac da ojaxsac~. <br />
Sexvedrodnen saqarTvelos sulier patriarqi miiCnevs,rom Cvens rTulsa<br />
mamas da gamxnevebis sityvebi moesminaT<br />
misgan. `is, vinc klavs, vinc qurdobs,<br />
vinc mruSobs, vinc narkotikebs<br />
ikeTebs da sxva mZime danaSaulzec<br />
ar ambobs uars, momakvdinebel codvas<br />
sCadis~ _ mkacrad miuTiTebs patriarqi,<br />
magram Tan aRniSnavs: `yvelaze codvilma<br />
kacmac unda icodes, rom fexze<br />
da problemebiT aRsavse cxovreba-<br />
Si adamianma unda icodes, Tu rogor<br />
sZlios gansacdels. pavle mociquli<br />
ambobs: `urTierTis simZime itvirTeT<br />
da esreT aRasruleT sjuli igi qristesi~.<br />
patriarqi ganmartavs: `... sxva<br />
adamianis tvirTi itvirTe, gauadvile<br />
mas misi cxovrebis gza da amiT aRaswamodgoma<br />
SesaZlebelia da amitom...<br />
imedi ar unda dakargos~. amis garantad<br />
uwmidess adamianis sindisi miaC-<br />
saSobao epistole, 1998_99 ww.<br />
saaRdgomo epistole, 2007 wlis aprili.<br />
nia. misi ganmartebiT, `swored sindisi saSobao epistole, 1998_99 ww.<br />
51
uleb qristes sjulsa da mcnebebs~. <br />
ilia OIIO wuxs, rom dRes mdidar-<br />
Ta gverdiT bevri gaWirvebulia da<br />
moiTxovs,rom im adamianebma,romelTac<br />
aqvT materialuri saSualeba, izrunon<br />
gaWirvebulTa da xelmokleTa ojaxebze.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesia, sapatriarqo<br />
bevrs akeTebs imisaTvis, raTa Seumsubuqos<br />
adamianebs gasaWiri. patriarqis<br />
SewevniT sapatriarqos karis eklesias-<br />
Tan gaixsna `mowyalebis saxli~, sadac<br />
yoveldRiurad ewyoba trapezi. Zegvis<br />
bavSvTa saxlSi izrdebian mzrunvelobas<br />
moklebuli bavSvebi. baTumis<br />
eparqiaSi (feriis savane) miusafari<br />
adamianebi saxloben. es mciredia im<br />
RonisZiebebidan, romlebsac patriarqi<br />
da sapatriarqo qvelmoqmedebis saxiT<br />
atareben.<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqi, rogorc<br />
mwyemsi sruliad saqarTvelosi da<br />
sazRvargareT my<strong>of</strong> qarTvelebze gul-<br />
Sematkivari,xSirad mogzaurobs qveynis<br />
yvela kuTxeSi, moilocavs siwmideebs.<br />
patriarqTan Sexvedra, masTan<br />
urTierToba didi nugeSia xalxisaTvis,<br />
gamamxnevebeli da rwmenis Camnergavia.<br />
mrevli rwmundeba, rom patriarqs<br />
yvelas siyvarulis guliT tareba<br />
SeuZlia. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis stumroba saingiloSi.<br />
sapatriarqosTan arsebuli<br />
misiisa da evangelizaciis gany<strong>of</strong>ileba<br />
1992 wlidan aqtiur misionerul<br />
saqmianobas eweva saingiloSi. mosaxleobas<br />
urigdeba saRvTo wignebi,<br />
jvrebi,xatebi; xdeba garkveuli materialuri<br />
daxmarebis gaweva. qarTveli<br />
samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebi weliwadSi<br />
orjer (23 noembers da 6 maiss)<br />
monawileoben giorgobis dResaswaulSi.<br />
wmida giorgis eklesiaSi imarTeba<br />
naTlobebi. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
xelSewyobiT ramdenime ingilom<br />
daamTavra saqarTvelos sasuliero<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II sakvirao<br />
qadageba, 2007 wlis 23 aprili.<br />
52<br />
akademia da saqarTvelos eparqiebSi<br />
(saingiloSic) RvTismsaxurebas eweva.<br />
patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT yovel<br />
zafxuls sapatriarqo 250_300 ingilo<br />
bavSvs saSualebas aZlevs daisvenon<br />
sxvadasxva kurortze. mniSvnelovani<br />
iyo ilia II mier kaxis raionis (kaxis<br />
raionis wmida giorgis eklesiaSi<br />
1988 wels ganaxlda RvTismsaxureba;<br />
1988_92 ww-Si aRdga s<strong>of</strong>. kaxis wmida<br />
giorgis, s<strong>of</strong>. alibeglos wmida ninos<br />
da s<strong>of</strong>. SamaSis mTavarangelozis<br />
eklesiebi) s<strong>of</strong>lebis eklesiebSi<br />
paraklisis gadaxda. amaRelvebeli<br />
iyo patriarqis stumroba sparseTSi<br />
_ fereidnel qarTvelebTan. ilia II<br />
mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad moiloca<br />
tao-klarjeTis qarTuli eklesiebi.<br />
sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli (amis<br />
Sesaxeb zemoTac aRvniSneT), rom patriarqis<br />
Tanamdeboba ara mxolod saeklesio,<br />
aramed saxelmwifoebrivicaa. swored<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi midgomiT gamoirCeva<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
ilia II yoveli gadadgmuli<br />
nabiji. igi gverdSi udgas<br />
saxelmwifos da bevrs fiqrobs mis<br />
mowyobaze. patriarqi wuxs, rom qveyanaSi<br />
mimdinare procesebiT xalxis<br />
nawili dabneulia da gulgatexiloba<br />
dauflebia. gadauWreli sakiTxebi (korufcia,<br />
dausaqmebeli mosaxleoba, narkomania,qurdoba,socialurad<br />
daucveli<br />
fenis gamravleba da sxv.) marTlac bevria.<br />
uwmidesi miiCnevs, rom gamosavals<br />
mxolod kreditebsa da daxmarebebSi<br />
ar unda veZebdeT, radgan `uSromlad<br />
miRebuli Tanxa baraqas ver gamoiRebs~.<br />
mTavari, misi azriT, isaa, rom Cven Tvi-<br />
Ton daviwyoT Sroma da vizrunoT imaze,<br />
raTa Rirsni gavxdeT uflis wyalobisa.<br />
`yvelam viciT, _ aRniSnavs patriarqi,<br />
_ rom Cvenma qveyanam demokratiis<br />
gziT ganviTarebis principi airCia da<br />
am mimarTulebiT seriozuli nabijebic<br />
gadadga,magram... cxovrebis es wesi ucxo<br />
qveynebis y<strong>of</strong>is brmad mibaZvas ar niSnavs...<br />
yvela qveyanas sakuTari demokra-
tiuli wyoba unda hqondes, dafuZnebuli<br />
erovnul tradiciebze, kulturaze,<br />
azrovnebaze...~ <br />
rakiRa saqarTvelom aqcenti kanonis<br />
uzenaesobaze gaakeTa, amitomac<br />
`rogor kanonebs miiRebs saxelmwifo,<br />
es ganapirobebs qveyanaSi mimdinare<br />
ara marto ekonomikur da socialur<br />
procesebs, aramed xalxis sulier mdgomareobasac~.<br />
patriarqi Tvlis, rom<br />
sakanonmdeblo bazis SeqmnaSi aqtiuri<br />
monawileoba unda miiRos qveynis<br />
yvela moqalaqem, Tanac miuTiTebs: `xelisuflebam<br />
unda gaiTvaliswinos is<br />
faqti, rom qveyanaSi arsebuli kanonebi<br />
ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes RvTisgan<br />
dadgenil kanonebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi<br />
saxelmwifo, rogori ganviTarebulic<br />
ar unda iyos ekonomikurad, aucileblad<br />
didi sulieri problemis winaSe<br />
dadgeba~. patriarqis yoveli gamonaTqvami,<br />
misi yoveli naazrevi naTlad<br />
gviCvenebs, rom igi Tavis xalx-<br />
Tanaa, masze fiqrobs da zrunavs. amis<br />
naTeli magaliTia is, rom 1989 wlis 9<br />
aprilis umZimes wuTebSi ilia II Tavis<br />
xalxTan iyo. man mTels samwysos<br />
amcno mosalodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb<br />
da erTaderTi swori gzisken _ qaSve-<br />
Tis eklesiaSi locvisken mouwoda. am<br />
brZnuli rCevis Seusmenlobis Sedegi 9<br />
aprilis tragedia gaxldaT. 1991 wlis<br />
dekembris movlenebis dros patriarqi<br />
yovelmxriv Seecada moerigebina<br />
dapirispirebuli mxareebi. mis mier<br />
gadadgmuli nabijebi rTuli, magram<br />
swori iyo, mis moqmedebaSi sibrZne gamosWvioda.<br />
patriarqs momavlisa da<br />
gamarjvebis rwmena ar tovebs. man kargad<br />
icis, rom qristes gza `viwroa da<br />
ekliani, magram erTaderTia da gadamrCeneli.<br />
igi jvarcmaa, magram igi aris<br />
aRdgomac~. <br />
saaRdgomo epistole, 2000 w. 17(30) aprili.<br />
iqve.<br />
iqve.<br />
iqve.<br />
53<br />
ilia II Tavisi dauRalavi moRvaweobiT<br />
SeZlo erisa da eklesiis gaer-<br />
Tianeba. aTeuli wlebis manZilze Zalad<br />
gaxleCili, qarTuli eklesiisagan<br />
mowyvetili sazogadoeba, romelic urwmunoebis<br />
gamo sulierad dakninebuli<br />
iyo da mravali mankieri Tviseba gaaCnda,<br />
kvlav Semobrunda qristianobisaken.<br />
aq udidesi roli ilia II pirovnebam,<br />
misma znekeTilobam Seasrula. swored<br />
man warmoaCina axleburad qristianobis<br />
Zala, eklesiis mniSvneloba<br />
sazogadoebisaTvis. amasTan, win wamoswia<br />
qristianobis SemecnebiTi mxare;<br />
aCvena, rom es mxolod rwmena ki ara,<br />
mecnieruli codnacaa. patriarqis mcdelobiT<br />
eklesiam aRidgina da aaRorZina<br />
Tavisi kargi tradiciebi. Sesabamisad<br />
gaizarda mecnierTa, xelovnebis<br />
muSakTa roli _ gulisxmierad moekidon<br />
eris sulieri ganaTlebis saqmes,<br />
mxarSi amoudgnen mSobliur eklesias<br />
da RirsebiT emsaxuron mas. `marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesias, _ miiCnevs patriarqi,<br />
_ unda hqondes mWidro kontaqti<br />
mecnierebTan da is sasicocxlo da,<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas,sabediswero sakiTxebi,<br />
romlebic aRelvebs ms<strong>of</strong>lios, eklesiis<br />
yuradRebis miRma ar unda darCes~. <br />
ilia II mudmivi yuradReba ar mohklebia<br />
umaRles skolas, studentobas.<br />
misi xSiri vizitebi universitetebSi,<br />
Sexvedrebi pr<strong>of</strong>esor-maswavleblebsa<br />
da studentebTan, misi saqmiani saubrebi,<br />
yvelaze zrunvis gamomxatveli<br />
xibli sayovelTao siyvarulis SaravandediT<br />
mosavs mis uwmidesobas. 2002<br />
wlis 7 oqtombers iv. javaxiSvilis<br />
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
didma samecniero sabWom<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />
II Tavis sapatio doqtorad airCia. es<br />
madlierebis gamoxatva iyo saerTod<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi (Tbilisis<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II saSobao<br />
epistole, 2002_2003 ww. qristesSoba).
universiteti gaxsnis dRes, 1918 wlis<br />
26 ianvars, kaTolikos-patriarqma kirionma<br />
akurTxa da Semdeg sazeimo paraklisi<br />
gadaixada universitetis maSindel<br />
eklesiaSi), aRiareba iyo ilia II<br />
didi amagisa ganaTlebis sistemisadmi;<br />
misi gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebisa<br />
Tbilisis universitetisadmi (patriarqis<br />
locva-kurTxeva da Tanadgoma<br />
yovelTvis gamorCeuli iyo qveynis<br />
pirveli umaRlesi saswavleblisadmi,<br />
alma-materisadmi).<br />
samadlobel sityvaSi ilia II xazi<br />
gausva codnisa da rwmenis mWidro kavSiris<br />
aucileblobas, rom adamiani<br />
codnisa da rwmenis saSualebiT aRwevs<br />
sruly<strong>of</strong>ilebas; `mxolod morwmune<br />
adamiani aris mona RvTisa, xolo morwmune<br />
da ganaTlebuli adamiani aris megobari<br />
RvTisa,~ _ gaixsena patriarqma<br />
klimenti aleqsandrielis sityvebi.<br />
2005 wlis 11 marts sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
saerTo krebam sapatio akademikosad<br />
airCia. patriarqma Tavis sityvaSi mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis saerTo krebaze<br />
erTxel kidev moiTxova mecnierebisa<br />
da eklesiis urTierTobis ganmtkiceba.<br />
`saqarTvelos tradicia, saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis tradicia, _ aRniSna uwmidesma,<br />
_ iyo da rCeba is, rom eklesia da<br />
mecniereba iyo metad daaxloebuli<br />
erTmaneTTan~ (sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />
unetaresis ilia II gamosvlis teqsti<br />
2005 wlis 11 marts, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
erovnuli akademiis saerTo<br />
krebaze, daculia akademiis arqivSi).<br />
ilia II yuradReba miaqcia im garemoebas,<br />
rom TiTqmis yvela monasteri iyo<br />
ara marto didi sulierebis centri,<br />
aramed didi mecnieruli savane, sadac<br />
iwereboda originaluri Sromebi, sadac<br />
iTargmneboda sxvadasxva mecnieruli<br />
da saRvTismetyvelo Txzuleba<br />
da sadac moRvaweobdnen didi mecnierebi.<br />
daviT aRmaSenebelma daaarsa<br />
ra gelaTis akademia, miznad dasaxa,<br />
y<strong>of</strong>iliyo igi axali ierusalimi Tavisi<br />
didi sulierebiT da meore aTina<br />
Tavisi didi mecnierebiT. `Cven mTeli<br />
istoriis manZilze vcdilobdiT da<br />
vcdilobT, _ brZana patriarqma akademiis<br />
saerTo krebaze,_ rom ganvaxorcieloT<br />
es anderZi didi mefis daviT<br />
aRmaSeneblisa. ar SeiZleba vicxovroT<br />
mxolod Cveni warsuliT, ar SeiZleba<br />
Cven viamayoT mxolod Cveni didi istoriiT,<br />
aramed, upirveles yovlisa,<br />
dRes unda vifiqroT dRevandel dReze,<br />
dRevandel pirobebze, im siZneleebze,<br />
romlebic dgas eris winaSe, da unda<br />
vifiqroT momavalze~. ilia II mowodebaa,<br />
rom erma, eklesiam da saxelmwifom<br />
da, pirvel rigSi, mecnierebma ifiqron<br />
qarTul ideologiaze, im ideaze, romelic<br />
gadaarCens saqarTvelos. patriarqis<br />
moRvaweobis 30 weli, periodi,<br />
roca ufalma saqarTvelos sulier<br />
mamad ilia II mouvlina, umZimesi wlebia<br />
(jer iyo da eklesiisaTvis umZimesi<br />
sabWoTa periodi). xelisuflebis<br />
Secvlas, garkveul dadebiT mxareebTan<br />
erTad, hqonda mZime Sedegebi rogorc<br />
eklesiisaTvis, ise erisaTvis. eklesiis<br />
sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom miuxedavad<br />
siZneleebisa, mainc win midioda.<br />
friad mravlismetyveli iyo ilia<br />
II Sexvedra mis uwmidesobasTan romis<br />
papTan ioane pavle II-sTan. roca papma<br />
rukaze saqarTvelo moZebna, gakvirvebulma<br />
ganacxada – ra rTuli adgili<br />
gikaviaTo. ilia II auxsna paps, rom<br />
saqarTvelo mudam brZolaSi iyo, raTa<br />
daecva ena,kultura,eklesia da dRemde<br />
moeRwia. paps kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebiT upasuxia:<br />
amitomac xarT Zlierebi,rom gauZeliT<br />
amaso.<br />
patriarqs miaCnia, rom mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiam unda SeimuSaos rekomendaciebi<br />
saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis<br />
sakiTxebze; axalgazrdoba unda<br />
aRizardos mecnierTa Sromebze. `Tqven<br />
albaT miaqcieT yuradReba saeklesio<br />
54
55<br />
droSas,_ brZana ilia II,_ romelzec gamosaxulia<br />
wmida ninos jvari da jvars<br />
garSemo misdevs lurji feris zoli,<br />
romelic aris farTo, ganieri da ufro<br />
viwro; es ganieri da viwro uerTdeba<br />
erTmaneTs jvris garSemo da es swored<br />
imis miTiTebaa, rom kavSiri unda iyos<br />
ufros da umcros TaobaTa Soris. es<br />
yvelaferi saqarTvelos sakeTildReod<br />
unda iqnes gamoyenebuli~ (Sdr. sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />
II 1990 wlis `saaRdgomo epistoles~<br />
amonarids: `dadga dro ufrosi Taobis<br />
jer arnaxuli daundobeli lanZRvisa<br />
im sababiT, TiTqos maT daRupes saqarTvelo...<br />
sakiTxavi isicaa, maT adgilas<br />
gana Cven ukeTesni viqnebodiT?<br />
gavuZlebdiT im wlebis simZimes?~). uwmidesma<br />
Cveuli TavmdablobiT Seafasa<br />
mecnierTa Rvawli: `me Tavs vixri Cveni<br />
mecnierebis winaSe da minda vTqva, rom<br />
didia Tqveni Rvawli, Tqveni wvlili<br />
erisa da eklesiis winaSe, Cveni qveynis<br />
winaSe~. Tavmdabloba swored isaa, rom<br />
mravali akademiis wevrma da araerTi<br />
jildos mflobelma (saqarTvelos patriarqi<br />
dajildoebulia ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
(konstantinopolis) sapatriarqos, antioqiis,<br />
ierusalimis, aleqsandriis,<br />
ruseTis, saberZneTis, bulgareTis, rumineTis,<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqoebis;<br />
poloneTis, Cexoslovakiisa da TiTqmis<br />
yvela sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
umaRlesi jildoTi. aris niuiorkis<br />
sasuliero akademiis RvTismetyvelebis<br />
doqtori, kretis sasuliero<br />
akademiis sapatio wevri, gaerosTan<br />
arsebuli informatizaciis saerTaSoriso<br />
akademiis namdvili wevri, amerikis<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
tixonis saRvTismetyvelo seminariis<br />
RvTismetyvelebis doqtori) sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />
udides pativad miiRo Tbilisis<br />
universitetis sapatio doqtorad da<br />
mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio<br />
akademikosad arCeva. misTvis sakuTari<br />
samSoblos aRiareba uzenaesia.<br />
esec naTeli magaliTia samSoblo qveynis<br />
WeSmariti siyvarulisa.<br />
ilia II zedmiwevniT asrulebs mecnierTaTvis<br />
micemul sityvas. am mxriv<br />
mraval sasargeblo saqmes akeTebs<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
fondi, romelic mxarSi udgas mecnierebs.<br />
umniSvnelovanesi iyo ilia<br />
II Sexvedra mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
wevrebTan da wevr-korespondentebTan<br />
2007 wlis 30 ianvars, roca misma uwmidesobam<br />
mowveulni unikaluri saeklesio<br />
wignebiTa (`naTeli qristesi _<br />
saqarTvelo~) da sapatio sigelebiT<br />
daajildova.<br />
gansakuTrebulad unda aRiniSnos,<br />
rom bolo ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
moxda gamorCeul, Rirseul qarTvel<br />
mamuliSvilTa kanonizireba.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa<br />
mowamebrivad aRsrulebuli<br />
didi qarTveli mwerali da sazogado<br />
moRvawe ilia WavWavaZe (1987 w.), wmida<br />
ninos mSoblebi _ susana da zabuloni,<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaia,<br />
quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti<br />
nazari krebulTan erTad, imereTis<br />
episkoposi gabriel qiqoZe, episkoposi<br />
aleqsandre oqropiriZe,iRumeni aleqsi<br />
SuSania, mRvdeli Tevdore (1995 w.); 1999<br />
wels wmindanad iqna Seracxili cotne<br />
dadiani. ukanasknel xans wmindanTa<br />
dass Seematnen kaTolikosebi: petre I<br />
da samoel I, abuseriZe tbeli, Tevdore<br />
aWareli, klarjeli mamani da dedani,<br />
ilarion qarTveli (axali),kaTolikospatriarqi<br />
kirion II,eqvTime TayaiSvili<br />
da RvTisa da mamulisaTvis Tavdadebuli<br />
sxva qarTvelebi. 2007 wlis 26<br />
aprils, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomaze<br />
wmindanTa dasSi Seiracxa gamoCenili<br />
qarTveli sazogado moRvawe, publicisti,<br />
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />
moZraobis erT-erTi mesveuri dimitri<br />
yifiani da ewoda wmida dimitri yifiani,<br />
samSoblosaTvis wamebuli. wmida
sinodis ganCinebiT, misi xsenebis dRed<br />
misive dabadebis dRe – 14/26 aprili<br />
dadginda.<br />
ilia II locva-kurTxeviT saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiam araerTi siwmide<br />
daibruna. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
locva-kurTxeviT tradiciad iqca morwmuneTa<br />
mier moZRvrebTan erTad `wmida<br />
ninos gzis~ (faravnidan mcxeTamde)<br />
fexiT gavla. am misias mravali qarTvelis<br />
monaTvla da ziareba mohyva Sedegad,<br />
aRdga mdinareSi monaTvlis wesi<br />
(imarTeba mociqulTa moxseniebis dRes<br />
– 13 ivliss, mcxeTaSi, mtkvrisa da aragvis<br />
SesarTavTan).<br />
uwmidesis saxelTanaa uSualod<br />
dakavSirebuli RvTismsaxurebis dros<br />
qarTuli sagaloblebis aRdgena-ganaxleba<br />
(ilia II kaTolikos-patriarqad<br />
aRsaydrebamde sakmaod dabal doneze<br />
sruldeboda sagaloblebi, romelTa<br />
avtorebi upiratesad rusebi iyvnen).<br />
Seiqmna mgalobelTa Zlieri gundi, romelic<br />
TiTqmis 30 welia qarTul sagaloblebs<br />
didi warmatebiT asrulebs.<br />
niSandoblivia, rom ZvelTan erTad Tanamedrove<br />
qarTveli kompozitorebis<br />
mier saeklesio tradiciebis dacviT<br />
Seqmnili sagaloblebic sruldeba. saocaria,<br />
magram faqtia, rom bolo periodSi<br />
Seqmnili qarTuli sagaloblebidan<br />
Tavisi melodiurobiT, gulSi<br />
Camwvdomi sinatifiT gamoirCeva ilia<br />
II mier Seqmnili sagaloblebi. uwmidesma,<br />
jer kidev sruliad axalgazrdam,<br />
baTumSi mRvdel-monazvnad msaxurebisas<br />
Seqmna sagalobeli `wmidao<br />
RmerTo, wmidao Zliero~. es sagalobeli<br />
gamorCeuli siyvaruliT sargeblobs<br />
qarTvel mosaxleobaSi. gasuli<br />
saukunis 60-ian wlebSi patriarq efrem<br />
II-sTan erTad CexoslovakiaSi vizitiT<br />
mRvdel-monazoni iliac iyo. praRaSi,<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi y<strong>of</strong>nisas<br />
mRvdel-monazonma iliam organze Seasrula<br />
`wmidao RmerTo~. iq my<strong>of</strong>ni aRfrTovanebulan.<br />
saqme isaa, rom TviT<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqsac pirvelad<br />
56<br />
mousmenia es nawarmoebi. igi mimxvdara,<br />
Tu vin iyo avtori am sagaloblisa da<br />
mxurvale madlobis sityvebi uTqvams<br />
axalgazrda mRvdel-monazvnisTvis.<br />
2007 wlis martSi moskovSi patriarqis<br />
vizitis dros, qriste-macxovris<br />
grandiozul taZarSi, sadac saRmrTo<br />
liturgias oTxi aTasze meti sxvadasxva<br />
erovnebis morwmune eswreboda, Sesrulda<br />
ilia II mier Seqmnili genialuri<br />
`kirie eleÁson~. sagalobelma, romelic<br />
brwyinvaled Seasrula saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqos gundma, mrevlis<br />
aRfrTovaneba gamoiwvia. kmay<strong>of</strong>ileba<br />
da moxibluloba ver dafara uwmidesma<br />
aleqsi II, moskovisa da sruliad ruseTis<br />
patriarqma. man sagangebod ixmo<br />
moskovis sapatriarqos mgalobelTa<br />
gundis regenti, daavala saswrafod<br />
moepovebina `kirie eleÁson~-is notebi,<br />
rom maT mgaloblebsac repertuarSi<br />
SeetanaT. roca aleqsi II gaigo, rom<br />
am sagaloblis avtori ilia II iyo,<br />
gancvifrebulma gulwrfelad miuloca<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqs warmatebuli<br />
musikaluri nawarmoebis Seqmna.<br />
ilia II gamorCeulia mxatvrobis<br />
niWiTac. misi diapazoni ar SeiZleba<br />
mxolod xatweriT SemovfargloT; igi<br />
farTo masStabis mxatvaria. ar SeiZleba<br />
Tayvaniscemis grZnoba ar dageuflos<br />
patriarqis mier Sesrulebuli (dawerili)<br />
wmida samebis xatis xilvisas.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas,rom igi mniSvnelovani<br />
siwmide da salocavia wmida samebis<br />
taZrisa. maRali ostatobiTaa ilia<br />
II mier Sesrulebuli Tamaris freska<br />
didubis eklesiaSi, RvTismSobeli _<br />
manglisis sapatriarqo rezidenciaSi,<br />
vaxtang gorgasali _ rusTavis eklesiaSi,<br />
Tamar mefe da solomon brZeni _<br />
Tbilisis sapatriarqo rezindenciaSi<br />
da sxva mravali. patriarqma pirad<br />
magaliTTan erTad zrunva ar moaklo<br />
qarTuli saeklesio ferweris (monumenturi<br />
mxatvrobis) tradiciebis aRdgena-ganviTarebas.<br />
swored ilia II<br />
gansakuTrebuli xelSewyobiTa da
locva-kurTxeviT Tbilisis sasuliero<br />
akademiaSi Camoyalibda xatmwerTa<br />
skola, romelic warmatebulad saqmianobs.<br />
ilia II TaosnobiT sapatriarqoSi<br />
Seiqmna xuroTmoZRvruli centri.<br />
es Zalian mniSvnelovani dawesebulebaa;<br />
igi funqciurad erTaderTia, vinc<br />
akontrolebs saeklesio dogmatebis,<br />
kanonikis dacvas ferwerasa da arqiteqturaSi.<br />
ganuzomelia ilia II avtoriteti da<br />
popularoba ara marto saqarTveloSi,<br />
aramed mis farglebs gareTac, saerTa-<br />
Soriso masStabiT. uwmidesi mraval<br />
saerTaSoriso RonisZiebaSi monawileobda.<br />
igi 1978_83 wlebSi arCeuli iyo<br />
eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWos prezidentad.<br />
praqtikulad man warmarTa saiubileo<br />
liturgiuli msaxurebani ruseTis<br />
gaqristianebis 1000 wlisTavze<br />
moskovSi, risTvisac mas gansakuTrebiT<br />
pativs miageben ara mxolod rusi<br />
mRvdelmsaxurni, aramed mrevlic. misi<br />
usazRvro avtoritetis demonstrireba<br />
iyo 2007 wlis 1_5 martis viziti<br />
moskovSi, ruseTis sapatriarqos miwveviT.<br />
saqarTvelos delegacia sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />
II meTaurobiT (am striqonebis avtors<br />
wilad xvda delegaciis wevrobis didi<br />
pativi) xazgasmuli pativiT miiRes da<br />
gamoxates gansakuTrebuli pativiscema<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqis mimarT. viziti<br />
mieZRvna `Православная Энциклопедия~s<br />
XIII tomis gamosvlas. am tomSi Sesulia<br />
statiebi `saqarTvelo~, `saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia~ da<br />
sxv. es faqtobrivad sababi iyo esoden<br />
maRali donis saeklesio delegaciis<br />
miwvevisa. realurad viziti garkveul<br />
politikur elfers atarebda. gasaTvaliswinebelia,<br />
rom saxelmwifoTa<br />
Soris urTierToba daZabuli iyo: ruseTis<br />
mTavrobis miTiTebiT SemoRebuli<br />
savizo reJimi, embargo qarTul<br />
alkoholur da mineralur sasmelebze,<br />
xilsa da bostneulze; gamwvavebuli<br />
57<br />
viTareba Sida qarTlsa da afxazeTSi,<br />
raSic ruseTis roli gamokveTilia;<br />
vizebis gacemis praqtikuli Sewyveta<br />
_ ai movlenebi, romlebic amZafrebda<br />
politikur fons.<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqis viziti<br />
ruseTSi WeSmaritad istoriuli iyo.<br />
aseTi Sefaseba mieca mas ruseTsa da<br />
saqarTveloSi. vizitis metad saintereso,<br />
mravalmniSvnelovan movlenaTa<br />
Soris gamorCeuli iyo qriste-macxovris<br />
uzarmazar taZarSi ori patriarqis<br />
_ ilia II da aleqsi II _ mier<br />
Sesrulebuli erToblivi wirva, or-<br />
Tave patriarqma SesTxova ufals, rom<br />
mSvidoba sufevdes qarTvel da rus<br />
erebs Soris.<br />
uaRresad mniSvnelovani iyo ilia<br />
II sityva sazeimo trapezze 2007 wlis<br />
4 marts, qriste-macxovris taZarSi.<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqi gulTbilad<br />
miesalma rus kolegebs da aRniSna:<br />
`ufalma ganago is, rom gvemoRvaweva<br />
or saukunesa da or aTaswleulSi.<br />
es metad rTuli droa. Cven vxedavT,<br />
rom is procesebi, romlebic amJamad<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi mimdinareobs, gardauvalia.<br />
amave dros, es aris aseve metad saxifa-<br />
To procesebi. saxifaToa im mxriv, rom<br />
Cven, SesaZloa, davkargoT is faseulobebi,<br />
romlebic saukuneTa ganmavloba-<br />
Si Seqmnes da daaunjes Cvenma winaprebma.<br />
mxedvelobaSi maqvs Cveni sulieri,<br />
erovnuli, kulturuli, samecniero da<br />
sxva faseulobani... Cveni eklesiebi _<br />
ruseTis eklesiac da saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiac yvelafers akeTeben imisaTvis,<br />
rom adamianebma gaarCion avi da kargi...<br />
sakiTxavia isic, Tu rogor gavlenas<br />
iqoniebs esa Tu is qveyana kavkasiaze?<br />
mTavaria, ar davkargoT RvTis madli...<br />
zogierTs surs gadasinjos kavkasiis<br />
sazRvrebi. es Zalian saxifaToa, es<br />
dausrulebeli sisxlismRvreli omia~. <br />
ilia II sagangebod gausva xazi, rom<br />
ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />
ix. `sapatriarqos uwyebani~, Tb., 2007, 22_28 marti,<br />
gv. 2_3.
aRiarebs saqarTvelos teritoriul<br />
mTlianobas da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis erTianobas. es<br />
yovelive ki xsnis im daZabulobas,<br />
romelic Cndeba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos<br />
Soris. `aucileblad unda aRdges<br />
ndoba, _ brZana patriarqma, _ Cvens<br />
saxelmwifo moRvaweTa Soris. mimaCnia,<br />
rom es viziti aris umniSvnelovanesi<br />
dasawyisi am ndobis aRsadgenad,radgan<br />
es Cveni viziti scildeba eklesiaTa-<br />
Sorisi urTierTobebis farglebs~. <br />
metad STambeWdavi da politikuri<br />
safanliT iyo gajerebuli saqar-<br />
Tvelos patriarqis gamosvla (qadageba)<br />
wirvisas, roca igi afxazeTis problemas<br />
Seexo. uwmidesma aRniSna, rom<br />
swored axla, wirvis dros, 4 marts<br />
afxazeTSi tardeba parlamentis arCevnebi.<br />
da es maSin, roca mosaxleobis 2/3<br />
devnilia, afxazeTis farglebs miRma<br />
imy<strong>of</strong>eba. patriarqis es sityvebi realobas<br />
asaxavda da JReradobac didi<br />
hqonda. rogorc aRiniSna, saRmrTo<br />
liturgias sxvadasxva erovnebis 4000-<br />
ze meti kaci, maT Soris masmediis warmomadgenlebi<br />
eswrebodnen.<br />
patriarqis gamosaTxovari sityvis<br />
dasasruli imediani iyo: `gamovTqvamT<br />
imeds, rom miuxedavad yvela siZnelisa,<br />
RvTis madliT, Cvens qveynebs Soris arsebul<br />
problemebs davZlevT~.<br />
saqarTvelos saeklesio delegaciis<br />
moskovurma vizitma erTxel kidev<br />
warmoaCina ilia II didi Zala, mtkice<br />
xasiaTi, dialogis gamarTvis didi unari,<br />
mizanswrafva da saocari siyvaruli<br />
moyvasisa (es gansakuTrebiT moskovis<br />
qarTuli eklesiis mrevlTan da<br />
qarTul saTvistomosTan Sexvedrisas<br />
gamoCnda).<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqis mowodebaa<br />
– `gavacnobieroT ra aris sikeTe<br />
da ra – boroteba, romel gzas mivyavarT<br />
cxovrebisaken da romels daRupvisaken...<br />
xsna mxolod adamianisa da<br />
iqve, gv. 3.<br />
58<br />
RmrTis erTobaSia~. ilia II miiCnevs,<br />
rom aucilebelia siyvarulamde ama-<br />
Rleba. igi xSirad mimarTavs wmida<br />
werils: `siyvaruli sulgrZelia da<br />
tkbili; siyvaruls ar Surs; siyvaruli<br />
ar qedmaRlobs, ar zvaobs, ar uke-<br />
Turobs, ar eZebs Tavisas, ar mrisxanebs,<br />
ar ganizraxavs borots; ar Sehxaris<br />
usamarTlobas, aramed WeSmaritebiT<br />
xarobs. yvelafers ifaravs, yvelaferi<br />
swams, yvelafris imedi aqvs, yvelafers<br />
iTmens~ (pirveli korinTelTa mimarT,13,<br />
4-7). Tu movipovebT aseT madls, ganmartavs<br />
uwmidesi, RvTis Svilobis Rirsi<br />
gavxdebiT.<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqis didma<br />
damsaxurebam da qarTuli marTlmadideblobis<br />
gazrda-gafarToebaSi Setanilma<br />
wvlilma ganapiroba konstituciuri<br />
SeTanxmeba saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesias Soris (konkordati), romlis<br />
ZaliTac kanonmdeblobis doneze<br />
mowesrigda saxelmwifosa da eklesias<br />
Soris urTierToba.<br />
ilia II WeSmariti mwyemsia qristianuli<br />
saqarTvelosi. igi Tavis<br />
erze, qveyanaze usazRvrod Seyvarebulia,<br />
masze m<strong>of</strong>iqralia yovelTvis da<br />
misTvis mlocvelia. yoveli locvisas<br />
patriarqi saqarTvelosa da qarTvel<br />
ers avedrebs ufals _ qveynis gadar-<br />
Cenasa da xalxis dRegrZelobas Ses-<br />
Txovs. sulisSemZvrelad STambeWdavia<br />
uwmidesis mier Sesrulebuli locva<br />
sinis mTaze, e.w. `wmida mwvervalze~, anu<br />
moses mTaze. es mTa kldeebSia zRvis<br />
donidan 2300 metris simaRleze. swored<br />
aq gamoecxada ufali ormoci dRis<br />
ganmavlobaSi marxul moses da uboZa<br />
aTi mcneba or fiqalze amotvifruli.<br />
swored am mTaze avida saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi; fexSiSvelma<br />
kldeSi gamokveTili oTxi aTasi maRali<br />
safexuri aiara. ase mieaxla `wmida<br />
mwvervals~. uwmidesma madloba Ses-<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesis da unetaresis ilia II saSobao<br />
epistole, 1998/1999, qristesSoba.
wira ufals... imisTvis, rom qarTvel<br />
xalxs misca ena da rwmena; Seavedra<br />
Cveni eklesia, mTeli qarTveli eri, gansakuTrebiT<br />
axalgazrdoba, bavSvebi,<br />
mSobiare dedebi da a.S. `iseTi madli<br />
da Zali, romelic aq vigrZeni, ar ganmicdia<br />
arsad Cems cxovrebaSi~ _ ganacxada<br />
mogvianebiT uwmidesma da unetaresma.<br />
gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqis `locva wmida<br />
mwvervalze~ epistolarul-mWevrmetyveluri<br />
xelovnebis brwyinvale nimuSia.<br />
ganmacvifrebelia gulmxurvale<br />
RaRadisi:<br />
`... mamao saxiero, gevedrebi saxeliTa<br />
Zisa SenisaTa, nu ganeSorebi ersa<br />
Cvensa SecodebaTa gamo CvenTa; mogvi-<br />
Zien, viTarca mamai moiZiebs Zesa Tvissa<br />
warwymedulsa; Segvindev urwmunoebani,<br />
gulficxobai, ampartavnebai, Suri da<br />
vercxlismoyvareobai; geajebiT, aRxocen<br />
codvani Cvenni da gankurnen sulni<br />
Cvenni vnebulni; mogvmadle sarwmunoebani<br />
WeSmariti, siyvaruli uZleveli,<br />
Zali wylisa da Zlierebai cecxlisa,<br />
aRgvavse madliTa yovladwmidisa<br />
samebisa; sarwmunoebasa da siyvarulsa<br />
Sina Sensa ganamtkice mTavroba Cveni;<br />
gvakurTxe mSvidobiTa ufalo,mogvfine<br />
suli siwmidisai, da Tavmdablobisai<br />
da moTminebisai.<br />
ganamravlen Svilni da SvilTa<br />
Svilni Cvenni, guli wmidai dabade maT<br />
Soris, suli wrfeli ganuaxle gvamsa<br />
maT Sina.<br />
akurTxe gvirgvini qorwinebulTa<br />
da siyvaruliTa ganamtkice kavSiri<br />
maTi; codvani siWabukisa da umecrebisai<br />
Seundev da naTelhyav momavali<br />
maTi...<br />
... gevedrebi ufalo, ganunaTle goneba<br />
mecnierTa, mweralTa da xelovanTa<br />
CvenTa. daloce saqme maTi, raTa iqmnas<br />
naRvawi maTi sakeTilod qveynisa, raTa<br />
SromiTa TvisiTa gemsaxuron Sen,emsaxuron<br />
ersa Sensa iveriisasa.<br />
daloce Cveni mSromeli xalxi,<br />
yoveli maSvrali da tvirTmZime. CvenTa<br />
didTa winaparTa rwmena, siyvaruli da<br />
siwminde mianiWe maT...<br />
... garna ra gTxovo ufalo, maTTvis,<br />
romelni uargy<strong>of</strong>en Sen, romelni<br />
vlenan gzasa cTomilTasa? geajebi,Seiwyale<br />
igini, moaqcie da mrevlsa Sensa<br />
SeuerTe: `raTa iyos erTi samwyso da<br />
erTi mwyemsi!~...<br />
... muxlmodrekili aRvavlen locvebs,<br />
ufalo, mSvidobisaTvis s<strong>of</strong>lisa,<br />
raTa sufevdes qveyanasa zeda mSvidoba<br />
da kacTa Soris saTnoeba. mamao wmida,<br />
geajebi, Seismine locvisa Cemisai da<br />
dagvifaren Cven~ (naTeli qristesi _<br />
saqarTvelo, I, Tb., 2003, gv. 10).<br />
xalxis usazRvro siyvaruli patriarqisadmi<br />
gamoxatulia mis survilSi<br />
_ dRegrZeli iyos ilia meore. xalxis<br />
neba gaiTvaliswina xelisuflebam<br />
da saxelmwifos upirvelesi da umaRlesi<br />
jildoTi _ daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />
ordeniT daajildova sruliad saqar-<br />
Tvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II. es jildo uwmidesma<br />
miiRo mravalwliani Tavdadebuli<br />
moRvaweobisaTvis,RmrTisa da eris<br />
samsaxurisaTvis, im didi wvlilisaTvis,<br />
romelic mas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis damoukideblobis<br />
mopoveba-aRorZinebis saqmeSi miuZRoda;<br />
qarTveli eris sulieri da fizikuri<br />
gadarCenisaTvis, saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
mSeneblobasa da qveynis gamTlianebisaTvis<br />
brZolaSi gaweuli gansakuTrebuli<br />
RvawlisaTvis. niSandoblivia,<br />
rom ilia II jerjerobiT erTaderTi<br />
pirovnebaa, romelsac umaRlesi jildo<br />
mieniWa. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
mimarT madliereba farTodaa fexgadgmuli<br />
xalxSi. erovnuli suliskveTebis<br />
gaZlierebisaTvis, rac esoden mkveTrad<br />
SeimCneva qarTul sazogadoebaSi, patriarqi<br />
dajildoebul iqna wmida mefis,<br />
vaxtang gorgaslis ordeniT. ilia<br />
II erma WeSmarit sulier mamad iwama<br />
da ilia WavWavaZis eriskacuri saqmis<br />
gamgrZeleblad miiCnia:<br />
59
`imedo qarTvlis!<br />
Sens epistoles gulze viwerT,<br />
mun sibrZniT gaTlils!..<br />
waruZex mamuls uflis rwmeniT,<br />
macxovris xatiT,<br />
da sami sityviT,<br />
sami sityviT ilia marTlis!~<br />
(r.amaSukeli).<br />
Tu XIX saukunis II naxevarSi saqarTvelos<br />
hyavda didi ilia, enis, mamulisa<br />
da sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavgamodebuli<br />
mebrZoli; XX saukunis pirvel<br />
ormocwleulSi iyo didi ivane javaxiSvili,<br />
romelmac ers Tavdadebuli<br />
SromiT samSoblos usazRvro siyvarulis<br />
magaliTi uCvena; gasuli saukunis<br />
bolo ormocwleulsa da XXI<br />
saukunis dasawyisSi aris pirovneba<br />
_ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia meore, romelmac didi RirsebiT<br />
gaagrZela ilia WavWavaZisa da ivane<br />
javaxiSvilis gza, Tavisi Zlieri mxrebiT<br />
burjad Seudga did winaparTa saqmeebs;<br />
pirovneba, romelsac ar aSinebs<br />
tvirTis simZime, imedad moevlina ers _<br />
Zalisxmevas ar iSurebs xalxis samsaxurisaTvis,sikeTesa<br />
da siTbos asxivebs<br />
da aTbobs adamianTa gulebs.<br />
saqarTvelo RvTismSoblis wilxvedri<br />
qveyanaa. aq qristianoba mociqulebma<br />
da mociqulTa sworma wmida<br />
ninom gaavrceles. 2000 weli qristes<br />
madli adgas gvirgvinad qarTvel<br />
xalxs. saqarTvelo _ mravalWirgadatanili<br />
qveyana _ amayobs Tavisi gmiruli<br />
warsuliT, gamarjvebiT, gmirebiT.<br />
warsulis pativiscema da siyvaruli<br />
ufro amZafrebs momTxovnelobas dRevandelobisadmi<br />
da fiqrs momavalze,<br />
xvalindel dReze. swored dRes da<br />
xval sWirdeba qveyanas mZlavrad dadgoma<br />
fexze da warmatebuli saqmianoba.<br />
warsulis pativiscemiT, dRevandelobaze<br />
zrunviT da momavlis rwmeniT<br />
xalxs miuZRvis qarTuli eklesia,<br />
romelsac saTaveSi udgas RvTisgan<br />
gamorCeuli, 50 weli berobaSi my<strong>of</strong>i, 30<br />
weli kaTolikos-patriarqad aRsaydrebuli,75<br />
wlis qristesmieri siyvaruliT<br />
savse adamiani... didi mwyemsi qarTveli<br />
erisa _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi.<br />
60
1. Sesavali<br />
adamiani, rogorc sasruli gonieri<br />
arseba, cxovrobs samyaroSi, romelic<br />
usasruloa yoveli mimarTebiT;<br />
am samyaros TiToeul nawilSi, ragind<br />
umniSvneloc unda gveCvenebodes igi,<br />
aisaxeba mTelis kanonzomiereba. amdenad,<br />
yvelaferi yvelaferSia. amis yvelaze<br />
TvalsaCino nimuSia Tavad adamiani.<br />
amitom Zvelma berZenma moazrovneebma<br />
mas mikrokosmosi uwodes. amgvari daSveba<br />
kacobriobis mecnieruli da ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi<br />
azrovnebis mravalsaukunovan<br />
gamocdilebas emyareba. TavisTavad<br />
aq araviTari siZnele ar unda<br />
iyos: adamiani Tavisi sasruli gonebiT<br />
ikvlevs usasrulo samyaros da misi<br />
nebismieri warmatebis SemTxvevaSic, es<br />
kvleva usasrulod grZeldeba, radgan<br />
nebismieri konkretuli problemis<br />
warmatebiT axsna axal problemaTa<br />
rigs warmoSobs, rogorc aucilebels<br />
ukve axsnilis ukeT gasagebad. es problemebi<br />
aqamde ar Candnen kvlevis horizontze.<br />
amitom sokrates Semdeg imeoreben<br />
mis sityvebs, rom codnis zrda<br />
arcodnis zrdacaa,e.i. imis gagebaa,rom<br />
imaze gacilebiT meti ram ar gvcodnia,<br />
vidre aqamde gvegona. siZnelis sruli<br />
gacnobiereba gviCvenebs, rom adamians,<br />
cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT, SeuZlia<br />
Seimecnos da imoqmedos mxolod rogorc<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobis mqonem. mas<br />
raRac unda swamdes anda ar swamdes,<br />
61<br />
guram TevzaZe<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi azrovneba saqarTveloSi da<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
misi uwmidesoba da unetaresoba ilia II<br />
anda skeptikosi iyos da fiqrobdes,<br />
rom adamiani ueWvelobiT verafers<br />
ver daadgens. TiToeul amgvar pozicias<br />
aqvs arsebobis ufleba da amave<br />
dros _ Tavisi gadaulaxavi siZneleebi,<br />
romlebic sapirispiro poziciis aseTsave<br />
uflebaze miuTiTebs. es ki imas<br />
niSnavs, rom usasrulo samyaroSi, usasrulo<br />
siZneleTa winaSe mdgomma adamianma<br />
sakuTari pozicia unda airCios<br />
ise, rom mas sruli mecnieruli anda<br />
praqtikuli garantia Tavisi amorCeulis<br />
sisworisa arasdros eqneba. igi<br />
irCevs sakuTari riskiT da pasuxismgebelic<br />
Tavad aris am arCevanze.<br />
ase irCevda da irCevs adamiani ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobas,rogorc<br />
Tavis ZiriTad<br />
orientirs sazogadoebasa da samyaroSi.<br />
am procesSi codnisa da gamocdilebis<br />
gverdiT udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Tavad<br />
pirovnebas, mis interesebs. amitom<br />
ambobda didi germaneli filos<strong>of</strong>osi<br />
i.g. fixte (1762_1814): `ra filos<strong>of</strong>ias<br />
airCevs adamiani damokidebulia imaze,<br />
Tu ra adamiania igi~.<br />
ramdenadac TiToeuli adamiani Tavad<br />
irCevs ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobas, es ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobani<br />
iseve gansxvavdebian<br />
erTmaneTisagan, rogorc maTi amomrCeveli<br />
adamianebi. magram es araa TviTneburi<br />
arCevani, radgan yvela irCevs<br />
mas, rogorc sayovelTao sazoms, rogorc<br />
TavisTvis, ise sxvebisaTvis.<br />
ragind gaunaTlebeli anda egoisti
iyos adamiani, Tavis arCevans igi imaze<br />
miTiTebiT amarTlebs, rom qveyana asea<br />
mowyobili, anda, rom adamianis buneba<br />
aseTia da sxvebi Tu amas ar aRiareben,<br />
ubralod gulwrfelni ar arian.<br />
am daSvebiT TiToeuli adamiani Tavs<br />
saerTod kacobriobis warmomadgenlad<br />
cnobs [2, 10].<br />
imis mixedviT, Tu adamianis romeli<br />
interesia misi arCevanis ganmsazRvreli,<br />
(warmosaxviTi, dasabuTebiTi Tu rwmeniTi)<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobani SeiZleba sam<br />
tipad daiyos: miTologiuri, filos<strong>of</strong>iuri<br />
da religiuri. nebismieri tipi<br />
Seicavs sxvebs, rogorc daqvemdebarebul<br />
elementebs [3, 397_402].<br />
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi<br />
azrovneba mimdinareobs<br />
yovlismomcveli sekularizaciisa<br />
da globalizaciis pirobebSi. es<br />
axal damatebiT, specifikur siZneleebs<br />
qmnis Cveni qveynisaTvis, romelsac<br />
faqtobrivad ukiduresad aTeisturi<br />
sabWoTa reJimis xangrZlivi batonobis<br />
tvirTi awevs.<br />
qarTulma orTodoqsulma eklesiam<br />
qveynis Tavisuflebis miRebis Semdeg<br />
daiwyo sakuTari konstituciuri da<br />
istoriuli uflebebis aRdgena. amas,<br />
bunebrivad, daemata sxva konfesiebis<br />
aqtivoba. globalizaciis politikis<br />
garduvalobis gacnobiereba qveyanaSi<br />
im siRrmisa ar aRmoCnda, rom sxvadasxva<br />
religiis da nacionalobis saerTosamomavlo<br />
interesebi gamoevlinebina<br />
da ama Tu im eris interesebi qveynis<br />
interesebisaTvis daeqvemdebarebina.<br />
samwuxarod, maT, vinc racionalur da<br />
realur safuZvlebs eZebdnen qveynis<br />
da erovnebaTa TviTmy<strong>of</strong>obis gadasar-<br />
Cenad, daupirispirdnen nacionalizmis<br />
apologetebi. meore mxriv, saerTa-<br />
Soriso valdebulebebi, romelTa Sesruleba<br />
uaRresad aucilebelia Cveni<br />
qveynisaTvis ase saWiro daxmarebis<br />
misaRebad dasavleTis saxelmwifoebidan,<br />
damatebiT siZneleebs uqmnis mTavrobas.<br />
dabolos, unda mieTiTos yvela<br />
62<br />
sxvis momcvel da yvelaze mniSvnelovan<br />
problemaze, romelic qveynisagan<br />
droebiT gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili teritoriebis _<br />
afxazeTis da cxinvalis regionis dabrunebas<br />
exeba.<br />
saqarTveloSi yvela aRniSnuli<br />
problemis gadasawyvetad, maTi mravalnairi<br />
gamovlinebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
iqneba es moraluri Tu politikuri,<br />
materialuri, ekonomikuri Tu iuridiuli,<br />
saxelmwifos konstituciuri<br />
xelmZRvanelobis gverdiT, sxvadasxva<br />
gziTa da saSualebiT daxmarebisa da<br />
samarTlis misaRwevad mimarTaven erT<br />
adamians _ es aris sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, misi uwmidesoba<br />
da unetaresoba ilia meore.<br />
2007 weli uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II aRsaydrebis 30-e welia.<br />
gulwrfelad mjera: saqarTveloSi<br />
yvela gonieri da gulwrfeli adamiani<br />
Tvlis, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi,<br />
romelic gadatvirTuli iyo qveynisaTvis<br />
cnobili tragikuli movlenebiT,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />
naxulobda da naxulobs problemebis<br />
maqsimalurad SesaZlebel optimalur<br />
gadawyvetas. es exeba ara mxolod im<br />
sakiTxebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia<br />
qarTul orTodoqsul eklesiasTan, aramed<br />
saerTod saqarTveloSi religiuri<br />
da moraluri Rirebulebebis arsebobasTan<br />
da maTi Sinaarsis gaSinaganebasTan.<br />
amasTan dakavSirebiT winamdebare<br />
statiaSi or sakiTxs ganvixilav:<br />
1. kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II da<br />
codnisa da rwmenis mimarTebis is gza,<br />
romelic daviT aRmaSenebelma (1073_<br />
1125) daafuZna saqarTveloSi.<br />
2. Semwynareblobis, ara rogorc<br />
mowyalebis, saCuqris anda TanagrZnobis,<br />
aramed, rogorc yvela adamianis<br />
sulis Sinagani erTianobis da Tanasworobis<br />
gamomxatvelis gageba.<br />
misi uwmidesobis, ilia II mraval<br />
Tanamedroves hqonda da aqvs bedniereba<br />
masTan piradi mimarTebisa, rac mniS-
vnelovanwilad gansazRvravs am adamianTa<br />
saqmianobas da keTilismy<strong>of</strong>lad<br />
moqmedebs maTze. saWirod mimaCnia oriode<br />
viTareba gavixseno,romelTac Seu-<br />
ZliaT garkveuli aspeqtiT mianiSnon<br />
mis rolsa da mniSvnelobaze saqarTveloSi<br />
sulier RirebulebaTa Sesaxeb<br />
sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis<br />
procesSi.<br />
30 wlis win, roca saqarTvelos<br />
axali kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis<br />
sakiTxi idga, erTi SexedviT religiisadmi<br />
saerTod, da gansakuTrebiT<br />
qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiisadmi<br />
keTilganwyobili guSindeli<br />
`mebrZoli aTeistebi~ rogorc partiasa<br />
da mTavrobaSi, aseve sazogadoebis<br />
garkveul nawilSi mniSvnelovan<br />
winaaRmdegobas waawydnen. manamde es<br />
sakiTxi, SeiZleba iTqvas, problemas ar<br />
warmoadgenda. qveynis kaTolikos-patriarqs<br />
ubralod niSnavdnen partiis<br />
miTiTebiT. 1977 wlis arCevnebis dros<br />
ki sazogadoebis azris Cveuli ugulebely<strong>of</strong>a<br />
aRar SeiZleboda. upirveles<br />
kandidatad mitropoliti ilia moiazreboda.<br />
axalgazrda, ganaTlebuli,<br />
sanimuSo zneobis da biografiis mqone<br />
sulieri meufisagan didi umravlesoba<br />
mTavrobaSi da partiaSi religiasTan<br />
daaxloebis ara<strong>of</strong>icialurad mimdinare<br />
procesis <strong>of</strong>icialur dakanonebas<br />
xedavda. meufe ilia am dros ukve<br />
10 weli cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi<br />
iyo. misi da mis TanamoazreTa zneobrivi<br />
gavlenis wvlili didi iyo<br />
imaSi, rom dadga dro, roca mravali<br />
raikomis mdivani da partkomi gulis<br />
jibeSi partbileTs da gulze jvars<br />
atarebda. zogierTi `gabeduli~ maT<br />
Soris, mavanisadmi piradi ndobis niSnad,<br />
sakinZesac gaixsnida. arc imis gaxseneba<br />
aviwydeboda, rom misi mama, biZa<br />
Tu babua mRvdeli iyo da amas aqamde<br />
malavda. amasTanave, isini intensiurad<br />
avrcelebdnen im ambavs,rom II ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
omis Semdeg stalinsac neba miucia<br />
kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrate cincaZisaTvis<br />
(1866_1952), sikvdilis Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi misi sulisTvis paraklisi<br />
gadaexada. miuxedavad amisa, partiaSi<br />
da mTavrobaSi cota ar iyvnen iseTebi,<br />
romlebic miiCnevdnen, rom eklesiisaTvis<br />
amgvari daTmoba mxolod droebiTi<br />
taqtikuri svla iyo, risTvisac male<br />
moekiTxebodaT imaT, vinc saTanadod<br />
ver afasebda `mebrZoli materializmis~<br />
Sesaxeb leninis naTel pozicias.<br />
kandidatTa SerCeva umaRles doneze<br />
gasaidumloebuli iyo, magram mainc<br />
cnobili gaxda erT-erTi maRali partiuli<br />
muSakis pozicia: `rac uaresia<br />
– miT ukeTesia~, e.i. rac ufro uaresi<br />
iqneba(mecnierulad da zneobrivad)<br />
momavali patriarqi, miT ukeTesia partiisa<br />
da saxelmwifosaTvis. es xalxi<br />
xedavda, rom Sesaferisi kandidatis<br />
arCevis SemTxvevaSi Seiqmneboda didmniSvnelovani<br />
RirebulebiTi centri,<br />
romelic `RmerTisa da siyvarulis gareSe<br />
daRlili~ (misi uwmidesobis sityvebia)<br />
da dezorientirebuli adamianebis<br />
sayrdenad gadaiqceoda WeSmariti<br />
zneobrivi Rirebulebebis ZiebaSi. Sei-<br />
Zleba iTqvas, rom mitropolit ilias<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad<br />
arCeva saqarTveloSi sazogadoebrivi<br />
azris pirveli didi <strong>of</strong>icialuri<br />
gamarjveba iyo.<br />
am didmniSvnelovani faqtis sasikeTo<br />
Sedegebi male daetyo saqarTveloSi<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobiT azrovnebas<br />
saerTod da, kerZod, _ mecnierebis<br />
da religiis mimarTebas. gaadvilda<br />
Teologiur problemebze obieqturi<br />
sajaro msjelobebi, `saeWvo~ avtorTa<br />
qarTuli Targmanebis gamocema. 1988<br />
wels TbilisSi daarsda sasuliero<br />
akademia, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
am saqmis organizatori da akademiis<br />
mudmivi mzrunvelia. 1998 wels<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiasTan<br />
TanamSromlobis Sedegad uwmidesma<br />
da unetaresma ilia II daamtkica `debuleba<br />
saqarTveloSi saRvTismetyvelo<br />
mecnierebis dargSi umaRlesi kvalifi-<br />
63
64<br />
kaciis kadrebis momzadebis Sesaxeb~.<br />
misi locva-kurTxeviT da monawileobiT<br />
gamodis saRvTismetyvelo Jurnalebi,<br />
krebulebi, imarTeba saerTa-<br />
Soriso konferenciebi da a. S.<br />
es procesi sasikeTod Semexo mec,<br />
rac araerTxel aRminiSnavs rogorc<br />
Cvens, ise ucxoeTis presaSi. saqme exeboda<br />
didi germaneli filos<strong>of</strong>osis, m.<br />
haidegeris mTavari naSromis _ `y<strong>of</strong>iereba<br />
da dro~ _ qarTuli Targmanis<br />
gamocemas. am naSromis Cemi Targmani<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>. T. buaCiZis redaqciiT ramdenime<br />
weli ido sxvadasxva gamomcemlobaSi.<br />
yvela mpirdeboda gamocemas, magram<br />
dayovnebis namdvil mizezs aravin<br />
meubneboda, kerZod imas, rom am wignis<br />
Targmani jer rusulad gamoqveynebuli<br />
ar iyo. es wigni ilia II mxardaWeriT<br />
gamoica. amis Sesaxeb madlobiT<br />
aRvniSne kantis VII saerTaSoriso kongresisaTvis<br />
wardgenil moxsenebaSi<br />
_ `kanti aTeistis moralis SesaZleblobis<br />
Sesaxeb (namdvili Semwynareblobis<br />
dafuZnebisaTvis)~ [4, 712]. sanam<br />
Targmanis mxardaWeras gamoTqvamda,<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma gamonaxa<br />
dro CemTan sasaubrod. saqme is iyo,<br />
rom zogierTi, patriarqis garemocvidan,<br />
haidegeris mravalricxovan mowinaaRmdegeTa<br />
gavleniT,mis filos<strong>of</strong>ias<br />
aTeisturad Tvlida. es zerele Sexeduleba<br />
sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo rogorc<br />
socialisturi banakis qveynebSi,<br />
ise dasavleTSi: k. iaspersi (1883_1969)<br />
da g. marseli (1889_1973) religiuri<br />
egzistencializmis, xolo m. haidegeri<br />
(1889_1976) da J. p. sartri (1905_1980)<br />
aTeisturi egzistencializmis damcvelebad<br />
iTvlebodnen [5, 295]. patriarqs<br />
surda gaego, rogor vafasebdi me,<br />
rogorc mTargmneli da mkvlevari haidegeris<br />
pozicias. haidegeris, rogorc<br />
yoveli didi moazrovnis Sesaxeb mravali<br />
urTierTgamomricxveli Sexeduleba<br />
arsebobda da arsebobs. mraval<br />
maTgans udavod aqvs safuZveli Tavad<br />
haidegeris urTules naazrevSi. me Sevecade<br />
meCvenebina haidegerze gavrcelebuli<br />
zogi Sexedulebis usafuZvloba.<br />
Cans, es mTlad damajereblad<br />
ver movaxerxe, miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
1972 wlis Tavis interviuSi haidegeri<br />
erTmniSvnelovnad acxadebda, rom misi<br />
filos<strong>of</strong>ia aris `RmerTis lodini~ [5,<br />
430]. misma uwmidesobam damisva kiTxva,<br />
romelSic naTlad Canda misi, rogorc<br />
didi erovnuli moRvawis, mTavari orientiri:<br />
sWirdeba Tu ara am wignis qar-<br />
Tuli Targmanis gamoqveyneba qarTul<br />
kulturas? dadebiTi pasuxi misTvis<br />
naTeli iyo da amisaTvis mimiwvia sasaubrod.<br />
wigni 1989 wels, haidegeris<br />
dabadebidan 100 wlisTavze gamoqveynda,<br />
sul 300 egzemplari, romelic ufasod<br />
daurigda dainteresebul pirebs da<br />
uwyebebs. erTi egzemplari meskirxSi,<br />
haidegeris muzeumSi devs. adgilobrivma<br />
gazeTma es aRniSna weriliT: `<br />
haidegeris muzeumis Zvirfasi SenaZeni~<br />
[9, 2].<br />
§1. codnisa da rwmenis mimarTebis<br />
sakiTxi.<br />
es problema yoveli ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi<br />
azrovnebisaTvis ZiriTadia.<br />
cnobilia, rom adamianis istoria mis<br />
mier Tavisufali arCevanis faqtiT<br />
daiwyo, rac Sinaarsobrivad rwmenas-<br />
Tan codnis konfliqts warmoadgenda.<br />
amiT bibliaSi genialurad ganzogadda<br />
istoriis mizanic: codnisa da rwmenis<br />
erTianobis, rogorc maT Soris<br />
harmoniis, aRdgena. ramdenadac RmerTi<br />
Tavad gaiazreba rogorc absoluturi<br />
codnis mqone, misgan sasjeli codnisaken<br />
miswrafebis gamo ki ar iyo, aramed<br />
imitom, rom rogorc giorgi mer-<br />
Cule usvamda xazs, `adam Wama xili igi,<br />
romel arRa mwife iyo~ [6, 130].<br />
adamianisaTvis, rogorc sasrulo<br />
gonieri arsebisaTvis, romelsac Tavisi<br />
ganviTarebis nebismier doneze<br />
samyaroSi sakuTari arsebobis rac<br />
SeiZleba saimedo garantireba surs,
saboloo mizani mudam misi gonebis<br />
SesaZleblobis miRma dgas. masTan<br />
miaxloeba dausrulebeli procesia.<br />
meore mxriv, adamiani imiT gansxvavdeba<br />
cxovelisagan, rom man aucileblad<br />
unda gaakeTos daskvna sakuTari marad<br />
SezRuduli codnidan saboloo mizanze,<br />
e.i.saerTod samyaros raobaze da<br />
sakuTari cxovrebis sazrisze. cxadia,<br />
Tavad amgvari miznis arseboba da mas-<br />
Tan miaxloebis procesi gonebis gareSe<br />
SeuZlebelia.<br />
didma Teologebma da gansakuTrebiT<br />
basili kapadokielma naTlad<br />
uCvenes,rom adamianis Tavisufali<br />
gadawyvetilebis unaris uary<strong>of</strong>a codnisa<br />
da rwmenis mimarTebis problemis<br />
axsna ki ara, ubralod moxsna iqneboda<br />
[10, 148]. dionise areopagelis saxeliT<br />
cnobilma avtorma (V s.) zRvruli sicxadiT<br />
miuCina sakuTari sfero rogorc<br />
codnas, ise rwmenas. isini erTmaneTs ki<br />
ar zRudaven, aramed avseben rogorc<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobisaTvis aucilebeli<br />
unarebi da maTi dapirispireba Tavisebur<br />
antinomias qmnis, sadac mowinaaRmdegis<br />
uarmy<strong>of</strong>eli mxare Zalauneburad<br />
uCvenebs misi arsebobis uflebas<br />
da Rirebulebas [8, 7]. amis safuZveli<br />
naTeli gaxdeba imaze miTiTebiT, rom<br />
nebismieri rwmena SeuZlebelia Cemi<br />
rwmena iyos, Tu me gacnobierebuli ara<br />
maqvs da raRac doneze ar vici, Tu ratom<br />
mwams igi, ratom vayeneb mas sxva<br />
rwmenebze maRla da ratom ar vTvli<br />
saWirod argumentebs mis dasasabuTeblad.<br />
meore mxriv, nebismieri codna,<br />
empiriuli iqneba igi, aprioruli Tu<br />
intuitiuri, Tavisi ueWvelobis pirobad<br />
miuTiTebs imaze, rac codnis gareTaa<br />
da, saboloo angariSiT, emyareba<br />
dausabuTebad daSvebas, romelic raime<br />
saxis rwmenis arCevis saxes iRebs.<br />
rwmena, rogorc grZnobebze dafuZnebuli,<br />
dausabuTebeli da xSirad<br />
dausabuTebadi mindoba raimesadmi,<br />
adamianis bunebrivi mdgomareobaa. adamiani<br />
xom bavSvobidanve miiswrafis<br />
65<br />
mfarvelisa da damcvelisaken? rac Seexeba<br />
aTeizms, igi mxolod zrdasruli<br />
da moazrovne adamianis mdgomareoba<br />
SeiZleba iyos. es maSin xdeba, roca<br />
adamiani bunebisa da sakuTari Tavis<br />
kanonebis garkveul codnas flobs<br />
da naCqarev daskvnas akeTebs, rom mas,<br />
diaxac, SeuZlia arseboba Seucnobadi<br />
mSvelelis da mfarvelis gareSe [4,<br />
712]. axali filos<strong>of</strong>iis ganviTarebis<br />
pirvel etapze am poziciis Sedegi iyo<br />
ganmanaTleblobis epoqa, romelsac<br />
kantma `sakuTari arasrulwlovanebidan<br />
gamosvla~ uwoda. igi mecnierebis<br />
warmatebebiT imedmocemuli ver xedavda<br />
sakuTari gonebis SesaZleblobis<br />
sazRvrebs, ramac krizisSi Seiyvana<br />
dasavleTis filos<strong>of</strong>ia da saWiro<br />
gaxda rwmenisa da codnis sazRvrebis<br />
kidev erTxel (sokratesa da areopagelis<br />
Semdeg) naTeli gamijvna.<br />
dRes yvela aRiarebs, rom aTeisturi<br />
sazogadoebis agebis uzarmazarma<br />
eqsperimentma(sabWoTa kavSirsa da socialisturi<br />
banakis qveynebSi) sruli<br />
kraxi ganicada. misi gameorebis Tavidan<br />
acilebis erTaderTi qmediTi saSualebaa<br />
WeSmariti Semwynarebloba, romelic<br />
Tanamedrove mowinave ms<strong>of</strong>lios<br />
azrovnebis da politikis erT-erTi<br />
qvakuTxedia.<br />
XX s-is erT-erTma udidesma filos<strong>of</strong>osma<br />
da cnobilma fizikosma a.n.<br />
uaithedma (1861_1947) Tavis wignSi _<br />
`ideaTa Tavgadasavali~ specialurad<br />
gamoikvlia rwmenisa da codnis,rogorc<br />
mecnierebis da religiis, konfliqtebi<br />
da uCvena, rom TiToeul SemTxvevaSi<br />
konfliqtis safuZveli iyo sakuTari<br />
kompetenciis sazRvrebis gadalaxva an<br />
sasuliero xelisuflebis, anda mecnierebis<br />
warmomadgenelTa mier. amis<br />
Teoriuli safuZveli iyo Zireulad<br />
mcdari debuleba,rom mecniereba gamoricxavs<br />
religias. es saukuneebis man-<br />
Zilze upirispirdeboda did moazrovneTa<br />
WeSmarit pozicias, romlis Tanaxmadac<br />
mcodne ufro morwmune xdeba
(moSe maimonide, pier abeliari, frensis<br />
bekoni da sxvani) [10, 261,278]. dRes<br />
sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom rwmena<br />
da codna, maTi gansxvavebis miuxedavad,<br />
aucilebelni arian erTmaneTisaTvis,<br />
radgan isini erTmaneTis funqcias ver<br />
Seasruleben. codnis funqciis mimTvisebeli<br />
morwmune, rogorc pier abeliari<br />
ambobda, `brmaa da brmaTa winamZRoli~.<br />
xolo rwmenis mniSvnelobis<br />
uarmy<strong>of</strong>eli codna, Tundac ukiduresi<br />
empiristuli iyos, ver xedavs, rom mis<br />
pozicias saboloo sayrdenad oden rwmeniTi<br />
daSveba aqvs imisa, rom empiria<br />
Cveni Semecnebis erTaderTi safuZveli<br />
da sayrdenia.<br />
am dapirispirebis dros gaugebrobani<br />
xSirad imazea damokidebuli, rom<br />
rwmenisa da codnis cnebebi erTmniSvnelovnad<br />
ar ixmareba. rwmena aris<br />
yoveldRiuri, say<strong>of</strong>acxovrebo, aseve<br />
mecnieruli da hipoTeturi. rwmenis<br />
umaRles formad unda CaiTvalos religiuri<br />
rwmena,romlis specifikis gamosaxatavad<br />
qristianobis apologet<br />
tertulianes (daaxl. 160_230) miaweren<br />
debulebas: `mwams, radgan absurdia~.<br />
absurds igi, maSindeli filos<strong>of</strong>iuri<br />
tradiciis Sesabamisad, uwodebda debulebas,<br />
romelic, formalur-logikuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT, sakuTar TavSi Seicavs<br />
winaaRmdegobas: arsi ararsidan Seiqmna,<br />
sameba erTarsebaa, RvTismSobeli<br />
qalwulia, konkretuli da e.i. sasruli<br />
adamiani – qriste aris RmerTi, e.i.<br />
66<br />
usasrulo da sxva. dasawyisSi mecnierul<br />
codnas, berZnuli filos<strong>of</strong>iis<br />
saxiT, radikalurad daupirispirda<br />
qristianuli religia, romelic logikurze<br />
maRla mdgomi RmerTis ueWvelobas<br />
amtkicebda. magram ara yvela didma<br />
Teologma male dainaxa damasabuTebeli<br />
codnis saWiroeba (mag., klement<br />
aleqsandrieli, 150_215) da Sua saukuneebs<br />
aucilebel amocanad gadasca am<br />
problemis saTanado gaazreba. am dros<br />
rogorc codnis, ise rwmenisaTvis sayuradRebo<br />
Teoriebi Seiqmna(dionise areopageli,<br />
ioane filoponosi, ioane damaskeli,<br />
anselm kenterberieli da sxv.).<br />
maT rigs miekuTvnebian ioane petriwi<br />
da daviT aRmaSenebeli. am ukanasknelTa<br />
poziciis SesaniSnav gamgrZelebels<br />
da ganmaviTarebels vxedavT uwmidesis<br />
qadagebebSi da mis praqtikul moRvaweobaSi.<br />
saqarTveloSi yvela didi saeklesio<br />
moRvawe codnisa da rwmenis<br />
mimarTebis am xazs agrZelebda. ilia<br />
II Tavisi Sinagani sikeTisa da sibrZnis<br />
safuZvelze didi sifrTxiliT<br />
da xelovnebiT anviTarebs pozicias,<br />
romlis ZiriTadi mizania, rom absoluturi<br />
WeSmaritebisaken mimaval or<br />
gzas _ codnasa da rwmenas erTmane-<br />
Tisgan damoukidebeli funqciebi ara<br />
marto ar daekargos, aramed arc Seez-<br />
Rudos. xalxTan (ara marto marTlmadidebel<br />
qristianebTan) gaucxoebis<br />
asacileblad, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II emyareba im cnobil princips,<br />
rom ar arsebobs codva, romlis gamosyidva<br />
ar SeiZlebodes gulwrfeli<br />
monaniebiT. garda amisa, rogorc<br />
`maRalTa Tavmdablobas~ (qalbatoni<br />
ana kalandaZis sityvebia) sCvevia, igi<br />
ucodveli maswavleblis rolSi ki ar<br />
gamodis, romelic sxvebs uCvenebs gzas,<br />
aramed xSirad usvams xazs, rom Tavad<br />
igi yvelaze codvilia, rom yvela adamianma,<br />
ragind amaRlebuli unda iyos<br />
igi,unda icodes,rom masSicaa sikeTisa<br />
da borotebis mudmivi brZola da yvelas<br />
cxovreba sikeTis gamarjvebis gza<br />
unda iyos, rogorc RmerTisaken mudmivi<br />
amaRleba, `mudam sakuTar Tavze maRla~<br />
dadgoma, rogorc grigol noseli<br />
(daaxl. 335_394) mouwodebda. swored am<br />
viTarebas akavSirebda kanti WeSmarit<br />
tolerantobasTan da swored amitom<br />
moiTxovda igi Semwynareblobis urwmunoebze<br />
gavrcelebas. es Tavisufali<br />
da gulwrfeli partnioroba kacobriobis<br />
sakeTildReod Tanamedrove<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobrivi azrovnebis<br />
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebe-
lia. evropuli azrovnebis saukeTeso<br />
tradiciebic amaze miuTiTebs. es mizani<br />
amoZravebda ganaTlebul da znekeTil<br />
romis paps _ benediqte XIV (1675_1758),<br />
roca mimoweras awarmoebda Tavis did<br />
TanamedrovesTan m. fr. volterTan<br />
(1694_1778), romelic mowinaaRmdegeebis<br />
mier udides aTeistad iyo CaTvlili,<br />
sinamdvileSi ki dasavleTis kaTolikuri<br />
eklesiis praqtikas akritikebda.<br />
mas papze aranakleb ainteresebda<br />
WeSmariti rwmenis bedi. igive iyo<br />
mizani benediqte XVI (maSin kardinali<br />
i. ratcingeri) dialogisa XX s-<br />
is udides filos<strong>of</strong>osTan, i. habermas-<br />
Tan, e.w. dasavluri marqsizmis cnobil<br />
warmomadgenelTan. habermasi aRiarebda,<br />
rom igi `religiurad aramusikaluria~.<br />
magram man, mravalTa gasaocrad,<br />
is debuleba daicva, rom religia sekularul<br />
saxelmwifoSi warsulis naS-<br />
Ti ki araa, aramed `filos<strong>of</strong>iisaTvis<br />
cnebiT doneze~ gamowvevas warmoadgens<br />
[10,10]. da amitom i. ratcingerTan<br />
Tavisi saubari 2004 w. mniSvnelovnad<br />
CaTvala. oriveni msgavs Sedegebamde<br />
mividnen: Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi<br />
adamianTa qcevaTa da motivTa gagebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT saWiroa filos<strong>of</strong>iisa<br />
da religiis dialogi.<br />
§ 2. Semwynarebloba rogorc adamianTa<br />
urTierTmimarTebis arsebiTi forma.<br />
am kardinaluri mniSvnelobis mqone<br />
sakiTxis analizisas yovelTvis unda<br />
gvaxsovdes is milionobiT gulwrfeli<br />
morwmune, romelmac SeiZleba werakiTxva<br />
ar icodes, magram rwmenis arss<br />
SesaniSnavad xedavdes da Tavis praqtikul<br />
saxelmZRvanelod miiCnevdes.<br />
kacobriobis istoriaSi yvelaze<br />
didi racionalisti, romelic cdilobda<br />
daesabuTebina, rom saerTod arsebuli<br />
an logikuria, an masze daiyvaneba,<br />
Tavisi Ziebebis dasawyisSi naTlad<br />
gamokveTda erTmaneTisagan rwmenisa<br />
da codnis bunebas. 24 wlis hegeli<br />
67<br />
(1770_1831) werda: `roca me vambob, rom<br />
esa Tu is adamiani religiuria, es ar<br />
niSnavs, rom mas religiis didi codna<br />
aqvs. es imas niSnavs, rom misi guli<br />
grZnobs RvTaebis siZlieres mis saqmeebSi,<br />
igi cnobs da xedavs RmerTs Tavis<br />
bunebaSi,adamianTa bedSi, igi eTayvaneba<br />
mas,madlobelia misi da adidebs<br />
mas Tavisi saqmeebiT. igi afasebs Tavis<br />
moqmedebas ara mxolod imis mixedviT,<br />
kargi da gonivrulia Tu ara igi, aramed<br />
xSirad ufro met mniSvnelobas<br />
imas aniWebs, aris Tu ara es RvTisTvis<br />
saTno da misi mamoZravebeli RmerTisgan<br />
momdinareobs Tu ara~ [2, 14]. `religia<br />
gulis saqmea~ [2, 17].<br />
aseTi adamianebi morwmuneTa birTvs<br />
Seadgenen da maTgan imis moTxovna,<br />
rom mecnieruli Semecnebis safexurebi<br />
gaiaron,sanam rwmenas miaRweven,araa<br />
gamarTlebuli arc zneobrivad da arc<br />
Teoriulad. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom mas-<br />
Tan, petriwisa da daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />
msgavsad, acilebulia berZnuli neoplatonizmis<br />
inteleqtualizmi, sadac<br />
RmerTisaken mecnieruli, SemecnebiTi<br />
gza erTaderTad da Seucvlelad aris<br />
miCneuli. misTvis es gza mxolod erTerTia,romelic<br />
Tavisi SedegebiT ki ar<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba,aramed aZlierebs RvTis<br />
uSualo wyalobis gagebas. `uTqoi sityuais~<br />
(petriwi) winaSe krZalviT Se-<br />
Cerebuli mecnieruli xedvis gareSe<br />
nebismieri religia, SesaZlebelia, magiad<br />
da wyalobis gamoZalvis mcdelobad<br />
gadaiqces, rac zneobasa da religiasTan<br />
kavSirs gamoricxavs.<br />
es problema uSualod ukavSirdeba<br />
adamianTa RvTis winaSe Tanasworobis<br />
princips. igia kantis kategoriuli<br />
imperativis WeSmariti Sinaarsi. namdvili<br />
Semwynareblobac am principis<br />
specifikuri gamoxatulebaa. maTi saboloo<br />
safuZveli is rwmenaa, rom yvela<br />
adamiani, raRacnairad aucilebel<br />
da specifikur Rirebulebas flobs<br />
RmerTisaTvis. amis gacnobierebis gamo
iyo, rom didi germaneli mistikosi,<br />
maister ekharti (1260_1327) arwmunebda<br />
msmenelebs, rom marto adamiani ki ar<br />
eZebs RmerTs, aramed RmerTic eZebs<br />
adamians. es pozicia arsebiTia yvela<br />
namdvili morwmunisaTvis, romelsac<br />
adamianTa Tanasworoba esmis rogorc<br />
rasaze,erovnebaze,religiur gansxvavebaze<br />
maRla mdgomi principi, romlis<br />
Sinaarsi sxva adamianis iuridiulad<br />
Tanasworad cnobaSi, mis SewyalebaSi<br />
an sibralulSi ki ar gamoixateba, aramed<br />
Seni gulisa da gonebisaTvis misi<br />
Seucvlelobis danaxvaSi.<br />
rogorc aRiniSna,ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedveloba<br />
aucileblad gulisxmobs, rogorc<br />
sayrdens da amosavals,raRac princips,<br />
romelic raRacnairad, magram, udavod,<br />
pirovnebis arCevans emyareba. arCevanis<br />
am sayovelTaobidan gamomdinare,<br />
bunebrivia maTi Tanasworuflebianobis<br />
daSveba da am safuZvelze, sazogadoebis<br />
saWiroebis Tanaxmad, maTi urTierTobis<br />
samarTlebrivi mowesrigeba<br />
da zneobrivi Sefaseba. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
Tanamedrove mowinave qveynebSi<br />
bunebrivad wamoiwevs Semwynareblobis<br />
(tolerantobis) principis mniSvneloba.<br />
igi Seucvlelia Tanamedrove samyaroSi,<br />
romelSic pirovnebaTa, erTa,<br />
saxelmwifoTa, rasaTa dapirispireba<br />
_ faqtia. amgvari samyaro sul ufro<br />
grZnobs globalizaciis garduvali<br />
procesis safrTxes da Zalauneburad<br />
imis gamoTvlas iwyebs, Tu romeli<br />
eri, saxelmwifo Tu kultura gadar-<br />
Ceba. yovlismomcveli Semwynareblobis<br />
principi ki im saSualebebze fiqris<br />
aucileblobaze miuTiTebs, romlebic<br />
SesaZleblobas iZlevian dedamiwis<br />
ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT globalizacia,<br />
rogorc faqti, gansxvavebuli<br />
iqnes erTiani da erTaderTi politikuri<br />
saxelmwifos Seqmnis aucileblobisagan,<br />
da momavali ms<strong>of</strong>lio wesrigi<br />
gansxvavebulTa harmoniul mTelad<br />
iqnes warmodgenili [11,12]. amgvari<br />
principi rom, Uupirveles yovlisa, er-<br />
68<br />
Teuli pirovnebis dacvasa da garantias<br />
unda gulisxmobdes, es qristianobam<br />
amcno samyaros. rac Seexeba mis<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobriv gaazrebas, es kantis<br />
damsaxurebaa,romelmac pirovnebis<br />
samoqmedo maqsima cnobili kategoriuli<br />
imperativis saxiT ase Camoayaliba:<br />
moiqeci ise, rom Sens moqmedebaSi<br />
yoveli adamiani yovelTvis iyos<br />
agreTve mizani da arasdros mxolod<br />
saSualeba.<br />
siamayis grZnobiT SeiZleba aRiniSnos,<br />
rom uwmidesis mTeli moRvaweoba<br />
am mizans emsaxureba, rasac Seucvleli<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs saerTod da gansakuTrebiT<br />
Cvens qveyanaSi, sadac mravalerovneba<br />
da mravalgvari aRmsarebloba<br />
saukuneebs iTvlis. igi damajereblad<br />
qadagebs marTlmadideblur<br />
qristianobas, rogorc zogadsakacobrio<br />
moralis matarebel moZRvrebas,<br />
romelic Semwynareblobas da moyvasis<br />
siyvaruls mTels kacobriobaze, yvela<br />
adamianze avrcelebs.<br />
1989 wels, saqarTveloSi qveynis istoriaSi<br />
erT-erT yvelaze daZabul periodSi,<br />
roca garkveuli dajgufebebi<br />
nacionaluri SuRlis gaRvivebasac ar<br />
eridebodnen sakuTari miznebis misaRwevad,<br />
ilia II Tavis saaxalwlo epistoleSi<br />
miuTiTa saxarebidan yvelasTvis<br />
cnobil keTil samaritelze,`romelmac<br />
yovelgvari religiuri valdebulebis<br />
gareSe, daxmareba gauwia avazakis mier<br />
gaZarcul da nagvem adamians~. `es aris<br />
saqcieli,_ gvaswavlis uwmidesi da unetaresi,_<br />
romelic bunebrivi unda iyos<br />
yvelasTvis da miT umetes qristianisaTvis.<br />
Tu Cven ver vamCnevT calkeul<br />
pirovnebas, ver vamCnevT mis tkivilsa<br />
da wuxils, ra fasi aqvs Cvens, Tundac,<br />
sakacobrio humanur ideebs, ubralo<br />
frazebs?~ (12.VI).<br />
dRes, rodesac iuridiulad yvela<br />
religia Tanasworia, maT Soris<br />
mimarTeba SeiZleba mxolod Semwynareblobis,<br />
rogorc moraluri kanonis,<br />
mixedviT wesrigdebodes. uwmidesisa
da unetaresis ilia II qadagebebSi<br />
qristianoba gamodis rogorc zogadsakacobrio<br />
idealis, WeSmariti Semwynareblobis<br />
matarebeli, romelic<br />
erovnebaTa, religiaTa, aRmsareblobaTa<br />
gansxvavebaze maRla dgas im azriT,<br />
rom yvela maTTvis uSinaganes da<br />
umniSvnelovanes aspeqtze miuTiTebs:<br />
`Zvel dros ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi moqmedebda<br />
e.w. oqros kanoni, romlis mixedviTac<br />
sikeTis sanacvlod sikeTe unda migego,<br />
xolo usamarTloba, samarTliani<br />
SurisZiebiT gamoesworebiaT. qristem<br />
es Secvala. marTlmorwmunes ara Tu<br />
mtrisTvis codvis Sendoba, aramed misi<br />
siyvaruli mosTxova~ (12, VII).<br />
literatura<br />
1. narkvevebi filos<strong>of</strong>iis istoriaSi, Tbilisi, 1993.<br />
2. Hegel C. W., Werke in 20 Bänden, Bd. I, Suhrkamp, 1971, S. 14.<br />
3. Politik-Religion- Menschenwürde. Hrsg. B. Jendorf, G. Schmalenberg, Giessen,<br />
1993.<br />
4. Tewzadze Guram, Über die Möglichkeit der Atheistischen Moral. Zur Begründung<br />
der echten Toleranz. _ In: Akten des Siebenten Internationalen Kant-Kongresses,<br />
Mainz,1990; Bonn, 1991.<br />
5. Noack H., Die Philosophie Westeuropas, Darmstadt,1967.<br />
6. Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, s. yubaneiSvilis<br />
red., Tbilisi, 1946.<br />
7. basili kesarielis swavlanis efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani,<br />
Tbilisi, 1983.<br />
8. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli), Sromebi, Tbilisi,<br />
1960.<br />
9. ...”Bibliophile Kostbarkeit für Heidegger Archiv (Eine Georgische Übersetzung<br />
von “Sein und Zeit”... Mit Hilfe des Katholikos <strong>Patriarch</strong>en aller<br />
Georgier Ilia II ist ihm die Übersetzung und Herausgeben von “Sein und<br />
Zeit” gelungen.<br />
Von den 300 Exemplaren limitierten Ausgabe ist nun ein Exemplar in<br />
die Heimat des großen Fragers und Suchers gekommen; darüber herrscht<br />
bei den Freunden von Heideggers Philosophie in Meßkirch große Freude”<br />
(«Schwäbische Zeitung», Sonntag, April 1991, S.2).<br />
10. Jürgen Habermas, Joseph Ratzinger. Dialektik der Säkularisierung. Über Vernunft<br />
und Religion, Freiburg im Breisgau, 2005.<br />
11. lumani n., sazogadoebrivi komunikaciis cvlilebani da<br />
masobrivi media, gamomcemloba `arxe~, Tbilisi, 2008.<br />
12 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1989, Tbilisi.<br />
69
zaza aleqsiZe<br />
rogor iwyeboda sinuri aRmoCenebi<br />
`gevedrebi ufalo, ganunaTle<br />
goneba mecnierTa, mweralTa da xelovanTa<br />
