Kote Tsereteli.pdf

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia
konstantine wereTeli
Tbilisi
2011

akademikos konstantine wereTelze wlebis ganmavlobaSi
uamravi sagazeTo statia gamoqveynebula sxvadasxva
wamyvan gazeTebSi. aRniSnuli masala iseT saintereso informacias
inaxavda batoni kotes Sesaxeb, rom gadavwyviteT
es patara bukleti swored sagazeTo statiebSi dabeWdili
amonaridebidan agvewyo, romelic sxvadasxva dros, sxvadasxva
adgilas, sxvadasxva adamianebis avtorobiT daibe­
Wda.
bukletSi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa Tavad batoni
kotes mier moyolili sakuTari istoria, romelic darwmunebuli
var gulgrils aravis ar datovebs, Tundac im
adamians, vinc am wuTamdec fiqrobs, rom kote wereTels
kargad icnobda.
dRes saSualeba geZlevaT kidev erTxel gavixsenoT
CvenTvis sayvareli adamiani, didi mecnieri da sazogado
moRvawe, romlis cxovrebis wessa da msoflxedvas yvelaze
kargad bibliis es sityvebi gamoxatavs:
“keTili saxeli sjobs Zvirfas nelsacxebels”.
Semdgeneli:
Tamar maxaraSvili
© saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademia, 2011

mecnieruli mimoxilva
dRes Cven baton konstantine wereTelze, samwuxarod,
warsul droSi gvixdeba saubari, rodesac yovel
CvenganSi, mis axloblebSi, kolegebSi da mowafeeb­
Si jer kidev cocxalia masTan urTierTobis siTbo da
STabeWdilebebi. dRes Cven madlierebiT vixsenebT am
did pirovnebas, romelmac waruSleli kvali datova
aramarto qarTul mecnierebaSi, aramed msoflio orientilistikaSi.
Tvals vadevnebT baton kotes cxovrebas da gvaocebs
misi saqmianobis mravalmxrivoba, gvikvirs, es susti
janmrTelobis adamiani ramdens aswrebda, ramdens
swvdeboda. qarTul, rusul, inglisur, germanul,
italiur, arabul, ebraul da sxva enebze gamoqveynebuli
314 samecniero naSromi, misi redaqtorobiT
gamocemuli 30 wigni, qarTveli, rusi, Cexi, germaneli,
poloneli, arabi, italieli, ungreli, frangi, ebraeli
mecnierebis misi Semoqmedebisadmi miZRvnili publikaciebi
– mecnieris da moqalaqis arasruli portretia.
filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori,
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis namdvili wevri,
mecnierebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe, konstantine wereTeli
daibada 1921 wels TbilisSi da grZeli da saintereso
cxovrebis gza ganvlo. batoni konstantine
wereTlis mecnieruli Semoqmedeba didi diapazoniT
gamoirCeoda. igi iyo farTo profilis enaTmecnieri
da orientalisti, sxvadasxva dros kiTxulobda
3

konstantine wereTeli - 90
kursebs arabul Si, ebraulSi,
arameulSi, semitur enaTa
Seswavlis Sesavalsa da SedarebiT
gramatikaSi Ziri­
Tadad Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetSi, Tbilisis pedagogiur
universitetsa da
Tbilisis aziisa da afrikis
institutSi. mogvianebiT, batoni
kote ityvis: „axalgazrdebaTan
urTierToba Cemi
cxovrebis mizans qmnis“.
1991 wels batoni kote dainiSna mis mier daarsebul
ebraul-arameuli filologiis kaTedris gamged. 1994
wlidan ki saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministrosTan
arsebuli aRmosavlur enaTa swavlebis koordinaciis
centris xelmZRvanelad. misi iniciativiT Tbilisis
qarTul skolebSi SemoRebul iqna aRmosavluri enebis
(arabuli, ebrauli, sparsuli, Turquli) swavleba.
didi xnis manZilze iyo sulxan-saba orbelianis
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis
aRmosavlur enaTa kaTedris profesori.
1996 wels mas aRniSnuli universitetis sapatio
profesoris wodeba mieniWa. batoni kote iyo araerTi
qarTveli da ucxoeli axalgazrdis xelmZRvaneli da
gulisxmieri aRmzrdeli. misi urTierToba studentebTan
scildeboda formalur CarCoebs. xolo baton
kotes da qalbaton leilas ojaxi is Tbili da stumarTmoyvare
saxli iyo, romlis kari studentebisaTvis
mudam Ria gaxldaT.
4

mecnieruli mimoxilva
akademikosi konstantine wereTeli ar ekuTvnoda
im pirovnebaTa ricxvs, romlebmac sicocxleSi ver
hpoves saTanado aRiareba. mis saxelTan jildo ebis
vrceli siaa dakavSirebuli: Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis 3 pirveli xarisxis samecniero premia;
i. javaxiSvilis medali(1978); helsinkis universitetis
medali (1979); i. javaxiSvilis premia(1980); sapatio
niSnis ordeni(1981); Sromis veteranis medali(1987);
akad.g. wereTlis premia(1989); Rirsebis ordeni(1996);
saxelmwifo premia(1998); Tbilisis sapatio moqalaqis
wodeba(1999); israelis mecnierebaTa albert ainStainis
medali (1999).
konstantine wereTlis mravalmxrivi samecniero
morvaweobis RerZi arameistika da ebraistika iyo.
dRes arameuli dialeqtologiis kvleva warmatebiT
mimdinareobs germaniasa da italiaSi, aSS-Si da israelSi,
iaponiasa da inglisSi, magram batoni kote
samarTlianad iTvleba arameul dialeqtologiis
fuZemdeblad. ganuzomelia misi wvlili Zveli da axali
arameulis kvlevis saqmeSi. naSromebma „narkvevebi
Tanamedrove asuruli dialeqtebis SedarebiTi
fonetikisa“(1958), Tanamedrove asurulis qrestoma­
Tia leqsikoniTurT (asurul-qarTuli, 1958), rusul
enaze moskovSi gamocemuli(1964) da mogvianebiT inglisur,
germanul da italiur enebze Targmnili da
neapolSi, laifcigsa da moskovSi gamoqveynebuli
„Tanamedrove asuruli ena“, „masalebi arameuli dialeqtologiisaTvis“
(rusul enaze,(1965), t.1, urmiis
dialeqti). Tanamedrove asuruli enis gramatika“
(1968) sxvadasxva qveynebSi moRvawe aRmosavleTmcod­
5

konstantine wereTeli - 90
neobis yuradReba miiqcia da maRali Sefaseba daimsaxura
iohanes fridrixis (germania), franc althaimis
(germania), devid lengis (britaneTi), karel petraCekis
(CexeTi), stanislav segerti (aSS) da sxv.
1970 wels moskovSi gamovida misi naSromi „siriuli
ena“, romelzec avtors i. javaxiSvilis sax. premia
mieniWa. am naSromebSi Sesuli teqstologiuri masala
xSir SemTxvevaSi mecnieris mier iyo mopovebuli.
1963 wels man gamoaqveyna vanis dialeqtze Sedgenili
teqstebis nimuSebi, romelzedac metyveleben
saqarTveloSi, TurqeTis vilaieTidan gadmosaxlebuli
asurelebi.
1975 wels gamovida k. wereTlis mier Sedgenili
asuruli zRaprebis krebuli. misi winasityvaobiT da
SeniSvnebiT.
1976 wels k. wereTelma gamoaqveyna agreTve
teqstebis nimuSebi Tanamedrove asuruli enis, salamasis
dialeqtebze (iranidan gadmosaxlebul asurelTa
enaze).
wlebis manZilze dagrovili gamocdileba konstantine
wereTelma ganazogada 1982 wels gamocemul
naSromSi „arameuli ena“, romelSic pirvelad aris warmodgenili
Zveli da axali arameuli enis lingvisturi
mimoxilva. wigni, romelic qarTul da rusul enebze
gamoqveynda avtorma Tavisi maswavleblis giorgi wereTlis
xsovnas miuZRvna. swored aRniSnuli gamokvleva
gaxda is naSromi, romelsac pirvelad mieniWa saqarTveloSi
semitologiis fuZemdeblis akad. giorgi wereTlis
saxelobis premia. da es savsebiT kanonzomieria,
vinaidan konstantine wereTeli giorgi wereTlis mra­
6

