saerTaSoriso konvenciebi, xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi
saerTaSoriso konvenciebi, xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi
saerTaSoriso konvenciebi, xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi
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ismo-s mier<br />
administrirebuli<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnuli centri<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
<strong>konvenciebi</strong>, <strong>xelSekrulebebi</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>SeTanxmebebi</strong>
ismo-s mier<br />
administrirebuli<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
<strong>konvenciebi</strong>,<br />
<strong>xelSekrulebebi</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>SeTanxmebebi</strong><br />
Tbilisi<br />
2009
© saqpatenti, 2009<br />
ISBN 978-9941-0-1342-3
sarCevi<br />
nawili I<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis msoflio organizaciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>mfuZnebeli konvencia (1967 w.) ......................................................................... 7<br />
nawili II<br />
samrewvelo sakuTreba<br />
bu<strong>da</strong>peStis xelSekruleba sapatento proceduris<br />
miznebisaTvis mikroorganizmebis deponirebis<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> aRiarebis Sesaxeb (1977 w.) ..................................................... 11<br />
venis SeTanxmeba niSanTa gamosaxulebiTi elementebis<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> klasifikaciis <strong>da</strong>wesebis Sesaxeb (1973 w.) .................... 14<br />
lisabonis SeTanxmeba adgilwarmoSobis <strong>da</strong>saxelebebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> maTi <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis Sesaxeb (1958 w.) .......................... 16<br />
lokarnos SeTanxmeba samrewvelo nimuSebis<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> klasifikaciis <strong>da</strong>arsebis Sesaxeb (1968 w.) ................... 18<br />
madridis SeTanxmeba niSnebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis Sesaxeb<br />
(1891 w.) <strong>da</strong> am SeTanxmebasTan arsebuli oqmi (1989 w.) .......................... 20<br />
madridis SeTanxmeba saqonelze yalbi an SecdomaSi Semyvani<br />
warmoSobis aRniSvnebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb (1891 w.) ......................................26<br />
nairobis xelSekruleba<br />
olimpiuri simboloebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb (1981 w.) .................................... 28<br />
nicis SeTanxmeba niSnebis registraciisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
saqonlisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
klasifikaciis Sesaxeb (1957 w.) ............................................................................. 29<br />
parizis konvencia<br />
samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb (1883 w.) ........................................ 31<br />
sapatento kanonis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba (2000 w.) .................................. 38<br />
sapatento kooperaciis xelSekruleba PCT (1970 w.) ............................... 44
sasaqonlo niSnebis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba TLT (1994 w.) ...................... 48<br />
singapuris xelSekruleba<br />
sasaqonlo niSnebis kanonis Sesaxeb (2006 w.) ............................................... 51<br />
strasburgis SeTanxmeba<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento klasifikaciis Sesaxeb (1971 w.) .................. 55<br />
haagis SeTanxmeba samrewvelo nimuSebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registraciis Sesaxeb (1925 w.) ............................................................................... 57<br />
nawili III<br />
saavtoro <strong>da</strong> momijnave uflebebi<br />
bernis konvencia literaturuli <strong>da</strong> mxatvruli<br />
nawarmoebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb (1886 w.) .............................................................. 61<br />
briuselis konvencia TanamgzavriT ga<strong>da</strong>cemuli programis<br />
matarebeli signalebis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb (1974 w.) ........................... 66<br />
ismo-s xelSekruleba<br />
saavtoro uflebebis Sesaxeb (1996 w.) .............................................................. 67<br />
ismo-s xelSekruleba<br />
Sesrulebebisa <strong>da</strong> fonogramebis Sesaxeb (1996 w.) ..................................... 70<br />
Jenevis konvencia fonogramebis unebarTvo gamravlebisagan<br />
fonogramebis mwarmoeblebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb (1971 w.) ........................... 75<br />
romis konvencia SemsrulebelTa, fonogramebis<br />
mwarmoebelTa <strong>da</strong> samauwyeblo organizaciaTa<br />
uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb (1961 w.) ...................................................................... 77
winasityvaoba<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
regulirebas safuZveli Caeyara XIX saukunis bolos, roca<br />
xelmoweril iqna ori fun<strong>da</strong>menturi xasiaTis dokumenti _<br />
samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis parizis konvencia (1883w.) <strong>da</strong><br />
literaturisa <strong>da</strong> xelovnebis nawarmoebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis bernis<br />
konvencia (1886w.). am konvenciebSi pirvelad mox<strong>da</strong> erovnuli<br />
reJimis ucxoelebze gavrcelebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis minimaluri<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>dgenis uzrunvelyofa.<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> samarTlis<br />
Semdgomi ganviTareba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli iyo <strong>da</strong>cvis ufro<br />
srulyofili stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebasTan, qveynis gareT<br />
uflebaTa mopovebis efeqtur proceduraTa implementaciasTan,<br />
calkeuli obieqtebis <strong>da</strong>mcav specialur SeTanxmebaTa<br />
miRebasTan,<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sainformacio-saZiebo instrumentebis<br />
formirebasTan <strong>da</strong> sxv. bolo periodSi <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> samarTlis<br />
normebis ganviTarebas ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong> cifrul<br />
teqnologiebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli gamowvevebis samarTlebrivi<br />
<strong>da</strong>regulirebis procesi.<br />
amJamad inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis sferoSi moqmed 23<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> xelSekrulebi<strong>da</strong>n 22-s administrirebas uwevs<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis msoflio organizacia (ismo).<br />
isini Tematikis mixedviT or jufad iyofa _ samrewvelo<br />
sakuTrebisa <strong>da</strong> saavtoro <strong>da</strong> momijnave uflebebis sferos<br />
5
maregulirebel xelSekrulebebad. <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis mixedviT ki<br />
gamoyofen <strong>xelSekrulebebi</strong>s sam ZiriTad tips: xelSekrulebebs,<br />
romlebic gansazRvraven <strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs;<br />
xelSekrulebebs inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis obieqtebis<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis Sesaxeb; xelSekrulebebs saer-<br />
TaSoriso klasifikaciebis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelo amJamad ismo-s<br />
mier administrirebuli 12 <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> xelSekrulebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
konvenciis monawilea.<br />
winamdebare gamocemaSi Tavmoyrilia ismo-s mier<br />
administrirebuli yvela <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> SeTanxmebis, xel Sekrulebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> konvenciis anotaciebi, romlebic <strong>da</strong>interesebul<br />
pirebs Seuqmnis saerTo warmodgenas inteleqtualuri<br />
sakuTrebis obieqtebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis ZiriTadi<br />
principebisa <strong>da</strong> debulebebis Sesaxeb.<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis<br />
erovnuli centris “saqpatentis”<br />
generaluri direqtori d. gabunia<br />
6
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis msoflio<br />
organizaciis <strong>da</strong>mfuZnebeli konvencia (1967 w.)<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis msoflio organizacia<br />
(ismo) aris samTavrobaTaSoriso organizacia, romelic 1974<br />
wels gax<strong>da</strong> gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciaTa sistemis<br />
erT-erTi specializebuli saagento.<br />
ismo-s warmoSoba ukavSirdeba 1883 <strong>da</strong> 1886 wlebs,<br />
rodesac, Sesabamisad, miRebul iqna samrewvelo sakuTrebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis parizis <strong>da</strong> literaturisa <strong>da</strong> xelovnebis nawarmoebTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis bernis <strong>konvenciebi</strong>. orive konvenciis Tanaxmad Seiqmna<br />
“<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuroebi”, romlebic 1893 wels gaerTian<strong>da</strong>,<br />
xolo 1970 wels Canacvlebul iqna ismo-s mier ismo-s<br />
konvenciis safuZvelze (xelmowerilia 1967 wlis 14 ivniss,<br />
ZalaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong> 1970 wels, Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1979 wels).<br />
ismo-s miznebia: 1. xeli Suwyos inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvas mTel msoflioSi, 2. uzrunvelyos administraciuli<br />
TanamSromloba inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
kavSirebs Soris, romlebic <strong>da</strong>arsebulia ismo-s mier administrirebuli<br />
<strong>SeTanxmebebi</strong>s safuZvelze.<br />
am miznebis misaRwevad kavSirebis administrirebis gar<strong>da</strong><br />
ismo <strong>da</strong>kavebulia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saqmianobiT, romelTa Soris<br />
ZiriTadia:<br />
• kanonSemoqmedeba, rac gulisxmobs inteleqtualur sakuTrebaze<br />
uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvas <strong>da</strong> mis ganxorcielebasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
Sirebuli normebisa <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>dgenas;<br />
• programuli saqmianoba, rac gulisxmobs inteleqtualuri<br />
sakuTrebis sferoSi saxelmwifoebisaTvis iuridiul-teqnikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>xmarebis gawevas;<br />
7
• <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> klasifikaciasa <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtizaciasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
Sirebuli saqmianoba, romelic moicavs samrewvelo sakuTrebis<br />
uwyebaTa TanamSromlobas patentebis, sasaqonlo niSnebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> samrewvelo nimuSebis dokumentaciis unificirebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT;<br />
• saregistracio saqmianoba, romelicac moicavs gamogo<br />
ne baze sapatento ganacxadebTan <strong>da</strong> sasaqonlo<br />
niS ne bisa <strong>da</strong> samrewvelo nimuSebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registraciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul momsaxureobas.<br />
ismo-s konvecia aarsebs sam ZiriTad organos: ismo-s<br />
generalur asambleas, ismo-s konferenciasa <strong>da</strong> ismo-s sakoordinacio<br />
komitets. ismo-s generalur asambleas<br />
Seadgenen ismo-s wevri saxelmwifoebi, romlebic aseve,<br />
arian inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis romelime specialuri<br />
kavSiris wevrebic. misi mTavari funqciebia, inter<br />
alia, sakoordinacio komitetis wardginebiT generaluri<br />
direqtoris <strong>da</strong>niSvna, generaluri direqtoris angariSebis<br />
<strong>da</strong> sakoordinacio komitetis angariSebisa <strong>da</strong> saqmianobis<br />
ganxilva <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba, kavSirebis saerTo orwliani biujetisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> organizaciis safinanso normativebis miReba.<br />
ismo-s konferencias Seadgens ismo-s konvenciis mxareebi.<br />
igi warmoadgens, inter alia, kompetentur organos, romelic<br />
iRebs Sesworebebs konvenciaSi samarTlebriv-teqnikur <strong>da</strong>xmarebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebul yvela sakiTxze <strong>da</strong> adgens aseTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>xmarebis orwlian programas. mas, agreTve, aqvs inteleqtualuri<br />
sakuTrebis sferos ZiriTad interesebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
sakiTxebis ganxilvisa <strong>da</strong> aseTi sakiTxebisaTvis saTanado<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis SemuSavebis kompetencia.<br />
ismo-s sakoordinacio komitets Seadgenen parizis<br />
kavSiris aRmasrulebeli komiteti<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> bernis kavSiris<br />
8
aRmasrulebeli komiteti<strong>da</strong>n arCeuli wevrebi. misi mTavari<br />
funqciaa misces rCevebi kavSirebis organoebs, generalur<br />
asambleas, konferenciasa <strong>da</strong> generalur direqtors am organoebisaTvis<br />
saintereso administraciul <strong>da</strong> finansur sakiTxebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. igi amzadebs, agreTve, generaluri asambleis<br />
dRis wesrigisa <strong>da</strong> konferenciis dRis wesrigis, programisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> biujetis proeqtebs. sakoordinacio komiteti, saWiroebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, generalur asambleas warudgens kandi<strong>da</strong>turas<br />
generaluri direqtoris postze asarCevad.<br />
ismo-s regularuli biujetis Semosavlebis ZiriTad<br />
wyaros Seadgens kerZo pirebis mier <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli momsaxurebisaTvis ga<strong>da</strong>xdili safasurebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> wevri saxelmwifoebis Senatanebi. sawevro Senatanis<br />
gansazRvris mizniT, yoveli saxelmwifo mikuTvnebulia<br />
14 klasi<strong>da</strong>n erT-erTs. yvelaze maRal ga<strong>da</strong>saxads Seesabameba<br />
klasi l, romelic gulisxmobs sawevros 25 Sesatani erTeulis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>s maSin, rodesac yvelaze mcire ga<strong>da</strong>saxads Seesabameba<br />
klasi Ster, romelic gulisxmobs Sesatani erTeulis 1/32-is<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>s. yoveli saxelmwifos sawevros sidide erTnairia<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, saxelmwifo mxolod ismo-s wevria, erTi<br />
an meti kavSiris wevri, Tu ismo-s <strong>da</strong> erTi an meti kavSiris<br />
wevri erTdroulad.<br />
organizaciis samdivnos ewodeba <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuro. saer-<br />
TaSoriso biuros aRmasrulebeli Tavmjdomare aris ismo-s mier<br />
arCeuli generaluri direqtori, romelsac hyavs erTi an meti<br />
generaluri direqtoris moadgile.<br />
organizaciis Stabbina mdebareobs JenevaSi (Sveicaria).<br />
organizacias filialebi aqvs briuselSi (belgia), singapurSi,<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciaSi (niu-iorki) <strong>da</strong> vaSingtonSi<br />
(aSS).<br />
9
10<br />
organizacia sargeblobs privilegiebiTa <strong>da</strong> imunitetiT,<br />
romelic eniWeba <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> organizaciebsa <strong>da</strong> maT TanamSromlebs<br />
miznebis ganxorcielebisa <strong>da</strong> funqcionirebis<br />
xelSewyobis mizniT, <strong>da</strong> StabbinasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT <strong>da</strong>debuli<br />
aqvs xelSekruleba Sveicariis konfederaciasTan.<br />
ismo-Si gawevrianeba SeuZlia nebismier saxelmwifos,<br />
romelic inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis romelime specialuri<br />
kavSiris wevria an akmayofilebs Semdeg pirobaTagan<br />
erT-erTs: (i) igi aris gaerTianebuli erebis, gaerTianebul<br />
erebTan urTierTobaSi myofi raime specializebuli saagentos<br />
an atomuri energiis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> aqtis monawile; (ii) igi<br />
aris <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sasamarTlos aqtis monawile; an (iii) igi<br />
ismo-s generaluri asambleis mier miwveulia konvenciaSi gasawevrianeblad.<br />
ismo-Si gawevrianeba ar warmoqmnis valdebulebebs<br />
ismo-s mier administrirebuli <strong>SeTanxmebebi</strong>s mimarT. ismo-Si<br />
gawevrianeba xorcieldeba ismo-s generalur direqtorTan konvenciasTan<br />
mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtis deponirebiT. saqarTvelo<br />
ismo-s wevria 1991 wlis 25 dekembri<strong>da</strong>n.