CvenTa. daloce saqme maTi, raTa<br />
iqmnas naRvawi maTi sakeTilod qveynisa,<br />
raTa SromiTa TavisiTa gemsaxuron<br />
Sen, emsaxuron ersa Sensa iveriisasa~<br />
(ilia II, locva sinis mTaze. _ Jurn.<br />
`jvari vazisa~, 1984, # 1, gv. 6).<br />
70<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqma,<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
ilia meorem gansakuTrebuli roli<br />
Seasrula saqarTvelos bolo ormoci<br />
wlis istoriaSi. vgulisxmob<br />
ara mxolod sasuliero cxovrebas,<br />
eklesia-monastrebis, saepiskoposo eparqiebis<br />
ganaxleba-aRdgenas, aramed<br />
mis keTilismy<strong>of</strong>el gavlenas saero<br />
cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoze, pirvel<br />
rigSi humanitarul da, gansakuTrebiT,<br />
qarTvelologiur mecnierebebze. rom<br />
ara misi uwmidesoba, vin icis, ramdeni<br />
wliT gadaiwevda sinis mTaze, wm. ekaterines<br />
monasterSi axlad aRmoCenili<br />
141 qarTuli xelnaweris jer arsebobis<br />
dafiqsireba, xolo Semdeg maTi<br />
Seswavla da samenovani (qarTul-ber-<br />
Znul-inglisuri) katalogisa da mravali<br />
gamokvlevis gamocema. Cemi azriT,<br />
qarTulma mecnierebam da kulturam<br />
ar icis amaze ufro didi aRmoCena da<br />
saqarTvelos patriarqis roli masSi<br />
udidesia.<br />
1734 wels wmida ekaterines monasterSi<br />
sina-raiTis arqiepiskoposma nikifore<br />
marTalisma biblioTekisaTvis<br />
specialuri Senoba aago, xelnawerebi<br />
iq gadaitana da wesrigSi moiyvana. is,<br />
rac maSin praqtikuli gamoyenebisaTvis<br />
zedmetad iqna miCneuli, rogorc Cans,<br />
datoves aRniSnul saTavsSi. 1761 wels<br />
piligrimi donati aRniSnavda, rom man<br />
nikifore marTalisis biblioTekaSi,<br />
kargad movlili xelnawerebis garda,<br />
naxa uyuradRebod mitovebulebic. am<br />
xelnawerTa arseboba etyoba TandaTan<br />
daviwyebas mieca.<br />
amJamad sinuri xelnawerebi inaxeba<br />
1990 wels wm. ekaterines monastris<br />
biblioTekisaTvis specialurad agebul<br />
SenobaSi. es biblioTeka erTerTi<br />
umdidresia mTels ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />
Tavisi mraval enaze arsebuli xelnawerebiT.<br />
sinis mTis saganZurs (xelnawerebs,<br />
xatebs da sxv.) miniWebuli<br />
aqvs ms<strong>of</strong>lio saganZuris statusi.<br />
1975 wlis 26 maiss sinis mTaze,<br />
wmida ekaterines monasterSi iustiniane<br />
keisris (527_565) kedlis CrdiloeT<br />
nawilSi moTavsebul wmida giorgis<br />
saxelobis samlocvelos xanZari<br />
gauCnda. sxvaTa Soris, es samlocvelo<br />
sinis mTaze unaxavs XVI saukunis moRvawes,<br />
rodosel mitropolits paisis,<br />
romelic aRniSnavs, rom igi aRdgenili<br />
y<strong>of</strong>ila `iberTa mefis~ saxsrebiT.<br />
rodesac berebma xanZari Caaqres da<br />
dazianebuli farTobi gawmindes, samlocvelos<br />
iatakis qveS, miwiT savse
71<br />
saTavsSi didi raodenobiT uZvelesi<br />
xelnawerebi aRmoaCines.<br />
sinis mTaze xelnawerTa aRmoCenas<br />
ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi ar axmaurebdnen.<br />
marTalia, presaSi ukve gaCnda<br />
cnobebi amis Sesaxeb, magram jerjerobiT<br />
isini mxolod paparaci Jurnalistebis<br />
mopovebuli iyo da Tavisi<br />
TvaliT arc erT mecniers ar enaxa.<br />
pirveli <strong>of</strong>icialuri cnoba axali<br />
xelnawerebis Sesaxeb daibeWda 1980<br />
wlis seqtemberSi maSindeli dasavleT<br />
germaniis q. goslarSi Catarebuli<br />
siriis problemebisadmi miZRvnili<br />
simpoziumis mimoxilvis saxiT. am<br />
simpoziumze axlad aRmoCenili siriuli<br />
xelnawerebis Sesaxeb moxseneba<br />
waikiTxa am dargis specialistma deda<br />
filoTeam. man Tavisi moxsenebis SesavalSi<br />
aRniSna, rom wm. ekaterines<br />
monasterSi axal xelnawerTa Soris<br />
56 somxuri xelnaweri aRmoCnda da,<br />
SesaZloa, maT Soris oTxi mrgvlovani<br />
asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli qarTuli<br />
xelnaweric iyoso.<br />
rodesac deda filoTeas mier gakeTebuli<br />
gancxadeba waikiTxa cnobilma<br />
germanelma qarTvelologma, pr<strong>of</strong>esorma<br />
iulius asfalgma, eWvi gamoTqva,<br />
somxurad miCneul xelnawerTa nawili<br />
mainc SesaZloa nusxurad dawerili qarTuli<br />
xelnawerebi iyoso. aseTi eWvi<br />
bunebrivi iyo, radgan wm. ekaterines<br />
monasteri dasabamidan marTlmadidebluri<br />
monasteria da iq didi raodenobiT<br />
somxuri xelnawerebis aRmoCena<br />
mosalodneli ar aris. i. asfalgma sinis<br />
mTaze somxuri xelnawerebis aRmoCenisa<br />
da Tavisi eWvebis Sesaxeb maSinve<br />
a. SaniZes Seatyobina. ra Tqma unda,<br />
a. SaniZem da maleve m. SaniZemac (1981)<br />
daadastures qarTuli xelnawerebis<br />
somxurSi aRrevis SesaZlebloba.<br />
eWvebi isev eWvebad darCeboda, rom<br />
ara 1984 wlis 24_28 maiss sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II <strong>of</strong>icialuri<br />
viziti egvipteSi. 26 maiss sinis<br />
mTaze wm. ekaterines monastris biblioTekis<br />
daTvalierebisas, mas mieca<br />
saSualeba enaxa e. w. `somxuri~ xelnawerebi,<br />
romlebic sinamdvileSi qar-<br />
Tuli aRmoCnda. movusminoT sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs:<br />
`is, rom aq raRac xelnawerebi<br />
aRmoCnda, Cven adrec vicodiT,<br />
magram ar vicodiT, iyo Tu ara<br />
maTSi qarTuli. gviCvenes ber-<br />
Znuli xelnawerebi, Cven vkiTxeT,<br />
qarTuli Tu aris-Tqo. biblioTekis<br />
ufrosma moZRvarma<br />
gviTxra: qarTuli samwuxarod<br />
ar aris, magram aris somxurio.<br />
Zalian guli damwyda, kidev ra<br />
aris-meTqi. kidev ariso kopturi,<br />
eTiopuri da sxva. maCveneT, somxuri<br />
mainc vnaxoT-meTqi. rva yuTi<br />
iyo es `somxuri~ xelnawerebi.<br />
gadmoiRes, vnaxeT da, Turme, qar-<br />
Tulia. SecdomiT miukuTvnebiaT<br />
somxurisaTvis. tyavze Sesrulebuli<br />
asomTavruli,nusxa-xucuri<br />
xelnawerebi...<br />
vkiTxe: vin muSaobda aq da vin<br />
miakuTvna es xelnawerebi somxurs,<br />
vin giTxraT, rom es xelnawerebi<br />
somxuria. aq mecnierebi<br />
iyvnen, magram Cven imaT gvarebs<br />
ar vambobTo. Semdeg velaparake<br />
sinis mTis mTavarepiskoposs, ganvucxade,<br />
rom ar SeiZleba ase<br />
mopyroba xelnawerebisadmi, rom<br />
amas aucileblad sWirdeba specialisti,<br />
mecnieri, romelic<br />
waikiTxavs maT da Seadgens katalogs.<br />
isic dameTanxma. Tu mecniers<br />
gamogzavniT, Sevecdebi<br />
dagexmaroTo.~ (uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II qadageba sionis<br />
sapatriarqo taZarSi. _ `jvari<br />
vazisa~, 1984, # 1, gv. 21_22).<br />
saintereso damTxvevaa qarTveli<br />
mkiTxvelisaTvis: 1975 wlis 26 maiss<br />
aRmoCnda xelnawerTa axali koleqcia,<br />
xolo 1984 wlis aseve 26 maiss saqarTvelos<br />
patriarqma daadastura amave<br />
koleqciaSi didi raodenobiT qarTuli<br />
xelnawerebis arseboba. magram ilia II
ar dakmay<strong>of</strong>ilda mxolod kerZo saubarSi<br />
gakeTebuli SeniSvniT. meore<br />
dRes, erToblivi wirvis damTavrebis<br />
Semdeg patriarqsa da arqiepiskoposs<br />
Soris <strong>of</strong>icialuri sityvebis gacvlisas<br />
man xazi gausva:<br />
`Cven Camosvlas vaniWebT did<br />
mniSvnelobas, radganac misi sa-<br />
SualebiT unda ganaxldes is kavSiri,<br />
romelic Cven Soris saukuneebis<br />
manZilze arsebobda.<br />
gamovTqvamT imeds, rom es kav-<br />
Siri iqneba Rrma da ormxrivi~<br />
(kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II<br />
sityva, warmoTqmuli sinis mTis<br />
wmida ekaterines monasterSi. _<br />
`jvari vazisa~, 1984, # 1, gv. 14).<br />
dabrunda Tu ara TbilisSi, kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />
Segvkriba yvela is<br />
mecnieri, romelTaTvisac axlos iyo<br />
sinis monastris qarTul siZveleTa<br />
problemebi, dawvrilebiT gviambo imis<br />
Sesaxeb, rac naxa wm. ekaterines monasterSi,<br />
sina-raiTis arqiepiskoposTan<br />
molaparakebis Sesaxeb da SemogvTavaza<br />
am sakiTxze aqtiuri muSaobis dawyeba.<br />
…magram Tavdapirvelad aqtiuri muSaoba<br />
TviTon saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqma<br />
gaagrZela.<br />
1987 wlis 3_6 ivniss saqarTvelos<br />
sapasuxo vizitiT ewvia misi maRalyovladusamRvdeloesoeba,<br />
soeba, sina-raiTisa da<br />
faranis mTavarepiskoposi damiane. patriarqma<br />
savizito programaSi CarTo<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa<br />
instituti. am vizitis amsaxveli sainformacio<br />
cnoba iuwyeboda:<br />
`stumrebs saSualeba miecaT<br />
gascnobodnen saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis k. kekeliZis<br />
saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis<br />
xelnawerTa fonds da am<br />
institutis muSaobis struqturas.<br />
gaaocaT institutis TanamSromlebis<br />
damokidebulebam<br />
xelnawerebisadmi, maTma maRalma<br />
kvalifikaciam da saqmisadmi<br />
72<br />
erTgulebam. institutis direqtorma,<br />
akademikosma elene metrevelma<br />
dro ar dazoga da maT<br />
zedmiwevniT zustad uambo yoveli<br />
xelnaweris Tavgadasavali.<br />
gansakuTrebulad gaamaxvila<br />
yuradReba sinuri warmomavlobis<br />
xelnawerebze, rac, marTlac,<br />
stumarTa did interess iwvevda.<br />
isini gulwrfelad madlobelni<br />
darCnen q-n elene metrevelisa.<br />
es informacia metad mniSvnelovani<br />
iyo maTTvis, radgan,<br />
rogorc aRniSnes, ukve Seudgnen<br />
wm. sinis mTisa da monastrebis<br />
dawvrilebiTi istoriis weras~.<br />
axlad aRmoCenil sinur xelnawerebze<br />
iyo saubari Sexvedrebzec Tbilisis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetSi. rodesac<br />
TanamSromlobisaTvis niadagi<br />
srulad momzadda, rodesac stumrebma<br />
dainaxes, rom xelnawerTa institutTan<br />
TanamSromloba TviTon sinis mTisa-<br />
Tvisac uaRresad sasargeblo iqneboda,<br />
daido TanamSromlobis xelSekruleba.<br />
`gadawyda,rom Seiqmnas sinuri<br />
problemebis sapatriarqosTan<br />
arsebuli samecniero kvlevis<br />
centri. gamoiyos axlad aRmo-<br />
Cenili qarTuli xelnawerebis<br />
Semswavleli jgufi, romelSic<br />
specialistebTan erTad berZeni<br />
paleografebic _ wmida ekaterines<br />
monastris berebi _ iqnebian<br />
gaerTianebulni. gaigzavnos sinis<br />
mTaze mecnierTa da samRvdelo<br />
pirTa jgufi da adgilzeve Sesruldes<br />
pirveladi samuSaoebi,<br />
Sedges pirveli mokle aRweriloba<br />
da sxva.<br />
sinis mTavarepiskoposma ivaldebula,<br />
rom sinuri problemebis<br />
kvlevis centri aRWurvos sinis<br />
mTaze arsebuli yvela qarTuli<br />
xelnaweris mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmiT da im<br />
gamocemebiT, romlebic monastris<br />
biblioTekaSi arsebobs...<br />
sabolood, sinuri problemebis<br />
kvlevis centris mier momzadebuli<br />
axlad aRmoCenil
qarTul xelnawerTa katalogi<br />
gamoicema or enaze _ qarTulad<br />
da berZnulad, mokle inglisuri<br />
reziumeTi, uxvi fotomasaliT~<br />
(stumrebi sinis mTidan. _ `jvari<br />
vazisa~, Tb., 1987, gv. 18_19).<br />
dRes am xelSekrulebidan TiTqmis<br />
yvela muxli Sesrulebulia: moewyo<br />
Svidi samecniero eqspedicia sinis<br />
mTaze axlad aRmoCenili qarTuli<br />
xelnawerebis Sesaswavlad, Seiqmna<br />
sinis qarTul siZveleTa kvlevis centri,<br />
gamoica axlad aRmoCenili qarTuli<br />
xelnawerebis aRweriloba berZnulad,<br />
qarTulad da inglisurad. Sesasrulebeli<br />
darCa mTavari: sinis mTaze<br />
arsebuli yvela qarTuli xelnaweris<br />
mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmis gadmocema. jerjerobiT<br />
es muxli mxolod nawilobriv aris<br />
Sesrulebuli. xelnawerTa instituts<br />
(amJamad xelnawerTa erovnul centrs)<br />
gadmocemuli aqvs mxolod ramdenime<br />
mniSvnelovani xelnaweris mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmi.<br />
dRes ukve, ra Tqma unda, laparaki aRar<br />
aris mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmebze. monasteri aRWurvilia<br />
mZlavri distanciuri skanirebis<br />
aparaturiT da Cveni mizania, cxadia, kvlav<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
TanadgomiT,mivaRwioT kompaqt-diskebze<br />
Cawerili xelnawerebis miRebas.<br />
wm. ekaterines monastris axali<br />
koleqcia sul 1100 xelnawers iTvlis.<br />
xelnawerTa umravlesoba berZnulia,<br />
danarCeni _ arabuli,siriuli,eTiopuri,<br />
slavuri da qarTuli, erTi laTinuri<br />
da erTi ebrauli. amaT garda aqve aRmoCnda<br />
120 gragnili da mravali fragmenti.<br />
qronologiurad axali koleqcia<br />
Tavsdeba IV_XVIII saukuneebSi.<br />
xelnawerTa institutma sinis<br />
mTaze eqspediciis mosawyobad zrunva<br />
xelSekrulebis dadebisTanave daiwyo,<br />
magram maSin, CemTvis ucnobi mizezebis<br />
gamo, es ver ganxorcielda. 1988 wlis<br />
bolos, Cemi xelnawerTa institutis<br />
direqtoris Tanamdebobaze misvlis<br />
pirvelive dRidan saqarTvelos patriarqTan<br />
uSualo kontaqtSi daviwye aqtiuri<br />
muSaoba wm. ekaterines monasterSi<br />
eqspediciis mosawyobad. 1989_90 wlebi<br />
ar iyo advili wlebi saqarTvelosTvis<br />
saerTod, da miT ufro saerTaSoriso<br />
eqspediciis gansaxorcieleblad<br />
da, SesaZloa, araferi gamosuliyo, rom<br />
ara sami faqtori: sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis sruli<br />
Tanadgoma, egvipteSi sabWoTa kavSiris<br />
saelCos gasaocari aqtivoba da saqarTvelos<br />
mTavrobis mier eqspediciis<br />
dauyovnebeli dafinanseba.<br />
axal koleqciaSi 141 dasaxelebis<br />
qarTuli xelnaweri gamovlinda. aqedan<br />
umravlesoba xelnaweri wignia,<br />
xolo 10 gragnili. zogi maTgani srulia,<br />
zogi Zlier nakluli. furcel-<br />
Ta saerTo raodenoba 4000-ze metia.<br />
amaT garda, aqve inaxeba didi raodenobis<br />
fragmenti (1600) erTi furclis<br />
Tu furcelTa naxevebis saxiT. fragmentebis<br />
fotopirebi xelnawerTa institutSi<br />
inaxeba da maTi Seswavla<br />
xelnawerTa erovnuli centris morigi<br />
amocanaa.<br />
axali koleqciis xelnawerebidan<br />
ramdenime aRmoCnda Zveli koleqciis<br />
xelnawerTa nawili, umravlesoba ki<br />
sruliad axalia. Zvelis nawilTagan<br />
mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba<br />
dasaxeldes yvelaze adrindeli<br />
TariRiani qarTuli xelnaweri, cnobili<br />
864 wlis sinuri mravalTavi.<br />
axlad aRmoCenil xelnawerTa didi umravlesoba<br />
warmodgenilia pergamentze,<br />
SedarebiT naklebia qaRaldze Sesrulebuli.<br />
yvela teqsti dawerilia<br />
asomTavruliTa da nusxa-xucuriT. mxedruli<br />
dawerilobiT Sesrulebulia<br />
mxolod SedarebiT gviani xanis (XII_<br />
XV) zogierTi minaweri.<br />
sinur koleqciaSi dRes ukve xelTa<br />
gvaqvs saerTo jamSi 230-ze meti xelnaweri<br />
da mravali fragmenti, amitom<br />
gacilebiT meti viciT sinis qarTuli<br />
samonastro koloniisa da misi Semoqmedebis<br />
Sesaxeb, vidre aqamde vicodiT.<br />
sinis xelnawerTa (Zveli da axali)<br />
73
didi umravlesoba X saukunisaa. rodesac<br />
vadarebT aqve dacul da aq Seqmnil<br />
xelnawerebs (Zvelsa da axals)<br />
sxva enebze (berZnuli, arabuli, siriuli<br />
da sxv.), vxedavT, rom X saukunis<br />
meore naxevari sinis mTaze upiratesad<br />
qarTulia da mxolod XI saukunidan<br />
iwyeba berZenTa da arabTa didi aqtivoba.<br />
amasve mowmobs axali koleqciis<br />
xelnawerTa minawerebi, romlebic<br />
axal da saintereso cnobebs iZlevian<br />
qarTvelTa samSeneblo saqmianobis<br />
Sesaxeb sinis mTaze. es aris erTi<br />
umniSvnelovanesi daskvna, gakeTebuli<br />
axali aRmoCenebis safuZvelze.<br />
sinis qarTulma masalam, gansakuTrebiT<br />
axalma, Semoinaxa saeklesio<br />
RvTismsaxurebis is etapi, romelsac<br />
ierusalimurs uwodeben. es aris X<br />
saukunemde (CaTvliT) liturgikuli<br />
wignebi (iadgarebi, leqcionarebi,<br />
Jamiswirvebi,kalendrebi),romelTa ber-<br />
Znuli dednebic dakargulia imis gamo,<br />
rom meaTe saukunidan xmarebaSi Semovida<br />
liturgikis axali wesi, romelsac<br />
konstantinopolurs an bizantiurs<br />
uwodeben. sul ukanasknel xanebamde am<br />
safexuris aRdgenas cdilobdnen somxuri<br />
mwerlobis safuZvelze, romelic<br />
adre dascilda marTlmadideblurs<br />
da amitom mas marTlmadidebluri<br />
eklesiis reformebi aRar unda Sexeboda.<br />
sinurma xelnawerebma, jer kidev<br />
Zvelma,da mas emateba axalic,Secvales<br />
aqcentebi da saerTaSoriso yuradReba<br />
somxurTan erTad qarTulze gadmoitanes,<br />
rogorc uZvelesi safexuris<br />
maCvenebelze.<br />
axalma koleqciam aCvena sinis mTis<br />
qarTuli Zmobis mWidro kontaqti sxva<br />
qarTul kulturul kerebTan. gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovania misi SesaZlo<br />
pirdapiri kavSiri aTonis mTasTan da<br />
aTonel moRvaweebTan, rac daadastura<br />
aTonze Seqmnili Zeglebis aRmoCenam<br />
maTi Seqmnidan mokle xnis manZlze.<br />
axal koleqciaSi liturgikuli<br />
krebulebis gverdiT gvxvdeba oTx-<br />
74<br />
Tavebi, fsalmunebi, mamaTa swavlani,<br />
hagiografiuli krebulebi, sakiTxavebi<br />
Zveli aRTqmis wignebidan. amaTgan<br />
calke SeiZleba gamoiyos X saukunis<br />
(974 w.) erTi xelnaweri (N/Sin-67)<br />
_ `wmidaTa mamaTa sinelTa swavlani<br />
da sakÂrvelebani~. krebuli originaluria,<br />
Tumca calkeul TxrobaTa daZebna<br />
SesaZlebelia qarTul an sxva ber-<br />
Znulenovan paterikebSic. qarTvelolog<br />
specialistTa yuradRebas teqsti<br />
imiTac ipyrobs, rom masSi pirvelive<br />
mTxroblad dasaxelebulia sxva wyaroebiT<br />
CvenTvis ucnobi `wmida mama<br />
samuel qarTveli~.<br />
axal koleqciaSi gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda X saukunis ori<br />
xelnaweri. erTi maTgani (N/Sin-48) warmoadgens<br />
sakmaod vrcel nawils pirveli<br />
qarTuli istoriuli Txzulebisa,<br />
romelic `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s saxeliT<br />
aris cnobili. aRniSnuli Txzuleba<br />
ori nawilisagan Sedgeba:<br />
e.w. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s matiane,<br />
romelSic gadmocemulia saqarTvelos<br />
istoria dasabamidan VII saukunemde<br />
(TandarTuli qarTlis erismTavarTa<br />
da kaTalikosTa siiT X saukunis damdegamde),<br />
da qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis,<br />
wmida ninos cxovreba.<br />
N/Sin-48-m Cvenamde naklulad moaRwia.<br />
gadarCenilia mxolod `matianis~<br />
nawili, romelic Seicavs Txrobas qarTlis<br />
gaqristianebidan VI saukunis<br />
miwurulamde. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~<br />
dRemde Cvenamde moRweuli iyo ori redaqciiT:<br />
Satberduli (Xs.) da Weli-<br />
Suri (XIV_XV ss.). axali redaqcia<br />
erTsa da imave dros orivesTan poulobs<br />
saerTosac da gansxvavebulsac.<br />
cxadia, igi momdinareobs saerTo winaprisagan<br />
da qronologiurad misi dedani<br />
mniSvnelovnad uswrebs win rogorc<br />
Satberduls, ise WeliSurs. es<br />
daskvna gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania<br />
`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s warmoSobis<br />
urTulesi problemis gasarkvevad.<br />
kidev ufro mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda
meore xelnaweri (N/Sin-50),romelic krebuls<br />
warmoadgens. xelnaweri X saukunis<br />
pirveli naxevriT TariRdeba. krebulSi<br />
moTavsebulia zemoT ukve naxsenebi<br />
`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ (rogorc<br />
`matiane~, ise `wmida ninos cxovreba~)<br />
da asurel mamaTa cxovrebis wignebi.<br />
krebuli Tavsa da boloSi naklulia.<br />
saocaria, magram faqtia, rom N/Sin-50-Si<br />
`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s teqsti iwyeba<br />
TiTqmis iq, sadac wydeba N/Sin-48, Tumca<br />
eseni sruliad sxvadasxva xelnaweria.<br />
ufro metic, meore eqspediciis<br />
dros aRmoCnda N/Sin-50-is SemorCenili<br />
nawilis dasawyisidan kidev ori furceli,<br />
romelTac Sexvedra naxes N/Sin-<br />
48-is dasasrulTan. aRmoCnda, rom es<br />
ori xelnaweric sxvadasxva redaqcias<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s mimarT N/<br />
Sin-50-is Sesaxeb unda gavimeoroT is,<br />
rac vTqviT N/Sin-48-is Taobaze: igi<br />
gansxvavdeba rogorc Satberduli, ise<br />
WeliSuri redaqciebisagan da amasTanave<br />
msgavsebas poulobs orivesTan.<br />
sinuri xelnaweri TavisTavadac Satberdul<br />
xelnawerze ufro adrindelia,<br />
redaqciuladac igi, cxadia, mniSvnelovnad<br />
uswrebs orives da saeWvo<br />
SemTxvevebSic iZleva maTze gacilebiT<br />
ukeTes wakiTxvebs.<br />
sinuri aRmoCenebis Semdeg Tavisuflad<br />
SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom X s-Si<br />
ukve arsebobda `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~s<br />
oTxi erTmaneTisagan mniSvnelovnad<br />
gansxvavebuli redaqcia. cxadia, amdeni<br />
gansxvavebuli redaqciis Camoyalibeba<br />
did dros moiTxovs, rac gamoricxavs<br />
Zeglis Seqmnas IX saukuneSi.<br />
aranakleb sainteresoa qarTvelologiisa<br />
da, saerTod, aRmosavluri<br />
qristianobis istoriisaTvis<br />
imave N/Sin-50-Si daculi asurel mama-<br />
Ta cxovrebis wignebi. es aris im 13<br />
sirieli saeklesio moRvawis istoria,<br />
romlebic VI saukuneSi movidnen saqarTveloSi,<br />
safuZveli daudes CvenSi<br />
samonastro cxovrebas da, SesaZloa,<br />
gansazRvres saqarTvelos religiuri<br />
saxe mravali saukunis manZilze. axlad<br />
aRmoCenili teqsti sruliad ueWvelia,<br />
rom gacilebiT ufro Zvelia, vidre<br />
dRemde Cvenamde moRweuli mravali sxvadasxva<br />
saxis redaqcia da igi maTgan<br />
gansxvavdeba ara marto redaqciulad,<br />
aramed Sinaarsobrivadac. N/Sin-50 sruliad<br />
axleburad ayenebs asurel mama-<br />
Ta cxovrebis teqstebis istorias.<br />
asurel mamaTa cxovrebis wignebSi<br />
CarTulia sruliad unikaluri cnobebi<br />
saqarTvelos istoriis dRemde<br />
yvelaze cudad Seswavlili da cnobebiT<br />
mwiri periodis, e.w. erismTavrobis<br />
xanis (VI_VIII ss.) Sesaxeb (epitafiebi<br />
genealogiuri da qronologiuri<br />
miTiTebebiT). pirvel yovlisa<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom maT Soris gvxvdeba<br />
qarTvelTa samefo sagvareulos _<br />
bagrationTa _ dasaxeleba didi xniT<br />
adre, vidre dRemde iyo dadasturebuli<br />
wyaroebSi; pirveli da erTaderTi<br />
moxsenieba rusTavelTa (`ruvisTavel-<br />
Ta~) sagvareulosi da maTi lokalizeba<br />
istoriuli kaxeTis teritoriaze;<br />
samonastro (mcxeTis jvari, zedazeni,<br />
daviT-gareja) biblioTekebisa da saganZurebis<br />
aRwerilobebi.<br />
specialuri yuradRebis Rirsia is<br />
anderZ-minawerebi, romlebic mravlad<br />
aris daculi axali koleqciis xelnawerebze.<br />
pirvel yovlisa maTi saSualebiT<br />
didad izrdeba Cveni codna sinis<br />
mTaze moRvawe qarTveli berebis<br />
Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT X saukuneSi,<br />
vinaidan minawerTa didi umravlesoba<br />
daTariRebulia.<br />
magaliTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT<br />
erTi minaweri axali qarTuli koleqciis<br />
#2 xelnawerze. am xelnaweris<br />
anderZSi mocemulia sinis mTisaTvis<br />
kvirike miZnaZorelis mier Sewiruli<br />
qarTuli wignebis sia,TiToeuli dasaxelebuli<br />
wignis raodenobis miTiTebiT<br />
(sul 45). amgvari sia, rogorc zemoT<br />
aRvniSneT, 1902 wels sinis mTaze aRmoaCina<br />
n. marma da es ori sia yvelaze<br />
75
76<br />
adrindelia maT Soris,sinis mTaze bibliografiul<br />
saqmianobas rom uCvenebs.<br />
amave minawerSi yuradRebas ipyrobs anderZ-minaweris<br />
avtoris mier aRwerili<br />
Tavisi samSeneblo moRvaweoba wmida<br />
ekaterines saxelobis monastris teritoriaze.<br />
specialistTa did yuradRebas<br />
gamoiwvevs axlad aRmoCenil xelnawerebs<br />
Soris palimfsestebi. maTi<br />
raodenoba mniSvnelovania. qveda teqsti<br />
aris qarTuli, berZnuli, eTiopuri,<br />
siriuli da somxuri.<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ori<br />
xelnaweris (N/Sin-13, 55) qveda teqstSi<br />
kavkasiis albaneTis dakarguli mwerlobis<br />
ZeglTa gamovlena.<br />
X saukuneSi Zveli xelnawerebis<br />
gamoyeneba axlis Sesaqmnelad sinis<br />
mTaze gamowveulia pergamentis deficitiT,<br />
rac xelnawerTa minawerebiTac<br />
dasturdeba. amasve miuTiTebs Zveli<br />
xelnawerebis CamonaWrebisagan Sekerili<br />
axali wignebis dadastureba axal<br />
koleqciaSi.<br />
1994 wlis noember-dekemberSi xelnawerTa<br />
institutis meore eqspediciis<br />
ukanasknel dRes restavratorebma<br />
gaxsnes N/Sin-55, romelic xanZris Sedegad<br />
mTlianad erT gaqvavebul masad<br />
iyo gadaqceuli. xelnaweri aRmoCnda<br />
palimfsesti, romlis orive teqsti<br />
(zeda da qveda) imave xeliT iyo naweri,<br />
rogoriTac N/Sin-13. am ori xelnaweris<br />
qveda teqsti aRmoCnda kavkasiis albaneTis<br />
mwerlobis Zegli.<br />
albaneTi iyo kavkasiis teritoriaze<br />
mesame civilizebuli saxelmwifo<br />
antikur xanasa da adrind. Sua<br />
saukuneebSi daaxloebiT Tanamedrove<br />
azerbaijanis teritoriaze. X s-idan<br />
mokidebuli, mezobeli qveynebis, momTabare<br />
tomebisa da arabTa saxalifos<br />
Zlieri gavlenis Sedegad igi sruliad<br />
gaqra istoriis asparezidan.<br />
1830-iani wlebidan daiwyo intensiuri<br />
saerTaSoriso samecniero Zieba am<br />
qveynis raime kvalisa materialur kulturaSi.<br />
1937 wlis 28 seqtembers eCmiaZinis<br />
(erevanSi) xelnawerebs Soris i.<br />
abulaZem miakvliaA XV s-is somxur xelnawers,<br />
romelic warmoadgenda sxvadasxva<br />
enisa da damwerlobis saxelmZRvanelos.<br />
am xelnawerSi aRmoCnda albanuri<br />
anbanic. anbani Seiswavla a. SaniZem<br />
da daaskvna, rom albanebis memkvidreebi<br />
unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyvnen azerbaijanis teritoriaze<br />
da nawilobriv saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi<br />
mcirericxovani xalxi udiebi,<br />
romelTa ena kavkasiuri enebis samxreTdaRestnur<br />
enaTa jgufs ekuTvnis. daaxloebiT<br />
aTi wlis Semdeg azerbaijanis<br />
teritoriaze mingeCauris gaTxrebis<br />
dros aRmoCnda albanuri damwerlobiT<br />
Sesrulebuli ramdenime warwera. imedi,<br />
rom i. abulaZis mier aRmoCenili anbaniT<br />
gaiSifreboda es warwerebi, ar gamarTlda.<br />
mecnierTa erT wreSi gaCnda<br />
Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac albanuri<br />
kultura, damwerloba da mwerloba<br />
saerTod arc arsebula.<br />
sinis mTaze aRmoCenili ori xelnaweris<br />
qveda, albanuri teqsti gadarecxes<br />
X s-Si da zevidan daaweres<br />
qarTuli anbanuri pateriki. qveda teqstis<br />
300 gadarCenili gverdidan daaxloebiT<br />
asis amokiTxva SesaZlebelia<br />
ultraiisferi ganaTebiT, gamadidebeli<br />
saSualebebiT, ultraiisferi gadaRebisa<br />
da kompiuteruli damuSavebis<br />
Semdeg.<br />
albanuri xelnaweris kodikologiuri<br />
saxis gansazRvra adgilzeve<br />
moxerxda. aman SesaZlebloba momca<br />
orad gakecili da sxvadasxva adgilas<br />
moxvedrili furceli warmosaxviT gameerTianebina<br />
da Semdeg kompiuterSi<br />
misi pirvandeli saxe aRmedgina. aRmoCnda,<br />
rom albanuri teqsti naweria<br />
or svetad, vertikalurad, da TiToeul<br />
svetSi 22 striqonia, gairkva furclebis<br />
formatic, areebis farTobi da ganisazRvra<br />
areebze gakeTebuli minawerebis<br />
adgili.<br />
gabmulad naweri teqstis sityvebad<br />
daSlis SesaZleblobas iZleoda sxva
Zveli mwerlobebis msgavsad mozrdili<br />
abzacebis dawyeba didi asoTi, daqaragmebuli<br />
sityvebi,garkveuli monakveTebis<br />
erTmaneTisgan gamoy<strong>of</strong>a sasveni<br />
ori wertiliT, gameorebuli erTi<br />
da igive sityvebi da mTeli frazebi.<br />
Teoriulma gaTvlebma da teqstis<br />
garegnuli saxis tipologiurma analizma<br />
mimiyvana daskvnamde, rom albanuri<br />
teqsti unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo mTeli<br />
wlis saRvTismsaxuro wigni „leqcionari“.<br />
amis Semdeg dadga amocana sxva<br />
enebze arsebuli leqcionarebis Sesatyvisi<br />
adgilebis moZebnisa albanurSi.<br />
xangrZlivi da teqnikurad rTuli samuSaos<br />
Sesrulebis Sedegad moxerxda<br />
im SedarebiT wvrili asoebiT naweri<br />
winadadebebis gadmowera, romlebsac<br />
Teoriulad leqcionarebis sakiTxavTa<br />
saTaurebad miviCnevdi. erT-erTi aseTi<br />
saTauri gaiSifra da igi aRmoCnda pavle<br />
mociqulis epistole Tesalonikel-<br />
Ta mimarT,romelic ikiTxeboda aliluias<br />
Sesrulebis moTxovniT. danarCeni<br />
ormoci saTauris gaSifrva ukve drois,<br />
moTminebisa da „teqnikis“ saqme iyo.<br />
saTaurebis amokiTxvisa da ga-<br />
Sifvris Semdeg saWiro iyo sakiTxavebis<br />
identifikacia nacnob enebze arsebuli<br />
leqcionarebis sakiTxavebTan.<br />
albanuri teqstis is monakveTi, romelSic<br />
erTi da igive fraza cxrajer<br />
meordeboda, aRmoCnda nawyveti pavle<br />
mociqulis meore epistoledan (axali<br />
aRTqma), me-11 Tavis 25_27-e muxlebi. gamoirkva,<br />
rom qarTul, somxur da berZnul<br />
Sesatyvis teqstebSi gamoyenebuli<br />
leqsika zog SemTxvevaSi Tanxvdeba<br />
albanurs. aseT sityvebSi gamoyenebul<br />
grafemaTa (asoTa) fonemuri (bgeriTi)<br />
mniSvnelobis didi sizustiT dadgena<br />
Zneli aRar iyo. paralelurma teqstebma<br />
saSualeba momca, agreTve, damedgina<br />
albanuri enis ramdenime gramatikuli<br />
kategoria, ramac kvlav didi siaxlove<br />
miCvena Tanamedrove udiurTan.<br />
albanuri anbani grafikulad axlos<br />
aris qarTulTan, somxurTan da<br />
77<br />
eTiopurTan. igi Sedgenili unda iyos<br />
palestinur samyaroSi. axali aRTqmidan<br />
sakiTxavebi uCvenebs gansxvavebebs<br />
sxva enebze arsebul axali aRTqmis<br />
teqstebTan da adasturebs, rom amierkavkasiis<br />
xalxTa enebze arsebuli bibliis<br />
teqstebis gareSe wmida werilis<br />
arqetipis aRdgena ar iqneba sruly<strong>of</strong>ili.<br />
albanuri leqcionaris gaSifvris<br />
Semdeg gaCnda Semdegi Teoriuli da<br />
praqtikuli perspeqtivebi: udiur enas<br />
(saerTod mTis kavkasiis enebs) SesaZlebloba<br />
miecema Tavisi damwerlobisaTvis<br />
diakritikuli niSnebiT damZimebuli<br />
rusuli an laTinuri anbanis<br />
magier gamoiyenos albanuri, romlis<br />
TiToeuli grafema Seesatyviseba Ti-<br />
Toeul fonemas. SesaZlebeli gaxdeba<br />
aRdges udi xalxis saRvTismsaxuro ena<br />
albanuri leqsikis safuZvelze. aseTi<br />
gza imave dros gadaarCens udiur enas,<br />
romelic wiTel wignSi Setanil enaTa<br />
Soris iTvleba.<br />
mTis kavkasiuri enebis SedarebiTi<br />
Seswavlisas gamoyenebuli iqneba erTaderTi<br />
uZvelesi samwerlobo ena _<br />
albanuri, rac SesaZleblobas miscems<br />
specialistebs dokumenturad Seamowmon<br />
arsebuli Teoriuli rekonstruqciebi<br />
da gacilebiT ufro Sors wavidnen<br />
istoriis siRrmeSi. meti sizustiT<br />
SegveZleba vilaparakoT albaneTis<br />
saxelmwifos ganviTarebis donis, misi<br />
teritoris farglebis, religiis, eTnikuri<br />
da enobrivi situaciisa da sxva<br />
problemebis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
rom gauSifrav damwerlobaTa jer kidev<br />
arsebuli sakmao raodenoba XX<br />
saukuneSi erTiT kidev Semcirda. damwerlobaTmcodneebs<br />
gaufarTovdebaT<br />
TavianTi kvlevis areali, radgan xelT<br />
eqnebaT kidev erTi anbanuri damwerloba,<br />
romlis arsebobac maT icodnen,<br />
magram Teoriuli daskvnebisaTvis gamoyenebis<br />
saSualeba ar hqondaT somxur<br />
xelnawerSi Semonaxul anbanSi<br />
daSvebuli mravali Secdomis gamo.
albanuri teqstebis sruli saxiT<br />
(faqsimile, transkrifcia, Targmani,<br />
paraleluri teqsti, aRmoCenisa da ga-<br />
Sifvris istoria, gramatikuli aRwera,<br />
cnobebi albanuri damwerlobisa da<br />
albaneTis istoriis Sesaxeb) gamoqveynebas<br />
(savaraudoa, 2008 wlis bolos)<br />
udidesi mniSvneloba eqneba ara marto<br />
kavkasiologiis mravali dargisaTvis,<br />
aramed, zogadad, uZvelesi qristianuli<br />
mwerlobis Sesaswavlad. gamocemaze<br />
muSaobs mecnierTa jgufi (z. aleqsiZe,<br />
i. giperti, J.-p. mae, v. Sulce).<br />
dasasrul, minda erTxel kidev gavimeoro,rom<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos ka-<br />
Tolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia meoris aqtiuri da uSualo<br />
monawileobis gareSe Cvens Taobas<br />
SesaZloa didxans araferi scodnoda<br />
sinis mTaze aRmoCenili saganZuris<br />
WeSmariti Rirebulebis Sesaxeb.<br />
78
uwmidesi da unetaresi patriarqi ilia II<br />
qarTveli eris sulierebis mfarveli<br />
SoTa nadiraSvili<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />
moRvaweobis Sedegad saqarTvelos sulierebis<br />
ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani<br />
sasikeTo Zvrebi moxda.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, XX saukuneSi<br />
saqarTvelo mZime sulier da materialur<br />
pirobebSi cxovrobda. sabWoTa<br />
kavSirSi, sadac saqarTvelo faqtobrivad<br />
koloniur mdgomareobaSi iyo,<br />
uxeSad irRveoda adamianisa da eris<br />
uflebebi. gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareoba<br />
Seiqmna sulieri cxovrebis<br />
sferoSi. sarwmunoebisa da erovnuli<br />
interesebis damcveli adamianebis<br />
mimarT saxelmwifo sagangebo represiebs<br />
mimarTavda. aseT pirobebSi<br />
daiwyo patriarqma Tavisi moRvaweoba.<br />
man rwmeniT aRsavse gonivruli<br />
saqmianobiT qarTvel erSi gaaRviva<br />
da ganamtkica qristianul-marTlmadidebluri<br />
rwmena, razedac agebuli<br />
iyo odiTganve qarTveli eris kultura<br />
da cnobiereba. patriarqis damsaxurebaa,<br />
rom dRes qarTveli xalxi<br />
masobrivad Semobrunda eklesiuri<br />
cxovrebisaken; xalxs gauCnda miswrafeba<br />
icxovros qristianul-mar-<br />
Tlmadidebluri moTxovnebis mixedviT.<br />
patriarqis moRvaweobiT aseTi<br />
rwmenis gavrceleba da ganmtkiceba<br />
drouli da saWiroa CvenTvis, radgan<br />
qarTveli xalxi dRes erovnuli saxelmwifos<br />
Camoyalibebis gzaze dgas.<br />
patriarqma didi wvlili Seitana<br />
damoukideblobis ideis ganmtkicebaSi,<br />
magram damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg<br />
verc erTma xelisuflebam qarTvel<br />
ers ver dausaxa Tavisufali erovnuli<br />
saxelmwifos aSenebis amocana, mizani,<br />
idea, rac qarTvel ers gaaerTianebda<br />
am amocanis Sesasruleblad.<br />
xelisuflebasa da adamianebs gauCndaT<br />
kerZo miznebi da amocanebi,<br />
romelTa ganxorcielebis procesSi<br />
adamianebi, calkeuli jgufebi da partiebi<br />
daupirispirdnen erTmaneTs, ris<br />
gamoc SeuZlebeli gaxda Tavisufali<br />
erovnuli saxelmwifos aSeneba.<br />
patriarqma daiwyo moRvaweoba saer-<br />
To-erovnuli amocanis dasaxvisaTvis,<br />
rac aucilebelia erovnuli saxelmwifos<br />
mSeneblobis dasawyebad. am<br />
mxriv, did mniSvnelobas iZens patriarqis<br />
moRvaweoba, ris Sedegadac Cvenma<br />
xalxma daiwyo religiur-kulturuli<br />
Zeglebis aRdgena da eklesiuri saqmianoba.<br />
daiwyo adamianebs Soris dadebiTi<br />
ganwyobilebebis Camoyalibeba da<br />
es urTierTobebi ufro Semwynarebluri<br />
gaxda.<br />
saqarTvelos istoriaSi cnobil<br />
saeklesio moRvaweTa saxelebi eklesiebis<br />
mSeneblobasTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos patriarq<br />
ilia II didi moRvaweoba axali<br />
saeklesio mSeneblobis saqmeSi. misi<br />
xelmZRvanelobiT aigo samebis ekle-<br />
79
80<br />
sia, romelic udidesi da brwyinvale<br />
nagebobaa. igi ukve did rols asrulebs<br />
xalxis sulieri gaerTianebis<br />
saqmeSi. TviT mSeneblobis procesic<br />
iqca qarTvelTa daaxloebis da Tanam-<br />
Sromlobis arenad. masSi mravalma<br />
adamianma Seitana garkveuli wvlili.<br />
rogorc patriarqma aRniSna,ar SeiZleba<br />
ar movixsenioT am saqmeSi didi qarTveli<br />
mecenati, romelmac Tavisi gvaris<br />
dasaxelebac ar isurva. qarTveli<br />
eri didi madlierebiT da pativiscemiT<br />
aris ganmsWvaluli batoni biZina<br />
ivaniSvilis mimarT.<br />
eris cxovrebaSi patriarqis moRvaweoba<br />
mxolod saeklesio saqmianobiT<br />
ar amoiwureba. misi Sexedulebebi<br />
qarTveli xalxis cxovrebis wesis,<br />
pirovnebis aRzrdis, axalgazrdobis<br />
ganaTlebis da, saerTod, mecnierebis<br />
Sesaxeb did gavlenas axdens qarTveli<br />
eris sulier ganviTarebaze. es Sexedulebebi<br />
kargad aris warmodgenili patriarqis<br />
epistoleebSi, rac mis did<br />
erudiciaze miuTiTebs.<br />
Cven sagangebod gvinda aRvniSnoT<br />
patriarqis mosazrebebi aRzrdisa<br />
da swavlebis Sesaxeb, romelTa gaTvaliswineba<br />
aucilebelia saskolo<br />
swavla-aRzrdis procesSi. patriarqis<br />
azriT, skolaSi bavSvebs unda<br />
SevumuSaoT analitikuri azrovneba,<br />
romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia<br />
rTul socialur viTarebebSi<br />
garkveva da wamoWrili problemebis<br />
gadawyveta. analitikuri azrovneba<br />
movlenaTa mizezebisa da maTi mimdinareobis<br />
kanonzomierebaTa gagebis<br />
saSualebas iZleva. saqarTveloSi,<br />
samwuxarod, politikurma partiebma<br />
sakuTari Sexedulebebis damcveli<br />
poziciuri azrovneba daamkvidres.<br />
am calmxrivi tendenciis dasaZlevad<br />
analitikuri azrovnebis swavleba<br />
aris saWiro. patriarqis am miTiTebis<br />
safuZvelze Camoyalibda fsiqolog-<br />
Ta jgufi, romelmac gadawyvita maswavleblebisaTvis<br />
Seeqmna analitikuri<br />
azrovnebis swavlebis meToduri<br />
saxelmZRvanelo. masSi dalagebuli<br />
iqneba Semecnebis unarebis ganviTarebis<br />
da analitikuri azrovnebis<br />
swavlebis meTodebi. garda amisa, moswavleTaTvis<br />
Sedgenili iqneba azrovnebis<br />
dauflebisa da gavarjiSebis<br />
saxelmZRvanelo.<br />
patriarqma aRniSna isic, rom axalgazrdebis<br />
aRzrdis saqmeSi didi<br />
rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia ganwyobis<br />
Teorias; misi gamoyenebiT Cven Segvi-<br />
Zlia dadebiTi ganwyobebi SevuqmnaT<br />
adamianebs maRali, moraluri Rirebulebebis<br />
mimarT.<br />
gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs patriarqi<br />
saqarTveloSi narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolaSi.<br />
narkomania didi ubedurebaa, romelic<br />
Tavs daatyda kacobriobas. misi<br />
SesaZlo tragikuli Sedegebi jer<br />
kidev bolomde ar aris gacnobierebuli.<br />
narkomans zogi avadmy<strong>of</strong>ad Tvlis,<br />
zogi _ kriminalad. swori ar<br />
iqneba narkomanis mxolod avadmy<strong>of</strong>ad<br />
an mxolod damnaSaved CaTvla. kibo-<br />
Ti da tifiT adamiani misi survilisa<br />
da nebis gareSe avaddeba. narkomaniiT<br />
daavadebaSi ki Tavad individs<br />
Seaqvs wvlili. Cveulebrivad, adamiani<br />
Tavisi survilis gareSe am seniT<br />
ar avaddeba. man TviTon gamoiwvia<br />
es seni _ is eSmakis msaxuri gaxda,<br />
riTac xSirad prestiJuli adamianis<br />
rols asrulebs; avrcelebs am sens<br />
sazogadoebaSi da borotebis samsaxurSi<br />
dgeba. sazogadoebam unda gamonaxos<br />
narkomaniis winaaRmdeg brZolis<br />
efeqturi formebi, raTa daicvas<br />
narkomanis sicocxle da suliereba.<br />
aseve sazogadoebam unda daicvas Tavi<br />
am senis gamavrceleblebisagan.<br />
narkomaniam katastr<strong>of</strong>ulad farTo<br />
gavrceleba pova ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi. saqarTveloSi<br />
narkomanTa Tavzardamcem ricxvs<br />
asaxeleben. mis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad<br />
erisa da mTeli materialuri da<br />
sulieri Zalebis Cabma aris saWiro.
patriarqma narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />
seriozuli muSaoba daiwyo, masTan sabrZolvelad<br />
saTanado samecniero da<br />
sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi Car-<br />
To. patriarqis inteleqtualuri da<br />
materialuri daxmarebis wyalobiT<br />
aRniSnulma organizaciebma narkomaniis<br />
winaaRmdeg seriozuli muSaoba<br />
daiwyes.<br />
aRmoCnda, rom narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZola sami mimarTulebiT aris<br />
saWiro:<br />
1. narkomaniis winaaRmdeg muSaoba<br />
warmatebiT ver damTavrdeba, Tu xelisufleba<br />
intensiurad ar CaerTveba<br />
am saqmianobaSi. saWiroa kanonebis ukiduresi<br />
gamkacreba narkotikebis gamavrceleblebis<br />
winaaRmdeg. fsiqologebma<br />
sazogadoebas unda SeumuSaon<br />
uary<strong>of</strong>iTi ganwyoba, siZulvili narkotikebis<br />
gamavrceleblebis mimarT.<br />
am mimarTulebiT garkveuli programebi<br />
muSavdeba. saWiroa maTi gafar-<br />
Toeba.<br />
2. seriozuli muSaobaa saWiro Tvi-<br />
Ton narkomanebTan. maT sul ufro<br />
uZneldebaT sazogadoebrivi cxovreba,<br />
samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesruleba<br />
da narkotikebis SeZena. aseTi vi-<br />
Tareba ki maT kriminalisken ubiZgebs.<br />
maTi mkurnaloba garkveul reJimSi<br />
cxovrebas moiTxovs, razedac narkomanTa<br />
mcire raodenoba Tanxmdeba. maT<br />
unda SevuqmnaT saTanado ganwyoba,<br />
Tavad CaerTon Tavis mkurnalobaSi.<br />
sazogadoebaSi unda SemuSavdes narkomanebisadmi<br />
ambivalenturi, ormagi<br />
damokidebuleba: TanagrZnoba misi<br />
pirovnebisadmi, romelic Sepyrobilia<br />
borotebis msaxuris, satanis, mier da<br />
siZulvili misi pirovnebis im aspeqtis<br />
mimarT, romelic Tanxmdeba borotebas-<br />
Tan TanamSromlobas. narkomani avadaa,<br />
romelsac gankurneba, Svela unda, da<br />
is damnaSavec aris _ borotebas emsaxureba,<br />
ar ibrZvis misgan gansaTavisufleblad<br />
da sxvebsac abams am ubedurebaSi.<br />
81<br />
3. rogorc vTqviT, axalgazrdobis<br />
garkveul nawils narkomanoba erTgvar<br />
prestiJul saqmianobad miaCnia. axalgazrdobis<br />
erT nawils narkotikebis<br />
gasinjvis interesi aqvs; maTSi arsebobs<br />
imedi imisa, rom roca moindomeben,<br />
masze uars ityvian. aseTi mcdari<br />
Sexedulebebi narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolas abrkolebs.<br />
fsiqologebma da aRzrdis specialistebma<br />
unda gamoimuSaon specialuri<br />
meTodebi, romelTa daxmarebiT<br />
axalgazrdebs SeumuSaveben mkve-<br />
Tr uary<strong>of</strong>iT ganwyobas narkotikebisa<br />
da narkomanebis mimarT. am ganwyobebSi<br />
dominirebuli unda iyos siZulvili<br />
da zizRi narkotikebisa da narkomanebis<br />
mimarT. sulac ar aris saWiro<br />
axalgazrdobaSi narkomanisadmi, rogorc<br />
avadmy<strong>of</strong>isadmi TanagrZnobisa<br />
da Sewynarebis gancdis gamomuSaveba.<br />
patriarqis davalebiT da daxmarebiT<br />
ukve tardeba garkveuli muSaoba<br />
fsiqologebisa da fsiqoTerapevtebis<br />
mier narkomaniis winaaRmdeg.<br />
patriarqis didi moRvaweobis safuZvelze<br />
CvenSi sul ufro mtkicdeba pativiscema<br />
sarwmunoebisadmi, romelic<br />
adamianis sulierebas emsaxureba. amave<br />
dros patriarqis moRvaweobis Sedegad<br />
sul ufro izrdeba CvenSi samSoblos,<br />
qarTveli eris ganviTarebisa da ganmtkicebis<br />
moTxovnileba.<br />
qarTveli eri erovnuli saxelmwifos<br />
aSenebis Znel gzas adgas.<br />
yoveli eri qmnis da inaxavs codnasa<br />
da Tavis kulturas, rac aucilebelia<br />
adamianTa socialuri cxovrebis organizaciisaTvis.<br />
momavali Taobebi euflebian<br />
da aviTareben mas. ase iqmneba<br />
garemo,socialuri pirobebi pirovneba-<br />
Ta Sinagani Zalebisa da SesaZleblobebis<br />
realizaciisaTvis. monur, feodalur,<br />
diqtatorul da sabazro principebze<br />
agebul sazogadoebebSi ver<br />
moxerxda adamianTa idealebis ganxorcieleba.<br />
magram adamianTa miswrafeba<br />
gonivruli da moraluri cxovrebisak-
82<br />
en sul ufro izrdeba. am miznebis misaRwevad<br />
aucilebelia im uflebebisa<br />
da movaleobebis naTely<strong>of</strong>a da aRiareba,<br />
romlebic adamianebs da erebs,<br />
rogorc sulier subieqtebs, moekiTxebaT.<br />
didi erebi dResac ver ganTavisufldnen<br />
imperiuli ambiciebisagan. es<br />
badebs mtrobas erebs Soris da erebs<br />
SigniT _ adamianebs Soris.<br />
dRes kacobriobis istoriaSi erTgvari<br />
Semobruneba moxda: damoukidebeli<br />
da Tavisufali erovnuli saxelmwifoebis<br />
Camoyalibebis procesi daiwyo.<br />
isini didi siZnelis winaSe aRmoCndnen.<br />
saqarTveloc swored aseTi siZnelis<br />
winaSe dgas. ms<strong>of</strong>lios damoukidebeli<br />
da Tavisufali qveynebis sistemaSi<br />
CarTva didi sirTuleebis gadalaxvas<br />
moiTxovs. am sirTuleebis daZlevisaTvis<br />
damoukideblobis mopoveba ar aris<br />
sakmarisi. damoukidebloba jer kidev<br />
ar aris Tavisufleba. fsiqologebisTvis<br />
kargad aris cnobili, rom bavSvi<br />
dabadebis Semdeg damoukidebeli organizmi<br />
xdeba, magram is jer kidev<br />
ar aris Tavisufali arseba. Tavisuflebis<br />
miRweva mas 16_17 wlis asakSi<br />
SeuZlia, rodesac man Tavad unda air-<br />
Cios cxovrebis wesi, romelsac is Seasrulebs<br />
da romelzec is pasuxismgeblobas<br />
aiRebs. aseTsave mdgomareoba-<br />
Sia eri. damoukideblobis mopovebis<br />
Semdeg man Tavad unda SeZlos Seqmnas<br />
Tavisi arsebobis pirobebi, airCios<br />
Tavisi cxovrebis wesi, daamyaros sxva<br />
erebTan TanamSromluri urTierToba,<br />
gaiTvaliswinos Tavisi da masTan urTierTobaSi<br />
my<strong>of</strong>i eri-saxelmwifoebis<br />
ufleba-movaleobebi, pasuxi agos Tavis<br />
moqmedebebze.<br />
aRmoCnda, rom damoukidebloba Zalian<br />
mZimea. am gzis gavlis Semdeg eri<br />
yalibdeba Tavisufal erovnul saxelmwifod,<br />
subieqtad, Tavisufal sulier<br />
arsebad. amitom adamianebi gaurbian<br />
damoukideblobas da ara Tavisuflebas,<br />
rogorc es froms egona.<br />
dadginda, rom damoukideblobisagan<br />
gaqcevis oTxi gza arsebobs:<br />
pirveli _ ukan, Zveli patronisaken<br />
dabruneba; meore _ axali patronis<br />
Zieba; mesame _ nevrozuli fusfusi,<br />
riTac adamianebi Tavisuflebis iluzias<br />
iqmnian. bolo 17 wlis manZilze<br />
Cven samive gza ukve vcadeT, meoTxes,<br />
Tavisuflebisaken mimaval gzas, jer<br />
kidev ver davadeqiT.<br />
erT dros Cveni xelisufleba ukan<br />
dabrunebas cdilobda. miRebulad iTvleboda<br />
debuleba: `saqarTvelos ruseTis<br />
gareSe cxovreba ar SeuZlia~.<br />
SemdgomSi axali patronis Ziebis<br />
periodi daiwyo; miiCneoda, rom Cven<br />
axali patronis mfarvelobis qveS<br />
unda SevsuliyaviT, aqtualuri gaxda<br />
debuleba: `saqarTvelos evropisa da<br />
amerikis mfarvelobis gareSe cxovreba<br />
ar SeuZlia~. daiwyo `nevrozuli<br />
fusfusi~. Cven Tavisufali saxelmwifo<br />
rom gavxdeT, unda aRvadginoT<br />
`abreSumis gza~, saqarTveloze unda<br />
gavataroT navTobisa da gazis milebi,<br />
gzebi, unda davemsgavsoT ganviTarebul<br />
saxelmwifoebs; aqamde arsebulma<br />
verc erTma xelisuflebam qveyanas<br />
ver dausaxa erTiani erovnuli mizani,<br />
rac gaaerTianebda qarTvel ers Tavisufali<br />
saxelmwifos mSeneblobis<br />
saqmeSi. ra miznebisa da amocanebis<br />
dasaxvaa amisaTvis saWiro? Cem mier<br />
uxerxulia am sakiTxebze msjeloba,<br />
magram zogadad mainc vityvi: saqarTvelos<br />
xelisuflebam unda gamonaxos<br />
saqarTvelosTvis prioritetuli<br />
dargebi, romelTa ganviTarebis<br />
safuZvelze Cven gavxdebiT erovnuli<br />
saxelmwifo. eseni Semdegia: erovnuli<br />
mrewveloba da s<strong>of</strong>lis meurneoba,<br />
erovnuli ganaTleba da kultura.<br />
erovnul kulturaSi vgulisxmob<br />
literaturas, musikas, Teatrs, kinos<br />
da sxvadasxva saxis SemoqmedebiT<br />
saqmianobas. saWiroa ganviTardes<br />
mecniereba, jandacva, sazogadoebrivi<br />
usafrTxoeba da samxedro saqme.<br />
aseT viTarebaSi yuradRebiT unda
movekidoT patriarqis darigebas, rom<br />
Cveni qveynis saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis<br />
procesSi yvelaze didi Rirebuleba<br />
RmerTs, ersa da adamians eni-<br />
Weba. igi Tavis sulier moRvaweobasa<br />
da praqtikul saqmianobaSi warmatebiT<br />
amkvidrebs aRniSnul Sexedulebas.<br />
qarTveli xalxi didi mowiwebiT<br />
gamoxatavs Tavis siyvaruls saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II mimarT. usurvebs<br />
mas xangrZliv sicocxles, raTa kidev<br />
didxans emsaxuros Cveni qveynis sulieri<br />
zrdisa da ganviTarebis saqmes.<br />
83
swored amitom saxelisuflo Zalebs<br />
ar surdaT, rom eklesiis saTaveSi ase-<br />
Ti pirovneba mosuliyo. did WidilSi<br />
ilia SiolaSvilis kandidaturam sabolood<br />
gaimarjva. Znelia Tqma, ra Zalebma<br />
imoqmedes, magram am saqmeSi rom<br />
gadamwyveti uflis neba iyo, es udavoa.<br />
saerTo ganukiTxaobisa da urwmunoebis<br />
pirobebSi qveyanaSi naTeli adgili<br />
unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo. ufalma sabolood<br />
ar gawira RvTismSoblis wilxvedri<br />
saqarTvelo.<br />
ilia II kurTxevamde saqarTveloSi<br />
eklesias mcirericxovani mrevli hyavda.<br />
magram mis intronizacias sveticxovlis<br />
taZarSi bevri xalxi daeswro,<br />
eklesia da sveticxovlis ezo<br />
xalxiT iyo savse, morwmuneebiT, sanaxaobis<br />
moyvarulebiTa da saTanado organoTa<br />
TanamSromlebis didi raodenobiT.<br />
kurTxevis dros ilia II TiTqos na-<br />
Tels afrqvevda. Cem siaxloves mdgomi<br />
Cemi kargi nacnobi aTeistebi gakvirvebas<br />
ver malavdnen.<br />
ilia II aRsaydrebidan eklesiaSi<br />
mlocvelTa ricxvma TandaTan imata.<br />
intronizaciis erTi wlisTavze ukve<br />
mcxeTis misadgomebidan aRar iyo<br />
xalxis teva. eklesiaSi axalgazrdoba<br />
momravlda, ZiriTadad gogonebi, gulze<br />
jvriT, magram iyvnen ymawvilebic. wirvis<br />
dros eklesiaSi teva aRar iyo. uwmidesis,<br />
ilia II madli moefina saqamariam<br />
lorTqifaniZe<br />
patriarqi da morwmuneni<br />
Cems Taobas saqarTvelos istoriis<br />
erT-erT umZimes dros ergo cxovreba.<br />
komunisturi totalitaruli reJimis<br />
represiebis viTarebaSi, sarwmunoebis,<br />
eklesiis msaxurTa devnis, eklesiaTa<br />
darbevis, urwmunoebis sayovelTao<br />
danergvisaTvis brZolis pirobebSi<br />
Taobebi izrdebodnen da gaizardnen<br />
aTeistebad.<br />
qarTuli eklesia Cveni inteligenciis<br />
mcirericxovani warmomadgenlebis,<br />
sakmaod mcirericxovani morwmune<br />
mrevlis mxardaWeriT, eklesiis<br />
msaxurTa TavdadebiTa da simtkiciT<br />
mainc idga fexze da erTgulad icavda<br />
Tavis principebs, sakuTar arsebobas,<br />
cdilobda gadaerCina eri gadagvarebisagan.<br />
miuxedavad sastiki devnisa,qarTulma<br />
eklesiam, kaTolikos-patriarqebma,<br />
rigiTma da maRali donis msaxurebma<br />
daicves qarTuli eklesiis Rirseba.<br />
1977 wels gardaicvala kaTolikospatriarqi<br />
daviT V, romelic 1972 wlidan<br />
iyo Cveni eklesiis uzenaesi xelisufali.<br />
dadga patriarqis `arCevis~<br />
sakiTxi, rac faqtobrivad samTavrobo<br />
doneze wydeboda. qarTuli inteligenciis<br />
mcirericxovani jgufi cxumafxazeTis<br />
mitropolits ilia SiolaSvils<br />
uWerda mxars. mas icnobdnen<br />
rogorc ganaTlebul, xalxisa da rwmenisaTvis<br />
Tavdadebul pirovnebas, mas<br />
ukve didi saxeli hqonda moxveWili.<br />
84
Tvelos, xalxi eklesiisaken, rwmenisaken<br />
mobrunda. ar iyo advili aTeuli<br />
wlebis manZilze Seqmnili zRurblis<br />
gadalaxva. es zRurbli qarTvel xalxs<br />
ilis II madlma gadaalaxvina.<br />
zogi skeptikosi eWvs gamoTqvamda,<br />
rom axalgazrdobis nawili fexis<br />
xmas ahyva. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom<br />
eklesiaSi misulTa Soris aTeistebic,<br />
saerTo gatacebas ayolilebic iyvnen,<br />
magram TandaTan isinic Seicnobdnen<br />
rwmenis madls, maTi Svilebi, SviliSvilebi<br />
eklesiurad,morwmuneebad gaizrdebodnen.<br />
wirvis, didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis<br />
dros, eklesiaSi yovelTvis<br />
iyvnen garkveul samsaxurTa warmomadgenlebi.<br />
kargad viciT, rogor<br />
ibarebdnen axalgazrdebs,emuqrebodnen<br />
kidec, magram ukve am rwmenis amoZirkva<br />
SeuZlebeli iyo da am SemobrunebaSi<br />
udidesi Rvawli patriarqs miuZRvis.<br />
gaxSirda jvriswerebi, bavSvebs ukve,<br />
rogorc wesi, yvela naTlavda. da es<br />
yvelaferi jer kidev komunisturi re-<br />
Jimis dros xdeboda.<br />
eri imediT Sescqeroda da Sescqeris<br />
uwmidessa da unetaress. mis<br />
locvas auracxeli xalxi eswreba, eswrafvian<br />
misi `epistoleebis~ mosmenas<br />
da wakiTxvas,radgan maTSi qveynis momavlis<br />
imeds xedaven. aTeisti qarTveloba<br />
morwmune erad Camoyalibda. yvela<br />
marTlmadidebel qarTvels uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II didi imedi aqvs.<br />
ufali iyos ilia II da Cveni Semwe.<br />
85
mama giorgi zviadaZe<br />
Jami Senebisa...<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II Rvawli uaRresad mravalferovani<br />
da nay<strong>of</strong>ieria. albaT SeuZlebelia<br />
im damsaxurebis zedmiwevniT aRnusxva<br />
da gadmocema, romlis aRsrulebac<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis mwyemsmTavaris<br />
maRali sulierebis, ganaTlebis,<br />
gonierebisa da sibrZnis Sedegad gaxda<br />
SesaZlebeli. kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
moRvaweoba mxolod imiT ar amoiwureba,<br />
rac dRes yvelasTvis xelSesaxebi<br />
da cxadia. masSi bevri ram aris iseTi,<br />
rasac udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni<br />
sulierebisa da aRorZinebisTvis, Tumca,<br />
Cveulebriv, aseTi Rvawli materialuri<br />
TvaliT ar ixilveba da mxolod RvTisTvis<br />
aris sacnauri. misi uwmidesobis patriarqobis<br />
ocdaaTwliani moRvaweoba<br />
86<br />
erTgvari mowameobaa, ramac dasabami<br />
misca Cveni xalxis sulier feriscvalebas,<br />
eklesiurobisagan gaucxoebuli<br />
qarTveli eris kvlav eklesiis wiaRSi<br />
dabrunebas, rac mxolod da mxolod<br />
patriarqis udidesi ZalisxmeviTa da<br />
pirovnuli magaliTiT gaxda SesaZlebeli.<br />
yvelasTvis cnobilia, Tu ra mniSvneloba<br />
hqonda Cveni eklesiisa da erisaTvis<br />
Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis<br />
dafuZnebas, romlis gareSec warmoudgeneli<br />
iqneboda qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo<br />
azrovnebis aRorZineba da ganviTareba,<br />
an, Tundac, _ gelaTis akademiis<br />
amoqmedebas, gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis dafuZnebas; sasuliero saswavleblebisa<br />
da samrevlo skolebis<br />
gaxsnas qveynis sxvadasxva regionSi;<br />
eklesia-monastrebis aRdgenasa da aRm-<br />
Seneblobas; eparqiebis gamravlebasa<br />
da axali mRvdelmTavrebis kurTxevas;<br />
axali wmindanebis kanonizacias;<br />
saRvTismetyvelo literaturis gamocemas;<br />
sapatriarqoSi sxvadasxva umniSvnelovanesi<br />
samsaxuris Seqmnas, rac<br />
miznad isaxavs eklesiis aRorZinebas;<br />
wmida samebis taZris agebas, rac erTgvari<br />
gvirgvinia saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
moRvaweobisa.<br />
erTmniSvnelovnad SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
rom gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />
hqonda sulierebis, kulturisa da mecnierebis<br />
aRorZinebisa da ganviTarebis<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
saerTaSoriso saqvelmoqmedo<br />
fondis dafuZnebas.<br />
rogorc uwmidesi patriarqi Tavis<br />
erT-erT epistoleSi aRniSnavs: `saqarTvelo<br />
mxolod maSin gadarCeba da daimkvidrebs<br />
Rirseul adgils ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi,<br />
Tu igi Tavis tradiciebze dayrdnobiT<br />
Seqmnis Tanamedrove teqnologiebsa da<br />
miRwevebze dafuZnebul qarTul saxelmwifos.<br />
am orive pirobis Sesruleba<br />
metad mniSvnelovania Cveni arsebobisa<br />
da Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. Tundac<br />
erT-erTi maTganis mokleba umZimesi<br />
Sedegis momtani iqneba qveynisaTvis~<br />
(saaRdgomo epistole. 23 aprili,<br />
2006 weli).<br />
patriarqis fondi dafuZnda 2005<br />
wlis 8 Tebervals, samebis sakaTedro
taZarSi, rodesac wmida eklesia da<br />
sruliad saqarTvelo sazeimod aRniSnavdnen<br />
daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis<br />
dRes.<br />
misma uwmidesobam am dResTan dakavSirebiT<br />
sagangebod aRniSna: `dRes<br />
aris gansakuTrebuli, istoriuli<br />
dRe. dRes fuZndeba sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis fondi,<br />
romelsac didi mniSvneloba eqneba<br />
saqarTvelosaTvis. es iqneba is fondi,<br />
romlis saqmianobaSic monawileobis<br />
miReba SeeZleba nebismier adamians,<br />
miuxedavad misi religiuri da<br />
erovnuli kuTvnilebisa. es iqneba is<br />
fondi, romelic Zalisxmevas ar dai-<br />
Surebs, raTa ganamtkicos erovnuli da<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba; Cven unda<br />
vicodeT vina varT, vin viyaviT an vin<br />
unda viyoT...<br />
es fondi izrunebs ara marto sulierebis<br />
ganmtkicebisTvis, aramed<br />
kulturisa da mecnierebis aRorZinebisa<br />
da ganviTarebisTvis, rasac udidesi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos momavlisaTvis.<br />
amitom, Cven gveqneba Zalian<br />
mWidro kavSiri Cvens mecnierebaTa akademiasTan,<br />
Cvens universitetebTan,umaRles<br />
saswavleblebTan da yvelafers<br />
gavakeTebT imisaTvis, rom mecnierebs<br />
davexmaroT. magram mTavari mainc is<br />
aris, rom erovnuli da saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
azrovneba ganmtkicdes CvenSi.~<br />
bunebrivia, fondis dafuZnebasTan<br />
87<br />
erTad Seiqmna debuleba, romelSic<br />
gaTvaliswinebul iqna yvela mniSvnelovani<br />
sakiTxi, rac uSualod ukav-<br />
Sirdeba fondis muSaobis organizaciasa<br />
da struqturas. fondis saqmianobas,<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
TavmjdomareobiT,warmarTavs<br />
mmarTveli sabWo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
Sedian: sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposi,<br />
mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe), mwerali<br />
guram doCanaSvili, saqarTvelos<br />
saxalxo artisti anzor erqomaiSvili,<br />
xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori rusudan<br />
lorTqifaniZe, akademikosi SoTa<br />
nadiraSvili, saqarTvelos saxalxo<br />
artisti, kompozitori biZina kvernaZe,<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />
akademiis prezidenti Tamaz gamyreliZe,<br />
akademikosi daviT musxeliSvili, xuTgzis<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio da qalTa olimpiadebis<br />
TerTmetgzis Cempioni WadrakSi nona<br />
gafrindaSvili, kavSiri `nacionaluri<br />
lobis~ xelmZRvaneli giorgi andriaZe,<br />
mxatvari rusudan fetviaSvili, xelovnebaTmcodne<br />
rusudan yenia.<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />
qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisadmi<br />
xelSewyoba da Tanadgoma fondis moRvaweobis<br />
umTavres prioritetad miiCnia<br />
da, Sesabamisad, yoveli warmodgenili<br />
proeqtis ganxilvisas mxedvelobaSi<br />
miiReba is, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania<br />
ama Tu im proeqtis ganxorcieleba<br />
sulierebis, kulturisa da mecnierebis<br />
ganviTarebisTvis. sxdomebs, romlebic<br />
TveSi erTxel imarTeba, Tavad kaTolikos-partiarqi<br />
warmarTavs, romelic<br />
ama Tu im proeqtis safuZvliani ganxilvis<br />
Semdgom,mmarTveli sabWos wevrebTan<br />
erTad iRebs gadawyvetilebas misi<br />
dafinansebis Sesaxeb. saWiroebis Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
sabWos sxdomaze iwvevs mxardaWerili<br />
proeqtebis avtorebs, raTa<br />
Tavad maTgan moisminos amomwuravi<br />
informacia proeqtis mizandasaxulobisa<br />
da misi ganxorcielebis saSualebebis<br />
Sesaxeb. patriarqis fondTan arsebobs<br />
droebiTi komisiebi, romlebic<br />
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi fondis mmarTvel<br />
sabWos uzrunvely<strong>of</strong>en kompetenturi<br />
rekomendaciebiTa da daskvnebiT.<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />
saTanadod Seafasa qveyanaSi arsebuli<br />
umwvavesi viTareba, rac narkomanias<br />
ukavSirdeba da mis winaaRmdeg brZola<br />
fondis erT-erT umTavres prioritetad<br />
gamoacxada.<br />
am mizniT, d. uznaZis fsiqologiis<br />
institutis mecnierTa jgufis mier es<br />
sakiTxi mecnierulad iqna Seswavlili.
aseve garkveuli samuSao Sesrulda narkomaniis<br />
mimarT sazogadoebis damokidebulebis<br />
gamosavlenad (2005 w.).<br />
kvlevis monacemebze dayrdnobiT<br />
SemuSavda sazogadoebaSi antinarkotikuli<br />
ganwyobis Seqmnis gegma da Seiqmna<br />
fondTan arsebuli antinarkotikuli<br />
centri (2006 w.), romlis umTavres amocanas<br />
warmoadgens narkomaniis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolis prevenciuli midgomebis<br />
kvleva da ganxorcieleba.<br />
amave programis farglebSi Tbilisis<br />
Taboris mTaze mdebare `feriscvalebisa~<br />
da marty<strong>of</strong>is `yovelTa wmida-<br />
Tas~ monastrebis daxmarebiT daarsda<br />
qimiur nivTierebebze damokidebulebis<br />
mqone pirTa narkologiuri fsiqosareabilitacio<br />
centrebi (2006 w.).<br />
fondis muSaoba am kuTxiT sul<br />
ufro da ufro kvalificiuri da<br />
masStaburi xdeba.<br />
fondis xelSewyobiTa da dafinansebiT<br />
aRdga qarTuli Jurnalebis:<br />
`ciskaris~, `mnaTobisa~ da `literatura<br />
da xelovnebis~ gamocema; dafinansda<br />
mravali samecniero,literaturuli,<br />
istoriuli, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi Tu<br />
avtobiografiuli xasiaTis wigni da<br />
gamocema, maT Soris:<br />
_ axalgazrda mecnieris irakli gunias<br />
wigni `saqarTvelos monastrebi~;<br />
_ Rvawlmosili mecnieris mixeil<br />
gafrindaSvilis fundamenturi naSromi<br />
`qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis<br />
istoria~;<br />
_ pr<strong>of</strong>esor vaxtang jobaZis naSromi<br />
`adreuli Sua saukuneebis qar-<br />
Tuli monastrebi istoriul taoSi,<br />
klarjeTsa da SavSeTSi~;<br />
_ mweral SoTa xodaSnelis wigni<br />
`moqandake, restavratori – karlo bakuraZe~;<br />
_ pr<strong>of</strong>esor amiran arabulisa da<br />
eTer TaTaraiZis wigni-albomi `SendobiT<br />
momixsenieT~;<br />
_ wigni _ `Seni ca, ana~, romelic<br />
eZRvneba cnobili qarTveli poetis ana<br />
kalandaZis 80 wlis iubiles.<br />
88<br />
_ mayvala berianiZis wigni _ `gul-<br />
Si dateuli didi saqarTvelo~. wigni<br />
warmoadgens saqarTvelos istorias<br />
bavSvebisaTvis (5 nawilad).<br />
fondis TanadgomiT gamomcemloba<br />
`xelovnebam~ dabeWda trilogiis<br />
pirveli wigni _ `saqarTvelos sulieri<br />
saganZuri~, romelSic warmodgenilia<br />
saqarTveloSi arsebuli eklesia-monastrebis<br />
istoria da maTi mniSvneloba<br />
Cveni kulturisa da sulierebisTvis.<br />
naSromi gamoica qarTul da inglisur<br />
enebze.<br />
fondis erT-erTi mTavari prioritetia<br />
kulturuli TanamSromloba<br />
ucxoeTSi mcxovreb Cvens TanamemamuleebTan.<br />
am programis farglebSi:<br />
_ Caiwera lazuri folkloruli<br />
simRerebis pirveli kompaqt-diski;<br />
_ dafinansda qarTuli delegaciis<br />
gamgzavreba istoriul lazur qalaq<br />
arqabSi (TurqeTi) gamarTul folklorul<br />
festivalze, sadac pirvelad<br />
aJRerda sapatriarqos radio `iveriis~<br />
studiaSi Cawerili axali lazuri sim-<br />
Rerebi;<br />
_ daarsda kulturuli centri<br />
da sastumro saxli fereidneli qarTvelebisaTvis.<br />
fondi did yuradRebas uTmobs<br />
qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa<br />
da energetikuli usafrTxoebisaTvis<br />
aucilebeli proeqtebis mecnierulad<br />
damuSavebasa da momzadebas. am mizniT,<br />
fondTan Seiqmna `navTobisa da gazis~<br />
droebiTi komisia, romelic muSaobs<br />
saqarTvelos navTobisa da gazis<br />
saZiebo da mompovebeli dargis ganvi-<br />
Tarebis erovnuli programis SemuSavebaze.<br />
patriarqis fondi yovelwliurad<br />
atarebs did saerTaSoriso festivals<br />
_ `aRdgomidan amaRlebamde,~ romlis<br />
mizania axalgazrdobis daintereseba<br />
qarTuli da ms<strong>of</strong>lio klasikuri xelovnebiT,<br />
ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvel<br />
xelovanTa da qarTuli kulturiT
dainteresebul ucxoel Semsrulebel-<br />
Ta Semoqmedebis popularizaciiT saqarTveloSi.<br />
2006 wels sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis fondTan daarsda<br />
qarTuli sagaloblisa da xalxuri<br />
simReris saerTaSoriso centri,<br />
romlis mizania lotbarebis momzadeba,<br />
samgaloblo saswavleblebisa da<br />
folkloruli centrebis daarseba da<br />
qarTuli kulturis popularizacia<br />
sazRvargareT.<br />
fondi aqtiurad monawileobs qveynis<br />
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisa<br />
da gadarCenis saqmeSi.<br />
fondma daafinansa saxelmwifo saistorio<br />
arqivSi daculi, XII_XIII saukuneebiT<br />
daTariRebuli,erT-erTi uZvelesi<br />
qarTuli xelnaweri Zeglis – an-<br />
Cis saxarebis (oTxTavi) restavracia.<br />
fondi aqtiurad TanamSromlobs<br />
sxvadasxva qarTul da saerTaSoriso<br />
telemauwyebelTan; misi patronaJiTa<br />
da dafinansebiT safuZveli Caeyara<br />
sxvadasxva saswavlo-SemecnebiT teleproeqts;<br />
dafinansda sxvadasxva Janris<br />
satelevizio-dokumenturi filmi,<br />
maT Soris, saxelmwifoTaSorisi teleradiokompania<br />
`mir~-is saqarTvelos<br />
warmomadgenlobis mier warmodgenili<br />
proeqti _ `eris sulieri aRorZineba~;<br />
fondis aqtiuri mxardaWeriT mauwyeblobs<br />
damoukidebeli qarTuli<br />
telekompania `iveria~.<br />
fondi zrunavs gamoCenil da axalgazrda<br />
qarTvel mxatvarTa Semoqmedebis<br />
popularizaciaze. am programis<br />
farglebSi moewyo mxatvar reno<br />
Turqias dabadebis 80 wlisTavisadmi<br />
miZRvnili saRamo da ferweruli da<br />
grafikuli namuSevrebis gam<strong>of</strong>ena.<br />
agreTve, periodulad tardeba Tematuri<br />
niSniT Seqmnili sabavSvo naxatebis<br />
gam<strong>of</strong>ena-konkursi.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis<br />
locva-kurTxeviT fondi<br />
aqtiurad muSaobs demografiuli<br />
problemis mogvarebisaTvis saWiro<br />
erovnuli programis Seqmnaze. programis<br />
amoqmedeba dagegmilia 2008 wlis<br />
dasawyisisTvis.<br />
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom fondSi, sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan,<br />
xSirad ikribebian qarTveli<br />
mecnierebi, mwerlebi, xelovnebisa da<br />
kulturis muSakebi, sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi,<br />
sadac msjeloben sxvadasxva<br />
mniSvnelovan sakiTxze; gansakuTrebuli<br />
yuradReba eTmoba afxaze-<br />
Tisa da cxinvalis regionis Temas da<br />
im gzebis Ziebas, romlebic aRadgens<br />
Cveni xalxebis mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas<br />
erTian saxelmwifoSi.<br />
misi uwmidesobis iniciativiT<br />
fondSi xSirad imarTeba saintereso<br />
ideebisa da naSromebis prezentacia,<br />
romelic sazogadoebisa da mediis did<br />
dainteresebas iwvevs.<br />
fondis yoveldRiur saqmianobasa da<br />
gamarTul funqcionirebas, mmarTveli<br />
sabWos gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebas<br />
da fondis mier gacemuli grantebis<br />
miznobriv xarjvaze kontrols uzrunvely<strong>of</strong>s<br />
fondis samdivno, romelsac<br />
xelmZRvanelobs aRmasrulebeli mdivani.<br />
fonds finansur mxardaWeras uweven<br />
qarTveli da ucxoeli mecenatebi.<br />
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia fondisadmi<br />
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mier<br />
gaweuli finansuri mxardaWera.<br />
darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
fondma qarTveli sazogadoebriobis<br />
didi ndoba da Tanadgoma moipova, rac,<br />
bunebrivia, ganpirobebulia imiT, rom<br />
misi Tavmjdomare Tavad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia meorea, romelic udidesi<br />
avtoritetiT sargeblobs ara marto<br />
Tavis samSobloSi – saqarTveloSi,<br />
aramed mTel marTlmadideblur samyaroSi.<br />
ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos,<br />
rom saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis<br />
saWeTmpyroblis locva-kurTxeviT<br />
fonds hyavs uaRresad kompetenturi<br />
mmarTveli sabWo, romlis Semadgenlo-<br />
89
aSic Cveni inteligenciis TvalsaCino<br />
warmomadgenlebi arian. fonds samomavlod<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovani miznebi<br />
aqvs dasaxuli, romelTa ganxorcielebac,<br />
vfiqrobT, didad Seuwyobs xels<br />
saxelmwifoebriv aRmSeneblobas, sulierebis,<br />
kulturisa da mecnierebis<br />
Semdgom aRorZinebasa da ganviTarebas.<br />
imedi gvaqvs, rom RvTis madliT,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi patriarqis sibrZniTa<br />
da saqarTvelos mosaxleobis<br />
SewevniT fondis saqmianoba momavalSi<br />
kidev ufro warmatebuli iqneba, rac,<br />
uTuod, gulisxmobs qarTuli saxelmwifosa<br />
da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />
eklesiisadmi Tanadgomas.<br />
90
joni xecuriani<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II<br />
da konstituciuri SeTanxmeba<br />
XX saukunis miwurulsa da XXI<br />
saukunis damdegs, mesame aTaswleulis<br />
mijnaze, saqarTveloSi momxdarma umniSvnelovanesma<br />
movlenebma didi gavlena<br />
iqonia qarTveli eris politikur,ekonomikur,kulturul<br />
da sulier<br />
cxovrebaze. qveyanam aRidgina dakarguli<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba<br />
da Tavis bunebriv mdgomareobas<br />
daubrunda – gaagrZela qarTuli<br />
saxelmwifoebriobis samiaTaswlovani<br />
tradicia. amasTanave, Seudga demokratiuli,<br />
samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos<br />
mSeneblobas.<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi mSeneblobis ur-<br />
Tules problemebTan erTad gadasawyveti<br />
iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis, agreTve sxva religiuri<br />
organizaciebis samarTlebrivi<br />
mdgomareobis, saxelmwifos da eklesiis<br />
urTierTobis, rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis<br />
Tavisuflebis sakanonmdeblo<br />
reglamentaciis sakiTxebi.<br />
Tanamedrove etapze am sakiTxebis<br />
gadawyveta TiTqos ioli saqme unda<br />
y<strong>of</strong>iliyo, radganac sayovelTaodaa<br />
cnobili rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis<br />
sferoSi adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi<br />
da religiuri organizaciebis<br />
Tanasworuflebianobis saerTaSoriso<br />
samarTlebrivi standartebi. bunebrivia,<br />
demokratiuli, samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos<br />
mSenebloba moiTxovda, uwinares<br />
yovlisa, swored am sayovelTaod<br />
97<br />
aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi<br />
normebisa da principebis gadmoRebas<br />
nacionalur kanonmdeblobaSi.<br />
magram, amasTanave, gasaTvaliswinebeli<br />
iyo qarTuli saxelmwifos istoriuli<br />
gamocdileba da qarTveli eris<br />
tradiciebi.<br />
qarTveloba uZvelesi qristiani<br />
marTlmadidebeli eria. saqarTvelos<br />
mosaxleobis didi umravlesoba marTlmadidebeli<br />
qristiania, Tumca qristianuli<br />
sarwmunoebis mniSvneloba qarTvelobisaTvis<br />
mxolod morwmune mrevlis<br />
raodenobiT rodi ganisazRvreba.<br />
qristianulma marTlmadideblobam Camoayaliba<br />
mravalsaukunovani qarTuli<br />
kultura, erovnuli ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedveloba<br />
da faseulobebi. rogorc ilia WavWavaZe<br />
werda: „qristianobam Segvinaxa Cven<br />
Cveni miwa-wyali, Cveni ena, Cveni vinaoba,<br />
Cveni erovneba... qristianoba niSnavda<br />
mTels saqarTvelos... niSnavda qarTvelobas...<br />
qarTveli da qristiani erTisa<br />
da imave mniSvnelobis sityvebi arian.” <br />
qristianuli sarwmunoebis aseTi mniSvneloba<br />
qarTveli erisTvis Sedegi iyo<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesiis TavauRebeli moRvaweobisa,<br />
romelic mudam erovnul niadagze<br />
idga da udides rols asrulebda saqarTvelos<br />
damoukidebeli saxelmwifos<br />
ilia WavWavaZe. qarTveli eri da Rvawli wm.<br />
ninosi. _ wignSi: naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo.<br />
wigni I, Tbilisi, 2003 w., gv. 40.