mecnieruli mimoxilva
valricxovani semitologiuri skolis yvelaze TvalsaCino
warmomadgeneli iyo.
didi adgili eTmoba k.wereTlis SemoqmedebaSi
ebaul-arameul epigrafikas. saqarTveloSi aRmoCenil
arameul warwerebs mkvlevarma araerTi naSromi uZ­
Rvna. maT Soris saqarTvelos uZveles epigrafikul
Zegls, Zv.w. III -II.)s. ufliscixis warweras. k. wereTelma
saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli arameuli damwerlobis
sami tipi gamoavlina: Crdilomesopotamiuri, falauri
da Zveli (e.w. saxelmwifo) arameuli. mecnieris
naSromebSi naCvenebia arameuli damwerlobis gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba qarTuli kulturisaTvis,
mocemulia Zeglebis paleografiuli analizi, Seswavlilia
terminebi. aRsaniSnavia gamokvlevebi arameuli
da iranuli epigrafikis „bar_baiTas“ Sesaxeb, rac niSnavs
„saxlis Zes, saxlis Svils“, igive sefe_wuls.
saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili ebrauli grafikiT Sesrulebul
arameulenovan me-5 s. epitafiaSi man amoikiTxa
„qarTvelis“ aRmniSvneli termini „gurg“.
baton kotes SemoqmedebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili
eTmoba ebrauli enis struqturas. 1944 wlidan gardacvalebamde
igi kiTxulobda bibliuri enis kurss
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, im wlebSic, roca
sabWoTa kavSirSi Zlieri iyo antisemitisturi ganwyobileba.
misi mravalwliani gamocdileba aisaxa sauniversiteto
konkursisaTvis daweril saxelmZRvaneloSi
„bibliis ebrauli ena“ (2001w.), romelic moicavs gramatikas,
bibliur teqstebsa da leqsikons. amasTanave
mkvlevari saTanadod swavlobda qarTul-aRmosavlur
da maT Soris, qarTul-ebraul enobriv da kulturul
7

konstantine wereTeli - 90
istoriul urTierTobebs. aRsaniSnavia misi naSromebi
„paranomazia qarTulSi“(1954), „kompozitebis SedgenilobisaTvis
ebraulSi“ (1961), „adgilobrivi brunvis
(lokativi) warmoSobisaTvis Zvel ebraulsa da
arameulSi“ (1963), „ebrauli damwerloba, ebrauli ena“
(1977), „ebraelis“ aRmniSvneli eTnikuri terminebi qar-
TulSi“(1979), “ qarTuli eTnikuri terminis “uria“-s,
„huria-s“ Sesaxeb (1979), „termin „ivriTis“ xmarebis
Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi“ (rusul enaze 1983),
„qarTvelisa“ da „saqarTvelos“ aRmniSvneli terminebis
Sesaxeb arameulsa da ebraulSi“ (1993), „qarTvel
ebraelTa enis sakiTxisaTvis “ (1994).
ebrauli enis struqturis sakiTxebis mkvlevari
Seexo gamokvlevebs semituri enebis Sesaxebac _
„semituri enebi sabWoTa kavSirSi“ (inglisurad, tokio
1968) „xSulTa spirantizaciis sakiTxisaTvis Tanamedrove
semitur enebSi“ (1976), germanulad 1980),
„erTi suprasegmenturi fonemis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove
semiturSi“ (1976, inglisurad 1982), „mamakacisa da
qalis aRmniSvneli sityvebi semiturSi“ (1987), 2000
wels gamocemul wignSi „semiti xalxebis aRmniSvneli
eTnikuri terminebi qarTulSi“ avtori Seexo terminTa
gavrcelebis dros da ares, Semosvlis gzebs da
etomilogias. gamokvlevaSi gamoyenebulia ara marto
qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebi, aramed bibliis ebrauli,
berZnuli, somxuri da siriuli teqstebi.
batoni kote mudam aqtiurad exmaureboda orientalistikis
mniSvnelovan movlenebs. mis SemoqmedebaSi
didi adgili eTmoba recenziebs aRniSnul dargSi gamocemul
naSromebze, Tavisi kolegebisa da megobrebis
8

mecnieruli mimoxilva
Semoqmedebis Sefasebas da dafasebas _ a. lekiaSvilis,
vl. axvledianis, m.andronikaSvilis, n.babalikaSvilis,
a. ciciaSvilis, r. TabukaSvilis da gansakuTrebiT
pedagogebis _ g. wereTlis, a. SaniZis, s. jiqias.
„maswavleblis Sroma aunazRaurebelia“, _ miaCnda
mas da sakuTari magaliTiT aswavlida Tavis studentebs,
Tu ras niSnavs memkvidreobiToba mecnierebaSi da
rogor unda aRmzrdelis dafaseba. aRsaniSnavia batoni
kotes gamoxmaureba sirieli poetis osman nizar xaliliseuli
„vefxistyaosnis“ arabul Targmanze(1980),
boris gaponovis mier „vefxistyaosnis“ ebraul Targmanze
(1989); ebrauli bibliis qarTul Targmanze abram
mamisTvalovis, gerSon ben-orenis, (wiwuaSvilis) da
Tamar kezeraSvilis mier (1991) wels.
80 wlis asakSi batoni kote ambobda: „me dResac
vcdilob Zveleburi SemarTebiT vimuSao“ da ara marto
cdilobda aramed, naTqvams warmatebiT axorcielebda,
vinaidan sicocxlis ukanasknel wuTamde ar ganelebia
mecnieruli cnobismoyvareoba.
akademikos konstantine wereTlis saxeli didi
xania gascda saqarTvelos farglebs. saerTaSoriso
aRiarebaze metyvelebs misi arCeva germaniis aRmosavleTmcodneTa
samecniero sazogadoebisa da germaniis
aRmosavleTis Semswavleli saerTaSoriso sazogado ebis
namdvil wevrad(1971), xmelTaSua zRvis auzis civilizaciebis
Semswavleli saerTaSoriso asociaciis(1975),
da amerikis orientalisturi sazogadoebis sapatio
wevrad(1978). konstantine wereTeli araerTxel warmsdgara
msmenelebis winaSe leqciebiTa da moxsenebebiT:
germaniaSi, safrangeTSi, inglisSi, italiaSi, fineTSi,
9

konstantine wereTeli - 90
poloneTSi, ruseTSi, eraySi, inglisSi, indoeTSi, avstraliaSi,
israelsa da iaponiaSi.
batoni kotes cxovrebis mniSvnelovani nawili
sazogadoebis saqmianoba iyo. igi iyo araerTi samecniero
sabWos Tu sazogadoebis wevri, Tavisi dargis
propagandisti da aqtiuri moqalaqe, aristokrati mecnierebaSi
da demokrati cxovrebaSi, romelic „imedis
TvaliT“ uyurebda momavals da miaCnda, rom „imedi
RvTiuri niWia“.
batoni konstantine wereTeli bednier adamianad
SeiZleboda migveCnia, rom ara misi pirovnuli tragedia,
erTaderTi vaJis dakargvis gamo.
Sewyda akademikos konstantine wereTlis sicocxle.
misi cxovrebis gza samudamod darCeba eris samsaxuris
nimuSad yvela qarTvelisTvis da mecnierebis
samsaxuris magaliTad yvela mecnierisTvis.
giuli alasania
aRmosavleTmcodne
profesori
10

konstantine wereTlis Sesaxeb
“keTili saxeli sjobs Zvirfas nelsacxebels”
(kote wereTlis Sesaxeb)
mzia andronikaSvili
erTi Sexedvac ki sakmarisi iyo, rom masSi SegecnoT
zrdili imeri. dResac kargad maxsovs misi saxe,
roca is pirvelad gamoCnda Cvens ugemovno, sabWoTa
samosSi gamowyobil axalgazrdebs Soris. is iyo qera,
gamxdari ymawvili, iseTi, XIX saukunis aristokratebis
fotoebze rom SemogvrCa. energiuli da cocxali,
gaqaTqaTebuli TeTri tilos bluziT, araCveulebrivad
momxibvleli Tavisi sinatifiTa da sifaqiziT. ase­
Ti faqizi darCa igi bolomde, dajildoebuli gadmocemis
SesaniSnavi unariT, rac yovelmxriv Seesabameba
mis garegnobas, mis gvariSvilobas da namdvili mecnierisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel bunebas.
gerSon ben-oreni (wiwuaSvili)
akademikosi konstantine wereTeli garkveuli
TvalsazrisiT ebrauli kulturis matarebelia
saqarTveloSi. am ukanaskneli 55 wlis ganmavlobaSi
bevri mowafe gazarda, bevrma iswavla ebrauli alefbeTi
da aseve bevri eziara ebrauli wignTa wignis _
Tanaxis _ pirveli frazis wakiTxvas misi meSveobiT:
“bereSiT bara elohim eT haSamaim veeT haarec”.
me, rogorc misma mowafem, unda vaRiaro, rom
Tbilisis universitetSi misi leqciebis mosmena arnaxul
gancdas gvgvrida studentebs. es iyo ara marto
11