u<strong>da</strong>peStis xelSekruleba<br />
sapatento proceduris miznebisaTvis<br />
mikroorganizmebis deponirebis<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> aRiarebis Sesaxeb (1977 w.)<br />
xelSekrulebis mTavari <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSania is, rom<br />
mxare saxelmwifoebma,romlebic uSveben mikroorganizmebis deponirebas<br />
an moiTxoven mis ganxorcielebas sapatento procedurisaTvis,<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRiaron am mizniT mikroorganizmis deponireba<br />
nebismieri “<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> deponirebis organos” mier,<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, Tu sad mdebareobs es organo, mocemuli<br />
qveynis teritoriaze Tu mis farglebs gareT.<br />
patentis gacemisaTvis moiTxoveba gamogonebis arsis<br />
gamJRavneba, rac, Cveulebriv, werilobiTi aRweriT xdeba. Tu<br />
gamogoneba exeba mikroorganizms an mis gamoyenebas, gamogonebis<br />
arsis gamJRavneba werilobiT SeuZlebelia, igi mxolod<br />
deponirebis gziTaa SesaZlebeli mikroorganizmis nimuSebisaTvis<br />
gankuTvnil specializebul <strong>da</strong>wesebulebaSi. praqtikaSi,<br />
termini “mikroorganizmi” ganimarteba farTo gagebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong> moicavs biologiur masalas, romlis deponirebac saWiroa<br />
gamogonebis arsis gamosamJRavneblad, gansakuTrebiT im gamogonebebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, romlebic exeba kvebisa <strong>da</strong> farmacevtikis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rgebs.<br />
imisaTvis, rom Tavi<strong>da</strong>n iqnes acilebuli mikroorganizmis<br />
nimuSebis cal-calke deponireba yvela im qveyanaSi, romlebSic<br />
moiTxoveba gamogonebis <strong>da</strong>cva, xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad, sakmarisia<br />
mikroorganizmis deponireba “<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> depo nirebis<br />
organoSi”, sapatento procedurisaTvis xelSekrulebis yvela<br />
mxare saxelmwifos erovnul sapatento uwyebasa <strong>da</strong> regionalur<br />
11
12<br />
sapatento uwyebaSi (Tu aseTi regionaluri uwyeba deklaraciis<br />
gziT ganacxadebs, rom cnobs xelSekrulebas). aseTi deklaracia<br />
gakeTebuli aqvs evropis sapatento uwyebas, evraziis<br />
sapatento uwyebasa <strong>da</strong> inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis afrikis<br />
regionalur organizacias.<br />
is, rasac xelSekrulebiT “<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> deponirebis<br />
organo” ewodeba, aris samecniero <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba – Cveulebrivi<br />
“kulturis koleqcia” _ romelsac SeuZlia mikroorganizmebis<br />
Senaxva. aseTi <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba “<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> deponirebis<br />
uflebamosili organos” statuss iZens xelSekrulebis im<br />
mxare saxelmwifos mier, romlis teritoriazec mdebareobs<br />
aRniSnuli <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba, ismo-s generaluri mdivnisaTvis sagarantio<br />
sabuTis wardgeniT, imis Sesaxeb, rom es <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba<br />
akmayofilebs <strong>da</strong> momavalSic <strong>da</strong>akmayofilebs xelSekrulebiT<br />
gansazRvrul Sesabamis konkretul moTxovnebs.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis arsebob<strong>da</strong> 37 aseTi organo:<br />
Svidi _ gaerTianebul samefoSi, sam-sami – ruseTis federaciasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> koreis respublikaSi, or-ori _ CineTSi, italiaSi,<br />
iaponiaSi, poloneTSi, espaneTsa <strong>da</strong> aSS-Si, xolo TiTo _ avstraliaSi,<br />
belgiaSi, bulgareTSi, kana<strong>da</strong>Si, CexeTis respublikaSi,<br />
safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, ungreTSi, latviaSi, indoeTSi,<br />
niderlandebsa <strong>da</strong> slovakeTSi.<br />
aRniSnuli xelSekrulebiT misi mxare saxelmwifoebis<br />
sapatento sistema ufro mimzidveli xdeba, vinai<strong>da</strong>n is,<br />
upirveles yovlisa, im depozitorisaTvis aris xelsayreli,<br />
romelic sapatento ganacxads ramdenime saxelmwifoSi waradgens.<br />
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli procedurebiT mikroorganizmis<br />
deponireba Tanxis <strong>da</strong>zogvisa <strong>da</strong> saimedoobis<br />
xarisxis gazrdis saSualebas iZleva. Tanxis <strong>da</strong>zogva ganpirobebulia<br />
imiT, rom sakmarisia mikroorganizmis erTxel
deponireba deponirebis erT organoSi,nacvlad xelSekrulebis<br />
mxare sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveyanaSi deponirebisa. saimedoobis xarisxis<br />
gazr<strong>da</strong> ki ganpirobebulia imiT, rom xelSekruleba awesebs<br />
deponirebis, mikroorganizmebis nimuSebis aRiarebisa <strong>da</strong> wardgenis<br />
erTgvarovan sistemas.<br />
xelSekruleba ar iTvaliswinebs biujetis <strong>da</strong>dgenas, Tumca<br />
qmnis kavSirs <strong>da</strong> asambleas, romlis wevrebic arian amave<br />
xelSekrulebis mxare qveynebi. asambleis mTavari amocanaa<br />
xelSekrulebis qvemdebare instruqciis Sesworeba. saxelmwifoebs<br />
ar moeTxoveba ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuroSi Tanxis<br />
Setana bu<strong>da</strong>peStis gaerTianebaSi wevrobis an “<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
deponirebis organos” <strong>da</strong>fuZnebisaTvis.<br />
bu<strong>da</strong>peStis xelSekruleba <strong>da</strong>ido 1977 wels (sruli<br />
teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
xelSekruleba Riaa samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis parizis<br />
konvenciis (1883 w.) mxare saxelmwifoebisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis bu<strong>da</strong>peStis xelSe kruleba<br />
72 mxare saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saqarTvelo xelSekrulebas miuerT<strong>da</strong> 2005 wlis 30<br />
seqtembers.<br />
13
venis SeTanxmeba<br />
niSanTa gamosaxulebiTi elementebis<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> klasifikaciis <strong>da</strong>wesebis Sesaxeb<br />
(1973 w.)<br />
venis SeTanxmeba adgens im sasaqonlo niSnebis klasifikacias,<br />
romlebic gamosaxulebiTi elementebisagan Sedgeba an Seicavs<br />
maT. SeTanxmebis monawile saxelmwifoebis kompetenturi<br />
uwyebebi valdebulni arian, niSnebis registraciisa <strong>da</strong> moqmedebis<br />
vadis gagrZelebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul oficialur dokumentebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> publikaciebSi miuTiTon im kategoriebis, ganyofilebebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> seqciebis Sesabamisi simboloebi, romlebSic<br />
es niSnebia klasificirebuli.<br />
SeTanxmebis mier <strong>da</strong>fuZnebul eqspertTa sabWos, romel-<br />
Sic warmodgenilia SeTanxmebis yvela monawile saxelmwifo,<br />
evaleba klasifikaciis perioduli ga<strong>da</strong>sinjva. klasifikaciis<br />
axlandeli meeqvse re<strong>da</strong>qcia ZalaSia 2008 wlis 1 ianvri<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
klasifikacia Seicavs 29 kategorias, 144 ganyofilebas,<br />
1887 seqcias, romlebSic niSnebis gamosaxulebiTi elementebia<br />
klasificirebuli.<br />
klasifikacias iyenebs aranakleb 30 qveynis samrewvelo<br />
sakuTrebis uwyeba <strong>da</strong> ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuro, afrikis<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis organizacia (OAPI), beneluqsis<br />
sasaqonlo niSnebis uwyeba (BOIP) <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong> bazris harmonizaciis<br />
uwyeba (sasaqonlo niSnebi <strong>da</strong> samrewvelo nimuSebi)<br />
(OHIM).<br />
venis SeTanxmebiT Seqmnilia kavSiri, romelsac gaaCnia<br />
asamblea. kavSiris yoveli wevri saxelmwifo asambleis<br />
wevria.<br />
14
asambleis umniSvnelovanesi amocanebi<strong>da</strong>n erT-erTia<br />
kavSiris orwliani programisa <strong>da</strong> biujetis miReba.<br />
1973 wels <strong>da</strong>debuli venis SeTanxmeba Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1985<br />
wels (sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties)..<br />
SeTanxmeba Riaa samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis parizis<br />
konvenciis (1883w.) wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis venis SeTanxmeba 25 monawile<br />
mxares aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
15
lisabonis SeTanxmeba<br />
adgilwarmoSobis <strong>da</strong>saxelebebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis Sesaxeb<br />
(1958 w.)<br />
SeTanxmebis mizania uzrunvelyos adgil warmoSobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxelebebis <strong>da</strong>cva, anu <strong>da</strong>cva qveynis, regionis an adgilis<br />
geografiuli saxelisa, romelic gamoiyeneba iq warmoSobili<br />
im produqciis mosaniSnad, romlis xarisxi <strong>da</strong> maxasiaTeblebi<br />
mTlianad an arsebiTad ganpirobebulia geografiuli<br />
garemoTi, bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis faqtorebis CaTvliT.<br />
aseTi saxelebi registrirdeba ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
biuros mier JenevaSi SeTanxmebis monawile <strong>da</strong>interesebul<br />
saxelmwifoTa uflebamosili organoebis moTxovnis<br />
safuZvelze. <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuro registraciis Sesaxeb<br />
Setyobinebas ugzavnis xelSekrulebis monawile <strong>da</strong>narCen<br />
saxelmwifoebs. xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifos SeuZlia<br />
Setyobinebis miRebi<strong>da</strong>n erTi wlis va<strong>da</strong>Si ganacxados, rom<br />
igi ver uzrunvelyofs registrirebuli adgilwarmoSobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxelebis <strong>da</strong>cvas. xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifoSi<br />
registrirebuli adgilwarmoSobisaTvis <strong>da</strong>cvis miniWebis Semdeg<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxeleba ar SeiZleba gamocxaddes gvareobiTad gar<strong>da</strong>qmnilad,<br />
vidre misi <strong>da</strong>cva grZeldeba warmoSobis qveyanaSi.<br />
lisabonis SeTanxmebiT Seiqmna kavSiri. kavSirs<br />
gaaCnia asamblea. asambleis wevrad iTvleba kavSiris wevri<br />
yoveli saxelmwifo, romelic miuerT<strong>da</strong> stokholmis aqtis<br />
16
administraciul <strong>da</strong> finalur muxlebs mainc.<br />
lisabonis SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong>ido 1958 wels, ga<strong>da</strong>isinja 1967<br />
wels stokholmSi <strong>da</strong> Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1979 wels.<br />
SeTanxmeba Riaa samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb<br />
parizis konvenciis (1883 w.) wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis<br />
(sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi<br />
deponirebisaTvis waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis lisabonis SeTanxmeba 26<br />
monawile saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saqarTvelo SeTanxmebas miuerT<strong>da</strong> 2004 wlis 23<br />
seqtembers.<br />
17
lokarnos SeTanxmeba<br />
samrewvelo nimuSebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
klasifikaciis <strong>da</strong>arsebis Sesaxeb<br />
(1968 w.)<br />
SeTanxmeba awesebs samrewvelo nimuSebis klasifikacias.<br />
SeTanxmebis monawile saxelmwifoebis uflebamosilma uwyebebma<br />
oficialur dokumentebSi, romlebic samrewvelo nimuSebis<br />
wardgenas an registracias exeba, un<strong>da</strong> miuTiTon klasifikaciis<br />
saTanado simboloebi. aRniSnuli simboloebi un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos imave masalebSi, romlebsac gamoscems uwyeba depozitsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> registraciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />
klasifikacia Sedgeba 32 klasisa <strong>da</strong> 223 qveklasisagan.<br />
is Seicavs, agreTve, nawarmis anbanur CamonaTvals im klasebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> qveklasebis miTiTebiT, romlebsac mocemuli nawarmi ganekuTvneba.<br />
CamonaTvali Seicavs 6831 <strong>da</strong>saxelebas.<br />
eqspertTa komiteti, romelSic yvela monawile saxelmwifoa<br />
warmodgenili, SeTanxmebiTaa <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli <strong>da</strong> uflebamosilia<br />
periodulad ga<strong>da</strong>sinjos klasifikacia. amJamad moqmedi<br />
klasifikaciis merve re<strong>da</strong>qcia, romelic ZalaSia 2006<br />
wli<strong>da</strong>n, miRebulia 2002 wels.<br />
klasifikacias iyeneben lokarnos SeTanxmebis mxare saxelmwifoebi.<br />
mas, agreTve, iyeneben ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuro, beneluqsis<br />
samrewvelo nimuSebis uwyeba samrewvelo nimuSebis<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> deponirebis Sesaxeb haagis SeTanxmebis (1925 w.)<br />
administrirebisas, <strong>da</strong> evropis kavSiris Siga bazris harmonizaciis<br />
uwyeba (sasaqonlo niSnebi <strong>da</strong> samrewvelo nimuSebi).<br />
lokarnos SeTanxmebiT Seiqmna kavSiri Tavisi asambleiT;<br />
kavSiris yoveli wevri saxelmwifo amave dros asambleis<br />
18
wevricaa.<br />
asambleis erT-erTi mTavari amocanaa kavSiris orwliani<br />
programisa <strong>da</strong> biujetis <strong>da</strong>mtkiceba.<br />
lokarnos SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong>ido 1968 wels, ZalaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong><br />
1971 wels <strong>da</strong> Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1979 wels (sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze:<br />
www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
SeTanxmeba Riaa samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis parizis<br />
konvenciis (1883 w.) mxare saxelmwifoebisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis lokarnos SeTanxmeba 49<br />
mxare saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
19
madridis SeTanxmeba<br />
niSnebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis Sesaxeb<br />
(1891 w.) <strong>da</strong> am SeTanxmebasTan arsebuli oqmi<br />
(1989 w.)<br />
niSnebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis sistema regulirdeba<br />
ori xelSekrulebiT: niSnebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis<br />
Sesaxeb madridis SeTanxmebiT <strong>da</strong> madridis SeTanxmebasTan<br />
arsebuli oqmiT.<br />
madridis SeTanxmebasTan arsebuli oqmi <strong>da</strong>ido madridis<br />
sistemis meti moqnilobis uzrunvelyofisa <strong>da</strong> zogierTi<br />
im qveynis erovnul kanonmdeblobasTan ukeT morgebis mizniT,<br />
romelmac ver SeZlo SeTanxmebasTan mierTeba.<br />
madridis SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong> oqmi Riaa yvela im saxelmwifosaTvis,<br />
romelic samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb<br />
parizis konvenciis wevria. orive xelSekruleba paralelurad<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukideblad arsebobs <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT mierTeba<br />
rogorc calkeul maTganTan, ise orivesTan. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa,<br />
oqmis wevri SeiZleba gaxdes is samTavrobaTaSoriso organizacia,<br />
romelsac gaaCnia niSnebis registraciis sakuTari uwyeba.<br />
madridis sistemis wevri saxelmwifoebi <strong>da</strong> organizaciebi er-<br />
Toblivad iwodebian monawile mxareebad.<br />
sistema iZleva niSnis <strong>da</strong>cvis SesaZleblobas bevr qveyanaSi<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis safuZvelze, romelic moqmedebs<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis gavrcelebis mizniT miTiTebul xelSekrulebis<br />
mona wile yvela mxare saxelmwifoSi.<br />
ganacxadi <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciaze (<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
ganacxadi) SeiZleba Setanil iqnes mxolod im fizikuri an iuridiuli<br />
piris mier, romelic <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia SeTanxmebis an<br />
20
oqmis monawile mxaresTan moqmedi <strong>da</strong>wesebulebiT, an mudmivi<br />
sacxovrebeli adgiliT, an moqalaqeobiT.<br />
niSani mxolod im SemTxvevaSia <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadis<br />
sagani,Tu is ukve registrirebulia im monawile mxaris<br />
sasaqonlo niSnebis uwyebaSi (warmoSobis uwyeba), romel-<br />
Tanac ganmcxadebeli <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia zemoxsenebuli erT-erTi<br />
aucilebeli garemoebiT; Tumca im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
gavrcelebis mizniT, yvela miTiTeba oqmis mixedviT xorcieldeba,<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadi SeiZleba ubralod efuZnebodes<br />
warmoSobis uwyebaSi registraciaze Setanil ganacxads. saer-<br />
TaSoriso ganacxadi un<strong>da</strong> waredginos ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
biuros warmoSobis uwyebis SuamdgomlobiT.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciaze ganacxadSi miTi Tebuli<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iyos erTi an meti monawile mxare, romelSic moiTxoveba<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis gavrceleba. <strong>da</strong>matebiTi miTiTebebi mogvianebiTac<br />
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes. <strong>da</strong>cvis gavrcelebis mizniT monawile<br />
mxaris miTiTeba SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is imave<br />
xelSekrulebis wevria, romlis wevricaa warmoSobis uwyebis<br />
monawile mxare. es ukanaskneli Tavad ar SeiZleba mieTiTos<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadSi.<br />