Camoyalibebis, qarTveli eris fizikuri<br />
da sulieri gadarCenisTvis brZolis<br />
istoriul procesSi. Tamamad SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, rom qarTuli civilizaciis<br />
mTavari safuZveli swored rom mar-<br />
Tlmadidebloba iyo. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II brZanebs: „bevri<br />
ram, riTac amayobs Cveni eri literaturis,<br />
arqiteqturisa da xelovnebis sxva<br />
sferoSi, qristianuli sulierebisa da<br />
civilizaciis safuZvelze Seiqmna.” <br />
swored amitom iyo,rom istoriulad<br />
qristianuli marTlmadidebloba saqarTveloSi<br />
saxelmwifo religia iyo. es<br />
periodi yvelaze xangrZlivia da mraval<br />
saukunes iTvlis.<br />
me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTis<br />
imperiis mier saqarTvelos aneqsias<br />
Sedegad mohyva qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
gauqmeba da saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
dakargva. Cveni saxelovani winaprebis,<br />
TvalsaCino sasuliero da saero<br />
moRvaweebis, mTeli qarTuli sazogadoebis<br />
erToblivi mecadineobiTa da<br />
ZalisxmeviT 1917 wels saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebelma eklesiam aRidgina<br />
avtokefalia. ruseTis imperiaSi qar-<br />
Tuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena<br />
ara mxolod Cveni eklesiisTvis warTmeuli<br />
TviTmmarTvelobis uflebis xelaxla<br />
mopovebas niSnavda, aramed gareSe<br />
Zalebis mier gauqmebuli qarTuli<br />
saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis dasawyiss<br />
moaswavebda. marTlac, 1918 wlis 26<br />
maiss saqarTvelom saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
damoukidebloba moipova da demokratiuli<br />
respublikis formiT Camoyalibda.<br />
demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobasa<br />
da parlamentSi umravlesobas socialdemokratebi<br />
Seadgendnen, romelTa<br />
socialisturi ideologia aTeistur<br />
principebs eyrdnoboda da, bunebrivia,<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiisadmi keTilganwyobili<br />
ver iqneboda. saqarTvelos<br />
ix. naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo, wigni I,<br />
Tbilisi, 2003 w., gv. 502.<br />
pirveli respublikis konstituciiT<br />
(1921 w.), arc erT sarwmunoebas ar mieni-<br />
Wa upiratesoba, saxelmwifo da eklesia<br />
gancalkevebul subieqtebad aRiares.<br />
manamde, 1918 wlis 26 noembris kanoniT<br />
gaauqmes saRvTo sjulis swavleba da<br />
saRvTo sjulis maswavleblis Tanamdeboba<br />
„yoveli tipisa da safexuris<br />
saxazino da kerZo uflebian skolaSi.”<br />
1919 wlis 17 ivnisis kanoniT ki uqme<br />
dReTa CamonaTvalidan amoiRes sauflo<br />
dResaswaulebi. samagierod, samoqalaqo<br />
uqme dReebad gamoacxades ruseTis<br />
didi revoluciis pirveli dRe<br />
– 12 marti da internacionalis dResaswauli<br />
_ pirveli maisi. <br />
1921 wels sabWoTa ruseTis mier<br />
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis<br />
okupaciasa da aneqsias mohyva<br />
70-wliani agresiuli aTeizmis epoqa,<br />
rodesac aTeizmi saxelmwifo ideologiis<br />
rangSi iyo ayvanili. sabWouri<br />
konstituciebiT eklesia gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili<br />
iyo saxelmwifosagan, xolo skola<br />
– eklesiisagan. am periodSi eklesia,<br />
yovelgvar samarTlebriv safuZvlebs<br />
moklebuli, ganagrZobda arsebobas.<br />
saqarTvelos revkomis 1921 wlis 15<br />
aprilis dekretiT, saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebel eklesias iuridiuli<br />
piris statusi CamoerTva. komunisturi<br />
reJimis dros sarwmunoebisadmi mtrulad<br />
ganwyobili xelisuflebisagan<br />
aunazRaurebeli vneba da ziani miadga<br />
qarTul eklesias. administraciuli<br />
wesiT daxures eklesia-monastrebis<br />
umravlesoba,bevri ki dawves,daangries<br />
an aradaniSnulebisamebr gamoiyenes,<br />
mTeli saeklesio qoneba konfiskebul<br />
iqna, xolo sasuliero pirebis didi<br />
nawili – represirebuli. <br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom eklesiis<br />
98<br />
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis<br />
samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli. 1918-1921,<br />
Tbilisi, 1990 w., gv. 110, 197.<br />
ix. sergo vardosaniZe, 1917-1977 wlebis matiane.<br />
_ wignSi: naTeli qristesi _ saqarTvelo.<br />
wigni I, Tbilisi, 2003 w., gv. 476-484.
samarTlebriv mdgomareobaSi raime<br />
xelSesaxebi cvlileba ar momxdara<br />
da sabWoTa xelisufleba kvlavac<br />
ganagrZobda aTeisturi ideologiis<br />
principebis gulmodgine danergvas<br />
sazogadoebaSi,gasuli saukunis 70-iani<br />
wlebidan sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
ilia II ZalisxmeviT<br />
daiwyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis aRorZinebis rTuli procesi,<br />
romlis mizani iyo ara mxolod<br />
sakuTriv eklesiis organizaciuli da<br />
materialuri safuZvlebis ganmtkiceba,<br />
aramed qarTvel erSi „erovnuli<br />
TviT cnobis” gaRviveba, qarTuli cnobierebis<br />
dabruneba, qarTveli eris moqceva<br />
Tavisi tradiciuli religiuri<br />
da zneobrivi sawyisebisken. saqarTvelos<br />
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi qar-<br />
Tuli eklesiis rolis gazrdam didad<br />
Seuwyo xeli am wlebSi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />
moZraobis gamoRvi-<br />
Zebasa da aRmavlobas, rac 1991 wlis<br />
9 aprils saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
damoukideblobis aRdgeniT dagvirgvinda.<br />
saxelmwifos saTaveSi mosuli<br />
erovnuli xelisufleba saqarTvelos<br />
axali konstituciis miRebamde Seudga<br />
sabWoTa saqarTvelos 1978 wlis konstituciis<br />
modernizebas. cvlileba<br />
garkveulwilad Seexo saxelmwifosa<br />
da eklesiis urTierTobas. Tu konstituciis<br />
adrindel redaqciaSi aRniSnuli<br />
iyo, rom „saqarTvelos ss respublikaSi<br />
eklesia gamoy<strong>of</strong>ilia saxelmwifosgan<br />
da skola – eklesiisagan”<br />
(50-e muxli), cvlilebebis Semdeg konstituciis<br />
es debuleba ase Camoyalibda:<br />
„saqarTvelos respublikaSi eklesia<br />
gamoy<strong>of</strong>ilia saxelmwifosgan.”<br />
konstituciuri cvlilebis azridan<br />
gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saxelmwifo<br />
da eklesia gancalkevebul,<br />
erTmaneTisgan damoukidebel subieqtebad<br />
arian miCneulni, Tumca amasve<br />
ver vityviT skolisa da eklesiis urTierTobaze.<br />
konstitucia eklesiisa da<br />
skolis urTierTobas pirdapir da<br />
imperatiulad aRar krZalavda. amis<br />
Sedegad zogierTma saswavlebelma im<br />
wlebSi Tavisi iniciativiT aRadgina<br />
saRvTo sjulis swavleba. erovnuli<br />
xelisuflebis iniciativiT, amasTanave,<br />
gauqmda qarTveli erisaTvis ucxo<br />
dResaswaulebi da aRdga tradiciuli,<br />
maT Soris sauflo dResaswaulebi,<br />
riTac xelisuflebam daadastura Tavisi<br />
keTilganwyoba eklesiis mimarT. <br />
cnobili garemoebebis gamo saxelmwifosa<br />
da eklesiis urTierTobis samar-<br />
Tlebrivi mowesrigebis RonisZiebebi<br />
maSin, samwuxarod, amiT amoiwura.<br />
1993 wlidan saqarTveloSi daiwyo<br />
konstituciuri procesi, romelic<br />
or-naxevari weli mimdinareobda ukiduresad<br />
daZabuli Sidapolitikuri<br />
viTarebis pirobebSi da romlis mizani<br />
iyo damoukidebeli saqarTvelos rigiT<br />
meore konstituciis SemuSaveba.<br />
umTavresi sakiTxi, romelic konstituciuri<br />
procesis yvela etapze cxare<br />
diskusiebis sagans warmoadgenda<br />
da mravaljer ganicada cvlileba,<br />
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sakiTxi<br />
iyo, radganac igi uSualod iyo dakavSirebuli<br />
im periodSi xelisuflebisaTvis<br />
gaCaRebul brZolasTan. amitom<br />
man Tavisi aqtualurobiT daCrdila<br />
sxva aranakleb mniSvnelovani saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi,<br />
maT Soris saxelmwifosa<br />
da eklesiis urTierTobis<br />
konstituciur-samarTlebrivi reglamentaciis<br />
problemebi. sakonstitucio<br />
komisiaSi diskusiebi saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesiis urTierTobis problemaze<br />
saerTod ar gamarTula, xolo qveynis<br />
ZiriTadi kanonis proeqtis TiTqmis yvela<br />
variantSi ucvlelad iyo moyvanili<br />
am sakiTxis gadawyvetis trafaretuli<br />
debulebebi: saxelmwifo da eklesia<br />
erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelia da uzrunvely<strong>of</strong>ilia<br />
rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis<br />
Tavisufleba. konstituciis<br />
99<br />
ix. daviT CikvaiZe, saeklesio samarTlis sakiix.<br />
daviT CikvaiZe, saeklesio samarTlis saki-<br />
Txebi, wigni I, Tbilisi, 2004 w., gv. 40.
proeqtis SemuSavebis daskvniT etapze<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II iniciativiT saxelmwifosa<br />
da eklesiis urTierTobis zemoaRniSnul<br />
debulebas daemata, erTi SexedviT,<br />
TiTqos deklaraciuli, magram Tavisi<br />
azriT metad mniSvnelovani winadadeba:<br />
„saxelmwifo aRiarebs qarTuli<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gansakuTrebul<br />
rols saqarTvelos istoriaSi.”<br />
radganac es Canaweri qarTuli<br />
eklesiis rols retrospeqtivaSi<br />
ganixilavda, politikurad uaRresad<br />
mravalspeqtrian parlamentSi masze<br />
yuradReba ar gamaxvilebula saqarTvelos<br />
konstituciis saboloo teqstis<br />
miRebisas.<br />
amrigad, sruliad saqarTvelos ka-<br />
Tolikos-patriarqis winadadebis gaTvaliswinebiT,saqarTvelos<br />
axalma (1995<br />
wlis) konstituciam saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesias Soris urTierTobis gansaz-<br />
Rvrisas sami umniSvnelovanesi principi<br />
daadgina:<br />
pirveli, eklesia damoukidebelia<br />
saxelmwifosgan;<br />
meore, saxelmwifo acxadebs rwmenisa<br />
da aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas;<br />
mesame, saxelmwifo aRiarebs qarTuli<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebul<br />
rols saqarTvelos istoriaSi.<br />
axlad miRebuli konstituciis ZalaSi<br />
Sesvlis Semdeg farTod gaiSala<br />
samarTalSemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba<br />
konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
100<br />
kanonebis miRebis, saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis TiTqmis<br />
yvela sferoSi sakanonmdeblo safuZvlebis<br />
Seqmnisa da moqmedi kanonmdeblobis<br />
mTeli masivis konstitucias-<br />
Tan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis mizniT.<br />
dRis wesrigSi dadga religiuri<br />
gaerTianebebis Sesaxeb kanonis miRebis<br />
sakiTxic. samTavrobo Tu arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis mier SemuSavebuli<br />
kanonproeqtebi, rogorc wesi, erTi<br />
sakanonmdeblo aqtiT yvela religiuri<br />
gaerTianebis samarTlebrivi statusis<br />
gansazRvris mcdelobas warmoadgenda.<br />
iyo agreTve winadadebebi konfesiebis<br />
tradiciul da aratradiciul religiur<br />
gaerTianebebad day<strong>of</strong>isa da, Sesabamisad,<br />
maTi gansxvavebuli samarTlebrivi<br />
reglamentaciis Sesaxeb.<br />
imTaviTve cxadi gaxda, rom erT<br />
sakanonmdeblo sibrtyeze yvela religiuri<br />
gaerTianebis samarTlebrivi<br />
mdgomareobis da maT saqmianobasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli urTierTobebis mowesrigeba<br />
ar iqneboda marTebuli. saqme<br />
isaa, rom saqarTvelos konstitucia,<br />
garda imisa,rom acxadebda rwmenisa da<br />
aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas,<br />
saxelmwifosgan eklesiis damoukideblobas,amave<br />
dros,rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,<br />
aRiarebda qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis gansakuTrebul rols<br />
saqarTvelos istoriaSi. am istoriul<br />
rols emateboda isic, rom aRorZinebuli<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia sul<br />
ufro mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda<br />
qarTveli eris sulier cxovrebaSi<br />
ara marto warsulSi, aramed dResac,<br />
Tanamedrove pirobebSi. amitom saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis es<br />
gansakuTrebuli roli da mniSvneloba<br />
moiTxovda misi samarTlebrivi reglamentaciis<br />
araordinarul gadawyvetas.<br />
amocana metad rTuli iyo, magram<br />
moiZebna istoriuli da iuridiuli<br />
TvalsazrisiT misi gadawyvetis mar-<br />
Tebuli forma. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II winadadebiT,<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesis statusis da misi samar-<br />
Tlebrivi mdgomareobis sakiTxebis<br />
gansazRvrisaTvis saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesias, rogorc or damoukidebel<br />
subieqts Soris konstituciuri SeTanxmeba<br />
unda dadebuliyo. „saxelmwifosa<br />
da eklesias Soris urTierToba Tanamedrove<br />
etapze, _ brZanebda patriarqi, _<br />
gansxvavebul midgomas moiTxovs, rac
ganpirobebulia qveynis Sidapolitikuri<br />
mowyobiT da aseve saerTaSoriso<br />
situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
saxelmwifosa da eklesias<br />
Soris urTierTobis yvelaze misaReb<br />
formad miCneul iqna konstituciuri<br />
SeTanxmeba.” <br />
konstituciuri SeTanxmeba sruliad<br />
axali instituti iyo qarTul samar-<br />
TalSi. am SeTanxmebas konstituciuri<br />
imitom ewoda, rom misi dadebis Sesa-<br />
Zlebloba, procedurebi da subieqtTa<br />
wre mxolod saxelmwifos ZiriTadi<br />
kanoniT unda gansazRvruliyo. amasTanave,<br />
konstituciur SeTanxmebas qveynis<br />
ZiriTadi kanonis Semdeg upiratesi iuridiuli<br />
Zala eqneboda sxva samarTlebrivi<br />
aqtebis mimarT.<br />
saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris<br />
urTierTobis aseTi forma, bunebrivia,<br />
konstituciur cvlilebebs moiTxovda.<br />
2000 wels am mizniT gamoqveynebuli<br />
konstituciuri cvlilebebis kanonproeqtis<br />
ganxilva mwvave diskusiebiT<br />
warimarTa, romelSic monawileobdnen<br />
rogorc samTavrobo, ise arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi, sasuliero Tu<br />
saero pirebi, mecnierebi, specialistebi,<br />
politikuri partiebi, umaRlesi<br />
skolebi da sxv. gamoiTqva mosazrebebi,<br />
rom konstituciuri SeTanxmebisTvis<br />
esoden maRali iuridiuli Zalis<br />
miniWeba gamoiwvevda religiuri organizaciebis<br />
Tanasworuflebianobis<br />
darRvevas, rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis<br />
Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb adamianis uflebebis<br />
Selaxvas, marTlmadideblobis<br />
saxelmwifo religiad gadaqcevas da<br />
a.S. am mosazrebebis usafuZvloba damajereblad<br />
da argumentirebulad iqna<br />
dasabuTebuli kanonproeqtis sajaro<br />
ganxilvisas. sabolood, saRma azrma<br />
gaimarjva da saqarTvelos umaRlesi<br />
aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba<br />
darwmunda konstituciuri<br />
SeTanxmebis institutis SemoRebis<br />
mizanSewonilobaSi.<br />
2001 wlis 30 marts saqarTvelos<br />
konstituciaSi Setanili cvlilebebis<br />
Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa<br />
da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaliuri<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
urTierToba ganisazRvra konstituciuri<br />
SeTanxmebiT.<br />
zemoaRniSnulma konstituciurma<br />
cvlilebebma sakanonmdeblo safuZveli<br />
Seqmnes saxelmwifosa da eklesias<br />
Soris konstituciuri SeTanxmebis<br />
dadebisTvis, rac ganxorcielda kidec<br />
2002 wlis 14 oqtombers. mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis<br />
sapatriarqo taZarSi konstituciur<br />
SeTanxmebas xeli moaweres<br />
saqarTvelos saxeliT saqarTvelos<br />
prezidentma da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />
avtokefaliuri marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis saxeliT – sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqma.<br />
xelmoweris ceremoniisas kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />
ilia II aseTi sityvebiT<br />
mimarTa saqarTvelos prezidents:<br />
„bunebrivia, araerTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />
dokumentisTvis gaqvT xeli mowerili,<br />
magram vfiqrob, eris sasicocxlo interesebidan<br />
gamomdinare, es SeTanxmeba<br />
erT-erTi yvelaze gamorCeulia. uflis<br />
nebis gareSe araferi xdeba.” <br />
konstituciur SeTanxmebaSi saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />
aRiarebulia sajaro samarTlis iuridiul<br />
pirad, gansazRvrulia eklesiis<br />
uflebamosilebebi kulturulsaganmanaTleblo,<br />
Tavdacvis, iusticiis,<br />
socialuri dacvis sferoebSi, eklesiis<br />
sakuTrebad gamocxadebulia saqarTvelos<br />
mTel teritoriaze arsebuli<br />
marTlmadidebluri taZrebi, monastrebi,<br />
miwis nakveTebi, saxelmwifo dacva-<br />
Si (muzeumebSi, sacavebSi) arsebuli<br />
saeklesio saganZuri. saxelmwifo adasturebs<br />
XIX_XX saukuneebSi, saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
damoukideblobis dakargvis<br />
periodSi eklesiisaTvis materialuri<br />
ix. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 w. 18-24 oqtomberi,<br />
gv. 4.<br />
101<br />
ix. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 w. 18-24 oqtomix.<br />
sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 w. 18-24 oqtomberi,<br />
gv. 5.
da moraluri zianis miyenebis faqts<br />
da iRebs valdebulebas materialuri<br />
zianis nawilobriv kompensaciaze.<br />
konstituciuri SeTanxmeba mtkice<br />
samarTlebrivi safuZvelia saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis.<br />
masSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis<br />
Setana SesaZlebeli iqneba mxolod<br />
saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTSe-<br />
TanxmebiT. amasTanave, saxelmwifo organoebis<br />
mier konstituciuri SeTanxmebis<br />
normebisa da principebis sawinaaRmdegod<br />
gamocemul samarTlebriv<br />
aqtebs iuridiuli Zala ar eqnebaT.<br />
konstituciuri SeTanxmebis dadebas<br />
unda mohyoloda mTeli wyeba normatiuli<br />
aqtebisa, romlebic moawesrigebdnen<br />
jvrisweris saxelmwifo aRiarebis,samxedro-sajariso<br />
formirebeb-<br />
Si, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi<br />
moZRvris institutis SemoRebis, saganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebebSi marTlmadidebluri<br />
sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb sagnis<br />
swavlebis, kulturuli memkvidreobis<br />
dacvisa da sargeblobis, eklesiisaTvis<br />
miyenebuli materialuri zianis<br />
kompensaciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT<br />
saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris warmoSobil<br />
urTierTobebs.<br />
miuxedavad saqarTvelos prezidentis<br />
2003 wlis 7 ianvris brZanebulebisa,<br />
samwuxarod, es sakiTxebi jerjerobiT<br />
Seuswavleli da gadauwyveteli rCeba,<br />
ris gamoc konstituciuri SeTanxmebis<br />
mniSvnelovani debulebebis amoqmedeba<br />
ferxdeba. rogorc Cans, jer kidev ar<br />
dasrulebula saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesias<br />
Soris urTierTobis momwesrigebeli<br />
sakanonmdeblo aqtebis Seqmnis procesi.<br />
vfiqrobT, am sferoSi samarTal-<br />
Semoqmedebis gaaqtiureba unda icqes<br />
Cveni sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis<br />
erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebad.<br />
amasTan dakavSirebiT, sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
ilia II brZanebs:<br />
„konstituciuri SeTanxmeba aris didmniSvnelovani<br />
nabiji da movlena. magram,<br />
amave dros, es aris mxolod ZiriTadi<br />
mimarTulebis ganmsazRvreli xelSekruleba,<br />
romlis ganxorcieleba unda<br />
moxdes saxelmwifos mxridan sxvadasxva<br />
samarTlebrivi aqtebis miRebiT.<br />
iwyeba axali etapi saxelmwifosa<br />
da eklesias Soris urTierTobisa da<br />
is yoveldRiur did Sromas moiTxovs.<br />
dRes Cven yvelam kidev ufro meti pasuxismgebloba<br />
aviReT RvTis, erTmaneTisa<br />
da sazogadoebis winaSe da es<br />
bevrs gvavalebs.” <br />
102<br />
ix. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 wlis 18-24 oqix.<br />
sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2002 wlis 18-24 oqtomberi,<br />
gv. 4-5.
kacisTvis ekiTxa, sad midioda, mas ki<br />
pasuxad gaeca _ romSi mivdivar mis<br />
dasapyrobado, SemkiTxveli aucileblad<br />
ifiqrebda, rom ucnauri mgzavri<br />
an Tavis gonebaze aRar iyo, an sizmars<br />
xedavda. magram Cven viciT, rom petre<br />
mociqulma pavle mociqulTan erTad<br />
marTlac daipyro uzarmazari imperiis<br />
mrisxane dedaqalaqi romi, romlis<br />
moqalaqenic gansakuTrebuli qedmaRlobiT<br />
gamoirCeodnen, da daipyro igi<br />
sityviT.<br />
SeuZlebelia, vinmes ukeT esmodes<br />
Zala sityvisa _ logosisa, vidre WeSmarit<br />
qristians, romelic Tayvans<br />
scems sityva RmerTs, ieso qristes. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, qristiani moazrovneni<br />
gansakuTrebiT ufrTxildebodnen<br />
da pativs scemdnen saerTod sityvas<br />
da, cxadia, adamianis sulieri zrdisa<br />
da ganviTarebisaTvis sityvieri xelovnebis<br />
mniSvnelobac kargad esmodaT.<br />
maT icodnen, rom rogorc sxeuli<br />
ganmtkicebisa da moqmedebisaTvis<br />
aucileblad saWiroebs materialur<br />
sakvebs, aseve saWiroebs sazrdels sulic,<br />
romelsac misTvis WeSmaritebis<br />
sityva warmoadgens da romelic mas<br />
RmrTisa da moyvasis samsaxuris Zalas<br />
aZlevs. amasTan, ramdenadac qristianoba<br />
adamianze, romelic Semoqmedma Tavisufali<br />
nebiT daajildova, yovelgvar<br />
Zaldatanebas gamoricxavs, yvela qveyanaSi,<br />
sadac ki qristes moZRvreba gavrgvanca<br />
koplataZe<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />
unetaresis ilia II saganmanaTleblo-sagamomcemlo moRvaweoba<br />
efeselTa mimarT epistoleSi pavle<br />
mociquli qristes mimdevrebs aswavlis,rogor<br />
aRiWurvon WeSmaritebis<br />
dasacavad materialur samyaroSi, sadac<br />
sulni ukeTurebisani batonoben,<br />
kerZod, farad sarwmunoebis, xolo<br />
maxvilad RmrTis sityvis gamoyenebas<br />
urCevs: `yovelsa Sina aRiReT fari<br />
igi sarwmunoebisa, romliTa SeuZloT<br />
yovelTa maT isarTa borotisaTa ganxurvebulTa<br />
daSretad. da Cafxuti igi<br />
cxovrebisaÁ daidgiT da maxvili igi<br />
sulisaÁ, romel ars sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ~<br />
(ef. 6, 16-17).<br />
marTlac, qristianul sarwmunoebas,<br />
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs WeSmariti<br />
qristianuli sarwmunoeba, Tavisi arsebobis<br />
manZilze sxva iaraRi arc gamouyenebia<br />
da arc erT qveyanaSi ZaldatanebiTa<br />
da fizikuri ganadgurebis<br />
SiSiT ar gavrcelebula. mociqulebma,<br />
mociqulTa mowafeebma da, saerTod,<br />
pirvelma qristianulma eklesiam, romelic<br />
daaxloebiT 120-mde wevrs iTvlida,<br />
macxovris moZRvreba imdroindel<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi mxolod sityvis ZaliT,<br />
qadagebiT gaavrceles. erT Tavis<br />
qadagebaSi wm. ioane oqropiri, roca<br />
qristianobis, rogorc erTdaerTi WeSmariti<br />
religiis, Sesaxeb saubrobs,<br />
msmenelebs mimarTavs, warmoidginon<br />
kaci, romelic ierusalimidan gamovida<br />
da gzas daadga mxolod joxiTa da<br />
ramdenime wigniT xelSi. vinmes rom am<br />
103
104<br />
celda, eklesia xalxSi ganaTlebis<br />
Setanas cdilobda, raTa adamianebs<br />
sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis miRebisas<br />
Tavisufali arCevanis gakeTebis<br />
SesaZlebloba miscemodaT. ase rom,<br />
qristianoba da wigniereba Tavidanve<br />
ganuy<strong>of</strong>el cnebebad iqca da qristes<br />
moZRvrebis gavrcelebas qristianuli<br />
mecnierebisa da filos<strong>of</strong>iis warmoSobac<br />
umokles droSi mohyva. saxarebis<br />
pirveli mkvlevari pavle mociquli<br />
brZandeboda, xolo pirveli qristiani<br />
filos<strong>of</strong>osi wm. mowame iustine<br />
II saukuneSi moRvaweobda. pirvelive<br />
saukuneebSi warmoiSva da Camoyalibda,<br />
agreTve, sasuliero mwerloba Tavisi<br />
mravalferovani dargebiT. amitom<br />
qristianTa sulebisaTvis gamzadebul<br />
tablas Tavidanve amSvenebda sameufo<br />
sazrdeli _ RmrTeebrivi sityva anu<br />
sasuliero mwerloba, romelic miwieri<br />
y<strong>of</strong>is moTxovnilebebiT gauxeSebuli<br />
gulebisaTvis igivea, rac zeTi<br />
Camqrali kandelisa da wvima gvalviT<br />
gaficxebuli, damskdari miwisaTvis.<br />
Cveni xalxi im erTa ricxvs ekuTvnis,<br />
romelnic, RmrTis wyalobiT,<br />
qristes naTels pirvelive saukuneSi<br />
eziarnen; meoTxe saukunidan moyolebuli<br />
ki, roca qristianoba saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadda, rCeuli<br />
Svilebis Tavdadebuli moRvaweobis<br />
Sedegad,patara saqarTvelo cdilobda<br />
mwignobrobisa da ganaTlebis saqmeSi<br />
qristianuli kulturis akvnis _ TviT<br />
bizantiis imperiisaTvisac ki ar daedo<br />
toli. amaze rogorc originaluri qarTuli<br />
sasuliero mwerloba, romelic<br />
bizantiurs mxolod raodenobrivad<br />
Tu CamorCeba, aseve sxva enebidan, upiratesad<br />
ki berZnulidan Targmnili<br />
didZali saRmrTismetyvelo literaturac<br />
metyvelebs. aqve SevniSnavT, rom<br />
Targmnili Zeglebi, rogorc qarTuli<br />
enis araCveulebriv gamomsaxvelobiT<br />
Zalas, romelic Sesabamisad misi Semqmneli<br />
xalxis azrovnebis maRal doneze<br />
miuTiTebs, aseve mTargmnelTa RmrTivsulierebasa<br />
da maRalniWierebasac<br />
adastureben.<br />
ra Tqma unda, qveyanaSi saganmanaTleblo<br />
saqmianobas ZiriTadad<br />
eklesia da misi saukeTeso moRvaweni<br />
warmarTavdnen. IX saukunidan qarTul<br />
eklesia-monastrebTan rogorc CvenSi,<br />
ise sazRvargareTac ramdenime mZlavri<br />
saliteraturo skola Seiqmna. taoklarjeTsa<br />
Tu sinisa da aTonis mTaze<br />
moRvawe qarTveli mwignobari berebi,<br />
romelTac kargad esmodaT, rom qveynis<br />
simtkicis upirvelesi burji swori<br />
sarwmunoeba da masze dafuZnebuli<br />
maRali zneoba iyo, dResa da Rames asworebdnen,<br />
raTa qarTvelTa sulier<br />
tablas siuxve da mravalferovneba ar<br />
mohkleboda.<br />
samwuxarod,jer XIII saukuneSi mon-<br />
Rolebis Semosevam, xolo Semdeg, XV<br />
saukuneSi bizantiis imperiis dacemam,<br />
ris Sedegadac qarTuli saxelmwifo<br />
mahmadianur zRvaSi Cakarguli patara<br />
kunZuli aRmoCnda, es gacxovelebuli<br />
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo moRvaweoba<br />
karga xniT SeaCera. bunebrivia,<br />
sulieri sazrdelis moklebam Cvens<br />
erovnul saxesac da zneobasac Tavisi<br />
mZime daRi daasva. amitomac erisa<br />
da qveynis bedze dafiqrebulma mamuliSvilebma<br />
qristianul samyarosTan<br />
dasakavSireblad axali gzebis Zieba<br />
daiwyes. SeuZlebelia uary<strong>of</strong>a imisa,<br />
rom miuxedavad saxelmwifoebriobisa<br />
da politikuri Tavisuflebis dakargvisa,<br />
marTlmadideblur ruseTTan<br />
SeerTebis Sedegad qarTul saRmrTismetyvelo<br />
azrovnebas, iseve rogorc<br />
saerTod qarTul mwerlobas,romelsac<br />
sxva qristianul erebTan kulturuli<br />
urTierTobis saSualeba didi xnis<br />
ganmavlobaSi warTmeuli hqonda, erTgvari<br />
aRorZineba daetyo; samwuxarod,<br />
es procesi ruseTis qristianuli imperiis<br />
ZaliT damxobam da mis nangrevebze<br />
aTeisturi imperiis Seqmnam Sewyvita,<br />
romelmac Tavi uwinaresad sarwmunoebisa<br />
da eklesiis devniT gamoiC-
105<br />
ina. calke saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi<br />
mahmadianTa TareSiTa da calke XIX<br />
saukuneSi aTeisturi mecnierebisa da<br />
filos<strong>of</strong>iis zegavleniT Seryeul rwmenas<br />
Cvens qveyanaSi mZime gansacdelis<br />
Jami daudga. marTalia, eklesiam arseboba<br />
saswaulebrivad SeinarCuna, magram<br />
mas misi erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqcia<br />
_ saganmanaTleblo-sagamomcemlo<br />
saqmianobis warmarTva ZaliT waarTves,<br />
xolo sasuliero literaturis Seqmna-Targmnasa<br />
da gamocemaze laparakic<br />
ar SeiZleboda.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT viTareba ukeTesisaken<br />
gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebis<br />
miwurulSi Seicvala, roca saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesias saTaveSi<br />
axlad aRsaydrebuli patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II Caudga.<br />
ramdenadac qristes mimdevrebad<br />
ara monebi, aramed megobrebi sWirdeba<br />
(in. XV, 15), amitom misi eklesia yovelTvis<br />
gansakuTrebulad zrunavda<br />
ara mxolod moZRvarTa, aramed samwysos<br />
ganaTlebazec, raTa mas RmrTis<br />
arseboba ara mxolod intuiciurad da<br />
misi Zlierebisadmi SiSis gamo erwmuna,<br />
aramed guliT, gonebiTa da suliT, anu<br />
mTeli arsebiT Seeyvarebina (mk. XII, 30).<br />
Zalian kargad moexseneboda ra es, jer<br />
kidev saqarTvelos sapatriarqo taxtze<br />
aRsaydrebamde uwmidesis aqtiuri<br />
monawileobiT, mravali wlis iZulebi-<br />
Ti wyvetilobis Semdeg, saqarTveloSi<br />
pirveli sasuliero saminaria gaixsna<br />
mcxeTaSi, romlis pirveli reqtoric<br />
TviTon brZandeboda; xolo 1988 wels,<br />
rva saukunis Semdeg, Cvens qveyanaSi<br />
pirvelad amoqmedda sasuliero akademia<br />
TbilisSi, romelsac kaTolikospatriarqma<br />
miznad gelaTis saxelovani<br />
akademiis saukeTeso tradiciebis aRdgena-gagrZeleba<br />
dausaxa. Tbilisis<br />
sasuliero seminariasa da akademias,<br />
garda ganswavluli moZRvrebis momzadebisa,<br />
uwinaresad RmrTismetyvelebis<br />
yvelaze aqtualur sakiTxebze muSaobac<br />
evaleboda, raTa is udidesi sulieri<br />
saunje, romelic winaprebma Cveni<br />
tragikuli istoriis qartexilebs gamoatares<br />
da Seuryvnelad Semogvinaxes<br />
_ WeSmariti rwmena _ marTlmadidebloba,<br />
sxvadasxva religiis ideolog-<br />
Ta faruli Tu aSkara mtrobisagan daecva.<br />
am Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma axalgaxsnili<br />
akademiis pedagogebad qarTuli mecnierebis<br />
moRvaweni moiwvia.<br />
akademiaSi sami _ RmrTismetyvelebis,<br />
qristianuli anTropologiisa<br />
da qristianuli xelovnebaTmcodneobis<br />
fakulteti da ramdenime kaTedra<br />
daarsda: RmrTismetyvelebis, saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis istoriis, religiaTmcodeobis,<br />
qarTuli literaturisa da<br />
xelovnebaTmcodneobis. akademiasTan<br />
Seiqmna, agreTve, saRmrTismetyvelo,<br />
dekoratiuli mebaReobisa da ekologiisa<br />
da samedicino institutebi, romlebSic<br />
vaJebTan erTad gogonebic<br />
swavloben da SerCeul pr<strong>of</strong>esias euflebian.<br />
Tbilisis sasuliero akademiasa<br />
da seminariasTan funqcionirebs, aseve,<br />
xatweris, qargvis da galobis Semswavleli<br />
skolebi, sadac yvela msurvels,<br />
visac amis Sesaferisi monacemebi aqvs,<br />
SeuZlia, RmrTisgan mimadlebuli niWi<br />
ganaviTaros da arCeul saqmes moaxmros.<br />
calke saubris Temaa kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />
rogorc reqtoris (ramdenime<br />
welia igi Tbilisis sasuliero<br />
akademiisa da seminariis reqtori<br />
brZandeba) damokidebuleba pr<strong>of</strong>esormaswavleblebsa<br />
da studentebTan. misi<br />
gulisxmiereba marTlac gansacvifrebelia.<br />
igi cdilobs yuradRebis gareSe<br />
aravin datovos da mzrunveloba<br />
da siTbo yovel maTgans agrZnobinos.<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis pedagogiur<br />
moRvaweobas safuZvlad udevs rwmena<br />
imisa, rom maswavlebelsa da moswavles,<br />
studentsa da pr<strong>of</strong>esors Soris<br />
urTierTobas siyvaruli da urTierTpativiscema<br />
unda gansazRvravdes da
ara pedagogTa mxridan sakuTari upiratesobis<br />
warmoCena, xolo axalgazrdobis<br />
mxridan SiSi da sakuTari arasrulfasovnebis<br />
SegrZneba. amitomac<br />
misi yoveli mobrZaneba akademiasa da<br />
seminariaSi rogorc studentebis, ise<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>esor-maswavleblebisTvisac dResaswaulad<br />
iqceva xolme.<br />
sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa da ni-<br />
Wierebis warmosaCenad kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
axalgazrdebs xSirad avalebs<br />
TxzulebaTa daweras sxvadasxva problemur<br />
sakiTxze da Semdeg pedagogTa<br />
da studentTa TandaswrebiT yuradRebiT<br />
ismens, rac axalgazrdebisaTvis<br />
ara mxolod pativs, aramed Semdgomi<br />
muSaobisaTvis udides stimulsac warmoadgens.<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ZalisxmeviT akademiisa da seminariis<br />
studentebs saSualeba miecaT Tavian-<br />
Ti SemoqmedebiTi Zalebi sakuTar JurnalSi<br />
mosinjon.<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
saganmanaTleblo moRvaweoba mxolod<br />
religiur sferos ar moicavs.<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tbilisis sasuliero<br />
akademiasTan misi kurTxeviT<br />
dekoratiuli mebaReobisa da ekologiis<br />
da samedicino institutebi gaixsna,<br />
xolo am bolo dros misi uwmidesoba<br />
aqtiurad iRvwis marTlmadidebluri<br />
universitetis dasafuZneblad,<br />
romelSic qarTveli axalgazrdebi<br />
humanitarul mecnierebebTan er-<br />
Tad sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebsac<br />
Seiswavlian.<br />
aRsaydrebidan umokles droSi, 1978<br />
wels sapatriarqoSi, romelsac manamde<br />
mxolod saeklesio kalendris gamocemis<br />
ufleba hqonda, uwmidesis ZalisxmeviT<br />
sagamomcemlo gany<strong>of</strong>ileba<br />
Seiqmna da gamosvla daiwyo sapatriarqos<br />
periodulma beWdviTma organom<br />
_ Jurnalma `jvari vazisa~. am faqt-<br />
Tan dakavSirebiT warmoTqmul qadagebaSi<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi madlobas<br />
swiravda RmerTs, romelmac is<br />
saqme aRasrulebina, mravali aTeuli<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi Taobebis fiqrisa<br />
da zrunvis sagans rom Seadgenda. Jurnalma,<br />
romelSic Cveni eklesiis istoriis,<br />
saSinao cxovrebis amsaxveli<br />
masalebi sistematurad ibeWdeboda,<br />
eklesiisa da sazogadoebis daaxloebis<br />
saqmeSi Tavisi roli udavod Seasrula.<br />
80-ian wlebSi gamoica, agreTve,<br />
ramdenime saRmrTismetyvelo krebuli,<br />
romlebSic, sxva rom yvelafers Tavi<br />
davaneboT, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero<br />
mwerlobis ramdenime sayuradRebo Zegli<br />
daibeWda.<br />
1989 wels sapatriarqom dabeWda qarTul<br />
enaze Sesrulebuli bibliis axali<br />
Targmani, aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli<br />
da axali aRTqmis wignebis Targmnis<br />
process,miuxedavad mouclelobisa,Tavad<br />
misi uwmidesoba zedamxedvelobda.<br />
igi piradad xvdeboda mTargmnelebs da<br />
wmida werilis teqstSi CawvdomisaTvis<br />
mraval sayuradRebo rCevasac aZlevda.<br />
SesaZlebelia, am axali Targmanis<br />
mimarT mkiTxvels SeniSvnebi gauCndes,<br />
magram im faqtis uary<strong>of</strong>a, rom misi gamocemiT<br />
mainc didi saqme gakeTda, ar<br />
SeiZleba. marTalia,RmrTismsaxurebaSi<br />
Zveli qarTuli Targmani darCa, magram<br />
mkiTxvelTa farTo wrem misTvis gasageb<br />
Tanamedrove qarTul enaze miiRo<br />
wigni, romlis codnac aucilebelia<br />
WeSmariti ganaTlebis SesaZenad.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom am faqtis Semdeg<br />
sapatriarqoSi Seiqmna jgufi, romelic<br />
protopresviter giorgi gamrekelis<br />
xelmZRvanelobiT axali aRTqmis wignebis<br />
axal qarTul enaze gadmosaRebad<br />
muSaobs.<br />
1990 wlis 15 aprils, ieso qristes<br />
brwyinvale aRdgomis dRes, uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis RvawliTa da locvakurTxeviT<br />
sapatriarqos gazeTis _<br />
`madlis~ pirveli nomeri gamovida.<br />
aqve SevniSnavT, rom msgavsad Jurnalisa,<br />
gazeTsac saxelwodeba Tavad misma<br />
uwmidesobam SeurCia. rogorc Tvi-<br />
Tonve brZana, gazeTs es saxeli imisTvis<br />
ewoda, rom igi `xalxisTvis sarw-<br />
106
munoebis, sikeTis, siyvarulis, codnisa<br />
da madlis mimniWebeli y<strong>of</strong>iliyo~. gamocemidan<br />
aTi wlis Tavze Cveni eris<br />
sulieri aRirZinebisaTvis `madlis~<br />
mniSvneloba kaTolikos-patriarqma ase<br />
Seafasa: `gazeTma namdvilad gaamarTla<br />
da mizans miaRwia~. xolo, roca gazeTs<br />
TxuTmeti weli Seusrulda,brZana: moxda<br />
saswauli da gazeTma `madlma~ madli<br />
moitana saqarTveloSio. marTalac,<br />
albaT, arcTu ise didia im gazeTebis<br />
ricxvi, romelTa mier gamoqveynebul<br />
masalebze, arsebobis SedarebiT mokle<br />
droSi, ramdenime wigni daibeWda.<br />
aTeisturi mwerlobis mravalricxovani<br />
Zeglebis, fsevd<strong>of</strong>ilos<strong>of</strong>iurisa<br />
da fsevdomecnieruli wignebisaTvis,<br />
romelTac am bolo wlebSi<br />
niaRvariviT momskdari seqtanturi<br />
literaturac daemata, sapatriarqos<br />
gamomcemlobas, uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
locva-kurTxeviT, RmrTeebrivi<br />
swavlebis WeSmariteba da sidiade<br />
unda daepirispirebina, romelic Seqmnil<br />
qaosSi adamianebs sulis gadarCenaSi<br />
daexmareboda da Seeweoda.<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kur-<br />
Txevis Sesasruleblad gamomcemlobam<br />
upirvelesad axali aRTqmis dabeWdvaze<br />
izruna da 1995 wels mkiTxvels<br />
misi giorgi mTawmidliseuli redaqcia<br />
miawoda, romelic Cvens sinamdvileSi<br />
axali aRTqmis kritikulad dadgenili<br />
teqstis pirvel srul gamocemas warmoadgenda.<br />
igive teqsti qristeSobis<br />
oriaTasi wlis aRsaniSnavad meoredac<br />
gamoica, xolo 2003 wels mesamed daibe-<br />
Wda.<br />
saRmrTo werilis sxva wignebidan<br />
didi tiraJiT gamoica wm. mefisa da<br />
winaswarmetyvelis daviTis `fsalmunni~,romelic<br />
morwmune qristianisaTvis<br />
samagido wigns warmoadgens. aRsaniS-<br />
107<br />
navia, rom fsalmunTa yoveldRiuri<br />
kiTxvis wesis aRdgenaca da mkiTxvel-<br />
Ta jgufebis Seqmnac uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II saxels ukavSirdeba.<br />
gamomcemlobam am SemTxvevaSic fsalmunTa<br />
giorgi mTawmidliseuli Targmanis<br />
kritikulad dadgenili teqsti<br />
dabeWda, romelsac Tan eklesiis dogmaturi<br />
swavleba yovladwmida samebaze<br />
da wm. mamaTa mier daviT winaswarmetyvelis<br />
sagaloblebidan gamokrebili<br />
winaswarmetyvelebani daurTo.<br />
wmida werilis teqstebis WeSmariti<br />
Sinaarsis wvdoma rom eklesiis RmrTivganbrZnobilTa<br />
moZRvarTa mier maTTvis<br />
gakeTebuli komentarebis gareSe<br />
Wirs,es sadavo ar unda iyos. zemoTqmulis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, misi uwmidesobis<br />
locva-kurTxeviT, gamomcemlobaSi<br />
Zv. berZnulidan iTargmna da gamoica<br />
mose winaswarmetyvelis `Sesaqmisa~ da<br />
daviTis fsalmunTa komentarebi, romelic<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio eklesiis moZRvars, wm.<br />
basili dids ekuTvnis. marTalia, Zvel<br />
qarTul mwerlobaSi basili didis<br />
`equsTa dReTac~ da `fsalmunis~ komentarebic<br />
Targmnili iyo, magram maTi<br />
Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo<br />
enaze Targmna mainc saWirod miviCnieT,<br />
raTa es saRmrTismetyvelo azrisa da<br />
metyvelebis silamaziT gamorCeuli<br />
Txzulebani mkiTxvelTa rac SeiZleba<br />
farTo wrisaTvis y<strong>of</strong>iliyo xelmisawvdomi.<br />
pirvelad iTargmna qarTul enaze<br />
netari Te<strong>of</strong>ilaqte bulgarelis maTes<br />
saxarebis komentarebi, romelic gamomcemlobam<br />
2006 wels gamosca.<br />
sasuliero saswavleblebis studenti<br />
axalgazrdobisa da,saerTod,sazogadoebis<br />
im nawilisaTvis, romelsac<br />
qristianuli moZRvrebis ZiriTadi<br />
swavlebani ainteresebs, gamomcemlobaSi<br />
iTargmna da orjer gamoica episkopos<br />
aleqsandre semionov-tianSanskis<br />
`marTlmadidebluri katexizmo~,<br />
agreTve, cnobil avtorTa TxzulebaTa<br />
safuZvelze Sedgenili saxelmZRvanelo<br />
dogmaturi RmrTismetyvelebisaTvis<br />
_ `dogmatur-istoriuli sakiTxebi~.<br />
am rigis naSromTa ricxvSi unda<br />
davasaxeloT `hagiografiis RmrTismetyvelebac~,<br />
romelic qarTuli hagio-
108<br />
grafiis Zeglebidan gamorCeuli adgilebis<br />
saRmrTismetyvelo komentarebs<br />
Seicavs da, amdenad, daxmarebas gauwevs<br />
skolebsa da umaRles saswavleblebs<br />
am teqstebis safuZvliani swavlebis<br />
saqmeSi. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia<br />
gamomcemlobaSi Targmnili da<br />
2007 wels dabeWdili sqemarqimandritis<br />
iovane maslovis `leqciebi samo-<br />
ZRvro RmrTismetyvelebaSi~, romelic<br />
seminariasa da akademiaSi aucileblad<br />
wasakiTx saswavlo disciplinaSi _<br />
samoZRvro RmrTismetyvelebaSi qar-<br />
Tul enaze pirvelad Seqmnil saxelmZ-<br />
Rvanelos warmoadgens.<br />
saRmrTismsaxuro Txzulebebidan,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis locvakurTxeviT<br />
gamomcemlobam 1996 wlis<br />
kalendarSi dabeWda kerZo msaxurebani<br />
_ mcire kurTxevani sazogado msaxurebasTan<br />
erTad, xolo 1997 wels calke<br />
gamosca gasworebuli da gamSvenebuli<br />
teqsti saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisa<br />
da episkoposTa kurTxevisa;<br />
aqve davasaxelebdiT wmindanTa savedrebel<br />
daujdomel sagaloblebsac<br />
da mravalgzis gamocemul locvebsac.<br />
calke unda aRiniSnos andria kretelis<br />
`didi kanonis~ axali qarTuli<br />
Targmani gamokvleviTurT, romelic<br />
2007 wels gamomcemlobam Tsu-is klasikuri<br />
filologiis, bizantinistikisa<br />
da neoelinistikis institutis gamomcemloba<br />
`logosTan~ erTad gamosca.<br />
qarTuli saRmrTismetyvelo skolis<br />
TavisTavadobisa da maRali donis<br />
warmosaCenad gamomcemlobaSi momzadda<br />
da daibeWda wm. gabriel episkoposis<br />
(qiqoZe) qadagebaTagan anbanur<br />
rigze dalagebuli gamokrebili swavlani,<br />
xolo 1997 wels saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis aRsaydrebis<br />
oci wlisTavisaTvis momzadda da or<br />
tomad gamoica misi uwmidesobisa da<br />
unetaresobis ilia II `epistoleni, sityvani,<br />
qadagebani~.<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis locvakurTxeviT<br />
sapatriarqos gamomcemlobas<br />
mxedvelobidan arc eklesiis<br />
istoria gamorCenia; 1998 wlis kalendarSi<br />
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis<br />
mokle kursi daibeWda, xolo 2002_04<br />
wlebis kalendrebSi zogadi eklesiis<br />
istoria. 2005 wels gamomcemlobam dabeWda<br />
`mcire saeklesio enciklopedia~,<br />
romelic qarTul enaze saeklesio enciklopediis<br />
Seqmnis gzaze pirvel gadadgmul<br />
nabijs warmoadgens.<br />
calke unda aRiniSnos wignebi,<br />
romelnic seqtantTa cru swavlebis<br />
samxileblad gamoica: `romauli ka-<br />
Tolicizmi~, `azri da ena xatebisa~<br />
(xatTa Tayvaniscemis uarmy<strong>of</strong>elTa sapasuxod),<br />
`vin arian ieRovas mowmeebi~,<br />
`ideqiT mtkiced da Seuryevelad~, _<br />
saZiebeli seqtantur swavlebaTa winaaRmdeg.<br />
seriiT _ `qarTveli wmindanebi~<br />
gamomcemlobam 2006_07 wlebSi<br />
gamosca ori SesaniSnavi krebuli, miZ-<br />
Rvnili wm. gabriel episkoposisadmi<br />
(qiqoZe) da wm. eqvTime RmrTiskacisadmi<br />
(TayaiSvili),romelnic qarTulma eklesiam<br />
wmindanebad uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
iniciativiT Seracxa. am seriiT<br />
wignebis gamocema kvlavac gagrZeldeba<br />
da mkiTxveli amgvar krebulebs<br />
sxva axlad Seracxil wmindanTa Sesaxebac<br />
miiRebs.<br />
vfiqrobT, mkiTxvelTa yuradReba<br />
da interesi ar mohklebia agreTve<br />
gamomcemlobis mier dabeWdil iseT<br />
wignebsac, rogoricaa: `ra aris marTlmadidebloba~,<br />
`kvarTi qristesi~ (qarTul,<br />
rusulsa da inglisur enebze),<br />
`jumaTis monastris siZveleebi~, `me-19<br />
saukunis qarTveli moRvaweebi da qarTuli<br />
galoba~, `mogonebani wm. ilia<br />
marTalze~, `saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
marTva-gamgeobis debuleba~, `locvani<br />
bavSvebisaTvis~, `iuliusis kalendris<br />
arsi da mniSvneloba~, `antiqristes<br />
mosvlis niSnebi~, `wm. arCil mefe~ da<br />
sxv.<br />
qristeSobis oriaTasi wlis aRsaniSnavad,<br />
sapatriarqos gamomcemlobam<br />
gamomcemloba `lazierTan~ erTad
109<br />
kedlis feradi kalendari dabeWda,<br />
romelic misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis<br />
ilia II dawerili xatebiT<br />
iyo Semkuli. kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
ferwerul namuSevrebSi maTi avtoris<br />
mdidari sulieri samyaro, romelic<br />
yovelgvar amqveyniur silamazeze ama-<br />
Rlebuli mSvenierebisaken iswrafvis,<br />
kidev erTi axali aspeqtiT warmoCnda.<br />
kalendarSi uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
mier Seqmnili eqvsi xati daibeWda:<br />
ufali sabaoT, wm. mefe Tamari, solomon<br />
brZeni, yovladwmida RmrTismSobeli<br />
yrmiT, wm. didmowame giorgi da wm.<br />
didi mefe vaxtang gorgasali.<br />
yovelma kacma, visac sityvis Zala<br />
da mniSvneloba moexseneba, icis, rom<br />
misi gamoyenebisas gansakuTrebuli goniereba<br />
da sifrTxile hmarTebs. sagnis<br />
Rrma da safuZvlian codnasTan erTad<br />
es goniereba da sifrTxile miT umetes<br />
moeTxovebaT imaT, romelnic RmrTeebrivi<br />
WeSmaritebis gadmocemas anu Tavisi<br />
Zalebis mosinjvas sasuliero mwerlobaSi<br />
cdiloben. uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II locva-kurTxeviT, 1995 wlidan<br />
sapatriarqos gamomcemlobasTan<br />
Seqmnilia sarecenzio sabWo, romelsac<br />
gamosacemad momzadebul TxzulebaTa<br />
recenzireba da gamocemisaTvis uflebis<br />
an grifis miniWeba evaleba.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
sabWom intensiurad imuSava<br />
da dakisrebul movaleobas Tavi<br />
gaarTva, razec sarecenziod warmodgenil<br />
naSromTa simravlec metyvelebs,<br />
romelTagan, bunebrivia, gamocemis<br />
ufleba yvelam ver miiRo. ramdenadac<br />
maTi didi nawili Targmanebs<br />
warmoadgens, gamomcemlobam Targmanis<br />
xelovnebasTan dakavSirebiT ramdenime<br />
moTxovna SeimuSava, romelTac<br />
safuZvlad qarTuli mTargmnelobi-<br />
Ti skolis mdidari gamocdileba da<br />
cnobil mecnier-mTargmnelTa Sexedulebani<br />
daedo: saTargmneli sagnis,<br />
saliteraturo (Cvens SemTxvevaSi _<br />
qarTuli) enisa da im enis kargi codna,<br />
romelzedac originalia Seqmnili.<br />
marTlac, sagnis codnis gareSe, e. i.<br />
roca mTargmnelisaTvis gaugebaria,<br />
razea saubari originalSi, sasurveli<br />
Sedegis miReba SeuZlebelia. ramdenadac<br />
mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba mecnieruli<br />
gamokvlevis erTgvari saxea,<br />
mTargmnelma teqsti unda gaSifros da<br />
xelaxla Seqmnas sxva enaze. rogorc<br />
nebismier sxva mecnierul gamokvleva-<br />
Si, romelSic obieqtTa samyaro ganixileba,<br />
aseve Targmnis drosac mxolod<br />
erTi mecnieruli strategia SeiZleba<br />
arsebobdes _ original-teqstis Taobaze<br />
hipoTezebis ageba, maTi gamokvleva,<br />
axali hipoTezebis uary<strong>of</strong>a an miReba.<br />
am process bolo ara aqvs da amitom<br />
sruliad adekvaturi Targmanis miRweva<br />
SeuZlebelia, Tumca, es ar niSnavs imas,<br />
rom amisken ar unda viswrafodeT.<br />
Targmnis xelovnebis sirTule<br />
ZiriTadad imaSi mdgomareobs, rom<br />
arc azris sizuste Seewiros enobrivi<br />
normebis dacvasa da stilis daxvewilobas<br />
da arc stilis silamaze<br />
da enobrivi normebi _ azris zustad<br />
gadmocemas. saRmrTismetyvelo literaturis<br />
mTargmnels, garda zemoCamoTvlilisa,<br />
kidev erTi umTavresi ram<br />
moeTxoveba _ WeSmariti sarwmunoeba,<br />
radgan RmrTeebrivi WeSmaritebis wvdoma<br />
mxolod da mxolod suliwmidis<br />
madliTaa SesaZlebeli.<br />
ase rom, sarecenzio sabWos SeqmniT<br />
misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis Zalisxmeva<br />
iqiTken iyo mimarTuli, rom<br />
sagamomcemlo saqmianobis gaaqtiurebasTan<br />
erTad saRmrTismetyvelo Txzulebebis<br />
swavlebaTa sizusteca da<br />
maTi gadmocemis Sesabamisi formac<br />
erTgvarad daculi y<strong>of</strong>iliyo.<br />
RmrTis wyalobiTa da misi uwmidesobis<br />
locva-kurTxeviT sapatriarqos<br />
gamomcemlobam SeZlo Tavisi<br />
mcire wvlili Seetana im codvis gamosyidvaSi,<br />
romelic Cvenma erma misTvis<br />
Tavdadebuli Svilis,wm. ilia marTlis<br />
mkvlelobiT Caidina.
ilia WavWavaZis dabadebidan 170<br />
da mkvlelobidan 100 wlis aRsaniSnavad<br />
gamomcemlobaSi momzadda da 2007<br />
wlis kalendarSi daibeWda krebuli<br />
`mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba~, romelSic<br />
Tavmoyrilia da anbanze dalagebuli<br />
wm. ilia marTlis aqamde gamoqveynebuli<br />
yvela publicisturi werilidan<br />
amokrebili erovnul-politikuri, socialuri,<br />
kulturul-zneobrivi Tu<br />
sasuliero sakiTxebi, romelTac sami<br />
cneba _ mamuli,ena da sarwmunoeba aer-<br />
Tianebs. krebuls wamZRvarebuli aqvs<br />
Tavdadebuli mamuliSvilis cxovrebisa<br />
da moqalaqeobis amsaxveli Txzuleba,<br />
romelic misi uwmidesobis kurTxeviT<br />
daiwera da wm. ilia marTlis<br />
Sesaxeb hagiografiuli nawarmoebis<br />
Seqmnis pirvel mcdelobas warmoadgens.<br />
gamomcemlobam, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
dakargvas gadaarCina saflavi ilias<br />
erTguli msaxuris, iakob TaraSvilisa,<br />
romelic 1907 wlis 30 agvistos saqarTvelosTvis<br />
nasrol tyvias pirveli<br />
Seegeba. saflavi, romelic keTilmoewyo,<br />
oriaTasi wlis or agvistos, iliaobas<br />
ikurTxa. ramdenadac, qristes<br />
moZRvrebis mixedviT, rwmenas sicocxles<br />
keTili saqme aniWebs, `sarwmunoebaÁ<br />
TÂnier saqmeTasa mkudar ars~ (iak.<br />
II, 26), vfiqrobT, gamomcemlobam am saqmis<br />
aRsrulebiT Cveni xalxis sulieri<br />
amaRlebisaTvis aranakleb izruna, vidre<br />
amas erTi kargi wignis gamocemiT<br />
gaakeTebda.<br />
pirveli sityvebi, romliTac aRdgomilma<br />
macxovarma mociqulebs<br />
mimarTa, iyo: `mSÂdoba Tquen Tana~. moexseneba<br />
ra uwmidessa da unetaress mSvidobis<br />
mniSvneloba pirovnebis Sinagani<br />
samyarosaTvis, qadagebisas xSirad<br />
Segvaxsenebs daviT winaswarmetyvelis<br />
sityvebs: `moixsene, ufalo, daviT da<br />
yoveli simSvide misi~.<br />
Cveni upirvelesi savedrebelic<br />
esaa saxieri da kacTmoyvare Semoqmedis<br />
mimarT _ yoveli qarTvelis gulSi<br />
simSvide sufevdes, rac mTlianad Cvens<br />
qveyanaSi mSvidobis sawindari gaxdeba<br />
da, bunebrivia, RmrTis sityvis samsaxurisaTvisac<br />
met Zalas mogvcems da im<br />
mraval wignsac,romelic sapatriarqos<br />
gamomcemlobaSi dasabeWdadaa gamzadebuli,<br />
misi uwmidesobis madliani<br />
locva-kurTxeviT dRis sinaTles axilvinebs.<br />
110
patriarqi da wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari<br />
Woroxis, rionisa Tu enguris Walebisaken,<br />
aramed udides ideologiur eqspansias<br />
axorcielebda, upirvelesad, islamis<br />
gavrcelebiTa da im faseuloba-<br />
Ta CvenSi damkvidrebiT, romlebic absoluturad<br />
ucxo iyo qarTveli kacis<br />
bunebisaTvis. Cveni erisTvis am gadamwyvet<br />
momentSi saqarTvelos dedaeklesia<br />
qarTuli kulturis, saukuneebiT<br />
arsebuli adaT-wesebis, cxovrebis<br />
niris qedCauxrel damcvelad iqca.<br />
swored qristianobam gvixsna erovnuli<br />
da kulturuli gadajiSebisagan.<br />
mTeli aTas xuTasi weli qristianoba<br />
im Suquras warmoadgenda, romelic<br />
CvenSi asxivebda dasavluri kulturis<br />
sxivebs. da Tu Cven saukuneebis man-<br />
Zilze evropul civilizacias viyaviT<br />
naziarebi da politikurad evropisaken<br />
vicqirebodiT, esec didwilad qristianobis<br />
damsaxureba iyo.<br />
saqarTvelos istoriaSi TiTqosda<br />
kanonzomieradaa qceuli, rom qveynis<br />
politikur aRmavlobas yovelTvis<br />
uswrebda qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis aRorZineba, erisa da beris<br />
erTianoba. igive ganmeorda XX saukunis<br />
miwurulsac.<br />
1977 wels kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
ilia II intronizaciis Semdeg dedaeklesiis<br />
roli da adgili sazogadoebriv<br />
cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovnad<br />
gaizarda. XX s-is 80-iani wlebis<br />
SuaxanebSi sabWoTa saxelmwifosa da<br />
eklesiis urTierTobaSi sagrZnobi cvlilebebi<br />
moxda. sabWoTa xelisuflejaba<br />
samuSia<br />
qarTvel xalxs dReniadag locva,<br />
Sroma da brZola uxdeboda. uTvalav<br />
mterTan dapirispirebam abjari SemogvacviTa<br />
da dagvimsxvria. ms<strong>of</strong>lio imperiebTan<br />
WidilSi ganvvleT saukuneebi<br />
da aTaswleulebi. aTasi rjulis<br />
dampyrobeli cdilobda qarTvelTa<br />
gancalkevebas, ganadgurebasa da amierkavkasiis<br />
strategiuli da mdidari<br />
regionis xelT gdebas. arabebsa Tu<br />
bizantielebs, iranelebsa Tu osmalo-<br />
Turqebs Cveni samSoblos danawevreba<br />
TavianTi pragmatuli politikis<br />
nawilad miaCndaT. ram gadagvarCina da<br />
ram gamogvatara am Savbnel epoqaSi?<br />
pasuxis gacema am SekiTxvaze advilia<br />
_ Cvenma rwmenam. da marTlac, muslimur<br />
saxelmwifoTa garemocvaSi moqceuli<br />
saqarTvelosTvis qristianoba<br />
mxolod aRmsarebloba ar gaxldaT.<br />
igi citadelad iyo Semovlebuli Cvens<br />
samSoblos da yvelaze did xandaks<br />
warmoadgenda mterTaTvis, romlis da-<br />
Zlevas verasdros axerxebdnen. qarTveluri<br />
tomebis religiuri mTlianoba<br />
iyo is balavari, romelmac saukuneebiT<br />
SeaduRaba Cveni erToba. yovelive<br />
aman ki qarTul samociqulo eklesias<br />
udidesi politikuri misia SesZina.<br />
im urTules Jams ki, rodesac saqarTvelos<br />
sazRvrebs monRolTa,iranel-<br />
Ta,TurqTa marbielni moawydnen da Cveni<br />
qveyana saTareSod aqcies, Cveni dedaeklesia<br />
darajad daudga qarTvelTa<br />
TviTSegnebas. mteri martooden xmliT<br />
rodi moiwevda alaznisa Tu mtkvris,<br />
111
am mniSvnelovnad Seasusta eklesiis<br />
Seviwroeba. komunist Tu komkavSirel<br />
aqtivistebs ukve aRar avalebdnen<br />
saeklesio dResaswaulebze eklesiis<br />
karibWesTan darajobas da imaT dasmenas,<br />
vinc wirvas eswreboda. amas daemata<br />
saqarTveloSi erovnuli moZraobis<br />
axali etapis dawyeba da xalxis masobrivi<br />
mibruneba eklesiisaken. mokle<br />
xanSi Cveni taZrebi ukve mrevls veRar<br />
itevda,saSobao Tu saaRdgomo wirvisas<br />
aTasobiT adamiani taZris mimdebare<br />
teritoriaze Tu axerxebda moxvedras.<br />
ukve naTeli gaxda,rom didi sakaTedro<br />
taZari qveynis dedaqalaqisaTvis araTu<br />
saWiro, aramed aucilebeli iyo. `wmida<br />
samebis agebis idea ar warmoiSva imisaTvis,<br />
rom didi taZari aSenebuliyo,<br />
_ ixsenebs saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
_ es azri gaCnda erTdroulad<br />
eklesiaSi da xalxSi. Cven ar vicodiT,<br />
rogor gamogvexata RvTisadmi<br />
madlierebis grZnoba. am dros daibada<br />
idea, rom unda aSenebuliyo taZari, romelic<br />
iqneboda taxti wmida samebisa~.<br />
sruliad samarTlianad uwodes wmida<br />
samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobas<br />
`saukunis mSenebloba~. momaval kaTedrals<br />
sxva datvirTvac hqonda, igi<br />
unda qceuliyo axali qarTuli saxelmwifos<br />
simbolod.<br />
dRevandeli gadasaxedidan SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, _ rom ara misi uwmidesoba,<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
ilia II,es taZari ar aigeboda. aq ar igulisxmeba<br />
martooden ideis dabadeba.<br />
taZris proeqtirebisa da mSeneblobis<br />
nebismieri detali kaTolikos-patriarqTan<br />
Tanxmdeboda. igi iyo am udidesi<br />
saqmis sulisCamdgmeli da maorganizebeli.<br />
misi uwmidesoba kviraSi ramdenjerme<br />
adioda wm. samebis sakaTedro<br />
taZris mSeneblobaze,aTvalierebda momavali<br />
kaTeralis TiToeul detals.<br />
wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobaze<br />
misi uwmidesobis misvla araviTari<br />
pompezuri ceremonialiT ar<br />
112<br />
mimdinareobda. bevrjer saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, moulodnelad,<br />
oriode kacis TanxlebiT swvevia xara-<br />
CoebSi Casmul kaTedrals.<br />
mSeneblobaze amosul mis uwmidesobas<br />
megzurobas fondis xelmZRvaneloba<br />
uwevda.<br />
patriarqis mobrZanebas samreklos<br />
zarebis rekva amcnobda iq my<strong>of</strong>T. saocari<br />
sanaxavi iyo am dros taZari.<br />
muSebi nel-nela tovebdnen xaraCoebs,<br />
patriarqs Semoexveodnen da locvakurTxevas<br />
iRebdnen, taZarSi saxeldaxelod<br />
gamzadebul magidasTan patriarqi<br />
da fondis mesveurebi mSeneblobis<br />
sakiTxebs ixilavdnen. Semdeg uwmidesi<br />
mosapirkeTebel masalas Seamowmebda,<br />
mimdinare samuSaoebsac moinaxulebda.<br />
igi xSirad esaubreboda mSeneblebs,xelosnebs,<br />
qviTxuroebs.<br />
cxra weli moandoma qarTvelma<br />
xalxma wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />
mSeneblobas. es iyo urTulesi periodi<br />
Cveni qveynis uaxles istoriaSi, magram,<br />
miuxedavad ekonomikuri siZneleebisa,<br />
qarTvelobam SeZlo uflis sadidebeli<br />
taZari aRemarTa. saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqma samebis taZris<br />
kurTxevisas aRniSna: `Cven varT momswreni<br />
RvTis erT-erTi saocrebisa, _<br />
SeWirvebis Jams qarTvelma xalxma Se-<br />
Zlo aReSenebina didebuli taZari ese<br />
wmidisa samebisa, sadideblad RvTisa<br />
da mosaqcevad erisa Cvenisa, magram,<br />
mowyale RmerTo, Cven viyaviT oden mdabalni<br />
muSakni Senni. ese Sen mogvec gulisxmisy<strong>of</strong>a<br />
da Zala,raTa Sens sadideblad<br />
da Cvenda nugeSad mogverTmia<br />
es Sesawiri...~ erisa da beris erTobam<br />
SeaZlebina qarTvelebs es saswauli.<br />
SeuZlebelia auRelveblad CaikiTxo<br />
kaTedralis mSeneblobisaTvis gakeTebul<br />
SemowirulobaTa nusxa, visac ra<br />
gaaCnda, imas swiravda mSeneblobas.<br />
iyvnen adamianebi, romelTac materialuri<br />
Senatanis gakeTeba ar SeeZloT da<br />
fizikuri SromiT cdilobdnen am didi<br />
wamowyebis Tanadgomas. mis uwmideso-
as araerTxel aRuniSnavs, rom wmida<br />
samebis sakaTedro taZari qarTveli<br />
xalxis avtoportretia. marTlac, kaTedralis<br />
mSenebloba qarTvelTa sulis<br />
gamocdas warmoadgenda. dasawyisSi<br />
iyvnen adamianebi, romlebic skeptikurad<br />
uyurebdnen am wamowyebas. im<br />
droisaTvis Cvens arqiteqtorebsa da<br />
mSeneblebs eklesiaTa agebis gamocdileba<br />
TiTqmis ar gaaCndaT. dRes, 15-<br />
ode wlis Semdeg ra SesaniSnavad Cans<br />
am saukunis wamowyebis dedaazri. saqme<br />
martooden erTi konkretuli taZris,<br />
Tundac sakaTedro taZari y<strong>of</strong>iliyo,<br />
agebaSi rodi mdgomareobda. misi uwmidesoba,<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
ilia II SesaniSnavad xedavda,<br />
rom es mSenebloba Cveni eris sulieri<br />
aRmavlobis sawindrad iqceoda. imavdroulad,<br />
es wamowyeba aTwleulobiT<br />
miviwyebuli saeklesio arqiteqturis,<br />
mxatvrobis, Wedurobisa Tu sxva darg-<br />
Ta aRorZinebis safuZveli gaxdeboda.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiasa da xelisuflebas Soris mimowera<br />
axali sakaTedro taZris agebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT 1988 wels daiwyo.<br />
umokles xanSi aRmaskomis Tavmjdomaris<br />
TaosnobiT Seiqmna specialuri<br />
komisia, romelsac daevala sakaTedro<br />
taZrisTvis adgilis SerCeva.<br />
komisiam daiwyo momavali taZrisaTvis<br />
adgilis Zieba. moinaxules<br />
Tbilisis ramdenime ubani. aRniSnuli<br />
sakiTxis irgvliv imsjeles Tbilisis<br />
saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomSi kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
ilia II stumrobisas.<br />
sabolood, komisiam mizanSewonilad<br />
miiCnia taZris ageba mtkvris marcxena<br />
sanapiroze, baraTaSvilis aRmarTis<br />
zeda terasaze. gadawyvetilebam ar<br />
daayovna da Tbilisis saqalaqo sab-<br />
Wos aRmaskomma 1989 wlis 23 Tebervals,<br />
04.30.107 nomriT, sagangebo dokumenti<br />
gamosca (Tbilisis saistorio arqivi,<br />
Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomi,<br />
aRw. 5, saqme 758):<br />
`qarTuli marTlmadidebluri<br />
taZris asaSeneblad adgilis<br />
SerCevis Sesaxeb<br />
Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomi<br />
aRniSnavs, rom am ramdenime xnis<br />
winaT Sesrulda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos<br />
damoukideblobis 1500 weli. am<br />
TariRTan dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqo iTxovs, TbilisSi aSendes<br />
taZari, rogorc simboluri gamoxatuleba<br />
qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis<br />
TxuTmetsaukunovani istoriisa.<br />
Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomis<br />
1989 wlis 5 noembris N1755 gankargulebiT,am<br />
mizniT Seqmnilma kompetenturma<br />
komisiam, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
ilia II monawileobiT,<br />
SearCia adgili baraTaSvilis<br />
aRmarTis qimze da Semodis aRmaskomis<br />
winaSe saTanado winadadebiT.<br />
Tbilisis saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomma<br />
gadawyvita:<br />
1. dakmay<strong>of</strong>ildes saqarTvelos sapatriarqos<br />
Txovna da qarTuli mar-<br />
Tlmadidebluri taZris asaSeneblad<br />
gamoeyos baraTaSvilis aRmarTis qimze<br />
SerCeuli adgili _ samoqalaqo quCis,<br />
xidisTavis quCis, avlabris quCis dasawyisis<br />
marjvena mxaris CaTvliT da<br />
kaliaevis quCas Soris moqceuli kvartali.<br />
2. eTxovos saqarTvelos sapatriarqos,<br />
saqarTvelos arqiteqtorTa kav-<br />
SirTan erTad, konkursis gamocxadeba<br />
taZris proeqtze.<br />
3. mTavarma arqiteqturul-dagegmarebiTma<br />
sammarTvelom ZeglTa dacvis<br />
mTavar sammarTvelosTan da arqiteqtorTa<br />
kavSirTan erTad moamzados<br />
arqiteqturul-dagegmarebiTi davaleba<br />
da konkursisaTvis saWiro masalebi.<br />
aRmaskomis Tavmjdomare<br />
i. andriaZe<br />
aRmaskomis mdivani<br />
v. jafariZe~<br />
113
am dokumentis gamocemis Semdeg wmida<br />
samebis taZris mSeneblobis saqmem<br />
seriozulad waiwia win. Tbilisis aRmaskomis<br />
mier miRebuli dokumentis<br />
safuZvelze, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos<br />
da saqarTvelos arqiteqtorTa kavSirs<br />
eTxova saukeTeso proeqtis SesarCevad<br />
konkursis gamocxadeba, xolo<br />
mTavar arqiteqturul-dagegmarebiT<br />
sammarTvelos, ZeglTa dacvis mTavar<br />
sammarTvelosTan da arqiteqtorTa kavSirTan<br />
erTad, konkursisaTvis saWiro<br />
masalebis _ programisa da pirobebis<br />
momzadeba daevala.<br />
1989 wlis 5 maiss Tbilisis mTavar<br />
arqiteqturul-dagegmarebiT sammarTveloSi<br />
gamarTul Sexvedrazec,<br />
romelsac sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II, qalaqis saxalxo deputatTa<br />
sabWos Tavmjdomare, aRmasrulebeli<br />
komitetis Tavmjdomare, arqiteqtorebi,<br />
xelovnebaTmcodneebi da mowveuli<br />
sazogadoeba eswrebodnen, moismines<br />
informacia momavali kaTedralis<br />
asagebi adgilis Sesaxeb. konkursis<br />
gamocxadebisas TiTqmis ukve garkveuli<br />
iyo, Tu sad unda aRmarTuliyo wm.<br />
samebis sakaTedro taZari. `sagangebo<br />
ganCinebiT~ gamocxadebul konkursSi<br />
monawileobis msurvelT TavianTi proeqti<br />
swored im garemosTvis unda SeexamebinaT,<br />
sadac ganzraxuli iyo kaTedralis<br />
ageba, TumcaRa, am etapze arqiteqtorebs<br />
SeeZloT TavianTi variantis<br />
SemoTavazebac. amdenad, avlabris<br />
platoze, baraTaSvilis aRmarTis zeda<br />
terasaze taZris agebis idea erTgvar<br />
`samuSao variants~ warmoadgenda.<br />
1990 wlis Tebervlis dasawyisisTvis<br />
yvelaferi mzad iyo Ria konkursis<br />
Casatareblad. arqiteqtorebi TavianTi<br />
proeqtebis ukanasknel detalebs<br />
amuSavebdnen. 8 Tebervals mxatvris<br />
saxlSi moewyo konkursis gaxsnis ceremoniali,<br />
romelsac auarebeli stumari<br />
daeswro. mcire xniT adre cnobili gaxda<br />
Jiuris Semadgenlobac. masSi Sediodnen:<br />
114<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />
II _ Tavmjdomare; alaverdeli mitropoliti<br />
grigoli (cercvaZe); cxumafxazeTis<br />
mitropoliti daviTi (Wkadua);<br />
baTum-Semoqmedeli mitropoliti<br />
konstantine (meliqiZe); bodbeli mitropoliti<br />
aTanase (CaxvaSvili); agarak-walkeli<br />
mTavarepiskoposi Tadeozi<br />
(ioramaSvili); nikorwmindeli<br />
mTavarepiskoposi ambrosi (qaTamaZe);<br />
quTaTel-gaenaTeli mTavarepiskoposi<br />
kalistrate (margalitaSvili); margveli<br />
episkoposi qristefore (wamalaiZe);<br />
axalcixisa da samcxe-javaxe-<br />
Tis episkoposi anania (jafariZe); urbneli<br />
episkoposi vaxtangi (axvlediani);<br />
wilkneli episkoposi zosime (SioSvili);<br />
Wyondideli episkoposi giorgi<br />
(SalamberiZe); Tbilisis sasuliero<br />
seminariisa da akademiis reqtori protopresviteri<br />
giorgi gamrekeli.<br />
sasuliero pirTa garda, Jiuris<br />
SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen: irakli<br />
andriaZe _ Tbilisis saxalxo deputatTa<br />
saqalaqo sabWos aRmaskomis<br />
Tavmjdomare; guram mirianaSvili _<br />
saqarTvelos `saxmSenis~ Tavmjdomare;<br />
nodar mgalobliSvili _ saqarTvelos<br />
arqiteqtorTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare;<br />
albert TavxeliZe _ saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti;<br />
nodar amaRlobeli _ ivane javaxiSvilis<br />
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis reqtori; akaki baqraZe<br />
_ sruliad saqarTvelos rusTavelis<br />
sazogadoebis prezidenti; nodar na-<br />
TaZe _ saqarTvelos saxalxo frontis<br />
Tavmjdomare; ana kalandaZe _ poeti;<br />
nodar janberiZe _ saqarTvelos xelovnebis<br />
institutis direqtori; Tengiz<br />
kvirkvelia _ saqarTvelos teqnikuri<br />
universitetis pr<strong>of</strong>esori; giorgi<br />
baTiaSvili _ saqarTvelos samxatvro<br />
akademiis pr<strong>of</strong>esori; elizbar javeliZe<br />
_ gazeT `literaturuli saqarTvelos~<br />
redaqtori; daviT ciciSvili<br />
_ sazogadoeba `Tbiliselis~ Tavmj-
domaris moadgile; Tengiz buaCiZe _<br />
saqarTvelos kulturis fondis Tavmjdomare;<br />
elguja amaSukeli _ saqarTvelos<br />
mxatvarTa kavSiris Tavmjdomare;<br />
Tamaz naTiZe _ ZeglTa dacvis<br />
mTavari samecniero sammarTvelos<br />
ufrosis moadgile; merab mamardaSvili<br />
_ filos<strong>of</strong>iis mecnierebaTa doqtori;<br />
vaxtang daviTaia _ saqarTvelos<br />
teqnikuri universitetis pr<strong>of</strong>esori.<br />
eqspozicia ganlagebuli iyo mxatvris<br />
saxlis pirvel da meore sarTulze.<br />
sul gam<strong>of</strong>enili iyo 41 namuSevari.<br />
maT Soris 34 proeqti dasrulebuli<br />
saxiT iyo warmodgenili, xolo 7 namuSevari<br />
samuSao variants an moswavleTa<br />
mier Seqmnil maketebs warmoadgenda.<br />
pirvelma konkursma gamarjvebuli<br />
ver gamoavlina da gadawyda meore turis<br />
gamarTva, romelic 1990 wlis 2 seqtembers<br />
Catarda. sul warmodgenili<br />
iyo 59 namuSevari. konkursSi monawileobda<br />
56 avtori Tu saavtoro jgufi.<br />
1990 wlis 29 seqtembers, 6 saaTze<br />
Tbilisis mxatvris saxlSi, sakonsultacio<br />
sabWos sxdomaze konkursis saboloo<br />
Sejameba moxda. misi uwmidesobis<br />
gadawyvetilebiT gamarjvebulad arCil<br />
mindiaSvilis proeqti dasaxelda.<br />
pirvel etapze yvelaze mniSvnelovan<br />
problemas taZris asagebi konkretuli<br />
adgilis dadgena warmoadgenda.<br />
xuroTmoZRvarni, odiTganve, udides<br />
mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen adgils, sadac<br />
unda aRemarTaT TavianTi qmnileba, sadac<br />
harmoniulad Seerwymoda erTmaneTs<br />
garemo da taZari.<br />
qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis xilvisas<br />
upirvelesad aRtacebaSi mohyavxar<br />
arqiteqtoris gadawyvetilebas:<br />
ra saocari gumaniT SeurCevia adgili<br />
taZrisaTvis. tao-klarjeTis, samcxis,<br />
qarTl-kaxeTis, guria-aWarisa Tu imereT-samegrelos<br />
Zeglebi gana iseTsave<br />
esTetikur siamovnebas mogvaniWebdnen<br />
sxva reliefze rom y<strong>of</strong>iliyvnen agebulni?<br />
Cveni xuroTmoZRvarni saocrad<br />
115<br />
uTavsebdnen garemos momavali taZris<br />
formasa da masStabebs. Tu ra mniSvneloba<br />
aqvs taZrisa da mSeneblobis<br />
adgilis Sexamebas zogadad Zeglis<br />
aRqmaSi, kargad Cans mcxeTis jvris<br />
magaliTze. igi isea Serwymuli mcxeTis<br />
Tavze aRmarTul mTas, rom mnaxvels<br />
eqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos am<br />
mTidan iyos amozrdili. anda aviRoT<br />
banas SesaniSnavi kaTedrali. taos es<br />
nawili sakmaod xriokia, miuxedavad<br />
amisa, xuroTmoZRvarma mainc moZebna<br />
iseTi adgili,sadac buneba Tavad qmnis<br />
ferTa harmonias. taZris fasadi SeZerwilia<br />
moyviTalo naTali qviT da saocrad<br />
miesadageba garemos.<br />
romeli erTi Zegli CamovTvaloT.<br />
es sakiTxi yvela qveynisa da epoqis<br />
arqiteqtorTa safiqrali iyo da aris.<br />
sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis dawyebamde,<br />
amave problemis winaSe dadga<br />
Cveni sazogadoebac, yvelas kargad esmoda,<br />
rom momavali qmnileba harmoniulad<br />
unda Serwymoda garemos da qalaqis<br />
organul nawilad qceuliyo. jer<br />
kidev sawyis etapze, rodesac mxolod<br />
proeqtebis ganxilva mimdinareobda,<br />
arqiteqtorebi da xelovnebaTmcodneebi<br />
sagangebod miuTiTebdnen wm. samebis<br />
taZris kompleqsis qalaqis dagegmarebaSi<br />
faqizad `Casmis~ aucileblobaze.<br />
meore turis Semdeg TiTqos gadawyvetili<br />
iyo momavali taZris avlabris<br />
platoze ageba. magram sxvadasxva faqtorma<br />
ganapiroba axali adgilis Zieba.<br />
upirvelesi mizezi iyo is, rom 1991_1992<br />
ww. Semdeg, faqtobrivad, SeuZlebeli<br />
gaxldaT baraTaSvilis aRmarTis zeda<br />
terasis gamoTavisufleba mSeneblobisaTvis.<br />
am periodisaTvis sakiTxis<br />
gadawyvetis erTaderTi realuri gza<br />
iyo qalaqis centralur nawilSi Tavisufali<br />
adgilis moZieba, sadac SesaZlebeli<br />
iqneboda kaTedralisa da<br />
sapatriarqo rezidenciis ganTavseba.<br />
didi sja-baasis Sedegad gadawyda, rom<br />
wm. samebis taZrisaTvis vakeSi, studqalaqis<br />
teritoriaze gamoeyoT adgili.
1995 wels kaTedris asagebi adgili<br />
kidev erTxel Seicvala.<br />
vakis studqalaqis teritoriaze<br />
kaTedralisaTvis sakmaod mcire far-<br />
Tobi iyo gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili, amasTanave, vake-<br />
Si sapatriarqo rezidenciis gadatana<br />
aSkarad gamoiwvevda qalaqis am nawil-<br />
Si qalaqdagegmarebiT sirTuleebs. am<br />
periodSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi<br />
gamarTuli Sexvedrisas vakis studqalaqis<br />
paralelurad, variantis doneze,<br />
momavali kaTedralis asagebad Seir-<br />
Ca aseve avlabarSi `megobrobis parkis~<br />
teritoria. am mosazrebas Tavidanve<br />
bevri mxardamWeri gauCnda, rasac<br />
araerTi dadebiTi faqtori ganapirobebda.<br />
jer erTi, `megobrobis parkis~<br />
teritoria gacilebiT didi iyo, vidre<br />
vakis studqalaqisa, meore, am adgilze<br />
agebuli kaTedrali Tbilisis uamravi<br />
adgilidan iqneboda SesamCnevi da<br />
mesame, mas Tavisuflad SeeZlo dedaqalaqis<br />
am nawilSi dominantis rolis<br />
Sesruleba. sabolood, 1995 wlis seqtemberSi,wm.<br />
samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />
asagebad SeirCa isan-samgoris raionSi,<br />
elias ubanSi arsebuli `megobrobis<br />
parkis~ teritoria.<br />
didi masStabis mSeneblobis wamowyeba<br />
TavisTavad iTxovda iseT struqturas,<br />
romelic organizebas gauwevda<br />
mimdinare samuSaoebs. swori menejmenti<br />
saqmis warmatebis erT-erTi winapirobaa.<br />
nebismieri didi wamowyebisadmi<br />
amgvari midgoma ara marto Cveni epoqis<br />
maxasiaTebeli niSania, ase iyo odiTganve,<br />
saukuneebis manZilze.<br />
did saqmeTa dawyeba TavisTavad Znelia,<br />
magram maTi sruly<strong>of</strong>ilebamde miyvana<br />
rCeulTa xvedria yovelTvis. Cveni<br />
grandiozuli kaTedralebis mSeneblobebi<br />
did Zalisxmevas, upirvelesad,<br />
qarTvel xuroTmoZRvarTagan moiTxovda.<br />
yoveli epoqa Tavis moTxovnebs uyenebs<br />
SemoqmedT. uwin Tu xuroTmoZ-<br />
Rvari Tavad iyo mSeneblobis xelmZ-<br />
Rvanelic da arqiteqtoric, amJamad<br />
TviT am sferoSi moxda diferenciacia.<br />
116<br />
arqiteqtorebi dReisaTvis, ZiriTadad,<br />
pasuxs ageben nawarmoebis funqciur,<br />
konstruqciul da esTetikur mxareze.<br />
rac Seexeba uSualod mSeneblobas, mas<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>esionali mSeneblebi uZRvebian.<br />
yovelive amas imitom aRvniSnavT, rom<br />
wm. samebis taZris mSeneblobis saqmeSi<br />
lomis wili mSeneblobis swor dagegmvasa<br />
da organizebas miuZRvis, rasac<br />
`wm. samebis sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis<br />
fondi~ uZRveba. misi uwmidesobis,<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
ilia II avtoritetisa da neba-survilis,<br />
qarTveli eris mxardaWeris, Sesabamisi<br />
dafinansebisa da gamarTuli<br />
menejmentis wyalobiT Seisxa xorci am<br />
udidesma wamowyebam.<br />
1994 wlis 14 oqtombers,sveticxovlobis<br />
dResaswaulze, sveticxovlis<br />
sakaTedro taZarSi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqma samebis<br />
sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobis fondis<br />
dafuZneba gamoacxada. kaTedralisTvis<br />
saWiro Tanxis akumulireba fondis angariSze<br />
unda momxdariyo, mSeneblobac<br />
masve unda waremarTa. fondis sapatio<br />
Tavmjdomareebi brZandebodnen misi<br />
uwmidesoba, kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia<br />
II da saqarTvelos prezidenti eduard-giorgi<br />
SevardnaZe, fondis prezidentad<br />
airCies cnobili mxatvari da<br />
moqandake zurab wereTeli.<br />
1995 wlis ivlisidan fondSi Zireuli<br />
reorganizacia ganxorcielda.<br />
fonds saTaveSi Caudga irakli andriaZe,<br />
gadaidga konkretuli nabijebi.<br />
Seiqmna samuSao jgufi da ramdenime<br />
TveSi moxerxda elias mTaze samuSaoebis<br />
dawyeba. paralelurad warmoebda<br />
proeqtis sruly<strong>of</strong>a. kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
kurTxeviT Seiqmna `saeklesio<br />
xuroTmoZRvrebis centri~, sadac<br />
arqiteqtorma arCil mindiaSvilma<br />
Semoikriba axalgazrda arqiteqtorTa<br />
mTeli pleada. proeqtirebasTan erTad,<br />
e. kizirias xelmZRvanelobiT warmoebda<br />
taZris konstruqciuli elementebis<br />
damuSaveba.
1998 wlidan kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
kurTxeviT `xuroTmoZRvrebis<br />
saeklesio centrs~ gamoeyo kaTedralis<br />
proeqtze momuSave jgufi da mas<br />
SemoqmedebiTi gaerTianeba `kaTedrali~<br />
ewoda (xelmZRvaneli arCil mindiaSvili).<br />
imave wlis ivnisSi, fondis<br />
TxovniT, xuroTmoZRvrebis centrma<br />
Sewyvita taZris proeqtireba da es<br />
funqcia `kaTedrals~ gadaeca.<br />
1995 wlis 29 oqtombers, `Tbilisobis~<br />
dResaswaulze, kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />
momavali kaTedralis adgili<br />
akurTxa da im adgilze, sadac wmida<br />
samebis sakaTedro taZari aRimarTeboda,<br />
jvari daasvena.<br />
1995 wlis 23 noembers elias mTaze<br />
momavali sakaTedro taZris qvabulis<br />
amoReba daiwyo. 1996 wlis 3 marts<br />
saZirkveli ekurTxa.<br />
saZirkvlis kurTxevis Semdeg,<br />
pirvel etapze,mSenebloba sakmaod kargi<br />
tempiT mimdinareobda. magram male<br />
siZneleebma iCina Tavi. misi uwmidesobis<br />
ganwyoba, rwmena imisa, rom taZari<br />
aucileblad aigeboda, yvelas udides<br />
enTuziazms unergavda. mwiri dafinansebis<br />
pirobebSi taZari nel-nela miiwevda<br />
nulovani niSnulisaken. amis paralelurad<br />
1998 wels sakaTedro taZris<br />
samxreTiT aigo wm. ilia Tezbitelis<br />
xis eklesia (1999 wlis 2 marts gam-<br />
Teniisas xis eklesia gaurkvevel vi-<br />
TarebaSi daiwva. 2000 wlisaTvis wm.<br />
ilia Tezbitelis axali qvis eklesiis<br />
Seneba daiwyo).<br />
2000 wlisaTvis kaTedralis miwisqveSa<br />
nawili dasrulebuli iyo.<br />
swored 2000 wels kaTedralis generaluri<br />
sponsori gaxda cnobili qarTveli<br />
biznesmeni da qvelmoqmedi bi-<br />
Zina ivaniSvili, romlis TanadgomiTa<br />
da finansuri daxmarebiTac aigo es<br />
grandiozuli taZari.<br />
ZiriTadi karkasis mSenebloba 2001<br />
wlis miwurulisTvis dasrulebuli<br />
iyo. 2002 wlis ianvar-martSi ukve gumbaTis<br />
yelis mSenebloba warmoebda.<br />
117<br />
wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris<br />
mSeneblobis istoriaSi erT-erTi<br />
ZiriTadi etapi dasrulda 2002 wlis<br />
31 marts, rodesac gumbaTze bolo betoni<br />
Caisxa. kaTedrali mTeli grandiozulobiT<br />
amoiwia Tbilisis Tavze.<br />
2002_2003 wlebSi ZiriTadad taZris<br />
mopirkeTebis samuSaoebi mimdinareobda.<br />
2003 wlis 6 dekembers wm. samebis<br />
sakaTedro taZarze jvari aRimarTa.<br />
qarTul xuroTmoZRvrul ZeglTagan<br />
wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari<br />
yvelaze masStaburia. dedaqalaqSi igi<br />
TiTqmis yvela wertilidan Cans. uSualod<br />
kaTedrali ori _ miwiszeda da miwisqveSa<br />
_ nawilisagan Sedgeba. saerTo<br />
simaRle nulovani niSnulidan jvris<br />
CaTvliT 86,10 metria (uSualod jvari 7,5<br />
metris simaRlisaa). lavris miwisqveSa<br />
nawilSi ori sarTuli mdebareobs. taZris<br />
fundamenti 14, 07 metris siRrmezea<br />
(qveda sarTulis iataki 13,07 metrzea.<br />
amas emateba erTmetriani fundamenti).<br />
wm. samebis taZris saerTo simaRle, am<br />
monacemebiT, 100,17 metria (86,10+14,07).<br />
wm. samebis taZris sigrZe 70,450 metri,<br />
sigane ki 64,68 metria.<br />
2004 wlis gazafxulze gadawyda,<br />
wmida samebis sakaTedro taZari 23<br />
noembers, giorgobis brwyinvale dResaswaulze<br />
ekurTxebinaT. aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom mTlianad kompleqsSi 12 eklesiaa;<br />
uSualod kaTedralSi ganTavsebulia<br />
10 eklesia: wm. samebis sakaTedro<br />
taZari, xarebis eklesia, mTavarangelozTa<br />
saxelobis eklesia, wmida ioane<br />
naTlismcemlis saxelobis eklesia,<br />
wmida ninos saxelobis eklesia, wmida<br />
andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis<br />
eklesia, wmida nikolozis saxelobis<br />
eklesia, yovelTa wmidaTa saxelobis<br />
eklesia, Tormeti mociqulis saxelobis<br />
eklesia, wmida giorgis saxelobis<br />
eklesia. kompleqsis samxreT karibWes-<br />
Tan aRmarTulia wm. ilia Tezbitelis<br />
saxelobis eklesia, xolo dasavleTi<br />
(centraluri) karibWis Tavze _ iveriis<br />
RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia.