konstantine wereTeli - 90
mecnierebis, aramed kulturis, adamianuri siTbosa da
siyvarulis ganumeorebeli atmosfero.
k. wereTlis gamokvlevebi ebraistikaSi, mTeli
misi mecnieruli Semoqmedeba, momavali mkvlevarebis
win danTebul sanTels warmoadgens. am sanTlis Zala
dRes gacilebiT Zlieria, radgan misi mowafeebis sanTlis
Suqic miemata.
dae, es Zlieri Suqi yofiliyos israelisa da
qarTuli mecnierebis mudmivi winsvlis, daaxloebisa
da mudmivi TanamSromlobis maradiuli lampari!
akademikosi konstantine wereTeli Cveni drois
erT-erTi didi mecnieria, romelic qarTvel xalxs
daebeda meoce saukuneSi. aq ganzrax vambobT „daebeda“,
radgan marTlacda bedi unda hqondes xalxs, romelsac
aseTi Svili eyoleba - didi mecnieri, mamuliSvili,
uangaro moRvawe, uzado pedagogi, sazRvargareT
qarTuli saqmis mesityve, gulisxmieri aRmzrdeli
momavali Taobisa. da Tu vinmes survili eqneba rodisme,
CamoTvalos misi yvela Rirseba da damsaxureba,
qarTuli sibrZnis erT amosunTqvas SevagebebT: „vin
daTvalos zRvaSi qviSa...“.
konstantine wereTeli is adamiania, romliskenac
ki ar midixar, mifrinav, ki ar miiltvi, migixaria. da
roca bolos da bolos, mixval masTan da gverdiT miujdebi
raime mecnieruli sakiTxis gasarkvevad, garSemo
iseTi atmosfero sufevs, TiTqos fanjrebze, karadebze,
Taroebze angelozebi damsxdaran da mzisferi
TvalebiT Semogcicineben. Tu fanjara Riaa, avtomanqanebis
xorxocis miuxedavad oTaxSi mainc aRwevs
12

konstantine wereTlis Sesaxeb
mtkvris talRebis CurCuli, gansakuTrebiT RamiT;
daskupula mTvare xis kenweroze da hyveba aTas erTi
Ramis zRapars an „qebaTa qebis“ bindbundSi Cabanguli
bageebis gabruebaze...
ramdenad Zvirfasia dro am qveyanaze, yvelam
icis, magram Tuki vinme mova TqvenTan sasaubrod, sakonsultaciod
Tu raime sakiTxis gansaxilvelad, arasodes
ar agrZnobinebT, rom misi vizitis dro amoiwura.
saxes Rimili ar moSordeba, kidev erT Wiqa Cais
SesTavazebT, stumar-maspinZlobis etikets mainc ar
daarRvevT.
Tqvens mier Catarebuli gakveTili ebraulsa
da arabulSi aris nimuSi imisa, Tu rogor Seiwovos
kacma sibrZne, sizuste, siRrme, srulyofileba... es
yvelaferi ar iyo mxolod saleqcio moRvaweobis,
pedagogiuri moRvaweobis erTi TvalsaCino mxare. es
Tqveni piradi Tvisebebic iyo.
Cemi sagazeTo statia albaT imiT unda damewyo,
rom 1921 wlis 4 Tebervals xarT dabadebuli,
damTavrebuli gaqvT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
filologiuri fakulteti. albaT pirvel rigSi,
is unda meTqva, rom 1959 wlidan ukve profesori br­
ZandebiT, ufro mogvianebiT ki _ semitologiis kaTedris
gamge. yvela Tqveni mowafisTvis saamayo faqtia
is, rom amerikis saaRmosavleTmcodneo sazogadoebis
sapatio wevri brZandebiT. rogor SeiZleba ar iamayo
kacma imiT, rom Tqveni leqciebisas Tqveni xeliTve
Sedgenili saxelmZRvaneloTi vswavlobdiT da es mar­
13

konstantine wereTeli - 90
to Cven ki ara, sabWoTa kavSiris sxva universitetebisa
da ucxoeTis universitetebis studentebsac exebodaT.
nuTu SeiZleba im faqtis gverdis avla, rom didi
qarTveli mecnieris ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis premia
moganiWes. saqarTveloSi albaT, aRar darCa iseTi
samecniero tituli, an wodeba, ordeni da medali, rom
Tqven ar mogniWebodeT. miuxedavad amisa, Tqvens wiaRSi
aRzrdilma da dafrTianebulma, didi mecnieris
adamianur mxareebze ufro vamjobine damewera. me mecnierul
mxareebze mindoda mewera, kalamma ki sxva mimarTulebiT
gaiwia...
vici, araerTi momenti gamomrCa Tqveni mecnieruli
moRvaweobidan, magram Tqven imden siTbos
imetebdiT irgvliv myofi adamianebisTvis, rom aman
Tqvens namowafarebs raRac poeturi SegvZina. amitom,
Tu tvinma erTi ram Caifiqra, magram kalamma sxva mimarTulebiT
aiwyvita, es Cveni brali araa, batono
kote. es siyvarulis bralia.
zurab kiknaZe
1944 wlidan sruliad axalgazrda _ 27 wlis konstan
tine wereTels miendo Zveli ebrauli enis swavleba
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi. Svidiode
wlis Semdeg am striqonebis avtors hqonda bedniereba
moesmina es kursi aRmosavleTmcodneobis fakultetis
semitologiis ganyofilebaze. idga mZime xana, SeiZleba
iTqvas, saxelmwifoebrivi antisemitizmis mZvinvarebis
xana.
14

konstantine wereTlis Sesaxeb
ai, aseT periodSi uZRveboda konstantine wereTeli
_ Semdgom semitologiis ganyofilebis gamge
aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutSi, ebraul-arameuli
kaTedris gamge Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitet­
Si, akademikosi, msoflio saxelis mqone arameisti _
bibliis ebraulis kurss. imxanad, namdvilad, Semdgom
SeZenili am donis avtoritetic ki ar iqneboda sakmarisi
imisaTvis, rom ebrauli enis saxelmZRvanelos
idea ganxorcielebuliyo. ase rom, mravali wlis man­
Zilze ebraistikis studentebi moklebuli iyvnen
mSobliur enaze saxelmZRvanelos da kvlav da kvlav
studenturi CanawerebiT kmayofildebodnen. sabednierod,
profesoris leqciebi yovelTvis amomwuravi
iyo, kulturologiuri wiaRsvlebiT gamdidrebulgacocxlebuli,
keTilmoubari, dauzareli leqtori,
siyrmidanve arCeuli dargis enTuziasti, Cven TiToorola
studentis pirispir mjdari, ar kmayofildeboda
am namdvilad ucxo enis uCveulo anabanis da
saqcevebis axsna-ganmartebiT da semituri samyaros
farTo Tvalsawiers gadagviSlida.
Tamar maxaraSvili
mivdivar saxlSi, romelic Cemi studentobis
pirveli wlebidanve CemTvis uZvirfases adgilad iqca,
uznaZis 2 nomerSi, kote wereTlis binaSi, sadac dRes
Tavad batoni kote aRar damxvdeba. am saxlSi bevri
cnobili mecnieri Tu sazogado moRvawe, aqauri, Tu
ucxo qveynis Svili Sesula da am ojaxis xibli da mad­
15

konstantine wereTeli - 90
li ugrZvnia, erTi naxviT saocari mokrZalebiTa da
siyvaruliT ganwyobila batoni kotesadmi. stumarTmoyvare
qarTul ojaxSi, romelic gansakuTrebiT Tbili
keraa yvela aRmosavleTmcodnisaTvis, yovelTvis
migveCqareba, radgan es adgili aRmosavleTmcodneTa
yvela Taobis TavSeyris adgilia _ kote wereTlis patara
kopwia bina.. binaSi bibliuri simSvide, Rvawlmosili
mecnieris wignTa simravlea da sosos naxatebi
_ uniWieresi mxatvar-fermweris, tiloebi soso wereTlisa,
romelic udrood da tragikulad wavida am
qveynidan, magram 25 wlis asakSi moaswro is, rasac bevri
mTeli sicocxlis manZilze ver Seqmnis...
da rac mTavaria, am saxlSi vici, rom leila were­
Teli damxvdeba (qalbatoni leila, leila deida...). ar
vici ramdennairad SeiZleba movixsenio misi saxeli...
ojaxis deda da meuRle. magram amJamad am ojaxis er­
TaderTi burji. batoni kotes wasvlis Semdeg is ufro
Zvirfasi gaxda CvenTvis. xSirad gviTqvams misTvis es
sityvebi. man xom Cveni aseTi siyvaruli im udidesi
siyvarulis wil daimsaxura, romelsac ase uSurvelad
gascems TiToeul CvenTaganze.
ai, axlac zari davreke da vici, rom kars leila
deida gamiRebs.
dRes yvelam viciT, rom rac batonma kotem Seqmna
da datova, lomis wili amaSi swored leila wereTels
ekuTvnis _ kote wereTlis erTgul meuRles, romelic
ase axlobelia CvenTvis da romlis wyalobiTac Cveni
saTayvanebeli mecnierisa da maswavleblis, kote wereTlis
saxlis kari mudam Ria darCeba CvenTvis.
16