mocemuli monawile mxaris miTiTeba SeTanxmebis an<br />
oqmis safuZvelze xorcieldeba imis mixedviT, Tu romeli<br />
xelSekrulebaa monawile mxareebisTvis saerTo. Tu orive<br />
monawile mxare rogorc SeTanxmebis, ise oqmis wevria, maSin<br />
miTiTeba xorcieldeba SeTanxmebiT, e.w. “upiratesobis <strong>da</strong>mcavi<br />
muxlis” gaTvaliswinebiT (muxli 9 sexies ).<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac yvela miTiTeba SeTanxmebis mixedviT<br />
xorcieldeba,<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadi <strong>da</strong> Semdgomi mimowera<br />
frangul enaze un<strong>da</strong> Sesruldes. Tu erTi miTiTeba mainc xorcieldeba<br />
oqmis mixedviT, maSin ganmcxadebels SeuZlia arCevani<br />
21
22<br />
gaakeTos inglisur <strong>da</strong> frangul enebs Soris, Tuki warmoSobis<br />
qveyana am arCevans erT-erTi maTganiT ar zRu<strong>da</strong>vs.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadis Setana eqvemdebareba ZiriTadi<br />
safasuris ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuros xarjebis <strong>da</strong>safaravad,<br />
Semavsebeli safasuris ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>s saqonlis <strong>da</strong>/an momsaxurebis<br />
samze meti yoveli klasisaTvis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>matebiTi safasuris<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>s yoveli monawile mxaris miTiTebisaTvis.<br />
Tumca monawile mxares SeuZlia ganacxados, rom rodesac igi<br />
oqmis mixedviT aris miTiTebuli, <strong>da</strong>matebiTi safasuri un<strong>da</strong><br />
Seicvalos individualuri safasuriT, romlis sididec ganisazRvreba<br />
Sesabamisi monawile mxaris mier, magram igi ar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRematebodes safasurs, romelic ga<strong>da</strong>ixdebo<strong>da</strong> niSnis<br />
uSualod mis uwyebaSi registraciis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
mas Semdeg, rac <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuro miiRebs saerTa-<br />
Soriso ganacxads,is atarebs eqspertizas,raTa <strong>da</strong>dgindes misi<br />
Sesabamisoba SeTanxmebis, oqmisa <strong>da</strong> maTi erTiani instruqciis<br />
moTxovnebTan. eqspertiza Semoifargleba formaluri moTxovnebiT,<br />
romelic moicavs klasifikaciasa <strong>da</strong> saqonlis <strong>da</strong>/an<br />
momsaxurebebis sruli CamonaTvlis zust formulirebas. yvela<br />
arsobrivi sakiTxis gansazRvra, rogoricaa imis <strong>da</strong>dgena, aris<br />
Tu ara niSani <strong>da</strong>cvisunariani,an upirispirdeba Tu ara igi adre<br />
arsebul niSans, miTiTebul monawile mxares ekisreba. Tu aranairi<br />
xarvezi ar arsebobs, <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuros niSani Seaqvs<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> reestrSi, aqveynebs <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registracias<br />
ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> niSnebis biuletenSi <strong>da</strong> atyobinebs amis<br />
Sesaxeb yovel monawile mxares.<br />
monawile mxareebs SeuZliaT Caataron <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registraciis eqspertiza, erovnuli kanonmdeblobebis moTxovnebTan<br />
Sesabamisobis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad, arsebiT moTxovnebTan raime<br />
Seusabamobis <strong>da</strong>dgenis SemTxvevaSi, maT aqvT ufleba uari Tqvan
sakuTar teritoriaze niSnisaTvis <strong>da</strong>cvis miniWebaze. yoveli<br />
aseTi uari, uaris Tqmis safuZvlebis miTiTebasTan erTad,<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ecnobos <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuros, Cveulebriv, Setyobinebis<br />
TariRi<strong>da</strong>n 12 Tvis va<strong>da</strong>Si. Tumca oqmis monawile mxares<br />
SeuZlia ganacxados, rom rodesac mis teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
gavrceleba oqmis mixedviT moiTxoveba, es va<strong>da</strong> 18 Tvemde<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gagrZeldes. aseT SemTxvevaSi monawile mxares SeuZlia<br />
ganacxados, agreTve, rom Tu uari Se<strong>da</strong>vebas efuZneba, maSin is<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuros SeiZleba am 18 Tviani vadis gasvlis<br />
Semdegac ki ecnobos.<br />
uari ecnobeba mflobels, Seitaneba <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> reestrSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> qveyndeba biuletenSi. uaris Tqmis Sem dgomi<br />
procedura (rogoricaa gasaCivreba an ga<strong>da</strong>sinjva)Ñtardeba<br />
uSualod Sesabamisi monawile mxaris administraciasa <strong>da</strong><br />
mflobels an sasamarTlosa <strong>da</strong> mflobels Soris <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
biuros raime monawileobis gareSe. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, saboloo<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb un<strong>da</strong> ecnobos <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
biuros, romelic Seitans mas reestrSi <strong>da</strong> gamoaqveynebs.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis TariRi<strong>da</strong>n yovel miTiTebul<br />
monawile mxareSi <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registracias igive Sedegi<br />
aqvs, rogoric eqnebo<strong>da</strong> niSans uSualod monawile mxaris uwyebaSi<br />
wardgenis SemTxvevaSi. Tu uaryofiTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba<br />
saTanado va<strong>da</strong>Si ar iqna gamotanili an uaris Sesaxeb Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli<br />
Setyobineba ukan iqna gamoTxovili monawile mxaris<br />
mier, <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis dRi<strong>da</strong>n niSnis <strong>da</strong>cva iqneba<br />
iseTive, rogoric eqnebo<strong>da</strong> mas monawile mxaris uwyebis mier<br />
misi registraciis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>cva SeiZleba SeizRudos saqonlis an momsaxurebis<br />
mTliani CamonaTvlis an misi nawilis mimarT an ar gavrceldes<br />
mxolod zogierTi miTiTebuli monawile mxaris teritoriaze.<br />
23
24<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registracia SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>eqvemdebaros uflebebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemas yvela an zogierTi miTiTebuli monawile mxaris<br />
teritoriaze <strong>da</strong> saqonlis an momsaxurebis mTliani CamonaTvlis<br />
an misi nawilis mimarT.<br />
niSnebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis sistemas ramdenime<br />
upiratesoba gaaCnia sasaqonlo niSnis mesakuTreebisaTvis.<br />
yvela misTvis sasurvel qveyanaSi mravali erovnuli<br />
ganacxadis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva enaze, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva erovnuli proceduruli<br />
wesebisa <strong>da</strong> instruqciebis <strong>da</strong>cviT <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva (xSirad ufro<br />
maRali) safasuris ga<strong>da</strong>xdiT Setanis nacvlad, <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registracia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ubralod erTi ganacxadis<br />
wardgeniT <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuroSi (mSobliuri qveynis<br />
uwyebis meSveobiT) erT enaze (inglisurad an frangulad) <strong>da</strong><br />
safasurebis mxolod erTiani Tanxis ga<strong>da</strong>xdiT.<br />
msgavsi upiratesobebi ZalaSi rCeba, rodesac xdeba registraciis<br />
gagrZeleba, risTvisac saWiroa safasurebis ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuroSi yovel 10 weliwadSi. amave dros, Tu<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciaze ufleba mesame mxares ga<strong>da</strong>eca<br />
an mox<strong>da</strong> sxva saxis cvlilebebi, rogoricaa saxelis <strong>da</strong>/an<br />
misamarTis cvlileba, yvelaferi SeiZleba Setanil iqnes reestrSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> moqmedebdes yvela miTiTebul monawile mxareSi<br />
erTi proceduruli safexuris gamoyenebiT.<br />
madridis sistemis ganviTarebaze metyvelebs is faqti,<br />
rom 1978 wels <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuros mier 7307 <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registracia iqna Setanili reestrSi, maSin roca 2001 wels<br />
Sesabamisi raodenoba 22968 iyo. es <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadebi<br />
Seicav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis gavrcelebis mizniT 275160 monawile mxareze<br />
miTiTebas,saSualod TiToeul ganacxadze _ Tormets. am cifrs<br />
un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ematos 26333 miTiTeba, romelic ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> 2000<br />
wels adrindel <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.
sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, 2000 wels <strong>da</strong>cvis gavrcelebis<br />
mizniT ganxorcielebuli miTiTebebi 301000-ze meti erovnuli<br />
ganacxadis ekvivalenturia.<br />
momxmareblisaTvis madridis sistemis gamoyenebis gasaadvileblad<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuro gamoscems madridis SeTanxmebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> oqmis mixedviT niSnebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis<br />
saxelmZRvanelos.<br />
madridis SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong>ido 1891 wels <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>isinja<br />
briuselSi 1900 wels, vaSingtonSi _ 1911 wels, haagaSi _<br />
1925 wels, londonSi _ 1934 wels, nicaSi _ 1957 wels <strong>da</strong><br />
stokholmSi _ 1967 wels; Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1979 wels. madridis<br />
SeTanxmebasTan arsebuli oqmi ki <strong>da</strong>ido 1989 wels (SeTanxmebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> oqmis sruli teqstebi ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.<br />
int/treaties).<br />
madridis SeTanxmebis <strong>da</strong> oqmis ratifikaciis an mierTebis<br />
samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis waredgineba ismo-s<br />
generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis madridis SeTanxmeba 56,xolo<br />
oqmi 78 monawile mxares aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saqarTvelo miuerT<strong>da</strong> oqms 1998 wlis 20 agvistos.<br />
25
madridis SeTanxmeba<br />
saqonelze yalbi an SecdomaSi Semyvani<br />
warmoSobis aRniSvnebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb<br />
(1891 w.)<br />
SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, yvela saqoneli, romelic atarebs<br />
warmoSobis yalb an SecdomaSi Semyvan aRniSvnas, romeliTac<br />
xdeba pir<strong>da</strong>piri Tu iribi miTiTeba SeTanxmebis monawile erTerT<br />
saxelmwifoze an saxelmwifoSi mdebare adgilze, rogorc<br />
warmoSobis qveyanaze an adgilze, un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ya<strong>da</strong>Rdes importirebisas,<br />
an aseTi importi un<strong>da</strong> aikrZalos, an sxva qmedebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sanqciebi un<strong>da</strong> iqnes gamoyenebuli aseTi saxis importTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />
SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebs im SemTxvevebs, rodesac SeiZleba<br />
moiTxovebodes <strong>da</strong>ya<strong>da</strong>Reba, <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ya<strong>da</strong>Rebis ganxorcielebis<br />
wess. SeTanxmeba krZalavs saqonlis gayidvis, gamofenaze<br />
eqsponirebis an gasayi<strong>da</strong>d SeTavazebisas yvela im aRniSvnis<br />
gamoyenebas, romelsac SeuZlia sazogadoebis SecdomaSi Seyvana<br />
saqonlis warmoSobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. TiToeuli monawile<br />
saxelmwifos sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi rCeba imis gansaz-<br />
Rvra, Tu gvareobiTi xasiaTis gamo romeli <strong>da</strong>saxelebebi<br />
(gar<strong>da</strong> yurZnis produqtebis warmoSobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
regionebis <strong>da</strong>saxelebisa) ar xvdeba SeTanxmebis samarTlebriv<br />
sferoSi. SeTanxmeba ar iTvaliswinebs kavSiris, raime mmarTveli<br />
organos an biujetis Seqmnas.<br />
SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong>ido 1891 wels <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>isinja: vaSingtonSi<br />
1911 wels, haagaSi _ 1925 wels, londonSi _ 1934 wels,<br />
lisabonSi _ 1958 wels <strong>da</strong> stokholmSi _ 1967 wels (sruli<br />
teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
26
SeTanxmeba Riaa samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb<br />
parizis konvenciis (1883 w.) mxare saxelmwifoebisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis SeTanxmeba 35 mxare saxelmwifos<br />
aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
27
nairobis xelSekruleba<br />
olimpiuri simboloebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb<br />
(1981 w.)<br />
xelSekrulebis yoveli mxare saxelmwifo valdebulia<br />
xuTi rgolis saxiT warmodgenili olimpiuri simbolo <strong>da</strong>icvas<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> olimpiuri komitetis nebarTvis gareSe<br />
komerciuli miznebiT gamoyenebisagan (reklamebSi, saqonelze,<br />
niSnis saxiT <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
xelSekrulebis mniSvnelovani Sedegia is, rom Tu saerTa-<br />
Soriso olimpiuri komiteti xelSekrulebis mxare saxelmwifos<br />
olimpiuri simbolos gamoyenebis nebarTvas aZlevs Tavis<br />
teritoriaze, amave saxelmwifos erovnuli olimpiuri komiteti<br />
nawilobriv Semosavals iRebs im Semosavli<strong>da</strong>n, romelsac<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> olimpiuri komiteti iRebs aRniSnuli nebarTvis<br />
micemaSi.<br />
xelSekruleba ar iTvaliswinebs gaerTianebis, mmarTveli<br />
organos an biujetis <strong>da</strong>wesebas.<br />
xelSekruleba (sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.<br />
int/treaties) Riaa nebismieri saxelmwifosaTvis, romelic aris<br />
ismo-s, samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis parizis kavSiris (1883 w.),<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wevri, an gaerTianebuli<br />
erebis organizaciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli nebismieri organizaciisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis xelSekruleba 47 mxare<br />
saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
28
nicis SeTanxmeba<br />
niSnebis registraciisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
saqonlisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
klasifikaciis Sesaxeb<br />
(1957 w.)<br />
SeTanxmeba adgens sasaqonlo <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis niSnebis<br />
registraciisaTvis gankuTvnili saqonlisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis<br />
klasifikacias (nicis klasifikacia). SeTanxmebis monawile<br />
saxelmwifoebis sasaqonlo niSnebis uwyebaTa valdebulebaa<br />
niSnebis yovel registraciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul oficialur dokumentebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> publikaciebSi klasifikaciis mixedviT <strong>da</strong>dgenili<br />
im klasebis simboloebis miTiTeba, romelTac miekuTvneba<br />
registrirebuli niSani.<br />
klasifikacia moicavs klasebis CamonaTvals – saqonlis<br />
34 <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis 11 klass – <strong>da</strong> klasebisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis<br />
anbanur CamonaTvals. es ukanaskneli Seadgens 11600-mde<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxelebas. orive saxis CamonaTvali periodulad swordeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> ivseba eqspertTa sabWos mier, romelSic warmodgenilia<br />
yvela monawile saxelmwifo. amJamad moqmedebaSia klasifikaciis<br />
mecxre re<strong>da</strong>qcia, romelic ZalaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong> 2007 wlis<br />
pirvel ianvars.<br />
aranakleb 148 qveynis sasaqonlo niSnebis uwyeba, iseve,<br />
rogorc ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuro, afrikis inteleqtualuri<br />
sakuTrebis organizacia (OAPI), afrikis inteleqtualuri<br />
sakuTrebis regionaluri organizacia (ARIPO), beneluqsis<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uwyeba (BOIP) <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong> bazris<br />
harmonizaciis uwyeba (sasaqonlo niSnebi <strong>da</strong> samrewvelo<br />
nimuSebi) (OHIM) aqtiurad iyenebs aRniSnul klasifikacias.<br />
29
30<br />
nicis SeTanxmebiT Seqmnilia kavSiri, romelsac gaaCnia<br />
asamblea. kavSiris yoveli wevri, romelic miuerT<strong>da</strong> nicis<br />
SeTanxmebis stokholmis an Jenevis aqtebs, asambleis wevria.<br />
asambleis umniSvnelovanes amocanebs ganekuTvneba kav-<br />
Siris orwliani programisa <strong>da</strong> biujetis miReba.<br />
1957 wels <strong>da</strong>debuli nicis SeTanxmeba ga<strong>da</strong>isinja<br />
1967 wels stokholmSi <strong>da</strong> 1977 wels _ JenevaSi, agreTve,<br />
Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1979 wels (sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.<br />
wipo.int/treaties).<br />
SeTanxmeba Riaa samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb<br />
parizis konvenciis (1883 w.) mxare saxelmwifoebisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis nicis SeTanxmeba 83 monawile<br />
saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saqarTvelo SeTanxmebas miuerT<strong>da</strong> 2003 wlis 28<br />
Tebervals.