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriaqis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />
21_23 noembers unda Catarebuliyo<br />
yvela taZris kurTxeva.<br />
pirvelad dagegmili iyo patara eklesiebis<br />
kurTxeva, xolo 23 noembers _<br />
uSualod wm. samebis taZris.<br />
21 noembers dilis 7 saaTidan<br />
samebis taZarSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva<br />
kuTxidan CamobrZandnen morwmuneebi.<br />
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis<br />
9 eparqiis winamZRvarma Seasrula<br />
samebis kompleqsSi ganTavsebuli 9<br />
taZris kurTxeva (teqnikuri mizezebis<br />
gamo ar ekurTxa xarebisa da iveriis<br />
RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia).<br />
taZris miwiszeda nawilSi mdebare<br />
oTxi eklesia akurTxes mRvdelm-<br />
Tavrebma:<br />
mTavarangelozTa saxelobis taZari<br />
_ quTaTel-gaenaTelma mitropolitma<br />
kalistratem (margalitaSvili);<br />
wmida ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis<br />
taZari _ borjomisa da bakurianis<br />
mTavarepiskoposma serafimem<br />
(jojua);<br />
wmida ninos saxelobis taZari _<br />
niqozisa da cxinvalis mTavarepiskoposma<br />
isaiam (Wanturia);<br />
wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis<br />
taZari _ gorisa da samTavisis<br />
episkoposma andriam (gvazava).<br />
akurTxes kompleqsis miwisqveSa<br />
nawilSi ganTavsebuli oTxi taZari:<br />
wmida nikolozis saxelobis taZari<br />
_ axalqalaqisa da kumurdos mTavarepiskoposma<br />
nikolozma ( faCuaSvili).<br />
yovelTa wmidaTa saxelobis taZari<br />
_ axalcixisa, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />
lazeTis mTavarepiskoposma Teodorem<br />
(WuaZe).<br />
Tormeti mociqulis saxelobis<br />
taZari _ xonisa da samtrediis mTavarepiskoposma<br />
sabam (gigiberiam).<br />
wmida giorgis saxelobis taZari _<br />
vanisa da baRdaTis mTavarepiskoposma<br />
antonma (buluxia).<br />
wmida samebis taZris ezoSi arsebuli<br />
wmida ilia Tezbitelis saxelobis<br />
taZari ki amba alaverdelma mitropolitma<br />
daviTma (maxaraZe) akurTxa.<br />
cxra taZris kurTxevis Semdeg<br />
mRvdelmTavrebma sazeimo wirva aRavlines.<br />
2004 wlis 23 noemberi, wm. samebis<br />
sakaTedro taZris kurTxeva, sruliad<br />
saqarTvelosaTvis udides dResaswaulad<br />
iqca. televiziam Tu presam 23<br />
noembramde karga xniT adre daiwyo<br />
am movlenisadmi miZRvnili gadacemebisa<br />
Tu publikaciebis momzadeba.<br />
iuneskos dadgenilebiT, saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqos gadawyvetilebiT 22_25<br />
noembers sazeimod aRiniSna `qristianobis<br />
oci saukune saqarTveloSi~.<br />
Catarda saerTaSoriso samecniero<br />
konferencia, romelSic monawileoba<br />
miiRes sxvadasxva qveynis mecnierebma<br />
da saeklesio moRvaweebma. misi uwmidesobis,<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqisa da<br />
wm. sinodis gadawyvetilebiT samebis<br />
sakaTedro taZris kurTxeva saerTosaxalxo<br />
zeimis _ `qristianobis oci<br />
saukune saqarTveloSi~_ Semadgeneli<br />
nawili gaxda.<br />
23 noembers, dilidanve aTasobiT<br />
morwmune ewvia elias mTas. wmida<br />
samebis sakTedro taZris kurTxeva dilis<br />
7 saaTze daiwyo da igi Caatares<br />
ninowmidisa da sagarejos episkoposma<br />
lukam, samTavisisa da goris episkoposma<br />
andriam da gurjaanisa da veliscixis<br />
episkoposma eqvTimem. trapezis<br />
kurTxeva daasrula sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma<br />
da unetaresma ilia II, ris Semdegac<br />
daiwyo sadResaswaulo wirva.<br />
wm. samebis taZris kurTxevas eswrebodnen<br />
saqarTvelos prezidenti m.<br />
saakaSvili, parlamentisa da mTavrobis<br />
wevrebi, mecnierebis, xelovnebis, biznesis,<br />
ucxoeTis diplomatiuri korpusisa<br />
da religiuri konfesiebis warmomadgenlebi.<br />
taZarSi my<strong>of</strong>T sityviT<br />
mimarTes saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma<br />
ilia II da saqarTvelos prezidentma<br />
mixeil saakaSvilma.<br />
118
kurTxevidan samma welma ganvlo.<br />
amJamad taZari ukve dasrulebulia. sam-<br />
Seneblo samuSaoebi mxolod kompleqsis<br />
ramdenime obieqtze mimdinareobs<br />
(sanaTlavi, seminaria-akademiis Senoba<br />
da muzeumi). taZari yovelTvis savsea<br />
mlocvelebiT. wm. samebis sakTedro<br />
taZari Cveni eris Seuryeveli rwmenis,<br />
erTobisa da SemarTebis simbolodaa<br />
aRmarTuli.<br />
119
saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebuli<br />
gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia<br />
damana meliqiSvili<br />
1994 wlis dasasruls quTaisis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis reqtoris,<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>. m. Toduas da qarTvel mecnier-<br />
Ta erTi jgufis iniciativiT gadawyda,<br />
dafuZnebuliyo gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />
akademia, romelic wm. daviT mefis mier<br />
XII saukuneSi, gelaTis monasterSi<br />
daarsebuli saswavleblis msgavsad<br />
simbolo unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo rwmenisa da<br />
codnisa. es azri moxsenda saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqs, mis uwmidesobas<br />
ilia II, romelic didi gulisxmierebiT<br />
gamoexmaura am cnobas _ man Tavis<br />
saaRdgomo epistoleSi sixaruliT<br />
amcno mrevls: `misasalmebelia, rom<br />
Cvens mecnierTa wreSi gaCnda survili<br />
da moTxovnileba gelaTis akademiis,<br />
rogorc samecniero centris aRdgenisa<br />
im saxiT, rogorc es iyo dadginebuli<br />
wmida mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />
mier. cnobilia, rom daviT mefis mecadineobiT<br />
gelaTis akademia iqca `sxuad<br />
aTinad da meore ierusalemad~, anu<br />
sulierebisa da mecnieruli kvlevis<br />
centrad... Cven mxari davuWireT inteligenciis<br />
am ideas da gadavwyviteT,<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sulieri<br />
mfarvelobiT da xelisuflebis aqtiuri<br />
TanadgomiT quTaisSi daarsdes<br />
gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia, sadac<br />
arCeul akademikosTa xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
damuSavdeba didi speqtri sulieri<br />
TvaliT danaxuli samecniero<br />
Temebisa. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba<br />
mieqceva bibliologias,RvTismetyvelebas,<br />
qarTvelologiur enaTmecnierul<br />
kvlevas, kulturuli, fsiqologiuri,<br />
anTropologiuri, eTikuri, istoriuli<br />
da sxva sakiTxebis gaSuqebas. aq erTad<br />
imoRvaweben Cveni cnobili saero mkvlevarni<br />
da sasuliero pirni. eklesiis<br />
cxovrebaSi iyo gamorCeuli periodebi,<br />
roca gansakuTrebulad Rvivdeboda<br />
saRvTismetyvelo azri. aseT dros sxvadasxva<br />
adgilze Cndeboda sulier-inteleqtualuri<br />
kerebi. vfiqrobT,gela-<br />
Tis akademiac msgavs savaned iqceva.~<br />
1995 wlis 14 marts uwmidesma da<br />
unetaresma saqarTvelos sapatriarqos<br />
rezidenciaSi moiwvia sainiciativo<br />
jgufis sxdoma, xolo amave wlis<br />
5 aprils wm. sinodis sxdomaze miRebul<br />
iqna ganCineba: `qarTveli erisa<br />
da sruliad saqarTvelos mosaxleobis<br />
sulieri ganmtkicebisaTvis, misi<br />
inteleqtualuri da zneobrivi ganvi-<br />
TarebisaTvis, q. quTaisSi, gelaTis akademiasTan,<br />
garda sasuliero saswavleblisa,<br />
daarsdes gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />
akademia da amiT aRdges wm. mefe daviT<br />
aRmaSeneblis mier dafuZnebuli<br />
gelaTis akademiis tradicia”.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II kurTxeviTa da TanadgomiT<br />
idea gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis<br />
daarsebisa ganxorcielda 1995 wlis<br />
25 maisis brZanebiT, romelsac xels<br />
120
aweren sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
ilia II da saqarTvelos<br />
respublikis parlamentis Tavmjdomare,saxelmwifos<br />
meTauri eduardgiorgi<br />
SevardnaZe. saqarTvelos axal<br />
istoriaSi es iyo pirveli SemTxveva,<br />
rodesac fuZemdeblur dokuments er-<br />
Tad moaweres xeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa<br />
da saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
meTaurebma.<br />
akademiis wesdeba, romlis mixedvi-<br />
Tac `gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia<br />
aris saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan<br />
arsebuli bibliologiuri da qarTvelologiuri<br />
samecniero dawesebuleba,<br />
saRvTismetyvelo da samecniero<br />
(humanitaruli da sabunebismetyvelo)<br />
kvleviTi da saganmanaTleblo (saswavlo)<br />
centri, Seqmnili saqarTvelos sasuliero<br />
da saero xelisuflebis er-<br />
Toblivi dadgenilebiT im mizniT, rom<br />
aRdges da gagrZeldes wm. mefe daviT<br />
aRmaSeneblis mier daarsebuli gela-<br />
Tis akademiis tradiciebi”, damtkicda<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II da saqarTvelos respublikis<br />
parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, saxelmwifos<br />
meTauris, eduard-giorgi SevardnaZis<br />
mier.<br />
wesdebis mixedviT, gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis wevrTa mudmivi<br />
raodenoba 21 wevriT ganisazRvreba.<br />
akademiis damfuZnebelTa rigSi iyo 14<br />
wevri: protopresviteri giorgi gamrekeli<br />
(bibliologia, RvTismetyveleba),<br />
istoriis mecn. doqt. pr<strong>of</strong>. zaza<br />
aleqsiZe (armenologia, eklesiis istoria),<br />
filos<strong>of</strong>iis mecn. doqt. pr<strong>of</strong>.<br />
†vitali kakabaZe (filos<strong>of</strong>ia, fsiqologia),<br />
filologiis mecn. doqtorebi,<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>esorebi: †korneli danelia<br />
(enaTmecniereba, teqstologia), magali<br />
Todua (iranistika, literaturaTmcodneoba),<br />
zurab kiknaZe (semitologia,<br />
bibliologia, folkloristika), damana<br />
meliqiSvili (enaTmecniereba, gelaTis<br />
saRvismetyvelo-literaturuli skola,<br />
121<br />
qarTuli filos<strong>of</strong>iur-Teologiuri<br />
terminologia), avTandil nikoleiSvili<br />
(qarTuli literaturis istoria),<br />
Tedo uTurgaiZe (enaTmecniereba, qar-<br />
Tuli da qarTveluri enebis Seswavlis<br />
istoria), mzeqala SaniZe (semitologia,<br />
teqstologia), zurab WumburiZe (enaTmecniereba,<br />
teqstologia), aleqsi Win-<br />
Warauli (enaTmecniereba, folkloristika);<br />
quTaisis sax. universitetis ma-<br />
Sindeli pr<strong>of</strong>esorebi: †akaki baqraZe<br />
(istoria, literaturaTmcodneoba), mixeil<br />
qurdiani (enaTmecniereba, literaturaTmcodneoba).<br />
gelaTis akademiis damfuZnebel<br />
wevrebs am akademiis samecniero wodebis<br />
`cnobis sigelebi~ 1995 wlis 20<br />
ivniss gadasca saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
ilia II. amave dRes gelaTis<br />
mecn. akademiis prezidentad arCeul<br />
iqna magali Todua, xolo swavlul<br />
mdivnad _ mixeil qurdiani.<br />
Semdgom, akademiis namdvil wevrebad<br />
arCeul iqnen saqarTvelos mecn. akademiis<br />
istoriisa da eTnografiis institutis<br />
wamyvani mecn.-TanamSromeli,<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis istorikosi<br />
†babilina lominaZe, medicinis mecn.<br />
doqt. pr<strong>of</strong>. guram kacitaZe (biologia,<br />
medicina) da teqnikur mecn. doqtori<br />
†arCil kostava (kreacionizmi).<br />
akademiidan gasuli da gardacvlili<br />
wevrebis vakantur adgilebze<br />
sxvadasxva dros akademiis namdvil<br />
wevrebad arCeul iqnen: filos<strong>of</strong>iis<br />
mecn. doqt. †Tamaz buaCiZe, filologiis<br />
mecn. doqtorebi: †zurab jafariZe<br />
(enaTmecniereba _ fonetika-fonologia)<br />
da ediSer WeliZe (bibliologia,<br />
patristika), istoriis mecn. doqtorebi:<br />
roland T<strong>of</strong>CiSvili (saqarTvelos<br />
istoria, eTnografia), giorgi mWedliZe<br />
(saqarTvelos istoria), iulon gagoSiZe<br />
(saqarTvelos istoria, arqeologia),<br />
xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqt.<br />
zaza sxirtlaZe (saqarTvelos istoria,<br />
arqiteqtura da xelovneba), iuridiul
mecn. doqt. mariam cacanaSvili (samar-<br />
Talmcodneoba), ekonomikur mecn. kand.<br />
jambul biwaZe (ekonomika). akademiis<br />
wevrebi arian agreTve: poeti tariel<br />
Wanturia, mwerali-kritikosi Tamaz<br />
wivwivaZe da mwerali-literaturaTmcodne<br />
levan bregaZe (2003 wlidan akademiis<br />
swavluli mdivani).<br />
gelaTis mecn. akademiis ucxoeli<br />
wevrebi arian cnobili qarTvelologebi:<br />
ian brauni (poloneTi),iost giperti<br />
(germania) da bernar utie (safrangeTi).<br />
gelaTis akademiis sapatio wevrebad<br />
1996 wels arCeul iqnen: sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi,uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II, saqarTvelos<br />
respublikis parlamentis Tavmjdomare,<br />
saxelmwifos meTauri eduard-giorgi<br />
SevardnaZe da imereTis maSindeli gubernatori,<br />
quTaisis meri Teimuraz Sa-<br />
SiaSvili.<br />
T. SaSiaSvilma SesaniSnavi samuSao<br />
pirobebi Seuqmna akademias: misi ZalisxmeviT<br />
akademias gadaeca orsarTuliani<br />
rezidencia wm. giorgis saxelobis<br />
taZris ezoSi; wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
igi afinansebda akademiis tradiciul<br />
erTkvirian konferenciebs, romlebic<br />
ixsneboda yoveli wlis 21 seqtembers<br />
gelaTSi, RvTismSoblobas, da sruldeboda<br />
jvarTamaRlebas, 27 seqtembers _<br />
quTaisSi.<br />
dasawyisSi akademias hqonda ori samecniero<br />
organo: `gelaTis mecniereba-<br />
Ta akademiis uwyebani~ (1996 w. gamovida<br />
2 nomeri. pirvelSi daibeWda qronika<br />
da fuZemdebluri dokumentebi, meoreSi<br />
_ akademiis wevrebis mier wakiTxuli<br />
moxsenebebi 1996 wlis seqtembris samecniero<br />
konferenciaze (red. m. qurdiani)<br />
da `weliwdeuli~ (1998 w. d. meliqiSvilis<br />
redaqtorobiT gamovida erTi<br />
nomeri, romelSic daibeWda d. meliqiSvilis<br />
samuSao jgufis naSromebi<br />
gelaTis Zveli akademiis literaturuli<br />
memkvidreobis irgvliv). usaxsrobis<br />
gamo am perioduli gamocemebis<br />
publkacia veRar gagrZelda.<br />
2002 wlis seqtembridan quTaisis<br />
sakrebulos finansuri xelSewyobiT<br />
gamodioda yovelTviuri `gelaTis<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnali~, romlis<br />
damaarsebeli da mTavari redaqtoria<br />
akademiis prezidenti magali<br />
Todua. 2004 wlis ivlisidan Jurnali<br />
gamodis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II locva-kurTxeviTa da<br />
materialuri xelSewyobiT. Jurnali<br />
mravaldargobrivia (Teologia, filologia,<br />
istoria, eTnografia, xelovnebaTmcodneoba,<br />
samarTali, ekonomika),<br />
masSi ibeWdeba gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis wevrebisa da maT mier rekomendebuli<br />
samecniero naSromebi. Jurnalis<br />
yovel nomers erTvis mecnieruli<br />
qronika, uaxlesi bibliografia da<br />
personaliebi.<br />
122
uwmidessa da unetaress,<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />
ilia II-s<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav!<br />
Tqveni aRsaydrebis 25 wlisa da dabadebis<br />
70 wlis Tavze gvsurs mogmarToT ara mxolod<br />
Tqven mier daarsebuli gelaTis mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis saxeliT, aramed Tqvenis RvawliT<br />
aRorZinebuli samwysos saxeliTac – sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokafaluri eklesiis<br />
dauZinebel moRvawesa da didebul muSaks yanisa<br />
qristesisa, qristianeTa siqaduls, ganmwmedels<br />
sjulisa, maSenebls eklesiaTa, eris sulier<br />
mamasa da ganmanaTlebels!<br />
rogorc Zvelni ityodnen, `viTar SeuZlos<br />
kacobrivman enaman jerovnad warmoTqma simxneTa<br />
da moTminebaTa TqvenTa” am rTulsa da<br />
gansacdelebiT aRsavse droSi.…<br />
rogorc netarma grigol xanZTelma aRaSena<br />
da ganamSvena eklesia-monastrebiT murvan yrusagan<br />
mooxrebul-gaveranebuli udabno taoklarjeTisa,<br />
ganacxovela da qalaq-yo igi, aseve<br />
Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav, RvTis mcnebaTagan<br />
gardadrekil qarTvelTa sulieri udabno gaacocxleT<br />
da aaRorZineT; sruliad ganSorebulni<br />
RvTisagan, moaqcieT da, viTarca keTilma<br />
mwyemsma, ganbneuli cxvari daubruneT uflis<br />
123
saxls; ganaSeneT, ganamSveneT da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />
eklesiis dideba aRadgineT.<br />
Tqvengan xSirad gvsmenia - `es drom moitanao”,<br />
magram xom cnobilia, rom TviT dro pirovnebas<br />
mohyavs, radgan, roca dgeba Jami, ufali gamoarCevs<br />
da aRamaRlebs erisagan Tavis rCeuls, romelsac ZaluZs<br />
tvirTva eris jvarisa. Tqven xarT is rCeuli,<br />
romelic ufalma mohmadla Cvens mravaltanjul<br />
ers misi naTlisaken da wmida eklesiisaken mosabruneblad.<br />
Tqveni uwmidesobis qadagebaSi mudam gamosWvivis<br />
sibrZne da sarwmunoeba daviT mefsalmunisa:<br />
`ara Tumca ufalman aRaSena saxli, cudad Surebian<br />
maSenebelni misni” (fsal. 126,1). am WeSmaritebiT<br />
moZRvravT TqvenTvis mondobil ers da, roca<br />
ki RvTis morCilebas miuCvevelsa da mcired morwmunes,<br />
yuri ar miugdia Tqveni darigebisaTvis, mudam<br />
uwvnevia marcxis simware..<br />
magram Tqven, rogorc WeSmarit mwyemsmTavars,<br />
moZRvars da mamas erisas, `ara gaqus Ãelmwifeba<br />
borotisa, aramed Sendobisa”. moTminebiT moeliT<br />
monanuls da bunebiT iqceviT ise, viTarca ityvis<br />
ufali: `wyalobaÁ mnebavs da ara msxuerpli, rame-<br />
Tu ara moved wodebad marTalTa, aramed codvilTa<br />
sinanulad” (maTe, 9,13). Tqvens locvasa da mowyale<br />
moTminebas adre Tu gvian codvilni mouyvania<br />
da kidevac moiyvans sinanulad.<br />
am ocdaxuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, romelsac Tqven<br />
`mziani Rame” uwodeT (radgan `erTi mxriv, wyvdiadi<br />
da mwuxarebaa, meore mxriv ki – uflis madli”,<br />
romelsac niadag grZnobT), umZimes sapatriarqo<br />
jvars zidavT, jvars erisas da eklesiisas.<br />
124
Tqven erisa da eklesiis – xorcieli keTilisa<br />
da sulieri keTilis – SenivTebiTa da SezavebiT<br />
iRvwiT qarTveli eris sulieri amaRlebisaTvis,<br />
sarwmunoebis erTobisa da erovnuli mTlianobisaTvis.<br />
am gzaze arasodes gtovebT imedi imisa,<br />
rom is `rwmena, is sinanuli, is siyvaruli, is<br />
Tavmdabloba, is gancda TvisTa codvaTa, romelsac<br />
flobdnen Cveni winaparni, Cvens erSi ueWvelad<br />
gamovlindeba”.<br />
gwamdeT, dido meufeo, rom Tqveni mociqulebrivi<br />
Rvawli keTil nay<strong>of</strong>s gamoiRebs da amieriTgan<br />
ueWvelad ixarebs udabnoi ese, Tqueni, qristes nebismy<strong>of</strong>eli<br />
keTili mwyemsis, locviTa da kurTxeviT.<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis da mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />
mTavarepiskoposisa, yovlad Rirsisa mamamTavrisa<br />
da didisa meufisa Cvenisa ilia II-isa – mravalmca<br />
arian welni!<br />
gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademia<br />
125
sasuliero cxovrebis dasawyisi<br />
(zagorskidan mcxeTis seminariis reqtorobamde)<br />
sergo vardosaniZe<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />
II 1942 wlis seqtemberSi q. orjonikiZis<br />
#22 saSualo skolis pirveli<br />
klasis moswavle gaxda. ojaxuri<br />
tradiciidan gamomdinare, patara irakli<br />
did dros uTmobda wirva-locvebs,<br />
Tumca es xels ar uSlida kargad eswavla<br />
saskolo sagnebi. gansakuTrebiT<br />
itacebda istoria, geografia, ucxo ena.<br />
1952 wlis ivnisSi irakli giorgis Ze<br />
SiolaSvilis saxelze Zaujiyaus (orjonikiZe_vladikavkazi)<br />
22-e skolis<br />
mier gaica atestati #946415. axalgazrda<br />
irakli moeTaTbira mSoblebs da<br />
miiRo im droisaTvis araordinaruli<br />
gadawyvetileba, swavla gaegrZelebina<br />
moskovis sasuliero seminariaSi, sadac<br />
RvTismetyvelebis SeswavlisaTvis<br />
saukeTeso pirobebi iyo: gamorCeuli<br />
pedagogebi, mdidari biblioTeka, seminariis<br />
zomierad mkacri Sinaganawesi.<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi siyvaruliTa<br />
da madlierebiT ixsenebs Tavis pedagogebs,<br />
romelnic gamoirCeodnen saocari<br />
pasuxismgeblobiTa da studentebis<br />
mimarT siyvaruliT. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo<br />
arqivSi daculi dokumentebi<br />
srul warmodgenas gviqmnis irakli SiolaSvilis<br />
moskovis sasuliero seminariasa<br />
da akademiaSi swavlis ZiriTad<br />
momentebze. I kursis niSnebis furceli,<br />
romelic Sevsebulia 1953 wlis 11 maiss,<br />
gvamcnobs, rom irakli SiolaSvils<br />
yvela saganSi aqvs `friadi~. II kursze<br />
mxolod berZnulSi aqvs `4~. III kursze<br />
yvela saganSi kvlav `friadi~ aqvs.<br />
moskovis sasuliero seminariis<br />
xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebiT, seminariaSi<br />
yovelwliurad tardeboda<br />
konkursi saukeTeso TxzulebaSi.<br />
irakli SiolaSvilma I kursze swavlis<br />
dros sakonkursod waradgina<br />
Txzuleba, romelmac pirveli adgili<br />
aiRo. gamarjvebuli dajildovda mitropolit<br />
filaretis fondidan 50 maneTiT,<br />
xolo troicki-sergeevis lavridan<br />
_ 30 maneTiT.<br />
1956_60 wlebSi irakli SiolaSvili<br />
zagorskis sasuliero akademiis<br />
studentia. sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia<br />
misi CaTvlis wignaki (niSnebis<br />
furclebi), romelsac xels aweren:<br />
akademiis inspeqtori v. sariCevi da<br />
mdivani n. muraviovi. akademiis kursdamTavrebul<br />
mRvdel-monazon ilias<br />
yvela saganSi friadi aqvs. sasuliero<br />
akademiaSi swavlis dros irakli SiolaSvils<br />
kidev ufro gaumZafrda dedaeklesiisa<br />
da samSoblos siyvaruli.<br />
amis dasturia misi werili sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresi melqisedek<br />
III-isadmi. werili imdenad mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom saWirod mimaCnia misi sruli<br />
saxiT warmodgena: `Tqveno uwmidesobav!<br />
gvakurTxeT...… aq, Cven wreSi vrceldeba<br />
xmebi imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelos<br />
126
eklesiis avtokefalia TiTqos dasasruls<br />
uaxlovdeba, radgan: 1) mTeli<br />
rigi eparqiebi umoqmedodaa, mRvdelm-<br />
Tavris gareSe da arc arsebobs saTanado<br />
kadri; 2) RvTismsaxurebis dros<br />
eklesiebSi morwmuneTa daswreba er-<br />
Tob mcirea; 3) saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesias ara aqvs seminaria,<br />
gamomcemloba, saeklesio muzeumi, wignsacavi,<br />
biblioTeka.<br />
laparakia imis Sesaxeb, rom cxumafxazeTis<br />
eparqiaSi ar iqneba daSvebuli<br />
axalxeldasxmuli qarTveli<br />
mRvdelmTavari (saubaria episkopos<br />
leonide Jvaniaze. _ s. v.) da rom<br />
mRvdelmTavarTa Soris arian iseTebic,<br />
romlebic araqarTvelTa Sorisac<br />
ki avrceleben ubadruk azrs saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis eparqiebis gamsxvilebis<br />
aucileblobis Sesaxeb.<br />
zemoT moyvanili ZiriTadi problemebis<br />
irgvliv Tqven mier miRebuli<br />
zomebi, saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis<br />
TavmjdomaresTan Sexvedris CaTvliT,<br />
CvenTvis cnobilia, magram zogierTi<br />
mware sinamdvilis gamo vaZlevT Tavs<br />
nebas, rom Tqveni yuradReba mivapyroT<br />
Semdeg garemoebas: sabWoTa mTavrobis<br />
saTanado dadgenilebis safuZvelze<br />
ruseTis, ukrainis, somxeTis da<br />
sxva mokavSire respublikebSi arsebobs<br />
sasuliero seminaria-akademiebi,<br />
xdeba RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro<br />
literaturis gamocema, xatebis gamravleba,<br />
eklesia-monastrebis aRdgena-ganaxleba.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesias<br />
Tu upiratesoba ara aqvs, gamonakliss<br />
mainc ar warmoadgens, mxolod saWiroa<br />
am iuridiuli uflebis adgilobrivi<br />
mTavrobis meSveobiT gamoyeneba: saqarTvelos<br />
ssr xelisufalT, arsebuli<br />
wesis dacviT, materialuri SesaZleblobis<br />
farglebSi waredginos werilobiTi<br />
saxis ganacxadi saqarTvelos<br />
avtokefaliuri eklesiis sasicocxlo<br />
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb da energiulad<br />
iqnes moTxovnili: pirvel rigSi, seminariis<br />
(ara kursebis) gaxsna, saWiro<br />
127<br />
literaturis gamocema, saeklesio muzeumis,<br />
wignsacavis daarseba, gela-<br />
Tis, wilknis, nikorwmindis, yazbegis,<br />
ananuris, goris eklesiebSi RvTismsaxurebis<br />
uflebis aRdgena-ganaxleba...<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis da misi meTauris<br />
mtersa da orguls Cvens pirad<br />
mtrad vTvliT, magram ganuxorcielebeli<br />
gandidebis survilis gamo ganawyenebulni,<br />
patriarqis SorsmWvreteli<br />
gonebis TvaliT da keTili nebiT<br />
SeiZleba Cayenebul iqnen saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis sakeTildReo saqmianobaSi...<br />
qarTveli eris siamaye, siwmide da<br />
dideba _ `sveticxoveli~ ara marto<br />
Cveni xalxis, aramed ucxoelTa yuradRebasac<br />
imsaxurebs da amis gamo<br />
mis wminda midamoebSi Tqveni locvakurTxeviT<br />
saeklesio muzeum-wignsacavis<br />
gaxsna yovelmxriv gamarTlebuli<br />
iqneboda. Tqveni mowodebiT mosaxleobaSi<br />
gabneuli istoriuli Tu<br />
siZveleTa dacvis TvalsazrisiT bevri<br />
didmniSvnelovani saeklesio daniSnulebis<br />
nivTi, wigni, wmida xatebi,<br />
jvari da sxva aRmoCndeboda eklesiis<br />
sakuTrebaSi, e. i. daculi iqneboda<br />
SesaZlebeli ganadgurebisagan. mzad<br />
varT am didi saqmisaTvis gaviRoT piradi<br />
biblioTekac. saaRdgomo ardadegebisaTvis<br />
SesaZloa veaxloT Tqvens<br />
uwmidesobas da Tqveni miTiTebiT da<br />
locva-kurTxeviT, arsebuli wesis dacviT<br />
sadResaswaulo qadagebebiT mivmar-<br />
ToT morwmune sazogadoebas. Rrma pativiscemiT<br />
geamborebiT da gamoviTxov<br />
Tqvens wmida locva-kurTxevas~. i. SiolaSvili,<br />
zagorski, 1957wlis 12 Tebervali.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis umZimesi mdgomareoba mosvenebas<br />
ar aZlevda axalgazrda students<br />
da aseTi Tamami, magram samarTliani<br />
gancxadebiT mimarTavda igi uwmidessa<br />
da unetaress melqisedek III.<br />
zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi<br />
swavlis dros mRvdel-monazonma iliam<br />
sakvalifikacio Temad airCia `aTonis<br />
iverTa monastris istoria~. rusu-
lenovani masalebis moZiebisa da damuSavebis<br />
Semdeg igi Sexvda zagorskis<br />
akademiis reqtors dekanoz k. ruJickis<br />
da sTxova ramdenime TviT saqarTvelo-<br />
Si wamosvlis nebarTva qarTulenovani<br />
literaturis srulad Seswavlis<br />
mizniT. 1959 wlis 4 ivnisiTaa daTari-<br />
Rebuli reqtor k. ruJickis momarTva<br />
saqarTvelos erovnuli biblioTekis,<br />
centraluri arqivis, Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis xelmZRvanelobis<br />
saxelze, raTa maT TavianTi dawesebulebebis<br />
biblioTekebis wignsacavebsa<br />
da xelnawerTa gany<strong>of</strong>ilebaSi samuSaod<br />
dauSvan sasuliero akademiis<br />
IV kursis studenti irakli giorgis<br />
Ze SiolaSvili.<br />
mRvdel-monazonma iliam ramdenime<br />
Tve imuSava Tbilisis biblioTekebSi,<br />
miiRo kompetenturi rCevebi qarTveli<br />
mecnierebisagan. 1960 wlis ivnisSi zagorskis<br />
akademiaSi Sedga sakvalifikacio<br />
naSromis sajaro dacva. <strong>of</strong>icialurma<br />
oponentebma pr<strong>of</strong>esorebma<br />
n. muraviovma da a. georgievskim maRali<br />
Sefaseba misces warmodgenil naSroms.<br />
moskovis zagorskis sasuliero<br />
akademiis reqtoratma sagangebo weriliT<br />
mimarTa moskovisa da sruliad<br />
ruseTis patriarqs, uwmides aleqsi I,<br />
raTa saukeTeso naSromisaTvis RvTismetyvelebis<br />
kandidati mRvdel-monazoni<br />
ilia daejildoebina. saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqo arqivSi daculia mRvdelmonazon<br />
ilia SiolaSvilis zagorskis<br />
akademiis mier gacemuli warCinebis<br />
diplomi, romelsac xels aweren akademiis<br />
reqtori dekanozi k. ruJicki,<br />
inspeqtori arqimandriti pitirimi, mdivani<br />
a. ostapovi.<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II avtobiografiaSi<br />
aRniSnavs: `sasuliero<br />
akademiis samecniero sabWom daadgina,<br />
me vy<strong>of</strong>iliyavi datovebuli akademia-<br />
Si pr<strong>of</strong>esorTa stipendiatad, magram<br />
Cemi eris siyvarulma mimatovebina es<br />
yvelaferi da momiyvana saqarTvelo-<br />
Si~. igi eaxla sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
128<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmidessa da unetaress<br />
efrem II da aseTi gancxadebiT<br />
mimarTa: `Tqveno uwmidesobav! gacnobebT,<br />
rom 1960 wels davamTavre moskovis<br />
sasuliero akademia. gTxovT momceT<br />
samsaxuri, gamgzavnoT iq, sadac Tqven<br />
cnobT saWirod~. uwmidesma efrem II<br />
mRvdel-monazoni ilia daniSna baTumis<br />
sakaTedro taZris mRvdelmsaxurad.<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />
avtobiografiaSi vkiTxulobT: `1960<br />
wlis 19 dekembers uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
efrem II mier aRyvanil viyavi iRumenis<br />
xarisxSi, xolo 1961 wlis 16 seqtembers<br />
_ arqimandritis pativSi. 1963<br />
wlis 25 agvistos xeldasxmul viqeni<br />
Semoqmedel episkoposad da patriarqis<br />
qorepiskoposad. 1963 wlidan var<br />
mcxeTis samoZRvro saRvTismetyvelo<br />
kursebis xelmZRvaneli~.<br />
axalgazrda mRvdelmTavari energiulad<br />
Seudga mcxeTis samoZRvro<br />
kursebis sasuliero seminariad gadakeTebisaTvis<br />
niadagis momzadebas.<br />
akademiaSi miRebulma farTo ganaTlebam<br />
mas saSualeba misca maRal doneze<br />
daeyenebina rogorc disciplinis,<br />
aseve saswavlo procesis sakiTxebi.<br />
Semoqmedelma episkoposma seminariaSi<br />
samuSaod miiwvia cnobili mecnierebi,<br />
Seadgines saswavlo programebi, saleqcio<br />
konspeqtebi. sistematurad tardeboda<br />
pedsabWos sxdomebi. igi saswavlebelSi<br />
momxdar mniSvnelovan<br />
RonisZiebebs uTanxmebda uwmidessa da<br />
unetares efrem II. `Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />
gvakurTxeT, zeg saSobaod studentebs<br />
vuSvebT ardadegebze. xval, 12 saaTze,<br />
vfiqrobT pedsabWos mowvevas. CvenTvis<br />
metad sasiamovno da sasargeblo iqneba,<br />
Tu CamobrZandebiT da daeswrebiT.<br />
episkoposi ilia~. uwmidesi efrem II<br />
pedsabWos yvela sxdomas eswreboda.<br />
mcxeTis sasuliero seminaria Semoqmedeli<br />
episkoposis, ilias Tavdadebuli<br />
SromiT Rirseul saswavleblad<br />
iqca. uamravi problema da winaaRmdegoba<br />
daZleul iqna. yovelive amis Sesaxeb
daufaravad mogviTxrobs 1972 wlis 26<br />
maisiT daTariRebuli cxum-afxazeTis<br />
mitropolitis, ilias gancxadeba saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
wmida sinodisadmi: `rogorc mogexsenebaT,<br />
_ werda igi, _ 1963 wlidan misi<br />
uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis, sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
efrem II didi SromiTa da mecadineobiT<br />
mcxeTaSi gaixsna sasuliero<br />
seminaria, romlis xelmZRvanelad me<br />
viyavi daniSnuli. es iyo axali didi<br />
saqme, rasac sWirdeboda energia da gamocdileba.<br />
arc me da arc maswavleblebi<br />
ar viSurebdiT Zalas seminariis<br />
ganmtkicebisa da gaZlierebisaTvis. am<br />
wlebis ganmavlobaSi Cven SevxvdiT<br />
bevr winaaRmdegobas da siZneleebs.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, mainc SevZeliT saswavlebeli<br />
myar niadagze dagveyenebina.<br />
me ar uarvy<strong>of</strong> imas, rom seminariis<br />
kursdamTavrebulTagan yvelam ver<br />
gaamarTla Cveni imedebi da ver gamoiCina<br />
moZRvris maRali Tvisebebi... miuxedavad<br />
zogierTi arasasurveli faqtisa,<br />
vxedavT,rom seminariis kursdamTavrebulTa<br />
umetesi nawili dRes Tavdadebulad<br />
emsaxureba saqarTvelos eklesias.<br />
gulistkiviliT unda mogaxsenoT, rom<br />
am cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi daxmarebis<br />
magivrad mesmoda mxolod kritika~.<br />
mcxeTis sasuliero saswavleblis<br />
kursdamTavrebulT rekomendaciis<br />
safuZvelze ugamocdod iRebdnen<br />
zagorskis sasuliero akademiaSi. zagorskis<br />
sasuliero akademia gansakuTrebiT<br />
afasebda Tavis y<strong>of</strong>il students,<br />
aw saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis mitropolits. 1978 wlis<br />
16 Tebervals zagorskis sasuliero<br />
akademiam sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi<br />
ilia II akademiis sapatio wevrad air-<br />
Cia. misi uwmidesoba moskovis seminariasa<br />
da akademiaSi gatarebul studentobis<br />
wlebs cxovrebis naTel periods<br />
uwodebs da moskovSi yoveli vizitis<br />
Jams stumrobs zagorskis akademias da<br />
amiT kidev erTxel adasturebs sasuliero<br />
pirisaTvis, eklesiisaTvis ra<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs safuZvlian ganaTlebas.<br />
misi uwmidesobis patriarqobis 30-<br />
wliani xana xom mecnierebisa da gana-<br />
Tlebis mxardaWeris xanaa.<br />
literatura<br />
1. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. saqaRalde #1264, dok. 8265.<br />
2. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. kaTolikos-patriarq melqisedek<br />
III fondi. #2718<br />
3. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. f. 1264. dok. #8265.<br />
4. iqve, gv. 8.<br />
5. iqve, gv. 10.<br />
6. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
ilia II saqaRalde #1264. dok. 2265.<br />
7. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
ilia II saqaRalde #1264. dok. 2265, gv. 15.<br />
8. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, saqaRalde 1264. dok. 2265<br />
129
sergo vardosaniZe<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis<br />
sagareo urTierTobebi 1977_2007 wlebSi<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisa<br />
da pirveli saeklesio krebis<br />
mier sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-paqtriarqad<br />
kirion II arCevis<br />
Semdeg uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion<br />
II daiwyo seriozuli muSaoba,raTa mar-<br />
Tlmadidebel da aramarTlmadidebel<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lios mkafio warmodgena Seqmnoda,<br />
ra moxda saqarTveloSi da ar aRmoCeniliyvnen<br />
ruseTis sapatriarqos mier<br />
gavrcelebuli tendenciuri informaciebis<br />
tyveobaSi. pirvel yovlisa, iyo<br />
survili ruseTis eklesiasTan megobruli<br />
urTierTobis damyarebisa, magram<br />
1917 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis axalarCeulma<br />
patriarqma tixonma saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
maRal ierarqebs mcxeTaSi 1917 wlis<br />
12 (25) marts miRebuli dokumentis gauqmebisa<br />
da sinanulisaken mouwoda, amitom<br />
25 wlis manZilze saqarTvelosa<br />
da ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa<br />
Soris evqaristuli kavSiri ar arsebobda<br />
.<br />
1943 wlis 31 oqtombers daZabuli<br />
molaparakebebis Semdeg ruseTis patriarqma<br />
<strong>of</strong>icialurad aRiara saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
teritoriuli avtokefalia, 1917 wlis<br />
12(25) martis sveticxovlis damoukideblobis<br />
aqtis kanoniereba da mrevlisadmi<br />
mimarTvaSi daadastura saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan<br />
evqaristuli kavSiris aRdgena. ruse-<br />
Tis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenis dokuments<br />
xels aweren: patriarqi sergi, sinodis<br />
mudmivi wevrebi: mitropolitebi aleqsi,<br />
nikolozi, mTavarepiskoposebi andrei,<br />
aleqsi, ioane.<br />
saqarTveloSi <strong>of</strong>icialuri megobruli<br />
vizitiT 1946 wels CamobrZanda<br />
ruseTis patriarqi, uwmidesi aleqsi I,<br />
1958 wels igi meored Camovida saqarTveloSi,<br />
1945_48 wlebSi uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi kalistrate stumrobda<br />
moskovs. 1951_70-ian wlebSi moskovSi<br />
araerTxel Catarda sabWoTa kavSirSi<br />
arsebul religiur konfesiaTa meTaurebis<br />
Sexvedra, samSvidobo konferenciebi.<br />
am SexvedrebSi monawileobdnen<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqebi: melqisedek<br />
III, efrem II, daviT V, ilia II.<br />
ruseTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiaTa Soris arsebuli yvelanairi<br />
gaugebroba warsuls Cabarda.<br />
1977 wlis 25 dekembers uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II aRsaydrebaze<br />
warmoTqmul sityvaSi moskovisa da<br />
sruliad ruseTis patriarqi pimeni am<br />
sityviT miesalma saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
meTaurs: `ruseTis marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesia, aRsavse uRrmesi pativiscemiT<br />
Tavisi erTmorwmune, moZme qar-<br />
Tuli eklesiisadmi, guliT xarobs am<br />
130
131<br />
uwmides taZarSi gamefebuli sixaruliTa<br />
da zeimiT. es sixaruli wmindaa<br />
da naTeli, Cvenc sixarulma mogviyvana<br />
aq, raTa erTxel kidev davudasturoT<br />
keTilmorwmune qarTvel ers da mis<br />
Rirseul mwyemsmTavars sruliad ruseTis<br />
samwysos siyvaruli~. sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II patriarq<br />
pimenis am pozicias pativiscemiTa da<br />
ruseTis eklesiisadmi siyvaruliT pasuxobda.<br />
1978 wlis maisSi man monawileoba<br />
miiRo ruseTSi patriarqobis<br />
aRdgenidan 60 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil<br />
sazeimo RonisZiebaSi. aq igi Sexvda da<br />
momavali urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis<br />
sakiTxebze esaubra ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos<br />
warmomadgenlebs, mitropolitebs<br />
melitonsa da barTolomeoss<br />
(axlandel ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs), ierusalimis<br />
eklesiidan _ mitropolit<br />
germanes, rumineTis eklesiidan _ mitropolit<br />
Teoqstites (axlandeli patriarqi),<br />
bulgareTis patriarq maqsimes,eladis<br />
eklesiis warmomadgenels<br />
mitropolit varnavas, kviprosis eklesiis<br />
meTaurs mTavarepiskopos qrizostomoss,<br />
Cexoslovakiis eklesiis<br />
meTaurs doroTes, poloneTis eklesiis<br />
meTaurs mitropolit vasilis,<br />
amerikisa da kanadis marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis meTaurs mTavarepiskopos<br />
Teodoss, somxuri eklesiis meTaurs<br />
patriarq-kaTolikos vazgen I. miesalma<br />
ra ruseTis eklesiis meTaurs, uwmides<br />
pimens, man aRniSna: `rusuli eklesiis<br />
aTaswlovani istoria es aris qristes<br />
jvrismtvirTvelobis aTaswlovani gza,<br />
es aris wmindanTa dasebi, es aris qristianuli<br />
siyvaruli, es aris brZola<br />
WeSmariti rwmenisa da mamulisaTvis,<br />
es aris sulier faseulobaTa Seqmna<br />
da zrunva maTi SenarCunebisaTvis~. uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II yovelTvis<br />
pativiscemiT ixseniebda ruseTis<br />
patriarqebs: uwmides aleqsi I, uwmides<br />
pimens. man 1990 wels patriarq pimenis<br />
dakrZalvaze ase daaxasiaTa igi: `rodesac<br />
Cven uwmidesi patriarqis _ pimenis<br />
cxovrebas Soridan vuyurebT, vxedavT<br />
mxolod mis sidiades, gvaxsendeba<br />
sadResaswaulo RvTismsaxurebani,<br />
wirva-locvani, magram ver vxedavT im<br />
mZime gansacdelsa da devnas, romelic<br />
man gadaitana, ver vxedavT im Tavganwirul<br />
msaxurebas, mis uZilo, locviT<br />
gaTenebul Rameebs, mis cremlebsa da<br />
tanjvas, im mZime jvars, romelic mas<br />
Tavisi mxrebiT mihqonda~. uwmidesma da<br />
unetaresma ilia II axalarCeul patriarq<br />
aleqsi II tradiciuli megobroba<br />
da urTierTTanamSromloba SesTavaza.<br />
XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi bolSevikebis<br />
mier modernizebuli ruseTis<br />
sabWoTa imperia _ sabWoTa kavSiri<br />
daiSala. es procesi y<strong>of</strong>ili sabWoTa<br />
respublikebisaTvis, maT Soris saqarTvelosaTvis,<br />
sakmaod mtkivneuli<br />
aRmoCnda. ruseTis politikuri wreebis<br />
waqezebiTa da mxardaWeriT ga-<br />
Zlierda separatistuli tendenciebi<br />
saqarTvelos istoriul miwa-wyalze<br />
_ afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi.<br />
ruseTma, faqtobrivad, moaxdina am teritoriebis<br />
aneqsia, Tumca saerTaSoriso<br />
sazogadoebas jiutad umtkicebs,<br />
rom igi regionSi icavs mSvidobas<br />
da stabilurobas, im fonze, rodesac<br />
300 000 qarTveli gamoZevebulia afxazeTis<br />
teritoriidan, 14 000-ze meti ki<br />
moklulia sakuTar miwa-wyalze, daxvrites<br />
mRvdeli mama andria, daarbies<br />
eklesiebi. samwuxarod, ruseTis mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesia Tavis bundovan<br />
gancxadebebSi TiTqos gmobda Zaladobas,<br />
magram am yvelaferSi iribad<br />
qarTvelebs adanaSaulebda. ruseTis<br />
patriarqma aleqsi II TbilisSi y<strong>of</strong>nisas<br />
Tavi aarida am problemebze msjelobas.<br />
cxum-afxazeTisa da cxinvalis<br />
eparqiebidan separatistebis mier<br />
gamoZevebulia qarTveli samRvdeloeba,<br />
am dros ruseTis eklesia saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqos gverdis avliT cdilobs<br />
iq rusi sasuliero pirebis damkvidrebas<br />
da amas amarTlebs mosaxleobis
132<br />
religiuri moTxovnilebiT. iseT viTarebasTan<br />
gvaqvs saqme, rom rogorc ruseTis<br />
saxelmwifo, aseve eklesia sajarod<br />
aRiareben saqarTvelos teritoriul<br />
mTlianobas, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
teritoriul avtokefalias, magram<br />
sinamdvileSi piriqiT iqcevian. am<br />
mxriv Tundac is faqti rad Rirs, rom<br />
cxinvalis separatistuli SeiaraRebuli<br />
formirebis aRlumze ruseTis vladikavkazis<br />
eparqiis winamZRoli monawileobs?!<br />
ruseTis `patriot mecnierTa~<br />
wreebSi gaCnda mosazrebani axali aTonis<br />
monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis<br />
dabrunebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />
II mkacrad gmobs yovelive amas. ruseTis<br />
patriarq aleqsi II-sadmi gagzavnil<br />
werilSi igi aRniSnavs: `me miviRe<br />
sakmaod ucnauri da gaugebari werili<br />
da aucileblad miviCnie igi gamecno<br />
TqvenTvis, miT umetes, igi rusuli da<br />
qarTuli avtokefaliuri eklesiebis<br />
urTierTobebs exeba...… upirveles yovlisa,<br />
gvaocebs, ratom erevian mecnierebi<br />
ori Zmuri avtokefaliuri eklesiis<br />
urTierTobaSi, vin misca maT amis<br />
uflebamosileba. me ar vfiqrob, rom es<br />
Tqvengan miecaT. mtkiceba axali aTonis<br />
monastris ruseTis eklesiisaTvis<br />
dabrunebisa im motiviT, rom igi rusi<br />
ostatebis, rusi xalxisa da ruseTis<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis xarjebiT<br />
moxda, arasworia. me SemiZlia mravali<br />
magaliTi moviyvano imis Taobaze, rom<br />
bevri qarTuli taZari da Senoba moskovSi,<br />
peterburgsa da ruseTis sxva<br />
qalaqebSi qarTveli mefeebisa da Tavadebis<br />
mier aris aSenebuli. Cven rom<br />
dRes erTmaneTs msgavsi pretenziebi<br />
wavuyenoT, es ar Seuwyobs xels Cveni<br />
xalxebisa da eklesiebis megobrobas.<br />
garda amisa,minda SegaxsenoT,1943 wels<br />
ruseTis eklesiam rodesac aRiara saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
teritoriuli avtokefalia, saqarTveloSi<br />
arsebuli yvela rusuli samwyso<br />
da monasteri saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
iurisdiqcias gadaeca~. patriarqma<br />
aseve mkacrad dagmo vladikavkazisa da<br />
stavropolis mitropolitis gedeonis<br />
mcdeloba `samxreT oseTis xalxisaTvis<br />
sulieri daxmarebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb~<br />
da dasZina: `upirveles yovlisa,<br />
meufe gedeonma albaT unda icodes,<br />
rom y<strong>of</strong>ili samxreT oseTis teritoria<br />
saqarTvelos uZvelesi teritoriaa,<br />
Tavisi gancxadebiT igi mtrobas Tesavs<br />
ara mxolod qarTvelebsa da osebs, aramed<br />
qarTvelebsa da rusebs Sorisac~.<br />
samwuxarod, ruseTis eklesiam mkafiod<br />
ver gasca pasuxi, Tu ratom xdeba yovelive<br />
es, verc 1992 wlis oqtomberSi,<br />
rodesac uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia<br />
II mimarTa ruseTis patriarq aleqsi<br />
II da sTxova, gamoeyenebina Tavisi avtoriteti<br />
afxazeTSi datrialebuli<br />
sisxlisRvris SesaCereblad, da verc<br />
Semdgom. ruseT-saqarTvelos politikuri<br />
urTierTobebis istoriaSi<br />
yvelaze rTuli arc amoucnobi niSnis<br />
TviTmfrinavebiT saqarTvelos mosaz-<br />
Rvre teritoriebis permanentuli dabombva,<br />
arc ekonomikuri blokada da<br />
arc ormagi standartis politika aRmoCnda,<br />
aramed 2006 wlis Semodgomaze<br />
qarTvelTa damamcirebeli deportacia<br />
ruseTis sxvadasxva qalaqidan da eTnikuri<br />
niSnis mixedviT maTi devna.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ori qveynis<br />
urTierToba saSiS zRvars gadascda.<br />
am viTarebaSi ruseTis sapatriarqos<br />
mier saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />
II miwveva moskovSi marTlmadidebeli<br />
enciklopediis me-13 tomis prezentaciaze<br />
dasaswrebad scildeboda enciklopediis<br />
prezentaciis farglebs.<br />
viziti 2007 wlis 1_5 marts Sedga. patriarqi<br />
am dros saqarTvelos saero<br />
da sasuliero winamZRoli iyo. mravalricxovani<br />
qarTuli delegacia<br />
fiqrobda, msjelobda, rogori Sedegebi<br />
eqneboda am vizits. yvela Relavda,<br />
mSvidad mxolod misi uwmidesoba iyo.
man pirvelsave <strong>of</strong>icialur Sexvedraze<br />
mkafiod ganacxada: `Cven CamovediT<br />
friad sapasuxismgeblo dros, rodesac<br />
ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebi<br />
sagrZnoblad garTulda...…<br />
vimedovnebT, rom es urTierTobebi<br />
uaxloes momavalSi gaumjobesdeba da<br />
mivxvdebiT, rom mezobel saxelmwifoebs<br />
Soris urTierTobebi unda iyos<br />
stabiluri da megobruli. Cven erTmaneTs<br />
vWirdebiT. arsebobs SesaniSnavi<br />
brZnuli gamonaTqvami: diliT, amomaval<br />
mzeze adre xedav mezobels…...<br />
saqarTvelos sWirdeba erTiani megobruli<br />
ruseTi,masac unda sWirdebodes<br />
erTiani megobruli saqarTvelo...~.<br />
patriarqma 4 marts moskovis<br />
macxovris sakaTedro taZarSi uwmides<br />
aleqsi II-sTan erToblivi RvTismsaxurebis<br />
Semdeg mTeli ms<strong>of</strong>lios gasagonad<br />
ganacxada: `problemebi, romlebic<br />
warmoiSvnen afxazeTsa da cxinvalis<br />
regionSi, RvTis madliT gadawydeba<br />
qarTuli saxelmwifos, saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
wiaRSi, xolo arCevnebi, romelic dRes<br />
tardeba afxazeTSi, saidanac 300 000<br />
mkvidri mcxovrebi gamoZevebulia, ar<br />
SeiZleba CaiTvalos legitimurad~.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
meTaurma kidev erTxel dagvanaxva,<br />
rom politika rTuli xelovnebaa,<br />
magram, rogorc azvirTebul okeaneSi<br />
gemis brZen winamZRols SeuZlia misi<br />
samSvidoboze gayvana, mis uwmidesobas<br />
Seswevs Zala urTules diplomatiur<br />
labirinTebSi mSvidad gaiaros, Tavisi<br />
qveynisa da dedaeklesiis interesebi<br />
daicvas taqtiTa da RirsebiT.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
samociqulo eklesiis meTauri 1917_18<br />
wlebSi uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion<br />
II gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas ani-<br />
Webda konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan<br />
urTierTobis damyarebas.<br />
1811 wlis Semdeg, rodesac ruse-<br />
Tis imperatorma aleqsandre I gaauqma<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia,<br />
133<br />
konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan<br />
gawyda mravalsaukunovani<br />
kavSiri. uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion<br />
II ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs, basili III<br />
werilSi mokled mouTxrobda saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesiis istorias 1811_1917 wlebSi,<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenas da acxadebda:<br />
`gulisxma vyav brZanebasa mociqulisasa<br />
Tanaxmad erTobisa mas sulisasa<br />
sakvirveliTa…... siyvaruliT mogikiTxav<br />
unetareso mamao da wrfeliTa guliTa<br />
giTxra: `qriste ars Cven Soris~,<br />
Rvawli Cemda iqnebis dacvai doRmatTa<br />
marTlmadideblobisaTa,romelTa arca<br />
gamcemel y<strong>of</strong>il ars eklesiai Cveni,<br />
gzad Cemda iqmnebis zrunvai keTildgomisaTvis<br />
wmidaTa RmerTisa eklesiaTa<br />
da keTili warmatebisaTvis erisa<br />
Cemisa zRuded Cemda iqmnebis kanonni~.<br />
konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqo<br />
ruseTis eklesiis gavleniT<br />
erideboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiasTan urTierTobas XX saukunis<br />
20-60-ian wlebSi. erTaderTi Sem-<br />
Txveva 1928 wels ukavSirdeba, rodesac<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesias axal stilze<br />
gadasvlis gamo mxardaWera sTxova.<br />
bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis xanaSi<br />
sxva marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan<br />
piradi kontaqtebi gaZnelebuli iyo.<br />
konstantinopolis sapatriarqo sab-<br />
WoTa kavSiris mier mtrul samxedro<br />
organizaciad aRiarebuli `natos~<br />
wevri qveynis, TurqeTis teritoriaze<br />
mdebareobda da <strong>of</strong>icialuri xelisufleba<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesias ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan<br />
urTierTobas ukrZalavda. dRes xSirad<br />
kamaToben imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad<br />
iyo gamarTlebuli 1962 wels sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis efrem II<br />
Tanxmoba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sab-<br />
WoSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb. am organizaciis<br />
egidiT mowyobil samSvidobo
forumze saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis warmomadgenlebs miecaT<br />
saSualeba,ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiaTa meTaurebisaTvis mkafiod<br />
ganemartaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
samociqulo eklesiis istoriuli<br />
avtokefaliis arsi da moeTxovaT<br />
maTgan am avtokefaliis aRiareba.<br />
1963 wels Semoqmedeli episkoposi<br />
ilia monawileobda kunZul rodosze<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebis<br />
SexvedraSi, sadac saqarTvelos<br />
eklesia yvelaze axalgazrda<br />
avtonomiur eklesiad gamoacxades.<br />
amas mohyva meufe ilias mwvave reaqcia.<br />
man ganumarta damswreT, rom saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia aris<br />
uZvelesi samociqulo avtokefaliuri<br />
eklesia da moiTxovs Sesabamis pativiscemas.<br />
rodosidan dabrunebulma<br />
episkoposma iliam vrcel moxsenebiT<br />
baraTSi uwmidessa da unetares efrem<br />
II auxsna saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis irgvliv Seqmnili vi-<br />
Tareba. uwmidesma da unetaresma efrem<br />
II mas daavala emuSava saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
saerTaSoriso aRiarebisaTvis,<br />
mecnierebTan TanamSromlobiT moeZia<br />
avtokefaliis istoriuli mtkicebulebani.<br />
daiwyo am mimarTulebiT daZabuli<br />
muSaoba. 1970 wlis 2 marts uwmidessa<br />
da unetares efrem II samuSao dRiurSi<br />
aseTi Canaweri gaukeTebia: `konstantinopolis<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi Cvens<br />
eklesiasTan ar aris keTilad ganwyobili,cnobilma<br />
viRacam (?) yurSi borotad<br />
CauCurCula, Cvens patriarqobas ar<br />
cnobs... Cven Cvens gzas vagrZelebT~.<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
istoriuli avtokefaliis aRiarebis<br />
sakiTxebze intensiuri molaparakebebi<br />
gagrZelda uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II locva-kurTxeviT. 1978<br />
wlis 1_4 ivniss patriarqis mowveviT<br />
TbilisSi imy<strong>of</strong>eboda ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos<br />
delegacia, romelsac xelmZ-<br />
Rvanelobda qalkedonis mitropoliti<br />
melitoni. delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
iyvnen: filadelfiis mitropoliti<br />
barTolomeosi (axlandeli ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
patriarqi), SvedeTis mitropoliti<br />
pavle. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi<br />
gaimarTa pirveli seriozuli molaparakeba<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis aRiarebis sakiTxebze.<br />
1978 wlis 16 ivniss sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma<br />
da unetaresma ilia II sapatriarqo<br />
rezidenciaSi Sexvedra mouwyo qarTvel<br />
mecnierebs. Sexvedras eswrebodnen<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>esorebi: m. lorTqifaniZe,<br />
n. lomouri, o. jafariZe, p. zaqaraia,<br />
S. lomsaZe, i. sixaruliZe, g. mamulia, n.<br />
asaTiani, r. siraZe, a. bogveraZe, d. gogolaZe,<br />
T. beraZe, i. lolaSvili, b.<br />
lominaZe. uwmidesma da unetaresma qarTvel<br />
mecnierebs sTxova intensiurad<br />
emuSavaT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
samociqulo eklesiis istoriaze.<br />
manve aRniSna, rom umokles droSi<br />
gadasaWrelia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiarebis<br />
sakiTxi da Cveni amocanaa, myari<br />
istoriuli mtkicebulebebis mqone<br />
sabuTebiT davumtkicoT berZnul sapatriarqoebs,rom<br />
Cveni eklesiis meTauri<br />
V saukunidan kaTolikosis, xolo XI<br />
saukunidan kaTolikos-patriarqis wodebas<br />
atarebda. mecnierebma aRuTqves<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,<br />
rom yvelafers gaakeTebdnen saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis interesebis<br />
dasacavad. umokles droSi<br />
Seiqmna n. lomouris, b. lominaZis, v.<br />
kiknaZis, d. gogolaZis, a. bendianiSvilis<br />
naSromebi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis istoriis calkeul<br />
problemebze.<br />
1979 wlis 2_8 maiss sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II Tanmxleb<br />
pirebTan erTad stambolSi imy<strong>of</strong>eboda<br />
konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio patri-<br />
134
135<br />
arqis, uwmidesi dimitriosis miwveviT.<br />
`TiTqmis rvaasi welia, rac konstantinopolSi<br />
ar y<strong>of</strong>ila saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, _ ganacxada<br />
misma uwmidesobam, _ bednieri var, rom<br />
wilad mxvda da RvTis locva-kurTxeviT<br />
Camovedi am qalaqSi, romelic<br />
saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi iyo centri<br />
eklesiuri, kulturuli da samecniero<br />
cxovrebisa da moRvaweobisa...… Cveni<br />
eklesia mudam grZnobda, Tu ra didi<br />
mniSvneloba eniWeboda da eniWeba<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos, is mudam unda<br />
y<strong>of</strong>iliyo im Zalad, romelic daakav-<br />
Sirebda avtokefaliur eklesiebs~.<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
Sexvda ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos mmarTvel<br />
mRvdelmTavrebs, gaimarTa azrTa<br />
gaziareba marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa<br />
urTierTobis sakiTxebze. uwmidesma da<br />
unetaresma ilia II Sexvedraze aseTi<br />
gancxadeba gaakeTa: `rodesac werils<br />
an milocvas gvigzavnis konstantinopolis<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqo, sworad<br />
ar aris moxseniebuli sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, ise<br />
rogorc wodebulia V saukunidan…...<br />
saeklesio forumebsa da konferenciebze<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesia kanonierad unda ikavebdes<br />
Tavis adgils...… roca xdeba kuTvnili<br />
VI adgilis darRveva, es gavlenas axdens<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiaze da mis<br />
avtoritetze mTel ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi...… Cven<br />
gvsurs, rom es sakiTxi erTxel da<br />
samudamod mowesrigdes... ar viTxovT<br />
axali ramis mocemas an damtkicebas,<br />
Cven gvinda aRvadginoT winandeli mdgomareoba,<br />
romelic, samwuxarod, 1811<br />
wels davkargeT~. konstantinopolis<br />
sapatriarqos saxeliT gamosulma qalkedonis<br />
mitropolitma melitonma<br />
aRuTqva saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis meTaurs, rom es sakiTxebi<br />
dadebiTad gadaiWreboda dasabuTebuli<br />
istoriuli masalebis safuZvelze.<br />
daZabuli molaparakebebi gagrZelda<br />
11 weli. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesia avtokefaliisa da diptixis<br />
sakiTxebSi araviTar kompromiss ar<br />
cnobda. 1982 wlis 3 ivliss ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
patriarq dimitriosisadmi gagzavnil<br />
werilSi, romelsac xels awerdnen uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II, saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis 13 mRvdelmTavari, naTqvami<br />
iyo: `Tu konstantinopolis ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
sapatriarqo sadavod miiCnevs saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesiis adgils diptixSi, im SemTxvevaSi<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gau-<br />
Wirdeba monawileoba miiRos ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
sapatriarqos mier mowyobil RonisZiebebSi~.<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqom gaaprotesta<br />
1981 wels saberZneTisa da<br />
kviprosis eklesiebis mier Sedgenil<br />
kalendarSi saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
me-6 adgilze mouxsenebloba. mis uwmidesobas<br />
moubodiSes,rom iZulebulni<br />
iyvnen daecvaT ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos<br />
mier avtokefaliuri eklesiebisaTvis<br />
gankuTvnili rigi. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
ilia II qarTvel mecnierebTan<br />
konsultaciis Semdeg ms<strong>of</strong>lios mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiebis meTaurebs<br />
daugzavna dasabuTebuli, istoriuli<br />
dokumentebiT gajerebuli werilebi,<br />
romlebic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliasa da mar-<br />
Tlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris me-6<br />
adgils gulisxmobda. patriarqma moZme<br />
eklesiebisgan werilobiTi mxardaWera<br />
moiTxova. misi uwmidesobis moTxovnas<br />
dadebiTad gamoexmaurnen moskovisa da<br />
sruliad ruseTis patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />
pimeni (1982w. 29. IX),praRisa da Cexoslovakiis<br />
mitropoliti doroTeosi (1982w.<br />
16. VII), bulgareTis patriarqi maqsime<br />
(1982w. 16. V), aleqsandriisa da sruliad<br />
afrikis papi da patriarqi, uwmidesi<br />
nikoloz VI (1982w. 1. IX). mravalmxriv<br />
sagulisxmo iyo ierusalimis patriarqis<br />
diodorosis pasuxi: `Zmuri siyvaruliT<br />
miviReT CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli<br />
Tqveni uwmidesobisa da unetareso-
is werili, romelmac mogvagona da<br />
ukan mogvaxeda eklesiuri faqtebisaken,<br />
gviCvena uZvelesi droidanve dadgenilad<br />
sruliad marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa<br />
Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
istoriuli avtokefalia…...<br />
dabejiTebiT mogaxsenebT, rom adgilobriv<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa<br />
erTsulovnebiT saqarTvelos mowamebrivma,<br />
magram amave dros didebulma<br />
sapatriarqom unda miiRos misi<br />
Sesabamisi adgili konstantinopolis<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos diptixSi~. uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II werils<br />
dauyovnebliv upasuxa ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
patriarqma: `miviRe da Sesaferisi yuradRebiT<br />
gavecaniT Cveni wmida sinodis<br />
krebaze CvenTvis Zalze sayvareli<br />
da sasurveli Tqveni unetaresobis da<br />
wmida sinodis Zmur werils, romelic<br />
Seexeba wmida diptixSi Tqveni eklesiis<br />
adgils istoriuli da kanonieri<br />
monacemebiT. gacnobebT, rom igi<br />
gansaxilvelad gadaegzavna sinodis<br />
sabWos~.<br />
1988 wlis agvistoSi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II mowveviT<br />
TbilisSi Camovida konstantinopolis<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi uwmidesi<br />
dimitriosi, moiloca qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi,<br />
xelovnebis muzeumSi<br />
daaTvaliera qarTuli saeklesio siwmindeni.<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi gaaoca<br />
eklesia-monastrebSi mrevlis, ZiriTadad<br />
axalgazrdobis simravlem. saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqoSi wmida sinodis<br />
wevrebTan, qarTvel mecnierebTan<br />
gaimarTa msjeloba saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis<br />
istoriuli avtokefaliis cnobisa da<br />
diptixSi VI adgilis dakavebis Sesaxeb.<br />
gadawyda aRniSnul sakiTxebze<br />
molaparakebebis gagrZeleba. 1988_89<br />
wlebSi saqarTveloSi avtokefaliis<br />
sakiTxebze molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen<br />
mitropolitebi: qrizosTomosi<br />
da damaskinosi. uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
136<br />
ilia II yvela sityvas, romelic aRiarebis<br />
teqstSi unda Sesuliyo, gansakuTrebul<br />
mniSvnelobas aniWebda. molaparakebebi<br />
iyo rTuli, magram konstruqciuli.<br />
1990 wlis 7 ianvars (Zv. st. 25 dekembers)<br />
mitropolitma qrizosTomosma<br />
wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg sionis<br />
sapatriarqo taZarSi <strong>of</strong>icialurad gamoacxada<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos gadawyvetileba<br />
saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />
eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis da<br />
misi meTauris sapatriarqo titulis<br />
aRiarebis Sesaxeb. 1990 wlis 4 marts<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
meTaurma uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
ilia II ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarq dimitriosis<br />
xelmoweriT miiRo ori sigeli: `1.<br />
saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobisa<br />
da mtkicebis sigeli~, romlis Tanaxmadac<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom miiRo<br />
gadawyvetileba `cnos da daamtkicos<br />
saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis avtokefalia<br />
da damoukidebeli struqtura~.<br />
2. `dimitriosis, wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa<br />
mTavarepiskoposis konstantinopolisa,<br />
axlisa romisa da ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis<br />
ganCinebiT saqarTvelos uwmidesi<br />
eklesia pativdebul iqnes sapatriarqo<br />
RirsebiTa da adgiliT,rogorc adridanve<br />
ixsenieboda uZveles qronikebsa<br />
da sxva saeklesio wyaroebSi<br />
misi tituli _ `mTavarepiskoposi<br />
mcxeTa-Tbilisisa da kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
sruliad saqarTveloisa~.<br />
misma uwmidesobam guliTadi madloba<br />
moaxsena ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos istoriuli<br />
samarTlianobis aRdgenisaTvis<br />
da gamoTqva rwmena diptixis sakiTxis<br />
iseve samarTlianad gadawyvetisa, rogorc<br />
avtokefaliis aRiarebisas moxda.<br />
saqarTvelo mouTmenlad eloda<br />
misi uwmidesobis samSobloSi dabrunebas.<br />
erTi weli sruldeboda 1989<br />
wlis 9 aprilis sisxliani dReebidan,<br />
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba<br />
mkafiod svamda saqarTvelos sax-
elmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis<br />
sakiTxs. rogorc 1917 wlis 12<br />
(25) marts saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena win uswrebda<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis<br />
gamocxadebas, ise moxda 73<br />
wlis Semdegac. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis<br />
sigelebiT xeldamSvenebuli<br />
patriarqi dabrunda samSobloSi.<br />
Tbilisis aeroportidan sapatriarqo<br />
rezidenciamde bednierebisagan acremlebuli,<br />
erT muStad Sekruli qarTveloba<br />
acilebda Tavis Rirseul sulier<br />
winamZRols. man 18 marts sionis<br />
sapatriarqo taZarSi warmoTqmul sityvaSi<br />
miuloca qarTvel ers istoriuli<br />
dRe da aRniSna: `amjerad xelT<br />
gvaqvs is sabuTebi, romelsac saqarTvelo<br />
1500 wlis manZilze eloda…... isini<br />
imdenad didi mniSvnelobis sabuTebia,<br />
rom verasdros, RvTis wyalobiTa da<br />
RvTis locva-kurTxeviT, veravin veRar<br />
Seaxebs xels saqarTvelos eklesias~.<br />
sxva rom araferi gaekeTebina mis uwmidesobas,<br />
marto es ey<strong>of</strong>oda istoria-<br />
Si Sesasvlelad.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosTan urTierTobas<br />
yovelTvis gansakuTrebul<br />
mniSvnelobas aniWebda. 1991 wlis 29<br />
aprils TurqeTis xelisuflebam stambolis<br />
meris moadgilis meSveobiT<br />
gamoiZaxa ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi dimitriosi<br />
da mouwyo dakiTxva. Turqe-<br />
Tis xelisufleba XV saukunidan ar<br />
cnobs ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos da konstantinopolis<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqebs<br />
adgilobrivi berZnuli Temis eklesiis<br />
meTaurebs uwodebs. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqma ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
sapatriarqos pativisa da Rirsebis dasacavad<br />
xma aRimaRla, TurqeTis prezident<br />
Turgut ozalisadmi gagzavnil<br />
werilSi dagmo ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis<br />
dakiTxvis faqti da gamoTqva rwmena,<br />
rom msgavsi incidenti ar ganmeordeboda.<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma gaamxneva<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi: `saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqo mudam TqvenTan iqneba,~<br />
_ganacxada uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
ilia II. es moxda im dros, rodesac<br />
demokratiuli ms<strong>of</strong>lios religiur<br />
konfesiaTa liderebi TurqeTis xelisuflebis<br />
ganawyenebas moeridnen<br />
da Seqmnil viTarebaSi dumili amjobines.<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom mkacrad<br />
dagmo ruseTis imperiuli politika<br />
afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi da<br />
mouwoda ruseTis sapatriarqos, Tavi<br />
Seikavos religiuri separatizmis mxardaWerisagan.<br />
1994 wlis maisSi konstantinopolis<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi barTolomeos<br />
I patriarqis rangSi ewvia saqarTvelos.<br />
qveyanaSi Seqmnili rTuli socialur-politikuri<br />
viTarebis miuxedavad,<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiam Rirseuli<br />
maspinZloba gauwia mas. 2003 wlis<br />
19_24 seqtembers ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi<br />
barTolomeos I kvlav stumrobda saqa-<br />
137<br />
rTvelos, imogzaura quTais-gaenaTis,<br />
xonis, baTumisa da sxalTis eparqiebSi,<br />
moiloca qarTuli siwmideebi. samebis<br />
sakaTedro taZris daTvalierebis<br />
Semdeg uwmidesma barTolomeos I ganacxada:<br />
`es taZari iqneba beWedi, didi<br />
warmateba Tqveni kaTolikos-patriarqisa,<br />
romelsac bevri ram aqvs gakeTebuli,magram<br />
es iqneba gvirgvini misi moRvaweobisa~.<br />
patriarqma barTolomeosma<br />
aseve brZana: `rac ufro meti problemis<br />
winaSe dgas saqarTvelo, miT ufro<br />
metad izrdeba xalxis rwmena da maTi<br />
mxurvale damokidebuleba marTlmadideblobisadmi.<br />
es imas niSnavs, rom<br />
qarTveli xalxi problemebTan SesabrZoleblad<br />
Zalas iRebs Semoqmedi<br />
RmerTisgan~.<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis miwveviT uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II araerTxel<br />
Cavida konstantinopolSi, ewvia<br />
istoriul kapadokias, moiloca istoriuli<br />
saqarTvelos, tao-klarjeTis<br />
eklesia-monastrebi,gaamxneva TurqeTis<br />
respublikaSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisa<br />
da aleqsandriis sapatriarqos<br />
urTierTobebi 1917_70-ian wlebSi mxolod<br />
saaxalwlo, saaRdgomo da sa-<br />
Sobao milocvebiT Semoifargleboda.<br />
aleqsandriis uZveles eklesiasTan<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
daaxloebis procesi daiwyo 1976<br />
wlidan, rodesac aleqsandriis papi da<br />
patriarqi nikoloz VI soxumSi Sexvda<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
sagareo gany<strong>of</strong>ilebis Tavmjdomares,<br />
cxum-afxazeTis mitropolits<br />
ilias. mitropolitma iliam didi<br />
STabeWdileba moaxdina aleqsandriis<br />
patriarqze. 1981 wlis 20_31 ivliss<br />
aleqsandriisa da sruliad afrikis<br />
papi da patriarqi <strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT<br />
estumra saqarTvelos. uwmidesma da<br />
unetaresma aleqsandriis patriarqTan<br />
erTad moiloca saqarTvelos moqmedi<br />
eklesia-monastrebi. uwmidesi nikoloz<br />
VI saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis meTaurs dahpirda mxardaWeras<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli<br />
avtokefaliis aRiarebis saqmeSi. im<br />
dros, roca qarTveli swavlulebisaTvis<br />
sazRvargareTul qarTul samonastro<br />
centrebSi muSaoba auxdeneli<br />
ocneba iyo, aleqsandriis patriarqma<br />
ganacxada: `didi siamovnebiT miviReb<br />
Tqven mier movlinebul qarTvel mecnierebs,<br />
romlebic aleqsandriisa da<br />
kairos samonastro biblioTekebSi<br />
dacul qarTul xelnawerebs Seiswavlian<br />
da maT fotopirebs gadaiReben~.<br />
darbazobaze unetaresma nikoloz VI<br />
brZana: `kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II<br />
saxe saSualebas maZlevs vTqva, rom<br />
dRes saqarTvelos eklesiaSi batonobs<br />
sibrZne,siyvaruli,Zliereba. igi Zalze<br />
energiulad uZRveba eklesiis saWes da<br />
RvTis Svilebi uflis mier dakanonebuli<br />
gziT mihyavs~.<br />
1984 wlis 18_30 maiss uwmidesi da<br />
unetaresi ilia II <strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT<br />
estumra aleqsandriis sapatriarqos,<br />
moinaxula aleqsandriis sa-<br />
138<br />
patriarqos siwmideebi, moiloca wmida<br />
ekaterines monasteri sinis mTaze,<br />
daaTvaliera monastris unikaluri<br />
biblioTeka, sadac qarTuli xelnaweri<br />
wignebic aris daculi. uwmidesma da<br />
unetaresma ilia II madloba gadauxada<br />
aleqsandriis patriarqs da aRniSna:<br />
`Cvens xalxebs didi niWi mohmadla<br />
ufalma, amitomac ufro mZime iyo da<br />
aris jvari Cveni erebisa,TiTqos saqristianos<br />
sazRvrebis darajad daadgina<br />
ufalma isini, amitomac arian umetesad<br />
gvemulni da jvarcmulni, magram RvTis<br />
SewevniT kvlavac mkvdreTiT aRmdgarni<br />
da amaRlebulni~. aleqsandriis<br />
uZveles sapatriarqosa da saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebel samociqulo<br />
eklesias Soris guliTadi, megobruli<br />
urTierToba damyarda. aleqsandriis<br />
papma da patriarqma nikoloz VI gansakuTrebiT<br />
Seiyvara saqarTvelo. 1981<br />
wlidan moyolebuli, igi yovel zafxuls<br />
Camodioda saqarTveloSi. misi<br />
esodeni ltolva saqarTvelosaken axlobelTa<br />
gaocebasac iwvevda. uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi ilia II Cveuli qarTuli<br />
stumarmaspinZlobis wesis dacviT<br />
xvdeboda stumars. uwmidesi nikoloz<br />
VI poziciam gadamwyveti roli Seasrula<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis<br />
aRiarebis saqmeSi. 1984 wlis zafxulSi<br />
unetaresma nikoloz VI am sityvebiT<br />
mimarTa qarTvel mrevls: `me albaT<br />
metad veRar SegxvdebiT, magram locvebiT<br />
mudam TqvenTan viqnebi~, igi 1984<br />
wlis 9 ivliss gardaicvala. misi saqme<br />
ganagrZes unetaresma parTeniosma da<br />
petre VII.<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />
mizani iyo yvela marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiasTan Zmuri, megobruli urTier-<br />
Tobis damyareba, magram mTavari mainc<br />
pirveli oTxi sapatriarqo iyo: konstantinopolis,<br />
aleqsandriis, antioqiisa<br />
da ierusalimis. saqarTvelos<br />
samociqulo eklesia ierusalimisa<br />
da antioqiis sapatriarqoTa wiaRidan
139<br />
warmoiSva. qristianuli saqarTvelo<br />
mravali saukunis manZilze ierusalimTan<br />
iyo dakavSirebuli. V saukuneSi<br />
palestinaSi moRvaweobda petre<br />
qarTveli, romelmac daaarsa qarTuli<br />
monasteri. aqedan moyolebuli XIX<br />
saukunemde, qarTvelebi mravlad iyvnen<br />
wmida miwaze qarTul monastrebSi.<br />
vaxtang gorgaslis dros ukve aSenda<br />
didi monasteri, romelic XI saukunis<br />
30_50-ian wlebSi ganuaxlebia jvris<br />
monastris saxeliT giorgi _ proxore<br />
_ qarTvels. XIV saukuneSi qarTvelebi<br />
golgoTas floben da macxovris<br />
saflavis kliteni qarTvelTa sakuTrebaa.<br />
istoriulma qartexilebma<br />
qarTvelebis poziciebi Seasusta ierusalimSi,<br />
gansakuTrebiT XIX saukuneSi,<br />
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis<br />
ruseTis mmarTvelobaSi tyveobis Jams.<br />
yoveli mcdeloba ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan<br />
urTierTobis aRdgenisa<br />
XX saukunis 20--60-ian wlebSi uSedego<br />
aRmoCnda, mxolod 1977 wlis Semdeg<br />
daiwyo ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan<br />
intensiuri molaparakebebi. 1980 wlis<br />
30 maisidan 5 ivnisamde misi uwmidesoba,<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi<br />
ierusalimis patriarqis<br />
benediqte I miwveviT ierusalimSi imy<strong>of</strong>eboda.<br />
mTeli ms<strong>of</strong>lio gaaoca im<br />
faqtma, rom qarTvel patriarqs aRtacebis<br />
SeZaxilebiTa da cremlebiT Sexvdnen<br />
qarTveli ebraelebi, romlebic<br />
gamoxatavdnen udides siyvaruls da<br />
pativiscemas misi uwmidesobis da misi<br />
saxiT sruliad saqarTvelos mimarT.<br />
israelis religiis saqmeTa ministrma<br />
uwmidesTan Sexvedraze ganacxada:<br />
`verc erTi qveyana ver Seedreba saqarTvelos<br />
ebraelebTan Tbili, megobruli<br />
urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
saukuneTa manZilze am urTierTobebSi<br />
ar y<strong>of</strong>ila araviTari gaugebroba. madloba<br />
Tqven amisaTvis~. am <strong>of</strong>icialur<br />
Sexvedraze pirvelad daisva jvris<br />
monastris dabrunebis sakiTxi. ierusalimis<br />
patriarq benediqtesTan Sexvedraze<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia<br />
II ganacxada: `Cveni Camosvlis mizania<br />
aRdges is Zveli tradiciuli urTier-<br />
Tobani, rac gagvaCnda adre warsulSi.<br />
Cveni qveynebis avbediTobam Sewyvita es<br />
Zmuri urTierToba da dRes ki vfiqrob,<br />
dadga dro, ierusalimis eklesiam unda<br />
Seasrulos is didi misia, rac deda<br />
eklesias ekuTvnis~. 300 wlis Semdeg es<br />
iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac wmida<br />
qalaq ierusalims saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis meTauri estumra.<br />
1981 wlis 17_20 seqtembers saqarTveloSi<br />
<strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT Camovida<br />
misi unetaresoba, wmidisa qalaqisa<br />
ierusalimis patriarqi diodoros I,<br />
romelmac ganacxada, rom es Sexvedra<br />
iyo istoriuli `imitom, rom pirvelad<br />
didi xnis Semdeg Cveni ori eklesiis<br />
mamamTavrebs kvlav mogveca erToblivi<br />
Tanamwirvelobis SesaZlebloba~.<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II naTlad<br />
mianiSna ierusalimis patriarqs<br />
qarTvelebis survilze: `Cven gvjera,<br />
rom Tqveni saxeli oqros asoebiT<br />
Caiwereba ara marto ierusalimis, aramed<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSic.<br />
aRdgeba is kurTxeuli tradicia,<br />
rodesac Cveni qarTveli berebi kvlav<br />
imoRvaweben ierusalimis wmida miwaze~.<br />
qarTvelologiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba<br />
hqonda ierusalimis patriarqis<br />
pirobas, romelic man k. kekeliZis<br />
saxelobis xelnawerTa institutSi<br />
stumrobisas elene metrevels misca, _<br />
instituts miawvdida jvris monaster-<br />
Si daculi im qarTuli xelnawerebis<br />
mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmebs, romlebic aqamde ar iyo<br />
Seswavlili. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiasa da ierusalimis sapatriarqos<br />
Soris aRdga istoriuli<br />
urTierTobani.<br />
1987 wlis oqtomberSi uwmidesi da<br />
unetaresi ilia II kvlav estumra wmida<br />
qalaq ierusalims. am vizitis dros<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>liom TvalnaTliv dainaxa istoriulad<br />
qarTveli eris tolerantobisa
140<br />
da sxva erebisadmi sanimuSo pativiscemis<br />
nay<strong>of</strong>i. qarTveli ebraelebi kvlav<br />
didi siyvaruliT Seegebnen sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs.<br />
didi xnis win Tbilisidan, quTaisidan,<br />
zestafonidan, onidan, kulaSidan wasuli<br />
ebraelebi modiodnen SvilebiT,<br />
SviliSvilebiT da aRtacebulni ovaciebs<br />
umarTavdnen uwmidessa da unetaress.<br />
ierusalimis mTavarma Jurnalma<br />
statiaSi `saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
ilia II piligrimoba ierusalimSi~<br />
ase daaxasiaTa saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli: `kaTolikospatriarqi<br />
ilia II aris gulRia, dinamikuri<br />
pirovneba. man saqarTvelos<br />
uZvelesi eklesia, Tbilisi, rogorc<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris erT-erTi respublikis<br />
centri, Zveli mcxeTa, rogorc sasuliero<br />
dedaqalaqi, axali ayvavebis<br />
gziT waiyvana~<br />
2000 wels,qristeSobis did dResaswaulze<br />
misi uwmidesoba mravalricxovan<br />
mrevlTan erTad kvlav CabrZanda<br />
ierusalimSi. aRsrulda patriarqis<br />
survili, ierusalimSi ukve qarTveli<br />
berebi da monazvnebic arian. RvTis<br />
SewevniT,wmida miwaze qarTvelebs aqvT<br />
adgili, sadac aSendeba monasteri. mar-<br />
Talia, jvris monasteri jerjerobiT<br />
isev berZnebis xelSia, magram uflis<br />
SewevniT daubrundeba kanonier mflobels.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
samociqulo eklesiisaTvis didmniSvnelovani<br />
movlena iyo antioqiis sapatriarqosTan<br />
istoriuli urTierTobis<br />
aRdgena. saqarTveloSi qristianobis<br />
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis<br />
Semdeg (IV_V ss.) qarTuli samwyso antioqiis<br />
sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi<br />
Sedioda. antioqiis patriarqebs Sua<br />
saukuneebSi pretenzia hqondaT qar-<br />
Tul samwysoze, magram XI saukunis 50-<br />
ian wlebSi giorgi mTawmidelis dasabuTebuli<br />
pasuxebis Semdeg, romelmac<br />
antioqiis patriarqs Seaxsena saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samociqulo<br />
warmomavloba, es pretenziebi<br />
Sewyda. XV_XIX saukuneebSi, mahmadianTa<br />
mZlavrobis xanaSi, antioqiis<br />
sapatriarqo, romelic bizantiis imperiaSi<br />
mdebareobda, umZimes viTarebaSi<br />
aRmoCnda, Tumca, sapatriarqom moaxerxa<br />
Tavis gadarCena da aRmosavleTis (siria,<br />
libani) qristianuli centris funqciis<br />
SenarCuneba. marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiaTa Soris didi avtoritetis<br />
mqone antioqiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis<br />
patriarqi unetaresi egnate<br />
IV 1981 wlis oqtomberSi <strong>of</strong>icialuri<br />
vizitiT estumra saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesias. sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma,<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II sapatio<br />
stumars daaTvalierebina Tbilisisa<br />
da mcxeTis RirsSesaniSnaobani.<br />
sazeimo miRebaze gamoiTqva rwmena, rom<br />
ormxrivi urTierToba, romelic Cven<br />
or eklesias saukuneTa manZilze hqonda,<br />
kidev ufro gaRrmavdeboda.<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II,<br />
rogorc saeklesio politikis udidesma<br />
mcodnem, yovelTvis kargad icoda,<br />
rom marTlmadidebel ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi eqvsi<br />
berZnuli sapatriarqo gadamwyvet<br />
rols asrulebda yvela mniSvnelovani<br />
sakiTxis gadaWraSi. garda amisa, sazRvargareT<br />
arsebuli qarTuli istoriuli<br />
samonastro centrebis umravlesoba<br />
am eqvsi sapatriarqos teritoriazea.<br />
amitom Cveni eklesiisaTvis didi mniSvneloba<br />
hqonda aTenisa da sruliad<br />
eladis,agreTve kviprosis eklesiebTan<br />
megobruli urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas.<br />
1976 wlis 17_20 ivniss, jer kidev<br />
cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ilia iyo<br />
uSualo maspinZeli aTenisa da eladis<br />
eklesiis mravalricxovani delegaciisa,<br />
romelSic 7 mitropoliti da 11<br />
mRvdeli Sedioda. mitropolit ilias<br />
aseTi Canaweri aqvs gakeTebuli: `pirvelad<br />
erTgvari eWvis TvaliT gviyurebdnen,<br />
igrZnoboda raRac daZabuloba<br />
da undobloba berZnebis mxridan, Semdeg<br />
TiTqos galRva yinuli... maT ga-
141<br />
moTqves survili CvenTan TanamSromlobisa,<br />
moiTxoves studentebis gacvla.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiam xelidan ar<br />
unda gauSvas es momenti. studentebis<br />
gagzavniT mivaRwevT sam mizans: 1. SeviZenT<br />
berZnuli enis specialistebs,<br />
2. qarTuli eklesia maTi meSveobiT<br />
ufro daukavSirdeba berZnul eklesias,<br />
3. am studentebis meSveobiT Cveni<br />
eklesia da qarTveli mecnierebi daukavSirdebian<br />
aTonis iverTa monasters<br />
da iq dacul qarTul xelnawerebs~.<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis mondomebiT<br />
eladis eklesiasTan damyarda megobruli<br />
urTierToba. 2002 wels aTenisa<br />
da sruliad eladis mTavarepiskoposi<br />
qristodulosi Camovida saqarTveloSi,<br />
Sexvda qarTvel mecnierebs, gamoxata<br />
aRfrTovaneba saqarTveloSi qristianuli<br />
sarwmunoebis aRmavlobis gamo da<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiasTan urTierTobis<br />
kidev ufro gaRrmavebis survili<br />
gamoTqva: `Cveni dRevandeli Tanamwirveloba<br />
aris umaRlesi gamoxatuleba<br />
moZme eklesiebis saWeTmpyrobelTa<br />
urTierTobisa da warmoadgens beWeds<br />
gaazrebuli ormxrivi siyvarulisa da<br />
urTierTis mimarT rwmenisa~.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis<br />
RvawliTa da locva-kurTxeviT<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel<br />
samociqulo eklesias estumrnen: bulgareTis<br />
patriarqi maqsime, rumineTis<br />
patriarqi Teoqsite, Cexoslovakiis<br />
eklesiis meTauri doroTeosi, varSavisa<br />
da poloneTis mitropoliti vasili,<br />
serbeTis patriarqi pavle, amerikisa da<br />
kanadis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
meTaurebi: jer Teodosi, Semdeg hermane.<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II stumrobda<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiebs, xvdeboda ara marto eklesiaTa<br />
meTaurebs, aramed qveynis politikur<br />
pirebsac. misi uwmidesoba Tavis<br />
misasalmebel sityvas saqarTvelos<br />
istoriis, saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />
eklesiis unikalurobisa da TavisTavadobis<br />
raobis garkveviT iwyebda. gasuli<br />
saukunis 70_90-ian wlebSi ms<strong>of</strong>liom<br />
Zalian cota icoda saqarTveloze,<br />
qarTvel xalxze. saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis<br />
meTauri iyo qarTveli eris is sulieri<br />
winamZRoli, romelsac qarTvelTa<br />
cnobadobis rTuli da sapatio misia<br />
hqonda dakisrebuli. am Sexvedrebma, patriarqis<br />
saocarma pirovnulma xiblma<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebel eklesieb-<br />
Si kidev ufro aamaRla saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis avtoriteti da ganamtkica<br />
azri misi istoriulobis Sesaxeb. amitom<br />
1990 wels, rodesac ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom<br />
aRiara saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis<br />
avtokefalia, yvelam mxari dauWira da<br />
sagangebo milocvebi gamougzavna mis<br />
uwmidesobas.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesia istoriulad, qveynis<br />
geostrategiuli mdebareobidan gamomdinare,<br />
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />
aniWebda gansxvavebul religiur<br />
konfesiebTan urTierTobas, romelic<br />
urTierTpativiscemis principebs eyrdnoboda.<br />
Sua saukuneebSi monRolebis,<br />
iranelebisa da osmalebis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolaSi qarTveli mefeebi, kaTolikos-patriarqebi<br />
cdilobdnen dasavleT<br />
evropis qveynebTan mokavSireobiT<br />
ganemtkicebinaT saxelmwifoebrioba da<br />
Seuryvnelad daecvaT marTlmadidebluri<br />
qristianuli sarwmunoeba. am<br />
miznebs emsaxureboda qarTvel mefeTa<br />
da kaTolikos-patriarqTa werilebi,<br />
romauli kaTolikuri eklesiis meTaurebisadmi<br />
gagzavnili. Tavis mxriv, romis<br />
kaTolikurma eklesiam isargebla<br />
aRmosavleTis qveynebis mZime politikuri<br />
da ekonomikuri mdgomareobiT<br />
da `propaganda de fides~ organizaciis<br />
meSveobiT aRmosavleTis qveynebSi,<br />
maT Soris saqarTveloSic, gamogzavna<br />
kaTolikobis saqadageblad misionerebi,<br />
romelnic cdilobdnen mosaxleobis<br />
darwmunebas, Tu marTlmadide-
142<br />
blobas datovebdnen da gadavidodnen<br />
kaTolikobaze,romis papi daicavda maT<br />
iran-osmaleTis Zalmomreobisagan.<br />
XV saukunis 30-ian wlebSi qarTvelma<br />
sasuliero pirebma xeli ar<br />
moaweres ferara-florenciis krebis<br />
oqms, romelic saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis kaTolikurTan<br />
gaerTianebas iTvaliswinebda. bevri<br />
ubedureba gadaitana saqarTvelom<br />
XVI_XIX saukuneebSi: masobrivi xocva-<br />
Jleta, eklesia-monastrebis rbeva, magram<br />
mtkiced SeinarCuna marTlmadidebluri<br />
sarwmunoeba. XVI_XVIII saukuneebSi<br />
iran-osmaleTis mier dapyrobil<br />
qarTul miwa-wyalze romis papis mier<br />
gamogzavnilma misionerebma moaxerxes<br />
qarTvelTa nawilis kaTolikur sarwmunoebaze<br />
gadayvana…... XIX saukuneSi<br />
ruseTis saimperatoro xelisufleba-<br />
Si somxebma TavianTi momxreebis meSveobiT<br />
imperator nikoloz II gamoacemines<br />
kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac qarTveli<br />
kaTolikeebi somxur tipikonze<br />
unda gadasuliyvnen, e. i. gasomxebuliyvnen.<br />
am viTarebaSi qarTveli marTlmadideblebic<br />
gamoesarClnen istoriuli<br />
Znelbedobis Jams sjulSecvlil<br />
TanamoZmeebs. es dava gagrZelda XX<br />
saukunis pirvel meoTxedSic.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />
Semdeg sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmidesma da<br />
unetaresma kirion II werili gaugzavna<br />
romis paps: `gangebaman RmrTisaman,<br />
_ aRniSnavda uwmidesi kirion II,_ ara<br />
ucxo qmna eklesiai Cueni hromTaTvis<br />
didisa petre da andria pirvelwodebulTa<br />
maT mowafeTa qristeisa-<br />
Ta, romelTa Tesli ubiwod ganabnies<br />
marTalisa sarwmunoebisai ornatTa<br />
hromTa qarTvelTa gulisaTa, ZmobiTa<br />
TvisiTa winaswar moaswaves siyvaruli<br />
da Tvisobai orTa amaT eklesiisaTai~.<br />
uwmidesi kirion II esarCleboda qarTvel<br />
kaTolikeebs,romelnic idevnebodnen<br />
rusul-somxuri politikis gamo sakuTar<br />
samSobloSi. `vsasoeb, viTarmed<br />
uwmidesobai Seni ara ugulebely<strong>of</strong>s<br />
qarTvel kaTolikeTa erovnul-sarwmunoebriv<br />
xasiaTs~, _aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba.<br />
marTlmadidebeli qarTveli<br />
patriarqi gamoesarCla ra kaTolikuri<br />
aRmsareblobis qarTvelebs, romis<br />
paps megobroba da TanamSromloba<br />
SesTavaza.<br />
saqarTvelosa da romaul-kaTolikur<br />
eklesiaTa Soris urTierToba<br />
epistolarul formas ar gascilebia<br />
1917_77 wlebSi. 1978 wels saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
sagareo gany<strong>of</strong>ilebis Tavmjdomare,<br />
cxum-afxazeTis mTavarepiskoposi nikolozi<br />
(maxaraZe) eswreboda romis<br />
papis pavle VI dakrZalvas, xolo 1980<br />
wlis 5_6 ivniss sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
<strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT imy<strong>of</strong>eboda<br />
vatikanSi da Sexvda romis paps.<br />
uwmidesis CanawerebSi vkiTxulobT:<br />
`papi ioane pavle II Semxvda karebTan,<br />
gadavexvieT erTmaneTs, qarTulad mivmarTe:<br />
`qarTveli erisa da saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saxeliT<br />
guliTadad mogesalmebiT, saqarTvelos<br />
eklesia didi sixaruliTa<br />
da kmay<strong>of</strong>ilebiT Sexvda im faqts, rom<br />
papi polonelia, mcire eris warmomadgeneli.<br />
igi ufro gaigebs mcire erebis<br />
problemebs Tanamedrove ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi~.<br />
papi yuradRebiT mismenda (Tarjimani<br />
Targmnida), Semdeg sxva magidasTan mivida,<br />
saidanac moitana rukebis atlasi,<br />
gadaSala evropis ruka, sadac saqarTveloc<br />
Canda. daxeda da mere mommarTa:<br />
`Cveni qveynebi Zalian hgvanan<br />
erTmaneTs Tavisi warsuliT~. moxaza<br />
saqarTvelo da Tqva: samxreTiT Zlieri<br />
muslimanuri qveynebia. me davumate:<br />
maTgan bevri gansacdeli gvinaxavs.<br />
paps ainteresebda eklesiisa da xelisuflebis<br />
urTierTobis sakiTxebi<br />
konstantinopolisa da ruseTis sapatriarqoebTan<br />
~.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis delegaciam
143<br />
daaTvaliera vatikanis biblioTeka,<br />
papis piradi samlocvelo, vatikanis<br />
RirsSesaniSnaobani. gadawyda qarTveli<br />
mecnierebis daSveba vatikanis arqivebSi<br />
qarTul dokumentebze samuSaod.<br />
romis papma mis uwmidesobas gadasca<br />
vatikanis arqivebSi daculi im sabuTebis<br />
mikr<strong>of</strong>ilmebi, romelnic saqarTvelos<br />
istorias exeboda. uwmidesma<br />
da unetaresma ilia II ganacxada:<br />
`Cveni eklesiebis gay<strong>of</strong>is miuxedavad,<br />
Cven yovelTvis gvqonda kulturuli,<br />
mecnieruli TanamSromloba, qarTuli<br />
eklesia da qarTveli xalxi Seadgens<br />
im did xids, romelic aerTianebda evropisa<br />
da aziis or did kulturas~.<br />
gamarTlda uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II mosazreba _ polonuri warmo-<br />
Sobis axalma papma didi roli Seasrula<br />
aRmosavleTis qveynebSi komunisturi<br />
ideologiisa da socialisturi<br />
sistemis rRvevis saqmeSi. saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg TbilisSi gaixsna vatikanis<br />
saelCo, kavkasiaSi _ romaulkaTolikuri<br />
eklesiis saepiskoposo.<br />
1999 wels saqarTvelos prezidentisa<br />
da patriarqis mowveviT saqarTveloSi<br />
<strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT Camovida romis<br />
papi, romelsac gulTbilad Sexvdnen.<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II<br />
Tbilisis aeroportSi romis papTan<br />
Sexvedris dros ganacxada, rom es viziti<br />
didi mniSvnelobisaa rogorc saqarTvelosaTvis,<br />
ise mTlianad kavkasiisaTvis.<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia<br />
II da romis papma ioane pavle II SeimuSaves<br />
erToblivi mimarTva,romelSic<br />
aRniSnuli iyo: `Cven vimy<strong>of</strong>ebiT kavkasiis<br />
regionSi, saqarTveloSi, am gansakuTrebuli<br />
geopolitikuri da istoriuli<br />
mniSvnelobis mqone regionSi,<br />
romelic aerTianebs evropisa da aziis,<br />
dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis kulturebs.<br />
dRes am regionSi, iseve rogorc<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi,<br />
situacia metad daZabulia. am umniSvnelovanes<br />
etapze ms<strong>of</strong>lio valdebulia<br />
moaxdinos Tavisi sulieri,<br />
inteleqtualuri da fizikuri Zalebis<br />
mobilizeba globaluri katastr<strong>of</strong>is<br />
Tavidan asacileblad~.<br />
romis eklesiasa da saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias<br />
Soris urTierToba ZiriTadad<br />
politikur da kulturul sferoSi vi-<br />
Tardeba, Tumca 2003 wlis 15 seqtembers,<br />
rodesac vatikanma saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis gverdis avliT<br />
moindoma qarTul saxelmwifosTan<br />
xelSekrulebis gaformeba,romelic 17<br />
muxlisgan Sedgeboda da kaTolikuri<br />
eklesiis uflebebis gafarToebisken<br />
iyo mimarTuli, saqarTvelos sapatriarqom<br />
specialuri gancxadebiT gaaprotesta<br />
igi da aRniSna, rom vatikans<br />
aseTi xelSekruleba arc erT marTlmadideblur<br />
saxelmwifosTan ara aqvs<br />
gaformebuli. xalxi quCaSi gamovida,<br />
xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda,<br />
xelSekruleba aRar gaeformebina.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
samociqulo eklesia pativs scems im<br />
qarTvel TanamemamuleTa religiur<br />
grZnobebs, romelTa winaprebic istoriuli<br />
Znelbedobis Jams kaTolikur<br />
sarwmunoebaze gadavidnen, magram arasodes<br />
daxuWavs Tvals romaul-kaTolikuri<br />
eklesiis warmomadgenelTa aqtiur<br />
prozelitizmis politikaze da<br />