konstantine wereTlis Sesaxeb
leila wereTeli
kote manglisSi gavicani 1948 wels, maSin me 21
wlis viyavi, is 26-is. manglisSi im dros mTeli qarTuli
intiligencia iyrida Tavs. kotes deidam damadga
Tvali da mas Semdeg kotemac mouxSira CvenTan siaruls.
1952 wels xeli movawereT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom me da kotes sakmaod rTuli
cxovreba gvarguna bedma, me mainc kmayofili var
bedis, rom mis gverdiT vcxovrobdi da Cveni ojaxi
ase uyvars amden adamians rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise
mis sazRvrebs gareT. uamrav gamoCenil mecnierTan da
sazogado moRvawesTan mqonia urTierToba...
kote wereTlis ucxoeTSi vizitebidan yvelaze
STambeWdavi iyo Cveni viziti iranSi mcxovreb
asurelebTan. modiodnen da kotes xelze kocnidnen,
iCoqebdnen mis win da pativiscemis niSnad, xelSi ayvanili
Seiyvanes darbazSi.
maxsovs fineTSi viyaviT erT-erT konferenciaze
da roca gaiges, rom iq iyo kote wereTeli, misalmebis
msurvelTa mTeli rigi dadga _ me am dros Zalian
amayi viyavi.
da rac mTavaria, gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia
kote wereTlis urTierToba ebraelobasTan da, saer­
Tod, israelTan.
xSirad, roca kote wereTelze saubroben, pirvel
rigSi ebrauli kaTedris damaarseblad moiazreben.
kotes udidesi roli miuZRvis ebraeli xalxis isto­
17

konstantine wereTeli - 90
riis Seswavlasa da maTi enis popularizaciis saqmeSi.
yvelaferi is, rac man gaakeTa am xalxisadmi mxolod
didma siyvarulma SeaZlebina.
kotes ise gansakuTrebulad uyvarda ebraeloba,
rom misi gavleniT, Cemi damokidebulebac am xalxis
mimarT aseTivea. amboben: ebraelebi yvelaze kargad
xedaven da afaseben sikeTeso, es marTlac asea
- ebraelobam kotes marTla daufasa amagi da arc misi
gardacvalebis Semdeg iviwyeben mas. es gamoixateba
maT damokidebulebaSi Cveni ojaxis mimarT.
„Cemi suraTi xatad gaqvs“ - aseTi warwera gaakeTa
kotem erT Tavis suraTze, romelic gansakuTrebulad
miyvars da dResac sasTumalTan midevs.
18

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
„iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT“
Cemi istoria
marTlac Tavisufal qveyanaSi davibade, magram,
samwuxarod damoukidebloba zutad sami kviris Semdeg
davkargeT. rogorc maSin ambobdnen moxda saqarTvelos
gasabWoeba. babuaCemi soso wereTeli Cemze xumrobiT
ityoda xolme_am vaJkacma moiyvana komunistebio. es
ambavi, ra Tqma unda Cemi ojaxisTvis sasiamovno ar
iyo. Tavadur warmomavlobasTan erTad, babua Zveli
drois samxedro pirad iTvleboda. polkovnikis Cins
atarebda. mefis ruseTis samxedro pirebi ki maSin pativSi
ar iyvnen. im xanebSi babua patar-patara sameurneo
xasiaTis samuSaoebs asrulebda da fsiqiatriul
saavadmyofoSi muSaobda. maSin TbilisSi bina ukve ar
gvqonda da am saavadmyofos sauwyebo saxlSi Segvasaxles.
urigi bina ar iyo magram, babua male pensiaze
gauSves, misi adgili daikava erTma pirovnebam, partiis
wevrma, romelic manamde samzareuloSi muSaobda. male
es kaci partkomis mdivani gaxda da Cveni bina xelSi
Caigdo. yofili Tavadis Zveli samxedro piris ojaxi
im binidan gamogvasaxles da fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofos
yofil samrecxaoSi gadagviyvanes, sadac saavadmyofos
pensionerebis Sesaxleba xdeboda. ase davkargeT
SesaniSnavi bina da movxvdiT SenobaSi, romelsac
asfaltis iataki da Zalze sqeli kedlebi hqonda. am
binaSi Svidi wlis asakidan sakmaod xangrZlivad _ 1959
wlamde vcxovrobdi. aq gavxdi studentic, aspirantic,
docentic, doqtoris da profesoris wodebac am
19

konstantine wereTeli - 90
SenobaSi cxovrebisas miviRe. mogvianebiT, mecnierTa
akademiis SuamdgomlobiT miviRe bina.
Cven SesaniSnavi saxli gvqonda saCxereSi, sawereTloSi.
is saxli dResac maxsovs. iq babuaCemis Zmis
irakli wereTlis ojaxi cxovrobda. iraklis sami vaJi
hyavda: zurabi, sardioni da tarieli. samives umaRlesi
ganaTleba hqondaT miRebuli. zurabi mSvenivrad
flobda germanulsa da inglisurs. bavSvobaSi maxsovs,
rogor ambobda zepirad Seqspiris striqonebs.
sardioni samxedro piri iyo, tariels ki kargad esmoda
soflis meurneoba. ganaTlebac am ganxriT hqonda
miRebuli.
magram movida 1924 weli. erT mSvenier dRes sardioni
da tarieli daapatimres. zurabi SemTxveviT Sin
ar iyo da gadarCa. Zmebi im cnobil vagonSi Seyares,
romelic mere SorapanSi tyviamfrqveviT dacxriles.
masTan erTad gaanadgures wereTlebis umravlesoba.
erTmaneTs rom SeadaroT wereTlebis genealogia 1924
wlamde da mis Semdeg, naxavT, rom es gvari maSin faqtobrivad
mospes. risxva, ZiriTadad, Tavs daatexes
saCxerel wereTlebs. saCxereSi ZiriTadad Tavadi wereTlebi
cxovrobdnen. am „brwyinvale aqciam“ swored
maT zurgze gadaiara.
damsjel razms WiaTurasa da saCxereSi xelmZRvanelobda
valerian (valiko)talaxaZe. igi warmoSobiT
saCxeridan iyo. iuridiuli fakulteti hqonda
damTavrebuli Semdeg ki wiTeli profesori gaxda.
1937 wels, rogorc respublikis prokurori cnobil
„sameulSi“ Sedioda da beraiasTan erTad daxvretis
ganaCeni gamohqonda.
20