parizis konvencia<br />
samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb<br />
(1883 w.)<br />
konvencia exeba samrewvelo sakuTrebas farTo gagebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
moicavs gamogonebebs, sasaqonlo <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis niSnebs, samrewvelo<br />
nimuSebs, sasargeblo modelebs (”mcire gamogoneba”,<br />
romelsac zogierTi qveynis kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs), safirmo<br />
saxelwodebebs (aRniSvnebi, romelTa gamoyenebiT xorcieldeba<br />
samrewvelo an komerciuli saqmianoba), geografiul<br />
aRniSvnebs (warmoSobis aRniSvnebi <strong>da</strong> adgilwarmoSobis <strong>da</strong>saxelebebi)<br />
<strong>da</strong> arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis aRkveTas.<br />
konvenciis materialuri normebi iyofa sam ZiriTad kategoriad.<br />
normaTa pirveli kategoria exeba erovnuli reJimis<br />
uflebas. meore kategoria awesebs e.w. prioritetis uflebas,<br />
xolo mesame kategoria aerTianebs zogad normebs:<br />
• erovnuli reJimis Sesaxeb normebis mixedviT, konvencia<br />
iTvaliswinebs, rom TiToeulma monawile saxelmwifom<br />
sxva monawile saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeebs samrewvelo sakuTrebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT mianiWos igive <strong>da</strong>cva, rogorsac<br />
igi aniWebs sakuTar moqalaqeebs. konvenciis monawile<br />
saxelmwifos moqalaqeebs, romlebsac aqvT mudmivi sacxovrebeli<br />
adgili an namdvili <strong>da</strong> moqmedi samrewvelo an<br />
komerciuli sawarmo monawile saxelmwifoSi, agreTve, aqvT<br />
ufleba erovnul reJimze.<br />
• gamogonebis,sasargeblo modelebis,niSnebisa <strong>da</strong> samrewvelo<br />
nimuSebisaTvis konvencia iTvaliswinebs prioritetis uflebas.<br />
es ufleba niSnavs, rom romelime monawile saxelmwifoSi<br />
samrew velo sakuTrebis uflebaze Setanili sworad<br />
31
32<br />
gaformebuli ganacxadis safuZvelze misi Setanis TariRi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
drois garkveul periodSi, (gamogonebebisa <strong>da</strong> sasargeblo<br />
modelebisaTvis 12 Tve, xolo samrewvelo nimuSebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sasaqonlo niSnebisaTvis 6 Tve) ganmcxadebels SeuZlia<br />
aRniSnuli ganacxadis Setanis TariRis safuZvelze, mogvianebiT<br />
moiTxovos <strong>da</strong>cva yvela sxva monawile saxelmwifo-<br />
Si. amasTan, sxva qveyanSi Setanili ganacxadi pirveli (anu<br />
yvelaze adrindeli) ganacxadis Setanis dRes Setanilad<br />
ganixileba. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, aseTi mogvianebiT Setanili<br />
ganacxadi sargeblobs prioritetiT (aqe<strong>da</strong>n momdinareobs<br />
termini _ ”prioritetis ufleba”) yvela im ganacxadis<br />
mimarT, romlebic SesaZloa ukve iyo Setanili drois<br />
aRniSnuli periodis ganmavlobaSi sxva pirebis mier imave<br />
gamogonebis, sasargeblo modelis, niSnis an samrewvelo nimuSisaTvis.<br />
ufro metic, am intervalSi momx<strong>da</strong>ri nebismieri<br />
faqti, rogoricaa gamogonebis sajaro gaxsna, an iseTi<br />
produqciis gayidva, romelic niSandebulia sasaqonlo niSniT<br />
an Seicavs samrewvelo nimuSs, ar iqoniebs gavlenas<br />
pirveli ganacxadis prioritetis moTxovniT mogvianebiT<br />
Setanil ganacxadze. am normis erT-erTi praqtikuli upiratesoba<br />
isaa, rom Tu ganmcxadebels surs <strong>da</strong>cva ramdenime<br />
qveyanaSi, igi ar aris valdebuli erTdroulad waradginos<br />
yvela Tavisi ganacxadi, aramed mas eZleva eqvs _ an<br />
TormetTviani va<strong>da</strong>, raTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos, Tu romel qveynebSi<br />
surs uflebis mopoveba, <strong>da</strong> saTanado organizeba gauwios am<br />
mimarTulebiT ga<strong>da</strong>sadgmel nabijebs.<br />
• kovencia adgens yvela monawile saxelmwifosaTvis savaldebulo<br />
ramdenime zogad normas, romelTa Soris mniSvnelovania<br />
Semdegi:
patentebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva monawile saxelmwifoSi erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave gamogonebaze<br />
gacemuli patentebi urTierT<strong>da</strong>moukidebelia _ erT<br />
monawile saxelmwifoSi patentis gacema ar avaldebulebs<br />
sxva monawile saxelmwifoebs, gascen patenti; ar SeiZleba<br />
patentis gacemaze uaris Tqma, gauqmeba an misi moqmedebis Sewyveta<br />
im mizeziT, rom patentis gacemaze uari iTqva, gauqm<strong>da</strong><br />
an Sewy<strong>da</strong> nebismier sxva monawile saxelmwifoSi.<br />
gamogonebis Semqmnels ufleba aqvs patentSi moxseniebuli<br />
iyos gamomgoneblad.<br />
ar SeiZleba uari iTqvas patentis gacemaze <strong>da</strong> ar<br />
SeiZleba patentis baTilad cnoba im mizeziT, rom <strong>da</strong>patentebuli<br />
produqciis, an <strong>da</strong>patentebuli xerxiT miRebuli<br />
produqciis,gayidva, erovnuli kanonmdeblobi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
eqvemdebareba akrZalvebsa <strong>da</strong> SezRudvebs.<br />
TiToeul monawile saxelmwifos, romelic patentiT<br />
miniWebuli gansakuTrebuli uflebis borotad gamoyenebis<br />
aRsakveTad iZulebiTi licenziebis gacemas iTvaliswinebs,<br />
administraciuli zomebis gatareba mxolod garkveuli Sez-<br />
RudvebiT SeuZlia. saxeldobr, <strong>da</strong>patentebuli gamogonebis<br />
gamouyeneblobaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli iZulebiTi licenzia,romelic<br />
gaicema ara patentmflobelis, aramed mocemuli saxelmwifos<br />
saxelisuflo organos mier, mesame pirTa moTxovnis<br />
safuZvelze, SeiZleba gaices mxolod <strong>da</strong>patentebuli gamogonebis<br />
gamouyeneblobis an arasakmarisi gamoyenebis sami an<br />
oTxwliani vadis gasvlis Semdeg. aseTi licenziis gacemaze<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas uari, Tu patentmflobeli warmoadgens<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTebul mizezebs Tavisi umoqmedobis gasamarTleblad.<br />
amasTan, patentze uflebis CamorTmeva ar SeiZleba iyos<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli, gar<strong>da</strong> im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac iZulebiTi<br />
33
licenziis gacema ar aRmoCndeba sakmarisi gansakuTrebuli<br />
uflebis borotad gamoyenebis aRsakveTad. am SemTxvevaSi, patentis<br />
gauqmebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sasamarTlo saqme SeiZleba<br />
aRiZras mxolod pirveli iZulebiTi licenziis gacemi<strong>da</strong>n ori<br />
wlis gasvlis Semdeg.<br />
niSnebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
parizis konvencia ar aregulirebs niSnebis Setanisa <strong>da</strong><br />
registraciis pirobebs. isini TiToeul monawile saxelmwifoSi<br />
dgindeba erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT. amasTan, ar SeiZleba<br />
monawile saxelmwifos moqalaqes niSnis saregistraciod<br />
Setanil ganacxadze uari eTqvas, arc misi niSnis registraciis<br />
gabaTileba SeiZleba im mizeziT, rom Setana, registracia an<br />
vadis gagrZeleba ar ganxorcielebula warmoSobis qveyanaSi.<br />
mas Semdeg, rac monawile saxelmwifoSi niSani registrirdeba,<br />
igi <strong>da</strong>moukidebelia nebismier sxva qveyanaSi misi SesaZlo<br />
registraciebisagan; Sedegad, niSnis registraciis vadis gasvla<br />
an gauqmeba erT monawile saxelmwifoSi ar axdens gavlenas<br />
registraciaze sxva monawile saxelmwifoebSi.<br />
warmoSobis qveyanaSi marTlzomierad registrirebuli<br />
niSnis sxva monawile saxelmwifoSi saregistraciod wardgenisas,<br />
igi gansaxilvelad miRebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>culi un<strong>da</strong> iyos im<br />
saxiT, rogoriTac <strong>da</strong>culia warmoSobis qveyanaSi. amave dros,<br />
garkveul SemTxvevebSi registraciaze SeiZleba iTqvas uari,<br />
magaliTad, Tu niSani arRvevs mesame piris mier ukve mopovebul<br />
uflebas, ar gaaCnia ganmasxvavebloba, ewinaaRmdegeba zneobriv<br />
normebsa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebriv wesrigs, an Tu mas SeuZlia<br />
gamoiwvios Secdoma.<br />
Tu, romelime monawile saxelmwifoSi registrirebuli<br />
niSnis gamoyeneba savaldebuloa, registraciis gauqmeba<br />
34
SesaZlebelia gonivruli periodis gasvlis Semdeg, <strong>da</strong> mxolod<br />
maSin, Tu mflobeli ver SeZlebs misi umoqmedobis<br />
gamarTlebas.<br />
yoveli monawile saxelmwifo valdebulia uari Tqvas im<br />
niSnebis registraciaze <strong>da</strong> akrZalos iseTi niSnebis gamoyeneba,<br />
romlebic warmoadgens am saxelmwifos kompetenturi organos<br />
mier aRiarebuli sayovelTaod cnobili niSnis reproduqcias,<br />
imitacias an Targmans, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios aRreva am<br />
sayovelTaod cnobil niSanTan, Tu is im pirovnebis niSania,<br />
visac ufleba aqvs isargeblos konvenciis upiratesobebiT, <strong>da</strong><br />
Tu gamoiyeneba msgavsi saqonlisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebisaTvis.<br />
yoveli monawile saxelmwifo valdebulia uari Tqvas,<br />
agreTve, im niSnebis registraciaze <strong>da</strong> akrZalos iseTi niSnebis<br />
gamoyeneba, romlebic Seadgens an Seicavs monawile<br />
saxelmwifoebis gerbs, saxelmwifo emblemebs, oficialur simboloebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mRebs Sesabamisi nebarTvis gareSe, Tu saxelmwifo<br />
am saxis simboloebis Sesaxeb oficialurad aris informirebuli<br />
ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuros mier. igive normebi<br />
gamoiyeneba garkveuli samTavrobaTaSoriso organizaciebis<br />
gerbebis, droSebis, sxva emblemebis, abreviaturebisa <strong>da</strong> saxelwodebebisaTvisac.<br />
yoveli monawile saxelmwifo valdebulia uzrunvelyos<br />
koleqtiuri niSnebis <strong>da</strong>cva.<br />
samrewvelo nimuSebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
samrewvelo nimuSebi <strong>da</strong>culi un<strong>da</strong> iyos yovel monawile<br />
saxelmwifoSi <strong>da</strong> mopovebuli uflebis <strong>da</strong>kargva ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
moxdes im mizeziT, rom nakeTobebi, romlebic moicavs nimuSs,<br />
ar iwarmoeba am saxelmwifoSi.<br />
35
safirmo saxelwodebebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
yovel monawile saxelmwifoSi safirmo saxelwodebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cva un<strong>da</strong> iyos uzrunvelyofili ganacxadis Setanis an registraciis<br />
valdebulebis gareSe.<br />
warmoSobis aRniSvnebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
yovelma monawile saxelmwifom un<strong>da</strong> miiRos zomebi<br />
saqonlis warmoSobis an mwarmoeblis, <strong>da</strong>mamzadeblis an<br />
movaWris vinaobis pir<strong>da</strong>piri an arapir<strong>da</strong>piri yalbi miTiTebis<br />
winaaRmdeg.<br />
arakeTilsindisier konkurenciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT<br />