moTminebiT Seaxsenebs Tavis Tanamemamuleebs,<br />
rom Znelbedoba iyo maTi winaprebis<br />
kaTolikobaze gadasvlis mizezi,<br />
rom erTiani qarTuli erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
cnobierebis safuZveli<br />
saqarTveloSi yovelTvis iyo marTlmadidebluri<br />
sarwmunoeba da eklesia.<br />
mravalsaukunovania qarTveli da<br />
somexi xalxis urTierToba. am urTierTobebSi<br />
negatiurs pozitiuri<br />
sWarbobs. VII saukunis dasawyisidan<br />
qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris<br />
moxda evqaristuli kavSiris Sewyveta,<br />
vinaidan somxurma eklesiam ar miiRo<br />
451 wlis qalkedonis saeklesio krebis<br />
gadawyvetilebani. miuxedavad amisa, qa-
Tveli da somexi xalxi erTad ibrZoda<br />
arabi, Turq-selCuki, lang-Temuris,<br />
iraneli da osmalo dampyroblebis<br />
winaaRmdeg. Sua saukuneebSi qarTuli<br />
saxelmwifo da qarTveli mefeebi _<br />
bagrat IV, daviT IV, giorgi III, Tamari,<br />
giorgi brwyinvale, aleqsandre I, vaxtang<br />
V, vaxtang VI, erekle II, Teimuraz<br />
II _ yovelnairad exmarebodnen mtrebisagan<br />
Seviwroebul somxebs. XVI_XVIII<br />
saukuneebSi irani da osmaleTi Tu<br />
marTlmadidebel qristianebs sastikad<br />
devnidnen, samagierod, srul Tavisuflebas<br />
aZlevdnen kaTolikeebsa da<br />
mon<strong>of</strong>izit somxebs, riTac isargebles<br />
eCmiaZinis somexTa kaTolikosebma da<br />
daiwyes religiuri eqspansia saqarTveloSi.<br />
maT aq miiTvises mravali eklesia-monasteri<br />
da gadaakeTes somxur<br />
yaidaze. XVI_XVIII saukuneebSi qarTvelTa<br />
gasomxeba ZiriTadad osmal-<br />
Ta mier okupirebul teritoriebze<br />
xdeboda. XIX saukuneSi kavkasiaSi damkvidrebul<br />
rusebs yvelaze saimedo<br />
dasayrdenad somxebi miaCndaT da xels<br />
uwyobdnen qarTveli mahmadianebis Tavisi<br />
miwa-wylidan gaZevebis xarjze<br />
TurqeTidan somxebis gadmosaxlebas<br />
(ZiriTadad, samcxe-javaxeTSi). XIX saukuneSi<br />
ori somxuri sakaTalikoso (eCmiaZini,<br />
kilikiis) da ori somxuri sapatriarqo<br />
(ierusalimi, konstantinopoli)<br />
didi somxeTis aRdgenis ideiT<br />
iyo gatacebuli. Tu es ver moxerxdeboda<br />
osmaleTis imperiis xarjze,maSin<br />
saqarTvelos axal somxeTad gadaqceva<br />
iyo aucilebeli. amitom XIX saukune-<br />
Si kavkasiis centrad gamocxadebul<br />
TbilisSi datrialda somxuri kapitali<br />
somxuri mravalricxovani diasporiT.<br />
isargebles ra saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebiT da<br />
rusi egzarqosebis xelSewyobiT, kidev<br />
ufro gaZlierda religiuri eqspansia,<br />
qarTvelTa gasomxeba, romlis winaaRmdeg<br />
xma aimaRles: ivane gvaramaZem,<br />
mixeil TamaraSvilma, ilia WavWavaZem,<br />
akaki wereTelma, iakob gogebaSvilma,<br />
144<br />
episkoposma kirionma, vaJa-fSavelam...<br />
miuxedavad amisa, qarTvelobam mainc<br />
gauwoda daxmarebis xeli somxebs<br />
1914_18 wlebis pirveli ms<strong>of</strong>lio omis<br />
periodSi osmaleTSi datrialebuli<br />
masobrivi xocva-Jletis Jams da aTasobiT<br />
ltolvili Seifara…... 1917 wlis<br />
25 seqtembers TbilisSi yovelTa somexTa<br />
kaTolikosis, gevorq V (Tbilelis)<br />
depeSa movida. igi uwmidessa da<br />
unetares kirion II ulocavda kaTolikos-patriarqad<br />
arCevas.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesia Tvlida,<br />
rom konfesiuri sxvaobis miuxedavad,<br />
somxur samociqulo eklesiasTan normaluri<br />
urTierToba aucilebeli iyo.<br />
uwmidesma da unetaresma kirion II weriliT<br />
mimarTa yovelTa somexTa kaTolikos<br />
gevorq V. es werili, erTi mxriv,<br />
maRali diplomatiisa da, meore mxriv,<br />
marTlmadidebeli patriarqis gansxvavebuli<br />
konfesiis eklesiis meTaurisadmi<br />
damokidebulebis brwyinvale nimuSia.<br />
uwmidesi kirion II swerda: `mimovixilav<br />
garemosa Cemsa da TvalTa<br />
gonebisa Cemisa Sevayeneb RvTismoSiSsa<br />
ersa zeda haikanisasa Zmuri naTesaobiT<br />
qarTlosian-haosianTa... mogikiTxav uwmideso<br />
meufeo, raTa wrfiTa da RvawliTa<br />
CueniTa aRdgenil iqnas erToba<br />
Cvendami rwmunebulTa erTa. erTobas<br />
vityvi ara sarwmunoebriv-dogmatursa,<br />
aramed moqalaqeobriv-ganmanaTleblobisas,<br />
raTa daemyaros Cuen Soris<br />
Zmobai da urTierTs gulisxmavyoT.<br />
da raiTa samSoblos Sina Cuensa daamkvidros<br />
sasufeveli RmrTisai~. 1922<br />
wels TbilisSi Camovida aq dabadebuli<br />
da Tbilisis nersesis saxelobis<br />
somxuri seminariis y<strong>of</strong>ili studenti<br />
kaTolikosi gevorq V, Sexvda da qar-<br />
Tul enaze esaubra uwmidessa da unetares<br />
ambrosis.<br />
1923_40-ian wlebSi somxur-qarTuli<br />
saeklesio urTierToba epistolaruli<br />
xasiaTisa iyo. 1945 wlidan intensiuri<br />
gaxda urTierTobebi uwmides kalistratesa<br />
da Tbilisis somxuri eparqi-
145<br />
is y<strong>of</strong>il episkoposs, imxanad yovelTa<br />
somexTa kaTolikos gevorq VI Soris.<br />
somxuri eklesiis axali meTauri, kaTolikosi<br />
vazgeni xSirad stumrobda saqarTvelos.<br />
gasaocari iyo misi intuicia<br />
da diplomatiuri niWi. ukve 1961 wlidan<br />
igi saaxalwlod misaloc baraTebs ugzavnida<br />
jer iRumen,Semdeg arqimandrit<br />
da mRvdelmTavar ilia SiolaSvils.<br />
vazgen I 1962 wels pirvelad Sexvda<br />
arqimandrit ilias da ganWvrita misi<br />
didi momavali. 1977 wlis 25 dekembers<br />
kaTolikosma vazgen I mcxeTaSi ganacxada:<br />
`qarTuli eklesia ms<strong>of</strong>lios<br />
erT-erTi yvelaze unikaluri Zeglia...<br />
Zegli, romelic qarTveli eris suls<br />
ganasaxierebs. me mwams am sulis ukvdaveba,<br />
rogorc mwams ukvdaveba TviT<br />
qarTveli erisa~. 1978 wlis 12_14 maiss<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II somxeTs<br />
stumrobda. eCmiaZinSi kaTolikosma<br />
vazgen I Tavis xalxs Semdegi sityvebiT<br />
mimarTa: `CvenTan imy<strong>of</strong>eba sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II. unda<br />
aRiniSnos, rom igi axali arCeulia patriarqad.<br />
am postisTvis sagrZnoblad<br />
axalgazrdaa, mxne, jan-RoniT savse da,<br />
rac mTavaria, didi codniTa da gamocdilebiT<br />
SeiaraRebuli... Tavis sam-<br />
SobloSi mas yurs ugdeben, misi swamT,<br />
misi sjeraT, mas afaseben. aseTi didi<br />
siyvaruli Tavisi erisa bevrs ar ergeba<br />
wilad. es man didi sulieri simaRliT<br />
moipova~. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
ilia II madloba moaxsena somexTa<br />
kaTolikoss da aRniSna, _ is, rac me-12<br />
saukuneSi daviT aRmaSenebelma gaakeTa<br />
saqarTvelosaTvis, SeZeliT Tqven somxeTis<br />
eklesiaSi XX saukunis 50_70-ian<br />
wlebSi. uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />
amis Semdeg araerTxel estumra somxeTs<br />
iseve,rogorc kaTolikosi vazgen I<br />
_ saqarTvelos.<br />
1978 wlis noemberSi libanis<br />
dedaqalaq beiruTSi, sadac somexTa<br />
meore religiuri centri, kilikiis somexTa<br />
sakaTalikosoa, mahmadianma teroristebma<br />
somxebis masobrivi xocva-<br />
Jleta moawyves. misma uwmidesobam <strong>of</strong>icialur<br />
gancxadebaSi dagmo es vandaluri<br />
aqti da somex xalxs sruli mxardaWera<br />
gamoucxada: `Cven, qarTvelebi,<br />
_ aRniSna man, _ istoriis dasabamidan<br />
vcxovrobT uZvelesi kulturisa da<br />
tradiciis mqone somexi xalxis mezoblad.<br />
am xnis manZilze erTad gadagvitania<br />
mravali gansacdeli, mterTa Semoseva<br />
da sxva bedukuRmarTobani da<br />
ar SegviZlia gulgrili davrCeT maT<br />
TanamemamuleTa tragediis mimarT~. patriarqis<br />
am gancxadebam saqarTveloSi<br />
mcxovrebi somxebis kmay<strong>of</strong>ileba gamoiwvia.<br />
amis dasturi iyo axalqalaqeli<br />
x. ovsepianis gamoxmaureba: `vbedav da<br />
mogaxsenebT udides madlobas Tqven,<br />
saqarTvelos didebul kaTolikos-patriarqs.<br />
somexi xalxi arasodes daiviwyebs<br />
Tqvens maRaladamianuri da moqalaqeobrivi<br />
siyvaruliT savse TanagrZnobas~.<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />
II gamoesarCla eCmiaZinis sakaTolikosos<br />
1980 wels,rodesac sazRvargareTeli<br />
somexi kaTolikeni lanZRavdnen da<br />
amcrobdnen mis mniSvnelobas. yovelive<br />
amas kargad xedavda kaTolikosi<br />
vazgen I da cdilobda, saqarTvelos<br />
samociqulo eklesiasTan urTierTobaSi<br />
daecva taqti da y<strong>of</strong>iliyo misi<br />
pativismcemeli. uwmidesma ilia II sa-<br />
Tanado pativi miago kaTolikos vazgen<br />
I xsovnas 1994 wels eCmiaZinSi da<br />
sagulisxmo sityva warmoTqva: `didia<br />
mwuxareba somxeTis samociqulo eklesiisa<br />
da somexi xalxisa,igi emSvidobeba<br />
Tavis Rirseul da brZen mamamTavars,<br />
romelic 39 wlis manZilze urTules<br />
pirobebSi iyo saWeTmpyrobeli eCmiaZinis<br />
uZvelesi sakaTolikoso taxtisa...<br />
im dros, rodesac SezRuduli iyo kav-<br />
Siri ucxoeTTan, man moaxerxa urTier-<br />
Toba daemyarebina iq my<strong>of</strong> samwysosTan,<br />
gaeRrmavebina maTSi samSoblos siyvaruli,<br />
gaemTlianebina eri... SevTxov<br />
ufals, raTa misi ukvdavi suli daawesos<br />
im savaneSi, sadac somexi xalxis
didebuli winaparni ganisveneben~.<br />
kaTolikos vazgen I gza ganagrZo<br />
kilikiuri warmoSobis axalma kaTolikosma<br />
garegin I,romelmac 1997 wels<br />
imogzaura saqarTveloSi, moixibla<br />
Cveni qveyniT, misi didebuli taZrebiT,<br />
istoriiT, magram, samwuxarod, igi male<br />
gardaicvala. amis Semdeg somxur eklesiaSi<br />
gaZlierda tendencia qarTuli<br />
eklesia-monastrebis miTvisebis, istoriis<br />
falsifikaciisa. somxuri sakaTolikosos<br />
dasturiT, erevanSi gamodis<br />
ruka-cnobarebi, samecniero wignebi,<br />
romlebSic gayalbebulia saqarTvelos<br />
istoria, somxuradaa gamocxadebuli<br />
650-ze meti qarTuli eklesia.<br />
somxur saeklesio internetsaitebze<br />
vrceldeba iseTi informaciebi, romlebic<br />
xels ar Seuwyobs ori mezobeli<br />
xalxisa da eklesiis megobrul urTierTobas.<br />
XIX saukunis II naxevarSi<br />
aseT viTarebaze ilia WavWavaZe werda:<br />
`mtrisa Sina yolasa,lomisa gzad yola<br />
sjobiao~. qarTvel xalxs istoriulad<br />
axasiaTebs sjulSemwynarebloba da<br />
tolerantoba. amis dasturia Tundac<br />
is, rom naxevarmilionian somxur diasporas<br />
saqarTveloSi aqvs saxelmwifos<br />
mier dafinansebuli skolebi, Teatri,<br />
presa... umaRles saswavlebelSi somxurenovani<br />
gany<strong>of</strong>ileba, somxuri samociqulo<br />
eklesiis eparqia... umaduroba,<br />
daunaxaoba xom saSineli codvaa.<br />
istoriulad saqarTvelo Tavis<br />
Tavs evropis nawilad miiCnevda da<br />
cdilobda, mWidrod dakavSireboda<br />
evropul civilizacias. miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom religiur-konfesiuri TvalsazrisiT<br />
evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebi:<br />
inglisi, safrangeTi, germania, espaneTi,<br />
italia, portugalia sruliad<br />
gansxvavebulni iyvnen saqarTvelosagan,<br />
monRolebis, iranisa da osmaleTis<br />
damangreveli laSqrobebis winaaRmdeg<br />
brZolaSi saqarTvelos mainc evropis<br />
qveynebis daxmarebis imedi hqonda. mar-<br />
Talia, XVI_XX saukuneebSi daxmareba<br />
sityvier mxardaWeras ar gascilebia,<br />
146<br />
magram qarTvelebis orientacia mainc<br />
ar Secvlila. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II did mniSvnelobas ani-<br />
Webda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
samociqulo eklesiis kontaqtebs evropis<br />
qveynebTan. sabWoTa kavSiri Caketili<br />
saxelmwifo iyo da sazRvargareTis<br />
qveynebTan kontaqtebi sagrZnoblad<br />
izRudeboda. 1979 wlis 15 ianvars<br />
iamaikis dedaqalaq kingstonSi sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II arCeul<br />
iqna eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWos prezidentad.<br />
aman saSualeba misca, monawileoba<br />
mieRo ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva qveynis<br />
politikur da religiur liderTa<br />
SexvedrebSi. uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
yvela am Sexvedraze saubrobda saqarTveloze,<br />
mis istoriaze, uZveles<br />
samociqulo eklesiaze. am Sexvedrebze<br />
daamyara megobruli urTierToba<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lios marTlmadidebeli avtokefaliuri<br />
eklesiebis meTaurebTan da<br />
moiwvia isini saqarTveloSi. am Sexvedrebma,<br />
piradma kontaqtebma gadamwyveti<br />
roli Seasrules marTlmadidebel<br />
eklesiaTa mier saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
aRiarebis saqmeSi. uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II 1963_97 wlebSi saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesiis ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWoSi wevrobis<br />
periods ase afasebs: `sabWoTa izolaciis<br />
dros eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWo-<br />
Si y<strong>of</strong>nam saqarTvelos eklesias saSualeba<br />
misca, rom igi ms<strong>of</strong>lios gaecno<br />
rogorc damoukidebeli eklesia. ase<br />
rom, eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWoSi mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiebis y<strong>of</strong>na erTgvarad<br />
maTi misioneruli moRvaweobis<br />
gagrZelebasac warmoadgens~.<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi germaniis<br />
federaciul respublikaSi, safrangeT-<br />
Si, italiaSi, SveicariaSi, niderlandebSi,<br />
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi Sexvda<br />
protestantuli, luTeranuli, anglikanuri<br />
eklesiebis meTaurebs, am qvey-
nebis politikur moRvaweebs, mecnierebs,<br />
xelovnebis warmomadgenlebs. am Sexvedrebma<br />
axali stimuli misca evropaSi<br />
qarTvelologiuri mecnierebis ganvi-<br />
Tarebas. evropis qveynebis politikuri<br />
da religiuri liderebi aRtacebas ver<br />
faravdnen _ maT winaSe manamde ucnobi<br />
qristianuli aRmosavleTis didi civilizaciisa<br />
da marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesiis meTauri iyo _ momxiblavi<br />
garegnoba, daxvewili manerebi, evropuli<br />
civilizaciisa da Tanamedrove<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio wesrigis zogadi principebis<br />
Rrma codna maT qarTuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis meTaurisadmi<br />
udidesi pativiscemiT ganawyobda. uwmidesi<br />
da unetaresi stumrobda aziis<br />
qveynebsac, Sexvda da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />
eklesia gaacno egviptis<br />
kopTa patriarqs Senuda III, malbaris<br />
indoelTa mon<strong>of</strong>izit patriarq-kaTolikoss<br />
basil mar Toma maTe I, eTiopiis<br />
mon<strong>of</strong>izit patriarqs abuna Teklehaimanuds,<br />
siriel iakobistTa patriarqs<br />
mari iakob III, aRmosavleTis mon<strong>of</strong>izit<br />
patriarqs maqsime V. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobiT<br />
umaspinZla saqarTveloSi sapasuxo vizitiT<br />
Camosul sxvadasxva qveynis religiur<br />
da politikur liderebs, kulturis,<br />
mecnierebis, xelovnebis TvalsaCino<br />
warmomadgenlebs. saqarTvelosa da qarTvelebis<br />
Sesaxeb sainformacio masalebs<br />
beWdavdnen evropis, aziis, afrikis,<br />
amerikis qveynebis wamyvani gamocemebi.<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />
cnobili religiuri lideria, mas<br />
dialogi SeuZlia ara marto aramarTlmadidebeli<br />
qristianuli konfesiebis<br />
warmomadgenlebTan,aramed sxva aRmsareblobis<br />
adamianebTanac. amis dasturia<br />
kavkasiis muslimanTa lideris _ Seix<br />
alah Suqur faSa zadesa da uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II megobruli urTierToba,<br />
romelic aisaxeba qarTveli da<br />
azerbaijaneli xalxebis megobrobaze.<br />
2001 wels iranis islamuri respublikis<br />
prezidentis muhamed haTamis<br />
miwveviT uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia<br />
II <strong>of</strong>icialuri vizitiT imy<strong>of</strong>eboda<br />
iranSi, Sexvda prezident haTamsa da<br />
iranis islamuri respublikis sulier<br />
liders ali hameneis. patriarqma<br />
brZana: `me vfiqrob, rom Cveni qveynebis:<br />
iranisa da saqarTvelos religiuri<br />
liderebi da sasuliero moRvaweni,<br />
Cveni xelisufalni da sazogadoeba<br />
mzad arian, raTa ms<strong>of</strong>lios vuCvenoT<br />
magaliTi imisa, rom religiuri gansxvavebulobis<br />
da warsulSi dapirispirebebis<br />
miuxedavad, Segvwevs unari<br />
urTierTpativiscemisa, unari mSvidobiani<br />
da megobruli Tanaarsebobisa~.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom patriarqi<br />
saocrad Semwynarebelia, magram maSin,<br />
rodesac saqme exeba samSoblos, mar-<br />
Tlmadidebel eklesias, marTlmadidebel<br />
dogmats, aq igi arafers daTmobs.<br />
amis magaliTia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis ms<strong>of</strong>lio eklesiaTa<br />
sabWosTan urTierToba,rodesac am<br />
organizaciam kulturaTa,gansxvavebul<br />
konfesiaTa sxvadasxva sferoSi Tanam-<br />
Sromlobis SesaZleblobaTa ganxilva<br />
gadazarda erTiani ms<strong>of</strong>lio eklesiis<br />
Seqmnis,gansxvavebuli konfesiebis warmomadgenelTa<br />
erTobliv locvebsa da<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis miuRebel<br />
gadawyvetilebebSi. 1997 wlis<br />
20 maiss sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis<br />
locva-kurTxeviT da wmida sinodis<br />
ganCinebiT: `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesia uars ambobs ekumenur<br />
moZraobaSi monawileobaze da<br />
gamodis eklesiaTa ms<strong>of</strong>lio sabWodan<br />
da evropis eklesiaTa konferenciidan...<br />
marTlmadideblebi ar miiReben monawileobas<br />
ekumenur msaxurebaSi, saerTo<br />
locvebsa da RvTis TayvaniscemaSi~.<br />
patriarqis am gadawyvetilebas imxanad<br />
sxvadasxva Sefaseba mieca, magram drom<br />
misi marTebuloba aCvena.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia<br />
XX saukunis 70_80-ian wlebSi<br />
saqarTvelos politikuri, sulieri da<br />
147
kulturuli cxovrebis centrSi aRmoCnda.<br />
<strong>of</strong>icialuri xelisuflebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi aRiarebdnen,rom isini<br />
veRar axerxebdnen eklesiis saqmianobis<br />
srul kontrols da raRac garkveul<br />
CarCoebSi moqcevas. 1977_90-ian wlebSi<br />
Tbiliss stumrobdnen ms<strong>of</strong>lios mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli da aramarTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiebis meTaurebi, politikuri<br />
moRvaweebi. isini xvdebodnen sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs,uwmidessa<br />
da unetaress. 1923_77 wlebSi<br />
Tu TvalSi sacemi ar iyo is faqti,<br />
rom sapatriarqo rezidencia sul 3_4<br />
oTaxisgan Sedgeboda, axla ukve aSkara<br />
uxerxuloba iqmneboda. sabWoTa propaganda<br />
acxadebda, rom qveyanaSi. sinodis<br />
Tavisufleba garantirebuli iyo<br />
sabWoTa konstituciiT, rom eklesias<br />
yvelaferi hqonda, rac sWirdeboda.<br />
1977_88 wlebSi sionis sapatriarqo taZris<br />
garSemo usaxuri barakis tipis<br />
saxlebi iyo Camwkrivebuli, patriarqs<br />
sapatriarqo rezidencia ar hqonda.<br />
xelisuflebam erTxans orbelianis<br />
moedanze arsebuli sazRvargareTTan<br />
megobrobisa da kulturuli urTier-<br />
Tobis sazogadoebis Senoba dauTmo<br />
sapatriarqos...<br />
jer kidev 1967 wels, cxum-afxaze-<br />
Tis episkoposad y<strong>of</strong>nis dros, meufe<br />
iliam sinodis saxeliT saqarTvelos<br />
ssr mTavrobis Tavmjdomares mosTxova,<br />
sapatriarqosTvis daebrunebinaT 1923<br />
wels CamorTmeuli rezidencia. 1977<br />
wlidan xelisufleba grZnobda, rom<br />
uxerxuli viTarebis gamosworeba sapatriarqosTvis<br />
rezidenciis gamoy<strong>of</strong>iT<br />
SeiZleboda. uwmidesma da unetaresma<br />
ilia II 1984 wlis 2 Tebervals ganmeorebiTi<br />
TxovniT mimarTa saqarTvelos<br />
kompartiis pirvel mdivans e. SevardnaZes<br />
(1981 wlis 15 ivlisiTaa daTariRebuli<br />
adrindeli mimarTva) da moiTxova<br />
sapatriarqosTvis istoriuli Senobis<br />
gadmocema. mTavroba yoymanobda.<br />
bolos, saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWos<br />
1984 wlis 10 noembris dadgenilebiT<br />
saqarTvelos eklesias gadaeca naxevrad<br />
avariuli sportkomitetis y<strong>of</strong>ili<br />
Senoba, romelic gamouyenebeli<br />
darCa. 1989 wels erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />
moZraobis mesveurTa kategoriuli<br />
moTxovnis Semdeg <strong>of</strong>icialuri<br />
xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda<br />
aRedgina istoriuli samarTlianoba da<br />
1923 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiisaTvis ukanonod warTmeuli<br />
sapatriarqo rezidencia, sadac<br />
moRvaweobdnen uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqni: kirioni, leonide,<br />
ambrosi, daubruna kanonier mflobels.<br />
amieridan arc sasuliero da<br />
arc saero pirebs ukmarisobis grZnoba<br />
aRar dauflebiaT. saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis sapatriarqos<br />
istoriulma rezidenciam daibruna<br />
Tavisi funqcia. aq Tamamad SeiZleba<br />
saero da sasuliero pirebis miReba da<br />
Rirseuli maspinZloba. saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia<br />
cnobilia mTel ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi, es patriarqis<br />
ocdaaTwliani Tavdadebuli<br />
Sromisa da Rvawlis Sedegia.<br />
148
wyaroebi, literatura<br />
1. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1978, #1, gv. 12.<br />
2. patriarqi, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 234.<br />
3. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II. epistoleni, sityvani,<br />
qadagebani. t. II, Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 421_422.<br />
4. iqve, gv. 424.<br />
5. megobroba gzad da xidad, Tbilisi, 2007, gv.18_19.<br />
6. sergo vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesia 1917_1952 wlebSi, Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 205_206.<br />
7. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, f. 3797.<br />
8. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1979, gv.12_13.<br />
9. iqve, gv. 11.<br />
10. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 10417.<br />
11. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 8701.<br />
12. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 1374.<br />
13. mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis<br />
istoria, t. IV, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 38.<br />
14. iqve, gv. 39.<br />
15. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II,epistoleni,sityvani,<br />
qadagebani. t. II, Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 85.<br />
16. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2003, #38.<br />
17. sapatriarqos uwyebani, 2003, #38.<br />
18. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.9.<br />
19. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.13.<br />
20. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.12.<br />
21. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.16.<br />
22. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1981, #2, gv.17.<br />
23. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 2585.<br />
24. sergo vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo<br />
eklesia 1917_1952 wlebSi, Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 209.<br />
25. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 1839.<br />
26. sergo vardosaniZe,saqarTvelosa da somxeTis eklesiebis urTierToba<br />
1917_2000 wlebSi. _ Jurn. `religia~, 2002, #7-8-9, gv. 49.<br />
27. Jurn. `jvari vazisa~, 1978, #1, gv.15.<br />
28. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 2217.<br />
29. Jurn. `religia~, 2002, #7-8-9, gv.49.<br />
30. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, dok. 8441.<br />
31. patriarqi, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 286.<br />
32. ekumenizmi _ antiqristes religia, Tbilisi, 2002, gv. 219.<br />
149
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
eparqiebi<br />
akurTxa mcxeTaSi aSenebuli eklesia,<br />
wundasa da manglisSi safuZveli daudo<br />
axal eklesiaTa mSeneblobas, mdinare<br />
mtkvarSi sayovelTao naTloba<br />
aRasrula da sxv. mis samRvdelmTavro<br />
msaxurebas ukavSirdeba mcxeTis pirveli<br />
saepiskoposos dafuZneba. saqarTvelos<br />
pirveli mRvdelmTavari ioane<br />
mTavarepiskoposis wodebiT ixsenieba.<br />
mTavarepiskoposs, Sesabamisad, Tavis<br />
daqvemdebarebaSi my<strong>of</strong>i episkoposebic<br />
eyoleboda, Tumca qarTuli wyaroebi<br />
maT Sesaxebac arafers weren. wmida<br />
mefe mirianidan (IV s. 20-iani wlebi) _<br />
wmida mefe vaxtang gorgaslamde (V s-is<br />
II naxevari) saqarTveloSi cameti mTavarepiskoposi<br />
moRvaweobda. mRvdelm-<br />
Tavrebs ruis-urbnisis didi saeklesio<br />
kreba `episkopos-kaTolikosebs~<br />
uwodebs.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis eparqiebad<br />
day<strong>of</strong>is istoriisaTvis Tvalis<br />
midevneba SesaZlebelia wmida mefe vaxtag<br />
gorgaslis mier 12 axali saepiskoposo<br />
kaTedris _ axizis, eruSeTis,<br />
wundis, manglisis, bolnisis, rusTavis,<br />
ninowmindis, Weremis, CeleTis, xornabujis,<br />
agarakis, mcxeTis, mogvianebiT<br />
niqozis _ dafuZnebis Semdeg.<br />
mefe vaxtangis mier daarsebuli<br />
saepiskoposoebis ganlageba ZiriTadad<br />
emTxveoda qveynis imdroindel saero-administraciul<br />
day<strong>of</strong>as. TiToeul saerisTavoSi<br />
erTi saepiskoposo mainc arsegoCa<br />
guguSvili<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
samwyso teritoriis saeparqio<br />
danawileba da marTva pirveli saukunidanve<br />
iRebs saTaves. dasabamidan eklesiis<br />
organizaciuli mowyoba wmida<br />
werilsa da ms<strong>of</strong>lio saeklesio praqtikis<br />
uZveles tradicias efuZneba.<br />
qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis<br />
Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis istoria ramdenime periodad<br />
ganiy<strong>of</strong>a, rac eklesiis mwyemsmTavris<br />
uflebrivi mdgomareobis da titulaturis<br />
cvalebadobiT, eparqiaTa ricxvis<br />
zrda-SemcirebiT,maTi iurisdiqciis,<br />
administraciuli sazRvrebis da ierarqiuli<br />
wyobis sruly<strong>of</strong>iT da zogadad<br />
eklesiis gavlenis damcroba-aRzevebiT<br />
gamoixateboda. wmida mociqulebis<br />
mier dafuZnebul qristianul Tems,<br />
romelic mcirericxovnobiT gamoirCeoda,Tavisi<br />
episkoposi hyavda. qarTuli<br />
wyaroebi mociqulTa mier daarsebuli<br />
eklesiebis mmarTveli episkoposebis<br />
Taobaze TiTqmis arafers gvauwyeben<br />
(im periodis, I_IV ss., saqarTvelos sxvadasxva<br />
regionSi moRvawe mxolod<br />
ramdenime episkoposis Sesaxeb Zalze<br />
mwiri cnobebia Semonaxuli Zvel werilobiT<br />
wyaroebSi).<br />
wmida ninos moRvaweobis Semdeg<br />
qristianobaze moqceuli qarTlis<br />
pirveli episkoposi _ ioane saber-<br />
ZneTidan iyo mowveuli. saqarTveloSi<br />
Camosvlis Semdeg ioane episkoposma<br />
150
obda. did saerisTavoebSi ki ramdenime<br />
saepiskoposo samwyso iyo ganTavsebuli.<br />
saepiskoposo zogjer mxolod erTi qalaqiT<br />
Semoifargleboda.<br />
V saukunis II naxevarSi Camoyalibebuli<br />
saepiskoposoebis ricxvi 506<br />
wlis dvinis saeklesio krebaze ukve<br />
gaormagebulia. am periodidan saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis saWeTmpyrobels<br />
`kaTolikosi~ ewodeboda.<br />
XI s-is dasawyisidan (zogierTi<br />
mosazrebiT X s-is bolodan) politikurad<br />
gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli `kaTolikospatriarqis~<br />
wodebiT moixsenieba. imJamad,<br />
erTian saeklesio organizmad SekavSirebul<br />
dasavleT da aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTvelos eparqiaTa ricxvi xuT<br />
aTeulsac aRemateboda.<br />
zogierTi eparqiis teritoria Zalze<br />
ganvrcobili iyo da qveynis<br />
politikur sazRvrebsac scildeboda<br />
(niqozeli mRvdelmTavris samwysoSi<br />
Sediodnen Crdilo kavkasiaSi mosaxle<br />
xalxebi: osebi, dvalebi da sxv.).<br />
istoriuli Znelbedobisas zogierTi<br />
episkoposis marTva-gamgeoba mxolod<br />
nominalur xasiaTs atarebda,<br />
Tumca eparqiaTa amgvari nominaluri<br />
arsebobac ki momxduri mtrisgan dapyrobil-aoxrebuli<br />
qveynis realuri<br />
gaerTianebis safuZvels qmnida.<br />
XIII_XVIII ss-Si saqarTvelos ekonomikur-politikuri<br />
mdgomareoba da, amis<br />
kvalad, eparqiaTa raodenoba damokidebuli<br />
iyo qveynis Sida faqtorebsa<br />
da sagareo viTarebaze. monRolebis,<br />
iran-osmaleTis, Crdilokavkasieli<br />
tomebis _ afsuebis, lekebis, osebis da<br />
sxv. agresiam da qveynis politikurma<br />
daqucmacebulobam eklesiis dasusteba,<br />
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamodevna<br />
da samxreT saqarTvelos, kaxeTis,<br />
afxazeTis, qarTlis aTobiT eparqiis<br />
dacarieleba gamoiwvia. XX s-is<br />
bolo aTwleulis kataklizmebisa da<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lios wamyvani qveynebis interesTa<br />
arealSi saqarTvelos moxvedris gamo<br />
151<br />
qveynis mdgomareoba amJamadac arasaxarbielod<br />
warimarTa da msgavsi xasiaTis<br />
sirTuleebi cxum-afxazeTis da<br />
niqoz-cxinvalis eparqiebsac daatydaT<br />
Tavs.<br />
tradiciulad,saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
umaRlesi ierarqia sarwmunoebrivi<br />
siwmidis, erovnuli simtkicis da zneobrivi<br />
sispetakis damcvels warmoadgenda<br />
(aRmsarebeli da mowamebrivad<br />
aRsrulebuli mRvdelmTavrebi yovelTvis<br />
mravlad hyolia saqarTvelos,<br />
bolo periodis moRvaweTagan aRsaniSnavia<br />
wmida mRvdelmTavrebi: gabriel<br />
qiqoZe, aleqsandre oqropiriZe, kirion<br />
saZagliSvili, ambrosi xelaia, nazari<br />
leJava da sxvani).<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria<br />
garkveulwilad qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa<br />
moRvaweobis asaxvasac gulisxmobs<br />
da zustad esadageba cnobil gamoTqmas<br />
eklesiisa da episkoposis er-<br />
Tianobis Sesaxeb: `episkoposi _ eklesiaSia,eklesia<br />
ki _ episkoposSi~ (wmida<br />
kvipriane karTageneli),aseve `eklesiis<br />
saxe episkoposia~ (wmida egnate Rmer-<br />
TSemosili).<br />
XIX s-is dasawyisSi, 1811 wels, saqarTvelos<br />
wmida kaTolike samociqulo<br />
eklesiis ukanaskneli kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
mefe erekle II Zis, anton II<br />
bagrationis iZulebiTi wesiT ruseTSi<br />
gasaxlebiT da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis ZalmomreobiTi<br />
gauqmebiT sam-aTeulamde qarTuli<br />
eparqia daixura. Seicvala adgilobrivi<br />
eklesiis tradiciuli marTva-gamgeoba<br />
da mrevlTan urTierTobis saukunovani<br />
gamocdileba. amieridan kaTolikos-patriarqis<br />
institutis nacvlad, ruseTis<br />
sinods daqvemdebarebul saqarTvelos<br />
uZveles samociqulo eklesiis mmarTvels<br />
egzarqosi ewodeboda. 1811_1917<br />
wlebSi saqarTvelos eklesiaSi 19 egzarqosi<br />
`moRvaweobda”.<br />
1917 wels, avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />
Semdeg ganaxlebul 13 eparqias male<br />
oric daemata. aRdgenili eparqiebi iyo
152<br />
(droTa ganmavlobaSi eparqiaTa saxelwodebebi<br />
icvleboda): mcxeTis, Tbilisis<br />
(1920 w. 20 ivliss meore saeklesio<br />
krebam daadgina mcxeTisa da Tbilisis<br />
eparqiebis gaerTianeba, ris Semdegac<br />
samRvdelmTavros mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />
eparqia, xolo mwyemsmTavars mcxeTa-<br />
Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi ewoda),agarak-walkis,<br />
alaverdis, awyuris, baTum-<br />
Semoqmedis,bodbis,manglisis,margveTis,<br />
nikorwmindis, urbnisis, quTais-gaenaTis,<br />
cageris, cxum-afxazeTis, wilknis, Wyondidis,<br />
Tumca 20-ian wlebSi eklesiis<br />
winaaRmdeg dawyebuli sabWouri represiebis<br />
gamo qveynis tradiciuli,saeparqio<br />
marTva-gamgeoba aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
srulad ver aRdga. XX s-is<br />
70-iani wlebis bolos TiTebze CamosaTvleli<br />
iyo moqmed eklesiaTa raodenoba,<br />
romlebic ZiriTadad Tbilis-<br />
Si iyo Tavmoyrili.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II mwyemsmTavruli moRvaweobis<br />
dawyebisas saqarTvelos eklesia<br />
umZimes mdgomareobaSi iyo. imJamad<br />
nominalurad arsebuli 15 eparqiidan<br />
mxolod oTxs _ mcxeTa-Tbilisis,<br />
wilknis, baTum-Semoqmedisa da cxumafxazeTis<br />
eparqiebs hyavda mRvdelm-<br />
Tavrebi. 1977 wels maT ricxvs alaverdisa<br />
da bodbis eparqiebi miemata. sam-<br />
RvdelmTavro kaTedraTa umravlesoba<br />
mRvdelmTavrebisTvis daketili iyo<br />
da episkoposs Tavis samwyso eparqiaSi<br />
Casvlis ufleba ar hqonda. episkoposebi<br />
TbilisSi moqmed ramdenime eklesiaze<br />
iyvnen mimagrebulni. mangleli<br />
mRvdelmTavari didubis yovladwmida<br />
RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi aRasrulebda<br />
msaxurebas, bodbeli _ Tbilisis samebaSi,<br />
alaverdeli _ Telavis RvTaebis<br />
eklesiaSi da sxv. im periodSi saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiaTa udidesi nawili<br />
RvTismsaxurebisaTvis gauqmebulad<br />
iTvleboda. mTlianad saqarTveloSi<br />
ki sul ramodenime moqmedi taZari iyo;<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II dauRalavi moRvaweobis Sedegad<br />
daiwyo eparqiebisTvis mRvdelm-<br />
Tavrebis gamorCeva da kurTxeva. 70_<br />
80-iani wlebis mijnaze sveticxovlis<br />
sapatriarqo taZarSi aResrula kurTxeva<br />
cxum-afxazeTis, Wyondidis, quTaisgaenaTis,<br />
baTum-Semoqmedis, bodbis, axalcixisa<br />
da samcxe-javaxeTis, nikorwmindis,<br />
margveTis episkoposebisa.<br />
1995 wlis 5 aprils,saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />
gadawyvetilebiT, eparqiaTa ricxvi 27-<br />
mde gaizarda. amis Semdeg daiwyo axalgamorCeul<br />
mRvdelmTavarTa kurTxeva<br />
da dadgineba. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers,<br />
wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi eparqiaTa<br />
ricxvi 31-mde gaizarda. 2003 wlis 18<br />
agvistos saeklesio krebis ganCinebiT,<br />
romelic urbnisis sakaTedro taZarSi<br />
Catarda, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis eparqiaTa ricxvi ocdaTxuTmeti<br />
gaxda, xolo 2006 wlis 21<br />
dekembers saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis ganCinebiT samRvdelmTavroTa<br />
raodenobam 37-s miaRwia.<br />
bolo periodSi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II dauRalavi<br />
moRvaweobis Sedegad saqarTvelos<br />
eklesia ibrunebs Tavis Zvel mniSvnelobasa<br />
da funqcias. RvTis SewevniTa<br />
da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis<br />
ilia II ZalisxmeviT daiwyo<br />
gauqmebul eparqiaTa TandaTanobiTi<br />
aRdgena. mis mier nakurTxi mRvdelm-<br />
Tavrebi ganageben manamde nominalurad<br />
arsebul samRvdelmTavroebs. Tanmimdevrulad<br />
mimdinareobs saukuneTa<br />
ganmavlobaSi miviwyebuli qristianuli<br />
xelovnebis da xelsaqmis (sataZro<br />
arqiteqtura, xuroTmoZRvreba, miniatiuruli<br />
da monumenturi saeklesio<br />
ferwera, xeze da qvaze kveTa, Weduroba,<br />
qargva, galoba da sxva), sasuliero<br />
ganaTlebis kerebis (mcxeTis, Tbilisis,<br />
quTaisis, qedis, bodbis, xirsis, ze-
153<br />
stafonis, baTumis, xaSuris, axalcixis,<br />
gremis, ozurgeTis, foTis, saCxeris da<br />
sxva sasuliero pr<strong>of</strong>ilis saswavleblebi),<br />
mTargmnelobiTi tradiciis aRdgena<br />
da sxva. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />
unetaresis ilia II kurTxeviT Tanamedrove<br />
qarTul enaze gamoica biblia,<br />
saRvTismetyvelo krebulebi, aTobiT<br />
dasaxelebis saeklesio Jurnal-gazeTi,<br />
sasuliero literatura, kalendrebi.<br />
TbilisSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan<br />
funqcionirebs tele-radiomauwyebloba<br />
`iveria~. Seqmnilia xuroTmoZRvrebis,<br />
xelovnebisa da restavraciis<br />
centri; misiisa da evangelizaciis,<br />
sagareo saqmeTa, gamomcemlobis,<br />
siwmideTa moZiebisa da dacvis, Seiara-<br />
Rebul ZalebTan da samarTaldamcav<br />
dawesebulebebTan urTierTobis, xalxuri<br />
xelsaqmis gany<strong>of</strong>ilebebi,sainformacio<br />
samsaxuri; safinanso-ekonomikuri<br />
sabWo, saRvTismetyvelo komisia;<br />
saRvTismsaxuro wignebis Seswavlisa<br />
da redaqtirebis komisia; wmindanTa<br />
kanonizaciis komisia; gamomcemlobisa<br />
da recenzirebis departamenti; Camoyalibda<br />
axalgazrduli departamenti<br />
`Zlevai”, humanitaruli samsaxuri da<br />
sxva. aSenda da amoqmedda ramdenime<br />
aseuli eklesia-monasteri, moxda gamoCenil<br />
qarTvel saero da saeklesio<br />
moRvaweTa wmidanebad kanonizireba.<br />
saukuneTa Semdeg kvlav aRdga<br />
eklesiis egidis qveS my<strong>of</strong>i gelaTis<br />
mecnierebaTa akademia.<br />
macxovris Sobis 2000 da saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis 1500<br />
wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT aSenda da<br />
ikurTxa saqarTveloSi yvelaze didi<br />
saeklesio nageboba – yovladwmida<br />
samebis sapatriarqo taZari.<br />
2001 wlis 31 maiss ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqom<br />
<strong>of</strong>icialurad aRiara saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis istoriuli avtokefalia<br />
da misi meTauris sapatriarqo<br />
Rirseba.<br />
2002 wlis 14 oqtombers, sveticxovlis<br />
sapatriarqo taZarSi,saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqisa da qveynis prezidentis<br />
mier gaformda konstituciuri<br />
SeTanxmeba ,,saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa<br />
da saqarTvelos samociqulo<br />
avtokefaliur marTlmadidebel eklesias<br />
Soris (konkordati)‘‘. SeTanxmebis<br />
Tanaxmad, ganaxlda wyvetili memkvidreoba<br />
da saqarTvelos teritoriaze<br />
arsebuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiamonastrebi<br />
da saeklesio siwmideebi<br />
kanonier mesakuTres _ saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqos daubrunda.<br />
aTwleulobiT gamoketil eklesia-monastrebSi,<br />
RvTis madliT, dReisaTvis<br />
kvlav aResruleba RvTismsaxureba,<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis sulier sazrdos moklebuli<br />
mrevli tradiciul saeklesio wiaRs<br />
ubrundeba.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II ms<strong>of</strong>lio marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis winaSe gaweuli wvlilisaTvis<br />
sxvadasxva dros dajildoebulia<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqos, antioqiis,<br />
ierusalimis, aleqsandriis, ruseTis,<br />
saqarTvelos, saberZneTis, bulgareTis,<br />
rumineTis, poloneTis, Cexoslovakiis<br />
da TiTqmis yvela sxva marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiebis umaRlesi jildoebiT.<br />
niu-iorkis sasuliero akademiam mas<br />
RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris sapatio<br />
wodeba mianiWa, 1997 wels kretis sasuliero<br />
akademiam sapatio wevrad airCia,<br />
imave wels airCies gaerosTan arsebul<br />
informatizaciis saerTaSoriso akademiis<br />
namdvil wevrad,1998 wels amerikis<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
tixonis saRvTismetyvelo seminariam<br />
RvTismetyvelebis doqtoris sapatio<br />
wodeba mianiWa...<br />
Tanamedrove etapze saqarTvelos<br />
wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesiis<br />
da misi iurisdiqciis qveS arsebuli<br />
samwyso teritoriis da mrevlis marTva<br />
xorcieldeba saqarTvelos avtokefaliuri<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
marTva-gamgeobis debulebis (mcxeTa,<br />
sveticxoveli, 1995 w.) Sesabamisad. debulebis<br />
Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis samwyso iy<strong>of</strong>a<br />
eparqiebad. eparqiaTa mmarTveli<br />
mRvdelmTavrebi, imavdroulad, saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
wmida sinodis wevrebic arian.<br />
eparqiebi,Tavis mxriv,Sedgeba olqeb-<br />
Si (samTavarxucesoebSi) gaerTianebuli<br />
samrevloebisagan da samRvdelm-<br />
TavroTa teritoriaze ganlagebuli<br />
monastrebisagan. samTavarxucesos<br />
xelmZRvaneloba mindobili aqvs episkoposis<br />
mier daniSnul mTavarxucess,<br />
samrevloebi ki eparqiis teritoriaze<br />
arsebul taZrebTan gaerTianebuli<br />
mrevlia, romelic samRvdelo da morwmune<br />
marTlmadidebel qristianTagan<br />
Sedgeba. maTi xelmZRvaneloba eparqiis<br />
mRvdelmTavris mier dadgenil winamZ-<br />
Rvars (mRvdels) evaleba. monasterTa<br />
saqmianoba ki xorcieldeba specialuri<br />
samonastro tibikonis Sesabamisad, misi<br />
marTva mRvdelmTavris mier dadgenil<br />
Savi samRvdeloebis Sesabamis warmomadgenels<br />
_ winamZRvars (mRvdel-monazoni,<br />
iRumeni, arqimandriti) aqvs mindobili.<br />
saqarTvelos wmida kaTolike samociqulo<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis gan-<br />
CinebiT, saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaliuri<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
iurisdiqciaSi arsebuli eparqiebi<br />
da maTi mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi<br />
arian:<br />
1. mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia (q.<br />
Tbilisi,q. mcxeTa (s<strong>of</strong>. wilknis,muxranisa<br />
da saguramos garda), gardabnis<br />
r-ni) _ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi<br />
ilia II (RuduSauri-SiolaSvili).<br />
kaTedra da rezidencia mcxeTaSi,<br />
Tbilissa da biWvinTaSi.<br />
2. alaverdis eparqia (q. Telavi, q.<br />
axmeta) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
amba alaverdeli mitropoliti daviTi<br />
154<br />
(maxaraZe). kaTedra _ alaverdSi, rezidencia<br />
_alaverdsa da TelavSi.<br />
3. axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqia<br />
(q. axalqalaqi, ninowmindis r-ni)<br />
_ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />
nikolozi (faCuaSvili).<br />
kaTedra _ axalqalaqsa da kumurdoSi,<br />
rezidencia _ axalqalaqsa da ninowmindaSi.<br />
4. axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />
lazeTis eparqia (q. axalcixe, aspinZis<br />
da adigenis r-nebi, tao-klarjeTi da<br />
lazeTi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe). kaTedra<br />
da rezidencia _ axalcixesa da<br />
safaraSi.<br />
5. baTumisa da qobuleTis eparqia<br />
(q. baTumi, q. qobuleTi)<br />
_ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />
dimitri (SiolaSvili). kaTedra<br />
_ baTumSi, rezidencia _ baTumsa<br />
da qobuleTSi .<br />
6. bodbis eparqia (q. siRnaRi, q. ded<strong>of</strong>liswyaro)<br />
_yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi daviTi (tikariZe). kaTedra<br />
_ bodbeSi, rezidencia _ bodbeSi, siRnaRsa<br />
da ded<strong>of</strong>liswyaroSi.<br />
7. bolnisis eparqia (q. bolnisi)<br />
_ yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />
efremi (gamrekeliZe). kaTedra da rezidencia<br />
_ bolnisSi.<br />
8. borjomisa da bakurianis eparqia<br />
(q. borjomi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mTavarepiskoposi serafime (jojua).<br />
kaTedra da rezidencia _ borjomSi.<br />
9. dmanisis eparqia (q. dmanisi) _<br />
yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi zenoni<br />
(iarajuli). kaTedra da rezidencia<br />
_ dmanisSi.<br />
10. gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqia<br />
(q. gurjaani) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi eqvTime (leJava).<br />
kaTedra da rezidencia _ gurjaanSi.<br />
11. vanisa da baRdaTis eparqia (q.<br />
vani, q. baRdadi) _ maRalyovladusam-<br />
Rvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi antoni<br />
(buluxia). kaTedra _ baRdaTSi, rezi-
dencia _ vansa da baRdaTSi.<br />
12. zugdidisa da caiSis eparqia (q.<br />
zugdidi, q. walenjixa) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti gerasime<br />
(SaraSeniZe). kaTedra _ zugdidsa<br />
da caiSSi, rezidencia _ zugdidsa da<br />
walenjixaSi.<br />
13. manglisisa da walkis eparqia<br />
(q.TeTriwyaro, q. walka) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti anania<br />
(jafariZe). kaTedra da rezidencia _<br />
manglissa da walkaSi.<br />
14. margveTisa da ubisis eparqia (q.<br />
zestafoni, q. xaragauli) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mTavarepiskoposi<br />
vaxtangi (axvlediani). kaTedra _ zestafonSi,<br />
rezidencia _ zestafonsa da<br />
xaragaulSi.<br />
15. mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqia<br />
(q. mestia) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi ilarioni (qitiaSvili).<br />
kaTedra da rezidencia _ mestiaSi.<br />
16. nekresisa da hereTis eparqia<br />
(q. yvareli, q. lagodexi, saingilo)<br />
_ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />
sergi (CekuriSvili). kaTedra<br />
_ nekressa da yvarelSi, rezidencia<br />
_ yvarelSi, lagodexsa da kaxSi.<br />
17. nikorwmindis eparqia (q. ambrolauri,q.<br />
oni) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mTavarepiskoposi elise (joxa-<br />
Ze). kaTedra _ nikorwmindaSi, rezidencia<br />
_ ambrolaursa da onSi.<br />
18. niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqia<br />
(q. cxinvali, axalgoris, javisa da znauris<br />
r-nebi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti isaia (Wanturia).<br />
kaTedra da rezidencia _ niqozSi, cxinvalSi,<br />
axalgorsa da javaSi .<br />
19. rusTavisa da marneulis eparqia<br />
(q. rusTavi,q. marneuli) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti aTanase<br />
(CaxvaSvili). kaTedra _ rusTavSi, rezidencia<br />
_ rusTavsa da marneulSi.<br />
20. sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqia<br />
(q. sagarejo) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi luka (lomiZe). kaTedra<br />
da rezidencia _ sagarejosa da<br />
ninowmindaSi.<br />
21. samTavisisa da goris eparqia (q.<br />
gori, q. kaspi) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi andria (gvazava). kaTedra<br />
da rezidencia _ samTavisSi, gorsa da<br />
kaspSi.<br />
22. senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia<br />
(q. senaki, q. Cxorowyu) _ yovladusam-<br />
Rvdeloesi episkoposi Sio (mujiri).<br />
kaTedra _ senakSi,rezidencia _ senaksa<br />
da CxorowyuSi.<br />
23. stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqia<br />
(q. stefanwminda) _ yovladusam-<br />
Rvdeloesi episkoposi iegudieli (tabataZe).<br />
kaTedra da rezidencia _ stefanwmindaSi.<br />
24. sxalTis eparqia (q. qeda,q.Suaxevi,<br />
q. xulo) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />
spiridoni (abulaZe). kaTedra _<br />
sxalTaSi, rezidencia _ xuloSi.<br />
25. tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia<br />
(q. tyibuli, q. Terjola) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti<br />
giorgi (SalamberiZe). kaTedra da rezidencia<br />
_ TerjolaSi.<br />
26. urbnisisa da ruisis eparqia<br />
(q. xaSuri, q. qareli ) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti iobi<br />
(aqiaSvili). kaTedra _ urbnisSi, ruis-<br />
Si da xaSurSi, rezidencia _ xaSursa<br />
da suramSi.<br />
27. foTisa da xobis eparqia (q.<br />
foTi, q. xobi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti grigoli (berbi-<br />
WaSvili). kaTedra _ foTSi,rezidencia<br />
_ foTsa da xobSi.<br />
28. TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis eparqia<br />
(q. TianeTi) _ maRalyovladusam-<br />
Rvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi Tadeozi<br />
(ioramaSvili). kaTedra _ saguramosa<br />
da TianeTSi, rezidencia _ saguramoSi.<br />
29. quTais-gaenaTis eparqia (q. quTaisi,<br />
q. tyibuli, q. wyaltubo) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti<br />
kalistrate (margalitaSvili). kaTedra<br />
da rezidencia _ quTaissa da<br />
gelaTSi.<br />
30. Semoqmedis eparqia (q. ozurgeTi,<br />
155
q. lanCxuTi, q. Coxatauri) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mTavarepiskoposi<br />
iosebi (kikvaZe). kaTedra _ Semoqmedsa<br />
da ozurgeTSi, rezidencia _ ozurgeT-<br />
Si, lanCxuTsa da CoxataurSi.<br />
31. cagerisa da lentexis eparqia (q.<br />
cageri, q. lentexi) _ yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi stefane (kalaijiSvili).<br />
kaTedra _ cagerSi, rezidencia<br />
_ cagersa da lentexSi.<br />
32. cxum-afxazeTis eparqia (q. soxumi,<br />
q. oCamCire, q. gudauTa, q. gali, q.<br />
gagra, q. gulrifSi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti danieli<br />
(daTuaSvili). kaTedra _ soxumsa<br />
da axal aTonSi, rezidencia _ soxumSi,<br />
gudauTasa da gagraSi.<br />
33. wilknisa da duSeTis eparqia<br />
(q. duSeTi) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mTavarepiskoposi zosime (SioSvili).<br />
kaTedra _ wilkanSi, rezidencia<br />
_ wilkansa da duSeTSi.<br />
34. WiaTurisa da saCxeris eparqia<br />
(q. WiaTura, q. saCxere) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti<br />
danieli (daTuaSvili). kaTedra<br />
_ WiaTuraSi, rezidencia _ WiaTurasa<br />
da saCxereSi.<br />
35. Wyondidis eparqia (q. abaSa, q.<br />
martvili) _ maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mTavarepiskoposi petre (caava).<br />
kaTedra _ martvilSi, rezidencia _<br />
abaSasa da martvilSi.<br />
36. xonisa da samtrediis eparqia (q.<br />
xoni, q. samtredia) _ maRalyovladusam-<br />
Rvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi saba (gigiberia).<br />
kaTedra _ xonSi, rezidencia<br />
_ xonsa da samtrediaSi.<br />
37. dasavleT evropis eparqia _<br />
maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />
abraami (garmelia).<br />
1. mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia<br />
mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia ori uZvelesi<br />
qarTuli samRvdelmTavros _<br />
mcxeTis da Tbilisis saepiskoposoebis<br />
Serwymis Sedegad warmoiSva. saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />
Semdeg (1917 w.), meore saeklesio<br />
krebis ganCinebiT, 1920 wlis 20 ivliss,<br />
gaerTianda mcxeTis da Tbilisis eparqiebi<br />
da amis Semdeg mis mwyemsmTavars<br />
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi<br />
ewoda. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
mcxeTisa da Tbilisis<br />
gaerTianebul samRvdelmTavroTa<br />
mTavarepiskoposic gaxlavT.<br />
saqarTvelos amJamindeli saeparqio<br />
administrirebis Tanaxmad, mcxeTa-<br />
Tbilisis eparqias aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
ninowmindisa da sagarejos,<br />
dasavleTidan _ samTavisisa da goris,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ wilkan-duSeTisa da<br />
stefanwminda-xevis, samxreTidan _ manglis-walkisa<br />
da rusTav-marneulis eparqiebi.<br />
qristianuli saqarTvelos saeklesio<br />
centri odiTganve mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />
eparqiaa. mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis<br />
mniSvneloba, tradiciulad, imdenad<br />
didi iyo saqarTvelos saeklesio<br />
cxovrebaSi, rom, zogjer, qarTul da<br />
ucxour werilobiT wyaroebSi saqarTvelos<br />
eklesia SemoklebiT `mcxeTis<br />
kaTolike samociqulo eklesiis~,<br />
`mcxeTis saydris~, `mcxeTis sapatriarqo<br />
taZris~ an martivad `mcxeTis<br />
eklesiis~ saxeliT ixsenieboda.<br />
erTiani saqarTvelos eklesiasTan<br />
mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiis gaigivebis<br />
tradicias, qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebisTanave, aqauri<br />
mRvdelmTavris saqarTvelos saeklesio<br />
saWeTmpyroblad aRiarebis dawesebam<br />
Cauyara safuZveli. imavdroulad,<br />
mcxeTa, rogorc saqarTvelos saxelmwifos<br />
dedaqalaqi, ms<strong>of</strong>lio saeklesio<br />
praqtikis Sesabamisad, qveynis saeklesio<br />
centradac miiCneoda.<br />
arqeologiuri masalebi adasturebs,<br />
rom mcxeTasa da mis midamoebSi qristianuli<br />
Temebi pirvelive saukuneebidan<br />
arsebobda.<br />
qristianobis damkvidrebasTan er-<br />
156
Tad, dedaqalaqma mniSvnelovnad icvala<br />
saxe. Tuki warmarTuli mcxeTis<br />
centri mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze<br />
iyo, qristianobis miRebisTanave far-<br />
Tod gaSlilma aRmSeneblobam mdinaris<br />
marcxena napiras, uflis kvarTis<br />
samy<strong>of</strong>lis garSemo moiyara Tavi. mcxeTis<br />
pirveli eklesiebis mSenebloba<br />
wmida ninos moRvaweobis adgilebTan<br />
aris dakavSirebuli.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesias pirvel<br />
etapze, vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio<br />
reformamde da kaTolikosis institutis<br />
SemoRebamde, mTavarepiskoposi<br />
marTavda. aqedan moyolebuli, mcxeTis<br />
mTavarepiskoposi saqarTvelos erTiani<br />
eklesiis mwyemsadac iTvleboda.<br />
mTavarepiskoposis kaTedra mcxeTaSi<br />
_ dedaqalaqSi iyo. im periodSi<br />
mcxeTaSi mcire eklesiebTan erTad ori<br />
centraluri eklesia moqmedebda: zemo<br />
_ samTavros eklesia da qvemo _ sveticxovlis<br />
sakaTedro taZari, romelic<br />
480-ian wlebamde xis patara eklesias<br />
warmoadgenda. aq iyo qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis<br />
kaTedra. qarTlis moqcevidan<br />
aRniSnul reformamde da sveticxovlis<br />
ganaxlebamde `...gardaxdes welni<br />
r~o (170), mefeni gardacvalebul iyvnen<br />
aTni da mTavarepiskoposni i~g (cameti)~.<br />
mTavarepiskopos ioane I Semdeg misi adgili<br />
daikava iakobma, romelmac, Tavis<br />
mxriv,didi Rvawli dasdo saqarTvelos<br />
eklesias. igi mirianis mefobis dros<br />
saberZneTidan iyo mosuli.<br />
vaxtang gorgasalma Tavisi mefobis<br />
meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
organizaciul-administraciuli<br />
struqtura kaTolikosis institutis<br />
SemoRebiTa da, imavdroulad, Tormeti<br />
axali saepiskoposos daarsebiT Secvala.<br />
saepiskoposoebs Soris mcxeTac<br />
ixsenieba. samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebi<br />
zogi ukve arsebul eklesiebSi daaarses,<br />
zogisTvis ki axlad aages sakaTedro<br />
taZrebi. episkoposi, rogorc wesi,<br />
sagamgeo olqis _ eparqiis centralur<br />
qalaqSi ijda.<br />
157<br />
vaxtangs kaTolikosis rezidenciisaTvis<br />
mociqulTa saxelobis eklesia<br />
_ sveticxoveli mcxeTaSi axlad augia.<br />
mcxeTaSive arsebuli episkoposis<br />
Zveli saydari `macxovris~ saxelobisa<br />
saepiskoposod uqceviaT. amrigad, kaTolikosis<br />
institutis SemoRebis Semdeg<br />
mcxeTa ori mRvdelmTavris rezidenciad<br />
gadaiqca. kaTolikosisa da episkoposis<br />
kaTedrebi orive mcxeTaSi mdebareobda.<br />
reformis Semdeg qarTlis<br />
episkoposis kaTedra mcxeTaSive darCa,<br />
magram igi ukve erT-erT episkoposad<br />
CaiTvala da misi samwyso teritoria<br />
sagrZnoblad Semcirda. V saukunemde,<br />
aRniSnul reformamde, mcxeTis saepiskoposos<br />
iurisdiqcia mTlianad qarTlis<br />
samefos teritoriaze vrceldeboda<br />
da aq arsebuli yvela eklesia mas<br />
emorCileboda. kaTolikosobis dawesebidan<br />
mcxeTis saepiskoposo sakaTolikosoSi<br />
Semaval erT-erT saepiskoposod<br />
iqca, romlis iurisdiqcia mxolod<br />
mdinareebis _ rexulasa da did<br />
liaxvs Soris mdebare teritoriaze<br />
vrceldeboda. am periodidan mcxeTis<br />
saepiskoposos meTaurs qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi<br />
an samTavros episkoposi<br />
ewodeboda. mcxeTis saepiskoposo eklesia<br />
samTavros saxeliTac ixsenieba,<br />
rogorc `mTavris~, mTavarepiskoposis<br />
rezidencia. qarTlis episkoposs, kaTolikosis<br />
Semdeg, pirveli adgili ekava<br />
ierarqiulad da qveynisaTvis udidesi<br />
mniSvnelobis movlenis dros _ mefis<br />
kurTxevisas _ kaTolikosis Semdeg upiratesad<br />
iTvleboda.<br />
vaxtangis saeklesio reformis Semdeg<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis pirveli<br />
kaTolikosi iyo petre I, xolo mTavarepiskoposi<br />
_ samoel I. mcxeTis kaTolikosi<br />
iyo mefis Semdeg umaRlesi<br />
piri.<br />
TbilisSi didi mSeneblobis dawyeba<br />
V s-is 60-ian wlebs ukavSirdeba<br />
da savaraudoa, rom Tbilisis sionis<br />
mSeneblobac am droidanve daiwyo,<br />
radgan amave periodidanve ixsenieba
pirveli Tbileli episkoposic. Tbileli<br />
episkoposis kaTedra dasawyisidanve<br />
Tbilisis sioni iyo.<br />
qarTlis centraluri eparqiebi,<br />
tradiciulad mcxeTa da Tbilisi, teritoriuli<br />
siaxlovis miuxedavad, gansxvavebul<br />
mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen.<br />
odiTganve ki maT mRvdelmTavrebs Sesabamisi<br />
funqciuri datvirTva da movaleobebi<br />
hqondaT saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
winaSe. dedaqalaqis TbilisSi gadmotaniT<br />
pirvel etapze aqauri mRvdelm-<br />
Tavris gavlenac Sesabamisad gaizrdeboda,<br />
magram Tbileli mRvdelmTavari<br />
qveynis politikuri mdgomareobis Sesabamisad<br />
mudmivad ver inarCunebda<br />
dawinaurebul mdgomareobas. mterTa<br />
Semosevisas qveynis Znelbedoba upirvelesad<br />
Tbilisze aisaxeboda. momxduri<br />
dedaqalaqis dapyrobiT da aoxrebiT<br />
saxelmwifos aclida umTavres dasayrdens.<br />
Tbilisis samRvdelmTavro<br />
samwysoc amis kvalad nadgurdeboda<br />
da knindeboda. arabi amiras oTxsaukunovani<br />
uRlis gadagdebis Semdegac<br />
ki Tbilisis eparqia didi xnis ganmavlobaSi<br />
sakmaod damcrobili Cans.<br />
Tbileli episkoposis mitropolitis<br />
xarisxSi amaRleba XVII_XVIII ssis<br />
mijnaze qarTlis mefis erekle I<br />
nazarali-xanis (1688_1703, kaxeTSi _<br />
1703_09 ww.) dros da ioane diasamiZis<br />
patriarqobisas aRsrulda. amis Semdeg<br />
Tbileli mRvdelmTavrebi mitropolitis<br />
maRali samRvdelmTavro wodebiT<br />
ixseniebian. Tbilelis mitropolitoba<br />
mefe erekle meoremac daadastura.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebamde Tbileli da mcxeTeli<br />
mRvdelmTavrebi TavianT dawinaurebul<br />
mdgomareobas inarCunebdnen. saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis<br />
Semdeg Tbilelisa da mcxeTelis<br />
kaTedra qarTlis sxva eparqiebTan<br />
erTad egzarqoss daqvemdebarebul<br />
erT samRvdelmTavrod gaerTianda.<br />
mcxeTasa da TbilisSi mimdinare<br />
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo muSaoba<br />
158<br />
ZiriTadad am mxareSi arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi<br />
mimdinareobda. umdidresi<br />
biblioTekebi hqonda mcxeTis<br />
sveticxovlis, samTavros, SiomRvimis<br />
da sxva saganmanaTleblo kerebs. yvela<br />
eklesia Tavisebur skolas warmoadgenda<br />
momavali Taobis qristianuli<br />
zneobiT aRzrdis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
eklesiis aqtiuri poziciac saqveynod<br />
iyo gacxadebuli samefo karis Tu<br />
didebulTa maRalzneobrivi, erisTvis<br />
misabaZi qristianuli cxovrebis<br />
SenarCunebisaTvis. saeklesio kreba<br />
ganaCinebda mefis yvela mniSvnelovan<br />
nabijs daviT aRmaSeneblis, Tamaris,<br />
giorgi brwyinvalis, aleqsandre didis...<br />
dros.<br />
XIX saukunis dasawyisSi, 1811 wels,<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebis Semdeg, dasrulda saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis istoriis Zveli periodi.<br />
am droidan qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa<br />
odiTganve mkacrad gansazRvruli<br />
uflebrivi mdgomareoba uary<strong>of</strong>il<br />
iqna, qarTlis uZvelesi eparqiebi ki<br />
egzarqoss damorCilebul erT _ mcxe-<br />
Ta-qarTlis eparqiaSi gaerTianda.<br />
1917 wlis seqtemberSi Tbilisis<br />
sionSi avtokefaliaaRdgenili saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis pirvel saeklesio<br />
krebaze SemuSavda eklesiis marTvagamgeobis<br />
debuleba, romlis Tanaxmad<br />
pirvel etapze 13 eparqia ganaxlda.<br />
eparqiaTa CamonaTvalSi pirvel da<br />
meore adgilze mcxeTisa da Tbilisis<br />
samRvdelmTavroebi ixsenieba. pirvel<br />
kaTolikosad arCeuli kirion saZagliSvili<br />
TbilisSi Zvel sapatriarqo<br />
taZarSi _ anCisxatSi aRasrulebda<br />
RvTismsaxurebas. Tbileli mRvdelm-<br />
Tavris kaTedra sionis taZari iyo. 1918<br />
wlis ivnisSi tragikulad aRsrulebuli<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis adgili<br />
Tbilelma mitropolitma leonidem<br />
daikava. saqarTvelos eklesiis mar-<br />
Tva-gamgeobis debulebaSi, 1920 wlis<br />
20 ivlisis meore saeklesio krebis<br />
ganCinebiT, garkveuli saxis cvlile-
ebi Sevida. gaerTianda mcxeTisa da<br />
Tbilisis eparqiebi, mis mwyemsmTavars<br />
amis Semdeg mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi<br />
ewoda. saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqebi amieridan<br />
mcxeTisa da Tbilisis gaerTianebuli<br />
samRvdelmTavroebis mwyemsmTavrebi<br />
arian.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />
eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi da<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTolikos-patriarqebi<br />
wmida mRvdelmTavar kirion<br />
saZagliSvilis Semdeg iyvnen uwmidesni<br />
da unetaresni:<br />
leonide oqropiriZe (1918_1921 ww.);<br />
ambrosi xelaia (1921_1927 ww.);<br />
qristefore cicqiSvili (1927_1932 ww.);<br />
kalistrate cincaZe (1932_1952 ww.);<br />
melqisedek fxalaZe (1952_1960 ww.);<br />
efrem sidamoniZe (1960_1972 ww.);<br />
daviT devdariani (1972_1977 ww.).<br />
1977 wlis 25 dekembridan saqarTvelos<br />
wmida kaTolike samociqulo<br />
eklesias mwyemsmTavrobs sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi, mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />
mTavarepiskoposi ilia II SiolaSvili.<br />
mTeli am xnis manZilze qveyanaSi<br />
arsebuli antieklesiuri politikuri<br />
reJimis miuxedavad, RvTis SewevniT da<br />
patriarqis dinji da gawonasworebuli<br />
moRvaweobiT saqarTvelos eklesia<br />
ibrunebs saukuneTa nacad tradiciul<br />
funqcias.<br />
mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiaSi adridanve<br />
aseulobiT taZari iyo agebuli<br />
Cveni winaprebis mier. amJamad moqmedi<br />
eklesiebisa da monastrebis ricxvi or<br />
aseuls aRwevs, RvTismsaxurTa raodenoba<br />
ki gacilebiT metia.<br />
2. rusTavisa da marneulis eparqia<br />
rusTavisa da marneulis eparqia aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTvelos samxreTiT mdebare<br />
erT-erTi sazRvrispira eparqiaa.<br />
159<br />
igi moicavs qalaqebs _ rusTavs, marneuls,<br />
gardabansa da maT mimdebare teritorias.<br />
eparqiis iurisdiqcia istoriul<br />
qvemo qarTlis vakeze (aRmosavleTiT<br />
rusTavi, dasavleTiT marneuli),<br />
mdinareebis _ mtkvris, algeTisa da<br />
xramis auzebze vrceldeba. rusTavisa<br />
da marneulis samRvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba sagarejosa da<br />
ninowmindis eparqia, CrdiloeTidan _<br />
mcxeTa-Tbilisis, dasavleTidan _ manglis-walkisa<br />
da bolnisis eparqiebi,<br />
eparqiis samxreTi sazRvari emTxveva<br />
somxeTisa da azerbaijanis saxelmwifo<br />
sazRvars.<br />
eparqiis samRvdelmTavro rezidencia<br />
_ rusTavi saqarTvelos erTerT<br />
uZveles qalaqad aris miCneuli.<br />
toponim `rusTavis~ warmoSobas am<br />
adgilebSi md. mtkvridan sarwyavi arxis,<br />
ZvelqarTulad _ `rus~ gayvanas<br />
ukavSireben: „gaiRo mefeman vaxtang ru<br />
mtkurisagan“.<br />
marneuli qalaqur dasaxlebad<br />
iqauri s<strong>of</strong>lebis: lomTagora-marneulis,<br />
eklesiis, Wandar-sandarisa da<br />
sarvanis gaerTianebis Sedegad iqca.<br />
uZvelesi dasaxlebaa lomTagora, „marneuls,<br />
sadaca ars afTarni mravalni,<br />
ars nacixvari,mis gamo iwoda Zueladve<br />
lomTa-gora“, romelic werilobiT wyaroebSi<br />
pirvelad XIII s-Si ixsenieba.<br />
XVII s-Si iranis Sahma abas I aqedan ayrili<br />
qarTuli mosaxleobis nacvlad<br />
borCalus Turqmanuli tomi daasaxla,<br />
ris gamoc aqaur dasaxlebasac borCalo<br />
ewoda. XX s-is SuaxanebSi ki kvlav<br />
aRdga Zveli qarTuli saxelwodeba.<br />
eparqiis teritoriaze eklesiaTa<br />
mSenebloba saqarTvelos gaqristianebis<br />
dasawyisidanve iwyeba. „moqcevaÁ<br />
qarTlisaÁs“ Tanaxmad, IV s-is bolos<br />
Trdat mefes rusTavSi daudvia „eklesiisa<br />
safuZveli“. saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
organizaciuli mowyobis droidan<br />
rusTavi mcxeTis saydris iurisdiqciaSi<br />
Sedioda. wmida mefe vaxtang<br />
gorgaslis saeklesio reformis Sem-
deg rusTavi saepiskoposo erTeulad<br />
aRiracxeba da igi rusTavis saerisTavos<br />
teritorias moicavda. imJamindeli<br />
tradiciis Tanaxmad, axlad Camoyalibebuli<br />
eparqiebisaTvis saerisTavoebis<br />
centralur qalaqebSi sagangebod<br />
Sendeboda saeparqio sakaTedro taZrebi.<br />
V saukunis bolosaTvis rusTav-<br />
Si ukve arsebobda erTi sakaTedro<br />
da ramdenime masze daqvemdebarebuli<br />
eklesia. arqeologiuri monacemebiT,<br />
rusTavSi dadasturebulia qristianobis<br />
adreuli periodis eklesiaTa arseboba.<br />
saqarTvelos saeklesio cxovreba-<br />
Si rusTveli episkoposis aqtiuroba<br />
araerTxel dasturdeba. 506 wlis dvinis<br />
saeklesio krebas rusTveli episkoposic<br />
eswreboda.<br />
droTa ganmavlobaSi rusTavis<br />
saepiskoposos mdgomareoba icvleboda,<br />
mas xSirad hqonda damcroba-Seviwroebisa<br />
Tu aRzeveba-dawinaurebis<br />
periodebi. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi,<br />
mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg, momxdurTa<br />
saTareSo asparezad TbilisTan erTad<br />
qvemo qarTlis vakec iqca. saqarTveloSi<br />
arabebis gamanadgurebeli laSqrobis<br />
Semdeg, Tbilisis saamiros oTxsaukunovani<br />
istoriis manZilze, VIII<br />
s-is 30-iani wlebidan XII s-is dasawyisamde,<br />
rusTavi Tbilisis amiras xelSi<br />
iyo. XI saukuneSi mas damoukidebeli<br />
amirac ki ganagebda. XIII saukunis<br />
60-iani wlebis bolos oqros urdos<br />
yaenma berqam daarbia rusTavi da misi<br />
mimdebare mxareebi. amis Semdeg rus-<br />
Taveli mRvdelmTavris sadgomad miCneul<br />
iqna marty<strong>of</strong>i. marty<strong>of</strong>Si my<strong>of</strong>i<br />
mRvdelmTavari kvlav rusTvelad ixsenieboda.<br />
rusTveli mRvdelmTavris dawinaurebasa<br />
da amaRlebas misi bisoniT<br />
SemosviTa da mitropolitis xarisxSi<br />
ayvaniT erekle I ganaCinebs: „SevamkeT<br />
da miuboZeT sauflo kaba Cveni porfir-bisoni<br />
da STavacviT kvarTi sam-<br />
Tavro da SevmoseT mefeTa samoseliTa<br />
160<br />
da mitropolitad ganvaweseT“.<br />
aRzevebuli saepiskoposo 1811 wels,<br />
saqrTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebisas, mxolod rva s<strong>of</strong>liT Semoifargleboda.<br />
egzarqosis institutis<br />
dawesebiT ki eparqia saerTod<br />
gauqmda da saeklesio organizacia<br />
qarTlsa da kaxeTSi mxolod mcxeTisa<br />
da alaverdis eparqiebiT ganisazRvra.<br />
TiTqmis orsaukunovani umoqmedobis<br />
Semdeg saganmanaTleblo da mwignobruli<br />
tradiciiT gamorCeuli<br />
rusTavis eparqiis aRdgena sruliad<br />
mitropo-<br />
RalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
liti aTanase (CaxvaSvili).<br />
3. quTais-gaenaTis eparqia<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II ZalisxmeviT<br />
mxolod 1995 wlis aprilSi<br />
gaxda SesaZlebeli. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers,<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />
rusTavis eparqias rusTavisa<br />
da marneulis eparqia ewoda.<br />
1997 wels rusTavis samRvdelmTavros<br />
mwyemsmTavrad dainiSna ma-<br />
quTais-gaenaTis eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi, istoriuli egris-afxazeTis<br />
samefos centralur nawilSi<br />
mdebareobs. igi mdinare rionis qvemo<br />
dinebasa da wyalwiTelas xeobas moicavs.<br />
eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis<br />
qalaqebi quTaisi, wyaltubo, maTi mimdebare<br />
teritoriebiT da tyibulis raionis<br />
nawili. quTais-gaenaTis eparqias<br />
aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba Terjolisa<br />
da tyibulis, dasavleTidan _ xonisa<br />
da samtrediis, CrdiloeTidan _<br />
nikorwmindis, cagerisa da qvemo svane-<br />
Tis, samxreTidan _ vanisa da baRdaTis<br />
eparqiebi.<br />
bibliuri noes STamomavlis _ egris<br />
wilxvdomil mamulze, adreul werilobiT<br />
wyaroTa dasturiT, arsebuli<br />
uZvelesi saxelmwifos Sesaxeb Zveli<br />
asuruli da urartuli solisebri
warwerebi gvauwyeben. antikur samyaro-<br />
Si cnobili kolxeTis mZlavri samefos<br />
Sesaxeb berZen-romaeli mwerlebic<br />
werdnen. herodote mas axlo aRmosavleTis<br />
didi monarqiebis _ midiisa<br />
da aqemeniduri iranis _ gverdiT axsenebs.<br />
am qveynis centralur qalaqs apolonios<br />
rodoseli (qristes Sobamde<br />
III s.) kutaias, xolo prokopi kesarieli<br />
(VI s.) kutaions uwodeben. evropaaziis<br />
wyalgamy<strong>of</strong>i da saerTaSoriso<br />
magistralis erTi monakveTi _ md. rioni<br />
_ eparqiis teritorias Suaze y<strong>of</strong>da.<br />
qarTuli da ucxouri werilobi-<br />
Ti wyaroebi swored mdinare fazisTan<br />
akavSireben saqarTveloSi mociqulTa<br />
mimosvlis marSruts.<br />
VII s-Si daarsebula quTaisis saepiskoposoc,<br />
romelic imJamindel dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos sakmaod vrcel<br />
teritorias moicavda. quTaisis samRvdelmTavro<br />
kaTedris dawinaureba, gansakuTrebiT<br />
VIII s-is bolo meoTxedidan,<br />
leon II afxazTa mTavris mier egris-afxazeTis<br />
gaerTianebuli samefos<br />
SeqmniT daiwyo. axalSeqmnili samefos<br />
politikur-administraciuli centri<br />
qalaqi quTaisi gaxda, romlis Zalaufleba<br />
mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze,<br />
maT Soris zRvispireTzec vrceldeboda.<br />
berZnulenovani lazikisa da abazgiis<br />
samRvdelmTavroebis gauqmebis<br />
Semdeg politikurad gaerTianebuli<br />
dasavleT saqarTvelos dawinaurebul<br />
kaTedrad quTaisis samwyso iTvleboda,<br />
romelic guriisa da aWaris mniSvnelovan<br />
nawilsac aerTianebda. quTaTeli<br />
mRvdelmTavris aRzeveba aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTvelodan dasavleT saqarTveloSi<br />
„mefe“ stefanozis da mTeli samefo<br />
ojaxis gadasvlam (VIII s-Si arab-<br />
Ta Semosevebis gamo) ganapiroba. mefem<br />
ukanaskneli gansasvenebeli „saydarsa<br />
quTaissa“ pova da amis Semdeg quTaisi<br />
mefeTa saZvaled iTvleboda.<br />
X s-is bolo meoTxedidan, 978 wels<br />
quTaisSi gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos<br />
mefis _ bagrat III kurTxevis Semdeg<br />
161<br />
igi <strong>of</strong>icialurad saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi,<br />
xolo „quTaTeli _ saqarTvelos<br />
mefeTa makurTxebelica da mesaflavec<br />
gaxda“. saqarTvelos imJamindeli dedaqalaqisaTvis<br />
axali samRvdelmTavro<br />
kaTedra 1027 wels „aRaSena mefeman<br />
bagrat, yovlad wmidisa eklesia<br />
Suenieri, gumbaTiani... yovliTa SemkobilebiTa<br />
sruli, da friad didi...“. qu-<br />
Taisi 1122 wlamde, daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />
mier Tbilisis aRebamde, saqarTvelos<br />
dedaqalaqad iTvleboda da amis Semdegac<br />
rusudanis, daviT narinisa da<br />
sxvaTa mefobisas igi saqarTvelos saxelmwifos<br />
administraciul centrs<br />
warmoadgenda. mefis kurTxevis dros<br />
dedaqalaqad Tbilisis dawesebis miuxedavad,<br />
Zveli tradiciis Sesabamisad<br />
kvlav quTaTelia erT-erTi upiratesi<br />
mRvdelmTavari, „vinaTgan lixT-imeriTgan<br />
iyo wesi dadgmad gvirgvinsa Tavsa<br />
sameufosa“. Tamaris mefed kurTxevisas<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis dawinaurebul<br />
mRvdelmTavarTa Soris umTavresi<br />
samefo regaliis _ mefis gvirgvinis<br />
dadgma kvlav quTaTelma aRasrula.<br />
XVII_XVIII ss., imereTis saerTo<br />
dakninebis periodi, quTaTelis samRvdelmTavros<br />
damcrobis xanad iTvleba.<br />
osmalTa mZlavrobisagan da adgilobriv<br />
mTavarTa mixdomisagan gapartaxebuli<br />
quTaTelis samRvdelmTavro<br />
kaTedra saukunis bolos, 1691 wels<br />
droebiT gauqmda kidec: „gamovidnen<br />
cixidam osmalni da Semusres quTaisis<br />
eklesia yovlad wmidisa did Suenierad<br />
gebuli... saquTaTlo saepiskoposos“.<br />
quTaisis gapartaxebuli eparqiis<br />
aRdgena XVIII s-is Sua wlebidan iwyeba.<br />
1740 wels sruliad axalgazrda, 20<br />
wlis mitropoliti anton bagrationi,<br />
momavalSi saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi<br />
anton I, quTaisis eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavrad daadgines. imereTis mefis<br />
_ solomon I Zalisxmevas ukavSirdeba<br />
damcrobil-dakninebuli quTaisisa<br />
da gelaTis samRvdelmTavroTa te-
162<br />
ritoriis da Zveli mamulebis moZieba<br />
da ganaxleba.<br />
egris-afxazeTis sakaTolikoso ka-<br />
Tedrisa da rezidenciis gelaTSi gadatanis<br />
Semdeg kaTolikosad xSirad<br />
quTaTels an gaenaTels niSnavdnen.<br />
quTaTelisa da gaenaTelis samSoblosadmi<br />
tradiciul erTgulebasa da<br />
did mamuliSvilobas avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebamde aqaur mRvdelmTavarTa _<br />
dosiTeoz quTaTelisa (wereTeli) da<br />
eqvTime gaenaTelis moRvaweoba adasturebs.<br />
me-18 saukunis 70-iani wlebis<br />
bolodan, TiTqmis oTxi aTeuli wlis<br />
manZilze, 1820 wlamde, aRniSnul kaTedrebs<br />
ganagebdnen dosiTeoz quTaTeli<br />
(wereTeli) da eqvTime ServaSiZe.<br />
maTi ZalisxmeviT, mTeli saqarTvelos<br />
erT samefod gaerTianebis safuZveli<br />
momzadda. aRmosavleT da dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos Soris „iverielTa erTobis<br />
traqtati“ daido, sadac amier da<br />
imier qarTvelTa Wirsa da lxinSi Tanadgomis<br />
aRTqma iyo dadebuli.<br />
1819_20 wlebis imereTis cnobili<br />
ajanyebisas dosiTeoz quTaTeli da<br />
eqvTime gaenaTeli ajanyebis Suagul-<br />
Si aRmoCndnen. ruseTis mier wamowyebuli<br />
„inventarizaciiT“ aRSfoTebul<br />
imerel mosaxleobas mRvdelmTavrebi<br />
qristesmieri siyvaruliT gansjisa<br />
da simSvidisaken mouwodebdnen, xolo<br />
ruseTis saero da saeklesio xelisuflebas<br />
am gaugonari da Cveni eklesiisaTvis<br />
miuRebeli saqmianobis Sewyvetas<br />
sTxovdnen. rusma moxeleebma<br />
moxuci mRvdelmTavrebi saxelmwifos<br />
mter „buntovSCikebad“ Seracxes da<br />
maT dasapatimreblad, TiTqos did saomar<br />
operacias atarebdnen, damatebiTi<br />
SeiaraRebuli razmebi moiTxoves.<br />
nacemi da xiStebiT daCxvletili<br />
mRvdelmTavrebi, tomrebiT cxenebs akidebulni,<br />
ruseTis gzas gauyenes. dasustebuli<br />
dosiTeozi ananurTan gardaicvala,<br />
eqvTime ki novgorodidan imperatorTan<br />
warsadgenad peterburgSi<br />
Caiyvanes... moxuc mRvdelmTavars mravalricxovan<br />
qarTvelTa sisxlis daTxevis<br />
gamo imperator aleqsandre I-sTvis<br />
„axali drois neroni“ uwodebia.<br />
gasaxlebuli da samSoblos monatruli<br />
mxcovani mRvdelmTavari 1822 wlis<br />
21 aprils novgorodSi, sviris monasterSi<br />
gardaicvala.<br />
imereTis ajanyebis sastikad CaxSobis<br />
Semdeg, 1821 wels ruseTis sinodis<br />
19 noembris brZanebiT, imereTSi arsebuli<br />
eparqiebidan Seiqmna mxolod<br />
erTi _ imereTis eparqia, romlis ka-<br />
Tedra quTaisSi iyo. eparqiis mmarTveloba,<br />
imperatoris neba-surviliT, manamde<br />
nikorwmindel episkopos s<strong>of</strong>rom<br />
wulukiZes miandes (1821_1845 ww.). mas<br />
ruseTis sinodma arqiepiskoposis wodeba<br />
mianiWa.<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, 1917<br />
wlis seqtemberSi, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
pirvel krebaze ganaxlebul 13<br />
eparqias Soris quTaisisa da gelaTis<br />
eparqiebic aRdga. krebaze quTaTel<br />
mRvdelmTavrad dainiSna mitropoliti<br />
anton giorgaZe. qveynad dawyebuli saeklesio<br />
represiebis dros mitropoliti<br />
antoni, maleve, 1918 wlis seqtember-<br />
Si, mowamvliT gamoasalmes sicocxles.<br />
male quTaisisa da gaenaTis kaTedrebi<br />
erT samwysod gaerTianda da quTaisgaenaTis<br />
eparqia ewoda.<br />
quTais-gaenaTis eparqias amJamad<br />
marTavs maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti kalistrate (margalitaSvili).<br />
4. manglisisa da walkis eparqia<br />
manglisisa da walkis eparqia qristianuli<br />
saqarTvelos uZvelesi samRvdelmTavro<br />
samwysoa. eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
Sedis manglisis, TeTriwyaros<br />
(Zv. garisi), walkis (Zv. eZini) raionebi.<br />
eparqias aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
rusTavisa da marneulis,dasavleTidan<br />
_ borjomisa da bakurianis, axalqalaqisa<br />
da kumurdos, CrdiloeTidan<br />
_ mcxeTa-Tbilisis, samTavisisa da go-
is, samxreTidan _ bolnisis da, agreTve,<br />
dmanisis eparqiebi. wmida mefe vaxtangis<br />
mier daarsebul saqarTvelos<br />
sakaTolikosos eparqiaTagan manglisi<br />
meoTxe samRvdelmTavrod ixsenieba.<br />
igi 12 eparqias Soris axizis, eruSe-<br />
Tisa da wundis Semdeg saxeldeba, rac<br />
misi didi mniSvnelobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.<br />
IV s-is I naxevarSi werilobiT<br />
wyaroebSi ukve qalaqad moxseniebuli<br />
manglisi vaxtangis Semdeg periodSi,<br />
VI s-Si, qarTlis „yvelaze mniSvnelovan“<br />
qalaqTa Soris (Tbilisi, ujarma,<br />
bolnisi, rusTavi) ixsenieba. saeklesio<br />
kuTxiT manglisis dawinaurebas saka-<br />
Tedro taZris ageba da iq daculi umniSvnelovanesi<br />
siwmideebi _ „ficari<br />
ferxisa uflisa~ ganapirobebda. manglisis<br />
saydris dawinaurebul mdgomareobas<br />
dvinis saeklesio krebaze, 506<br />
wels, 24 qarTvel episkoposTa Soris<br />
aqauri mRvdelmTavris „elages episkopos<br />
mangleacis“ me-9 adgilze moxseniebac<br />
mianiSnebs.<br />
eparqiis sakaTedro taZari VI s-Si<br />
imdenad saxelganTqmuli iyo, rom mcxe-<br />
Tis jvarTan erTad saxeldeba da mis<br />
mosalocad saqarTvelos sazRvrebs garedan,<br />
kerZod somxeTidanac dadiodnen.<br />
amJamad eparqia manglisis Zvel sam-<br />
RvdelmTavro samwysosTan erTad walkis<br />
kaTedris teritoriasac aerTianebs.<br />
vaxuStis cnobiT, mdinare „qciis<br />
kideze ars eklesia gunbaTiani, walkas<br />
didi, keTilnaSeni, zis episkopozi,<br />
mwyemsi TrialeTisa“. Tumca walkis<br />
gaqalaqeba da misi saxelobis saepiskoposo<br />
kaTedris Camoyalibeba mogvianebiT<br />
moxda. saukuneTa manZilze iranosmaleTTan<br />
ganuwyvetelma TavdacviTma<br />
brZolebma, Crdilokavkasieli<br />
tomebis xSirma darbevebma _ „lekianobam“<br />
_ mosaxleobis ricxvi Seamcira,<br />
teritoriebi gaapartaxa da XVIII s-is<br />
SuaxanebisaTvis qarTlisa da kaxeTis<br />
zogierTi eparqiis msgavsad manglisisa<br />
da walkis saepiskoposoebic aoxrda<br />
da daicala.<br />
adridanve, qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebis droidan,am<br />
mxareSi mravali gamorCeuli eklesia<br />
da monasteri arsebobda: samSvilde,<br />
gudarexi, didi ToneTis sameba, fitare-<br />
Ti, didi kldeisi, winwyaro, beSTaSeni,<br />
walka, TeZami, pirRebuli da sxv. 1917<br />
wlis seqtemberSi aRdga uZvelesi da<br />
mravalgansacdelgamovlili samRvdelmTavro<br />
kaTedra. igi manglisisa da<br />
walkis Zvel saepiskoposo teritoria-<br />
Ta gaerTianebuli samwysoa.<br />
qveynis Znelbedobis Jams uZveles<br />
qarTul saqristiano kuTxeSi sxvadasxva<br />
erovnebis xalxi Caasaxles. es<br />
mxare didi eTnikuri mravalferovnebiT<br />
gamoirCeva, ramac marTlmadidebeli<br />
mrevlis Semcireba gamoiwvia. Tavis<br />
droze, mahmadianuri agresiis gamo,<br />
es mxare didad dazaralda, axla amas<br />
daemata isic, rom qarTuli mosaxleoba<br />
ucxoeTSi, ZiriTadad saberZneTSi,<br />
wavida. berZnuli mosaxleobis didma<br />
nawilmac datova saqarTvelo da sam-<br />
SobloSi dabrunda.<br />
amJamad eparqias marTavs maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti anania<br />
(jafariZe).<br />
163<br />
5. Wyondidis eparqia<br />
Wyondidis eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi, samegrelos centralur<br />
nawilSi mdebareobs. igi moicavs qalaqebs<br />
_ abaSas, martvils da maT mimdebare<br />
teritorias. Wyondidis eparqias<br />
aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba xonis,<br />
dasavleTidan _ senakisa da Cxorowyus,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ cagerisa da lentexis,<br />
samxreTidan _ foTisa da xobis da<br />
Semoqmedis eparqiebi.<br />
saeklesio tradicia qristianobis<br />
qadagebas am mxareSi wmida mociqul<br />
andria pirvelwodebuls miawers. imJamad<br />
am adgilze saxelganTqmuli kerpi<br />
_ muxis didi xe, megrulad „Wyoni<br />
didi“ mdgara da mis saTayvaneblad<br />
da msxverplSesawirad mTeli egrisis
mosaxleoba dadioda. magiuri ZaliT<br />
Semosil bomons saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi<br />
Cvil pirmSoebs swiravdnen msxverplad.<br />
wmida mociqulma upirveles<br />
kerpad miCneul muxas qristes saxeliT,<br />
xalxis Tvalwin, moWra dauwyo. uvneblad<br />
gadarCenili andrias xilvisas<br />
xis uZlurebiT gulmocemulma warmar-<br />
Tebma irwmunes WeSmariti RmerTi da<br />
muxa TviTonve moWres. andrias mier<br />
moqceulma megrelebma pirveli eklesiac<br />
bomonis adgilze aages. Wyondideli<br />
mRvdelmTavari X s-dan mTavarepiskoposis<br />
maRali samRvdelmTavro wodebiT<br />
moixsenieba.<br />
matianis Tanaxmad, Wyondidis uZveles<br />
sakaTedro taZarSi dasaflavebulia<br />
erTiani saqarTvelos didi mefe<br />
bagrat IV (1027_1072 ww.).<br />
Wyondideli mRvdelmTavris didi<br />
gavlenisa da avtoritetis gamo wmida<br />
mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma saeklesio<br />
saqmeTa mowesrigebisas swored masze<br />
SeaCera arCevani. Wyondidels umaRlesi<br />
saero Tanamdeboba _ mwignobarTuxucesoba<br />
miando da mefis Semdeg samefos<br />
pirvel pirad aqcia. SemdegSi<br />
mefe daviTma Wyondidels kidev ori<br />
eparqia _ bedia da alaverdi dauqvemdebara,<br />
rac misi mzardi gavlenis mimaniSnebelia.<br />
Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi<br />
zogjer qarTlis upirvelesi<br />
saeklesio ierarqi _ kaTolikosic<br />
xdeboda da sxva eparqiis mRvdelmTavrobasac<br />
iTavsebda.<br />
saqarTvelos politikuri daSlilobis<br />
xanaSi, XV_XVIII ss-Si Wyondideli<br />
episkoposi afxazeTis kaTolikoss<br />
eqvemdebareboda da samegrelos<br />
samTavrosa da mTlianad dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi<br />
mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebda. igi<br />
samegrelo-odiSis samTavros eklesiis<br />
meTaurad iTvleboda.<br />
1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg ganaxlebul<br />
13 eparqias Soris Wyondidis<br />
uZvelesi eparqiac iyo. sabWouri<br />
164<br />
represiebis gamo Wyondidis eparqiaSi<br />
eklesiuri cxovrebis etapobrivi aRdgena<br />
mxolod me-20 saukunis 80-iani<br />
wlebidan, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II ZalisxmeviT iwyeba.<br />
amJamad eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria ma-<br />
RalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />
petre (caava).<br />
6. urbnisisa da ruisis eparqia<br />
urbnisisa da ruisis eparqia qveynis<br />
SuagulSi, amier da imier saqarTvelos<br />
sazRvarze mdebareobs. igi ori uZvelesi<br />
samRvdelmTavro kaTedris _ ruisisa<br />
da urbnisis samwyso teritorias<br />
aerTianebs, romelTa cal-calke moxsenieba<br />
vaxtang gorgaslis Semdegdroindeli<br />
periodidan iwyeba. mas aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba samTavisisa<br />
da goris eparqia, dasavleTidan _ margveTis<br />
da WiaTura-saCxeris, Crdiloe-<br />
Tidan _ niqozisa da cxinvalis, samxreTidan<br />
_ borjomisa da bakurianis<br />
eparqiebi. qveynisaTvis istoriulad<br />
yvela mniSvnelovani movlena centraluri<br />
qarTlis samRvdelmTavroebs<br />
_ ruissa da urbniss garkveulwilad<br />
ukavSirdeboda: saqarTvelos mosaqcevad<br />
mcxeTisaken gzad mimavalma wmida<br />
ninom am mxareSi gaiara da erTi Tvis<br />
ganmavlobaSi RvTaebrivi moZRvrebis<br />
naTliT gananaTlebda aqaur mkvidrT;<br />
asurel wmida mamaTagan sami _ miqael<br />
ulumboeli, piros breTeli da Tadeoz<br />
stefanwmideli _ am kuTxeSi moRvaweobda;<br />
eparqiis sakaTedro taZarSi<br />
saqarTvelos mefis kurTxevac (giorgi<br />
II 1072_1089ww.) aRsrulebula da aqve<br />
ukanaskneli gansasvenebelic upovia<br />
qveynis winamZRols (aleqsandre IV<br />
imerTa mefe, 1683_90, 1691_95 ww.); yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovan movlenad ki wmida mefe<br />
daviT aRmaSenebelis dros, 1104 wels,<br />
„sanaxebTa qarTlisaTa maxloblad<br />
orTa saepiskoposoTa ruisisa da urbnisisaTa“<br />
saeklesio krebis Catareba
iTvleba, romelic „didTa wylulebaTa<br />
kurnebad Semokrba da gamowulilvi-<br />
Ta friadiTa... keTilwesierebaÁ saTnoÁ<br />
RmrTisaÁ daamtkices“.<br />
eparqiis teritoriaze qristianuli<br />
cxovrebis dasawyisi qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebels<br />
_ wmida ninos ukavSirdeba.<br />
aq arsebuli uZvelesi eparqiebi<br />
V saukunis bolos dafuZnda. ruisis<br />
sakaTedro taZris aSeneba wmida mefe<br />
vaxtang gorgasals miewereba. urbnisis<br />
sakaTedro taZaric V_VI saukuneTa<br />
mijnaze augiaT da misi ganaxleba camet<br />
asurel mamaTagans, TaTe stefanwmindels<br />
ukavSirdeba.<br />
eparqiaTa teritoriaze odiTganve<br />
mravali kulturul-saganmanaTleblo<br />
kera arsebobda. orive sakaTedro ta-<br />
ZarSi da eparqiis teritoriaze arsebul<br />
eklesia-monastrebSi umdidresi<br />
biblioTekebi arsebobda,romelTa mogroveba<br />
uZvelesi droidan daiwyo.<br />
didi istoriis mqone eparqiebi,<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebis Semdeg, mcxeTa-qarTlis<br />
eparqias miuerTes. ruis-urbnisis<br />
eparqiis ganaxleba saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenas ukav-<br />
Sirdeba. 1917 wels, ganaxlebul camet<br />
eparqias Soris erT-erTi urbnisis<br />
eparqiac iyo, garkveul dros ki uSualod<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqs an mezobel<br />
samwysos mRvdelmTavars hqonda<br />
samarTavad SeTavsebuli.<br />
eparqiis TandaTanobiTi aRorZineba<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II mwyemsmTavrobisas gaxda SesaZlebeli.<br />
daiwyo RvTismsaxurTa dadgineba,<br />
eklesia-monastrebis ganaxleba.<br />
1996 wlis 21 oqtombridan eparqiaSi<br />
saeklesio cxovrebis gansakuTrebuli<br />
gamococxleba maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropolitis iobis (aqiaSvilis)<br />
mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad dadgenas<br />
ukavSirdeba.<br />
7. cxum-afxazeTis eparqia<br />
cxum-afxazeTis eparqia saqarTvelos<br />
ukidures Crdilo-dasavleTSi<br />
mdebareobs da istoriuli afxazeTis<br />
samTavros teritorias moicavs. mis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
Sedis qalaqebi _ soxumi,<br />
oCamCire, gali, gudauTa, gagra, gulrifSi<br />
da maTi mimdebare teritoriebi.<br />
cxum-afxazeTis samRvdelmTavro<br />
samwysos aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
mestiisa da zemo svaneTis, samxreT-aRmosavleTidan<br />
_ zugdidisa da caiSis<br />
eparqiebi, CrdiloeTis sazRvari kavkasionis<br />
centralur qeds emTxveva, dasavleTis<br />
da samxreT-dasavleTisa ki<br />
_ Savi zRvispira zolze mdebareobs.<br />
afxazeTi, saqarTvelos sxva ku-<br />
Txeebis msgavsad, I s-Si mociqulebma<br />
moiares da qristianoba iqadages.<br />
tradiciis Tanaxmad, wmida mociqulis<br />
svimon kananelis saflavi afxazeT-<br />
Sia. qristianobis devnisas, I_III saukuneebSi<br />
romis imperiidan afxazeTSi,<br />
rogorc masze daqvemdabarebul mxare-<br />
Si, mravali qristiani gaasaxles. 325<br />
wels nikeis pirvel ms<strong>of</strong>lio saeklesio<br />
krebaze miwveuli iyo biWvinTeli<br />
episkoposi strat<strong>of</strong>ile. es faqti<br />
saqarTvelos zRvispireTSi adridanve<br />
mtkice qristianuli Temebis arsebobis<br />
mimaniSnebelia. IV s-Si, qristianobis<br />
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis<br />
Semdeg, es mxare gaqristianda da aqtiuri<br />
qristianuli cxovreba daiwyo.<br />
afxazeTSi sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebas<br />
xels uwyobda am mxareSi did qristian<br />
warmomadegenlTa: _ wmida ioane<br />
oqropiris, wmida mowame vasiliskos,<br />
wmida mowame longinoz biWvinTelis,<br />
wmida mowame erna komanelis da sxvaTa<br />
cxovreba-moRvaweoba.<br />
egris-afxazeTis samefos Camoyalibebis<br />
Semdeg iq arsebul berZnulenovan<br />
samRvdelmTavroTa TandaTanobiTi gadmoqarTulebis<br />
procesi daiwyo. `afxaz-<br />
Ta samefos~ Seqmnis Semdeg aRniSnuli<br />
kaTedrebis gaerTianebiT `afxazeTis<br />
165
sakaTolikoso~ Camoyalibda. afxazeTis<br />
sakaTolikoso saqarTvelos erTiani eklesiis<br />
organul nawils warmoadgenda.<br />
mas adridanve ucxoeli avtorebi `qvemo<br />
iveriis~ anu dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTolikosos<br />
saxeliT ixseniebdnen. X<br />
s-idan berZnuli saepiskoposoebis sanacvlod<br />
qarTuli samRvdelmTavro ka-<br />
Tedrebis dafuZneba daiwyo.<br />
XVI_XVII ss-Si Crdilo kavkasiidan<br />
Camosaxlebuli mTielTa tomebi<br />
saqarTvelos istoriul kuTxeSi _ afxazeTSi<br />
damkvidrebis gamo afxazebad<br />
iwodebian. Tumca ki Tavidanve cnobili<br />
iyo maTi eTnikuri gansxvaveba Zveli<br />
afxazebisagan. dasavleT saqarTveloSi,<br />
afxazeTis sakaTolikosoSi garkveul<br />
dros eparqiaTa ricxvi 25-mde aRwevda.<br />
dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTolikosos<br />
gauqmebis dros imereTis samefos<br />
samRvdelmTavroebi 4-mde Semcirda,<br />
xolo mogvianebiT afxazeTis sakaTolikoso<br />
quTais-imereTis erT eparqiad<br />
Camoyalibda. XIX s-is 50-ian wlebSi<br />
aRdga afxazeTis saepiskoposo, romelsac<br />
1885 wlamde ganagebdnen qarTveli<br />
mRvdelmTavrebi. 1885 wlidan soxumis<br />
eparqiis saxeliT aRmdgar afxazeTis<br />
eparqias antiqarTuli orientaciis<br />
rusi episkoposebi marTavdnen. ruse-<br />
Tis xelisuflebis reaqciuli gegma afxazeTSi<br />
erovnuli dapirispirebisa da<br />
mtrobis gaRrmavebas iTvaliswinebda.<br />
1917 wlis seqtemberSi, avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg mowveul saqarTvelos<br />
pirvel saeklesio krebaze aRadgines<br />
afxazeTis eparqia, romlis mwyemsmTavars<br />
cxumel-bedieli ewoda.<br />
1992 wlidan cxum-afxazeTis<br />
eparqias mwyemsmTavrad dadgenilia<br />
maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mitropoliti<br />
danieli (daTuaSvili).<br />
8. WiaTurisa da saCxeris eparqia<br />
WiaTuris da saCxeris eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos aRmosavleTiT<br />
_ zemo imereTSi, istoriuli argveTis,<br />
166<br />
imave margveTis, saerisTavoSi mdebareobs.<br />
igi WiaTura-saCxeris raionebsa<br />
da maT mimdebare teritorias moicavs.<br />
es regioni WiaTurisa da saCxeris<br />
eparqiis Seqmnamde margveTis eparqias<br />
miekuTvneboda. WiaTuris eparqia<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
wmida sinodis 1995 wlis 5 aprilis<br />
ganCinebiT Seiqmna. 2002 wlis 17<br />
oqtombris gadawyvetilebiT eparqias<br />
saxeli Seecvala da amieridan WiaTurisa<br />
da saCxeris eparqia ewodeba. axlad<br />
Seqmnili eparqia day<strong>of</strong>ilia or<br />
_ WiaTurisa da saCxeris olqebad. Wia-<br />
Turisa da saCxeris samRvdelmTavro<br />
teritorias aRmosavleTis mxridan<br />
niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqia esazRvreba,<br />
dasavleTidan _ quTais-gaenaTis,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ nikorwmindis, samxre-<br />
Tidan _ margveTisa da ubisis, samxreTaRmosavleTidan<br />
_ urbnisisa da ruisis<br />
eparqiebi.<br />
V_VI saukuneebis qristianul nagebobaTa<br />
kvali am mxareSi adreqristianuli<br />
periodidanve sarwmunoebis<br />
mtkiced gavrcelebis mimaniSnebelia.<br />
argveTis teritoriaze qristianuli<br />
sarwmunoeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />
uSualo mezoblobiT da misi gavleniT<br />
gavrcelda.<br />
1917 w. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgena gauqmebul eparqiaTa<br />
amoqmedebiTac aRiniSna. Tanamedrove<br />
WiaTura-saCxeris eparqia margveTis<br />
eparqiaSi Sedioda.<br />
1995 wlis 5 aprilis saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />
margveTis eparqiis ganvrcobili<br />
teritoriis safuZvelze Camoyalibda:<br />
a) sakuTriv margveTisa da b) WiaTuris<br />
eparqia. 2002 wlis oqtombridan Wia-<br />
Turis eparqias WiaTurisa da saCxeris<br />
eparqia ewoda.<br />
2002 wlis 17 oqtombridan WiaTurisa<br />
da saCxeris eparqiis mmarTvel<br />
mRvdelmTavrad dadgenilia maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
cxum-afxazeTis<br />
mitropoliti danieli (daTuaSvili).