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
ase, rom saSineli wlebi iyo. Cemi ori biZa daxvrites,
naTesavebi gaanadgures. faqtobrivad, mTeli
ojaxi mospes, gvaris gamgrZelebeli aRar dautoves.
xuTi wlis viyavi dedam, profesiiT pedagogma,
Tavissave skolaSi rom mimiyvana. vinaidan ojaxSi damtovebeli
aravin hyavda, mSobelma patara vaJiSvili
nul jgufSi damsva. mcirewlovanma saswavlo programa
daubrkoleblad davZlie da erTi wlis Semdeg pirvel
klasSi gadamiyvanes.
22-e Sromis skola kaTolikur quCaze (SemdgomSi
pirveli maisis, amJamad gia abesaZis saxelobis quCa)
mdebareobda. saswavleblis ezoSi iyo kaTolikuri
eklesia, sadac ukravda Cemi galobis maswavlebeli
polikarpe faliaSvili. igi zaqaria faliaSvilis Zma
gaxldaT. dRemde maxsovs klaselebTan erTad rogor
dadioda eklesiaSi. wesis Tanaxmad wminda wyalSi unda
dagvesvelebina xeli, Semdeg locvas viwyebdiT. ra Tqmaunda
amas wabaZviT vakeTebdiT – vamayobdiT, rom
Cveni maswavlebeli iq ukravda. yovelive es Zalian
mogvwonda da gvarTobda.
bavSvebi Tunuqis yulabebiT
imxanad quTaisSi ebraelTa dasaxleba daiwva.
dRevandel Tavisuflebis moedanze mdebareobda qarvasla,
sadac ebraelTa daxmarebis organizacia moqmedebda.
organizaciis wevrebma bavSvebi Sekribes,
kiserze Tunuqis yulabebi dahkides da Tanxis Segroveba
daavales.
21

konstantine wereTeli - 90
me TanatolebTan erTad davdiodi quCaSi, transportSi
da keTil xalxs ebraelTa daxmarebas vTxovdi.
es iyo Cemi bavSvuri zrunva ebraelebisadmi.
7-8 wlis biWi ras warmovidgendi rom gavidoda
dro da am xalxis erisa da kulturis Seswavlas Cemi
mecnieruli moRvaweobis did nawils mivuZRvnidi.
gamoTxoveba maTematikasTan
meeqvse klasidan e.w me-14-e sanimuSo skolaSi vswavlobdi.
skolis wlebSi maTematikiT viyavi dainteresebuli.
Zalze mitacebda igi. iciT, 30-ian wlebSi imarTeboda
„norC maTematikosTa brZolebi“ - ase erqva
Sejibrs, romelSic warmatebiT vmonawileobdi, magram
Semdeg am RonisZiebis mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebuleba
Seiqmna _ bavSvs qancavs da mis fsiqologiaze
arajansaRad moqmedebso. nel-nela Cemi interesi gadaixara
filologiis da antikuri samyarosaken, rasac
unda vumadlode Cemi qarTuli enisa da literaturis
maswavlebels Salva dolaqiZes – axalgazrda,
ganaTlebul, Tavis specialobaze usazRvrod Seyvarebul
profesionals, romelic cdilobda Tavisi gataceba
mowafeebisTvisac gadaeca. man Camoayaliba
literaturuli wre, romelSic vecnobodiT msoflio
literaturis klasikosTa – baironi, Seli, tolstoi
da sxvaTa Semoqmedebas. man imdenad gaaRviva Cveni
interesi, rom X klasSi Tavad moswavleebma SevqmeniT
wre, vikribebodiT ojaxebSi da erTmaneTs vuziarebdiT
Cvens interesebsa da „mignebebs“ literaturis
dargSi.
22

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
b-n SalvasTan kontaqti arc studentobis wlebSi
Semiwyvetia. rac Seexeba Cvens Sekrebebs, isini Sewyvita
1937 welma, rodesac yovelgvari Tavyriloba
saxifaTo iyo da Cvenc uari vTqviT masze. minda erTi
Cemi megobari gavixseno. es gogi kikvaZe iyo. me da
gogi me-14-e skolaSi erTad vswavlobdiT. Cven aseve
erTad vapirebdiT Sesvlas filologiis fakultetze.
gogi Zalze niWieri axalgazrda iyo. 1937 wels,
ilia WavWavaZis saiubileo 120 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT,
skolaSi sagangebo saRamo gaimarTa. gogim ilias
Semoqmedebis mixedviT brwyinvale warmodgena gaakeTa.
Tavad giorgis rols asrulebda (sxvaTa Soris kesos
rols TamaSobda SemdegSi cnobili salome yanCeli).
skolis damTavrebis Semdeg, gogi movida CemTan
da SemomTavaza, rom filologiis fakultetze erTad
SevsuliyaviT. Cven SevTanxmdiT. me, rogorc friadosani,
gamocdebisgan Tavisufali viyavi, amitom zafxulSi
manglisSi visvenebdi. TbilisSi rom davbrundi,
cudi ambavi damxvda: gogi daapatimres da daxvrites.
Semdeg gavigeT, rogor vaJkacurad gadautania gansacdeli.
arc erTi megobarze augi ar uTqvams. albaT
amitom iyo, rom arc erTi Cveni megobari dakiTxvazec
ki ar gamouZaxiaT. Zalian SesaniSnav, niWier axalgazrdas
ar mieca saSualeba Tavisi niWi, ganaTleba saku­
Tari qveynisTvis gamoeyenebina...
universiteti
skolis damTavrebis Semdgom me da Cemma megobarma
aleqsi anu leqso, rogorc Cven mas veZaxdiT, lekiaS­
23

konstantine wereTeli - 90
vilma sabuTebi SevitaneT universitetis filologiis
fakultetis qarTul ganyofilebaze. maSin filologiis
fakultetze arsebobda qarTuli da dasavluri ganyofilebebi.
me mqonda friadosnis atestati, romelzec
ewera, rom sax. kom. sabWos dadgenilebiT friadosans
ufleba aqvs umaRles saswavlebelSi ugamocdoT Sesvlisa
da mec universitetSi pirdapir 1 seqtembers
gamovcxaddi. pirvel leqciaze, romelic Cagvitara
inglisuri enis SesaniSnavma mcodnem da didma inteligentma
erekle tatiSvilma, aRmovaCine, rom leqso
Cems jgufSi ar iyo, magram amisaTvis didi yuradReba
ar mimiqcevia da CavTvale, rom es meqanikuri dayofis
Sedegad moxda. sxvaTa Soris, CemTan aRmoCnda iakob
(iaSa) tripolski, Semdgom cnobili msaxiobi. leqciis
dasasruls auditoriaSi Semovida dekani, romelic,
arc meti, arc naklebi, iyo Tavad korneli kekeliZe
da gamogvicxada, rom Caricxulebi viyaviT dasavleT
evropisa enebisa da literaturis ganyofilebis inglisuri
enisa da literaturis specialobaze. am ambavma
aRmaSfoTa; da ai, wamovdeqi da axalgazrduli
kategoriulobiTa da siTamamiT mivmarTe b-n kornelis
– unda gamogitydeT, rom ar mqonda kargad warmodgenili,
Tu visTan maqvs saqme: „ki magram, me viTxove
Sesvla filologiis fakultetis qarTul ganyofilebaze.
ratom aRmovCndi aq?!“ dekanma mipasuxa: „Tqven
ufleba gaqvT airCioT fakulteti, magram specialobis
SerCeva Cveni prerogativaa!“ ai, ase!
magram me ar Sevurigdi dekanatis am gadawyvetilebas
da ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariats mivmarTe
TxovniT, aRedginaT samarTlianoba. 2-3 Tve
24

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
dasWirda am proceduras, magram im xnis ganmavlobaSi,
vidre dekanats „vebrZodi“, arc leqciebi gamicdenia
da arc swavlisTvis daminebebia Tavi. bolos mivaRwie
sawadels – Caviricxe qarTul ganyofilebaze.
Cemi specialobis arCevanze didi mniSvneloba
iqonia arnold Ciqobavam, romelic enaTmecnierebis
Sesavlis kurss gvikiTxavda. misma leqciebma enaTmecnierebisadmi
interesi gamiRviva. me leqso da Cveni
Tanakurseli mzia andronikaSvili, dRes cnobili
iranisti, profesori, erTad vmecadineobdiT da vcdilobdiT
programiT gaTvaliswinebuli literaturis
garda sxvasac gavcnobodiT. Salva dolaqiZis SewevniT
gavecani herman paulis cnobil wigns „enis istoriis
principebi“. gamocda sesiebamde warmatebiT CavabareT
da arnold Ciqobavas winadadebiT swavla ganvagrZeT
filologiis fakultetis kavkasiur-aRmosavlur ena­
Ta ganyofilebaze. mas b-ni arnoldi xelmZRvanelobda.
Cemi, rogorc enaTmecnieris momzadeba, vfiqrob, aq
daiwyo. vmonawileobdi saenaTmecniero studenturi
wris muSaobaSi, konferenciebSi. 1940 wels daibeWda
studentTa II samecniero konferenciis Tezisebi da
maT Soris Cemi moxsenebisa _ „qcevis sakiTxi XVIII –
XIX ss-Ta qarTvel gramatikosebTan“. es Cemi pirveli
samecniero Sromaa.
kavkasiur-aRmosavlur ganyofilebaze sakmaod
bevr enas gvaswavlidnen: qarTvelurs _ qarTuls, megruls
_ Wanurs, svanurs; Crdilo-kavkasiurs _ xun­
Zurs (avaruls), udurs, lekurs, afxazurs; aRmosavlurs
_ arabuls, Turquls, Zvelsa da axal sparsuls,
Zvel somxurs; aseve Zvel berZnuls da laTinurs.
25