yovelma monawile saxelmwifom un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinos<br />
qmediTi <strong>da</strong>cva arakeTilsindisieri kon ku renciis winaaRmdeg.<br />
konvenciis mier <strong>da</strong>arsebul parizis kavSirs gaaCnia asamblea<br />
<strong>da</strong> aRmasrulebeli komiteti. kavSiris wevri TiToeuli<br />
saxelmwifo, romelic miuerT<strong>da</strong> stokholmis aqtis (1967w.)<br />
administraciul <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvniT normebs, asambleis wevria. aRmasrulebeli<br />
komitetis wevrebis arCeva xorcieldeba kavSiris<br />
wevri saxelmwifoebisagan, gar<strong>da</strong> Sveicariisa, romelic aris ex<br />
offi cio wevri.<br />
asambleis amocanaa ismo-s samdivnos orwliani programisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> biujetis SemuSaveba parizis kavSirTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
parizis konvencia <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong> 1883 wels <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>isinja:<br />
briuselSi _ 1900 wels, vaSingtonSi _ 1911 wels, haagaSi _<br />
1925 wels, londonSi _ 1934 wels, lisabonSi _ 1958 wels,<br />
stokholmSi _ 1967 wels; cvlilebebi iqna Setanili 1979<br />
wels (sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
konvencia Riaa yvela saxelmwifosaTvis.<br />
36
atifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvris monacemebiT, parizis konvenciis<br />
monawilea 173 saxelmwifo, romelTagan 171 asambleis wevria,<br />
xolo aRmasrulebel komitetSi Sedis 42 saxelmwifo.<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris <strong>da</strong>Slis Sedegad, saqarTvelo miiCneva<br />
parizis konvenciis monawiled 1991 wlis 25 dekembri<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
37
sapatento kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba<br />
(2000w.)<br />
38<br />
sapatento kanonis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis (PLT<br />
xelSekrulebis) mizania erovnul <strong>da</strong> regionalur sapatento<br />
ganacxadebsa <strong>da</strong> patentebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli formaluri<br />
moTxovnebisa <strong>da</strong> procedurebis harmonizacia <strong>da</strong> raci onalizacia.<br />
Setanis TariRis <strong>da</strong>dgenisaTvis saWiro moTxovnebis<br />
mniSvnelovan gamartivebasTan erTad PLT xelSekruleba<br />
iTvaliswinebs moTxovnaTa mTel rig nairsaxeobebs, romelTa<br />
gamoyenebac monawile mxareebis uwyebebs SeuZliaT. es<br />
niSnavs, rom monawile mxare Tavisufalia iseTi moTxovnebis<br />
SerCevaSi, romlebic ufro xelsayrelia ganmcxadeblebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mflobelebisaTvis, magram, amasTan <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia maTze meti<br />
moTxovnebis <strong>da</strong>weseba. kerZod, xelSekruleba Seicavs normebs,<br />
romlebic exeba Semdeg sakiTxebs:<br />
• Setanis TariRis <strong>da</strong>dgenis moTxovnebis moyvana stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan<br />
SesabamisobaSi, raTa ganmcxadeblebisaTvis Setanis<br />
TariRis <strong>da</strong>kargvis SesaZlebloba minimumamde iyos Semcirebuli.<br />
PLT xelSekruleba monawile mxareebis uwyebebs avaldebulebs,rom<br />
Setanis TariRis <strong>da</strong>dgena moxdes sami martivi<br />
formaluri moTxovnis Sesabamisad: pirveli – uwyebis mier<br />
miRebul masalebSi un<strong>da</strong> iyos miniSneba imis Sesaxeb, rom<br />
isini ganekuTvneba sapatento ganacxads gamogonebaze; meore<br />
– masalebSi un<strong>da</strong> iyos miTiTebuli monacemebi, romlebic<br />
uwyebas ganmcxadeblis vinaobis <strong>da</strong>dgenis an masTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
Sirebis SesaZleblobas miscems; amasTan, xelSekrulebis<br />
monawile mxares SeuZlia, rom zemoaRniSnuli orive saxis<br />
miTiTeba moiTxovos; mesame – masalebSi un<strong>da</strong> iyos warmodgenili<br />
iseTi ram, rac gamogonebis aRwerilobad SeiZleba
iqnes ganxiluli. Setanis TariRis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos moTxovnili aranairi sxva <strong>da</strong>matebiTi masala. kerZod,<br />
monawile mxares ar SeuZlia moiTxovos formulis erTi<br />
an meti muxlis warmodgena, an safasuri am TariRis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad.<br />
es moTxovnebi minimaluria <strong>da</strong> ganixileba upirobo<br />
moTxovnebad, romelTa Sesrulebac savaldebuloa Setanis<br />
TariRis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad;<br />
• erovnuli <strong>da</strong> regionaluri ganacxadebisaTvis formaluri<br />
moTxovnebis garkveuli kategoriis stan<strong>da</strong>rtebTan SesabamisobaSi<br />
moyvana PLT xelSekrulebaSi iseTi moTxovnebis<br />
SetaniT, romlebic ukavSirdeba sapatento kooperaciis<br />
xelSekrulebis (PCT) mixedviT wardgenili ganacxadebis<br />
formas, gancxadebis blankis CaTvliT, romelsac Tan un<strong>da</strong><br />
erTvodes miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom ganacxadi un<strong>da</strong> ganixilebodes<br />
erovnul ganacxa<strong>da</strong>d. amiT aRmoifxvreba an Semcirdeba<br />
proceduruli gansxvavebebi erovnul, regionalur<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento sistemebs Soris;<br />
• SeTanxmeba im stan<strong>da</strong>rtuli formis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> blankebis<br />
SemoRebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, romlebic un<strong>da</strong> aRiaros yvela<br />
monawile mxaris uwyebam;<br />
• sapatento uwyebebisaTvis rigi procedurebis gamartiveba,<br />
rac xels Seuwyobs xarjebis Semcirebas, rogorc ganmcxadeblebis,<br />
ise uwyebebisaTvisac. aseTi procedurebia, magali-<br />
Tad, savaldebulo warmomadgenelTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli gamonaklisebi,SezRudva<br />
ganmeorebiTi mtkicebulebebis wardgenis<br />
moTxovnaze, uwyebis mimarT moTxovna garkveul SemTxveveb-<br />
Si erTi sabuTis (mag. mindobilobis) miRebis <strong>da</strong>Svebaze,<br />
SezRudva adrindeli ganacxadis <strong>da</strong> misi Targmanis aslis<br />
wardgenis moTxovnaze;<br />
• formaluri moTxovnebis an vadebis <strong>da</strong>ucvelobis Sedegad<br />
39
40<br />
arsebiTi uflebebis uneblie <strong>da</strong>kargvis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis<br />
uzrunvelyofa. am mizniT PLT xelSekruleba uwyebebs<br />
avaldebulebs, ganmcxadebels an sxva <strong>da</strong>interesebul pirs<br />
acnobos vadebis amowurvis, procedurebis gagrZelebis,<br />
uflebebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>awesos SezRudvebi im<br />
formaluri xarvezebis arsebobis gamo patentis gauqmebaze<br />
an Zalis <strong>da</strong>kargvaze, romlebic ver SeamCnia uwyebam ganacxadis<br />
ganxilvis stadiaze;<br />
• ganacxadis eleqtronuli wardgenis ganxorcielebis gamartiveba.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT, <strong>da</strong>saSvebi gax<strong>da</strong> erToblivad<br />
qaRaldze warmodgenili masalebisa <strong>da</strong> eleqtronuli saxiT<br />
masalebis wardgena. xelSekruleba iTvaliswinebs, rom<br />
monawile mxareebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>Svebulia qaRaldze warmodgenili<br />
masalebis wardgenis ptraqtikis gauqmeba <strong>da</strong> 2005<br />
wlis 2 ivnisi<strong>da</strong>n mTlianad eleqtronuli gziT wardgenaze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svla. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, am TariRis Semdegac ki uwyebebi<br />
valdebulni iqnebian miiRon qaRaldze warmodgenili masalebi<br />
Setanis TariRis <strong>da</strong>dgenisa <strong>da</strong> vadis <strong>da</strong>cvis mizniT.<br />
amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gakeT<strong>da</strong> gancxadeba, rom ganviTarebuli<br />
qveynebi gaagrZeleben <strong>da</strong>xmarebis gawevas ganviTarebadi<br />
<strong>da</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>mavali ekonomikis qveynebisaTvis ganacxadis<br />
eleqtronuli wardgenis <strong>da</strong>nergvis saqmeSi.<br />
sapatento kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba (sruli<br />
teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties) <strong>da</strong>ido 2000 wlis<br />
1 ivniss. igi Riaa ismo-s wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>/an<br />
samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb parizis konvenciis mxare<br />
saxelmwifoebisaTvis, agreTve zogierTi samTavrobaTaSoriso<br />
organizaciisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi<br />
deponirebisaTvis waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.
xelSekruleba ZalaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong> 2005 wlis 28 aprils.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis PLT xelSekruleba 19 monawile<br />
mxare saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
41
sapatento kooperaciis xelSekruleba<br />
PCT (1970 w.)<br />
42<br />
sapatento kooperaciis xelSekrulebiT (PCT<br />
xelSekrulebiT) SesaZlebelia gamogonebaze sapatento <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
moTxovna erTdroulad mraval qveyanaSi “<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento<br />
ganacxadis” wardgenis safuZvelze. aseTi ganacxadi<br />
SeiZleba waradginos xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifos<br />
nebismierma moqalaqem an rezidentma. ganacxadi, Cveulebriv,<br />
SeiZleba waredginos xelSekrulebis monawile im saxelmwifos<br />
erovnul sapatento uwyebas, romlis moqalaqe an rezidenticaa<br />
ganmcxadebeli. ganmcxadebels SeuZlia, agreTve,waradginos<br />
ganacxadi ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuroSi JenevaSi.<br />
Tu ganmcxadebeli xelSekrulebis im monawile saxelmwifos<br />
moqalaqe an rezidentia, romelic evropis sapatento<br />
konvenciis, patentebisa <strong>da</strong> samrewvelo nimuSebis Sesaxeb harares<br />
oqmis, bangis SeTanxmebis, an evraziis sapatento konvenciis<br />
monawile mxarea, <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadis wardgena <strong>da</strong>saSvebia,<br />
agreTve, evropis sapatento uwyebaSi, afrikis regionalur<br />
samrewvelo sakuTrebis organizaciaSi, afrikis inteleqtualuri<br />
sakuTrebis organizaciaSi an evraziis sapatento uwyebaSi,<br />
Sesabamisad.<br />
xelSekruleba srulad aregulirebs im formalur<br />
moTxovnebs, romlebsac un<strong>da</strong> akmayofilebdes <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
ganacxadi.<br />
PCT xelSekrulebiT ganacxadis wardgena avtomaturad<br />
niSnavs yvela monawile saxelmwifos aRniSvnas.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxads yvela aRniSnul saxelmwifos<br />
sapatento uwyebaSi uSualod Setanili erovnuli ganacxadis<br />
Zala aqvs.