9. alaverdis eparqia<br />
alaverdis eparqia odiTganve kaxeTis<br />
umTavres qristianul samwysod<br />
iTvleba. igi or qalaqs _ Telavsa da<br />
axmetas da maT mimdebare teritorias<br />
moicavs. alaverdis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />
nekresisa da hereTis eparqia<br />
esazRvreba, dasavleTidan _ TianeTisa<br />
da fSav-xevsureTis, samxreTidan _<br />
sagarejo-ninowmindisa da gurjaan-veliscixis,<br />
xolo CrdiloeTidan _ kavkasionis<br />
mTebis centraluri qedi.<br />
istoriuli tradicia alaverdis<br />
eparqiis Camoyalibebas XI saukunis<br />
pirvel meoTxedSi kaxeT-hereTis mmarTvel<br />
kvirike III (1010_1037 ww.) moRvaweobas<br />
ukavSirebs.<br />
eparqiis daarsebisTanave aqauri<br />
mwyemsmTavari amba alaverdelis wodebiT<br />
ixsenieba. termini „amba“ siriulia<br />
da monastris winamZRvris qarTuli saxelwodebis<br />
_ „mamis“ Sesatyviss warmoadgens.<br />
am zedwodebas alaverdeli<br />
episkoposebi atareben imis gamo, rom<br />
isini monastris winamZRvrebic iyvnen.<br />
tradiciis damkvidreba alaverdis pirveli<br />
winamZRvris, camet asurel mama-<br />
Tagan erT-erTis, iosebis saxels ukav-<br />
Sirdeba, romelic amba alaverdelad<br />
iwodeboda. ioseb alaverdelis saflavi<br />
Tavissave daarsebuli monastris _<br />
wmida giorgis eklesiaSia.<br />
adridanve alaverdis eparqiis dawinaurebuli<br />
mdgomareoba misma mdebareobam,<br />
istoriulma viTarebam da<br />
kaxeTis damoukidebel politikur<br />
erTeulad Camoyalibebam ganapiroba.<br />
misi samwyso teritoria vrceldeboda<br />
„... Turdos-xevs Stors zeiT kaxeTis<br />
mTad kavkasamde.“<br />
amba alaverdelis didi mniSvneloba<br />
erTiani saqarTvelos samefoebad<br />
daSlis Semdegac gamokveTili iyo.<br />
alaverdis mterTagan mravalgzis<br />
aoxrebis miuxedavad, monasteri bolo<br />
dromde saqarTvelos erT-erT mZlavr<br />
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kerad<br />
167<br />
iTvleba. 1917 wels, saukunovani brZolis<br />
Semdeg, avtokefaliaaRdgenilma<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiam pirvel etapze<br />
13 eparqia aRadgina. 17 seqtembers saeklesio<br />
krebam axlad aRdgenil alaverdis<br />
saepiskoposo kaTedraze mRvdelmTavrad<br />
daadgina episkoposi piros<br />
oqropiriZe.<br />
1993 wlis 1 seqtembridan maRalyov-<br />
ladusamRvdeloesi amba<br />
alaverdeli<br />
mitropoliti gaxlavT daviTi (maxaraZe).<br />
10. dasavleT evropis eparqia<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos dasavleT<br />
evropis eparqia moicavs dasavleT<br />
evropis saxelmwifoebs _ avstrias,<br />
belgias, germanias, danias, did britaneTs,<br />
espaneTs, italias, luqsemburgs,<br />
portugalias, safrangeTs, Sveicarias,<br />
Svecias, holandias da droebiT amerikis<br />
SeerTebul Statebs. eparqia Tavis<br />
iurisdiqciaSi aerTianebs aRniSnul saxelmwifoebSi<br />
droebiT an mudmiv sacxovreblad<br />
emigrirebul saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mrevls da<br />
am qveynebSi mcxovreb im ucxoelebs,<br />
vinc Tavs miiCnevs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis wevrad.<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos dasavleT<br />
evropis eparqia Seiqmna saqarTvelos<br />
samociqulo avtokefaliuri<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />
2002 wlis 17 oqtombris ganCinebis<br />
safuZvelze. axalSeqmnili eparqiis<br />
mRvdelmTavris titulia saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqos dasavleT evropis episkoposi.<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos dasavleT<br />
evropis eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad<br />
dadgenilia maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti abraami<br />
(garmelia).<br />
11. nekresisa da hereTis eparqia<br />
nekresisa da hereTis eparqia<br />
saqarTvelos ukidures aRmosavleT-<br />
Si mdebareobs. igi qalaqebs _ yvar-
els, lagodexs da saingilos mxares<br />
moicavs. eparqias dasavleTis mxridan<br />
alaverdis, samxreTidan _ gurjaan-veliscixis<br />
da bodbis eparqiebi esazRvreba,<br />
aRmosavleTis sazRvari ki azerbaijanTan<br />
da daRestanTan gadis.<br />
saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebisTanave es<br />
mxarec gaqristianda da ukve IV s-is II<br />
naxevarSi Trdat mefem „nekress kaxe-<br />
Tisasa eklesiaÁ aRaSena gansrulebiT“,<br />
romelic saqarTveloSi dRemde moRweul<br />
eklesiaTagan erT-erT uZveles taZrad<br />
iTvleba. mefe vaxtang gorgaslis<br />
dros Camoyalibda nekresis eparqia,<br />
romlis samwyso teritoria Tavidanve<br />
sakmaod ganvrcobili, xolo misi mRvdelmTavari<br />
iyo „episkopoz gaRma-mxrisa<br />
didoTurT“. VI s-is II naxevarSi<br />
camet asurel mamaTagan erT-erTi, abibosi<br />
ganagebda nekresis samRvdelmTavros.<br />
XVII s-is dasawyisidan Sahma abas I<br />
kaxeTs nekresis samRvdelmTavro teritoriis<br />
nawili – kak-eniseli CamoaSora<br />
da iq muslimuri sasulTno Seqmna.<br />
am kuTxidan qristiani mosaxleobis<br />
masobrivi ayrisa da ganadgurebis Semdeg<br />
eparqia sakmaod Sesustda.<br />
1811 wels,saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebis Semdeg, nekresis<br />
uZvelesi eparqia kaxeTSi Seqmnil erT<br />
_ kaxeT-alaverdis eparqiaSi gaerTianda<br />
da misi aRdgena mxolod 1995 wels<br />
gaxda SesaZlebeli.<br />
2002 wlis 17 oqtombers, saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis ganCinebiT nekresis eparqias<br />
nominalurad dauqvemdebares saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifo sazRvrebs miRma arsebuli<br />
istoriuli qarTuli provincia<br />
hereTi. eparqiasac Seecvala saxelwodeba<br />
da amis Semdeg mas nekresisa da<br />
hereTis samRvdelmTavro ewodeba.<br />
1997 wlidan eparqiis mmarTveli<br />
mRvdelmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti sergi (CekuriSvili).<br />
168<br />
12. TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis<br />
eparqia<br />
TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis<br />
eparqia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiuleTSi<br />
mdebareobs. igi moicavs aragvisa<br />
da ivris xeobebis istoriul<br />
kuTxeebs _ erwo-TianeTsa da Zveli<br />
fxovis teritorias. eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba alvan-TuSeTi,<br />
romelic alaverdis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSia,<br />
dasavleTidan _ xevisa da<br />
stefanwmindis eparqia, samxreTidan da<br />
samxreT-dasavleTidan _ gudamayarmTiuleTi,<br />
romelic wilknis eparqias<br />
miekuTvneba, samxreT-aRmosavleTidan _<br />
mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia; CrdiloeTi<br />
sazRvari saqarTvelo-ruseTis saxelmwifo<br />
sazRvars emTxveva Zveli qiste-<br />
Tis, imave CaCneT-inguSeTis avtonomiur<br />
respublikasTan.<br />
Zvel qarTul saistorio mwerloba-<br />
Si aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiel mosaxleobas<br />
saerTo saxeli _ `mTeulni~<br />
ewodebodaT. `mTeulni~ kaxeTis CrdiloeTiT,<br />
aragvisa da Tergis xeobebSi<br />
saxlobdnen, sadac TiToeul kuTxes<br />
Tavisi sakuTari istoriul-eTnografiuli<br />
da y<strong>of</strong>a-cxovrebis Sesaferisi<br />
tradiciuli saxelwodeba hqonda. am<br />
mxaris ukiduresi samxreTiT, mdinare<br />
ivris dasavleT mxares mdebareobda<br />
`erwu~, anu `erwo~, erwos zemoT, iorze<br />
iyo `TianeTi~, romelic adridanve<br />
ara marto qalaqur dasaxlebas, aramed<br />
mTel kuTxes erqva. gudamayris xeobis<br />
aRmosavleTiT fxovelTa mTebze Sefenili<br />
iyo `fxoeTi~. fxoeTi, igive fxovi,<br />
XV saukunemde fSavisa da xevsure-<br />
Tis zogadi saxeli iyo. amdenad, samRvdelmTavros<br />
geografiuli sazRvrebi<br />
vrceldeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />
mTis istoriul kuTxeebze _ fSavsa<br />
da xevsureTze (adreuli werilobi-<br />
Ti Zeglebis mixedviT `fxovi~), aseve _<br />
erwosa da TianeTze (garkveul periodSi<br />
`JaleTis qveynis~ saxeliT iyo<br />
cnobili).
Tanamedrove TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis<br />
kuTxeTa mosaxleoba IV s-Si<br />
wmida mefe mirianis religiur reformas<br />
erTnairi ganwyobiT ar Sexvedria.<br />
mematianis uwyebiT: wmida ninom da episkoposma<br />
ioanem `mouwodes mTiulTa,<br />
WarTalelTa, fxoelTa, gudamayrelTa<br />
da uqadages maT sjuli qristianeTa<br />
WeSmariti, mimyuanebeli cxovrebad saukunod;<br />
xolo maT ara inebes naTlisReba;<br />
fxovelTa dauteves queyana maTi da<br />
gardavides TuSeTs~, xolo erwo-Tiane-<br />
Telebma `Seiwynares da naTel iRes~-o.<br />
fSav-xevsurTa gaqristianeba miewereba<br />
mirianis Zes, mefe baqars da cota mogvianebiT<br />
_ wmida mRvdelmTavar abibos<br />
nekresels. aqauri mosaxleobis saboloo<br />
gaqristianeba da saqarTvelos sapatriarqosadmi<br />
maTi sruli saeparqioorganizaciuli<br />
daqvemdebareba wmida<br />
daviT aRmaSeneblis da Tamaris epoqebs<br />
ukavSirdeba. Tumca Tanamedrove eparqiis<br />
teritoriaze gacilebiT adre wmida<br />
mefe vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio<br />
mmarTvelobiTi reformis dros dafuZnda<br />
eparqia, romelic vaxuSti batoniSvilis<br />
mixedviT `JaleTi~,igive `ber~<br />
anu CeleTiao. JaleTs `gorgasal aRa-<br />
Sena eklesia keTil-Suenieri, gunbaTiani<br />
da dasva episkopozi, mwyemsi erwo-<br />
TianeTisa, fSav-Ãevsurisa da Ãerkisa~.<br />
mogvianebiT, JaleTis damcrobis Semdeg,<br />
rodesac igi mxolod `JaleTis qveynis~<br />
politikur centrs warmoadgenda, aRniSnuli<br />
samRvdelmTavros teritoriebi<br />
xarWaSnis sakaTedro taZars daqvemdebarebia.<br />
dRemde moRweuli xarWaSnis,<br />
imave xarWiSos samonastro kompleqsis<br />
wmida giorgis eklesia, sacxovrebeli,<br />
sabrZolo da sameurneo daniSnulebis<br />
SenobaTa naSTebi aRniSnul periods<br />
miekuTvneba. am droidanve iwyeba xar-<br />
WaSneli mRvdelmTavris xSiri moxsenieba.<br />
qveynis politikuri mdgomareobis<br />
miuxedavad, Tanamedrove TianeTisa da<br />
fSav-xevsureTis eparqiis iurisdiqcia-<br />
Si arsebuli teritoriebi mudam mcxe-<br />
Tis sakaTolikosos gamgeblobaSi iTvleboda.<br />
qveynis saerTo Znelbedobis<br />
gamo xalxmravlobiT gamorCeuli mTis<br />
kuTxeebi mosaxleobisgan icleboda.<br />
mTis ZirZveli kuTxeebis masobrivi dacarieleba<br />
mosaxleobisagan ruseTis<br />
mier saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da saukuneTa<br />
nacadi y<strong>of</strong>a-cxovrebis tradiciuli<br />
wesis moSlis Semdeg daiwyo.<br />
XIX s-is 80-ian wlebSi aqaur mkvidrTa<br />
sxva regionebSi gasaxleba gegmazomierad<br />
mimdinareobda. XX s-is 50-iani<br />
wlebidan am procesma iseTi masStaburi<br />
xasiaTi miiRo, rom mTlianad dacarielda<br />
kavkasions Sefenili fSavisa<br />
da xevsureTis mravali s<strong>of</strong>eli da<br />
Temi. isini nas<strong>of</strong>larebad gadaiqcnen.<br />
1811 w. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis<br />
Semdeg kaxeTisa da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />
mTiuleTis saeklesio cxovreba<br />
erT, kaxeT-alaverdis eparqias daeqvemdebara,<br />
mTlianad moiSala saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis eparqiaTa mmarTvelobiTadministraciuli<br />
formebi, rac qveynis<br />
TiToeuli kuTxis specifikas harmoniulad<br />
eTanadeboda. 1917 wlis seqtemberSi<br />
avtokefaliaaRdgenil saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis pirvel krebaze ganaxlda<br />
wilknis eparqiac, romelic<br />
aerTianebda aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />
`mTeulT~ _ mTianeTs, gudamayars, xevs,<br />
fSavs, xevsureTs, erwo-TianeTs da sxv.<br />
2003 wlis 18 agvistos urbnisis saka-<br />
Tedro taZarSi Catarebul saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis krebaze, wilknisa da alaverdis<br />
eparqiaTa teritoriebis xelaxali<br />
gadanawilebis safuZvelze, daarsda<br />
TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis eparqia.<br />
eparqiis amgvari saxelwodeba _ `TianeTisa<br />
da fSav-xevsureTisa~ _ ar gvxvdeba<br />
saqarTvelos saeklesio warsulidan,<br />
Tumca igi arsiT saukuneTa winaT<br />
gauqmebuli `JaleTis~, Semdeg ki<br />
TiTqmis orsaukunenaxevris win gauqmebuli<br />
Zveli `xarWaSnis~, imave `xarWa-<br />
Sos~ eparqiis ganaxlebas niSnavs.<br />
169
2005 wlidan eparqiis mRvdelmTavaria<br />
maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />
Tadeozi (ioramaSvili).<br />
13. margveTis da ubisis eparqia<br />
margveTisa da ubisis eparqia zemo<br />
imereTSi istoriuli argveTis saerisTavos<br />
did nawils moicavs. misi<br />
iurisdiqcia vrceldeba zestafonis<br />
da xaragaulis raionebze. margveTis<br />
eparqias aRmosavleTidan urbnis-ruisis,<br />
dasavleTidan _ vanisa da baRdaTis,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ WiaTura-saCxerisa<br />
da Terjola-tyibulis, samxreTidan _<br />
borjom-bakurianis da axalcixis, taoklarjeTisa<br />
da lazeTis eparqiebi<br />
esazRvreba.<br />
am mxareSi qristianuli cxovrebis<br />
dawyeba mociqulTa moRvaweobas ukav-<br />
Sirdeba da adridanve qristianobis<br />
mtkiced gavrcelebis mimaniSnebelia<br />
dRemde moRweuli uZvelesi qristianuli<br />
taZrebi: V_VI saukuneebis „kacxis<br />
svetis“ eklesia, uderZis wmida giorgis<br />
eklesia, VI_VII saukuneebis tabakinis<br />
wmida giorgis monasteri da sxv.<br />
saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebis droidan<br />
es mxare mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi my<strong>of</strong><br />
mZlavr qarTul saeklesio kerad iTvleboda.<br />
afxazeTis (dasavleTi saqarTvelo)<br />
sakaTolikosos Camoyalibebis<br />
Semdeg geografiuli mdebareobis gamo<br />
es kuTxec dasavleT saqarTvelos msxvili<br />
saeklesio centris _ afxazeTis sakaTolikosos<br />
iurisdiqciaSi aRmoCnda.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos<br />
Tormeti eparqiidan Seiqmna mxolod<br />
erTi _ imereTis eparqia.<br />
uZvelesi droidan qristianuli<br />
saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanes keraze<br />
_ zemo imereTis cnobil argveTis saerisTavoSi<br />
argveTis samRvdelmTavro<br />
kaTedris mRvdelmTavari _ margveli<br />
ar ixsenieboda. margveli mRvdelmTavris<br />
saeklesio wodeba 1917 wels<br />
170<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg damkvidrda.<br />
2002 wlis 17 oqtombers saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis ganCinebiT margveTis eparqias<br />
saxelwodeba Seecvala da mas margve-<br />
Tisa da ubisis eparqia ewoda.<br />
margveTisa da ubisis eparqiis mmarTveli<br />
mRvdelmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mTavarepiskoposi vaxtangi<br />
(axvlediani).<br />
14. wilknisa da duSeTis eparqia<br />
wilknisa da duSeTis eparqia mcxeTis<br />
sakaTolikoso taZris Crdiloe-<br />
TiT mdebareobs da moicavs mdinareebis<br />
_ aragvisa da qsnis auzebs da kavkasiis<br />
mTianeTs. mas aRmosavleTidan da<br />
Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis eparqia,<br />
Crdilo-dasavleTidan _ stefanwmindisa<br />
da xevis, dasavleTidan _ niqozisa<br />
da cxinvalis da samTavisisa da<br />
goris, samxreTidan _ mcxeTa-Tbilisis<br />
eparqiebi; samRvdelmTavro moicavs<br />
mdinareebis _ aragvis da qsnis auzebs<br />
da kavkasiis mTianeTs.<br />
eparqiis teritoriaze, qsnis xeoba-<br />
Si, ZalisSi, s<strong>of</strong>el wilkanTan axlos,<br />
nastakisis naqalaqarze aRmoaCines adreuli<br />
qristianuli xanis (II_III ss.)<br />
samlocvelo. es aRmoCena am kuTxeSi<br />
pirvelqristianuli Temis arsebobas<br />
mianiSnebs.<br />
wilknis eparqias odiTganve mniSvnelovani<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi misia hqonda<br />
dakisrebuli. misi meSveobiT xdeboda<br />
mTielTa gaqristianeba. VI s-is dasawyisSi,<br />
506 wels q. dvinSi Catarebuli<br />
saeklesio krebis damswre qarTvel<br />
mRvdelmTavarTagan wilkneli episkoposi<br />
enoqic ixsenieba. wilknis didi<br />
mniSvneloba kidev ufro metad gacxadda<br />
mas Semdeg, rodesac 13 asureli<br />
mamaTagan _ ise _ „episkoposad wilknisa“<br />
akurTxa kaTolikosma evlalos.<br />
wmida ise wilknelma madliani sityviT
„friadi urwmunoni moaqcivna“.<br />
VIII_IX ss-Si qarTlSi mefis xelisuflebis<br />
Sesustebis dros, wilknis<br />
eparqiis teritoriebs muxranis sanaxebTan<br />
erTad, qveynis gaerTianebis Semdeg<br />
kaxeTis mmarTvelni, kerZod, zedaznis<br />
cixis mepatrone Zaganis Zeni isakuTreben.<br />
wmida mefis _ daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />
dros mTeli es mxare qveynis saimedo<br />
dasayrdeni iyo. XII_XIII ss-Si, wmida<br />
mefe Tamaris dros wilknis saepiskoposos<br />
sazRvrebi kidev ufro gaizarda<br />
mTis xeobebSi qristianobis gavrcelebiTa<br />
da eklesiebis mSeneblobiT. XV<br />
s-is II naxevarSi, saqarTvelos samefoebad<br />
daSlis Semdeg, eparqiis teritoriam<br />
garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicada.<br />
wilknis samwysos didi nawili kaxeTis<br />
samRvdelmTavroebs, gansakuTrebiT<br />
alaverdis eparqias daeqvemdebara.<br />
saqarTveloSi ruseTis Semosvlis<br />
Semdeg tradiciuli qarTuli saeklesio<br />
struqturebi Zalze Seicvala<br />
da gamartivda. es, pirvel rigSi, saepiskoposoebis<br />
gauqmebiT gamoixata. 1803<br />
wels, wilknis mTavarepiskopos ioane<br />
qarumiZis gardacvalebis Semdeg samRvdelmTavro<br />
teritoria jer samTavisis,<br />
Semdeg niqozis eparqias miuerTes.<br />
wilknel-samTavnel-niqozeli qorepiskoposi<br />
gervasi maWavariani bolo mRvdelmTavari<br />
iyo, romelmac kavkasiis<br />
mosaxleobaSi didi religiur-misioneruli<br />
moRvaweobiT gaiTqva saxeli. igi<br />
1817 wels gardaicvala.<br />
1917 wels,saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg, ganaxlda<br />
wilknis eparqiac,magram misi kuTvnili<br />
teritoria droebiT SeierTa mcxeTis<br />
eparqiam da wilkneli episkoposebi<br />
mcxeTis sveticxovelSi asrulebdnen<br />
wirva-locvas. 1917 wels wilknel mRvdelmTavrad<br />
dadgenil iqna episkoposi<br />
giorgi aladaSvili (1917_20 ww.).<br />
1984 wlidan wilknis eparqias ganagebs<br />
maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />
zosime (SioSvili).<br />
171<br />
15. Semoqmedis eparqia<br />
Semoqmedis eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi,zRvispira provincia guriaSi<br />
mdebareobs. eparqia ozurgeTis,<br />
lanCxuTisa da Coxatauris raionebs<br />
moicavs. mas aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />
lazeTis, vanisa da baRdaTis eparqiebi,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ foTisa da xobis,<br />
senakisa da Cxorowyus,Wyondidis,xonisa<br />
da samtrediis, samxreTidan _ baTumisa<br />
da sxalTis eparqiebi, dasavleTis<br />
sazRvari Savi zRvis sanapiro zols<br />
mihyveba.<br />
qristianobis gavrceleba saqarTvelos<br />
zRvispira mxareSi da `fazisis<br />
iberebSi~ mociqulebis _ andria<br />
pirvelwodebulis, mataTasa da svimon<br />
kananelis moRvaweobas ukavSirdeba.<br />
IV s-Si, qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad<br />
gamocxadebis Semdeg, guriac<br />
gaqristianda.<br />
XV s-is SuaxanebisaTvis, qveynis<br />
politikuri mTlianobis daSlis paralelurad,<br />
imereTis samefos guriis<br />
samTavro gamoeyo,quTaisis ganvrcobil<br />
eparqias ki moerRva samxreTis mijnebi<br />
da erTimeoris miyolebiT warmoiSva<br />
guriis sami samRvdelmTavro kaTedra:<br />
Semoqmedis, jumaTisa da xinowmindis.<br />
Semoqmedeli mitropoliti (mTavarepiskoposi)<br />
guriis samTavroSi<br />
umaRlesi sasuliero xelisufali<br />
iyo. rigiTi episkoposisagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
mas SeeZlo moewvia saeklesio<br />
kreba, mis daqvemdebarebaSi my<strong>of</strong> episkoposTa<br />
TandaswrebiT ekurTxebina<br />
axali episkoposi. Semoqmedeli mTeli<br />
guriis saeklesio saqmeTa msajuladac<br />
iTvleboda. mitropolitis arCevaSi am<br />
mxaris yvela episkoposs unda mieRo<br />
monawileoba. misi kaTedra, „macxovris<br />
feriscvalebis eklesia didSeni... Semkuli<br />
yovelTa“, guriis samTavros<br />
„mTavari taxti da taZari“ iyo. saSemoqmedlo<br />
centraluri guriis did teritoriebs<br />
flobda _ mdinare sufsa-
sa da kintriSs Soris. zemo guriis<br />
saeklesio xelisufali _ jumaTeli,<br />
romlis sakaTedro eklesia iyo „mTis<br />
maRals Txemsa zeda jumaTs, didi, gunbaTiani,<br />
didSeni, mWvreti zRvisa da guria-odiSisa,“<br />
mwysida „sufsis mdinarisa<br />
da rions Soris adgilTa“. saxinowmindlod<br />
xinos xeoba iTvleboda. „ars<br />
eklesia gunbaTiani, keTil-didSeni,<br />
kargs adgils, zis episkopozi, mwyemsi<br />
xinos-wylis samxreTisa Woroxamde“.<br />
XIX saukunis dasawyisidan, saqarTveloSi<br />
ruseTis Semosvlisa, da 1814<br />
wels, imereTis sakaTolikosos gauqmebidan<br />
1827 wlamde guriis eklesiis<br />
saqmeebs damoukideblad ganagebda guriis<br />
erisTavTa saxlis wevri nikoloz<br />
jumaTeli.<br />
1844 wlis 1 aprils guriaSi dawesda<br />
samRvdelmTavro kaTedra, romelic<br />
1885 wels samegrelosTan gaerTianda<br />
da guria-samegrelos eparqia ewoda.<br />
1917 wels, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, pirvelive<br />
saeklesio krebaze aRdga eparqia,<br />
romlis mwyemsmTavars ewoda „baTomel-Semoqmedeli“,<br />
mogvianebiT _ „baTom-<br />
Semoqmedeli“,Semdeg ki _ „baTum-Semoqmedeli“.<br />
1995 wlis 5 aprils, saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />
gadawyvetilebiT baTum-Semoqmedis<br />
eparqiis teritoriis safuZvelze<br />
Camoyalibda baTumi-sxalTisa da Semoqmedis<br />
eparqiebi.<br />
axaldafuZnebuli Semoqmedis eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mTavarepiskoposi iosebi (kikvaZe).<br />
16. niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqia<br />
172<br />
niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqia Sida<br />
qarTlSi,mdinare liaxvis auzSi mdebareobs.<br />
igi moicavs qalaqebs cxinvals,<br />
axalgors,javas,znaurs da maT mimdebare<br />
teritorias. eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba wilknisa da duSeTis,<br />
stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiebi, dasavleTidan<br />
_ WiaTurisa da saCxeris,<br />
Crdilo-dasavleTidan _ nikorwmindis,<br />
samxreTidan _ urbnis-ruisisa da sam-<br />
Tavis-goris eparqiebi. CrdiloeT mxares<br />
igi kavkasionis centralur qeds<br />
ebjineba. Soreuli tradicia niqozis<br />
eparqiis daarsebas wmida mefe vaxtang<br />
gorgasals ukavSirebs.<br />
niqozeli mRvdelmTavris samwyso<br />
Zalze vrceli iyo. igi ara marto<br />
qarTlis, istoriuli Sida s<strong>of</strong>lis,<br />
teritoriis nawils moicavda, aramed<br />
garkveul dros „kavkasianTa, dualTa<br />
da aw oseTad wodebulisa“ sakmaod<br />
mozrdili mTis regionsac flobda.<br />
niqozel mRvdelmTavars qveynis winaSe<br />
udidesi misia hqonda dakisrebuli. is<br />
iyo ara marto maRali ierarqiis Rv-<br />
Tismsaxuri, aramed qveynis erTianobis<br />
saimedo damcvelic. garkveul period-<br />
Si igi lixTimereTis mTian kuTxeebsac<br />
(argveTis, raWis da svaneTis nawili)<br />
marTavda.<br />
niqozelis Zvel samwysoSi _ Crdilo<br />
kavkasiis teritoriaze _ dRemde<br />
arsebobs Zveli qarTuli qristianuli<br />
kerebis naSTi. niqozeli mRvdelmTavarni<br />
tradiciulad osebis qristianuli<br />
saqmeebis meTvalyureobis garda,<br />
„gamgeni iyvnen ovseTis saeklesio da<br />
saero saqmeebisa.“<br />
dReisaTvis ki sul sxva suraTia.<br />
mamulidan ayrili qarTveloba jer<br />
kidev qveynis sxvadasxva kuTxeSia gafantuli,<br />
uZveles qarTul salocavTa<br />
didi nawili dangreuli an mTlianad<br />
ganadgurebulia da Zvel saRvTismsaxuro<br />
kerebze wirva-locva aRar aResruleba.<br />
bolo dros, 1995 wlis 5 aprils,<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia<br />
II ZalisxmeviT da locva-kurTxeviT am<br />
mxareSi samRvdelmTavro kaTedris aRdgena<br />
umniSvnelovanesi movlena iyo<br />
am kuTxis mraval gansacdelgamovlili<br />
mosaxleobisaTvis, riTac Rrmadgaazrebul<br />
did erovnul saqmes Caeyara<br />
safuZveli.
ganaxlebuli eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />
maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti isaia (Wanturia).<br />
17. borjomisa da bakurianis eparqia<br />
borjomisa da bakurianis eparqia<br />
Sida qarTlis samxreTiT, istoriuli<br />
provinciis Toris teritoriaze mdebareobs.<br />
igi moicavs borjomis raions<br />
da mis mimdebare borjomis, imave Zv.<br />
sadgeris, xeobas. eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba manglisisa da walkis,<br />
Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _ gori-sam-<br />
Tavisisa da urbnis-ruisis, CrdilodasavleTidan<br />
_ margveTisa da ubisis,<br />
agreTve vanisa da baRdaTis, dasavleTidan<br />
da samxreT-dasavleTidan _ axalcixis,<br />
tao-klarjeTisa da lazeTis,<br />
samxreTidan _ axalqalaqisa da kumurdos<br />
eparqiebi.<br />
saqarTveloSi mociqulTagan dafuZnebuli<br />
pirveli samRvdelmTavro<br />
samwyso _ awyuris eparqia istoriuli<br />
Toris teritoriaze mdebareobda.<br />
IV s-Si, saqarTveloSi qristianobis<br />
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis<br />
Semdeg, sadgeris xeobis mosaxleobac<br />
gaqristianebula da am kuTxeSi eklesia-monastrebis<br />
intensiuri aRmSeneblobac<br />
daiwyo. Tumca imdroindeli<br />
saRvTismsaxuro mravali Senoba-nageboba<br />
drois msvlelobisa da mterTa<br />
auracxeli Semosevebis gamo ganadgurebula.<br />
am mxaris uZveles taZarTagan<br />
aRsaniSnavia neZvis sameklesiiani bazilika,<br />
timoTesubnis samonastro kompleqsi,<br />
likanis, CiTaxevis, foToleTis,<br />
dabis eklesiebi da sxv.<br />
es kuTxe adridanve mawyvereli<br />
mRvdelmTavris samwysod iTvleboda.<br />
sparselebis, arabebis, Turq-selCukTa<br />
da TaTar-monRolTa Semdeg, XV s-idan<br />
es mxare gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT<br />
gaaCanages Turq-osmalebma.<br />
saukuneTa manZilze gaukacrielebuli<br />
uZvelesi kuTxis aRdgena XIX s-<br />
is pirveli naxevridan daiwyo.<br />
173<br />
1917 w. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />
miuxedavad, 20-ian wlebSi eklesiis winaaRmdeg<br />
dawyebuli represiebis gamo,<br />
uZveles qristianul keraze _ TorSi<br />
tradiciuli eklesiuri cxovrebis ganaxleba<br />
TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo. mxolod<br />
1978 wels, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />
unetaresis ilia II ZalisxmeviT gaxda<br />
SesaZlebeli am mxareSi eparqiis daarseba.<br />
1978 w. aRdgenili samcxe-javaxe-<br />
Tis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda<br />
borjomis xeobac. 1995 wlis 5 aprils,<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
wmida sinodis krebis ganCinebiT,<br />
samcxe-javaxeTis teritoriulad metad<br />
ganvrcobili eparqiis safuZvelze Camoyalibda<br />
borjomisa da axalqalaqis<br />
eparqia. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers ki borjomisa<br />
da axalqalaqis eparqiis safuZvelze<br />
daarsda ori eparqia: a) axalqalaqisa<br />
da kumurdos da b) borjomisa<br />
da bakurianisa. borjomisa da bakurianis<br />
eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad<br />
wmida sinodma manamde borjomisa da<br />
axalaqalaqis eparqiis mwyemsmTavari,<br />
maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />
serafime (jojua) daadgina.<br />
18. nikorwmindis eparqia<br />
nikorwmindis eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos mTianeTSi _ raWaSi mdebareobs.<br />
eparqiisa da istoriuli ku-<br />
Txis sazRvrebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.<br />
samRvdelmTavro teritoriaze ori qalaqia<br />
_ oni da ambrolauri. eparqias<br />
aRmosavleTidan _ niqozisa da cxinvalis,<br />
dasavleTidan _ cagerisa da lentexis,<br />
samxreTidan _ quTais-gaenaTis,<br />
tyibul-Terjolisa da saCxere-WiaTuris<br />
eparqiebi esazRvreba, CrdiloeTi<br />
sazRvari kavkasionis centralur qeds<br />
emTxveva.<br />
raWis saerisTavo tradiciulad<br />
saqarTvelos Crdilo karibWis saimedo<br />
damcvelad da mefis erTgul mxardam-
Werad miiCneoda. raWvelTa saimedoobaze<br />
metyvelebs wmida mefe Tamaris<br />
raWaSi gaZiZaveba da mefed kurTxevisas<br />
misTvis raWis erisTavisagan samefo<br />
regaliebis gadacema.<br />
nikorwmindis eparqia imereTis reformatori<br />
mefis, bagrat III (1510_1565<br />
ww.) meoxebiT Camoyalibda. bagrati<br />
samefos gaerTianebisaTvis Tavgasul<br />
mTavrebTan brZolaSi mokavSired eklesias<br />
miiCnevda da mudam mis moralurmaterialur<br />
aRorZinebas cdilobda.<br />
man sakuTriv imereTis teritoriaze<br />
Seqmna da aRadgina ramdenime saepiskoposo.<br />
amisaTvis mefem Zveli quTaisis<br />
saepiskoposo ramdenime samwysod dayo<br />
da mis bazaze daaarsa xonis, nikorwmindis,<br />
gelaTis saepiskoposoebi.<br />
nikorwmindis eparqia mefe bagratma<br />
imJamad ukve dakninebuli nikorwmindis<br />
cnobili monastris bazaze daafuZna,<br />
xolo Tavad nikorwminda axlad daarsebuli<br />
eparqiis sakaTedro taZrad<br />
iqca. marTalia, bagrat III XVI s-is<br />
30-ian wlebSi daafuZna nikorwmindis<br />
eparqia, magram RvTis sityva raWaSi<br />
iqadages wmida mociqulebma _ andria<br />
pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma da<br />
mataTam mdinare fazisis xeobis piraRma<br />
ayolebiT, susaniamde, maT Soris<br />
raWaSic, mimosvlisas, xolo am mxareSi<br />
qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad<br />
damkvidreba wmida mefe mirianis religiur<br />
reformas ukavSirdeba.<br />
nikorwmindis eparqiis daarsebamde<br />
raWa eklesiurad aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />
eklesias _ mcxeTis saydars eqvemdebareboda.<br />
sxvadasxva dros raWis<br />
teritoriis garkveuli nawili ekuTvnoda<br />
niqozis, quTaisis eparqiebs. nikorwmindis<br />
samRvdelmTavros Camoyalibebis<br />
Semdeg, XVI s-is 30-iani wlebidan,<br />
igi imereTis sakaTolikosos SemadgenlobaSia.<br />
nikorwmindis eparqia saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebamde, dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi 1821 wlamde arsebobda.<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi Seqmnili<br />
erTi _ imereTis eparqiis mmarTveloba<br />
imJamad nikorwmindel episkopos s<strong>of</strong>rom<br />
wulukiZes miandes (1821_1845 ww.).<br />
s<strong>of</strong>roniosi nikorwmindel arqiepiskoposad<br />
XVIII s-is bolo meoTxedSi,<br />
1775 wlidan ixsenieba.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,<br />
1917 wels, ganaxlda nikorwmindis<br />
eparqiac. saeklesio cxovrebis aRorZinebis<br />
nacvlad,20-ian wlebSi dawyebuli<br />
represiebis dros, nikorwmindis eparqiis<br />
asobiT eklesia daarbies, daangries,<br />
daketes an y<strong>of</strong>iTi daniSnulebis Senoba-nagebobebad<br />
gadaakeTes. 1937 wlamde<br />
raWis 80-mde sasuliero piri iZulebiT<br />
ganmoses, gaasaxles an daxvrites.<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenis miuxedavad,<br />
nikorwmindelis kaTedra Tavisufali<br />
iyo. 50-ian wlebSi igi SeTavsebuli<br />
hqonda quTaTel-gaenaTel episkoposs<br />
daviT CaCaniZes, samociani wlebis bolos<br />
ki quTaTel-gaenaTel mitropolit<br />
naomi SavianiZes. 80-iani wlebidan, sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II<br />
kurTxeviTa da ZalisxmeviT realurad<br />
amoqmedda nikorwmindis eparqiac, sadac<br />
sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobdnen episkoposebi:<br />
Sio avaliSvili,anania jafariZe,<br />
qristefore wamalaiZe, ambrosi qaTamaZe,<br />
daviT maxaraZe, abraam garmelia.<br />
1996 wlidan nikorwmindis eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mTavarepiskoposi elise (joxa-<br />
Ze).<br />
174<br />
19. foTisa da xobis eparqia<br />
foTisa da xobis eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi Savi zRvis sanapiroze,<br />
istoriuli kolxeTis samefos teritoriaze<br />
mdebareobs. igi moicavs qalaqebs<br />
_ foTs, xobs da maT mimdebare<br />
teritorias. samRvdelmTavro teritoria<br />
ganvrcobilia md. rionisa da<br />
xobiswylis qvemo dinebis auzebze, rac<br />
Zveli qarTuli samefos, egrisis, imave
lazikis dasavleT nawils warmoadgens.<br />
foTisa da xobis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba senakisa da<br />
Cxorowyus, CrdiloeTidan _ zugdidisa<br />
da caiSis, samxreTidan _ Semoqmedis<br />
eparqiebi, dasavleTis mxridan ki igi<br />
Sav zRvas emijneba.<br />
qarTul da ucxour werilobiT<br />
wyaroebSi es mxare ZiriTadad cnobilia<br />
mdinare fasisis, imave rionis, Sav<br />
zRvasTan gaSenebuli misi mosaxele qalaq<br />
fasisis (foTis), cixe-gojis _ akropolisisa<br />
da maT garSemo arsebuli<br />
eTnikuri niSniT gaerTianebul qveynad.<br />
qristeSobamde VII_VI saukuneebs<br />
miewereba qalaquri tipis dasaxlebis<br />
_ fasisis (foTi) dafuZneba.<br />
dasavleT iberiis sazRvao qalaq<br />
foTsa da mis mimdebare teritorias<br />
tradicia mociqulTa moRvaweobis arealad<br />
miiCnevs.<br />
1917 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />
Semdeg samegrelos regionSi ganaxlda<br />
Wyondidis eparqia. 1995 wels,<br />
saqarTvelos wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,Wyondidis<br />
eparqiis safuZvelze<br />
sami samRvdelmTavro kaTedra Camoyalibda:<br />
sakuTriv Wyondidis,zugdidisa<br />
da caiSis da foTis eparqiebi.<br />
2002 wlis 17 oqtombers, saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis gadawyvetilebiT, foTis<br />
eparqias Seecvala saxelwodeba da<br />
ewoda foTisa da xobis eparqia.<br />
foTis eparqias dafuZnebis droidan<br />
marTavs maRalyovladusamRvdeloesmitropolitgrigoli<br />
(berbiWa-<br />
Svili).<br />
20. axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqia<br />
175<br />
axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqia<br />
samxreT saqarTveloSi, zemo qarTlis<br />
teritoriaze mdebareobs. igi moicavs<br />
samcxisa da zemo javaxeTis sanaxebs.<br />
eparqias aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
dmanisis, manglisisa da walkis, dasavleTidan<br />
_ axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa<br />
da lazeTis,CrdiloeTidan – borjomisa<br />
da bakurianis eparqiebi. samxreTis<br />
mxridan eparqias sazRvari aqvs Turqe-<br />
Tisa da somxeTis respublikebTan.<br />
javaxeTi, rogorc saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
niSnis mqone qveyana, jer kidev qristes<br />
Sobamde, VIII s-is solisebr werilobiT<br />
ZeglebSi ixsenieba.<br />
es kuTxe Tavidanve im gzagasayarze<br />
aRmoCnda, saidanac qristianoba Semovida<br />
saqarTveloSi. wmida mociqulTa qadagebis<br />
Semdeg am mxareSi pirvelqristianTa<br />
Temebi aRmocenda. mogvianebiT,<br />
IV s-is dasawyisSi, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelma<br />
wmida ninom saqarTveloSi Semosvlisas<br />
gzad aq gamoiara. qarTlis<br />
pirveli episkoposis ioanes xelmZRvanelobiT<br />
konstantine imperatorTan mimavalma<br />
mefe mirianis elCobam gzad aq<br />
gaiara da ukan dabrunebulma saberZneTidan<br />
wamoRebuli didi siwmide _ macxovris<br />
samsWvali _ javaxeTSi, kerZod<br />
zemo javaxeTis imJamindel administraciul<br />
centrSi _ wundaSi mSenebare eklesiaSi<br />
datova. wunda zemo javaxeTis<br />
saeklesio centric gaxda. saerisTavoSi,<br />
vaxtang gorgaslis saeklesio reformis<br />
periodSi, ramdenime samRvdelmTavro<br />
kaTedra Camoyalibda, romelTagan<br />
upiratesoba kumurdos saepiskoposos<br />
hqonda. istoriulad, zemo javaxeTi<br />
swored kumurdos saepiskoposos saxeliTaa<br />
cnobili.<br />
1917 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />
miuxedavad, qarTvelTagan da<br />
marTlmadidebelTagan daclil zemo<br />
javaxeTSi tradiciuli eklesiuri<br />
cxovrebis ganaxleba TiTqmis SeuZlebeli<br />
iyo. mxolod 1978 wels sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />
II ZalisxmeviT gaxda SesaZlebeli<br />
saqarTvelos uZveles teritoriaze<br />
marTlmadidebeli eparqiis daarseba.<br />
1978 wels aRdgenil samcxe-javaxeTis<br />
eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda is-
toriuli zemo javaxeTi _ Zveli kumurdos<br />
eparqia.<br />
90-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
eparqiaTa aRdgenisa da ganaxlebis<br />
Sesabamisad, 1995 wels aRdga istoriuli<br />
kumurdos eparqiis uSualo memkvidre<br />
borjom-axalqalaqis eparqiis<br />
saxelwodebiT. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers,<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />
borjomisa da axalqalaqis eparqiis<br />
ganvrcobili teritoriis safuZvelze<br />
Camoyalibda ori samRvdelmTavro<br />
samwyso _ borjom-bakurianis da<br />
axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqiebi.<br />
axalqalaqisa da kumurdos eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti nikolozi (fa-<br />
CuaSvili)<br />
21. axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />
lazeTis eparqia<br />
axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da lazeTis<br />
eparqia samxreT saqarTveloSi,<br />
istoriuli samcxe-saaTabagos teritoriaze<br />
mdebareobs. igi moicavs qalaqebs:<br />
axalcixes, adigens, aspinZas,<br />
awyursa da maT mimdebare sanaxebs.<br />
2002 wlis 17 oqtombridan wmida sinodis<br />
gadawyvetilebiT eparqia nominalurad<br />
aerTianebs uZveles qarTul<br />
provinciebs _ tao-klarjeTsa da lazeTs,<br />
romlebic amJamad saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifo sazRvrebs miRmaa moqceuli.<br />
saqarTvelos saeparqio danawilebis<br />
safuZvelze, axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa<br />
da lazeTis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba borjomisa da<br />
bakurianis, axalqalaqisa da kumurdos,<br />
dasavleTidan _ baTumisa da sxalTis,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ vanisa da baRdaTis,<br />
Crdilo-dasavleTidan _ Semoqmedis,<br />
Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _ margveTisa<br />
da ubisis eparqiebi, xolo samxreTis<br />
mxridan saxelmwifo sazRvari gadis<br />
TurqeTTan.<br />
saistorio tradiciis Tanaxmad,<br />
176<br />
saqarTvelos teritoriaze pirveli<br />
saepiskoposo kaTedra swored am<br />
regionSi dauarsebia wmida mociqul<br />
andria pirvelwodebuls. mociqulma<br />
yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli<br />
xatis saswauliT qristianobaze<br />
moqceul awyuris mkvidrT pirveli<br />
mawyvereli episkoposic daudgina.<br />
awyurSi dabrZanebul wmida xats qarTvelma<br />
erma siyvaruliT awyuris RvTismSobeli<br />
uwoda.<br />
samcxe (mogvianebiT, XIV_XVII ssis<br />
20-ian wlebamde _ samcxe-saaTabago),<br />
tao-klarjeTi da lazeTi odiTganve<br />
saqarTvelos mTlianobisa da saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
mtkice dasayrdens warmoadgenda.<br />
qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg es ku-<br />
Txe saqarTvelos mZlavr saqristianokulturul<br />
kerad Camoyalibda. saeklesio<br />
tradiciis Tanaxmad, am mxareSi<br />
samjer Semovidnen mociqulebi. IV saukunis<br />
dasawyisSi javaxeTSi, faravnis<br />
tbis midamoebSi Semosulma wmida ninom<br />
qadagebiT Camoiara javaxeTi, samcxe da<br />
amis Semdeg Semovida Sida qarTlsa da<br />
mcxeTaSi.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis administraciuli<br />
organizaciis Semdeg samcxe<br />
Tavidanve mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposis<br />
iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda.<br />
XVI saukunis bolos, 1578 wels, samcxe<br />
osmalTa xelSi gadavida, xolo<br />
saeklesio centri q. awyuri axalcixis<br />
safaSos sanjayis centri gaxda. aqedan<br />
mokidebuli, awyuris cixe, romelic osmalebma<br />
damatebiT gaamagres, mZlavr<br />
citadelad iqca, xolo kaTedrali dauZlurda<br />
da misi mRvdelmTavari xon-<br />
Tqarze damokidebuli Seiqna.<br />
mahmadianuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebis<br />
miuxedavad, mTel mesxeTSi qar-<br />
Tuli ena mosaxleobis urTierTobis<br />
ZiriTad enad iTvleboda, Tumca metyvelebaSi<br />
TandaTan Turqulic iWreboda.<br />
Turquli enis masobrivi gavrcelebisaTvis<br />
XVIII s-is meore naxevarSi da<br />
XIX s-is dasawyisSi mTeli rigi Ro-
nisZiebebi ganxorcielda. qarTvelebis<br />
saboloo ganadgurebisaTvis samcxejavaxeTSi<br />
masobrivad Caasaxles mejoge-momTabare<br />
qurTTa da yazax-borCalodan<br />
gadasuli momTabare yarafafaxelTa<br />
(Taraqama) tomebi da sxvebi.<br />
samcxe-javaxeTidan SemorCenili<br />
qarTvelebis gasaxleba gansakuTrebiT<br />
XIX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan _ adrianopolis<br />
zavis Semdeg gaZlierda.<br />
osmalebi ruseTTan mosalodneli kav-<br />
Siris SiSiT aiZulebdnen marTlmadidebel<br />
qarTvelebs, SeecvalaT sarwmunoeba<br />
da gamahmadianebuliyvnen, rusebi<br />
ki mamapapuri adgilebidan mierekebodnen<br />
eTnikur qarTvelebs mahmadianobis<br />
gamo, osmaleTTan mosalodneli kavSiris<br />
aRdgenis SiSiT. XIX s-is 30_40-ian<br />
wlebSi samcxe-javaxeTidan qarTvel<br />
mahmadianTa gasaxleba da maT magier<br />
berZnebis, somxebisa da rus seqtantTa<br />
Casaxleba carizmis koloniuri politikis<br />
gamovlineba iyo, rac xalxebis<br />
aRrevas, erovnuli TviTSegnebis Cakvlas,saxazino<br />
miwebis fondis gazrdasa<br />
da Cveni qveynisaTvis sxva arasasurvel<br />
miznebs isaxavda. mesxeTis qarTul mosaxleobas<br />
1828 wels ruseTTan SeerTebam<br />
ar moutana mosalodneli Tavisufleba.<br />
imJamindeli mesxeTis mosaxleobis<br />
didi nawili Segnebulad ambobda<br />
uars mahmadianobaze da dedaeklesiis<br />
wiaRSi iTxovda dabrunebas. ruseTi ki<br />
maT aiZulebda osmaleTSi gadaxvewas,<br />
sanacvlod didi raodenobiT Camohyavda<br />
yarsidan da arzrumidan mon<strong>of</strong>iziti<br />
somxebi, aseve rusi da ukraineli<br />
seqtantebi _ duxoborebi, malaknebi,<br />
raskolnikebi da sxv. am droisaTvis<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia<br />
gauqmebuli iyo.<br />
1917 wels, saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg, ganaxlebuli<br />
baTum-Semoqmedis eparqiis<br />
iurisdiqcia mTel samxreT-dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos teritorias moicavda,<br />
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Semavalsa<br />
(guria,aWara) da istoriulsac (SavSeTi,<br />
177<br />
klarjeTi, tao, WaneTi...). amgvari mdgomareoba<br />
1953 wlis ivlisamde gagrZelda,<br />
sanam ssrk-is imJamindeli xelisufleba<br />
TurqeTis saxelmwifos pretenziebs<br />
ar daakmay<strong>of</strong>ilebda da baTum-Semoqmedis<br />
eparqias samxreT-dasavleT nawils<br />
moakvecda. amis Semdeg ZirZveli qarTuli<br />
provinciebi nominaluradac ki ganaSores<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis erTian<br />
organizms. 20-iani wlebidan, gasageb<br />
mizezTa gamo, mTeli 70 wlis manZilze<br />
qristianuli saeklesio cxovreba<br />
metad mZime wnexis qveS iyo moqceuli.<br />
mxolod 70-iani wlebis bolos, sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II ZalisxmeviT<br />
gaizarda mRvdelmTavarTa<br />
ricxvi. am periods ukavSirdeba samcxe-javaxeTis<br />
eparqiis aRdgena, romelic<br />
imJamad qveynis saxelmwifo sazRvrebSi<br />
moqceul TiTqmis mTel samxreT saqarTvelos<br />
moicavda.<br />
1978 wels, axlad aRdgenili samcxe-javaxeTis<br />
eparqiis mRvdelmTavrad<br />
episkoposi ambrosi qaTamaZe dainiSna,<br />
Semdeg eparqias mwysida episkoposi anania<br />
jafariZe. aRniSnuli saxelwodeba<br />
eparqiam 1995 wlis aprilamde Seinar-<br />
Cuna, Semdeg samcxe-javaxeTis saeparqios<br />
sakmaod vrceli teritoria gaiyo<br />
da misgan Camoyalibda axalcixisa da<br />
borjom-axalqalaqis ori eparqia.<br />
1999 wlidan eparqiis mmarTveli<br />
mRvdelmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti Teodore (WuaZe).<br />
2002 wlis 17 oqtombers saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis ganCinebiT axalcixis eparqias<br />
nominalurad dauqvemdebares uZvelesi<br />
qarTuli mxareebi: tao, klarjeTi, lazeTi.<br />
eparqiasac Sesabamisad axalcixis,<br />
tao-klarjeTisa da lazeTis sam-<br />
RvdelmTavro ewoda.