konstantine wereTeli - 90
da vin gvaswavlida? Cveni mecnierebis didostatebi:
akaki SaniZe, arnold Ciqobava, varlam Tofuria, giorgi
wereTeli, giorgi axvlediani, simon yauxCiSvili,
ilia abulaZe, sergi jiqia, ivane gigineiSvili, qeTevan
lomTaTiZe _ maSin sruliad axalgazrda, lamazi
qalbatoni, romelsac Cven „aTaca“ (patarZali afx.)
SevarqviT. amaT garda leqciebs gvikiTxavdnen gamo­
Cenili mecnierebi: kote baqraZe, dimitri uznaZe,
savle wereTeli, grigol kiknaZe, mixeil zandukeli.
Cveni iniciativiT veswrebodiT didi ivane javaxiSvilis,
Salva nucubiZis, grigol wereTelis leqciebs,
magram nuravin warmoidgens, rom Cven ar gvqonda sxva
axalgazrduli gatacebebi. Cvenc vikribebodiT, vqeifobdiT
kidec, Tumca Cveni studenturi meniu omis
wlebSi metad Raribi iyo. zogjer wyliT Segvivsia
sasmisebi da sadRegrZeloebi ki mainc simReriT warmogviTqvams.
mTavaria xalisi. Cven vcekvavdiT, Tavs
vawonebdiT gogonebs, veswrebodiT speqtaklebs, jazis
gamosvlebs. omis wlebSi aq bevri dasi da xelovani
Camodioda: moskovis mcire da samxatvro Teatrebis
msaxiobebi, gamoCenili pianistebi _ lev obirni, iakob
flieri, goldenveizeri da sxvani. maT mier gamarTul
safortepiano saRamoebs siamovnebiT veswrebodi. ase
rom, marTalia, siduxWire gvzRudavda, magram sulieri
_ kulturuli cxovreba duRda: rusTavelis gamziri
xom Cveni Sexvedrebis adgili iyo.
dRes rac ar unda ucnaurad JRerdes, ara Tu ar
gvezareboda, didi gatacebiT da mondomebiT vmeca­
26

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
dineobdiT. Cveni maswavleblebi _ didi mecnierebi,
mzrunveli pedagogebi iyvnen da aRvivebdnen Cvens interess
saswavlo sagnisadmi. ar SemiZlia ar gavixseno
erTi faqti: me Zalze cudi xelwera mqonda. da ai,
varlam Tofuria dafaze gamomiwerda xolme asoebs,
rogorc pirvelklasels. dResac zog asos misi Sesworebis
mixedviT vwer. Cven vaRmerTebdiT Cvens pedagogebs.
aseTi iyo maSindeli makroklimati.
universitetis samecniero wrem bevri ram momca.
Cems pirvel samecniero naSroms xelmZRvanelobda
arnold Ciqobava, romlis leqciebsa da saubrebs
didi interesiT vismendiT. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia
Cemi Sexvedrebi giorgi wereTelTan. masTan arabul
enas mxolod ori semestris ganmavlobaSi gavdiodiT.
es, ra Tqma unda, arasakmarisi dro iyo da
batoni giorgic Tavis ojaxSi sakmaod intensiurad
gvamecadinebda.
arCevani SaurianiT
universiteti 1941 wels davamTavre. me da Cemi
skolis megobari aleqsi lekiaSvili giorgi wereTlis
pirveli aspirantebi gavxdiT. im xanebSi armaz­
Si arameul enaze saintereso warwerebi aRmoaCines.
aucilebeli gaxda universitetSi arameulis specialisti
moemzadebinaT. giorgi wereTelma aspirantebs
miando Tavisi bedi _ erTi arabul filologiaSi
iqnebiT, meore _ ebraul-arameulSi, rogorc gindaT
ise airCieTo.
27

konstantine wereTeli - 90
me da aleqsi lekiaSvilma Saurians davavleT xeli
da „ariol-reSka“ gavaTamaSeT. me ebraul-arameuli
filologia mergo.
Sexvedra maswavleblis maswavlebelTan
giorgi wereTeli mowafeebs xSirad gvesaubreboda
Tavis maswavlebelze egnate kraCovskize. me da
Cemi megobrebi akademikos kraCovskis dauswreblad
vicnobdiT da udides pativs vcemdiT.
sakandidato disertacia rom davicavi, mivlinebiT
gamgzavnes leningradSi. erT mSvenier dRes
aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis biblioTekaSi
ucnobi kaci damadga Tavze: „Tqven wereTeli xom ar
xarT?“ giorgi wereTels Tavisi pedagogisTvis miuweria
_ Cemi mowafeebi Camodiano. kraCovski specialurad
movida biblioTekaSi da Tavisi mowafis mowafe
rogorc Cans gumaniT migrZno.
im saRamos sami qarTveli axalgazrda _ aleqsi
lekiaSvili, mzia andronikaSvili da me migvipatiJa Sin,
rogorc didi xnis megobrebi, ise migviRo da rogorc
kolegebs, ise gvesaubra. giorgi wereTlis SesaniSnavma
urTierTobam studentebTan da kraCovskis saocarma
ubraloebam didi gavlena moaxdina Cems pirovnebaze.
am dRidan moyolebuli yovelTvis vcdilobdi, studentebTan
kidev ufro uSualo da Tbili damokidebuleba
mqonoda.
qanda
Cemi pirveli Casvla da samuSaos dawyeba qanda­
Si arc ise ioli saqme iyo, vinaidan es daemTxva omis
28

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
wlebis gasaWirs, rodesac mgzavrobac da bevri sxvac
problemuri iyo. qandaSi aravis vicnobdi da arc is
vicodi, visTan mivsuliyavi.
gavige, rom iq muSaobda qarTveli eqimi da gadavwyvite
Tavdapirvelad misTvis mimemarTa. rogorc
aRmoCnda, es iyo eqimi studenti SoTa SurRaia, SemdgomSi
profesori kardeologi, romelmac gulTbilad
mimiRo da SemomTavaza masTan gavCerebuliyavi.
da ai, pirvelive dRes vzivar aivanze da vigeb,
rom gardacvlili asurelis dakrZalvaa. gadavwyvite,
davswrebodi ceremonials da pirveli kontaqti damemyarebina
mosaxleobasTan. asec moxda da gavyevi procesias.
ra Tqma unda, SemamCnies _ ucnobi adamiani da
mimiRes, rogorc sapatio stumari, rac imaSi gamoixata,
rom iqve, sasaflaoze gaSlil qelexis sufraze
Tamadam gverdiT momisva, Sesva Sesandobari da sasmisi
me gadmomca. unda mogaxsenoT, rom sasmelTan
arasodes „vmegobrobdi“, magram ras vizamdi, uaris
Tqma maTi Seuracxyofa iqneboda da mec davlie da gadaveci
Wiqa Cems gverdiT mjdoms. sasmisma Semoiara
yvela iq myofi, daubrunda Tamadas, romelmac dalia
ojaxis dRegrZelobisa, amoiRo fuli _ Sesawiri da
Sua sufraze dayara, sasmisi ki kvlav me gadmomca. warmoidgineT,
ra mZime mdgomareobaSi var: jer erTi, Wiqa,
romelic wreze yvelas Camouvlis da me mibrundeba da
meorec - fuli- Sesawiri, romelic ar gamaCnia! magram
aRmoCnda, romiqauri tradiciiT stumars ar mevaleboda
ojaxis daxmarebaSi monawileobis miReba. SvebiT
amovisunTqe da kvlav erTgvari SiSiT velodi mesame
Wiqas, romelsac, Cemda sasiamovnod, Tamadamde aRar
29

konstantine wereTeli - 90
mouRwevia, radganac iqve atyda raRac CoCqoli, aurzauri,
wamoavles xeli barebs da mec aRar davaxane,
gamovecale iqaurobas. aseTi iyo Cemi pirveli kontaqti.
saerTod qandelma asurelebma gulTbilad mimiRes
da rodesac gaiges, rom asurulis Seswavla, maTi
zRaprebis, Zveli simRerebisa da leqsebis Cawera mindoda,
odnav sifrTxile SeeparaT. saqme isaa, rom omis
wlebi iyo. im periodSi qandas SeuerTes germanelebis
sofeli _ mezoblad mdebare, saidanac xelisuflebam
yvela germaneli gaasaxla. bunebrivia isini daaeWva
Cemma naTqvamma da ipoves gamosavali - gamocda momiwyves.
moitanes asuruli saxareba; rodesac kidec wavukiTxe
(wera - kiTxva qandaSi Casvlamde TbilisSi maswavla
erTma asurelma pedagogma qalbatonma isTer
abramovam) da vuTargmne kidec, damSviddnen. Tavad
maT Soris asuruli wera- kiTxva cotam icoda. Tanda­
Tan davaxlovdiT. TveobiT vcxovrobdi maTTan. viwerdi
zRaprebs, Semdgom, mogvianebiT msoflios xalxTa
zRaprebis seriaSi gamoveci kidec asuruli zRaprebis
qarTuli Targmani.
ucxoeTi
im droSi ucxoeTSi wasvla Zalze sasurveli, magram
arc ise ioli saqme iyo. xsenebac ki ar SeiZleboda
ucxoel kolegebTan kontaqtis survilisa. miT
ufro, Cems Taobas kargad axsovda 1937 weli, rodesac
ucxoeTSi namyofobis gamo apatimrebdnen da aTasgvar
cils swamebdnen adamianebs. ase gansajeT, im wlebis
SiSma diplomatiur samuSaozec maTqmevina uari. as­
30