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxads utardeba e.w. “<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
Zieba”. igi tardeba erT-erTi mowinave sapatento uwyebis mier.<br />
Sedegebi aisaxeba “<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> Ziebis angariSSi”, romelic<br />
warmoadgens im gamoqveynebul masalebze miTiTebis CamonaTvals,<br />
romelmac SeiZleba gavlena iqonios <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganac xadSi<br />
warmodgenili gamogonebis patentunarianobaze. <strong>da</strong>matebiT<br />
formdeba winaswari werilobiTi <strong>da</strong>skvna imis Sesaxeb, savaraudod,<br />
akmayofilebs Tu ara gamogoneba patentunarianobis<br />
kriteriumebs <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> Ziebis angariSze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT.<br />
mas savaldebulo Zala ara aqvs.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> Ziebis angariSi <strong>da</strong> werilobiTi <strong>da</strong>skvna<br />
egzavneba ganmcxadebels, romelsac, miRebuli masalebis Seswavlisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sefasebis Semdeg, SeuZlia gaiwvios ganacxadi, gansakuTrebiT<br />
maSin, rodesac Ziebis angariSi an werilobiTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvna patentis gacemis mizanSeuwonlobaze miuTiTebs an<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvitos ganacxadSi gamogonebis formulis Secvla.<br />
Tuki <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadis gawveva ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra, maSin<br />
is gamoqveyndeba <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biuros mier <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
Ziebis angariSTan erTad. am dros werilobiTi <strong>da</strong>skvna ar<br />
qveyndeba.<br />
Tu ganmcxadebeli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvets gaagrZelos <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
ganacxadis ganxilvis procedurebi erovnuli an regionaluri<br />
patentis mopovebis mizniT, mas SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>elodos saprioriteto<br />
TariRi<strong>da</strong>n oc<strong>da</strong>Ti Tvis gasvlas <strong>da</strong> xelSekrulebis<br />
monawile saxelmwifoTa umetesobasTan wamoiwyos erovnuli<br />
procedurebi yovel arCeul uwyebaSi oficialur enaze ganacxadis<br />
Targmanis miwodebiT (sa<strong>da</strong>c es moiTxoveba), Sesabamisi<br />
safasuris ga<strong>da</strong>xdiTa <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi patentrwmunebulis<br />
momsaxurebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
Tu ganmcxadebels surs Seitanos cvlilebebi ganacxadSi<br />
43
44<br />
(mag., Ziebis angariSSi <strong>da</strong>pirispirebul dokumentebsa <strong>da</strong> werilobiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnaSi arsebuli Sefasebebis gaTvaliswinebiT), raTa<br />
misi potenciuri patentunarianoba gamokveTos Secvlili<br />
ganacxadis meSveobiT, SesaZlebelia nebayoflobiTi saerTa-<br />
Soriso winaswari eqspertizis gamoyeneba. winaswari eqspertizis<br />
Sedegia patentunarianobis Sesaxeb winaswari angariSi,<br />
romelic mzaddeba erT-erTi uflebamosili sapatento uwyebis<br />
mier <strong>da</strong> romelic Seicavs, kidev erTxel gancxadebuli gamogonebis<br />
Sesaxeb savaldebulo Zalis armqone pirobiT <strong>da</strong>skvnas.<br />
ganmcxadebels es angariSi aZlevs ufro mtkice safuZvlebs,<br />
romlebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiTac mas SeuZlia Seafasos patentis miRebis<br />
sakuTari Sansebi <strong>da</strong>, Tu angariSi misTvis xelsayrel<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvnebs Sicavs, ufro meti <strong>da</strong>rwmunebiT gaagrZelos saer-<br />
TaSoriso ganacxadis ganxilvis procedurebi erovnuli <strong>da</strong><br />
regionaluri uwyebebis winaSe.<br />
sapatento kooperaciis xelSekrulebis procedurebs<br />
aqvs didi upiratesoba ganmcxadeblis, sapatento uwyebebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
saerTod sazogadoebisaTvis:<br />
1. ganmcxadebels aqvs 18 Tve, e.i. ufro meti, vidre mas eqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
PCT xelSekrulebis gamoyenebis gareSe, mosafiqrebeli<br />
dro im ucxo qveynebis SesarCevad,romlebSic sapatento <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
moTxovnis survili eqneba. mas SeuZlia amave periodSi aarCios<br />
adgilobrivi patentrwmunebuli ucxoeTis yovel qveyanaSi,<br />
moamzados saWiro Targmanebi <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>ixados safasurebi;<br />
2. ganmcxadebels aqvs imis garantia, rom Tu misi saerTa-<br />
Soriso ganacxadi gaformebulia PCT xelSekrulebiT <strong>da</strong>dgenili<br />
saxiT, maSin monawile saxelmwifos sapatento uwyeba<br />
ar etyvis ganacxads uars formaluri moTxovnebis Seusruleblobis<br />
gamo, erovnul fazaze misi ganxilvisas;<br />
3. ganmcxadebels <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> Ziebisa <strong>da</strong> werilobiTi
<strong>da</strong>skvnis safuZvelze eZleva saSualeba meti saimedoobiT Seafasos<br />
gancxadebul gamogonebaze patentebis miRebis Sansebi;<br />
4. ganmcxadebels SesaZlebloba aqvs nebayoflobiTi<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> winaswari eqspertizis mimdinareobisas, Seitanos<br />
cvlilebebi <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadSi <strong>da</strong> amgvarad moaqcios<br />
igi <strong>da</strong>wesebul farglebSi, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynis sapatento<br />
uwyebebisaTvis gansaxilvelad miwodebamde;<br />
5. sapatento uwyebebis mier Casatarebeli sainformacio<br />
Zieba <strong>da</strong> eqspertizasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli samuSaoebi mniSvnelovnad<br />
SeiZleba Semcirdes an gamoiricxos kidec, im<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> Ziebis angariSis, werilobiTi <strong>da</strong>skvnisa <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, patentunarianobis <strong>da</strong>dgenasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> winaswari eqspertizis angariSis wyalobiT,<br />
romelic miewodeba erovnul an regionalur uwyebebs saerTa-<br />
Soriso ganacxadTan erTad;<br />
6. radgan <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadi qveyndeba <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
Ziebis angariSTan erTad, mesame pirebs eZlevaT ukeTesi<br />
saSualeba, raTa Camoiyalibon kargad <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli mosazreba<br />
gancxadebuli gamogonebis SesaZlo patentunarianobasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT; <strong>da</strong><br />
7. ganmcxadeblebis sasargeblod <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> gamoqveyneba<br />
mTel msoflios amcnobs maTi <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> ganacxadis<br />
arsebobas, rac aris efeqturi saSualeba reklamisa <strong>da</strong><br />
licenziis potenciuri SemZenis mosaZieblad.<br />
saboloo jamSi sapatento kooperaciis xelSekruleba:<br />
• xelmisawvdomad xdis msoflios;<br />
• axangrZlivebs <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento <strong>da</strong>cvasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
Sirebuli ZiriTadi safasurebis ga<strong>da</strong>xdis vadebs;<br />
• uzrunvelyofs mtkice safuZvels patentis gacemasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis misaRebad;<br />
45
46<br />
• gamoiyeneba msoflios wamyvani korporaciebis, kvleviTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebebisa <strong>da</strong> universitetebis mier, rodesac isini<br />
cdiloben moipovon sapatento <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
doneze.<br />
sapatento kooperaciis xelSekrulebiT Seqmnilia kavSiri<br />
Tavisi asambleiT. xelSekrulebis monawile yvela saxelmwifo<br />
asambleis wevria.<br />
asambleam <strong>da</strong>awesa specialuri saSeRavaTo saSualeba:<br />
1. im fizikuri pirebis sasargeblod, romlebic arian<br />
moqalaqeebi <strong>da</strong> cxovroben iseT saxelmwifoebSi, romelTa<br />
erovnuli Semosavali erT sul mosaxleze 3000 aSS dolarze<br />
<strong>da</strong>balia.<br />
2. ganmcxadeblebis, rogorc iuridiuli ise fizikuri<br />
pirebis sasargeblod, romlebic arian moqalaqeebi <strong>da</strong> cxovroben<br />
iseT saxelmwifoebSi, romlebic gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
organizaciis mier mikuTvnebulia naklebad ganviTarebul qveyanaTa<br />
ricxvs. SeRavaTi gulisxmobs xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
garkveuli safasurebis 75%-iT Semcirebas.<br />
sapatento kooperaciis xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiTi<br />
informacia ganTavsebulia PCT-s vebgverdze (www.wipo.<br />
int/pct/applicants.html), agreTve, PCT-s ganmcxadebelTa saxelmZRvaneloSi,<br />
romelic gamoicema ismo-s mier inglisur <strong>da</strong> frangul<br />
enebze (arsebobs agreTve Cinur, germanul <strong>da</strong> iaponurenovani<br />
gamocemebic) <strong>da</strong> PCT-s siaxleebis furcelSi, romelsac<br />
gamoscems ismo inglisur enaze.<br />
sapatento kooperaciis xelSekruleba <strong>da</strong>ido 1970 wels,<br />
Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1979 wels <strong>da</strong> Seicvala 1984 <strong>da</strong> 2001 wels (sruli<br />
teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
xelSekruleba Riaa samrewvelo sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
parizis konvenciis (1883 w.) monawile saxelmwifoebisaTvis.
atifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis sapatento kooperaciis<br />
xelSekruleba 139 monawile saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris <strong>da</strong>Slis Sedegad, saqarTvelo miiCneva<br />
PPCT-s monawiled 1991 wlis 25 dekembri<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
47
sasaqonlo niSnebis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb<br />
xelSekruleba TLT (1994 w.)<br />
48<br />
sasaqonlo niSnebis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis<br />
(TLT xelSekrulebis) mizania sasaqonlo niSnebis erovnul <strong>da</strong><br />
regionalur registraciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli procedurebis<br />
erTmaneTTan <strong>da</strong>axloeba <strong>da</strong> SesabamisobaSi moyvana. rac miiRweva<br />
am procedurebis zogierT TaviseburebaTa gamartivebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
harmonizaciiT. Sedegad, sasaqonlo niSnebis ganacxadebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sasaqonlo niSnebis registraciis administrirebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli mravalferovani samarTalwarmoeba naklebad<br />
rTuli <strong>da</strong> ufro prognozirebadi xdeba.<br />
TLT xelSekrulebis procedurebis udidesi umravlesoba<br />
exeba sasaqonlo niSnebis uwyebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul procedurebs,<br />
romlebic SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>iyos sam ZiriTad fazad: ganacxadis<br />
Setana niSnis registraciaze, reestrSi cvlilebebis Setana<br />
<strong>da</strong> registraciis moqmedebis vadis gagrZeleba. yoveli fazis<br />
Sesabamisi wesebi isea Camoyalibebuli,rom cxa<strong>da</strong>d Cans,romeli<br />
ukavSirdeba ganacxads <strong>da</strong> romeli _ specifikur moTxovnebs.<br />
pirveli fazis moTxovnebTan _ registraciaze warsadgen<br />
ganacxadTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT TLT xelSekruleba adgens ganacxadSi<br />
Sesatan im monacemTa <strong>da</strong> miTiTebebis nusxis maqsimums, romelTa<br />
ganacxadSi Setana SeuZliaT moiTxovon xelSekrulebis<br />
monawile mxareebma. es monacemebi <strong>da</strong> miTiTebebi, kerZod,<br />
Semdegia: Txovna niSnis registraciaze; saxeli <strong>da</strong> misamarTi <strong>da</strong><br />
ganmcxadebelsa <strong>da</strong> mis warmomadgenelTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sxva<br />
monacemebi; niSanTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva monacemebi niSnis<br />
gamosaxulebebis garkveuli raodenobis CaTvliT; <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
klasifikaciis (niSnebis registraciisaTvis gankuTvnili<br />
saqonlisa <strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> klasifikaciis
Sesaxeb nicis SeTanxmeba (1957w.) (ix. Sesabamisi anotacia<br />
am seriaSi)) Sesabamisad klasificirebuli saqonlisa <strong>da</strong><br />
momsaxurebis CamonaTvali; <strong>da</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT<br />
moiTxoveba, gancxadeba niSnis gamoyenebis ganzraxvis Sesaxeb.<br />
yovelma monawile mxarem un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>uSvas, rom saqoneli <strong>da</strong>/an<br />
momsaxureba ekuTvnodes <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> klasifikaciis sxva <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva klass. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>Svebuli moTxovnebi amomwuravia,<br />
monawile mxares ar SeuZlia moiTxovos, magaliTad, rom<br />
ganmcxadebelma warmoadginos savaWro reestri<strong>da</strong>n amonaweri<br />
an miTiTeba garkveuli komerciuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb, an<br />
mtkicebuleba, rom sasaqonlo niSani registrirebuli iyo<br />
sxva qveyanaSi.<br />
meore fazasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli moTxovnebi, romlebsac<br />
moicavs TLT xelSekruleba, exeba saxelis, misamarTis <strong>da</strong><br />
Tavad mflobelis cvlilebas. aqve aris, agreTve, mocemuli<br />
gamosayenebeli formaluri moTxovnebis amomwuravi CamonaTvali.<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moiTxoveba cvlilebis Setana<br />
erTze met, SesaZloa asobiT, sasaqonlo niSnis ganacxadSi an<br />
registraciaSi, sakmarisia erTi gancxadebis wardgena, Tu es<br />
cvlileba miekuTvneba yvela ragistracias an ganacxads.<br />
mesame fazis moTxovnebTan _ registraciis moqmedebis<br />
vadis gagrZelebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT TLT xelSekruleba<br />
registraciis sawyisi periodisa <strong>da</strong> registraciis moqmedebis<br />
yoveli momdevno gagrZelebisaTvis aTwlian periods adgens.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>, amisa, TLT xelSekruleba iTvaliswinebs,<br />
rom patentrwmunebuli SeiZleba iyos erTi <strong>da</strong> imave<br />
piris warmomadgeneli misi ramdenime ganacxadisa <strong>da</strong><br />
registraciisaTvis.<br />
xelSekruleba iTvaliswinebs, agreTve, rom Tu<br />
gancxadeba gakeTebulia formiT, romelic Seesabameba<br />
49
50<br />
TLT xelSekrulebaze Tan<strong>da</strong>rTuls, is un<strong>da</strong> iqnes miRebuli,<br />
Tu gamoyenebulia uwyebaSi <strong>da</strong>Svebuli ena <strong>da</strong> aranairi sxva<br />
formaloba ar un<strong>da</strong> moiTxovebodes.<br />
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom TLT xelSekruleba ar<br />
iZleva nebismieri xelmoweris <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebis, auTentifikaciis an<br />
<strong>da</strong>mowmebis moTxovnis nebas, gar<strong>da</strong> registraciaze uaris Tqmis<br />
SemTxvevisa.<br />
TLT xelSekruleba (romlis sruli versia gamoqveynebulia<br />
vebgverdze www.wipo.int/treaties) <strong>da</strong>ido 1994 wels <strong>da</strong><br />
igi Riaa ismos wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> zogierTi<br />
samTavrobaTaSoriso organizaciisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis <strong>da</strong> mierTebis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi aqtebi<br />
deponirebisaTvis waredgineba ismos generalur direqtors.<br />
xelSekruleba ZalaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong> 2005 wlis 28 aprils.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis TLT xelSekruleba 42<br />
monawile mxare saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.