22. xonisa da samtrediis eparqia<br />
xonisa da samtrediis eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi, istoriuli<br />
imereTis samefos centralur nawil-<br />
Si, vake imereTSi mdebareobs. igi xons,<br />
samtrediasa da maT mimdebare teritoriebs<br />
aerTianebs. eparqia rionsa da<br />
cxeniswyals Soris mdebare sivrces<br />
moicavs. aRmosavleTidan mas esazRvreba<br />
quTais-gaenaTisa da vani-baRdaTis<br />
eparqiebi, dasavleTidan _ Wyondidis,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ cagerisa da lentexis,<br />
samxreTidan _ Semoqmedis eparqiebi.<br />
tradiciulad kolxeTis centraluri<br />
nawili, istoriuli vake imereTi,<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi qveynis siZlierisa<br />
da saxelmwifoebriobis mtkice<br />
dasayrdeni iyo. yvela, met-naklebad<br />
mniSvnelovani movlena, rac dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi aRsrulebula,am kuTxis<br />
istoriasac ukavSirdeba. calke samefod<br />
gamoy<strong>of</strong>il imereTSi vake mZlavr<br />
sadroSod iTvleboda.<br />
imereTis centralur saerisTavosa<br />
da samefos erT-erTi sadroSos Sesaferisi<br />
saeklesio aRiarebac sWirdeboda.<br />
xonis eparqiis Camoyalibeba XVI saukuneSi<br />
imereTis reformator mefe bagrat<br />
III (1510_1565 ww.) ukavSirdeba.<br />
samefo domenSi Semavali xonis<br />
eparqia Tavidanve samefo ojaxis gansakuTrebuli<br />
mzrunvelobis qveS iyo. amitom<br />
samRvdelmTavro teritoria daarsebidanve<br />
imereTis samefos sakmaod vrcel<br />
sanaxebs moicavda. mas 70-mde didi<br />
s<strong>of</strong>eli ekuTvnoda, TiToeul s<strong>of</strong>elSi<br />
ori,sami da meti eklesia iyo. eparqiaSi<br />
Sedioda agreTve vanis, xonis qvayudisa<br />
da maTxojis didi monastrebic.<br />
XVIII_XIX saukuneTa mijnaze, Ti-<br />
Tqmis naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi,<br />
1771_1820 wlebSi xonis eparqias ganagebda<br />
didi moRvawe, mTavarepiskoposi<br />
anton CijavaZe. man axalgazrdobaSi<br />
safuZvliani sasuliero da filos<strong>of</strong>iuri<br />
ganaTleba miiRo. mRvdelmTavrobisas<br />
gaaZliera eparqia, ganamtkica<br />
178<br />
misi meurneoba, sabolood moawesriga<br />
sagadasaxado nusxebi. eklesias daubruna<br />
Tavadaznaurobisagan mitacebuli<br />
saeklesio miwebi, alagma Tavgasuli<br />
eriskacebi da sxv.<br />
mis moRvaweobaSi qvelmoqmedebas<br />
gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs. man<br />
xonis monasterTan aamoqmeda sakmaod<br />
didi samrevlo skola,aago asadgiliani<br />
saavadmy<strong>of</strong>o (sasapyre), sadac eparqiis<br />
xarjze fizikuri naklis mqone bavSvebi<br />
izrdebodnen. mTavarepiskopos antonis<br />
saxsrebiT XII_XIV saukuneebis mravali<br />
wigni gadaiwera, Tbilisis sionisa da<br />
safaris wmida sabas lavris ikonomdiakvnebi<br />
didxans iyvnen xonSi, raTa<br />
ganeaxlebinaT asobiT sigeli, wyalobisa<br />
da Sewirulobis wignebi...<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebisa da 1819_1820 ww-is<br />
imereTis cnobili ajanyebis CaxSobis<br />
Semdeg, 1821 wlis noemberSi, imereTi<br />
erT eparqiad gaerTianda. xonis mTavarepiskoposi<br />
antoni gauqmebuli xonis<br />
eparqiidan gaaZeves, ris Semdegac<br />
igi Zalian male, 1822 wels, Tavis sagvareulo<br />
mamulSi, saCinoSi gardaicvala.<br />
xonis eparqiis vrceli samwyso da<br />
saeklesio glexebi saxazino uwyebaSi<br />
gadairicxnen.<br />
mravali winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad,<br />
didi tradiciebis mqone eparqia sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II ZalisxmeviT,TiTqmis<br />
ori saukunis Semdeg,<br />
1995 wlis 5 aprils kvlav aRdga.<br />
1996 wlis noembridan xonis samRvdelmTavro<br />
kaTedris mwyemsmTavaria<br />
maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />
saba (gigiberia).<br />
23. baTumisa da qobuleTis eparqia<br />
baTumisa da qobuleTis eparqia<br />
saqarTvelos ukidures samxreT-dasavleTiT,<br />
Savi zRvis sanapiroze, aWaris<br />
avtonomiur respublikaSi, istoriuli<br />
aWaris teritoriaze mdebareobs. epar-
179<br />
qiis sazRvari samxreTis mxridan emTxveva<br />
saqarTvelo-TurqeTis saxelmwifo<br />
sazRvars, romelic gasdevs WaneTisa<br />
da SavSeTis qedebs: aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba sxalTis, CrdiloeTidan ki<br />
_ Semoqmedis eparqiebi,istoriuli mesxe-<br />
Tis qedi, mdinareebis _ natanebisa da<br />
kintriSis wyalgamy<strong>of</strong>ebi, dasavleTidan<br />
eparqias akravs Savi zRvis sanapiro.<br />
aWara istoriulad saqarTvelos<br />
erT-erTi uZvelesi provinciaa, romelic<br />
geografiulad zemo qarTlis,<br />
kerZod, mesxeTis nawils Seadgenda.<br />
werilobiT wyaroebSi aWara moxseniebulia<br />
sxvadasxva saxeliT: `aWaris<br />
qveyana~, `aWaris xevi~ an `aWaris xeoba~<br />
da sxv. es kuTxe moicavda aWariswylis<br />
xeobas Worox-aWariswylis SesarTavamde.<br />
saeklesio istoria saqarTveloSi<br />
qristianobis Semosvlasa da gavrcelebas<br />
aWaris mxridan, didaWaridan<br />
miiCnevs. wmida mociqulebma samxreTdasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi yovladwmida<br />
RvTismSoblis saxelobis mravali ta-<br />
Zari aages. mdinare sufsis qvemo welze,<br />
srialeTad saxeldebul adgilze,<br />
aqaurma mkvidrma mosaxleobam am kuTxis<br />
ganmanaTleblis, wmida andria mociqulis<br />
saxelobis eklesia aago, romelmac<br />
bolo dromde moaRwia.<br />
saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg<br />
sxalTis midamoebi da mTlianad aWara<br />
IV saukuneSi mefe mirdat III Seqmnil<br />
Tuxarelis samwysoSi erTiandeboda.<br />
eparqia V saukunis 60-ian wlebamde<br />
arsebobda, Semdeg wmida mefe vaxtang<br />
gorgaslis mier klarjeTis qveyanaSi<br />
daarsebuli da momZlavrebuli axizis<br />
eparqiis gavlenis qveS moeqca. qarTlis<br />
samefos uZvelesi provincia sxvadasxva<br />
epoqaSi momxdurTa mZlavrobisagan<br />
xSirad dampyrobTa gavlenis qveS<br />
eqceoda. VI saukunidan, qveynis saerTo<br />
daZabunebis dros, aWara qajeTis cixe-<br />
Si (berZnuli wyaroebiT _ petra) arsebuli<br />
eklesiis irgvliv Seqmnil eparqias<br />
ekuTvnoda. X saukuneSi,kerZod,941<br />
wlidan, aWaris nawili, qvemo aWara `afxazTa<br />
samefoSi~ Sevida. pirvelad igi<br />
tbeTis eparqiaSi, XI s-is dasawyisidan<br />
ki quTaisis eparqiaSi moeqca, zemo aWara<br />
ki X saukunidan anCelis iurisdiqciaSi<br />
moixseneba.<br />
XI saukunis II naxevridan aWara<br />
saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos<br />
SemadgenlobaSia da misi zemo mxare<br />
klarjeTTan erTad abuserisZeTa saerisTavoSi<br />
iTvleba. `didi Turqobis~<br />
dros,XI s-is 80-ian wlebSi,aWara samxre-<br />
Tidan SemoWrilma selCukebma aaoxres,<br />
xolo XIII s-is Sua wlebidan gaZlierebuli<br />
samcxe-saaTabagos samTavros<br />
erT-erT saerisTavos warmoadgenda.<br />
XVI s-is 50-ian wlebSi osmalebma<br />
miitaces klarjeTi. dawyebuli Sida<br />
feodaluri dapirispirebiT isargebla<br />
osmaleTma da aWaris teritoriis<br />
etapobriv dapyrobas Seudga. XVI s-is<br />
70-iani wlebisTvis mTeli aWara osmalebma<br />
daipyres da iq zemo da qvemo<br />
aWaris sanjayebi daaarses. sanjayebad<br />
(raioni) day<strong>of</strong>ili aWara Cildiris<br />
(axalcixe) vilaieTs miuerTes.<br />
amis Semdeg aWaris mosaxleobas mamapapeul<br />
miwa-wyalze darCenis saSualeba<br />
qristianobis uary<strong>of</strong>iTa da mahmadis<br />
aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi eZleoda. amgvari<br />
mdgomareoba grZeldeboda XIX saukuneSic.<br />
mxolod 1877_78 wlebSi, ruseT-osmaleTis<br />
omis Semdeg, 1878 wlis<br />
berlinis kongresis gadawyvetilebiT,<br />
samxreT saqarTvelos ZirZveli miwa<br />
kvlav samSoblos daubrunda. am mxareSi<br />
adre arsebobda anCis, tbeTisa<br />
da xinowmindis eparqiebi. imJamindeli<br />
saqarTvelos saeklesio marTva-gamgeoba<br />
rusul yaidaze iyo gardaqmnili.<br />
Zveli qarTuli eparqiebis momcveli<br />
mxare guriis saepiskoposos iurisdiqciaSi<br />
Sevida. 1882 wels guriis eparqiis<br />
saWeTmpyroblad dadgenil iqna<br />
wmida mRvdelmTavari aleqsandre oqropiriZe.<br />
1885 wels guriisa da odi-<br />
Sis samwysoebi erT eparqiad gaerTia-
nda. guria-samegrelos gaerTianebuli<br />
eparqia samxreT saqarTvelos uZveles<br />
kuTxeebsac (aWara, SavSeTi, klarje-<br />
Ti, tao, WaneTi) moicavda. am regionSi<br />
wmida mRvdelmTavar aleqsandre oqropiriZis<br />
moRvaweobisas daiwyo miviwyebuli<br />
qristianuli cxovrebis wesis<br />
nel-nela gamococxleba, baTumSi, qobuleTsa<br />
da xuloSi Zveli salocavebis<br />
ganaxleba da axlis mSenebloba...<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg, 1917 wlis<br />
seqtemberSi mowveuli saqarTvelos<br />
saeklesio krebis gadawyvetilebiT<br />
aRdga baTumis eparqiac, romelsac ba-<br />
Tom-Semoqmedis, mogvianebiT ki, baTum-<br />
Semoqmedis saepiskoposo ewoda. baTum-<br />
Semoqmedis eparqia 1995 wlis aprilamde<br />
arsebobda.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis gadawyvetilebiT,1995<br />
wlis 5 aprils baTum-Semoqmedis<br />
erTi eparqiidan Camoyalibda ori _ Semoqmedisa<br />
da baTum-sxalTis eparqiebi.<br />
2006 wlis 21 dekembers, saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT, ba-<br />
Tumisa da sxalTis eparqiis teritoriuli<br />
gadanawilebis Semdeg Seiqmna<br />
baTum-qobuleTisa da sxalTis eparqiebi.<br />
baTum-qobuleTis samRvdelmTavros<br />
mwyemsmTavrad manamde baTumisa da<br />
sxalTis maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti dimitri (SiolaSvili)<br />
iqna dadgenili.<br />
24. vanisa da baRdaTis eparqia<br />
180<br />
vanisa da baRdaTis eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi, imereTis dablobze,mdinareebis<br />
_ sulorisa da xaniswylis<br />
auzebSi mdebareobs. igi qalaqebs<br />
_ vans, baRdaTsa da maT mimdebare teritorias<br />
moicavs. vanisa da baRdaTis<br />
eparqia 1995 wlis aprilSi Camoyalibdaeparqias<br />
aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
margveTisa da ubisis, agreTve borjomisa<br />
da bakurianis, dasavleTidan _<br />
Semoqmedis, CrdiloeTidan _ quTaisgaenaTisa<br />
da xoni-samtrediis,samxreTidan<br />
_ axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da<br />
lazeTis eparqiebi.<br />
eparqiis teritoriaze qristianobis<br />
qadageba mociqulebis dros dawyebula.<br />
mefe mirianis mier qristianobis<br />
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis<br />
Semdeg es kuTxec gaqristianda. Tanamedrove<br />
eparqiis teritoria imereTis<br />
samefoSi arsebul quTaisisa da margveTis<br />
samwysoebSi Sedioda.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
wmida sinodis 1995 wlis 5 aprilis<br />
gadawyvetilebiT quTais-gaenaTis<br />
eparqiis safuZvelze sami eparqia _<br />
xonis, vanisa da baRdaTis da quTaisgaenaTis<br />
eparqiebi Camoyalibda. calke<br />
samRvdelmTavrod gamoy<strong>of</strong>il vanisa<br />
da baRdaTis eparqias SeTavsebiT kvlav<br />
quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropoliti<br />
kalistrate marTavda.<br />
1996 wlis noembridan vanisa da<br />
baRdaTis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria ma-<br />
RalyovladusamRvdeloesi mTavarepiskoposi<br />
antoni (buluxia).<br />
25. zugdidisa da caiSis eparqia<br />
zugdidisa da caiSis eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi, istoriuli egrisis<br />
samefos centralur nawilSi<br />
mdebareobs. igi moicavs qalaqebs _<br />
zugdids, walenjixasa da maT mimdebare<br />
teritorias. samRvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba senakisa da<br />
Cxorowyus eparqia, dasavleTidan _<br />
cxum-afxazeTis, CrdiloeTidan _ mestiisa<br />
da zemo svaneTis, samxreTidan<br />
_ foTisa da xobis eparqiebi, samxreTdasavleTis<br />
sazRvari zRvis sanapiro<br />
zols mihyveba.<br />
saeklesio tradiciis Tanaxmad, am<br />
mxareSi wmida mociqulebs _ andria<br />
pirvelwodebuls, svimon kananelsa da<br />
mataTas uqadagiaT da pirvelqristianuli<br />
TemisTvis eklesia daufuZnebiaT.<br />
IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi egris-<br />
Si qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad
gamocxadda, xolo V saukuneSi vaxtang<br />
gorgasalma srulad gaaTavisufla<br />
dasavleTi saqarTvelo romaelTagan.<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi VIII saukunidan<br />
iwyeba afxazeTis sakaTolikosos<br />
Camoyalibebis procesi,romlis SemadgenlobaSic<br />
X saukunisaTvis mTeli<br />
dasavleTi saqarTvelo Sedioda.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebis Semdeg, 1814 wlis 17<br />
oqtombris brZanebulebiT dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso uSualod<br />
SeuerTda ruseTis eklesias. caiSis<br />
samwysoc egzarqosis daqvemdebarebaSi<br />
arsebuli imereT-quTaisis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
aRmoCnda.<br />
1917 wlis seqtemberSi avtokefaliaaRdgenili<br />
saqarTvelos saeklesio<br />
krebaze ganaxlda 13 eparqia. caiSis Zveli<br />
samRvdelmTavro teritoria Wyondidis<br />
eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi iTvleboda.<br />
1995 wlis 5 aprils saqarTvelos<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis sxdomaze<br />
aRdga 1823 wlidan gauqmebuli caiSis<br />
saepiskoposo kaTedra.<br />
zugdidisa da caiSis eparqiis mwy-<br />
emsmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti gerasime (SaraSeni-<br />
Ze).<br />
26. bodbis eparqia<br />
bodbis eparqia saqarTvelos ukidures<br />
samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, qiziyis,<br />
Zveli kambeCovanis mxareSi mdebareobs.<br />
mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis qalaqebi _<br />
siRnaRi, ded<strong>of</strong>liswyaro da maTi mimdebare<br />
teritoriebi. bodbis eparqias<br />
CrdiloeTidan esazRvreba nekresisa<br />
da hereTis, gurjaanisa da veliscixis,<br />
dasavleTidan _ sagarejosa da ninowmindis<br />
eparqiebi, samxreTis da aRmosavleTis<br />
sazRvrebi saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis<br />
sazRvars emTxveva.<br />
qarTuli saistorio tradicia<br />
bodbis eparqiis dafuZnebas V saukuniT<br />
aTariRebs. VI saukunis dasawyis-<br />
Si, 506 wels bodbeli mRvdelmTavari<br />
181<br />
lazare aRmosavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebTan<br />
erTad dvinis saeklesio<br />
krebas eswreboda. saqarTvelos samefo<br />
karze, Semdeg kaxeTis damoukidebel<br />
samTavrosa da samefoSi bodbeli<br />
mRvdelmTavris dawinaurebul mdgomareobas<br />
am mxareSi qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis,<br />
wmida ninos moRvaweoba da<br />
aRsasruli ganapirobebda.<br />
V_VI ss-is mijnaze am mxareSi ori<br />
eparqia _ xornabuji da bodbe _ ixsenieba.<br />
axlomdebare samRvdelmTavro<br />
kaTedraTa bunebriv sazRvrad bodbis<br />
xevi aris miCneuli. kambeCovanis<br />
dasavleTi mxare bodbelis samwysod<br />
iTvleboda, aRmosavleTi _ xornabujelisa.<br />
wmida mefe vaxtang gorgasalma<br />
xornabuji Weremsa da nekresTan er-<br />
Tad saufliswulo mamulad gadasca<br />
Tavis Zes, daCis. saqarTvelos politikuri<br />
daqucmacebulobis periodSi kaxeTis<br />
mefeebs xSirad bodbeli episkoposi<br />
akurTxebda. samefo gvirgvini<br />
aq daidges kaxeTis mefeebma _ giorgi<br />
I (1466_76 ww.), aleqsandre I (1476_1511<br />
ww.), levanma (1518_74 ww.), Teimuraz I<br />
(1606_16; 1625_48 ww.) da sxv. mefis kurTxevis<br />
pativiT igi garkveulwilad uTanabrdeboda<br />
qarTlis da imereTis ka-<br />
Tolikosebs, romlebic aseve TavianTi<br />
samefoebis mefeebs akurTxebdnen.<br />
bodbels kaxeTis samefoSi pirveli<br />
sadroSos _ qiziyis winamZRoloba<br />
hqonda mindobili.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebisas sakmaod momZlavrebuli<br />
da dawinaurebuli bodbis eparqia<br />
ruseTis mier daniSnul egzarqoss<br />
dauqvemdebares da kaxeTis sxva sam-<br />
RvdelmTavroebTan erTad, erT, kaxeTalaverdis<br />
eparqiaSi gaaerTianes.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg saqarTvelos pirvel<br />
saeklesio krebaze ganaxlebulad<br />
CaiTvala bodbis saepiskoposoc. misi<br />
marTva droebiT SeTavsebuli hqonda<br />
alaverdel mRvdelmTavars. 1925 wlis<br />
22 oqtombers sakaTolikoso sabWos
dadgenilebiT, alaverdis eparqias gamoeyo<br />
bodbis eparqia.<br />
bodbis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi daviTi<br />
(tikariZe).<br />
27. samTavisisa da goris eparqia<br />
samTavisisa da goris eparqia Sida<br />
qarTlis centralur nawilSi, istoriul<br />
zena s<strong>of</strong>elSi mdebareobs. eparqia<br />
moicavs Zvel qalaqebs _ gors, kaspsa<br />
da maT mimdebare sanaxebs. eparqiis<br />
amJamindel teritoriaze, „rexulas<br />
zeiT did liaxvamde“, vaxtang gorgaslis<br />
saeklesio reformis Semdeg mcxeTis<br />
mTavarepiskoposis iurisdiqcia<br />
vrceldeboda, romlis sakaTedro ta-<br />
Zari samTavros RvTaebis eklesia iyo.<br />
samRvdelmTavros, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />
centralur nawilSi mdebareobis<br />
gamo, qarTlSi arsebul eparqiaTa<br />
umravlesoba esazRvreba: aRmosavleTidan<br />
_ mcxeTa-Tbilisis, wilknisa da<br />
duSeTis, CrdiloeTidan _ niqozisa da<br />
cxinvalis, dasavleTidan _ urbnisisa<br />
da ruisis, borjomisa da bakurianis,<br />
samxreTidan _ manglisisa da walkis<br />
eparqiebi.<br />
am mxareSi qristes eklesiis dafuZnebis<br />
adreuli etapis Sesaxeb nastakisis<br />
naqalaqaris arqeologiuri<br />
monacemebi mianiSnebs. aq aRmoCenilia<br />
II_III saukuneebis pirvelqristianTa<br />
saRvTismsaxuro Senoba, rac mociqul-<br />
Ta moRvaweobis xanas ukavSirdeba.<br />
saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg es<br />
kuTxe erT-erT umTavres saqristiano<br />
centrad iqca. igi Tavidanve mcxeTis<br />
sapatriarqo saydris iurisdiqciaSi<br />
Sedioda da msxvil saeparqio erTeulad<br />
adridanve Camoyalibda.<br />
saeklesio tradicia samTavis-<br />
Si eparqiis sakaTedro taZris agebas,<br />
wilknis, erTawmindisa da metexis eklesiebTan<br />
erTad, wmida mefe vaxtang<br />
gorgasals miawers.<br />
droTa ganmavlobaSi, mterTagan<br />
mravali Semosevisa da sxvadasxva mizezis<br />
gamo samTavisis samRvdelmTavro<br />
kaTedra nel-nela daemcro. me-19<br />
saukunis damdegs igi mxolod 17 s<strong>of</strong>els<br />
moicavda. 1803 wels wilknis mTavarepiskoposis,<br />
ioane qarumiZis gardacvalebis<br />
Semdeg samTavisis eparqias<br />
wilknis vrceli samwysoc miuerTes.<br />
male wilkan-samTavisis ganvrcobili<br />
teritoria niqozeli mRvdelmTavris<br />
daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida. me-19 saukuneSi<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebis Semdeg qarTlis erT<br />
samRvdelmTavro samwysod gaerTianebuli<br />
eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi samTavisic<br />
Sedioda.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg es mxare xan<br />
wilknis, xanac ruis-urbnisisa da sxva<br />
saepiskoposoTa iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda.<br />
1994 wels ruis-urbniss gamoeyo<br />
kaspisa da goris raionebis teritoria<br />
da samTavisis da goris eparqiis saxelwodebiT<br />
aRdga am kuTxis uZvelesi<br />
saeklesio samwyso.<br />
samTavisisa da goris eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi andria (gvazava).<br />
182<br />
28. stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqia<br />
stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqia aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi,Sida qarTlis<br />
ukiduresi CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs<br />
da mdinareebis _ Trusos, Tergisa da<br />
snoswylis auzebs moicavs. eparqiis<br />
SemadgenlobaSia saqarTvelos mTiane-<br />
Tis patara qalaqi stefanwminda (y<strong>of</strong>.<br />
yazbegi) da misi mimdebare istoriuli<br />
provincia _ xevi,adrindeli Sua saukuneebis<br />
winareTi. samRvdelmTavro teritorias<br />
aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
TianeTisa da fSav-xevsureTis, samxre-<br />
Tidan _ wilknisa da duSeTis,dasavle-<br />
Tidan _ niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqiebi,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ saqarTvelo-ruse-<br />
Tis saxelmwifo sazRvris monakveTze
ki _ alania _ Crd. oseTisa da CaCneTinguSeTis<br />
avtonomiuri respublikebi.<br />
qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi toponimi<br />
„xevi winareTisa“ pirvelad VI<br />
saukunis movlenebis aRwerisas ixsenieba.<br />
mogvianebiT saxelwodeba „winare-<br />
Ti“ xmarebidan TandaTan gamovida da<br />
„xevi“ damkvidrda am mxaris sakuTar<br />
saxelad. Sesabamisad, aqaur mkvidrTa<br />
satomo saxeli „winarebi“ Secvala<br />
„moxevem“.<br />
xevi adridanve, Tavisi adgilmdebareobis<br />
gamo, umniSvnelovanes funqcias<br />
asrulebda saqarTvelos samxedrostrategiuli<br />
da Tavdacvisunarianobis<br />
erTian sistemaSi.<br />
tradicia darialis xeobaSi pirveli<br />
simagris aSenebas iberiis mefe<br />
mirian I (qristes Sobamde II s-is I<br />
naxevari) ukavSirebs. qristes Sobamde<br />
I s-Si iberiis mefeebi romis mZlavr<br />
imperiasTan, parTiasTan da somxeTTan<br />
urTierTobebs aRniSnuli simagris<br />
gaxsniT da momTabareTa gadmoSvebiT<br />
aregulirebdnen. V s-Si wmida mefe vaxtang<br />
gorgasalma aRadgina Zveli TavdacviTi<br />
nagebobebi da saqarTvelos<br />
Crdilo karibWe saimedod Caketa.<br />
wmida mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma am<br />
gziT Camoiyvana (1118_1120 ww.) saqarTveloSi<br />
yivCayebi da manve ganaaxla<br />
aqauri simagreebi. wmida mefe Tamaris<br />
dros kidev ufro metad gaizarda samisionero<br />
moRvaweoba da am kuTxis<br />
gavleniT qristianobaze moeqcnen zaxas,<br />
gudas, Trusos da sxva xeobaTa mcxovrebni.<br />
im xanebSi xevis gansakuTrebuli<br />
mniSvneloba Crdilokavkasieli<br />
xalxebis damorCilebasa da maTi gaqristianebis<br />
saqmeSi seriozul saxelmwifoebriv<br />
saqmed iyo miCneuli.<br />
qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi simtkicis<br />
erT-erTi mZlavri dasayrdeni mxare,<br />
Sida qarTlis CrdiloeTi karibWe<br />
_ xevi, adridanve wilknis eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
iTvleboda. saeklesio<br />
tradicia am mxares andria mociqulis<br />
saqarTveloSi mimosvlis erT monakve-<br />
Tad miiCnevs. xevis moqceva ki aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTvelos mTieli tomebis<br />
gaqristianebas ukavSirdeba da wmida<br />
mefe mirianis Zes _ baqars miewereba.<br />
qveynis saerTo gaWirvebis miuxedavad,<br />
XVIII_XIX saukuneTa mijnaze,<br />
saqarTveloSi ruseTis mmarTvelobis<br />
damyarebamde,qarTlis eparqiaTa Soris<br />
wilkani erT-erT yvelaze dawinaurebul<br />
da ganvrcobil samRvdelmTavrod<br />
iTvleboda. Sesabamisad, xevis eklesiamonastrebSi<br />
moRvawe RvTismsaxurebi<br />
aqtiur qristianul-samisionero saqmianobas<br />
eweodnen kavkasiis mTiel tomebSi.<br />
Tanamedrove stefanwmindisa da<br />
xevis eparqiis teritoriaze adridanve<br />
mraval Tavdadebul mamuliSvilsa da<br />
eklesiis gamoCenil pirs umoRvawia.<br />
mravalTagan aRsaniSnavia Rirsi ioseb<br />
xucesi (moxeve) saswaulmoqmedi; XVIII<br />
saukuneSi inguSeTsa da oseTSi ruse-<br />
Tis samisionero saqmianobis erT-erTi<br />
iniciatori ioseb qvabulisZe (1676_1750<br />
ww.) samebeli da wilkneli; ioane wilkneli,<br />
1762_1802 ww. (qarumiZe). man erekle<br />
II brZanebiT daiwyo misioneroba<br />
da os ymawvilebs aswavlida „wignsa,<br />
werasa da mecnierebasa“, radgan Zalze<br />
didi y<strong>of</strong>ila „nakleboba samRvdeloTa<br />
kavkasiasa mTasa Sina“, xevsa da Crdilo<br />
kavkasiis qristianul TemebSi. im<br />
periodSi gansakuTrebiT saxelganTqmuli<br />
misioneri iyo gervasi maWavariani,<br />
wilknel-samTavneli (1803_1817 w.w.)<br />
episkoposi da sxvani.<br />
saqarTvelos ruseTTan iZulebiTi<br />
SeerTebiT qveyanam jer politikuri<br />
damoukidebloba, Semdeg ki eklesiis<br />
avtokefalia dakarga. saqarTvelosken<br />
carizmis amgvar koloniur-dampyroblur<br />
politikas win aRudga Tavisuflebismoyvare<br />
moxeveTa Temi da 1804<br />
wlis mTiuleTis ajanyebisas eri da<br />
beri aqtiurad ibrZoda maTTvis ucxo<br />
da miuRebeli weswyobilebis winaaRmdeg.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
da qarTul samRvdelmTavroTa<br />
iZulebiTi gauqmebis miuxedavad, xevSi<br />
183
184<br />
aqtiuri qristianuli cxovreba Cqefda.<br />
aqedan kvlav miemarTebodnen misionerebi<br />
kavkasiis mTieli tomebis<br />
gaqristianebisa da rwmenaSi ganmtkicebis<br />
mizniT.<br />
1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenisas Tavis Zvel<br />
sazRvrebSi ganaxlda wilknis uZvelesi<br />
samRvdelmTavroc. 20-iani wlebidan<br />
dawyebuli represiebis gamo, xevis Tem-<br />
Si arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi faqtobrivad<br />
akrZaluli iyo wirva-locvis<br />
aRsruleba. sabWouri mmarTvelobis<br />
mxridan didi zewolis miuxedavad, am<br />
wlebSic ar Camkvdara xevis RvTismosav<br />
qristianTa daucxromeli locvavedreba<br />
uflisadmi eklesiis ganmtkicebisa<br />
da qveynis keTildReobisaTvis.<br />
am mxareSi Rrma sulierebiT gamor-<br />
Ceul ojaxTagan upirvelesad xevis<br />
cnobili pirovnebis, Siola RuduSauris<br />
STamomavlis, giorgi RuduSauris<br />
da natalia kobaiZis stumarTmoyvare<br />
da RvTismosavi ojaxi gamoirCeoda. am<br />
ojaxSi aRizarda saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
momavali mwyemsmTavari, sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II SiolaSvili-RuduSauri,<br />
romelmac Tavisi<br />
mRvdelmTavruli moRvaweoba eklesiisTvis<br />
urTules periodSi daiwyo.<br />
mravali sirTulis miuxedavad, RvTis<br />
gangebiT, swored misi uwmidesobis saxels<br />
ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos mravalsaukunovani<br />
da didi tradiciebis<br />
mqone eklesiis aRorZineba da ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
eklesiis mier misi avtokefaliis<br />
ganmeorebiTi dadastureba-aRiareba.<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis,<br />
misi uwmidesobisa da unetaresobis<br />
ilia II locva-kurTxeviT<br />
Tavis mSobliur kuTxeSi, istoriulad<br />
saqarTvelos Crdilo karibWis saimedo<br />
damcvel xevis TemSi, 2002 wlis 17 oqtombers<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis ganCinebiT dafuZnda eparqia.<br />
axlad daarsebuli stefanwmindisa da<br />
xevis samRvdelmTavro samwyso teritoriulad<br />
ganvrcobili wilknis eparqiis<br />
safuZvelze Camoyalibda.<br />
stefanwmindisa da xevis eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi iegudieli (tabataZe).<br />
29. cagerisa da lentexis eparqia<br />
cagerisa da lentexis eparqia dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos CrdiloeTiT, istoriuli<br />
kuTxeebis _ leCxumisa da<br />
qvemo svaneTis teritorias moicavs. mis<br />
SemadgenlobaSi Sedis mTiani saqarTvelos<br />
ori patara qalaqi: lentexi da<br />
cageri. drois mdinarebis Sesabamisad,<br />
istoriul kuTxeTa _ leCxumis da svaneTis<br />
teritoria izrdeboda an mcirdeboda.<br />
leCxumis didi nawili svaneTis<br />
SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. maT Soris<br />
bunebriv gamy<strong>of</strong>ad leCxumis qedi<br />
iTvleboda.<br />
cagerisa da lentexis samRvdelmTavro<br />
teritorias aRmosavleTidan<br />
nikorwmindis eparqia esazRvreba,<br />
samxreT-dasavleTidan _ senakisa<br />
da Cxorowyus, Wyondidis, samxreTidan<br />
_ quTais-gaenaTis da xoni-samtrediis,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ mestiisa da zemo svaneTis<br />
eparqiebi, Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan<br />
_ kavkasionis centraluri qedi.<br />
werilobiT wyaroebSi svaneTisa da<br />
leCxumis moxsenieba adreuli droidan<br />
iwyeba. svaneTi – susaniis-suaniis-susebis,<br />
suaneTis, misimineTis saxeliT iyo<br />
cnobili. leCxums skvimniis saxeliT<br />
pirvelad VI s-Si prokopi kesarieli<br />
asaxelebs. am kuTxeebs berZnulis garda<br />
romauli da somxuri werilobiTi<br />
wyaroebic ixseniebs.<br />
vaxtang gorgaslis dros, V saukuneSi,<br />
es kuTxeebi mefis saerisTavoebs<br />
warmoadgenda.<br />
qarTuli da ucxoenovani werilobiTi<br />
wyaroebis uwyebiT, wmida mociqulebs<br />
saqarTvelos am regionSic uqadagiaT<br />
da pirveli qristianuli Temic<br />
daufuZnebiaT. es mxare imiTac aris gamorCeuli,rom<br />
eklesiis didma mnaTobma,
wmida maqsime aRmsarebelma cxovrebis<br />
bolo wlebi aq, leCxumSi gaatara.<br />
bunebrivi zRudeebiT adridanve<br />
gamagrebuli mTis es regioni mtris<br />
Semosevisas saqarTvelos baridan atanil<br />
saeklesio siwmideTa sacavad iTvleboda.<br />
saeklesio ganZsacavs leCxum-<br />
Si xvamlis mTa, xolo svaneTSi mTis<br />
miuvali s<strong>of</strong>lebi warmoadgendnen.<br />
qronologiurad am mxareSi mikvleul<br />
uZveles saeklesio wignad leCxumis<br />
s<strong>of</strong>el lailaSis xanmeturi palimfsesti<br />
saxeldeba. eparqiis eklesia-monastrebi<br />
ara marto baridan atanil<br />
saeklesio siwmideTa sacavad iTvleboda,<br />
aramed iq arsebobda umniSvnelovanesi<br />
saeklesio kulturis kerebi. es<br />
mxare Zveli droidanve cnobili iyo<br />
saeklesio xelsaqmis skolebiT.<br />
eparqiis aRorZineba saqarTvelos eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg<br />
daiwyo. 1917 wlis seqtembris saeklesio<br />
krebaze ganaxlebul 13 eparqias Soris<br />
cagerisa da leCxum-svaneTis eparqiac<br />
saxeldeba. samRvdelmTavro samwyso<br />
zemo da qvemo svaneTs aerTianebda. XX<br />
s-is 20-ian wlebSi dawyebuli represiebis<br />
dros eparqiis aRdgenis miuxedavad,<br />
cagerisa da svaneTis eparqias 70 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi sakuTari mRvdelmTavari<br />
TiTqmis ar hyolia. samwysos marTva Se-<br />
TavsebiT quTaTel-gaenaTel mwyemsmTavars<br />
evaleboda. 2002 wlis 17 oqtombridan<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT<br />
cagerisa da svaneTis eparqiis ganvrcobili<br />
teritoriis safuZvelze ori<br />
samRvdelmTavro samwyso Camoyalibda:<br />
cagerisa da qvemo svaneTis da mestiisa<br />
da zemo svaneTis.<br />
cagerisa da lentexis eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi stefane (kalaijiSvili).<br />
30. mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqia<br />
mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqia<br />
dasavleT saqarTvelos ukidures CrdiloeTSi,<br />
istoriuli svaneTis samTavrosa<br />
da balszemo svaneTSi, igive Tavisufal<br />
svaneTSi mdebareobs. eparqia<br />
kavkasionis qedis samxreT kalTebs<br />
Sefenil mestiis raionsa (y<strong>of</strong>ili<br />
seti) da mis Semogarens _ engurisa da<br />
cxeniswylis xeobebs, agreTve kodoris<br />
zemo welis auzs, e.w. afxazeTis<br />
svaneTs moicavs. samRvdelmTavro teritorias<br />
aRmosavleTiT da samxreTaRmosavleTiT<br />
esazRvreba cagerisa da<br />
qvemo svaneTis (lentexis) eparqia, dasavleTiT<br />
_ cxum-afxazeTis, samxreTiT<br />
_ zugdid-caiSis da senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />
eparqiebi, CrdiloeTi saqarTvelo-ruseTis<br />
saxelmwifo sazRvris<br />
monakveTia, romelic eparqiis teritorias<br />
mijnavs yabardo-balyareTis<br />
avtonomiur respublikasTan da yara-<br />
Cai-CerqezeTis avtonomiur olqTan. istoriulad<br />
svaneTis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
sazRvris gadaRma, Crdilo kavkasiis<br />
mdinareebis _ yubanisa da baqsanis sa-<br />
Tavis xeobebSi mdebare sakmaod vrceli<br />
teriroriac Sedioda.<br />
werilobiT wyaroTa uwyebiT, wmida<br />
mociqulebs _ andria pirvelwodebuls,<br />
svimon kananelsa da mataTas am mxareSic<br />
umoRvawiaT. svanebis moqcevisa<br />
da pirveli eklesiis dafuZnebis Semdeg<br />
mataTa am mxareSi darCenila da<br />
RvTis sityvas ganavrcobda. saqarTveloSi<br />
qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad<br />
gamocxadebasTan erTad, es kuTxec<br />
qristiandeba,Tumca adreul xanaSi misi<br />
saeklesio organizaciis Sesaxeb Zalze<br />
mcire cnobebi arsebobs. zemo svaneTis,<br />
gansakuTrebiT misi dasavleTi nawilis<br />
mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrad ZiriTadad<br />
caiSeli episkoposi iTvleboda.<br />
XIX s-is dasawyisidan ruseTis mier<br />
saqarTvelos dapyrobisa da eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
Zaladobrivi gauqmebis gamo<br />
svaneTSi carizmis politikis mimarT winaaRmdegoba<br />
didxans grZeldeboda.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,<br />
ganaxlebuli cagerisa da leCxum-sva-<br />
185
neTis eparqia moicavda mestiasa da<br />
zemo svaneTsac. ocian wlebSi dawyebuli<br />
saeklesio represiebis gamo am<br />
mxareSi mRvdelmsaxureba faqtobrivad<br />
ar aResruleboda, Tumca sabWouri<br />
mmarTvelobis miuxedavad, zemo svaneTma<br />
sanimuSo erTgulebiT daicva Zveli<br />
eklesia-monastrebi da iq arsebuli<br />
siwmideebi.<br />
2002 wlis 17 oqtombers saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis ganCinebiT cagerisa da<br />
leCxum-svaneTis teritoriulad ganvrcobili<br />
eparqiis safuZvelze ori sam-<br />
RvdelmTavro samwyso Camoyalibda: a)<br />
cagerisa da qvemo svaneTisa (lentexis);<br />
b) mestiisa da zemo svaneTisa.<br />
mestiisa da zemo svaneTis eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi ilarioni (qitiaSvili).<br />
31. sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqia<br />
sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqia<br />
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, gare kaxeTSi,<br />
mdinare ivris auzSi _ gomboris<br />
qedis samxreT-dasavleT kalTis<br />
mTiswineTis teritoriaze mdebareobs.<br />
igi moicavs qalaq sagarejosa da mis<br />
Semogarens. eparqias aRniSnuli saxelwodeba<br />
2003 wlis 18 agvistos urbnisis<br />
sakaTedro taZarSi Catarebuli<br />
wmida sinodis krebaze ewoda. 1995<br />
wlis 5 aprilidan igi sagarejosa da<br />
gurjaanis saerTo saxelwodebiT arsebul<br />
samRvdelmTavros miekuTvneboda,<br />
romlis samwyso teritoriis gay<strong>of</strong>is<br />
Semdeg Camoyalibda. samRvdelmTavros<br />
aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba bodbis da<br />
gurjaan-veliscixis, dasavleTidan _<br />
rusTav-marneulis da mcxeTa-Tbilisis,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ alaverdis da TianeT-fSav-xevsureTis<br />
eparqiebi, samxre-<br />
Tis mijna saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis<br />
saxelmwifo sazRvars emTxveva.<br />
sagarejo-ninowmindis eparqiis teritoria<br />
istoriuli kaxeTis samefos<br />
mesame sadroSos miekuTvneboda. am<br />
186<br />
regionSi saqarTvelos gaqristianebis<br />
axlo xanebidan ramdenime msxvili<br />
samRvdelmTavro kaTedra arsebobda,<br />
romelTac dasabami wmida mefe vaxtang<br />
gorgaslis saeklesio reformam daudo.<br />
vaxtangis mier dafuZnebul qarTlis<br />
sakaTolikosoSi Tormeti axali<br />
saepiskoposo kaTedridan ori _<br />
ninowmindisa da Weremis Tanamedrove<br />
sagarejo-ninowmindis eparqiis teritoriaze<br />
mdebareobda. mogvianebiT am<br />
mxareSi samebelis, kawarelisa da marty<strong>of</strong>elis<br />
kaTedrebic moixsenieboda.<br />
amdenad, istoriuli kaxeTis samefoSi<br />
arsebul eparqiaTa umravlesoba Tanamedrove<br />
sagarejos da ninowmindis sam-<br />
RvdelmTavro teritoriaze mdebareobda.<br />
aRniSnuli samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebi<br />
sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaSi arsebobdnen.<br />
maTgan yvelaze adreulad<br />
vaxtangis mier daarsebuli eparqiebi<br />
iTvleba.<br />
ninowmindis saepiskoposos kaTedra<br />
_ „ujarmis kari“ _ mefis sasaxlis<br />
karis eklesia iyo, romlis mwyemsmTavari<br />
VI saukunis dasawyisSi dvinis saeklesio<br />
krebazec moixsenieboda.<br />
umZimesi istoriuli warsulis miuxedavad,<br />
sagarejosa da ninowmindis<br />
eparqiis samwyso teritoriaze adridanve<br />
erTiani qristianuli saqarTvelos<br />
umniSvnelovanesi eklesia-monastrebi<br />
da saganmanaTleblo kerebi arsebobda:<br />
garejis mravalmTis samonastro kompleqsis<br />
zogierTi savane (qalaqisTvisac<br />
saxeli `sagarejo~ misTvis aqauri<br />
miwebis Sewirvis gamo uwodebiaT.<br />
„moigo saxeli, odes Seswires garejis<br />
udabnos dabnebi ese, uwodes sagarejo),<br />
boWorma (X_XI ss-is taZari),ninowminda<br />
(VI s-is sakaTedro taZari), kawareTi<br />
(VI_VII ss-is taZari), xaSmi, ujarma (V<br />
s.), Weremi da sxv. odiTganve aRniSnul<br />
eklesia-monastrebSi da mTel mxareSi<br />
did saganmanaTleblo, kulturul-aRm-<br />
SeneblobiT saqmianobas eweodnen aq<br />
moRvawe sasuliero da saero pirebi.<br />
XIX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis,
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebamde, regionSi arsebul eparqia-<br />
Tagan ninowmindelis kaTedra tradiciulad<br />
kvlav ganvrcobil da mdidar<br />
eparqiad iTvleboda.<br />
2003 wlis 18 agvistos, urbnisis sakaTedro<br />
taZarSi Catarebuli saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
wmida sinodis krebis ganCinebiT, sagarejosa<br />
da gurjaanis eparqiis samwyso<br />
teritoriis gadanawilebis Semdeg<br />
Camoyalibda gurjaan-veliscixis da<br />
sagarejo-ninowmindis eparqiebi.<br />
sagarejosa da ninowmindis eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi luka (lomiZe).<br />
32. bolnisis eparqia<br />
187<br />
bolnisis eparqia aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi, istoriuli qvemo qarTlis<br />
teritoriaze mdebareobs. igi<br />
saqarTvelos uZveles qalaqs – bolniss<br />
da mis mimdebare teritorias moicavs.<br />
mas aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
rusTavisa da marneulis,dasavleTidan<br />
_ dmanisis, CrdiloeTidan _ manglisisa<br />
da walkis eparqiebi, xolo samxreTi<br />
sazRvari saqarTvelo-somxeTis saxelmwifo<br />
sazRvars emTxveva.<br />
es vrceli mxare bunebrivad aris<br />
SemosazRvruli TrialeTis, javaxe-<br />
Tisa da bambak-erevnis qedebiT. istoriuli<br />
viTarebis Sesabamisad, qvemo<br />
qarTlis administraciuli sazRvrebi<br />
xSirad icvleboda. misi cvalebadoba<br />
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv simtkices<br />
Seesabameboda. Zvel wyaroebSi<br />
Semonaxulia am mxaris sxvadasxva saxelwodeba,<br />
romelTagan zogi fizikurgeografiuli<br />
cnebaa, zogi eTnikur-geografiuli<br />
da administraciul-teritoriuli<br />
Tu sxva.<br />
uZvelesi da umdidresi warsulis<br />
mqone mxareSi eklesia IV saukuneSi<br />
dafuZnda. „moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs“ Tanaxmad,<br />
bolnisis cnobili taZari IV s-<br />
is bolo wlebSi augia elia mTavarepiskoposs.<br />
bolnisis samRvdelmTavro<br />
teritoria Zalian mdidaria V_XVIII<br />
saukuneebis umniSvnelovanesi qristianuli<br />
xuroTmoZRvrebis ZeglebiT.<br />
am kuTxeSi adridanve farTod iyo<br />
gaSlili mwignobruli saqmianobac.<br />
mravalTagan gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva<br />
cnobili mwerali da mqadagebeli<br />
ioane bolneli.<br />
1917 wels, avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />
miuxedavad, mravalmxriv saintereso istoriuli<br />
warsulis eparqiaSi tradiciuli<br />
qristianuli cxovrebis gamococxleba<br />
Zalze nela, mxolod 70_80-ian<br />
wlebSi daiwyo. Zveli bolnisis eparqia<br />
agarak-walkis saerTo saxelwodebiT<br />
arsebul qvemo qarTlis eparqiaSi iyo<br />
gaerTianebuli. bolnisis calke eparqiad<br />
gamoy<strong>of</strong>a sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />
unetaresis ilia II locva-kurTxeviT<br />
1995 wels aRsrulda. im droidan mas<br />
bolnisisa da dmanisis eparqia ewoda.<br />
2003 wlis 18 agvistos, urbnisis saka-<br />
Tedro taZarSi Catarebuli saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida<br />
sinodis krebaze bolnisis da dmanisis<br />
eparqia gaiyo da mis safuZvelze ori<br />
samRvdelmTavro Camoyalibda: bolnisis<br />
eparqia da dmanisis eparqia.<br />
bolnisis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />
yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />
efremi (gamrekeliZe).<br />
33. dmanisis eparqia<br />
dmanisis eparqia qvemo qarTlis teritoriaze,<br />
e.w. `qvena s<strong>of</strong>elSi~, mdinareebis<br />
_ maSaverisa da xramis auzSi<br />
mdebareobs. igi qarTlis ganapira qalaq<br />
dmaniss da mis mimdebare sanaxebs<br />
moicavs. dmanisis samRvdelmTavro<br />
samwysos aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
bolnisis, dasavleTidan _ axalqalaqisa<br />
da kumurdos, CrdiloeTidan _ manglisisa<br />
da walkis eparqiebi, samxreTi<br />
sazRvari saqarTvelo-somxeTis saxelmwifo<br />
sazRvars emTxveva.
eparqiis teritoriaze bolo drois<br />
arqeologiuri kvlevebis Sedegad<br />
gamovlenilia pirvely<strong>of</strong>il adamianTa<br />
uZvelesi nakvalevi, rac dmaniss<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio civilizaciis sawyisebTan<br />
akavSirebs.<br />
dmanisi iyo ZirZvel qarTul provinciaTa<br />
_ taSirisa da dmanisxevis _<br />
administraciul-politikuri da kulturul-saeparqio<br />
centri. wyaroebSi<br />
dmaneli episkoposi VI s-idan gvxvdeba,<br />
eparqiis Seqmna ki wmida mefe vaxtang<br />
gorgaslis mier saeklesio reformis<br />
gatarebis axlo xanebSia savaraudo.<br />
dmanelis samwysod Tavidanve iTvleboda:<br />
a) dmanisxevi, romelic vrceldeboda<br />
`yaraRajisa da taSiris mTis<br />
CrdiloT~ da b) taSiris _ `lores<br />
zeiT da loqis samÃriT, vidre debedamde<br />
da arjanis mTamde~ _ mosaxleoba,<br />
radgan eseni `samwysoni arian dbanisis~-o<br />
(vaxuSti).<br />
dmanisis eparqia eklesia-monastrebis<br />
simravlis garda, adridanve<br />
gamorCeuli iyo aq davanebuli saswaulmoqmedi<br />
xatebisa da wmidaTa<br />
wmida nawilebis mravalricxovnebiT.<br />
dmanisis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />
xatidan aRsrulebul RvTaebriv saswaulTa<br />
Sesaxeb `qarTlis cxovrebac~<br />
gvauwyebs.<br />
cnobilia, rom dmanisSia saZvale<br />
wmida mefe demetre Tavdadebulis Zis,<br />
mefe vaxtang III (1297; 1302-1308 ww.).<br />
XIX saukunisTvis gapartaxebuli<br />
mxare, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis<br />
da CvenTvis ucxo mmarTvelobiT-administraciuli<br />
sistemis SemoRebis<br />
Semdeg, Tbilisis gubernias<br />
miakuTvnes.<br />
188<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg<br />
Tanamedrove dmanisis eparqiis<br />
samwyso teritoria agarak-walkis sam-<br />
RvdelmTavros miekuTvneboda. 1995 wels,<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />
gadawyvetilebiT agarak-walkas gamoeyo<br />
bolnisisa da dmanisis eparqia, romelic<br />
aRniSnul or mezobel raions<br />
aerTianebda. eparqiis mRvdelmTavrad<br />
dadgenili iyo mTavarepiskoposi Tadeoz<br />
ioramaSvili. 2003 wlis 18 agvistos<br />
urbnisis sakaTedro taZarSi Catarebul<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis wmida sinodis sadResaswaulo<br />
krebaze,bolnisisa da dmanisis sam-<br />
RvdelmTavro teritoriis safuZvelze<br />
ori eparqia Camoyalibda _ bolnisisa<br />
da dmanisis, riTac aRdga istoriuli<br />
samarTlianoba ori uZvelesi da damoukidebeli<br />
samRvdelmTavros memkvidreobis<br />
ganaxlebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
dmanisis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />
yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi zenoni<br />
(iarajuli).<br />
34. gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqia<br />
gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqia<br />
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, centraluri<br />
kaxeTis teritoriaze, gomboris qedis<br />
Crdilo-aRmosavleT mTiswineTisa<br />
da mdinare alaznis auzSi mdebareobs.<br />
samRvdelmTavros iurisdiqcia gurjaanis<br />
raionsa da mis mimdebare teritoriaze<br />
vrceldeba. gurjaanisa da<br />
veliscixis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba nekresisa da hereTis,dasavleTidan<br />
_ sagarejosa da ninowmindis,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ alaverdis, samxreTidan<br />
_ bodbis eparqiebi.<br />
eparqiis teritoria istoriul hereTs<br />
miekuTvneboda, dReisaTvis ki kaxeTis<br />
centralur nawils warmoadgens<br />
da misi istoria mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli<br />
erTiani kaxeTis warsulTan. XI<br />
s-is dasawyisSi kaxeTis mefem, kvirike<br />
III, hereTis samefo SemoierTa da gaer-<br />
Tianebuli `kaxeTis samefo~ Svid<br />
saerisTavod dayo,ris Semdegac eparqiis<br />
teritoria alaznis marjvena mxaris,<br />
Signi-kaxeTis centralur saerisTavos<br />
miakuTvna. XI_XII ss-Ta mijnaze wmida<br />
mefe daviT aRmaSenebelma saqarTvelos<br />
gaerTianebis Sedegad kaxeTis y<strong>of</strong>ili<br />
samefo erTian qarTul administraci-
ul sistemaSi moaqcia. mogvianebiT, XV<br />
s-idan saqarTvelo samefoebad daiSala.<br />
oTx sadroSod danawilebul kaxeTis<br />
samefoSi, rigiT meore, _ nekresis<br />
sadroSos miekuTvneboda gurjaanveliscixis<br />
teritoria; saqarTvelos<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saeparqio<br />
administrirebiT ki _ uZveles Weremis<br />
samRvdelmTavros.<br />
Weremis eparqia V s-Si wmida mefe<br />
vaxtang gorgaslis mier daarsebul<br />
Tormet samRvdelmTavros Soris ixsenieba.<br />
Weremis eparqia Tanamedrove<br />
gurjaanisa da veliscixis eparqiis<br />
teritorias moicavda. Weremis sam-<br />
RvdelmTavro kaTedra XVIII s-mde<br />
inarCunebda am mxaris (mTlianad an<br />
nawilobriv) saeparqio marTvis uflebas.<br />
oRond XI s-idan, alaverdis sam-<br />
RvdelmTavros dawinaurebis Semdeg<br />
Weremis eparqiis teritoriebi mcirdeba,<br />
Weremelis tradiciul avtoritets<br />
ki alaverdeli Caenacvla. XVIII s-is<br />
Suaxanebidan mefe Teimurazisa da mefe<br />
erekles ZalisxmeviT kaxeTi nel-nela<br />
aRorZinebis gzas daadga _ samefo<br />
karma samRvdelmTavroTa gaZlierebisaTvis<br />
kuTvnili yma-mamulebis moZieba<br />
da ukan dabruneba ganaCina. 1757 wels<br />
Sedgenili sakanonmdeblo aqti: `ganweseba<br />
Teimuraz II-isa saWeremlo samwysos<br />
mibarebis Sesaxeb~ Weremis eparqiis<br />
teritoriis mezobel samRvdelm-<br />
TavroTa _ alaverdis, bodbisa da<br />
ninowmindas _ Soris droebiT gadanawilebas<br />
ganaCinebs. Tu moiwios Jami<br />
da `inebos meufeman Cvenman qristeman<br />
mas eklesiasa Sina Tvissa episkopossa<br />
dadgroma~, yovelgvari dapirispirebis<br />
da sityvisgebis gareSe `Tvisi mamuli<br />
da samwyso da raÁca misi sargo da<br />
Semosavali iyos, yovelive mis eklesiisa<br />
da episkopossa mieces uklebad<br />
da ucilebelad da usityvelad~. qarTlis<br />
da kaxeTis mefeTa _ Teimuraz II<br />
da erekle II brZaneba da saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />
unetaresis iosebis locva-kurTxeva<br />
189<br />
orsaukunenaxevris Semdeg, 2003 wlis<br />
18 agvistos, gurjaanisa da veliscixis<br />
eparqiis aRdgeniT aRsrulda.<br />
gurjaanis da veliscixis eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi eqvTime (leJava).<br />
35. senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia<br />
senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi, istoriuli<br />
kolxeTis samefoSi, mdinare rionsa da<br />
egriswyals Soris arsebul teritoriaze<br />
_ odiSis dablobze mdebareobs.<br />
igi moicavs samegrelos qalaqebs _<br />
senaks, Cxorowyus da maT mimdebare<br />
teritorias. senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />
samRvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan esazRvreba<br />
Wyondidis, dasavleTidan _<br />
zugdidisa da caiSis, foTisa da xobis,<br />
Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _ cagerisa<br />
da lentexis, Crdilo-dasavleTidan _<br />
mestiisa da zemo svaneTis, samxreTidan<br />
_ Semoqmedis eparqiebi.<br />
mociqulTa qadagebiT moqceuli am<br />
kuTxis mosaxleoba, sabolood, IV s-Si,<br />
saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg<br />
qristiandeba. gaqristianebis miuxedavad,<br />
erTmorwmune berZenTa agresia<br />
egrisis mimarTulebiT kidev ufro<br />
gamoikveTa. VI s-Si es mxare berZensparselTa<br />
saomari dapirispirebis<br />
asparezad iqca da es periodi `didi<br />
omianobis~ saxeliT aris Sesuli Cveni<br />
qveynis istoriaSi. imJamindeli egrisis<br />
upirvelesi qalaqis _ cixe-gojis<br />
dacvisTvis aqaurebs didi gmiroba<br />
gamouCeniaT da 551 wels ukuugdiaT<br />
iranelTa laSqari. VII s-is pirvel<br />
mesamedSi berZenTa keisarma heraklem<br />
(610_641) zRvispireTi saqarTvelos CamoaSora,<br />
xolo VII_VIII ss-is mijnaze<br />
arabTa Semosevebisas mtrisgan gapartaxebuli<br />
egrisis samefoc da misi<br />
dedaqalaqic droebiT maT xelSi gadavida.<br />
berZnul wyaroTa mixedviT, her-
akles Semosevebisas egrisis samefos<br />
teritoriaze arsebuli berZnuli sam-<br />
RvdelmTavroebis iurisdiqciaSi iyo<br />
moqceuli mTeli zRvispireTi. konstantinopolis<br />
politikuri da saeklesio<br />
gavlenisagan ganTavisufleba VIII s-<br />
idan daiwyo. male, afxazeTis sakaTolikosos<br />
Camoyalibebis Semdeg, mTel<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi misi iurisdiqcia<br />
gavrcelda, xolo saqarTvelos<br />
teritoriaze ZalmomreobiT dafuZnebuli<br />
berZnuli samRvdelmTavroebi qarTuliT<br />
Seicvala.<br />
Tanamedrove senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />
eparqiis teritoriis imJamindeli mosaxleoba<br />
caiSis da Wyondidis eparqiebis<br />
SemadgenlobaSi iTvleboda.<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebis Semdeg es mxare 1823 wels<br />
Camoyalibebul samegrelos eparqiaSi<br />
iyo gaerTianebuli. 1874 wlis maisis<br />
TveSi ruseTis eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />
ganCinebiT gauqmebuli samegrelos<br />
eparqia imereTis eparqias miuerTes,<br />
xolo 1885 wlidan Seqmnili guria-samegrelos<br />
eparqia senakisa da Cxorowyus<br />
teritoriebsac aerTianebda.<br />
1917 wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis<br />
Semdeg ganaxlda Wyondidis<br />
eparqia, romelic mTlianad moicavda<br />
samegrelos teritorias. 1995 wels<br />
saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />
gadawyvetilebiT Wyondidis eparqiis<br />
safuZvelze, misi teritoriuli gay<strong>of</strong>is<br />
Sedegad, aRdga Zveli samRvdelm-<br />
Tavroebi: zugdidisa da caiSis,foTisa<br />
da senakis da sakuTriv Wyondidis. 2003<br />
wlis 18 agvistos, saqarTvelos mar-<br />
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis<br />
krebis ganCinebiT, Wyondidis da<br />
foTi-senakis eparqiaTa xelaxali teritoriuli<br />
gadanawilebis safuZvelze<br />
Camoyalibda senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqia.<br />
senakisa da Cxorowyus eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria yovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
episkoposi Sio (mujiri).<br />
190<br />
36. sxalTis eparqia<br />
sxalTis eparqia saqarTvelos<br />
samxreT-dasavleTiT, aWaris avtonomiuri<br />
respublikis mTian mxares _ zemo<br />
aWaras moicavs. aRniSnuli saxelwodebiT<br />
eparqia 2006 wlis 21 dekembers,<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
wmida sinodis krebis ganCinebiT<br />
Seiqmna, _ baTumisa da sxalTis eparqiis<br />
ganvrcobili teritoriis gadanawilebis<br />
safuZvelze. eparqiis SemadgenlobaSi<br />
Sedis qalaqebi qeda, Suaxevi<br />
da xulo TavianTi mimdebare teritoriebiT.<br />
sxalTis eparqias aRmosavleTidan<br />
esazRvreba axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa<br />
da lazeTis eparqia,dasavleTidan _<br />
baTumisa da qobuleTis, CrdiloeTidan<br />
_ Semoqmedis eparqiebi, samxreTis mxridan<br />
eparqiis sazRvari emTxveva saqarTvelo-TurqeTis<br />
saxelmwifo sazRvars<br />
da gasdevs WaneTisa da SavSeTis<br />
qedebs.<br />
sxalTis eparqiis momcveli teritoria<br />
istoriul-geografiulad zemo<br />
qarTlis, kerZod, mesxeTis nawils<br />
Seadgenda. es mxare aWariswylis xeobas<br />
moicavs Woroxis SesarTavamde da<br />
istoriul wyaroebSi `aWaris qveynis~,<br />
xanac `aWaris xevis~ saxeliT aris<br />
moxseniebuli. aWaris xevi or ZiriTad<br />
nawilad _ zemo aWarad anu zegnad<br />
da qvemo aWarad iy<strong>of</strong>oda. aWaris centralur<br />
nawils Suaxevi erqva. zemo<br />
aWaris centri iyo Zvelad didaWara,<br />
SuasaukuneebSi _ xixani, mogvianebiT _<br />
xulo, qvemo aWarisa _ s<strong>of</strong>. qeda. amdenad,istoriuli<br />
zemo,qvemo da centraluri<br />
aWaris kulturul-administraciuli<br />
centrebi _ Suaxevi, xulo da qeda,<br />
romelTac qristianuli saqarTvelos<br />
istoriaSi ganuzomeli funqcia Seasrules,<br />
Tanamedrove sxalTis eparqiis<br />
iurisdiqciaSi arian gaerTianebulni.<br />
es kuTxe, leonti mrovelis cnobiT, Zv.<br />
w. III s-is II naxevarSi qarTlis samefos<br />
oZrxis saerisTavoSi Sedioda.
momdevno xanaSic igi qarTlis samefos<br />
nawili iyo.<br />
qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi<br />
wyaroebi da wmida saeklesio tradicia<br />
saqarTveloSi qristianobis qadagebas<br />
aWaris gavliT Semosul wmida andria<br />
pirvelwodebuls da mis Tanmxleb mociqulebs<br />
ukavSirebs. igi pirveli Semosvlisas<br />
oZrxe_tao-klarjeTis gziT<br />
Semosula, romelic, Tavis mxriv, trapezuntsac<br />
uerTdeboda, xolo Semdgomi<br />
Semosvlisas mas taos gziT usargeblia.<br />
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnoba andrias<br />
Semosvlas ukavSirebs saqarTveloSi<br />
pirveli eklesiebis mSeneblobas. mas<br />
trapezuntidan qarTlis qveyanaSi _ didaWarisken<br />
auRia gezi. RvTis sityvis<br />
qadagebisas mravali gansacdeli dauTmenia.<br />
im adgilas, sadac yovladwmida<br />
RvTismSoblis xati daasvena, wyarosTvali<br />
warmoCenila da Tavankara wyaro<br />
amosula. mis garSemo Semokrebili am<br />
qveynis mkvidri mosaxleoba mociquls<br />
qristes saxeliT gaunaTlia. pirveli<br />
eklesiac, yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />
saxelze, aqve auSenebiaT, sadac<br />
RvTismSoblis xati iyo dasvenebuli.<br />
amis Semdeg mociquls mTa gadauvlia,<br />
am gzaze TviTon andrias aRumarTavs<br />
rkinis jvari, amis gamo mTas dRemde<br />
`rkinis jvari~ ewodeba, oZraxis xevi<br />
Cauvlia da samcxis sazRvarTan, s<strong>of</strong>.<br />
zaden-goraSi dauvanebia, Semdeg ki sosangeTSi<br />
(dRevandeli awyuri) misula.<br />
aqac didi saswaulis aRsrulebis<br />
(gardacvlili bavSvis aRdgena) Semdeg<br />
qristes rwmenaze moqceula mosaxleoba.<br />
yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />
xelTuqmneli saswaulmoqmedi xati<br />
ukve gaqristianebul iqaur mkvidrTa<br />
TxovniT dautovebia awyurSi, imJamad<br />
aSenebul mcire ekvderSi, romelsac<br />
axla `Zveli eklesia~ ewodeba.<br />
saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg,<br />
IV s-Si Tanamedrove sxalTis eparqiis<br />
teritoria erTiandeba mezobeli<br />
SavSeTis mxareSi, `tbeTis pirispir,<br />
191<br />
CrdiloT kerZ, mdinaris gaRma~ arsebul<br />
Tuxarelis samwysoSi, romlis<br />
eklesia `mefeman mirdat (mirdat V<br />
baqaris Ze, 364_379 ww.) aRaSena cixesa<br />
(Tuxarisis cixe) Sina~ (vaxuSti). V s-<br />
is 60-iani wlebidan am mxareze wmida<br />
vaxtang gorgaslis mier klarjeTSi<br />
daarsebuli da gaZlierebuli axizis<br />
eparqiis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda.<br />
droTa ganmavlobaSi aWaris xeobaze<br />
mezobel samRvdelmTavroTa uflebrivi<br />
monacvleoba qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri<br />
mdgomareobiT iyo<br />
nakarnaxevi.<br />
XVI s-is 70-ian wlebSi aWara osmalebma<br />
daipyres da igi axalcixis<br />
(Cildiris) vilaieTs miuerTes. TurqTagan<br />
Seviwroebuli aqauri mosaxleoba<br />
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxares Seexizna,<br />
mamapapeul adgilebze darCenis<br />
msurvelT qristianoba unda uareyoT<br />
da mahmadianoba mieRoT. saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi<br />
mravali gansacdelis miuxedavad,<br />
aWarlebma mSobliuri enisa da<br />
winaparTa tradiciebis SenarCuneba<br />
SeZles.<br />
1878 wlis berlinis traqtatiT,<br />
ruseT-TurqeTis omis Sedegebis Sejerebis<br />
Semdeg, aWara mahmadianuri osmaleTis<br />
gavlenisgan gaTavisuflda,<br />
Tumca carizmis reaqciuli erovnuli<br />
politikis gamo am mxareSi kulturulekonomikuri<br />
winsvla Zalze nela mimdinareobda.<br />
XX s-is 20-iani wlebidan<br />
Svidi aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi<br />
saqarTvelos upirveles qristianul<br />
keraze _ aWaraSi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos<br />
danarCen kuTxeebSi, marTlmadidebluri<br />
RvTismsaxureba Zalze<br />
SezRudulad, faqtobrivad arc ki<br />
aResruleboda.<br />
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis<br />
mopovebis Semdeg, eklesias saSualeba<br />
mieca, Tavisi misia am kuTxeSi ufro<br />
aqtiurad ganexorcielebina. gansakuTrebuli<br />
sulieri da saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
mniSvneloba hqonda sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />
locva-kurTxeviT da saqarTvelos im-<br />
Jamindeli prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias<br />
xelSewyobiT 1991 wels zemo<br />
aWaraSi _ xuloSi sasuliero saswavleblis<br />
gaxsnas. saswavlebeli zogadsaganmanaTleblo<br />
saSualo skolasa<br />
da teqnikums aerTianebda. am saqmis<br />
warmarTva da xelmZRvaneloba miendo<br />
dekanoz grigol abulaZes (amJamad<br />
sxalTis eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelm-<br />
Tavaria spiridon abulaZe). amis kvalad<br />
aqtiurad daiwyo eklesia-monastrebis<br />
aRmSeneblobisa da cxovrebis<br />
qristianuli wesis aRorZinebis xana.<br />
es procesi sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da<br />
unetaresis ilia II winamZRolobiT da<br />
ZalisxmeviT mTeli qveynis masStabiT<br />
mimdinareobs. gansakuTrebuli faqizi<br />
damokidebulebis gamomJRavneba<br />
am kuTxis _ zemo aWaris da saerTod<br />
aWaris mimarT ganpirobebulia im garemoebiT,<br />
rom TurqeTis mravalsaukunovan<br />
batonobas umtkivneulod ar Cauvlia.<br />
aqaur ZirZvel qarTvelebs ZaliT<br />
Tavs moaxvies maTTvis ucxo, mahmadianuri<br />
sarwmunoeba. sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesis<br />
da unetaresis ilia II pozicia<br />
kargad aris warmoCenili mis mowodebaSi<br />
mTeli qarTuli erisadmi: `Cven ki<br />
ar unda gavaqristianoT aWara, aramed<br />
aWaram unda gaaqristianos sruliad<br />
saqarTvelo~.<br />
eris sulieri winamZRolis TvalsawieriT,<br />
umaRlesi gadasaxedidan<br />
brZnulad ganWvretili aWaris faqtori<br />
da misdami mamaSviluri damokidebulebis<br />
gamomJRavneba nimuSia mTeli<br />
qarTveli eris poziciis gamosaxatavad<br />
am kuTxis mimarT. sxalTis eparqiis Seqmnac<br />
saqarTvelos pirvelqristianuli<br />
kerisadmi am mzrunvelobis dasturia.<br />
eparqiaSi im adgilas, sadac wmida andria<br />
mociqulma pirveli qristianuli<br />
taZari aago, dagegmilia didi samonastro<br />
kompleqsis mSenebloba, romelic<br />
192<br />
ara marto saqarTvelos morwmuneebisaTvis,<br />
aramed ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva<br />
qveynis qristianTa momlocvelobis<br />
adgilad unda iqces. piligrimobis<br />
centris Seqmna am kuTxes tradiciul<br />
udides sulier da saxelmwifoebriv<br />
funqcias daubrunebs.<br />
axlad Seqmnili eparqiis iurisdiqciaSi<br />
gaerTianebuli kuTxis bolo<br />
periodis istoria srul TanxvedraSi<br />
modis mezobeli baTumisa da qobule-<br />
Tis samRvdelmTavros istoriasTan.<br />
1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
aRdgenis Semdeg ganaxlda<br />
baTumis eparqiac, romelsac baTom-<br />
Semoqmedis, mogvianebiT baTum-Semoqmedis<br />
samRvdelmTavro ewoda. aRniSnuli<br />
eparqia samxreT, samxreT-dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos (aWara, guria) da nominalurad<br />
saqarTvelos samxreT saz-<br />
Rvrebs miRma (Tanamedrove TurqeTis<br />
teritoria) arsebul qarTul provinciebs<br />
aerTianebda. 1995 wlis 5 aprils<br />
baTum-Semoqmedis ganvrcobili eparqiis<br />
safuZvelze Camoyalibda Semoqmedis<br />
da baTum-sxalTis eparqiebi, 2006 wlis<br />
21 dekembers ki baTumisa da sxalTis<br />
eparqiis teritoriuli gadanawilebis<br />
Semdeg Seiqmna baTum-qobuleTisa da<br />
sxalTis eparqiebi.<br />
sxalTis eparqiis mwyemsmTavaria<br />
yovladusamRvdeloesi episkoposi<br />
spiridoni (abulaZe).<br />
37. tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia<br />
tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi, istoriuli<br />
imereTis samefos okribis mxaris<br />
nawilsa da imereTis dablobis nawils<br />
moicavs. aRniSnuli saxelwodebiT eparqia<br />
2006 wlis 21 dekembers Seiqmna<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli<br />
quTais-gaenaTis da margveT-ubisis sam-<br />
RvdelmTavro teritoriebis xelaxali<br />
gadanawilebis safuZvelze. eparqiis<br />
SemadgenlobaSi Sedis qalaqebi: tyibuli<br />
(mimdebare teritoriebis nawil-
193<br />
iT) da Terjola (srulad Terjolis<br />
raioni). tyibulisa da Terjolis sam-<br />
RvdelmTavros aRmosavleTidan esaz-<br />
Rvreba saCxerisa da WiaTuris eparqia,<br />
samxreT-aRmosavleTidan _ margveTisa<br />
da ubisis, dasavleTidan _ quTais-gaenaTis,<br />
CrdiloeTidan _ nikorwmindis,<br />
samxreTidan _ vanisa da baRdaTis eparqiebi.<br />
saxelwodebebi `tyibuli~ da `Terjola~<br />
wyaroebSi mxolod XVII s-idan<br />
ixsenieba, rac Seexeba okribas, igi XI<br />
s-is werilobiT ZeglSi gvxvdeba.<br />
qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi<br />
wyaroebis cnobebi mociqulTa _ andria<br />
pirvelwodebulis, svimon kananelis,<br />
mataTas _ mier fazisis iberebis<br />
gaqristianebis Sesaxeb aRniSnul mxaresac<br />
moicavs. amdenad, eparqiis teritoriaze,<br />
iseve rogorc mTlianad rionis<br />
xeobis gaswvriv, qristianobis qadageba<br />
mociqulTa dros dawyebula. mefe mirianis<br />
mier qristianobis saxelmwifo<br />
religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg am<br />
kuTxis mosaxleobac gaqristianebula.<br />
qristianuli sarwmunoebis erTgulebas<br />
eparqiis teritoriaze SemorCenili<br />
adreuli xanis eklesia-monastrebis<br />
siuxve adasturebs, aseve _ wyalwiTelas<br />
xeobaSi, arabTa winaaRmdeg gamar-<br />
Tul brZolaSi daviT da konstantine<br />
mxeiZeebis mowamebrivi aRsasruli da<br />
sxva mravali istoriuli epizodi.<br />
qristianuli sarwmunoebis adreuli<br />
xanebidanve mtkiced damkvidrebis<br />
miuxedavad, es mxare damoukidebel sam-<br />
RvdelmTavrod XVI s-mde ar Camoyalibebula.<br />
XVI s-is pirvel meoTxedSi,<br />
imereTis mefis bagrat III (1510-1565 ww.)<br />
dros quTaTelis samwysos, sakuTriv<br />
imereTis teritoriaze, ori axali eparqia<br />
_ gaenaTi da xoni _ gamoeyo.<br />
gaenaTeli mRvdelmTavris kaTedra _<br />
gelaTi `pirvelad iyo monasteri, Semdgomad<br />
hyo bagrat saepiskoposod~.<br />
pirvel gaenaTel mRvdelmTavrad mefem<br />
imereTis `kaTalikoz-episkopozTa~<br />
TanxmobiT, `dasua sayuareliZe melqisedek,<br />
...romelsa misca samwysod argueTisa<br />
naxevari da okriba, quTaTlis<br />
samwysoni~. amdenad, okriba calke eparqiad<br />
mxolod XVI s-is 30-ian wlebSi<br />
gamoeyo quTaisis eparqias da axlad<br />
Seqmnili eparqiis sakaTedro taZari<br />
gelaTis yovladwmida RvTismSoblis<br />
saxelobis monasteri gaxda. Tumca,<br />
imave xanebSi, gelaTis monastris wmida<br />
giorgis eklesia,biWvinTidan dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikosis (evdemon<br />
CxetiZis dros, 1557_1578 ww.) rezidenciis<br />
gadmonacvlebiT, mis kaTedrad iqca.<br />
amiT gelaTSi dasavleT saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikosisa da gaenaTeli mRvdelm-<br />
Tavris kaTedrebi ganTavsda. imereTis<br />
samefos teritoriaze samRvdelmTavroTa<br />
amgvarma ganTavsebam gansxvavebuli,<br />
sruliad axleburi saeparqio-teritoriuli<br />
administracia Camoayaliba.<br />
TiTqmis ase grZeldeboda bolomde,<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
gauqmebamde. xangrZlivi<br />
drois manZilze ki, osmalebis quTais-<br />
Si Cadgomis Semdeg, gelaTi dasavleT<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikosis, sakuTriv<br />
gaenaTeli da aseve quTaTeli<br />
mRvdelmTavrebis rezidencia, kaTedra<br />
da TavSesafari iyo.<br />
mamulisa da qristianuli sarwmunoebis<br />
siwmindis dacvis mizniT,eparqiis<br />
teritoriaze aRsrulebul movlena-<br />
Tagan axlo warsulidan aRsaniSnavia<br />
tyibulis raionis s<strong>of</strong>el xresilTan<br />
gamarTuli didi brZola qarTvelTa,<br />
solomon I meTaurobiT, da osmalTa<br />
Soris 1757 wels, sadac qarTvelma mxedrobam<br />
brwyinvale gamarjveba moipova;<br />
imereTis 1819_20 ww. ajanyebaSi<br />
am kuTxis mosaxleoba aqtiurad iyo<br />
CarTuli da daufaravad gamoxatavda<br />
dasavleT saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefaliis<br />
SenarCunebis survils.<br />
axlad Camoyalibebuli eparqiis<br />
teritoriaze arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi<br />
adridanve mravali saeklesio<br />
siwmide iyo davanebuli.<br />
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-
lesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg,<br />
1917 wlis seqtemberSi gamarTul<br />
pirvel saeklesio krebaze, ganaxlebuli<br />
13 eparqiidan sami _ quTaisis, gaena-<br />
Tis da margveTis moicavda mTlianad<br />
imereTs. male quTaisisa da gaenaTis<br />
samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebi erT samwysod<br />
gaerTianda da quTais-gaenaTis<br />
eparqia ewoda. XX s-is bolomde imereTSi<br />
mxolod ori _ quTais-gaenaTisa<br />
da margveTis _ eparqia arsebobda. sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia<br />
II ZalisxmeviT, 1995 wels quTais-gaenaTisa<br />
da margveTis eparqiaTa safuZvelze<br />
Camoyalibda xonisa da samtrediis,<br />
vanisa da baRdaTis, saCxerisa da<br />
WiaTuris eparqiebi.<br />
2006 wlis 21 dekembers ki Camoyalibda<br />
tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqia.<br />
tyibulisa da Terjolis eparqiis<br />
mwyemsmTavaria maRalyovladusamRvdeloesi<br />
mitropoliti giorgi (SalamberiZe).<br />
194
ucnobi qarTuli monasteri wmida miwaze<br />
Tamila mgalobliSvili<br />
2002 wlis seqtemberSi, ierusalimis<br />
maxloblad, mis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT,<br />
s<strong>of</strong>. umleizonSi muSaobisas<br />
arqeologma jon zeligmanma mis mier<br />
aRmoCenili ucnobi monastris teritoriaze,<br />
amave monastris taZris mozaikuri<br />
iatakis qveS gaTxara kripta,<br />
sadac erT-erT samarxze Semonaxuli<br />
iyo saflavis qva warweriT (arqeologisaTvis<br />
ucnob enaze).<br />
a. w. 18 seqtembers jon zeligmanis<br />
miwveviT es ucnobi warwera vnaxeT<br />
giorgi gagoSiZem (xelovnebaTmcodne,<br />
epigrafisti), daviT cxadaZem (xelovnebaTmcodne,<br />
fotografi), laSa Jvaniam<br />
(israelSi saqarTvelos y<strong>of</strong>ili konsuli),<br />
paata gigaurma (moqandake) da<br />
me. Cvenda sasixarulod, igi aRmoCnda<br />
Zalze adreuli qarTuli warwera, romelic<br />
ase ikiTxeba:<br />
`ese samarxoÁ iohane furtavel<br />
episkoposisaY<br />
qarTvelisaÁ~<br />
paleografiuli analizis Sedegad,<br />
warwera V s-is dasasruliT an VI s-is<br />
I naxevriT SeiZleba daTariRdes. <br />
bir-el-katSi (beTlemTan) virjilio<br />
korbos mier aRmoCenil qar-<br />
Tul warwerebTan erTad, es warwera<br />
warweris paleografiuli analizi ekuTvnis<br />
g. gagoSiZes.<br />
V. Corbo and M. Tarchnishvili, Inscrizioni georgiane del<br />
monastero di S. Teodoro a Bir el Qutt (Bettlemme). -«La<br />
Terra Santa», 28, Jerusalem, 1953, 181-186; V. Corbo,<br />
Gli Scavi di Kh. Siyar el-Ghanam (Campo dei Pastori)<br />
ei monastery dei dintorni. - Pubblicazioni dello Studium<br />
195<br />
erT-erTi uZvelesia wm. miwaze.<br />
Tavdapirvelad Sevecdebi Zalze<br />
mokled mimovixilo is mcire cnobebi,<br />
romlebic wm. miwaze arabobamde qarTvelTa<br />
koloniis istorias exeba, raTa<br />
ufro naTeli gaxdes am warweris mniSvneloba<br />
ara marto qarTuli koloniis,<br />
aramed wm. miwaze adrebizantiur periodSi<br />
samonastro cxovrebis dawyebis,<br />
ganviTarebis da, saerTod, adreuli<br />
qristianobis istoriisaTvis.<br />
saqarTvelosa da wm. miwas Soris<br />
urTierTobebs qarTuli tradiciiT<br />
ocdaeqvsi saukunis istoria aqvs. magram<br />
es urTierTobebi gansakuTrebiT<br />
mWidro xdeba IV s-idan, saqarTveloSi<br />
Biblicum Franciscanum, 11, Gerusalêmme, 1955, 279-<br />
284; m. TarxniSvili, axlad aRmoCenili qarTuli<br />
monasteri beTlemSi. _ `bedi qar-<br />
Tlisa~, 16, 1954, 12-17; S. nucubiZe, qarTuli<br />
warwerebi ierusalimSi. _ gaz. `komunisti~,<br />
4. I, # 3(11309), Tbilisi, 1959; S. nucubiZe, kritikuli<br />
narkvevebi. azrovneba da Semoqmedeba,<br />
Tbilisi, 1966, 97-106, 107-124, 454-474; k. kekeliZe,<br />
uZvelesi qarTuli monasteri ierusalimis<br />
maxloblad da misi mozaikuri warwera. _ ix.<br />
misi: etiudebi,VI,Tbilisi,1960,72-80; k. kekeliZe,<br />
Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I,<br />
Tbilisi, 1980, 39,89; s. yauxCiSvili, qarTlis<br />
cxovreba,t. II,Tbilisi,1959,058-062; g. wereTeli,<br />
uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi palestinidan,<br />
Tbilisi, 1960; a. gamyreliZe, uZvelesi<br />
qarTuli warwerebis aRmoCena palestina-<br />
Si. _`literaturuli gazeTi~, 15. VI, 1956, #<br />
24(986); b. giorgaZe, palestinaSi aRmoCenili<br />
qarTuli kulturis IV-V ss. Zeglis Sesaxeb.<br />
_`sabWoTa xelovneba~, 1959, # 12, 33-38 da a.S.<br />
s. yauxCiSvili,qarTlis cxovreba,t. I,Tbilisi,<br />
1955, 72-130.
qristianobis <strong>of</strong>icialurad aRiarebis<br />
Semdeg. am periodidan dawyebuli, qarTvelebi<br />
didi gatacebiT Seudgnen<br />
qristianuli kulturis gacnobasa<br />
da axlad daarsebuli eklesiisaTvis<br />
saWiro literaturis Targmnasa da<br />
gavrcelebas. am mizniT qarTuli eklesiis<br />
moRvaweTa da qarTvel mefeTa<br />
didi mcdelobiT Seiqmna samwerlobo<br />
da mTargmnelobiTi centrebi, qarTuli<br />
kulturis mniSvnelovani kerebi rogorc<br />
saqarTveloSi, aseve mis farglebs<br />
gareTac.<br />
axlad gaqristianebuli saxelmwifos<br />
mosaxleobisaTvis gansakuTrebuli<br />
iyo palestinis wm. adgilebis moxilvisa<br />
da molocvis survili. Sedegmac<br />
ar daayovna _ rogorc Cans, IV s-is<br />
meore naxevridan palestinaSi pirveli<br />
qarTvelebi Cndebian, V_VI ss-Si ki<br />
maTi eqspansia sakmaod Zlieria. <br />
<br />
zogierTi mecnieris azriT, evagre pontoeli<br />
pirveli qarTveli beria palestinaSi. ix.<br />
r. Janeni, qarTvelebi ierusalimSi, stamboli,<br />
1921, 11; m. TarxniSvili, qarTuli xelovnebis<br />
naSTi egvipteSi. _ `bedi qarTlisa~, 11, 1952,<br />
25; M. Tarchnishvili, Il monachismo georgiano nelle sue<br />
origine e nei suoi primi sviluppi’. _ Il monachismo orientale,<br />
Roma, 1958, 307-319; k. kekeliZe, meoTxe saukunis<br />
sazRvargareTeli qarTveli moazrovne<br />
da moRvawe. _ ix. misi: etiudebi, VI, Tbilisi,<br />
1960, 5-17; J. Assfalg and P. Krüger, Kleines Wörterbuch<br />
des Christlichen Orients, Wiesbaden 1975, 139; P.N.<br />
Egender, OSB, Les Débuts du Monachisme en Palestine.<br />
Ancient Christianity in the Caucasus. _ «Iberica Caucasica»,<br />
vol. 1, London, 1998, 132; ix. aseve: s. yaux-<br />
CiSvili, georgika. bizantieli mwerlebis<br />
cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, t. VII, Tbilisi,<br />
1967, 107-117; IV s-is dasasrulsa da V s-is dasawyisSi<br />
wm. miwaze qarTvelTa moRvaweobaze<br />
unda migviTiTebdes aseve nazareTSi xarebis<br />
axali kaTolikuri eklesiis adgilas V s-<br />
is pirvel naxevramde dangreuli eklesiis<br />
Selesilobaze Sesrulebuli grafitebi, ix.<br />
z. aleqsiZe, luvri, sinas mTa, nazareTi. epigrafikuli<br />
etiudebi. _ kreb. `mneme~, Tbilisi,<br />
2000, 18-25.<br />
l. menabde, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi,<br />
t. II, Tbilisi, 1980, 20-25; iv. lolaSvili,<br />
cxovreba petre iberisa, Tbilisi, 1988, 79-203;<br />
i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli<br />
literaturis Zeglebi, wg. II, Tbilisi, 1967,<br />
213-263.<br />
Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebi mkvidrdebodnen<br />
cnobil savaneebSi, qmnidnen<br />
sakrebuloebs, aSenebdnen Camosul<br />
qarTvelTaTvis sastumro saxlebs.<br />
ierusalimis pirveli mlocvelebi<br />
iyvnen qarTuli samefo saxlisa da<br />
aristokratiis warmomadgenlebi. qarTvelebi<br />
RvTismsaxurebas TavianT<br />
mSobliur enaze asrulebdnen ara marto<br />
qarTlSi (iberia), aramed palestinaSic,<br />
sabas lavraSi, razedac mowmobs<br />
wm. saba ganwmedilis anderZic (+532<br />
w.). <br />
aqve uTuod sainteresoa aRiniSnos<br />
isic, rom V s-idan moyolebuli X s-<br />
mde,aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (iberia)<br />
RvTismsaxurebis ierusalimuri wesi<br />
moqmedebda. aseve kargad aris cnobili,<br />
rom pirveli liturgikuli wignebic<br />
(ierusalimuri leqcionari, uZvelesi<br />
iadgari da mravalTavi), romlebsac<br />
qarTuli eklesia RvTismsaxurebisas<br />
iyenebda mSobliur enaze, V_VII ssis<br />
ierusalimuri (qristes saflavis<br />
eklesiis) praqtikis amsaxveli iyo. <br />
V_VI ss-Si palestinaSi qarTvel-<br />
Ta moZraobis geografia TandaTan<br />
farTovdeba. qarTvelebs vxvdebiT ara<br />
marto ierusalimsa da mis SemogarenSi,<br />
aramed palestinis udabnoebSi im droisaTvis<br />
ukve dafuZnebul monastrebsa<br />
da lavrebSi, aseve maT mier agebul, sakuTriv,<br />
qarTul monastrebSi.<br />
wm. miwaze saqarTvelodan mosul<br />
momlocvelTa Tu mogzaurTa raodenoba,<br />
rogorc Cans, imdenad didi iyo,<br />
rom petre iberis qarTuli `cxorebis~<br />
Tanaxmad, petre iberi ara marto monas-<br />
196<br />
k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, I,<br />
38-39; l. menabde, kerebi, 26.<br />
ix. K. Kekelidze, Иерусалимски ерусалиски анонарь, Канонарь, анонарь, анонарь, и- и- и- и- и- Тифлис,191;<br />
,1912; M. van Esbroeck, Les plus anciens homéliaires<br />
géorgiens, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1975; e. metreveli,<br />
c. Wankievi, l. xevsuriani, uZvelesi iadgari,<br />
Tbilisi, 1980; T. mgalobliSvili, klarjuli<br />
mravalTavi, Tbilisi, 1991.<br />
K. Kekelidze, Канонарь; e. metreveli,c. Wankievi,l.<br />
xevsuriani,uZvelesi iadgari; T. mgalobliSvili,<br />
klarjuli mravalTavi, 165-190.
trebsa da eklesiebs aSenebda, aramed<br />
mas sastumro saxlebis aSenebac ki<br />
dasWirda wm. qalaqSi.<br />
ai,rogor gadmogvcems am faqts `cxorebis~<br />
qarTuli versia: petre iberma<br />
da ioane lazma... `aRaSenes saxli sastumroY<br />
qalaqsa Sina (igulisxmeba wm.<br />
qalaqi), da ganusuenebdes momavalTa<br />
ZmaTa qarTvelTa da berZenTa. rameTu<br />
ganhmzades ferxTa sabaneli da trapezi<br />
da sareclebi da warages zogi<br />
ganZisa mis, romel aqunda sameufoYT.<br />
da merme warvides udabnod, da<br />
Sekribnes Zmani mravlad da aRaSenes<br />
monasteri TÂsisaTÂs.~ <br />
amave qarTuli `cxorebis~ mixedviT,<br />
petre, iovane da maTi mowafeni<br />
`warviden egÂpted sanaxebTa skitisa-<br />
Ta.~ moiloces iqauroba, Semdeg gamoarCies<br />
erTi adgili da aRaSenes monasteri<br />
da eklesia. xolo Semdeg `kualad<br />
moiqces ierusalimadve da kualad<br />
aRaSenes qalaqsa Sina saxli sastumroÁ.~<br />
<br />
petre iberis asurul `cxorebaSi~,<br />
romelic pirvandeli saxiT ar<br />
gvaqvs da misi gadamuSavebuli versiaa<br />
Semonaxuli, aRniSnulia mxolod monastrebis<br />
mSenebloba da ara sastumro<br />
saxlebisa. <br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc ukve<br />
iTqva, dReisaTvis petre iberis `cxorebis~<br />
ori versiaa Semonaxuli (qar-<br />
Tuli da siriuli), mainc Zalze mwiria<br />
cnobebi ara marto am periodSi wm. miwaze<br />
moRvawe qarTvelTa Sesaxeb, aramed<br />
TviT petre iberis moRvaweobis<br />
aRsadgenadac. faqtobrivad, TviT mis<br />
mier aSenebuli monastrebis moZieba<br />
da identifikaciac ki jerjerobiT<br />
sakmaod rTuli problemaa.<br />
aseve mwiria uZvelesi qarTuli da<br />
sxvaenovani wyaroebis cnobebi, zogadad,<br />
qarTvelTa aRmSeneblobis Sesaxe-<br />
il. abulaZe, Zeglebi, II, 229.<br />
il. abulaZe, Zeglebi, II, 235.<br />
iv. lolaSvili, cxovreba petre iberisa, 79-203.<br />
197<br />
bac. raRa Tqma unda, amas obieqturi<br />
safuZvelic gaaCnia, bevri ram gaqra<br />
da ganadgurda sparselTa Semosevisa<br />
(VI s.) Tu arabTa batonobis Sedegad<br />
(VII_XI ss.). ase rom, arabobamdeli periodis<br />
qristianuli Zeglebis migneba<br />
Tu maTi raobis dadgena dRes sakmaod<br />
rTuli problemaa Tanamedrove mecnierebisaTvis.<br />
am mxriv gansakuTrebul interess<br />
iwvevs qarTveli mogzaurisa da mecnieris<br />
_ timoTe gabaSvilis (XVIII s.)<br />
cnobebi wm. jvris monastris kedlis<br />
mxatvrobis Sesaxeb, romlebic misi `mimoslvis~<br />
teqstSia daculi. <br />
1758 wels wm. miwaze mogzaurobisas,<br />
timoTe gabaSvilma wm. jvris monaster-<br />
Si ixila qarTvel wm. mamaTa da mowameTa<br />
jgufuri gamosaxuleba warwerebiTurT.<br />
maTi naSTi nikoloz CubinaSvilsac<br />
(XX s.) unaxavs. mniSvnelovania<br />
aRiniSnos, rom am jgufuri gamosaxulebidan<br />
mTeli rigi istoriuli<br />
pirebis identifikacia SesaZlebelia,<br />
magram nawili aq CamoTvlili mamebisa<br />
savsebiT ucnobia. el. metrevelis<br />
varaudiT, imis gamo, rom am pirTa saxelebi<br />
ar dasturdeba qarTul liturgikul<br />
da hagiografiul ZeglebSi,maTi<br />
popularoba, rogorc Cans, palestinis<br />
qarTuli koloniis sazRvrebs ar<br />
gascdenia. xolo maTi mouxsenebloba<br />
ierusalimis jvris monastris saaRape<br />
krebulSi,albaT,imaze unda metyvelebdes,<br />
rom isini im periodis moRvaweni<br />
unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyvnen, rodesac jer kidev<br />
wesad ar iyo qarTvel moRvaweTa Rvawlis<br />
werilobiTi fiqsacia. rogorc<br />
el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili – ,,mimoslva’”,<br />
Tbilisi, 1956, 85-86; el. metreveli, masalebi<br />
ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis istoriisaTvis,<br />
Tbilisi, 1962, 60.<br />
el. metreveli,timoTe gabaSvili,– ,,mimoslva”,<br />
82-86; el. metreveli, masalebi, 59-68.<br />
Н. Чубинов, Описание Крестного Монастыря близ Иерусалима.<br />
- Сведения, т. , , вып. , , III, , 45-4. 45-4. 45-46. 45-4.<br />
el. metreveli, masalebi, 60-61; ix. aseve ioane<br />
batoniSvili, kalmasoba, II, 184.<br />
el. metreveli, masalebi, 60-61.
cnobilia, es tradicia ierusalimur<br />
qarTul TemSi SedarebiT gvian, XI s-<br />
idan damkvidrda, proxore SavSelis<br />
mier wm. jvris monastris aSenebis Semdgom<br />
da pirveli, vinc am krebulSi<br />
moixsenieba proxore SavSelia, monastris<br />
aRmaSenebeli, mis mier gaweuli<br />
didi Rvawlis gamo. Tumca aseve ver<br />
gamovricxavT imasac, rom ierusalimis<br />
qarTuli koloniis istoriis amsaxveli<br />
masalebi aseve ganadgurebuliyo<br />
arabobis Jams.<br />
ai, timoTe gabaSvilis mier jvris<br />
monasterSi dafiqsirebuli wm. mamebisa<br />
da mowameTa saxelebi, romlebic Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia V_X ss-Si moRvaweobdnen wm.<br />
miwaze:<br />
`mRvdelmowame mose qarTveli<br />
mari mRvdelmowame qarTveli<br />
episkoposi kind qarTveli<br />
episkoposi nunus qarTveli~ <br />
am siidan arc erTi saxeli ar Cans<br />
qarTul wyaroebSi. erT-erTi maTgani<br />
mxolod somxur wyaroSi dasturdeba:<br />
VII s-is palestinis monastrebis aRwerilobaSi<br />
somexi avtori somxur<br />
monastrebTan erTad asaxelebs netari<br />
kindis monasters iodasafis udabnos<br />
misasvlelTan. xsenebuli somxuri wyaros<br />
gamomcemeli R. aliSani netari<br />
kindis Sesaxeb verafers ambobs garda<br />
imisa, rom misi varaudiT, igi SeiZleba<br />
IV s-is meore naxevris moRvawe iyos,<br />
wm. nerses mowafe. dReisaTvis, ra Tqma<br />
unda, Zalze Znelia zemoxsenebuli ori<br />
kindis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, magram<br />
amjerad, albaT, isic sainteresoa, rom<br />
VII s-is somxur wyaroSi dafiqsirebulia<br />
netari kindi da misi saxelobis<br />
monasteri.<br />
el. metreveli, masalebi, 61; ix. jvris monastris<br />
koleqciis xelnaweri ier. 24-25; R.<br />
Blake, Catalogue de manuscrits géorgiens de la bibliothèque<br />
patriarchal grécque de Jérusalem. - «Revue de<br />
l’Orient Chrétien», 4, 24, 4, 194. 1924. 194.<br />
el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili _ `mimoslva~,<br />
85-86; el. metreveli, masalebi, 60.<br />
Archive de L’Orient Latin, II, Paris, 1884, 394-399.<br />
198<br />
bunebrivia, wm. jvris monastris qarTvel<br />
wm. mamaTa da mowameTa sia sruli<br />
ar aris. amaze metyvelebs Tundac is,<br />
rom samuel qarTveli episkoposis saxeli<br />
zemoxsenebul siaSi ar Cans. magram<br />
misi saxeli dasturdeba berZnulenovani<br />
saflavis qvaze, romelic wm. qalaqis<br />
galavnis gareT SemTxveviT aRmoCnda<br />
mSeneblobisas. samuel episkoposis<br />
monasteri, warweris mixedviT, daviTis<br />
koSkTan mdebareobda, iafos karibWes-<br />
Tan, xolo TviT warwera samuzeumo pasportis<br />
mixedviT V_VII ss-iT TariRdeba<br />
da dRes,ierusalimSi, rokfeleris<br />
muzeumSia daculi (Tumca Cemi varaudiT,<br />
warweris wakiTxva da misi TariRi,<br />
albaT, ufro dasazustebelia).<br />
amrigad, cxadia, rom V s-idan qarTvelebi<br />
sakmaod iyvnen wm. miwaze.<br />
amas adasturebs ara marto petre<br />
iberis `cxorebis~ qarTul-siriuli<br />
versiebi, aramed zemoaRniSnuli jvris<br />
monastris dReisaTvis ganadgurebuli<br />
kedlis mxatvrobis mniSvnelovani<br />
nawilic, romelic timoTe gabaSvilis<br />
aRwerilobiT aris SemorCenili. <br />
amasve adasturebs wm. gerasime iordanelisa<br />
da misi monastris Sesaxeb<br />
Semonaxuli ramdenime bizantiuri wyaroc,<br />
romelTa mixedviTac iudeisa<br />
da iordanes udabnoSi moRvawe berebs<br />
Soris jvarosnebamde da jvarosan-<br />
Ta Semdegac iyvnen qarTveli (iberieli)<br />
berebi, mesveteebic ki, romlebic<br />
gamorCeulni iyvnen Tavisi rwmeniTa da<br />
RmrTisadmi msaxurebiT. maTTan kontaqts,<br />
miaxloebasac ki morwmuneTaTvis<br />
didi sulieri sargebeli mohqonda.<br />
aqvea cnobebi im qarTveli berebis<br />
Sesaxebac, romlebic kalamonSi cxovrobdnen.<br />
gansakuTrebiT aRniSnulia<br />
maTi Rvawli kalamonis monastrisa da<br />
J.H. Iliffe, Cemeteries and a Monastery at the Y.M.C.A.,<br />
Jerusalem, QDAP 4, 1935, 78-80; Y. Israeli, D. Mevorah,<br />
Cradle <strong>of</strong> Christianity, Jerusalem, 2000, 173, 224.<br />
Y. Israeli, D. Mevorah, Cradle <strong>of</strong> Christianity, 173, 224.<br />
el. metreveli, timoTe gabaSvili _ `mimoslva~,<br />
82-83.
iordanes udabnoSi wm. gerasime iordanelis<br />
saxelTan dakavSirebuli wm.<br />
adgilebis gadasarCenad, rac maTTvis<br />
SesaZlebeli iyo mamluqebTan da baRdadis<br />
xalifebTan kargi urTierTobis<br />
gamo. aseve Semonaxulia cnobebi kalamonis<br />
monastris kedlebze qarTuli<br />
warwerebis arsebobis Sesaxeb jvarosnebamdel<br />
periodSiac ki. <br />
palestinis udabnoebSi qarTvel-<br />
Ta moRvaweoba did interess iwvevda<br />
mudam qarTvelologiur Tu adreul<br />
qristianobaze momuSave samecniero<br />
wreebSi, gansakuTrebiT, albaT, iudeis<br />
udabno unda gamoiyos. aq samonastro<br />
cxovrebis dawyebisTanave, ukve IV s-<br />
idan iudeis udabnoSi ganmartoeba<br />
Tu damkvidreba _ monastrebisa da<br />
lavrebis dafuZneba yvela erovnebis<br />
qristianisaTvis udidesi pativi da<br />
ocneba iyo. V s-idan moyolebuli ki,<br />
iudeis udabno, qristianul samyaroSi,<br />
faqtobrivad, samonastro cxovrebis<br />
umniSvnelovanes centrad gadaiqca.<br />
imis gamo, rom am periodis amsaxveli<br />
werilobiTi wyaroebi Zalze cotaa<br />
Semonaxuli, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />
arqeologias eniWeba. iudeis udabnoSi<br />
arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dawyeba<br />
1928 wlidan britaneli istorikosis<br />
derves SCitis saxels ukavSirdeba. <br />
Semdeg aq muSaobdnen cnobili franciskeli<br />
mecnierebi: virjilio korbo<br />
da belarmino bagati. 1967 wlidan ki<br />
ukve israeleli arqeologebi iwyeben<br />
aqtiur muSaobas da STambeWdav Sede-<br />
J. Wilkinson, J. Hill, W.F. Ryan, Jerusalem Pilgrimage,<br />
1099-1185, London, 1988, 330-331; St. Gerasimus Jordanian<br />
and his Holy Monastery, Larnaca, Cyprus, 2001<br />
(in Greek).<br />
St. Gerasimus Jordanian, 45.<br />
D.J. Chitty, A.H.M. Jones, The Church <strong>of</strong> St. Euthymius<br />
at Khan el-Ahmar, near Jerusalem. - PEFQS, 1928, 175-<br />
178; D.J. Chitty, Excavations at the Monastery <strong>of</strong> St. Euthymius.<br />
- PEFQS, 1930, 43-7; 150-153; D.J. Chitty, The<br />
Monastery <strong>of</strong> Euthymius. - PEFQS, 1932, 188-203; Y.<br />
Hirschfeld, The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine<br />
Period, 1992, 2-6.<br />
ix. Y. Hirschfeld, The Judean Desert, 6.<br />
199<br />
gebsac aRweven. marTalia, es gaTxrebi<br />
Zalze masStaburad mimdinareobda da<br />
mimdinareobs, magram, samwuxarod, qar-<br />
Tuli Zeglebis specialuri kvleva aq,<br />
faqtobrivad, arasodes xdeboda.<br />
am mxriv, ierusalimis maxloblad,<br />
iudeis udabnos dasawyisSi, Tanamedrove<br />
arabul s<strong>of</strong>el umleizonSi<br />
jon zeligmanis mier gamovlenili<br />
masala sruliad unikaluria. faqtobrivad,<br />
jon zeligmanis mier dRemde<br />
ucnobi qarTuli monastris aRmoCenis<br />
faqti virjilio korbos mier bir-elkatSi<br />
petre iberis monastris aRmoCenis<br />
tolfasia da mas, udavod, didi<br />
mniSvneloba unda mieniWos. piradad<br />
CvenTvis ki, qarTveli mecnierebisaTvis,<br />
didi bednierebaa, rom am aRmoCenis<br />
monawileni gavxdiT.<br />
axla, rac Seexeba warweras:<br />
warwera paleografiuli analizis<br />
safuZvelze V s-is dasasruliTa da VI<br />
s-is dasawyisiT TariRdeba; mis arqaulobaze<br />
unda metyvelebdes aseve masSi<br />
Semonaxuli saxelic _ `iohane~.<br />
uZvelesi qarTuli werilobiTi<br />
Zeglebis kvlevis Sedegad dRes savsebiT<br />
dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom<br />
am saxelis forma _ `iohane~ _ qarTul<br />
teqstebSi V s-idan VII s-is naxevramde<br />
dasturdeba (ix. xanmeti leqcionari,<br />
xanmeti mravalTavi, xanmeti oTxTavi<br />
da a. S.). mxolod VII s-is meore naxevridan<br />
Cndeba forma _ `ioane~. <br />
ase rom, Cvens warweraSi damowmebuli<br />
forma _ `iohane~ _ am warweris<br />
arqaulobaze metyvelebs da, Sesabamisad,<br />
mis TariRs V_VII ss-s Soris aTavsebs.<br />
qarTuli da ucxouri werilobiTi<br />
wyaroebidan adrebizantiuri periodis<br />
(IV_VIII ss.) palestinaSi moRvawe qarTvelTa<br />
Soris ucnobia iohane fur-<br />
ix. Y. Hirschfeld, The Judean Desert, 6; ix. aseve: E.<br />
Stern, The New Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> Archaeological Excavations<br />
in the Holy Land, Jerusalem, 1993, 1,2, 3, 4.<br />
e. WeliZe, Zveli qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo<br />
terminologia, I, Tbilisi, 1996, 286-291.