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
piranti viyavi, rodesac damibares axladSeqmnil sagareo
saqmeTa saministroSi, xolo Semdeg kompartiis
ck-is mdivanTan kadrebis dargSi – TofuriZesTan,
romelic gaaoca da, SesaZloa, gaaRiziana kidec Cemma
uarma. me sadisertacio Sromaze muSaobas vimizezebdi,
man ki kategoriulad ganmicxada, Tqven es dagevalebaTo.
bunebrivia, Sav dReSi viyavi. maSin mixsna simon
janaSiam _ mecnierebaTa akademiis vice-prezidentma,
romelsac mivmarTe daxmarebis TxovniT. b-n simons
didi wona hqonda da misma Suamdgomlobam gaWra. ase,
rom, me arSmemdgari diplomati var.
ise moxda, rom 1958 wels Cems mier gamocemul
„Tanamedrove asuruli enis qrestomaTiaze“ recenzia
dawera italielma semitologma, milanisa da genuis
universitetebis profesorma jovani rinaldim; germanelma
mecnierma _ orientalistma iohanes fridrixma
Cems Sromas „narkvevi Tanamedrove asuruli dialeqtebis
fonetikisa“ kargi Sefaseba misca da aRniSna, rom
igi unda Targmniliyo evropul enebze, rac mogvianebiT
ganaxorciela germanelma mecnierma franc althaimma.
rac Seexeba Cems pirvel wasvlas sazRvargareT, es
moxda 1957 wels, rodesac turistuli jgufis SemadgenlobaSi
pirvelad gadavkveTe sazRvari da movxvdi
saberZneTSi. unda giTxraT, rom me didi warmatebiT
gamoviyene turizmi ucxoeTis naxvisa da samecniero
kontaqtebisTvis. saqme isaa, rom me viyavi saqarTvelos
ucxoeTis qveynebTan megobrobisa da kulturuli kav­
Siris prezidiumis wevri. es ki saSualebas maZlevda
31

konstantine wereTeli - 90
2 weliwadSi erTxel vwveodi kapitalistur qveyanas,
xolo weliwadSi erTjer mainc _ socialisturs. aseTi
iyo maSin qveynebis socialisturi dayofa. da ai, 1960
wels milanSi yofnis dros sastumroSi mewvia zemoT
xsenebuli jovani rinaldi. Cven gavecaniT erTmaneTs
da gavamyareT kontaqtebi.
1962 wels kvlav turistuli xaziT gaxldiT safrangeTSi,
sadac vTxove saelCos neba daerToT menaxa
cnobili enaTmecnieri, semitologi marsel koeni.
SesaZloa nebarTva imitomac momces, rom koeni komunisti
iyo; Semdgom Carlz darvinis saxelobis mecnierebis
xelSemwyobma sazogadoebam inglisSi miiwvia
sabWoTa mecnierTa jgufis samecniero konferenciaSi
monawileobisTvis. saqarTvelodan viyaviT me da paata
guguSvili. da ase, nel-nela, TandaTan vamyarebdi
kontaqtebs. ucxoel kolegebs Sevxvdi moskovSi, aRmosavleTmcodneTa
msoflio kongresze 1960 wels. me
monawile viyavi aRmosavleTmcodneTa TiTqmis yvela
msoflio kongresis muSaobisa.
gansakuTrebiT damamaxsovrda 1964 wlis kongresi,
romelic Sedga indoeTSi _ deliSi. kongresi gaxsna
javaharlal nerum, romelmac saocari STabeWdileba
datova Cemze: masSi raRac RvTiuri iyo. axali wlis
dReebSi swored indoeTSi momiwia yofnam. Cveni delegacia
axali wlis Sesaxvedrad miiwvia ssrk-s elCma
indoeTSi. me, rogorc qarTvels, Tamadoba Camabares
da unda giTxraT, rom Cemi smis SesaZleblobebis patronma
mainc warmatebiT gavarTvi Tavi am saqmes,
radganac ramdenime sadRegrZeloSi Tanamesufreebi
ise daTvrnen, rom nadimis gagrZelebis saWiroeba aRa­
32

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
rc ki iyo. aseTi kontaqtebis Sedegad viRebdi Cemi
kolegebisgan miwvevebs.
kidev erT SemTxvevas gavixseneb: 1967 wels, seqtembris
bolos, aSS-Si, enarboSi, miCganis universitetSi
ewyoboda orientalistTa msoflio kongresi,
romlis mTel xarjebs Tavad am universiteti kisrulobda.
saqarTvelodan miwveulni viyaviT me da akademikosi
Tamaz gamyreliZe. da ai, zafxulis miwuruls
gazeTidan Sevityve, rom sabWoTa mecnierebi „protests
vacxadebdiT“ israel palestinis omis gamo arabebis
mxardasaWerad da ar mivdiodiT aSS-Si. mogvianebiT
Sevxvdi sakavSiro mecnierTa akademiis msoflio istoriis
institutis direqtors, akademikos evgeni Jukovs
– iaponists, romelic Cveni delegaciis xelmZRvaneli
unda yofiliyo. masTan kargi urTierToba mqonda, amitomac
vkiTxe, ram moafiqra es protesti. man mipasuxa:
„vin giTxraT, rom me movifiqre?“ es „sibrZne“ Tav­
Si mosvlia sakavSiro ck-is erT-erT mdivans. ufro
metic, socialusturi qveynebis mecnierTaTvisac
miuciaT amgvari direqtiva. mogvianebiT Sevxvdi aRmosavleT
germanel kolegebs, romlebic, miuxedavad
miTiTebisa, daswrebian kongress. „ki magram, TviT arabebi
iq iyvnen, mSvidad muSaobdnen da Tqven vis eprotestebodiTo?“,
_ miTxra erT erTma maTganma.
kuriozia ara? magram aseTi iyo realoba.
magram mainc yinuli lRveboda. Cemi naSromebi
iqna Targmnili germanul. italiur, inglisur enebze.
leqciebis wasakiTxad viyavi berlinis, miunxenis, erlangenis,
haidenbergis, saarbrukenis, bonis, romis,
neapolis, genuis, milanis, veneciis, sorbonis, buda­
33

konstantine wereTeli - 90
peStis, helsinkis, baRdadis, mosulis, basris universitetebSi.
pirvel seriozul dabrkolebas wavawydi semitologTa
pirvel saerTaSoriso kongresTan dakav­
SirebiT, romelic imarTeboda ierusalimSi. miviRe
mowveva magram sakavSiro mecnierebaTa akademiam, romlis
nebarTviTac unda wavsuliyavi da romelic gadawyvetilebas
iRebda sakavSiro ck-Tan SeTanxmebiT,
mizanSewonilad ar CaTvala Cemi monawileoba kongres­
Si. mec veRar wavedi ierusalimSi. es unda momxdariyo
zafxulSi. imave wlis Semodgomaze ki mivlinebiT
viyavi moskovSi. sajaro biblioTekis darbazSi doqtorebisa
da ucxoeli diplomatebisaTvis gamomelaparaka
israelis maSindeli elCi ssrk-Si, Tu ar vcdebi
gvarad avigadi. man sinanuli da gaoceba gamoxata
ierusalimSi Cemi Causvlelobis gamo. me movubodiSe:
„kongresi zafxulSi tardeboda da me sicxes cudad
vitan-Tqo“. man ki miTxra: „Tqven maoecebT! ierusalimi
xom 7 borcvzea ganlagebuli da iq autaneli sicxe
34