singapuris xelSekruleba<br />
sasaqonlo niSnebis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb<br />
(2006 w.)<br />
sasaqonlo niSnebis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb singapuris<br />
xelSekruleba (singapuris xelSekruleba) miiRes sasaqonlo<br />
niSnebis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb ganaxlebuli xelSekrulebis<br />
miRebisadmi miZRvnil diplomatiur konferenciaze, romelic<br />
Catar<strong>da</strong> 2006 wlis 13-28 marts.<br />
singapuris xelSekrulebis mizania Tanamedrove <strong>da</strong><br />
dinamikuri <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> koncefciis Camoyalibeba sasaqonlo<br />
niSnis registraciis procedurebis harmonizaciasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. axali xelSekruleba, romelic agebulia<br />
sasaqonlo niSnebis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb 1994 wlis<br />
xelSekrulebis (TLT 1994w.) safuZvelze, ufro farTo<br />
masStabisaa <strong>da</strong> iTvaliswinebs axal miRwevebs komunikaciis<br />
teqnologiebis sferoSi.<br />
TLT 1994-sagan gansxvavebiT, singapuris xel-<br />
Sekruleba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gamoiyeneba iseTi niSnebisaTvis,<br />
romelTa registraciac SeiZleba ganxorcieldes monawile<br />
mxaris kanonmdeblobis mixedviT. Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom<br />
pirvelad xdeba aratradiciuli niSnebis pir<strong>da</strong>piri aRiareba<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> aqtiT, romelic <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia sasaqonlo<br />
niSnebis kanonmdeblobasTan. xelSekruleba exeba yvela saxis<br />
niSans, maT Soris aratradiciul xilul niSnebs, rogoricaa<br />
hologramebi, samganzomilebiani niSnebi, feri, poziciuri <strong>da</strong><br />
moZravi niSnebi, agreTve uxilav niSnebs, rogoricaa bgeriTi,<br />
ynosviTi an gemovnebiTi <strong>da</strong> SegrZnebiTi niSnebi. aseTi<br />
niSnebisaTvis instruqcia iTvaliswinebs maT wardgenas<br />
51
52<br />
ganacxadebiT, romelic SeiZleba Seicavdes aragrafikul an<br />
arafotografiul reproduqciebs.<br />
singapuris xelSekruleba monawile mxareebs utovebs<br />
uflebas, airCion komunikaciis forma <strong>da</strong> saSualeba, kerZod,<br />
miiRon Tu ara Setyobinebebi qaRaldis matareblebze,<br />
eleqtronuli saxiT <strong>da</strong> sxva saxis komunikaciebi. es aisaxeba<br />
ganacxadebis formalur moTxovnebze <strong>da</strong> iseT moTxovnebze,<br />
rogoricaa uwyebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul dokumentebze xelis<br />
mowera. es xelSekruleba ZalaSi tovebs TLT 1994-is Zalze<br />
mniSvnelovan debulebas, saxeldobr imas, rom ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
moiTxovebodes qaRaldis do kumentebze nebismieri xelmoweris<br />
auTentifikacia, sertifikacia an <strong>da</strong>mowmeba. Tumca, monawile<br />
mxareebs SeuZliaT Tavad ga<strong>da</strong>wyviton, moxdes Tu ara, <strong>da</strong><br />
rogor moxdes, eleqtronuli komunikaciebis auTentifikaciis<br />
sistemis <strong>da</strong>nergva.<br />
erT-erTi siaxle, romelsac xelSekruleba gvTavazobs,<br />
aris SeRavaTebis gaTvaliswineba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac<br />
ganmcxadebeli an mflobeli ver icavs procedurul vadebs.<br />
xelSekrulebis monawile mxareebi valdebulni arian TavianTi<br />
Sexedulebisamebr <strong>da</strong>uSvan erTi SeRavaTi mainc Semdegi<strong>da</strong>n: vadis<br />
gagrZeleba, proceduris gagrZeleba <strong>da</strong> uflebebis aRdgena,<br />
Tuki vadis <strong>da</strong>rRveva mox<strong>da</strong> SemTxveviT an, mox<strong>da</strong> saTanado<br />
Zalisxmevis gamoyenebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad.<br />
singapuris xelSekruleba moicavs debulebebs sasaqonlo<br />
niSnebis licenziebis registraciis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> awesebs<br />
maqsimalur aucilebel pirobebs licenziebis registraciis,<br />
Sesworebisa <strong>da</strong> gauqmebis moTxovnebze.<br />
singapuris xelSekrulebis sxva debulebebi (rogoricaa<br />
mravalklasian ganacxadebsa <strong>da</strong> regis traciebTan <strong>da</strong> <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
(nicis) klasi fikaciis gamoyenebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli moTxovnebi)
praqtikulad imeorebs TLT 1994-is moTxovnebs.<br />
orive xelSekruleba erTmaneTisagan <strong>da</strong>mo ukidebelia<br />
<strong>da</strong> maTi ratifikacia <strong>da</strong> maTTan mierTeba <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
xorcieldeba.<br />
singapuris xelSekruleba afuZnebs monawile mxareebis<br />
asambleas.<br />
monawile mxareebis asambleis SeqmniT ufro moqnili xdeba<br />
im administraciuli procedurebis detalebis gansazRvris<br />
meqanizmi, romlebic un<strong>da</strong> ganaxorcielon sasaqonlo niSnebis<br />
erovnulma uwyebebma. asamblea uflebamosilia Secvalos<br />
instruqciebi <strong>da</strong> tipuri <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> blankebi. mas SeuZlia<br />
mosamzadebel doneze ganixilos xelSekrulebis samomavlo<br />
ganviTarebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakiTxebic.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, diplomatiurma konferenciam miiRo<br />
sasaqonlo niSnebis kanomdeblobis Sesaxeb singapuris<br />
xelSekrulebisa <strong>da</strong> masTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli instruqciis<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi rezolucia, romelSic deklarirebulia monawile<br />
mxareebis mier xelSekrulebiT mocemuli zogierTi sakiTxis<br />
erTiani gaazreba. kerZod is, rom xelSekruleba monawile<br />
mxareebs ar avaldebulebs 1) axali tipis niSnebis<br />
registracias, an 2) ganacxadis eleqtronuli wardgenis<br />
an sxva avtomatizebuli sistemebis <strong>da</strong>nergvas. specialuri<br />
debulebebia gaTvaliswinebuli ganviTarebadi <strong>da</strong> naklebad<br />
ganviTarebuli qveynebis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi teqnikuri <strong>da</strong>xmarebis Sesaxeb,<br />
raTa maT SeZlon xelSekrulebis debulebaTa upiratesobis<br />
srulyofilad gamoyeneba. aRiarebul iqna, rom naklebad<br />
ganviTarebuli qveynebi ismo-s monawile mxareebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
teqnikuri <strong>da</strong>xmarebis upirvelesi <strong>da</strong> umTavresi mosargebleni<br />
iqnebian. momaval asambleas evaleba yovel rigiT sesiaze<br />
Tvalyuri adevnos <strong>da</strong> Seafasos <strong>da</strong>xmarebis msvleloba; amasTan,<br />
53
54<br />
gaiTvaliswinos, rom nebismieri <strong>da</strong>va, romelic xelSekrulebis<br />
interpretaciasTan an gamoyenebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT aRiZvreba,<br />
un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wydes megobrul atmosferoSi, konsultaciisa <strong>da</strong><br />
Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze ismo-s generaluri direqtoris<br />
xelSewyobiT.<br />
sasaqonlo niSnebis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb singapuris<br />
xelSekruleba (sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze www.wipo.in/<br />
treaties) Riaa xelmosawerad ismo-s wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong> zogierTi samTavrobaTaSoriso organizaciisaTvis 2007<br />
wlis 27 martamde.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi<br />
deponirebisaTvis waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
xelSekruleba ZalaSi Sedis aTi saxelmwifos an sasaqonlo<br />
niSnebis regionaluri uwyebis mqone samTavrobaTaSoriso<br />
organizaciis mier ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi<br />
aqtebis wardgeni<strong>da</strong>n sami Tvis Semdeg.
strasburgis SeTanxmeba<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento klasifikaciis Sesaxeb<br />
(1971 w.)<br />
strasburgis SeTanxmeba awesebs <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento<br />
klasifikacias, romelic arsebul teqnologiebs yofs rva<br />
ganyofilebad <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 70000 klasad. TiToeuli klasi<br />
aRiniSneba simboloTi, romelic Sedgeba arabuli cifrebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
laTinuri anbanis asoebisagan.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento klasifikaciis saTanado simboloebi<br />
mieTiTeba sapatento dokumentebze (gamoqveynebul sapatento<br />
ganacxadebsa <strong>da</strong> gacemul patentebze),romelTa yovelwliuri<br />
gamocemebis raodenoba 1000000-s aRemateba. saTanado<br />
simboloebis miniWeba xdeba erovnuli an regionaluri samrewvelo<br />
sakuTrebis uwyebis mier, romelic aqveynebs sapatento<br />
dokuments.<br />
klasifikacias uaRresad didi roli eniWeba sapatento<br />
dokumentebSi “teqnikis donis” kvlevis Catarebisas. aseTi<br />
saxis Zieba esaWiroeba patentis gamcem organoebs, potenciur<br />
gamomgoneblebs, kvleviT <strong>da</strong> sainJinro (sakonstruqtoro)<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebebs <strong>da</strong> sxva organizaciebs, romlebic teqnologiuri<br />
miRwevebis gamoyenebiT an gaumjobesebiT arian <strong>da</strong>kavebulni.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento klasifikacias iyenebs 100-<br />
ze meti saxelmwifos sapatento uwyeba, oTxi regionaluri<br />
uwyeba <strong>da</strong> sapatento kooperaciis xelSe krulebasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
Sirebuli ismo-s samdivno.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento klasifikacia ganuwyvetliv ganicdis<br />
ganaxlebas <strong>da</strong> yovel xuT weliwadSi axali re<strong>da</strong>qcia<br />
55
qveyndeba. amJamindeli merve re<strong>da</strong>qcia ZalaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong> 2006 wlis<br />
1 ianvri<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
ganaxleba xorcieldeba eqspertTa komitetis mier,<br />
romelic fuZndeba SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad. eqspertTa komitetis<br />
wevria SeTanxmebis monawile yvela saxelmwifo.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> sapatento klasifikaciis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis<br />
mixedviT iqmneba kavSiri, Tavisi asambleiT. asambleis<br />
wevria kavSiris wevri yvela saxelmwifo. asambleis erT-erTi<br />
umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa kavSiris orwliani programisa <strong>da</strong><br />
biujetis miReba.<br />
SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong>ido 1971 wels <strong>da</strong> Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1979 wels<br />
(sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
strasburgis SeTanxmeba Riaa samrewvelo sakuTrebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis parizis konvenciis (1883 w.) mxare saxelmwifoebisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis strasburgis SeTanxmeba 59<br />
mxare saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
56
haagis SeTanxmeba<br />
samrewvelo nimuSebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registraciis Sesaxeb<br />
(1925 w.)<br />
amJamad ZalaSia haagis SeTanxmebis sami: 1934, 1960 <strong>da</strong><br />
1999 wlebis aqtebi.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis mopovebis ufleba aqvs<br />
fizikur an iuridiul pirs, romelic aris moqalaqe, aqvs<br />
moqmedi samrewvelo an komerciuli sawarmo, mudmivi<br />
sacxovrebeli adgili, an 1999 wlis aqtis Tanaxmad,<br />
Cveulebrivi sacxovrebeli adgili romelime an samive aqtis<br />
monawile mxaris teritoriaze.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registracia SeiZleba regulirdebodes<br />
1934, 1960, an 1934 wlis aqtebiT an nebismieri maTi<br />
kombinaciiT imis Sesabamisad, Tu romel mxare saxelmwifosTan<br />
aqvs ganmcxadebels zemoT aRniSnuli kavSiri (SemdgomSi _<br />
“warmoSobis mxare saxelmwifo).<br />
amJamad <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis 99%-ze meti regulirdeba<br />
1999 wlis an 1960 wlis aqtebiT.<br />
1960 <strong>da</strong> 1999 wlis aqtebi<br />
samarTlebrivi <strong>da</strong>cvis sistema, romelic Seesabameba<br />
1960 an 1999 wlis aqtebs, SeiZleba gadmoices Semdegnairad:<br />
samrewvelo nimuSebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis moTxovna<br />
SeiZleba ismo-s <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> biurosagan, uSualod an<br />
warmoSobis mxare saxelmwifos samrewvelo sakuTrebis uwyebis<br />
meSveobiT, am mxare saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registracia efuZneba ganacxa ds <strong>da</strong><br />
57
58<br />
samrewvelo nimuSis erT an ramdenime fotosuraTs an<br />
sxva grafikul gamosaxulebas. ganacxadi un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes<br />
monawile mxareebis CamonaTvals, romlebzec un<strong>da</strong><br />
gavrceldes <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registracia, <strong>da</strong> nakeTobis<br />
an nakeTobebis miTiTebas, romelSi CasarTavad an romelze<br />
<strong>da</strong>satana<strong>da</strong>c aris gamiznuli samrewvelo nimuSi. <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registraciis moqmedeba SiZleba gavrceldes warmoSobis mxare<br />
saxelmwifozec, Tu am ukanasknelis kanonmdebloba sxvagvar<br />
wess ar iTvaliswinebs. ganacxadis Sedgena <strong>da</strong>saSvebia inglisur<br />
an frangul enaze.<br />
samrewvelo nimuSebis fotosuraTebi an sxva<br />
grafikuli gamosaxulebebi, miwodebuli ganmcxadeblis mier<br />
qveyndeba <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> samrewvelo nimuSebis biuletenSi,<br />
romelic gamoicema yovelTviurad CD-ROM-ze <strong>da</strong> gamoifineba<br />
internetSi. survilisamebr, ganmcxadebels SeuZlia mis mier<br />
miTiTebul mxareTa kanonmdeblobis gaTvaliswinebiT, moiTxovos<br />
gamoqveynebis ga<strong>da</strong>deba ara umetes 30 Tviani vadiT,<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registraciis TariRi<strong>da</strong>n, an, Tu moTxovnilia prioriteti,<br />
prioritetis TariRi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
<strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registracias, ganmcxadeblis mier<br />
miTiTebul SeTanxmebis TiToeuli mxare saxelmwifos<br />
teritoriaze aqvs iseTve moqmedebis Zala, rogoric uSualod<br />
erovnul uwyebaSi registracias, Tu am qveynis erovnuli<br />
kanoniT <strong>da</strong>cvis miniWebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>dgenili yvela formaluri<br />
moTxovna Seasrula ganmcxadebelma <strong>da</strong> yvela saamisod saWiro<br />
administraciuli qmedeba <strong>da</strong>asrula am saxelmwifom.<br />
ganmcxadeblis mier miTiTebuli SeTanxmebis TiToeul<br />
mxares SeuZlia uari Tqvas <strong>da</strong>cvis miniWebaze <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registraciis gamoqveynebis TariRi<strong>da</strong>n 6 Tvis, an, 1999 wlis<br />
aqtis mixedviT SesaZlo 12 Tvis va<strong>da</strong>Si. <strong>da</strong>cvis miniWebaze uari
SeiZleba efuZnebodes mxolod formaluri moTxovnebisagan<br />
gansxvavebul erovnuli kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebs <strong>da</strong><br />
administraciuli qmedebebi un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes SeTanxmebis<br />
im mxare saxelmwifos uwyebis mier, romelic uars ambobs<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis miniWebaze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis va<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvreba 5 wliT <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong><br />
registraciis TariRi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> misi gagrZeleba SesaZlebelia<br />
aranakleb: 1960 wlis aqtiT, erTxel 5 wliT, <strong>da</strong> ori aseTi<br />
periodiT 1999 wlis aqtiT.<br />
Tu SeTanxmebis mxare saxelmwifos kanoni iTvaliswinebs<br />
samrewvelo nimuSis ufro xangrZliv <strong>da</strong>cvas, <strong>da</strong>cvis va<strong>da</strong><br />
samrewvelo nimuSisaTvis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis<br />
safuZvelze am monawile mxare saxelmwifos teritoriaze<br />
SesaZlebelia gagrZeldes <strong>da</strong>cvis vadis amowurvamde.<br />
1934 wlis aqti<br />
1934 wlis aqts <strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebuli <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciis<br />
ZiriTadi gansxvaveba <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciisagan,<br />
romelic srulad an nawilobriv regulirdeba 1960 an 1999<br />
wlis aqtiT, aris Semdegi:<br />
• registracia vrceldeba avtomaturad 1934 wlis aqtis<br />
yvela mxare saxelmwifoze, gar<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifoebisa, romlebmac<br />
garkveviT Tqves uari <strong>da</strong>cvis miniWebaze.<br />