tavel episkoposis saxeli.<br />
umleizonis warweraSi gansakuTrebul<br />
interess iwvevs iohane qarTveli<br />
episkoposis zedwodeba `furtaveli~.<br />
iohane furtavel episkoposTan<br />
dakavSirebiT qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis<br />
maSinve Cndeba cduneba, igi ioane<br />
curtavel episkoposis (V s.) saxelTan<br />
gaaigivos. Tumca, Cemi azriT, `curtavi~<br />
da `furtavi~ sruliad gansxvavebuli<br />
saxelwodebebia, romelTagan pirveli<br />
saqarTvelos ukavSirdeba, meore ki _<br />
palestinas. `curtavis~ etimologia<br />
dRemde bundovania, `furtavi~ ki, Cemi<br />
varaudiT, wm. miwaze arsebuli, adgilobrivi<br />
_ semituri _ warmoSobis saxeli<br />
unda iyos. es faqti gamonakliss ar<br />
warmoadgens wm. miwis qarTuli koloniis<br />
istoriisaTvis, sadac dasturdeba<br />
ara marto sakuTriv qarTuli warmoebis<br />
saxelebi,rogoricaa,mag.,devTubani<br />
(kompoziti), aramed semituri warmoSobisac,<br />
mag., dertavi/deltavi, dertufa<br />
(aseve kompozitebi). <br />
vfiqrob,Cems varauds ganamtkicebs<br />
isic,rom warweris teqstSi iohane furtavel<br />
episkoposis saxelTan miTiTebulia<br />
misi erovnebac: `qarTvelisaÁ~. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi, konkretulad, xsenebuli<br />
saxelis _ `qarTvelisaÁs~ _ qveS, Cemi<br />
fiqriT, mxolod da mxolod iberieli<br />
ivaraudeba, e. i. warmoSobiT qarTveli,<br />
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saxelmwifos<br />
(iberiis) mkvidri. amasTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
uTuod mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos,<br />
rom es gaxlavT am terminis, e.i. `qarTvelis~<br />
uZvelesi damowmeba. qarTul<br />
werilobiT wyaroebSi igi mxolod VII<br />
ix. il. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli<br />
literaturis Zeglebi, wg. I, Tbilisi, 1964,<br />
11-29.<br />
T. ceraZe, devTubani – qarTvelTa samoRvaweo<br />
ucnobi kera wm. miwaze. _ `mravalTavi~, XX,<br />
Tbilisi, 2003, 179-182.<br />
ix. el. metreveli, dertavisa da deretufas<br />
xelnawerebis irgvliv. _ aRmosavluri<br />
filologia, IV, Tbilisi, 1976, 74-89; el. metreveli,<br />
masalebi, 174.<br />
s-idan Cndeba. vfiqrob,es faqti ucnaurad<br />
ar unda mogveCvenos, radgan TviT<br />
Cveni erovnuli welTaRricxvac _`qarTuli<br />
dasabamidan” saqarTveloSi IX<br />
s-idan Cndeba, wm. miwaze ki ukve V_VI<br />
ss-idan dasturdeba <br />
Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts,<br />
rom monasteri qarTulia, monastris<br />
kriptaSi sxva samarxTagan gamoy<strong>of</strong>ilia<br />
da sruli pativiT aris dakrZaluli<br />
qarTveli episkoposi iohane, romlis<br />
saflavis qvis warwerac qarTulenovania,<br />
maSin savsebiT gaugebaria, ratom gaxda<br />
saWiro qarTuli monastris qarTulenovani<br />
saflavis warweraSi qarTveli<br />
episkoposis erovnebis ganmarteba. xom ar<br />
ukavSirdeba es iohane episkoposis zedwodebis<br />
problemas. zedwodeba `furtaveli~<br />
saqarTveloSi miRebul saxelwodebas<br />
rom warmoadgendes, xolo Tavad iohane<br />
episkoposi ki saqarTvelos romelime<br />
kuTxeSi arsebuli monastris episkoposi<br />
y<strong>of</strong>iliyo,am SemTxvevaSi xsenebul warweraSi<br />
episkoposis erovnebis dafiqsireba<br />
qarTuli monastris qarTul warweraSi<br />
CemTvis auxsnelia. magram,Tu vivaraudebT,<br />
rom es zedwodeba (`furtaveli~) wm. miwaze<br />
SeZenilia da, Tanac, araqarTuli<br />
warmoSobisaa,maSin,albaT,ufro gasagebi<br />
gaxdeba ucxoenovani saxelis mqone qarTuli<br />
monastris qarTul warweraSi<br />
qarTveli episkoposis warmomavlobis<br />
dafiqsireba.<br />
am warwerisgan gansxvavebiT,samuel<br />
qarTveli episkoposis berZnulenovani<br />
saflavis qvis warweraSi samuel episkoposis<br />
qarTvelobis (iberielobis)<br />
200<br />
d. musxeliSvili, qarTvelTa TviTsaxelwodebis<br />
istoriisaTvis. _ kr.: saqarTvelosa<br />
da qarTvelebis aRmniSvneli ucxouri da<br />
qarTuli terminologia, Tbilisi, 1993, 337-376;<br />
d. musxeliSvili, qarTvelTa eTnogenezis<br />
problemisaTvis. _ qarTveli xalxis eTnogenezi,<br />
Tbilisi, 2002,5-17.<br />
L.Segni, The Beit Safafa Inscription Reconsidered and the<br />
Question <strong>of</strong> a Local Era in Jerusalem. _ Israel Exploration<br />
Journal, v.43, 1993, 157-: L. D. Segni, A <strong>Georgia</strong>n<br />
Chronological system in the sixth-century Jerusalem,<br />
1997, 1-8, gamouqveynebeli.
miTiTeba, Cemi fiqriT, savsebiT gasagebia<br />
da ai, ratom:<br />
Tavdapirvelad moviyvan samuel<br />
episkoposis saflavis berZnulenovani<br />
warweris teqstis Targmans:<br />
`ese samarxi samuel qarTveli (ber-<br />
Zn. iberieli) episkoposisa, romelic<br />
iyo daviTis koSkSi qarTvelTa (iber-<br />
Ta) mier SeZenili qarTvelTa (iberTa)<br />
monastris episkoposi~. <br />
vfiqrob naTelia, rom am warweraSi<br />
saubaria petre iberis mier wm. qalaqSi,<br />
daviTis koSkTan daarsebul iberTa monasterze,<br />
magram samuel episkoposis samarxi<br />
saflavis warweriani qviT aRmoCenil<br />
iqna daviTis koSkis maxloblad, wm.<br />
qalaqis, iafos karibWis gareT, saerTo<br />
qristianul sasaflaoze. am SemTxvevaSi,<br />
savsebiT gasagebia, rom monastrisa da,<br />
saerTod, Zveli qalaqis kedlis gareT<br />
arsebul sasaflaoze saflavis qvaze<br />
warwera berZnul enaze gakeTebuliyo,<br />
rac bunebrivia qristianuli palestinisaTvis.<br />
gasagebia isic, rom am ber-<br />
Znulenovan teqstSi aseve dafiqsirebuliyo<br />
ara marto episkoposis saxeli da<br />
erovneba, aramed miTiTebuli y<strong>of</strong>iliyo<br />
TviT monastris adgilmdebareoba da<br />
misi saxelic _ qarTvelTa (iberTa).<br />
am ori qarTveli episkoposis saflavis<br />
qvebis warweraTa gaTvaliswinebis<br />
Sedegad umleizonis warweraSi dadasturebuli<br />
iohane qarTveli episkoposis<br />
zedwodeba `furtaveli~ ufro adgilobrivi<br />
_ semituri _ warmoSobisad<br />
meCveneba. es zedwodeba, albaT, furtavidan<br />
aris nawarmoebi, rac, SesaZlebelia,<br />
monastris saxeli iyo, Tumca verc<br />
imas gamovricxav, rom igi, TavisTavad,<br />
am adgilTan dakavSirebuli Zveli toponimidanac<br />
momdinareobdes.<br />
Tumca aqve arsebobda aseve garkveuli<br />
cduneba,rom umleizonis warweraSi<br />
moxseniebuli `furtaveli~ episkoposi<br />
`epistoleTa wignSi~ dasaxelebuli<br />
`forTis~ (somx. porta) episkoposTan<br />
damekavSirebina. `forTis~ episkoposis<br />
Y. Israeli, D. Mevorah, Cradle <strong>of</strong> Christianity, 173.<br />
201<br />
xseneba Semonaxulia abraam somexTa<br />
kaTalikosis,kiron qarTlis kaTolikosisadmi<br />
miweril mesame epistoleSi, sadac<br />
mocemulia qarTvelTa, kavkasiel<br />
albanelTa da sivnielTa episkoposebis<br />
sia, romlebic dvinis 506 wlis krebas<br />
eswrebodnen. magram imis gamo, rom am<br />
epistoles somxuri teqstis safuZvlad<br />
gamoyenebulia misi somxuri wyaros _<br />
dvinis krebis `pirobis wignis~ _ ber-<br />
Znuli Targmani, nacvlad dakarguli<br />
somxuri originalisa, xsenebul epistoleSi<br />
Zalze damaxinjebulia saepiskoposoTa<br />
saxelebi da bevri maTganis,<br />
iseve rogorc `forTis~ saepiskoposos<br />
identifikacia sruliad SeuZlebelia. <br />
yovelive amis gamo, `furtavi~,<br />
`furtavelis~ etimologiis Ziebisas<br />
Cemi yuradReba SevaCere mxolod or<br />
semitur sityvaze, romelTagan<br />
erTia _ ebr. Phura _ sawnaxeli,WurWeli,<br />
romelSiac yurZeni fexiT iwureba;<br />
meore ki _ aram. Phurta _ patara,<br />
mcire (dididan gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili mcire er-<br />
Teuli, nawili).<br />
ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:<br />
1. ebr. Phura _ sawnaxeli <br />
Tu qarTuli furtavis warmoqmnis<br />
safuZvlad miviCnevT ebr. Phura-s, maSin<br />
unda moiZebnos furtavis meore nawilis<br />
_ tav-is wyaro. vfiqrob, am SemTxvevaSi<br />
es SeiZleba iyos arameuli tav, rac wmidas,<br />
kargs, kurTxeuls niSnavs. <br />
Tu davuSvebT, rom qarTuli `furtavi~<br />
kompozitia, romelic Sedgenilia<br />
ebraul-arameuli sityvebisagan Phura +<br />
Tav, sadac Phura-Si bolokiduri a qar-<br />
TulisaTvis bunebrivad amovardeba, ma-<br />
Sin miviRebT Phurtav-s _ qarT. furtavi,<br />
rac,albaT,niSnavda wm. sawnaxels an wm.<br />
sawnaxelis adgils, saidanac SeiZleba<br />
nawarmoebi iyos monastris saxelic.<br />
z. aleqsiZe, epistoleTa wigni, Tbilisi, 1968, 97.<br />
z. aleqsiZe, epistoleTa wigni, 161-162.<br />
A. Even-Shoshan, Explanatory Dictionary, Jerusalem, 1999;<br />
F.A. Shapiro, Ivrit-Russian Dictionary, Moscow, 1963.<br />
J. Rayne Smith D.D., A Compendious Syriac. Dictionary<br />
founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus, Oxford, 1973.
amasTan dakavSirebiT uTuod mniSvnelovania<br />
aRiniSnos, rom Phura bibliaSi<br />
ramdenjerme gvxvdeba sawnaxlis<br />
mniSvnelobiT. moviyvan mxolod erT<br />
magaliTs _ esaia 63, 2-3:<br />
`ratom aris wiTeli Seni talavari<br />
da Seni samoseli sawnaxelSi dawuruliviT?<br />
me marto vwuravdi Rvinos da xalx-<br />
Tagan aravin iyo CemTan. vwuravdi Cemi<br />
risxvisas da vwnexavdi Cemi mZvinvarebisas,da<br />
misi sisxli moesxura Cems samosels<br />
da SevbRale Cemi talavari~. <br />
sainteresoa, rom bibliis zogier-<br />
Ti komentatoris azriT, sawnaxelsa da<br />
masSi yurZnis wurvas simboluri mniSvneloba<br />
unda hqondes, rac gulisxmobs<br />
RmrTis mtrebis dasjas. <br />
vfiqrob, SeiZleba swored am simboluri<br />
mniSvnelobis gavleniT gvxvdeba<br />
ebr. Phura (sawnaxeli) Semdegi<br />
arabizebuli toponimebis ZirebSi, rogoricaa:<br />
Kh. el Fureihiyye (boloSi damatebuli<br />
aqvs arabuli warmomavlobis sufiqsi).<br />
es toponimi niSnavs sawnaxlis nangrevebs.<br />
aq aris mavzoleumi, igi mdebareobs<br />
samariaSi. <br />
meore aris Kh. Fureir _ fureiris<br />
nangrevebi.<br />
orive toponimis Ziri aris Phur (Phr,<br />
Fr). sainteresoa isic, rom arqeologiuri<br />
gaTxrebis Sedegad jon zeligmanma<br />
am adgilze daadastura aseve adreromauli<br />
periodis ebrauli kvalic.<br />
iqneb, am adgils ebraelTaTvis, marTlac,<br />
es saxeli _ `furtavi~, rogorc<br />
wm. sawnaxlis adgili erqva, romelic<br />
arabobis Semdgom Semogvinaxa mxolod<br />
qarTulma warweram.<br />
А.П. Лопухин, Толковая библия, , , Петербург, 1987, 197, 197,<br />
526-527.<br />
А.П. Лопухин, Толковая библия, , , 5-57. 526-527. 5-57.<br />
Y. Tsafrir, L. Di Segni, J. Green, Tabula Imperii Romani, Iudaea-Palaestina.<br />
Maps and Gazetteer, Jerusalem, 1994, 125.<br />
Y. Tsafrir, L. Di Segni, J. Green, Tabula Imperii Romani, 125.<br />
202<br />
Tu es varaudi simarTlesTan axlos<br />
aris, maSin SeiZleba gvefiqra, rom palestinaSi<br />
erT-erTi qarTuli monastris<br />
saxeli _ `dertavic~ kompozits warmoadgens,<br />
arabuli Dār, Deir-is da arameuli<br />
tav-isagan Sedgenils, rac unda niSnavdes<br />
wmida (kurTxeul) monasters. <br />
axla, rac Seexeba meore varauds:<br />
esaa arameuli Phurta _ mcire, patara<br />
nawili (dididan, mTelidan gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili<br />
mcire). <br />
es sityva ver davadasture biblia-<br />
Si. Tu am aram. sityvas _ Phurta-s davuSvebT<br />
qarTuli `furtavis~ wyarod, ma-<br />
Sin qarTuli `furtavi~, aram. Phurta-dan<br />
momdinare, unda niSnavdes patara, mcire<br />
monasters, romelic romeliRac didisagan<br />
iyo gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili calke erTeulad.<br />
aqedan ki `furtavelis~ miReba qarTulisaTvis<br />
Zalze martivia. Tu monasters<br />
erqva `furta~, maSin misi episkoposi<br />
iqneboda furta-el-i episkoposi,<br />
sadac bolokodur a-sa da el sufiqss<br />
Soris qarTulis niadagze bunebrivad<br />
SeiZleba gaCndes v-ini, ris Sedegadac<br />
viRebT `furtavel~ episkoposs.<br />
uTuod mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvnac,<br />
rom Furt (Frt) ZiriT nawarmoebi toponimic<br />
dadasturebulia palestinaSi (ix. Furt). <br />
Tu es varaudi misaRebia, maSin<br />
aseve SeiZleba iyos nawarmoebi erTi<br />
bizantiuri monastris berZnuli saxelwodeba<br />
`katamoni~; berZn. katav-monhvdan<br />
imave mniSvnelobiT _ gamoy<strong>of</strong>ili,<br />
individualuri erTeuli, e. i. patara<br />
monasteri. garkveul periodSi es<br />
monasteric qarTvelebs ekuTvnodaT, <br />
dRes ki igi ierusalimis berZnuli<br />
el. metreveli, dertavisa da dertufas xelnawerebis<br />
irgvliv,74-78.<br />
A. Even-Shoshan, Explanatory Dictionary.<br />
Y. Tsafrir, L. Di Segni, J. Green, Tabula Imperii Romani, 125.<br />
D.D. Lampe, A Patristic Greek Lexicon.<br />
el. metreveli, masalebi, 89. Johannes Pahlitzsch,<br />
Die Bedeutung Jerusalems für das Königtum und Kirche<br />
in Georgien zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge im Vergleich zu Armenien.<br />
_ L’idea di Gerusalêmme nella spiritualità Cristiana<br />
del medioevo, Città del Vaticano, 2003, 104-131.
sapatriarqos kuTvnilebaa.<br />
`katamonis~ saxelwodebasTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT SeiZleba saintereso iyos imis<br />
aRniSvnac,rom es monasteri ierusalimis<br />
wm. jvris monastris daqvemdebarebaSi<br />
iyo wm. nikolozis monasterTan erTad<br />
(es ukanaskneli wm. jvris monastris maxloblad<br />
mdebareobda da dRes savsebiT<br />
ganadgurebulia). samive monasteri erTmaneTTan<br />
4_5 km-is radiusis fargleb-<br />
Si mdebareobda da marTlac SeiZleba<br />
vivaraudoT, rom `katamons~ es saxeli<br />
darqmeoda, rogorc wm. jvris monastris<br />
daqvemdebarebaSi my<strong>of</strong> mcire erTeuls.<br />
vfiqrob, analogiuri viTareba Sei-<br />
Zleba vivaraudoT `furtavTan~ dakav-<br />
SirebiTac. es axlad aRmoCenili monasteri,<br />
faqtobrivad, petre iberis or<br />
monasters Soris (erTi _ daviTis koSk-<br />
Tan, iafos karibWesTan, meore ki _ birel-katSi)<br />
mdebareobs, daaxl. 4_5 km-is<br />
radiusiT da iqneb, isic petre iberis<br />
monastris ganStoebas warmoadgenda<br />
da amitomac daerqva mas es saxeli.<br />
aqve unda aRvniSno isic, rom furtaveli<br />
episkoposi, rogorc Cans, erTi<br />
monastris episkoposia,iseve rogorc zemoxsenebuli<br />
samuel episkoposi (rac,Cemi<br />
varaudiT, am periodis palestinisaTvis<br />
gamonakliss ar warmoadgens).<br />
dabolos, Cem mier ganxiluli<br />
TiToeuli varianti, jerjerobiT, mxolod<br />
varaudebis doneze rCeba da, ra<br />
Tqma unda, Sors aris konkretuli<br />
daskvnebisagan. magram umleizonSi ga-<br />
Txrebis gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi, imedi<br />
maqvs, Cems msjelobas uTuod ufro<br />
myari safuZveli miecema.<br />
el. metreveli, masalebi, 145.<br />
203
204
omis papis ioane-pavle II da sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II<br />
Sexvedra saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da kulturis<br />
warmomadgenlebTan 1999 wlis 9 noembers<br />
akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis gamosvla<br />
Tqveno aRmatebulebav batono prezidento,<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav da unetaresobav, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqo,<br />
qalbatonebo, batonebo!<br />
dRes mTeli ganaTlebuli qarTveli sazogadoebrioba udidesi<br />
mowiwebiT egebeba Cveni saukunis gamorCeul moRvawes, vatikanis qalaqsaxelmwifos<br />
suverens, sruliad kaTolikuri eklesiis pirvelmsaxurs,<br />
mis uwmidesobas romis paps ioane-pavle meores.<br />
qristianobis mesame aTaswleulis mijnaze qristianuli qveynebis<br />
monaxuleba sarwmunoebis umaRles msaxurTa mier Cveni rwmenis mravalsaukunovan<br />
istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebis movlenad unda<br />
CaiTvalos, rasac ara mxolod da ara imdenad wminda konfesiuri, ramdenadac<br />
udidesi sazogadoebriv-politikuri da Rrma kulturul-istoriuli<br />
mniSvneloba eniWeba.<br />
Cveni saukunis damlevs qarTveloba zeimiT aRniSnavs saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifoebriobis 3000 wlisTavs. amave dros, Cven, qarTvelebi, uZvelesi<br />
qristianuli eri varT, warmomadgenlebi aRmosavluri _ marTlmadidebluri<br />
_ qristianobisa.<br />
aRmosavluri qristianoba, gansxvavebiT dasavluri qristianobisagan,<br />
xasiaTdeboda imiT, rom igi qristianobas Tavidanve avrcelebda adgilobrivi,<br />
erovnuli enebisa da kulturebis safuZvelze.<br />
am movlenam gamoiwvia is, rom aRmosavlur kulturul arealSi<br />
qristianobis miRebasTan erTad imTaviTve iwyeboda saRmrTo wignebis<br />
Targmna da RvTismsaxureba erovnul, mSobliur enebze. swored es iyo<br />
aRmosavlur qristianobaSi erovnebisa da erovnuli kulturebis Camoyalibebis<br />
ganmsazRvreli faqtori.<br />
Sua saukuneebis Cveni didi mwerlisa da moRvawis giorgi merCules<br />
TqmiT: `qarTlad friadi queyanaÁ aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa<br />
eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locvaÁ yoveli aResrulebis~. es principi<br />
Cvens qveyanaSi qristianobis miRebis pirvelsave saukuneebidan moqmedebda<br />
da warmarTavda da gansazRvravda mTels Cvens sulier arsebobasa da<br />
y<strong>of</strong>ierebas.<br />
amisagan gansxvavebiT, qristianoba dasavlur kulturul arealSi<br />
vrceldeboda ZiriTadad laTinuri enis safuZvelze, saRmrTo wignebis<br />
adgilobriv, erovnul enebze gadatanisa da Targmanebis gareSe.<br />
principi saeklesio msaxurebisa da wirva-locvis erovnul enebze<br />
205
Catarebisa kaTolikur samyaroSi, rogorc cnobilia, mxolod mogvianebiT<br />
ganxorcielda da amis upirvelesi gamtarebeli dRes misi uwmidesoba<br />
romis papi ioane-pavle meore brZandeba, romelic mravalenovnobis<br />
gansacvifrebel magaliTs gviCvenebs da RvTismsaxurebas<br />
TiTqmis yvela im xalxTa enebze atarebs, romelTac igi umaRlesi samSvidobo<br />
misiiT ewveva.<br />
saqarTveloSic, Cvens sazogadoebasac misma uwmidesobam qarTulad<br />
mimarTa da mouwoda yvela qristians mSvidobis, Zmobisa da kacTmoyvareobisaken.<br />
es umaRlesi humanuri misia, rasac misi uwmidesoba ioane-pavle II<br />
ase warmatebiT axorcielebs mravali wlis manZilze, gansakuTrebiT<br />
gasagebia CvenTvis dRes, Cvens uZveles qristianul qveyanaSi _ saqarTveloSi<br />
_ da mTels kavkasiaSi.<br />
swored aq saqarTvelos prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem wamoayena<br />
`mSvidobiani kavkasiis~ idea, idea kulturaTa da civilizaciaTa dialogisa<br />
da TanamSromlobis Taobaze, romelic daupirispirda dasavleTSi<br />
farTod gavrcelebul koncefcias `civilizaciaTa Setakebis~<br />
«clash <strong>of</strong> civilizations» Sesaxeb ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva regionSi, maT Soris<br />
kavkasiaSic.<br />
gamovTqvamT rwmenas, rom misi uwmidesobis, romis papis ioane-pavle<br />
II viziti saqarTveloSi kidev ufro Seuwyobs xels kavkasiaSi amgvari dialogis<br />
warmarTvasa da TanamSromlobas sxvadasxva civilizaciasa da sarwmunoebas<br />
Soris; Cveni qveyana xom yovelTvis gamoirCeoda gansakuTrebuli<br />
SemwynareblobiT gansxvavebuli aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis mimarT.<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav!<br />
me daviwye saqarTvelos mecnierebisa da kulturis moRvaweTa saxeliT<br />
Cemi misalmeba aRmosavluri qristianobis erT-erT uZveles _<br />
qarTul _ enaze da minda davamTavro igi dasavluri qristianobisa da<br />
kaTolikuri eklesiis uZvelesi kanonikuri, laTinuri eniT:<br />
Hodierno die, quo adventus Vestrae Sanctitatis in terram nostram solemniter celebratur,<br />
Vestram Sanctitatem et omnes hospites, qui Vobiscum venerunt, ut patriam<br />
nostram honorarent, toto pectore salutamus et vobis gratias maximas agimus.<br />
Patria nostra, hic locus antiquae Christianorum ecclesiae, semper culturae atque<br />
religionum variarum domicilium firmum erat et in postero tempore similiter, precibus<br />
Vestris, crescat, floreat et ad bonos successus luceat.<br />
Salutatio Vestra in hac terra in cordibus nostris permanebit in aeternum et in saecula<br />
saeculorum.<br />
Maximas gratias.<br />
`dRevandel dRes, rodesac Cven sazeimo viTarebaSi aRvniSnavT Tqveni<br />
uwmidesobis Cvens qveyanaSi CamobrZanebas, guliTadad mivesalmebiT<br />
Tqvens uwmidesobas da yvela TqvenTan erTad CamobrZanebul stumars,<br />
romlebic pativs miageben Cvens qveyanas.<br />
Cveni samSoblo, qristianobis es uZvelesi savane, ZvelTaganve iyo<br />
myari adgilsamy<strong>of</strong>eli sxvadasxva kulturebisa da sarwmunoebaTa; dee,<br />
momavalSic, Tqvenis locva-kurTxeviT, igi aseve gaZlierebuliyos da<br />
ayvavebuliyos keTili saqmeebisaTvis gzis saCveneblad.<br />
Tqveni Cvens qveyanaSi CamobrZaneba marad darCeba mosagonrad Cvens<br />
gulebSi.<br />
uRrmes madlobas mogaxsenebT~.<br />
206
207
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
akademikosebisa da wevr-korespondentebis Sexvedra<br />
ilia II-sTan samebis sakaTedro taZarSi<br />
(stenografiuli Canaweri)<br />
2007 wlis 30 ianvari<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />
yovlad samRvdelono mRvdelmTavarno,<br />
Tqveno aRmatebulebav batono prezidento,<br />
mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevrebo da wevr-korespondentebo,<br />
qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />
dRes aris gansakuTrebuli da istoriuli dRe, roca saqarTvelos<br />
samociqulo eklesia maspinZlobs Cvens gamoCenil da eris winaSe damsaxurebul<br />
xalxs aq, wmida samebis sakaTedro taZris savaneSi.<br />
rwmena, sarwmunoeba da mecniereba es aris ori Zala, romelmac<br />
mogviyvana Cven dRemde, romelmac gadaarCina qarTveli eri. me mogesalmebiT<br />
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis saxeliT da piradad<br />
Cemi saxeliT. Tqveni damsaxureba metad didia. Cven gamoviareT didi<br />
208
gansacdeli. iyo dro, roca totalitaruli reJimi yvelafers akeTebda<br />
imisaTvis, rom gaeTiSaT eklesia da qarTveli xalxi, codnisa da<br />
rwmenis mqone adamianebi, magram Cven mudam gvaxsovda da gvaxsovs<br />
Cveni winaprebis locva-kurTxeva da Cveni winaprebis erovnuli idea.<br />
roca qmnida daviT aRmaSenebeli gelaTis akademias, man dasaxa gegma,<br />
rom is unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo axali ierusalimi da meore aTina. ierusalimi<br />
Tavisi rwmeniT da Tavisi sulierebiT, maRali RvTismetyvelebiT,<br />
da meore aTina _ Tavisi didi mecnierebiT.<br />
Tqven mogexsenebaT, rom rwmenasa da codnas Soris urTierTobis<br />
sakiTxi uZvelesi sakiTxia, jer kidev pirvel-meore saukuneebSi idga<br />
es sakiTxi _ romelia pirveladi, rwmena Tu codna. didi filos<strong>of</strong>osi,<br />
aleqsandriis skolis didi moRvawe klimenti aleqsandrieli<br />
Tavis SromaSi ambobs, rom aucilebelia rwmenac da codnac, magram<br />
pirveladi aris rwmena da rwmenaze dafuZnebuli unda iyos mecniereba.<br />
SesaniSnav daskvnas akeTebs klimenti aleqsandrieli, rom<br />
mxolod morwmune adamiani aris mona RvTisa, xolo morwmune da ganaTlebuli,<br />
mcodne adamiani aris megobari RvTisa, e. i. klimenti<br />
aleqsandrieli gvisaxavs kibes, razec unda avides mona RvTisa. es<br />
aris sruly<strong>of</strong>is kibe. Cven unda gvaxsovdes, rom TviT ufalma ieso<br />
qristem brZana _ `iyaviT sruly<strong>of</strong>ilni, viTarca mamaTqveni sruly<strong>of</strong>il<br />
ars~. es aris dausrulebeli ganviTarebis procesi da ai, dRes Cven Sev-<br />
ZeliT is, rac ver moxda warsulSi, ufro swored, rasac eRobeboda<br />
ideologia. dRes Cven SevxvdiT am wmida savaneSi, wmida samebis axalgazrdul<br />
centrSi.<br />
me kidev erTxel mogesalmebiT yvelas, gamovTqvam Cvens did sixaruls<br />
Tqveni mobrZanebiT da me minda vTqva, rom mravali problema<br />
dgas dRes saqarTvelos winaSe da es unda gadavwyvitoT erTad, mTelma<br />
erma xelisuflebasTan erTad. Cven unda vaswavloT Cvens axalgazrdobas<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi azrovneba, Cven unda gvaxsovdes, rom pasuxismgebelni<br />
varT RvTis winaSe da Cveni samSoblos winaSe. Cveni eri<br />
didad afasebs Tqvens Rvawls da me vfiqrob, rom es unda aRiniSnos<br />
da Tqveni saxelebi da gvarebi oqros asoebiT unda aRibeWdos Cvens<br />
istoriaSi da TviT akademiis kedlebze.<br />
RmerTma daglocoT, gagaZlieroT, bevri sikeTe gagakeTebinoT<br />
Cveni eris sakeTildReod da me minda vTxovo mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />
akademiis prezidents, baton Tamaz gamyreliZes Tqvas Tavisi sityva.<br />
209
akad. T. gamyreliZe<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav, Zvirfaso kolegebo,<br />
dRevandeli dRe Seva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
istoriaSi rogorc umniSvnelovanesi dRe; dRe, romelic aCvenebs, Tu ra<br />
kavSiria codnasa da rwmenas Soris. me minda daviwyo zustad imiT, riTac<br />
Tqven daamTavreT, Tqveno uwmidesobav _ es aris urTierToba mecnierebasa<br />
da sarwmunoebas Soris, urTierToba codnasa da rwmenas Soris.<br />
dRes me minda gadmogceT Tqven, Tqveno uwmidesobav, xati, romelic<br />
Seiqmna saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi. es xati ekuTvnis<br />
akademikos Tengiz sanaZes. aq aris gamosaxuli daviT aRmaSenebeli gelaTiT<br />
xelSi da wmindanebi, maT Soris ilia marTali _ ilia WavWavaZe<br />
da eqvTime TayaiSvili, Cveni didi moRvaweebi, Cveni didi mecnierebi.<br />
akademiis mier morTmeul xatze gamosaxuleba ar aris SemTxveviTi:<br />
daviT aRmaSenebeli taZriT xelSi aris emblema saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
erovnuli akademiisa. es aris xazgasma imisa, rom saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia aris memkvidre Zveli qarTuli akademiebisa,<br />
upirveles yovlisa, gelaTis akademiisa, romelic dafuZnebul<br />
iqna daviT aRmaSeneblis mier. mefe daviTi iyo ara mxolod mefe-aRmaSenebeli,<br />
is iyo mefe-ganmanaTlebeli, romelmac daafuZna, daaarsa<br />
uZvelesi qarTuli akademiebi, maT Soris gelaTis akademia, taZrad<br />
swavlulebisa, sxvad aTinad da meore ierusalimad, e. i. imdroindeli<br />
saerTaSoriso mecnierebis centrad, romelsac aTeni warmoadgenda, da<br />
sulierebis saerTaSoriso centrad, romelsac ierusalimi _ `ieruSalaimi~<br />
warmoadgenda. swored am tradiciebis gamgrZelebeli aris<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia. SemTxveviTi ar aris is,<br />
rom ivane javaxiSvilma Tbilisis universitetis gaxsna, pirveli qar-<br />
Tuli universitetis gaxsna daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes (26 ianvari<br />
_ 8 Tebervali) daamTxvia. amiT man xazi gausva imas, rom qarTuli<br />
universiteti iyo memkvidre gelaTis akademiisa, qarTuli universiteti,<br />
sadac Camoyalibda saqveynod cnobili qarTuli samecniero skolebi<br />
_ maTematikuri skola, fiziologiuri skola, qarTuli saenaTmecniero<br />
skola, qarTuli xelovnebaTmcodneoba, saqveynod cnobili saaRmosavleTmcodneo<br />
skola da mravali sxva qarTuli samecniero skola...<br />
universitetis damfuZneblebma mogvianebiT safuZveli Cauyares saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa akademias, romelsac dRes `saqarTvelos mecniereba-<br />
Ta erovnuli akademia~ ewodeba. swored aq, akademiis wiaRSi ganviTarda<br />
qarTuli mecniereba, qarTuli samecniero skolebi.<br />
me aRvniSne, rom apoTeosi Cveni dRevandeli Sexvedrisa aris demonstrireba<br />
codnisa da rwmenis urTierTobisa. mogexsenebaT, Zvirfaso<br />
kolegebo, rom dRevandeli mecnierebis erT-erTi urTulesi problema<br />
aris garkveva codnisa da rwmenis urTierTobisa. udidesi moazrovneebi,<br />
maT Soris udidesi bunebismetyvelni, Rrmad morwmune adamianebi iyvnen;<br />
210
maqs planki, albert ainStaini, dRes kosmogoniis udidesi warmomadgeneli<br />
stiven hokingi da mravali sxva Rrmad morwmune adamianebi<br />
iyvnen da arian; isini Tvlian, rom codna da rwmena, mecniereba da sarwmunoeba<br />
ki ar gamoricxaven, aramed avseben erTmaneTs. es aris ori mxare<br />
saerTo fenomenisa, saerTo movlenisa, rom adamiani da samyaro Seicnoba<br />
swored ai am ori sferos gaerTianebiT; isini `damatebiTni~ arian<br />
erTmaneTis mimarT adamianisa da samyaros SemecnebaSi (`damatebiTobis~<br />
nils boriseuli gagebiT). ai, es aris, me mgoni, yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
da arsebiTi dRevandel mecnierebaSi da, albaT, am princips unda axorcielebdes<br />
mecnieruli kvleva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi.<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav! Tqven, Tqveni pirovnebiT ganasaxierebT swored<br />
am Serwymas codnisa da rwmenisas da es iyo safuZveli imisa, rom saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa erovnulma akademiam erTsulovnad agirCiaT Tqven<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio wevrad _ sapatio<br />
akademikosad. aseTi faqti metad iSviaTia Tanamedrove samyaroSi,<br />
Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi; sul ramdenime ms<strong>of</strong>lio akademia SeiZleba<br />
iqnes dasaxelebuli da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia<br />
amayobs imiT, rom erT-erTi pirvelia maT Soris, sadac qveynis kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
eris sulieri mama da umaRlesi rangis sasuliero<br />
piri arCeulia amave dros mecnierebaTa akademiis sapatio wevrad.<br />
dRes saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia cnobili reformebis<br />
Sedegad gardaiqmna im mimarTulebiT, rom mecnierebaTa<br />
akademias gamoeyo kvleviTi institutebi, romlebic gaxdnen sajaro<br />
samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi. amdenad, isini damoukidebelni gaxdnen<br />
da daukavSirdnen sxvadasxva dawesebulebas, ZiriTadad, ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis saministros.<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis dRevandeli funqcia<br />
aris koordinacia mecnieruli muSaobisa mTeli respublikis masStabiT<br />
da kvleviTi institutebi, kvleviTi dawesebulebebi angariSvaldebulni<br />
arian saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis winaSe mecnieruli<br />
TvalsazrisiT.<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia amJamad aris umaRlesi<br />
samecniero organo, mrCeveli xelisuflebisa mecnierebis sakiTxebSi da<br />
koordinatori mTeli samecniero muSaobisa. me imedi maqvs, rom Cven<br />
gavagrZelebT saqmianobas am mimarTulebiT da es aris sawindari imisa,<br />
rom qarTuli mecniereba, qarTuli samecniero skolebi kidev ufro<br />
ganviTardeba da axal simaRleebs miaRwevs. institutebis nacvlad Cven<br />
akademiis sistemaSi vayalibebT samecniero komisiebs, romlebic gauZ-<br />
Rvebian samecniero kvleva-Ziebas mTeli respublikis masStabiT... erTerTi<br />
aseTi komisia ukve arsebobs, jerjerobiT yvela komisia ar aris<br />
Camoyalibebuli, magram ukve arsebobs ramdenime komisia, romlebic<br />
metad nay<strong>of</strong>ierad da Sedegianad muSaoben. erT-erTi aseTi komisia gax-<br />
211
lavT `qristianuli Teologiisa da religiis istoriis Semswavleli<br />
komisia~, romlis xelmZRvaneli brZandeba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi<br />
da romelic eweva Zalian did samecniero moRvaweobas;<br />
amis Sesaxeb Cven am komisiis xelmZRvanelis moadgile mogvaxsenebs. vidre<br />
am moxsenebaze gadavidodeT, me minda, Tqveno uwmidesobav, mogarTvaT<br />
Cvens mecnierebaTa akademiaSi Seqmnili es xati (gadascems xats).<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II<br />
me madlobas gwiravT, es aris namdvilad istoriuli dRe da istoriuli<br />
xati. daviT aRmaSenebelma daglocoT Tqven da sruliad saqarTvelo!<br />
mama-demetre _ sityva eZleva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
akademikoss, baton roin metrevels.<br />
akad. r. metreveli<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />
batono prezidento,<br />
dRes WeSmaritad bednieri dRea, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />
akademia Tavisi sruli SemadgenlobiT stumrobs wmida samebis didebul<br />
taZars da me minda Cemi gamosvla daviwyo imiT, rom, Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />
uRrmesi madloba mogaxsenoT Tqveni didi TaosnobisaTvis, im didi<br />
RvawlisaTvis, romelic gaswieT am brwyinvale taZris agebisaTvis da<br />
madloba vuTxra yvela imaT, vinc mxarSi gedgaT Tqven da am grandiozul<br />
Senobas agebda. es aris sulieri savane qarTveli erisa da ar SeiZleba<br />
madloba ar vTqvaT amisaTvis.<br />
me paraleli minda gavavlo, rom saqarTvelos pirvelma patriarqma<br />
melqisedekma sveticxovlis didi taZari aago da ar SemiZlia uRrmesi<br />
madliereba ar gamovxato Cveni patriarqisadmi, romelic saqarTvelos<br />
sapatriarqo taxtze aRsaydrebis umal, am 30 wlis winaT, 1977 wlis<br />
25 ianvridan moyolebuli, zrunavs erze, zrunavs xalxze, zrunavs qarTvel<br />
sazogadoebaze, qarTul kulturaze, qarTul mecnierebaze da es<br />
taZari damagvirgvinebeli gaxlavT yovelive amisa.<br />
Cven kargad gvaxsovs is didi roli, romelic qarTulma samociqulo<br />
eklesiam Seasrula saqarTvelos istoriaSi, kargad gvesmis didi damsaxureba<br />
saeklesio moRvaweebisa, gvesmis maTi amagi, viciT maTi Rvawli da<br />
minda mogaxsenoT, rom ukve me-20 saukunis dasawyisidan, mas Semdeg, rac<br />
qarTulma avtokefaliurma eklesiam Tavisi damoukidebloba daibruna<br />
1917 wlidan, qarTveli patriarqebi Cadgnen saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli<br />
kulturis, qarTuli mecnierebis da aRmSeneblobis samsaxurSi.<br />
212
minda mivmarTo Cems kolegebs, rom wlevandeli weli_ es aris saiubileo<br />
weli: 30 weli sruldeba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
ilia meoris aRsaydrebidan. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma<br />
akademiam, albaT, mTel qarTvel sazogadoebasTan erTad unda izrunos<br />
imaze, rom RirsebiT aRniSnos es TariRi, aRniSnos saqarTvelos sulieri<br />
aRorZinebis TariRi, saqarTvelos sulieri aRmavlobis TariRi.<br />
minda kidev erTxel madloba movaxseno mis uwmidesobas, minda davarwmuno<br />
igi, rom qarTveli mecnierebi, rogorc yovelTvis, amieridanac<br />
ukuniTi ukunisamde qarTuli eklesiis, qarTuli samociqulo,<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gverdiT iqnebian.<br />
didi madloba.<br />
mama-demetre _ sityva eZleva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
qristianuli Teologiisa da religiis istoriis Semswavleli<br />
komisiis Tavmjdomaris moadgiles baton zaza abaSiZes.<br />
b-ni zaza abaSiZe<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav,<br />
batono prezidento,<br />
yovlad samRvdelo meufeno,<br />
batonebo da qalbatonebo!<br />
CemTvis didi pativia aseTi saocari sazogadoebis, akademiuri<br />
sazogadoebis winaSe gamosvla; me ubralod ramdenime sityviT minda<br />
Sevexo im samuSao gegmebs, romlebic am komisias aqvs Tavisi momavali<br />
muSaobis perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
aq damswreTagan albaT yvelas kargad moexseneba, Tu rodis daiwyo<br />
misma uwmidesobam zrunva saqarTveloSi sarwmunoebisa da mecnierebis<br />
gaerTianebisa da daaxloebisTvis. albaT, yvelas kargad gaxsovT 70-<br />
iani wlebis bolo, rodesac misma uwmidesobam ganaaxla is tradicia,<br />
romelic saqarTvelos eklesiaSi SemoiRo misma uwmidesobam, saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqma kalistratem, daawesa ra e.w. `xuTSaba-<br />
Tobebi~, sadac ZiriTadad mecnierebTan iyo Sexvedrebi da am Sexvedrebze<br />
Zalian xSirad bWobdnen, baasobdnen mecnierebis aqtualur sakiTxebze.<br />
Semdegi safexuri iyo Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis Seqmna. bevri<br />
Zalian skeptikurad uyurebda am wamowyebas, Tvlida, rom es naadrevi<br />
nabiji iyo, magram 1989 wels misma uwmidesobam gaxsna akademia, akademia,<br />
romelic dRes ukve iqceva saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebis centrad<br />
saqarTveloSi.<br />
saqme isaa, rom skeptikosebis damokidebuleba raRac kuTxiT obieqturic<br />
iyo, radgan Tvlidnen, rom saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs saRvTismetyvelo<br />
skola. marTlac, Cven xom uzarmazari wyvetiloba gvqonda,<br />
daaxloebiT me-16 saukunis Semdeg aRar gvqonia umaRlesi sasuliero<br />
213
ganaTlebis centri, iseTi, rogoric iyo, vTqvaT, gelaTis akademia, magram<br />
es safexuri, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis Seqmna, Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />
iyo swored am kuTxiTac, mecnierebis da rwmenis daaxloebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. Tundac is, rom am akademiaSi pedagogiur moRvaweobas<br />
eweodnen da ewevian cnobili mecnierebi, Tundac qalbatoni mariam<br />
lorTqifaniZe, romelic dRidan daarsebisa kiTxulobda da kiTxulobs<br />
leqciebs saqarTvelos istoriaSi; es kidev erTi magaliTia imisa, Tu ra<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni eklesiis urTierTobas Cvens mecnierebasTan, ker-<br />
Zod, mecnierebaTa akademiasTan. misi uwmidesobis mTeli es moRvaweoba<br />
SarSan dagvirgvinda imiT, rom mecnierebaTa erovnul akademiaSi Seiqmna<br />
religiis istoriisa da RvTismetyvelebis komisia, romelsac evaleba<br />
saRvTismetyvelo da religiis istoriis dargSi yvela kvlevis koordinacia<br />
saqarTveloSi. Cven vapirebT axali wlidan, ianvridan, yovelTviurad<br />
gavmarToT saRvTismetyvelo komisiis sxdomebi, sadac Cveni eklesiis<br />
istoriis, RvTismetyvelebis aqtualuri sakiTxebi ganixileba,<br />
davawesoT dRe da albaT yvelas ecodineba, rom ai am dRes mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis did an mcire darbazSi iqneba am komisiis sxdoma da komisiis<br />
sxdomaze wardgebian sxvadasxva dargis mecnierebi, romlebic isaubreben<br />
RvTismetyvelebis, religiis da, TavisTavad cxadia, mecnierebisTvis<br />
aqtualur sakiTxebze.<br />
kidev erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, romelic axla dgas am komisiis<br />
winaSe, es aris is, rom praqtikulad misi uwmidesobis da saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiiis prezidentis SeTanxmebiT da maTi surviliT,<br />
Cveni komisiis bazaze gagrZeldeba muSaoba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesiis enciklopediaze. am enciklopediaze muSaoba didi<br />
xnis win unda dawyebuliyo, samwuxarod, mwiri biujetis gamo amas ver<br />
vaxerxebdiT, verc dRes davikvexniT Zalian didi biujetiT, magram imedi<br />
gvaqvs, rom mogvxedaven da am saqmes davagvirgvinebT. 2006 wels unda<br />
damTavrebuliyo muSaoba, magram es ver moxerxda am mizezis gamo. magram<br />
vfiqrob, rom Cven 2007 wels davamTavrebT muSaobas am Zalian mniSvnelovan<br />
saqmeze... da es iqneba Zalian kargi im kuTxiT da im TvalsazrisiT,<br />
rom is mieZRvneba misi uwmidesobis aRsaydrebis 30 wlisTavs.<br />
me kidev erTxel Zalian didi madloba minda movaxseno mis uwmidesobas<br />
qarTuli mecnierebis ganviTarebaze marTlac Zalian didi zrunvisaTvis.<br />
is, rom Seqmnilia saerTaSoriso fondi sulierebis da mecnierebis<br />
ganviTarebisa, romelic kaTolikos-patriarqis fondad iwodeba,<br />
esec erT-erTi dasturia am zrunvisa. kidev erTxel didi madloba<br />
mis uwmidesobas.<br />
214
kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II<br />
qalbatonebo da batonebo,<br />
dRes namdvilad didi dRea. me vfiqrob am 2000 wlis manZilze es<br />
pirveli SemTxvevaa, roca saqarTvelos eklesia maspinZlobs Cvens didebul<br />
adamianebs, Cvens mecnierebs. me vifiqre, Tu riT aRmeniSna es Cveni<br />
Sexvedra da miviRe gadawyvetileba _ Tqven mogerTmevaT sapatriarqo<br />
sigeli _ akademiis yvela wevrs da wevr-korespondents. amasTan erTad,<br />
Tqven gadmogecemaT unikaluri gamocemis pirveli tomi _ `naTeli<br />
qristesi _ saqarTvelo~. es iqneba trilogia, sami wigni _ meore ukve<br />
dabeWdilia; misi prezentacia ukve iyo da axla daiwyeba muSaoba mesame<br />
tomze. mesame wigni moicavs me-20 saukunis meore naxevars. Zalian rTuli<br />
periodia da me minda, rom am wignis SedgenaSi monawileoba miiRon<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiam, sasuliero seminariam da akademiisa da enciklopediis<br />
mecnierebma. me vfiqrob, rom es metad saintereso mesame tomi<br />
male damuSavdeba da gadaecema dasabeWdad. axla gamocxaddeba Tqveni<br />
gvarebi da saxelebi da me gadmogcemT trilogiis pirvel toms, gadmogcemT<br />
sigels da specialur locvas _ vercxlis braslets, sadac aris<br />
Tqveni dalocva.<br />
RmerTma daglocoT, RmerTma gagaxaroT da RmerTma kidev bevri gagakeTebinoT.<br />
minda mogaxsenoT, rom Cveni mecnierebi aRzrdilni arian iseT dros,<br />
roca ikrZaleboda sarwmunoeba, da Zalian xSiri SemTxveva y<strong>of</strong>ila sab-<br />
WoTa kavSiris dros, roca modiodnen CvenTan mecnierebi da Cumad meubnebodnen,<br />
rom me gulSi morwmune varo. es kargia, morwmune unda iyos<br />
adamiani, magram wmida mamebi amboben, rom es ar aris sakmarisi; adamiani<br />
unda iyos eklesiuri, unda miiRos ziareba, unda Tqvas aRsareba, sulieri<br />
ganTavisufleba, sulieri ganwmenda unda moxdes adamianSi. wmida<br />
mamebi amboben _ rom ar y<strong>of</strong>iliyo aRsareba da ziareba, verc erTi adamiani<br />
ver cxondeboda. amitom me minda, rom yovel adamians hyavdes sulieri<br />
moZRvari, romelic ilocebs TqvenTvis da sulierad dagexmarebaT<br />
Tqven. dalocvili da gaxarebuli gamy<strong>of</strong>oT ufalma!<br />
am sigelebis miRebis Semdeg Cven avalT samebis taZarSi da madlobas<br />
SevwiravT ufals da davanTebT sanTels...<br />
CvenTan ars RmerTi!<br />
(Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarqma saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />
akademiis yvela akademikossa da wevr-korespondents sazeimo viTarebaSi<br />
gadasca trilogiis I tomi da sapatriarqos sigeli).<br />
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saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
prezidiumis gafarToebuli sxdoma,<br />
2007 wlis 12 oqtomberi<br />
akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis gamosvla<br />
batonebo, Zvirfaso kolegebo,<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosi, uwmidesi da unetaresi<br />
ilia II ayenebs Cveni akademiis winaSe sakiTxs misi yovladuwmidesobis,<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarq barTolomeos I erovnuli akademiis<br />
ucxoel sapatio wevrad arCevis Sesaxeb.<br />
misi yovladuwmidesoba, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi barTolomeos I Camodis<br />
saqarTveloSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmidesisa<br />
da unetaresis ilia II aRsaydrebis saiubileo TariRTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba barTolomeos I aris<br />
sulieri winamZRoli 250 milionamde morwmune marTlmadidebeli adamianisa;<br />
dRidan misi ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqad aRsaydrebisa 1991 wels,<br />
misi yovladuwmidesobis gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobis sagania dialogis<br />
warmoeba qristianul, islamur da ebraul samyaroebs Soris,<br />
rasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Tanamedrove aboboqrebul samyaroSi.<br />
es erTgvarad igive saqmianobaa, rasac eweva Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqi,<br />
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II kulturaTa da civilizaciaTa Soris<br />
dialogis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT, sapirispirod ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />
gavrcelebuli Tezisisa `civilizaciaTa Setakebis~ Sesaxeb.<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis maRal misias warmoadgens ms<strong>of</strong>lios iseTi<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis saqmianobis koordinacia da harmonizacia,<br />
rogoricaa aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis, saqarTvelos,<br />
serbeTis, rumineTis da bulgareTis, kviprosis, saberZneTis, polone-<br />
Tis, albaneTis, CexeTisa da slovakiis, fineTisa da estoneTis.<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis sagania agreTve<br />
garemos dacvis problemebi, gansakuTrebiT Savi zRvis regionisa, ris<br />
gamoc mas `mwvane patriarqi~ Searqves.<br />
mTeli am saqmianobisaTvis, romelic moicavs religiuri Tavisuflebebisa<br />
da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferos, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs<br />
gadaeca jildod amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis kongresis oqros medali;<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba gaxlavT amasTanave<br />
gamoCenili mecnieri-Teologi, ms<strong>of</strong>lios mravali universitetis sapatio<br />
doqtori... misi yovladuwmidesobis, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis arCeva<br />
Cvens akademiaSi ucxoel sapatio wevrad didi pativi iqneboda ara mxolod<br />
TviT ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqisaTvis, aramed saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
erovnuli akademiisaTvisac.<br />
me vayeneb winadadebas ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis, misi yovladuwmidesobis,<br />
barTolomeos I arCevis Taobaze saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />
akademiis ucxoel sapatio wevrad.<br />
216
217
218
moswavle-axalgazrdobis sasaxlis<br />
sarkeebiani darbazi<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqosa da<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
sxdoma, 2007 wlis 16 oqtomberi<br />
akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis gamosvla<br />
Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqo,<br />
Tqveno uwmidesobav sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqo,<br />
yovladsamRvdelo mRvdelmTavarno,<br />
qalbatonebo da batonebo!<br />
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, saqarTvelos<br />
mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosma, uwmidesma da<br />
unetaresma ilia II ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba bar-<br />
Tolomeos I waradgina saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnul akademia-<br />
Si ucxoel sapatio wevrad asarCevad.<br />
Cveni akademiis prezidiumis gafarToebul sxdomaze ms<strong>of</strong>lio<br />
patriarqi, misi yovladuwmidesoba barTolomeos I erTxmad iqna ar-<br />
Ceuli akademiis ucxoel sapatio wevrad rogorc saerTaSoriso mar-<br />
Tlmadidebluri samyaros sulieri winamZRoli, rogorc kulturaTa<br />
da civilizaciaTa Soris dialogisa da TanamSromlobis aqtiuri<br />
xelSemwyobi, risTvisac mas, rogorc gamoCenil mecnier-Teologs,<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lios sxvadasxva universitetisa da samecniero dawesebulebis<br />
sapatio doqtors, mravali saerTaSoriso jildo aqvs miRebuli,<br />
maT Soris amerikis kongresis oqros medali.<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnulma akademiam gaamzada saTanado<br />
sapatio diplomi; neba momeciT gadavce es diplomi da Cveni<br />
akademiis saiubileo medali akademiis ucxoel sapatio wevrs – mis<br />
yovladuwmidesobas, ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs barTolomeos I<br />
Your <strong>All</strong> Holiness, Archbishop <strong>of</strong> Constantinople,<br />
New Rome and Ecumenical <strong>Patriarch</strong> Bartholomew<br />
It is my great honour and privilege to inform You that the <strong>Georgia</strong>n National<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences has elected You a Foreign Honorary Member<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Academy and has granted unto You all the rights and privileges <strong>of</strong><br />
a Member.<br />
219
As Archbishop <strong>of</strong> Constantinople and New Rome and Ecumenical <strong>Patriarch</strong>,<br />
Your activities facilitate inter-church and inter-faith dialogues and<br />
serve as the primary expresser <strong>of</strong> Church unity, as a whole. As Ecumenical<br />
<strong>Patriarch</strong> you transcend on a global scale every national and ethnic group,<br />
and presently you are the Spiritual Leader <strong>of</strong> approximately 250 million<br />
faithful throughout the world. Your activities as Ecumenical <strong>Patriarch</strong> are<br />
also well-known in support <strong>of</strong> the Orthodox Churches emerging from decades<br />
<strong>of</strong> wide-scale religious persecution behind the Iron-Curtain.<br />
We highly appreciate also your activities in sponsoring Peace and Tolerance<br />
Conferences bringing together Christians, Muslims and Jews and<br />
contributing a great deal to the dialogue between cultures and civilizations,<br />
as opposed to the well-known thesis <strong>of</strong> the “Clash <strong>of</strong> Civilizations”<br />
in the Modern World. <strong>All</strong> these endeavours in obtaining religious<br />
freedom and protecting human rights brought you many awards, as the<br />
U.S. Congressional Gold Medal and Honorary Doctorates from quite a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> World Universities and Scientific Institutions. The <strong>Georgia</strong>n<br />
National Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences is one <strong>of</strong> them, and we were unanimous<br />
in electing You a Foreign Honorary Member <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Georgia</strong>n National<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences. <strong>All</strong>ow me to hand You to this effect the Academy<br />
Diploma and the Academy Medal.<br />
220
misi yovladuwmidesobis ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis<br />
barTolomeos I sityva,<br />
warmoTqmuli misTvis saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
erovnuli akademiis sapatio akademikosis<br />
wodebis miniWebis ceremonialze<br />
221<br />
moswavle-axalgazrdobis sasaxle,<br />
2007 wlis 16 oqtomberi<br />
didi sixaruliTa da mRelvarebiT vimy<strong>of</strong>ebiT TqvenTan erTad. Cveni<br />
arCeva saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevrad did pativad<br />
migvaCnia. am sapatio titulis moniWebiT Tqven pativs miagebT<br />
qristesmier dedaeklesias, madlobas mogaxsenebT am keTilSobiluri<br />
JestisaTvis. am tituls ms<strong>of</strong>lio sapatriarqosadmi qarTveli xalxis<br />
pativiscemis, siyvarulisa da erTgulebis gulwrfeli grZnobebis gamoxatulebad<br />
aRviqvamT.<br />
gansakuTrebiT did madlobas movaxsenebT akademiis prezidents baton<br />
Tamaz gamyreliZes. am ramdenime wlis win Cven mier ganxorcielebuli<br />
vizitisas Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi SevxvdiT Cven erTmaneTs.<br />
asec rom ar momxdariyo, misi saxeli CvenTvis mainc cnobili<br />
iqneboda, radgan mas saerTaSoriso aRiareba aqvs mopovebuli enaTmecnierebis<br />
dargSi miRweuli warmatebebis gamo. igi saqveynod cnobili<br />
araerTi saerTaSoriso samecniero akademiis wevria.<br />
moxaruli varT, rom vimy<strong>of</strong>ebiT akademiaSi, romelsac amSveneben nebismieri<br />
samecniero dargis uSesaniSnavesi warmomadgenlebi, romlebmac<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi masStaburi wvlili Seitanes nebismieri<br />
dargis ganviTarebaSi da saerTaSoriso aRiarebasac miaRwies rogorc<br />
teqnikuri, aseve humanitaruli mecnierebis dargebSi. Cven SegviZlia<br />
CamovTvaloT humanitaruli mecnierebis saqveynod cnobili qarTuli<br />
gvarebi, esenia: akaki SaniZe da korneli kekeliZe, romelTac didi<br />
wvlili Seitanes qarTuli paleografiis da liturgikuli wignebis<br />
SeswavlaSi; cnobili aRmosavleTmcodne giorgi wereTeli, cnobili<br />
semitologi konstantine wereTeli, arqeologi oTar lorTqifaniZe;<br />
didi maTematikosebi teqnikuri mecnierebidan _ niko musxeliSvili da<br />
ilia vekua. cnobili geologi aleqsandre janeliZe, cnobili fiziologi<br />
ivane beritaSvili, cnobili fsiqologi dimitri uznaZe, cnobili<br />
astr<strong>of</strong>izikosi evgeni xaraZe da sxvani.<br />
gansakuTrebiT gvinda movixsenioT grigol wereTeli, berZnuli<br />
paleografiisa da papirologiis uSesaniSnavesi warmomadgeneli, romelmac<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi klasikuri filologiis<br />
dargi daafuZna. mis wigns berZnuli paleografiis Sesaxeb jerac<br />
ar daukargavs Tavisi Rirebuleba da samagido wignia am dargSi momu-
vnebaTagan. samoTxidan gaZevebis Semdeg ki mxecebi da Citebi, romelTac<br />
uyvardaT igi, dafrTxnen da ganeridnen. sicive da SimSili tanjavda mas.<br />
mze wvavda da qari uwylulebda sxeuls. avadmy<strong>of</strong>oba da uZlureba moeria,~<br />
– wers igive wmindani.<br />
adamis dacemam adamians ubiZga imisken, rom RmrTis Semcvleli epovna.<br />
is, rac sicarieles Seuvsebda. maSin adamianma Tavis gadasarCenad, RvTis<br />
madlis SemweobiT, teqnologiis ganviTarebasa da mecnierebas miaSura.<br />
mogvianebiT, JamTa svlasTan erTad, teqnologia sul ufro da ufro<br />
viTardeboda da ixveweboda; bevri ram dafaruli da ucnobi gamomzeurda<br />
da cnobili gaxda. adamiani Tavs SezRudulad grZnobs Tavisi planetis<br />
sazRvrebSi da survili uCndeba gamoikvlios samyaro, sxva planetebi.<br />
Tuki yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT kacobriobis istorias, mivxvdebiT,<br />
rom mecniereba, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebis mixedviT, dacemis<br />
periodis Semdeg Cndeba da mas ar SeuZlia Seuvsos adamians is sicariele,<br />
rasac grZnobs. ramdenma saukunemac unda Caiaros, mecniereba mainc<br />
ver gascems pasuxs y<strong>of</strong>ierebis umTavres sakiTxebs, romlebic aSfoTeben<br />
adamians. aqedan gamomdinare ki mecnierebis progresi verasodes Secvlis<br />
religiasa da eklesias. ar unda agverios mecnierebisa da religiis<br />
sazRvrebi, iseve rogorc maTi miRwevebi.<br />
mecnierebis sazRvrebi sakmaod gafarToebulia religiuri mrwamsis<br />
sazRvrebTan SedarebiT, amasTanave is Cavlili da gacveTili samyaros<br />
CarCoebSia moqceuli. marTlmadidebel eklesias Tavis rigebSi dRes<br />
hyavs adamianebi, romlebsac sakmaod warmatebuli samecniero kariera<br />
gaaCniaT da, aqedan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba maT CamorCenilebi, ukan<br />
msvlelebi vuwodoT. mama s<strong>of</strong>roniosis swavlebis Tanaxmad, Tuki sulieri<br />
adamiani mecnierebisken miapyrobs mzeras, xels mihy<strong>of</strong>s asketur<br />
cxovrebas, gamoaCens ufro met SesaZleblobebs mecnierebaSi, vidre<br />
is, romelic naklebad sulieria. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sulieri<br />
adamiani ufro maRali da didi Rirebulebis sferoebSi moqmedebs, vidre<br />
logikisa da mecnieruli codnis sferoebia. aqedan gamomdinare, isini,<br />
vinc y<strong>of</strong>iT problemebs emsaxurebian, ufro dabal safexurze Camodian.<br />
saxareba gveubneba: `Zeni amis s<strong>of</strong>lisani ugonieres arian ufroÁs ZeTa<br />
naTlisaTa, naTesavTa Soris maTsa“ (luk. 16,8).<br />
axla ki magaliTad kvlav mama siluanosis gamonaTqvams moviyvanT.<br />
I ms<strong>of</strong>lio omis Semdeg (1914_18) aTonis mTis tyis aTviseba Zraviani<br />
xerxiT daiwyes. ikonomosi, aTonis mTis rusuli monastris beri, aRtacebuli<br />
iyo axali teqnologiiT, radgan xerxi germanuli warmoebisa<br />
iyo, dReniadag germanelebs aqebda da rusebs aginebda: `Cven rusebi<br />
arafris maqnisebi varTo“.<br />
wmida siluanosma upasuxa: `me vfiqrob mizezi sxvaa da ara is, rom<br />
rusebi arafris maqnisebi arian. rusebisaTvis upirvelesi RmerTia, TavianT<br />
upirveles Zalas RmerTs uZRvnian da naklebad fiqroben amqveyniur<br />
problemebze. Tuki rusi xalxi mTel Tavis potencials miwier<br />
222
223
224
SaveTaTvis. am dargis pr<strong>of</strong>esorebi mTels ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi axlac am wigniT<br />
xelmZRvaneloben TavianT mowafeebTan muSaobisas am urTulesi sagnis<br />
anbanis swavlebis dros.<br />
aseTi didi da SesaniSnavi tradiciis mqone akademia dResac agrZelebs<br />
Tavis moRvaweobas. es kargad Cans am ukanasknel wlebSi Catarebuli<br />
arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad gamovlenili masaliT, romelmac<br />
mTeli ms<strong>of</strong>lio samecniero sazogadoebis yuradReba miipyro. arqeologiis<br />
dargSi didi warmatebis nimuSad dmanisis aRmoCenebs davasaxelebT.<br />
iq aRmoCenili Tavis qalebi, mecnierTa azriT, metad mniSvnelovan<br />
monapovars warmoadgenen kacobriobisaTvis. isini Turme `pirveli<br />
evropelebi“ y<strong>of</strong>ilan.<br />
miuxedavad im problemebisa, romlebic sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg,<br />
am bolo 16 weliwadSi, am SesaniSnavma marTlmadidebelma qveyanam<br />
gadaitana, qarTvel mecnierebs erTi wuTiTac ar SeuCerebiaT TavianTi<br />
kvleva-Zieba da im saqmis erTgulni darCnen, romlisTvisac mowodebulni<br />
arian.<br />
Tavs valdebulad vTvliT, mogmarToT Tqven, Zvirfaso mecnierebo da<br />
oriode sityviT Sevexo marTlmadideblobisa da mecnierebis urTierTobas<br />
dRevandel pirobebSi. Zalian xSirad gvesmis ama Tu im wreSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />
ki dasavleTis mecnierTa wreebSi, arakeTili damokidebuleba<br />
eklesiis mimarT. TiTqos eklesia damabrkolebeli organo iyos, romelic<br />
kacobriobis ganviTarebas xels uSlis, TiTqosda adamianebi unda<br />
aRvematebodeT mas; imisaTvis rom Cvenc Tanamedrove adamianebad viqceT,<br />
Tanamedrove realobas unda avuwyoT fexi. amboben, TiTqos teqnologiis<br />
swrafma ganviTarebam religia gaauqma, rom saxareba adamianSi fanatizms<br />
badebso, rom dRevandeli kosmopoliti adamiani `unda idges<br />
religiaze, samSobloze, sazRvrebze maRla“.<br />
modiT, erTad davfiqrdeT imaze, ramdenad Seesabameba zemoT xsenebuli<br />
azri sinamdviles. marTla waSala eklesiis roli da mniSvneloba<br />
teqnologiurma progresma? am sakiTxs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis<br />
ori Tanamedrove mamis swavlebaze dayrdnobiT ganvixilavT. erTi maTgani<br />
aris aw wmindanad Seracxili siluanos aToneli, romelmac 1938<br />
wels miiZina, xolo meore _ misi mowafe da amave dros misi biografi<br />
netari s<strong>of</strong>roniosi, romelmac 1993 wels miiZina.<br />
`adami samoTxeSi RmrTis siyvaruliT iyo Semosili. magram Secodebis<br />
Semdeg, RmrTis siyvaruls moklebuli mwared moTqvamda da godebda.<br />
mTel udabnos esmoda misi oxvra. mxecebi da frinvelebi sevdam Seipyro.<br />
adami ki TavSi xels icemda imis gamo, rom misi Secodebis gamo yvelas<br />
moaklda mSvidoba da siyvaruli~. am STagonebuli sityvebiT Rirsi siluanosi<br />
aRwers adamis mier samoTxis dakargvas, kacobriobis istoriisaTvis<br />
am umniSvnelovanes faqts.<br />
manamde adamians aranairi problema ar gaaCnda dedamiwaze, `samoTxeSi<br />
bednierad grZnobda Tavs. suli RmrTisa axarebda mas da Tavisufali iyo<br />
225
problemebs miuZRvnida da marto am sakiTxiT iqneboda dakavebuli, ue-<br />
Wvelad gauswrebda germanelebs, radgan y<strong>of</strong>iTi problemebis mogvareba<br />
gacilebiT ufro advilia~.<br />
wmindanis es sityvebi namdvilad winaswarmetyveluri aRmoCnda, radgan<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis pirobebSi, meore ms<strong>of</strong>lio omis Semdeg,<br />
ruseTi zesaxelmwifod iqca, radganac aTeizmis gabatonebis pirobebSi<br />
am qveynis liderebma TavianT programad teqnologiisa da mecnierebis<br />
ganviTareba daisaxes.<br />
maT arnaxul warmatebebs miaRwies am sferoSi. swored im programis<br />
farglebSi moxda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis dafuZneba. igi<br />
1941 wels daarsda. sabWoTa kavSiris pirobebSi saqarTvelos akademias<br />
gaaCnda uamravi instituti, samecniero-kvleviTi centri, sakmaod mdidari<br />
biblioTeka da mniSvnelovani gamomcemlobac.<br />
yovelive zemoTqmuliT sulac ar vgmobT teqnologiisa da mecnierebis<br />
ganviTarebas. didi Secdoma iqneba, Tuki vinme ifiqrebs, rom marTlmadidebeli<br />
eklesia ewinaaRmdegeba mecnierebas, magram valdebulni<br />
varT, rom yvelafers Tavisi adgili mivuCinoT da isic vaRiaroT, rom<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesia dakavebulia im mecnierebiT, romelic yvela<br />
sxva mecnierebaze maRla dgas, da amitomac mas mecnierebaTa mecnierebas<br />
da xelovnebis xelovnebasac uwodeben.<br />
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis es damokidebuleba sruliadac ar niSnavs<br />
mecnierebis ugulebely<strong>of</strong>as. piriqiT, eklesia yovelTvis TanamSromlobda<br />
mecnierebTan, cdilobda daxmareba gaewia mecnierebis<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis da misi miRwevebic gamoeyenebina. eklesiisa da mecnierebis<br />
TanamSromlobis araCveulebrivi magaliTis dasaxeleba Tqvenive<br />
realobidan SeiZleba. amis araCveulebrivi magaliTia `sinis mTaze<br />
wm. ekaterines monasterSi 1975 w. aRmoCenil qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba“,<br />
romelic 2005 wels aTenSi gamoica. paleografiis SesaniSnavi<br />
specialistebi: SaniZe, aleqsiZe, qavTaria, xecuriani da mesxi<br />
mowmeni arian mecnierebisa da eklesiis mWidro TanamSromlobisa. eklesia<br />
aRiarebs, pativs scems da afasebs maT did Rvawls, vinaidan es<br />
monumenturi wigni maTi udidesi ZalisxmeviTa da Tavganwirvis fasad<br />
daiwera. am mecnierebma urTules pirobebSi imuSaves. maT ar hqondaT is<br />
pirobebi da SeRavaTebi, romlebic dasavleTis did mecnierebs gaaCniaT.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom maT normaluri saarsebo pirobebi ar gaaCndaT,<br />
mainc Tavdadebulad iSromes, raTa qarTveli xalxisTvis miewodebinaT<br />
uZvirfasesi masala maTi mravalsaukunovani istoriisa da maRali sulieri<br />
faseulobebis Sesaxeb.<br />
sulierebisa da mecnierebis harmoniuli Serwymis magaliTad SegviZlia<br />
davasaxeloT agreTve yirimis mTavarepiskoposi luka. misi wvlili<br />
samedicino dargSi aRiarebuli da dafasebuli aRmoCnda TviT aTeisturi<br />
saxelmwifos mier. wmida lukam, erTi mxriv, gamoiyena Tavisi mecnieruli<br />
niWi, xolo, meore mxriv, ganuwyveteli locvisa da adamianisad-<br />
226
mi usazRvro siyvarulis wyalobiT namdvili saswaulebi moaxdina. man<br />
warmoudgeneli qirurgiuli operaciebi gaakeTa. amitomac mas RmerTma<br />
gankurnebis madli misca da dResac, sikvdilis Semdeg, igi saswaulebs<br />
axdens.<br />
isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom arc mecniereba ewinaaRmdegeba Cveni eklesiis<br />
moZRvrebas, Cveni marTlmadidebeli dedaeklesiis rwmenas. mecnieruli<br />
kvleva ver SeZlebs wmida werilis gauqmebas.<br />
is winaaRmdegobebi, romelTa Sesaxebac xSirad saubroben or-<br />
Todoqsologi mecnierebi, fenomenaluria da samyaros Sesaxeb ukve<br />
ganvlil da nakleb codnas moicavs, romlebsac miviwyebul da naklul<br />
mtkicebulebebad miviCnevT.<br />
miuxedavad mecnierebis udidesi miRwevebisa, Cveni codna mainc umniSvneloa<br />
samyaros ganzomilebebTan SedarebiT. WeSmaritad didi<br />
da gulwrfeli mecnierebi, mravalwliani da dauRalavi kvlevis Semdeg,<br />
aRiareben sakuTar uZlurebas. adamians rom SeZleboda mTlianad<br />
ar STanTqmuliyo kvleva-ZiebaSi da sruly<strong>of</strong>ili da sferuli codna<br />
hqonoda saganTa da movlenaTa Sesaxeb, mixvdeboda, rom arsebiTad arc<br />
arsebobs winaaRmdegoba mecnierebasa da religias Soris, mecnierebasa<br />
da biblias Soris.<br />
amis magaliTad saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidentis,<br />
cnobili enaTmecnieris, baton Tamaz gamyreliZis gamokvlevebs davasaxelebdiT.<br />
misma Teoriam indoevropelebisa da indoevropuli enebis<br />
Sesaxeb, romelic rus mecnierTan, pr<strong>of</strong>esor viaCeslav ivanovTan<br />
TanamSromlobiT Camoayaliba, axali ganzomilebebi misca indoevropelTa<br />
warmomavlobis sakiTxs, romlisganac momdinareobs Tanamedrove<br />
evropel xalxTa umetesoba. cxadia, yvela sakiTxze ver gavamaxvilebT<br />
yuradRebas, magram aRvniSnavT, rom maT mier dadgenili sazRvrebi,<br />
kavkasiis samxreTiT da mesopotamiis CrdiloeTiT, savsebiT eTanxmeba<br />
bibliis genealogias, romlis Tanaxmadac iafeti, anu indoevropelTa<br />
mama, berZnuli miTologiis Tanaxmad _ iafetosi, noes Ze iyo, romelmac,<br />
rogorc cnobilia, kidobnis meSveobiT miaRwia kavkasiis samxre-<br />
TiT da mesopotamiidan CrdiloeTiT mdebare araratis mTas (dab. 8,4).<br />
am regionidan, sadac akurTxa RmerTma is da Zeni misni, `romelTac ganiyvnes<br />
Walakni warmarTTani qveyanasa maTsa, TiToeul, enad-enad tomTa<br />
Sina maTTa da naTesavTa Sina maTTa“. (dab. 10,5), anu jer kidev ar iyo<br />
dawyebuli enebis day<strong>of</strong>a.<br />
eklesias miznad ara aqvs dasaxuli adamianebs aswavlos, rogor<br />
Seicnon gonebisa da logikis meSveobiT samyaro, misi Seqmna da ganvi-<br />
Tareba, ise rogorc amas mecniereba cdilobs. amitomac, ar aris dakavebuli<br />
mecnieruli problemebiT, arc mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebs<br />
aqcevs dogmebad da arc mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebis eSinia. eklesias<br />
ar aviwydeba, rom es Sedegebi mis sferos ar warmoadgens. eklesiam ramdenjerac<br />
daiviwya Tavisi funqcia, rogorc es araerTgzis momxdara<br />
227
dasavleTis eklesiaSi, da Seecada, Careuliyo mecnierul problemebSi,<br />
seriozul winaaRmdegobebs waawyda da istoriuli Secdomebic Caidina.<br />
amis magaliTi inkviziciaa.<br />
Tuki, magaliTad, romelime samecniero dargs aviRebT, davuSvaT _<br />
enaTmecnierebas, davinaxavT, rom igi Sedarebis meTodis gamoyenebiT<br />
Tavdapirveli enis aRdgenas cdilobs da midis indoevropul enebTan,<br />
an enasTan, romelzec pirveli indoevropelebi saubrobdnen. eklesiis<br />
saqme ar aris pirveladi enis aRdgena, aramed adamianis modgmis gaTi-<br />
Suloba, vinaidan ampartavnobiT gamowveulma gaTiSulobam moitana kidevac<br />
enebis day<strong>of</strong>a. misi aRdgena moxda sulTm<strong>of</strong>enobisas, suliwmidis<br />
gardamosvlis Sedegad, rogorc amas dResaswaulis kondaki gvauwyebs.<br />
msgavsi gziT mecniereba dRes adamianisagan bevri ucxo enis codnas<br />
moiTxovs, raTa Seiswavlos ama Tu im eris miRwevebi da am gziT aiTvisos<br />
uzarmazari bibliografia. magram RmerTi, pavle mociqulis piriT,<br />
adamianisagan mxolod erTi enis codnas moiTxovs, am enas siyvaruli<br />
hqvia. `kacTa da angelozTa enebzec rom vmetyvelebde, siyuaruli Tu<br />
ara maqvs, mxolod rvali var moJRriale, mxolod wkriala winwili“ (I<br />
kor. 13,1). asketi mamebi gveubnebian: `momaval saukuneTa ena dumilia“.<br />
rogorc vxedavT, eklesia ufro martivad azrovnebs, magram ufro did<br />
siRrmeebs swvdeba.<br />
imaves gulisxmobda aToneli beri mama paisi, rodesac am aTiode<br />
wlis win erT gamoCenil amerikel mecniers mimarTa kiTxviT: `ras miaRwieT<br />
Tqven?“ mecnierma upasuxa: `mTvareze avediT, kosmosSi gavediT“.<br />
`ra dagijdaT?“ – hkiTxa kvlav paisim. `uTvalavi raodenobis fuli,<br />
milionobiT dolari“ – iyo amerikelis pasuxi. paisim ki dialogi ase<br />
daamTavra: `Cven, marTlmadideblebi, mxolod gamxmari puris natexiT<br />
RmerTTan avdivarT“. da ase aswavla amerikel mecniers adamianis WeSmariti<br />
daniSnuleba. amitom yovelTvis unda ganvasxvaoT mecnierebisa da<br />
religiis roli da daniSnuleba.<br />
marTlmadidebeli tradiciis Tanaxmad, RmerTis sruly<strong>of</strong>ili codna<br />
azrovnebiT ar miiRweva. wmida siluanem ucdomeli kriteriumi dagvitova<br />
gamosacnobad WeSmaritad sulieri adamianisa, WeSmariti mecnierisa,<br />
romelmac sruly<strong>of</strong>il codnas miaRwia. igi wers: `raoden brZenic unda<br />
iyos adamiani, rogori mecnieric unda iyos igi, rogori mSvenieric<br />
unda iyos, Tuki mas Tavisi mteri ar uyvars an nebismieri adamiani, mas<br />
RmerTi ver Seucvnia. da piriqiT, Tundac ubralo, Raribi, uvici iyos<br />
adamiani, magram gulSi siyvaruli aqvs, `igi RmerTSia, da masSi aris<br />
RmerTi“. is, visac aseTi siyvaruli SeuZlia, igi maradiuli cxovrebis<br />
Tanaziaria, da amis dasturi mis gulSi arsebobs. igi suliwmidis Wur-<br />
Welsa da sadgoms warmoadgens da suliwmidis meoxebiT Seicnobs mamasa<br />
da Zes. yoveldRiuri cxovrebis wesiT xdeba Zma da megobari qristesi.<br />
mecniereba da filos<strong>of</strong>ia, mama s<strong>of</strong>roniosis Tanaxmad, Tavis Tavs<br />
aseT SekiTxvas usvams: `ra aris WeSmariteba?~ namdvili qristianuli<br />
228
sindisi ki WeSmaritebisken imzireba da misi SekiTxva aseTia: `vin aris<br />
WeSmariteba?“ mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic brals sdeben eklesias<br />
imaSi, rom igi damabrkolebelia, qristianebs niadaggamoclil<br />
meocnebeebad miiCneven, xolo TavianTi Tavi myar safuZvelze mdgomi<br />
hgoniaT. imas ki ver xvdebian, rom absoluturi WeSmariteba mxolod<br />
erTaderTia: `vin“ da araviTar SemTxvevaSi `ra“, radgan WeSmariteba<br />
ar aris Teoriuli saxis, arc abstraqtuli idea, aramed cxovrebaa. aki<br />
gviTxra uzenaesma: `me var WeSmariteba da cxovreba“. qristianoba arc<br />
`filos<strong>of</strong>osoba da arc moZRvreba ar aris, igi cxovrebis wesia. logikiT<br />
moxibluli kacobrioba dabanguli cxovrobs – ambobs siluane. ara<br />
mxolod teqnikuri mecnierebi da filos<strong>of</strong>osebi usvamen TavianT Tavs<br />
SekiTxvas: `ra aris WeSmariteba?“, aramed TviT religiurad mcxovreb<br />
adamianebSic SeimCneva msgavsi cduneba: ase magaliTad, rodesac religiurad<br />
moazrovne goneba cdilobs, gaigos WeSmariteba RvTisa da misi<br />
Zalis Sesaxeb, imave Secdomas uSvebs, rasac mecniereba Tavisi mizezSedegobrivi<br />
dasabamiT, da filos<strong>of</strong>ia Tavisi racionalizmiT, anu mcdelobiT,<br />
WeSmaritebas Caswvdes kiTxviT: `ra“. WeSmariteba ki logikis meSveobiT<br />
ar Seicnoba. RmerTi, romelic aris `vin“, mxolod y<strong>of</strong>ierebaSi<br />
Seicnoba anu _ suliwmidiseuli gamocxadebiT.<br />
namdvili codna sabolood romelime saganze dakvirvebis Sedegs ar<br />
warmoadgens. igi cocxal RmerTTan `pirispir“ urTierTobis Sedegia.<br />
RmerTis marTlmadidebluri gaazreba sikeTis, siyvarulisa da sxva<br />
grZnobaTa abstraqtuli Teoria ar aris. avTentikuri sulieri cxovreba<br />
fantaziisagan gansxvavebulia da RmerTis sulSi damkvidrebiT xdeba,<br />
_ rodesac sulma aRiqva `igi“ da ganicada ontologiurad, rom mas<br />
uyvars, aris keTili, didebuli, maradiuli.<br />
kidev erTxel did madlobas mogaxsenebT yvelas moniWebuli pativisaTvis,<br />
romelic aris dasturi Tqveni siyvarulisa; Tqveni qveynis sulieri<br />
adamianebi gamsWvalulni arian marTlmadidebluri azrovnebiT<br />
da mWidro kavSiri aqvT qristianul marTlmadideblur moZRvrebasTan.<br />
sarwmunoebas Rrmad aqvs fesvebi gamdgari qarTveli xalxis y<strong>of</strong>aSi.<br />
mTeli guliT gisurvebT, rom RmerTma dalocos saqmeni Tqvenni,<br />
xolo Tqvenma xelisuflebam yoveli Rone ixmaros am saqmianobis xelSesawyobad,<br />
vinaidan kargad organizebuli da ganviTarebuli mecnierebaTa<br />
akademia xels Seuwyobs mTeli qveynis winsvlasa da ganviTarebas. eklesia,<br />
Tavisi gamorCeuli meTauris, Cveni sayvareli Zmis, sruliad saqarTvelos<br />
kaTolikos-patriarqis, meufe ilias meSveobiT, romelsac Tqven<br />
ase Zalian uyvarxarT da romelic esoden uwyobs xels Tqvens saqmianobas,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki saeklesio xelovnebis dargSi, mwams, rom mudam Tqven<br />
gverdiT iqneba da ilocebs Tqveni Sromis winsvlisa da dafasebisaTvis.<br />
madli da wyaloba uflisa Cvenisa iyos Tqven yovelTa Tana. amin!<br />
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sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis,<br />
uwmidesisa da unetaresis<br />
ilia II sityva,<br />
warmoTqmuli sarkeebian darbazSi<br />
Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqo,<br />
Tqveno aRmatebulebav, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli<br />
akademiis prezidento,<br />
batono akademikosebo,<br />
qalbatonebo da batonebo,<br />
dRevandeli dRe kidev erTxel mowmobs imas, Tu ramdenad axlosaa<br />
erTmaneTTan mecniereba da rwmena. me maxsendeba erTi SemTxveva _ sabWoTa<br />
kavSiris meTauri ekiTxeba akademikos pavlovs: `nuTu Tqven, ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />
aRiarebuli mecnieri, morwmune brZandebiT?~. akademikosi pavlovi pasuxobs:<br />
`roca Cven vswavlobT adamianis sisxls, morwmune ki ara, SeiZleba<br />
wmindani gaxde~; ai, amdenad amtkicebs es RvTis arsebobas. . .<br />
kargad mogexsenebaT, rom es sakiTxi _ codnisa da rwmenis urTier-<br />
Tobisa _ uZvelesi sakiTxia da jer kidev I_II saukuneebSi ganixileboda.<br />
am sakiTxs gansakuTrebiT vrclad Seexo klimenti aleqsandrieli. is<br />
ambobs, rom pirveladi aris rwmena da rwmenaze dafuZnebulia codna.<br />
ufali Cveni ieso qriste brZanebs: `iyaviT sruly<strong>of</strong>ilni, viTarca<br />
mamaTqveni zecieri sruly<strong>of</strong>il ars~. es kidev erTxel mowmobs imas, rom<br />
ar SeiZleba adamianis ganviTareba, iqneba es sulieri Tu mecnieruli<br />
sruly<strong>of</strong>a, Sewydes raRac garkveul etapze, es dausrulebeli procesia;<br />
es kidev erTxel mowmobs imas, rom kacobriobam gansakuTrebuli yurad-<br />
Reba unda miaqcios orive faqtors – rwmenasa da codnas. is liberalizmi,<br />
romelic evropaSi warmoiSva, ganviTarda da aman Sedegad migviyvana<br />
aTeizmamde. magram adamianSi aRmoCnda imdeni sulieri Zala, rom igi<br />
gamovida am burusidan da realurad Sexeda movlenebs...<br />
urwmuno adamianis xelSi mecniereba, mogexsenebaT, saSiSia da is vi-<br />
Tareba, romelic am bolo saukuneebis manZilze Seiqmna, aixsneba imiT,<br />
rom kacobriobam mecnierebas ufro meti yuradReba miaqcia, vidre sulierebas.<br />
suliereba da mecniereba Tu ar ganviTarda paralelurad, es<br />
ukanaskneli SeiZleba saSiSic gaxdes. ai, amitom, saWiroa es ori faqtori<br />
harmoniulad ganviTardes.<br />
me maxsendeba erT-erTi Cemi pr<strong>of</strong>esoris leqcia; is ambobda, rom iyo<br />
ori astronomi, cnobili pirovnebebi... erTi maTgani amtkicebda, rom<br />
RmerTi arsebobs, meore ambobda: `mTeli sicocxle vuyureb cas, vswavlob<br />
planetebs, varskvlavebs da me iq arasdros minaxavs RmerTi~; da im<br />
pirvelma upasuxa: `Sen dagaviwyda erTi ram: Sen unda Caixedo Sens gulSi<br />
da iq dainaxav RmerTs~. ai, aseTi adamiani marTlac matarebelia suli<br />
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wmidisa. saerTod unda iTqvas, rom adamianis sulieri samyaro arasdros<br />
carieli ar rCeba; is aris taZari an sulisa wmidisa, an boroti<br />
sulisa.<br />
wmida mama ambobs: `he, ufalo, momaniWe me gancdaÁ TvisTa codvaTa da<br />
ara gankiTxva Zmisa Cemisa~. ai, es sulieri ganwmenda aucilebelia, rom<br />
adamianma dainaxos RmerTi da ufali Sevides adamianis gulSi.<br />
me minda vTqva, rom saqarTvelo yovelTvis gamoirCeoda imiT, rom<br />
mecniereba da rwmena mudam erTad viTardeboda; mogexsenebaT, rom yoveli<br />
monasteri iyo ara marto sulierebis centri, aramed didi mecnieruli<br />
centric da Cven gvinda, rom Cveni es tradicia gagrZeldes.<br />
me minda visargeblo am SemTxveviT da vTxovo mis yovladuwmidesobas<br />
erTi ram: XIX saukunis bolos aTonis mTaze cxovrobda berZeni beri,<br />
romelsac erqva kirilos lavrioTisi. es beri Zalian bevrs muSaobda<br />
saRvTo werilze da gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda ioane RvTismetyvelis<br />
apokalifss; mas aqvs Zalian saintereso gamokvlevebi da sulieri<br />
xedva; gamokvlevis erT-erT adgilas is ambobs, rom filadelfiis<br />
eklesiaSi igulisxmeba swored saqarTvelos eklesia da saqarTvelo. es<br />
xdeba im dros, roca saqarTvelo kargavs Tavis politikur damoukideblobas,<br />
xolo saqarTvelos eklesia kargavs avtokefalias. kirilos<br />
lavrioTisis Sesaxeb waikiTxa leqcia Cvens universitetSi erT-erTma<br />
berZenma pr<strong>of</strong>esorma. Cveni xalxi metad dainteresebulia am mecnieri<br />
beris moRvaweobiT. CvenTvis cnobilia, rom nawili am Sromisa aris<br />
aTonis mTaze, xolo meore nawili _ aTenis mecnierebaTa akademiaSi.<br />
kargi iqneboda, am gamokvlevis asli Cvenc gvqonoda; es CvenTvis metad<br />
saintereso iqneboda da gvinda Tqveni locva-kurTxeva amis Taobaze.<br />
dasasrul, Cveni eklesiisa da Cveni mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis<br />
saxeliT, Cveni akademikosebis saxeliT, minda mivuloco mis yovladuwmidesobas<br />
es maRali wodeba; me minda vTqva, rom misma yovladuwmidesobam<br />
miiRo es jildo ara marto imisaTvis, rom es didi pativia da<br />
es pativi ekuTvnis piradad mas rogorc ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqs, aramed es<br />
man daimsaxura rogorc mkvlevarma misi gamorCeuli Sromebisa gamo;<br />
mogexsenebaT, misi yovladuwmidesoba brZandeba didi Teologi da didi<br />
mecnieri.<br />
kidev erTxel gilocavT, Tqveno yovladuwmidesobav, am maRal<br />
wodebas.<br />
231
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia<br />
_ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs<br />
didi iubile<br />
Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />
milocvebi<br />
zurab wereTeli<br />
fridon Todua<br />
ana kalandaZe<br />
merab berZeniSvili<br />
anzor erqomaiSvili<br />
Rvawli patriarqisa<br />
Tamaz gamyreliZe<br />
roin metreveli<br />
guram TevzaZe<br />
zaza aleqsiZe<br />
SoTa nadiraSvili<br />
mariam lorTqifaniZe<br />
mama giorgi zviadaZe<br />
joni xecuriani<br />
gvanca koplataZe<br />
jaba samuSia<br />
damana meliqiSvili<br />
serqo vardosaniZe<br />
sergo vardosaniZe<br />
goGa guguSvili<br />
Tamila mgalobliSvili<br />
qronika<br />
romis papi da saqarTvelos patriarqi<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lio patriarqis viziti<br />
Semdgeneli _ akad. roin metreveli<br />
redaqtorebi _ nodar gioSvili, margo inasariZe<br />
mxatvar-dizaineri _ dea jabua<br />
kompiuteruli uzrunvely<strong>of</strong>a _ giorgi bagrationi,<br />
nana qvaGaxia<br />
ISBN 978-9941-9018-0-5<br />
saarqivo foto masalis mowodebisaTvis madlobas movaxsenebT<br />
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivs<br />
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