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
ar icis“. manac kargad icoda ra sicxis meSinoda, magram
saubari saubaria da etiketi _ etiketi. Semdgom
dampatiJa Caize mis binaSi, moskovSi. moskoveli
kolegebis rCeviT Tavi Sevikave stumrobisgan, davureke
da wuxili gamovTqvi, rom ver vewveodi, vinaidan
zustad im dros aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutSi
unda davswrebodi Zalze mniSvnelovan sxdomas.
ai ase! mogvianebiT, rodesac dabrunda israelSi, man
gamomigzavna yumranis gamoqvabulebSi, mkvdari zRvis
maxloblad, aRmoCenili gragnilebidan erT-erTis
asli. am gragnilebs dRemde gansakuTrebulad vinaxavdi,
Cveni arSemdgari megobrobis mosagoneblad.
80 wlis gadmosaxedidan
ai, 80 wlisac vxdebi. zogierTs SeiZleba Zalian
bevrad moeCvenos, magram Cemi poziciidan gamomdinare,
arc ise bevria, Tumca sakmaod soliduri asakia. asaks
Tan sdevs xolme Tavisi uaryofiTi momentebi, Tumca,
RvTis wyalobiT, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, janmrTelad
vxvdebi. siWabukeSi 80 weli Zalian bevri megona
da roca moxucebulis asaks Sevityobdi, vambobdi: ar
mobezrda cxovrebaTqo? Cemi xnovanebis gadmosaxedidan
axla me sul sxva pozicia maqvs da darwmunebuli
var, rom yvela axalgazrda Cems asakSi amave azrs gaiziarebs.
maxsovs akaki SaniZe (Cemi uSualo maswavlebeli)
asi wlis rom gaxda, mivedi masTan da mivuloce. ai,
maSin masac axali gegmebi hqonda..“ kaci rom oTxmoc
wels uaxlovdeba, mas, cxadia, didi biografia aqvs,“
rac mTavaria, Cemi muSaobis dRevandeli unari
35

konstantine wereTeli - 90
jansa da cxovrebis stimuls maZlevs. me dResac iseve
vmuSaob, rogorc 50 wlis win, iseTive datvirTviT,
SeiZleba, ufro metiTac. es datvirTva Zalas mmatebs,
rodesac dasaZineblad vwvebi, xvalindelze vfiqrob:
aucileblad adre unda avdge, rom gasakeTebeli
araferi gamomrCes. es me mixaria! xalisi Cemi macocxlebeli
Zalaa, miuxedavad asakisa, igi ar damikargavs.
marTalia wlebs yovelTvis Tavisi miaqvs, upirvelesad
janmrTeloba. xSirad davdiodi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi,
vkiTxulobdi leqciebs, vmonawileobdi konferenciebsa
Tu kongresebis muSaobaSi. avstraliamdec ki
Cavsulvar. dRes, ra Tqma unda amdeni aRar SemiZlia.
xSirad mgzavrobas veridebi, radgan es did energias
moiTxovs, mxolod axlomdebare qveynebis stumari var,
rogorebicaa germania, italia, fineTi, israeli, irani.
vici cota xanSi es wre ufro daviwrovdeba. guldasawyvetia,
magram logikuria.
wlebma Seamcira Cemi axloblebis, megobrebis wre.
Cemi klasidan mxolod ramdenimeRa SemovrCiT. davkarge
axlo naTesavebi. es yvelaferi xom wlebs miaqvs. mZime
danaklisi ra Tqma unda, CemTvis 25 wlis erTaderTi
Svilis dakargva iyo. aman Cemi cxovrebis da janmrTelobis
sakmaod didi nawili Seiwira. rodesac aseTi
tragedia SememTxva, far-xmali ar damiyria, sakuTar
Tavsac vZlie. mkiTxavT rogor? cxovrebis xalisi da
Cemi saqmiT gataceba yovelTvis Tan mdevda.
warsuli aris is, rac ukve iyo, hoda, mTeli Cemi
cxovreba wina saukuneSi iyo, bevri kargi da bevri cudic.
wina saukunem maCuqa Cemi Svili da isev man waiyvana.
sasiamovno monagoni aris Cemi bavSvobisa da siWabu­
36

`iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT~
kis wlebi, cudic da kargic isev im saukunem waiRo.
damrCa bevri sasiamovno da amasTan erTad tkiviliT
aRsavse mogonebebi.
sosiko
sosos ubis wignakSi telefonis nomrebi hqonda
Cawerili. axla es ukve Cemi wignakia, romelsac mudmivad
vatareb. ai, naxeT, es sosos bavSvobis suraTia.
cisferTvala iyo, oqrosferi Tma hqonda. es suraTi
yovelTvis momwonda. qvemoT xedavT gazeTidan amoWril
sityvebs, romelic iuvenals ekuTvnis: ,,brZeni
igi mamaa, romelic icnobs Tavis sakuTar Svils“.
mogvianebiT davrwmundi, rom me Cems Svils ar
vicnobdi. amas sosos pirvel personalur gamofenaze
mivxvdi. mxatvris saxlSi, romelic axla aRar arsebobs,
gaimarTa misi gamofena, bevri isaubres sosoze
rogorc mxatvarze, pirovnebaze. Turme me Cems Svils
ar vicnobdi! ar megona, Tu aseTi mxatvari da moazrovne
iyo. bevr rameze gamofenis Semdeg amexila
Tvali. amitomac amovWeri romeliRac gazeTidan iuvenalis
sityvebi da bloknotSi sosos suraTis qveS
movaTavse...
,,brZeni igi mamaa, romelic icnobs Tavis sakuTar
Svils“.
37

konstantine wereTeli - 90
aristokrati mecnierebaSi da demokrati
cxovrebaSi
(kote wereTlis gamonaTqvamebi)
– nu dagvaviwydebaT, rom Cven jer gareSe Tu
Sinaur mterTan brZola ar dagvimTavrebia. Sinauri
mteric xom im gareSe mtris wisqvilze asxams wyals.
nu gvgonia, rom yvelaferi movipoveT, Cven jer isev am
mopovebis gzaze vdgavarT. didi Zalisxmeva gvWirdeba
saboloo miznis misaRwevad. warumateblobam ers br­
Zolisa da gamarjvebis imedi ar unda daukargos.
– adamianma imedi arasdros ar unda dakargos,
Tundac es imedi mkafiod ar Candes. sxvagvarad xom
winsvla da saerTod cxovreba SeuZlebelia.
– rodesac RmerTma adamiani gaaCina, mas imedic
Causaxa. es RvTiuri niWia, romelic adamians acocxlebs
da asuldgmulebs. rodesac imeds kargav, RvTis
niWze uars ambob.
– gana xasiaTs cvlis dro? mTavaria, mizani,
romlis miRwevasac cdilob ar iyos mxolod SenTvis
misaRebi da sxvaTaTvis usargeblo. cxovreba bevr gansacdels
gaxvedrebs da Tu danebdi ar ivargebs. me
dResac vcilob Zveleburi SemarTebiT vimuSavo, ar
moveSva, miT ufro, amis seriozuli safuZveli maqvs.
Semoqmedi arasdros ar unda SemosazRvravdes
dros.
38

konstantine wereTlis gamonaTqvamebi
ebraelobis Sesaxeb
– israelis aRdgena aris nimuSi imisa, Tu ra Seu­
Zlia xalxis ideur da sarwmunoebriv erTianobas.
– me vamayob, rom Cemi xangrZlivi mecnieruli
moRvaweoba megobari ebraeli
xalxis istoriis, misi enisa da
qarTvel xalxTan urTierTobis
Seswavlas mivuZRveni.
– 1944 wels, rodesac jer
kidev ar arsebobda israelis
saxelmwifo da sabWoTa kavSir­
Si antiebrauli ganwyobileba
sufevda, Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetSi daviwye bibliis
ebrauli enis kursis kiTxva da
dRemde vrCebi misi erTguli
msaxuri.
– saqarTvelo bevrad adre gaecno TviT ebraelebs,
vidre maT brwyinvale Semoqmedebas _ bibliur
Txzulebebs, romelTa msoflio civilizaciis ganvi­
TarebaSi gasakuTrebuli roli Seasrules.
– darwmunebuli var, rom qarTul-ebraul urTierTobas
ara marto didi istoria aqvs, aramed didi
momavalic.
39

sarCevi
mecnieruli mimoxilva 3
“keTili saxeli sjobs Zvirfas nelsacxebels”
(kote wereTlis Sesaxeb) 11
„iobis rwmeniT da moTminebiT“ (Cemi istoria) 19
aristokrati mecnierebaSi da demokrati
cxovrebaSi (kote wereTlis gamonaTqvamebi) 39
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis stamba
2011