• registracia SeiZleba iyos Ria an <strong>da</strong>luquli.<br />
• gamoqveyneba ar Seicavs samrewvelo nimuSebis gamosaxulebas.<br />
is ubralod miuTiTebs nakeTobas an nakeTobebze, romlebSic<br />
CarTulia samrewvelo nimuSi.<br />
• <strong>da</strong>cvis va<strong>da</strong> 15 welia, is moicavs sawyis 5 wlian periods,<br />
romelic SeiZleba gagrZeldes momdevno 10 wliT.<br />
• ar arsebobs uaris Tqmis Setyobinebis moTxovna. registracia<br />
59
un<strong>da</strong> moxdes frangul enaze.<br />
zogadi cnobebi<br />
haagis SeTanxmebis gamomyenebelTa saqmianobis gaiolebis<br />
mizniT ismo-s samdivno aqveynebs saxelmZRvanelos samrewvelo<br />
nimuSebis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> registraciisaTvis.<br />
haagis SeTanxmeba <strong>da</strong>ido 1925 wels, ga<strong>da</strong>isinja londonSi<br />
1934 wels <strong>da</strong> haagaSi _ 1960 wels. is Seivso <strong>da</strong>matebiTi<br />
aqtiT, romelsac xeli moewera monakoSi 1961 wels <strong>da</strong><br />
Semvsebi aqtiT, romelic xelmowerilia stokholmSi 1967<br />
wels <strong>da</strong> Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1979 wels. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,<br />
Semdgomi aqti miiRes JenevaSi 1999 wels.<br />
haagis SeTanxmebiT <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong> kavSiri, romelsac 1970<br />
wli<strong>da</strong>n gaaCnia asamblea. kavSiris wevri yvela saxelmwifo,<br />
romelic miuerT<strong>da</strong> stokholmis Semvseb aqts, asambleis<br />
wevria. asambleis mniSvnelovan amocanaTa Soris aris orwliani<br />
programisa <strong>da</strong> biujetis miReba <strong>da</strong> instruqciaSi cvlilebebis<br />
Setana, haagis sistemis gamoyenebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
safasurebis <strong>da</strong>dgenis CaTvliT.<br />
SeTanxmebis 1960 wlisa <strong>da</strong> 1934 wlis aqtebi (sruli<br />
teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties) Riaa samrewvelo<br />
sakuTrebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb parizis konvenciis (1883 w.)<br />
mxare saxelmwifoebisaTvis. 1999 wlis aqti Riaa ismo-s<br />
wevri saxelmwifoebisa <strong>da</strong> zogierTi samTavrobaTaSoriso<br />
organizaciisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samar T leb rivi aqtebi deponi<br />
rebisaTvis wared gi neba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis haagis SeTanxmeba 55 monawile<br />
mxares aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>. saqarTvelo SeTanxmebas miuerT<strong>da</strong> 2003<br />
wlis 1 agvistos.<br />
60
ernis konvencia<br />
literaturuli <strong>da</strong> mxatvruli<br />
nawarmoebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb<br />
(1886 w.)<br />
konvencia eyrdnoba sam ZiriTad princips <strong>da</strong> Seicavs rig<br />
debulebebs, romlebic gansazRvravs <strong>da</strong>cvis miniWebis minimalur<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtebsa <strong>da</strong> im specialur debulebebs, romlebic gankuTvnilia<br />
ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis, Tu maT surT am debulebebiT<br />
sargebloba.<br />
(1) es sami ZiriTadi principia:<br />
a) kavSiris erT-erT qveyanaSi Seqmnil nawarmoebs (es<br />
aris nawarmoebi, romlis avtori aris kavSiris wevri qveynis<br />
moqalaqe an nawarmoebi, romelic pirvelad gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> aseT<br />
qveyanaSi) kavSiris wevr yvela sxva qveyanaSi un<strong>da</strong> hqondes ise-<br />
Tive <strong>da</strong>cva, rogorsac es qveynebi aniWeben sakuTar moqalaqeebs<br />
(“erovnuli reJimis” principi) 1 .<br />
b) nawarmoebze uflebebis warmoSoba <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli ar<br />
aris formaluri pirobebisa <strong>da</strong> procedurebis Sesrulebaze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis miniWeba xdeba avtomaturad <strong>da</strong> ar aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
registraciasTan, Sesanaxad ga<strong>da</strong>cemasa <strong>da</strong> sxva msgavs formalobebTan<br />
(“avtomaturi” <strong>da</strong>cvis principi) 2 .<br />
g) saavtoro uflebebis arseboba <strong>da</strong> maTi gamoyeneba ar<br />
1 inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis vaWrobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli aspeqtebis Sesaxeb” SeTanxmebis<br />
(TRIPS-is SeTanxmeba) Tanaxmad “erovnuli reJimis”, “avtomaturi <strong>da</strong>cvis” <strong>da</strong> “<strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblobis” principebi savaldebuloa vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis im wevri<br />
saxelmwifoebisTvisac, romlebic ar arian bernis konvenciis monawileebi. amasTan, TRIPS-<br />
SeTanxmeba awesebs savaldebulo “upiratesi xelSewyobis reJims”, romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c<br />
nebismieri SeRavaTi <strong>da</strong> upiratesoba, romelsac wevri qveyana aniWebs nebismieri sxva qveynis<br />
moqalaqeebs, <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv <strong>da</strong> upirobod vrceldeba “vmo”-s wevri yvela saxelmwifos<br />
moqalaqeebze.<br />
2 ix. 1<br />
61
aris <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli <strong>da</strong>cvis arsebobaze nawarmoebis warmoSobis<br />
qveyanaSi (“<strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis” principi) 3 . Tumca, Tu<br />
xelSekrulebis monawile romelime saxelmwifo saavtoro<br />
uflebebis moqmedebis konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul va<strong>da</strong>ze ufro<br />
xangrZliv va<strong>da</strong>s iTvaliswinebs, <strong>da</strong>cvaze SeiZleba uari iTqvas<br />
mas Semdeg, rac <strong>da</strong>cvis va<strong>da</strong> amoiwureba nawarmoebis warmoSobis<br />
qveyanaSi.<br />
(2) <strong>da</strong>cvis minimaluri stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi exeba <strong>da</strong>cul nawarmoebebs,<br />
avtoris uflebebs nawarmoebze <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis xangrZlivobas:<br />
a) saavtoro uflebebiT <strong>da</strong>cul nawarmoebebs warmoadgens<br />
nebismieri nawarmoebi literaturis, mecnierebisa <strong>da</strong> xelovnebis<br />
sferoSi, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad misi gamoxatvis xerxisa <strong>da</strong> formisa.<br />
b) garkveuli neba<strong>da</strong>rTuli <strong>da</strong>Tqmebis, SezRudvebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
gamonaklisebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sxva uflebebs Soris Semdegi<br />
gansakuTrebuli uflebebi un<strong>da</strong> iqnes aRiarebuli:<br />
• Targmnis ufleba;<br />
• nawarmoebis a<strong>da</strong>ptirebisa <strong>da</strong> musikaluri aranJirebis ufleba;<br />
• dramatuli, dramatul-musikaluri <strong>da</strong> musikaluri nawarmoebebis<br />
nebismieri saSualebiT an xerxiT sajarod Sesrulebis<br />
ufleba;<br />
• literaturis nawarmoebebis sajarod wakiTxvis ufleba;<br />
• aseTi nawarmoebebis Sesrulebis nebismieri saSualebiT an<br />
xerxiT sajaro ga<strong>da</strong>cemis ufleba;<br />
• eTeriT, an sajaro ga<strong>da</strong>cemis nebismieri sxva sadeniani Tu<br />
usadeno saSualebiT sajaro ga<strong>da</strong>cemis ufleba (sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifos SesaZlebloba eZleva,<br />
gaiTvaliswinos saTanado anazRaurebis ufleba nebarT-<br />
3 ix. 1<br />
62
vis uflebis sanacvlod);<br />
• nawarmoebis nebismieri saxiT an formiT reproducirebis<br />
ufleba (kavSiris wevr saxelmwifos ufleba aqvs kanonmdeblobiT<br />
gaiTvaliswinos nawarmoebis avtoris Tanxmobis<br />
gareSe reproducirebis SemTxvevebi im pirobiT, rom reproducireba<br />
moxdeba gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi,reproducireba<br />
ar SeuSlis xels nawarmoebis Cveulebriv (normalur)<br />
gamoyenebas <strong>da</strong> reproducireba ar Selaxavs nawrmoebis avtoris<br />
kanonier interesebs. amasTan, kavSiris wevr saxelmwifos<br />
ufleba aqvs musikaluri nawarmoebis xmovani Canaweris<br />
reproducirebis SemTxvevaSi, gaiTvaliswinos avtoris mier<br />
Sesabamisi anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba);<br />
• nawarmoebis gamoyenebis ufleba audiovizualuri nawarmoebis<br />
safuZvlad <strong>da</strong> am audiovizualuri nawarmoebis reproducirebis,<br />
gavrcelebis, sajaro Sesrulebisa <strong>da</strong> sajaro<br />
gacnobis ufleba 4 .<br />
konvencia aseve iTvaliswinebs nawarmoebis avtoris<br />
araqonebriv uflebebs, kerZod: nawarmoebis avtorobis uflebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> nawarmoebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas, rac gulisxmobs<br />
avtoris uflebas ar <strong>da</strong>uSvas nawarmoebis nebismieri gauku-<br />
RmarTeba, <strong>da</strong>nawevreba, <strong>da</strong>maxinjeba an sxvagvari cvlileba,<br />
agreTve am nawarmoebis nebismieri sxva saxiT Selaxva, ramac<br />
SesaZloa ziani miayenos avtoris Rirsebas an reputacias.<br />
g) rac Seexeba <strong>da</strong>cvis xangrZlivobas, zogadi wesis Tanaxmad,<br />
<strong>da</strong>cva grZeldeba avtoris gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebi<strong>da</strong>n aranakleb<br />
50 wlis amowurvamde, Tumca arsebobs gamonaklisebi am zogadi<br />
wesi<strong>da</strong>n. anonimuri an fsevdonimuri nawarmoebebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
4 TRIPS-is SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, gaqiravebis gansakuTrebuli ufleba un<strong>da</strong> gavrceldes<br />
kompiuterul programebsa <strong>da</strong>, gansazRvruli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, audiovizualur<br />
nawarmoebebze.<br />
63
va<strong>da</strong> iwureba 50 wlis Semdeg im momenti<strong>da</strong>n, rac nawarmoebi<br />
kanonierad gax<strong>da</strong> xelmisawvdomi sazogadoebisaTvis, gar<strong>da</strong> im<br />
SemTxvevisa, rodesac fsevdonimTan avtoris identificireba<br />
araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, an rodesac avtori Tavis vinaobas<br />
am periodSi amJRavnebs. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, zogadi wesi<br />
gamoiyeneba. audiovizualuri (kinematografiuli) nawarmoebebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>cvis minimaluri va<strong>da</strong>a 50 weli nawarmoebis sajaro<br />
gacnobi<strong>da</strong>n (“gamoSvebi<strong>da</strong>n”) an, Tu nawarmoebi ar gax<strong>da</strong><br />
sajarod xelmisawvdomi, _ nawarmoebis Seqmni<strong>da</strong>n. gamoyenebiTi<br />
xelovnebisa <strong>da</strong> fotografiuli nawarmoebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis minimaluri<br />
va<strong>da</strong>a 25 weli nawarmoebis Seqmni<strong>da</strong>n 5 .<br />
(3) ganviTarebad qveynebs,gaerTianebuli erebis generaluri<br />
asambleis mier <strong>da</strong>dgenili praqtikis Tanaxmad, Targmnis uflebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> reproducirebis uflebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT garkveuli<br />
saxis nawarmoebebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> garkveul pirobebSi SeiZleba ar<br />
Seexos <strong>da</strong>cvis zemoaRniSnuli minimaluri stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi.<br />
bernis kavSirs gaaCnia asamblea <strong>da</strong> aRmasrulebeli komiteti.<br />
asambleis wevria gaerTianebis wevri yvela is qveyana,romelic<br />
mierTebulia stokholmis aqtis administraciul <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvniT<br />
debulebebTan mainc.<br />
aRmasrulebeli komitetis wevrebis arCeva xdeba gaer-<br />
Tianebis wevrTagan. gamonaklisia Sveicaria, romelic ex officio<br />
wevria. 2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis bernis konvenciis wevri<br />
saxelmwifoebis raodenobam 164 Seadgina, aRmasrulebeli<br />
komitetis wevrTa raodenobam ki _ 40.<br />
bernis kavSiris mimarT orwliani programisa <strong>da</strong> ismo-s<br />
samdivnos biujetis <strong>da</strong>dgena asambleis funqcias warmoadgens.<br />
bernis konvencia <strong>da</strong>ido 1886 wels, ga<strong>da</strong>isinja parizSi<br />
5 TRIPS-is SeTaxmebis Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>cvis nebismieri va<strong>da</strong>, romelic ar gamoiTvleba fizikuri<br />
piris sicocxlis mixedviT, ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos 50 welze naklebi.<br />
64
1896 wels <strong>da</strong> berlinSi _ 1908 wels, <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong> bernSi 1914<br />
wels, ga<strong>da</strong>isinja romSi 1928 wels, briuselSi _ 1948 wels,<br />
stokholmSi _ 1967 wels <strong>da</strong> parizSi _ 1971 wels, xolo<br />
Seswor<strong>da</strong> 1979 wels (sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.<br />
wipo.int/treaties).<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors. 6,7<br />
saqarTvelo konvencias miuerT<strong>da</strong> 1995 wlis 16 maiss.<br />
6 un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis wevri saxelmwifoebi, Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />
isini ar iyvnen bernis konvenciis monawileebi, valdebulni arian Seasrulon bernis<br />
konvenciis materialuri nawilis normebi. vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis wevri iseTi<br />
saxelmwifoebisaTvis, romlebic ar arian bernis konvenciis monawileebi, bernis konvenciiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli araqonebrivi uflebebis Sesaxeb normebis Sesruleba savaldebulo ar<br />
aris.<br />
7 aRsaniSnavia, rom ganviTarebad qveynebs TRIPS-is SeTanxmebiT nakisri valdebulebebis<br />
Sesrulebis ga<strong>da</strong>deba SeuZliaT 2013 wlis 1 ivlisamde (m. 65).<br />
65
iuselis konvencia<br />
TanamgzavriT ga<strong>da</strong>cemuli programis<br />
matarebeli signalebis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb<br />
(1974 w.)<br />
konvenciis Tanaxmad xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifoebs<br />
evalebaT adekvaturi zomebis miReba maT teritoriaze<br />
an maTi teritorii<strong>da</strong>n TanamgzavriT ga<strong>da</strong>cemuli programis<br />
matarebeli signalis unebarTvo gavrcelebis aRsakveTad. gavrceleba<br />
unebarTvod iTvleba, rodesac masze ar aris gacemuli<br />
nebarTva im organizaciis, Cveulebriv, samauwyeblo organizaciis<br />
mier, romelic ga<strong>da</strong>wyvets, Tu risgan Sedgeba programa. zemoaRniSnuli<br />
valdebuleba exeba im organizaciebs, romlebic<br />
xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifos ekuTvnis (sruli teqsti<br />
ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
konvenciis debulebebi ar gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac<br />
signalebis gavrceleba pir<strong>da</strong>pir samauwyeblo TanamgzavriT<br />
xorcieldeba.<br />
konvencia ar iTvaliswinebs gaerTianebis, mmarTveli organos<br />
an biujetis <strong>da</strong>wesebas.<br />
konvencia Riaa yvela im saxelmwifosaTvis, romelic gaer-<br />
Tianebuli erebis, an sxva iseTi saagentoebis wevria, romlebic<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciebis sistemas miekuTvneba.<br />
ratifikaciis, miRebis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi<br />
deponirebisaTvis waredgineba gaerTianebuli erebis generalur<br />
mdivans.<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis briuselis konvencia 33<br />
monawile mxares aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
66
ismo-s xelSekruleba<br />
saavtoro uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
WCT (1996 w.)<br />
aRniSnuli xelSekruleba warmoadgens bernis konvenciis<br />
farglebSi moqmed specialur SeTanxmebas. misi monawile<br />
yvela saxelmwifo (Tun<strong>da</strong>c is ar iyos bernis konvenciis<br />
wevri) valdebulia <strong>da</strong>akmayofilos 1886 wlis literaturisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xelovnebis nawarmoebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb bernis konvenciis<br />
parizis 1971 wlis aqtis materialuri normebi.<br />
xelSekruleba <strong>da</strong>matebiT iTvaliswinebs saavtoro<br />
uflebiT ori saxis obieqtis <strong>da</strong>cvas. esenia: 1) kompiuteruli<br />
programebi, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad maTi gamosaxvis xerxisa <strong>da</strong> formisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> 2) monacemebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva masalebis (monacemTa bazebis)<br />
kompilacia nebismieri formiT, rac maTi Sinaarsis SerCevis an<br />
ganlagebis gamo warmoadgens inteleqtualuri Semoqmedebis<br />
Sedegs. (Tu monacemTa baza ar warmoadgens inteleqtualuri<br />
Semoqmedebis Sedegs, maSin is scildeba xelSekrulebis <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
farglebs).<br />
rac Seexeba avtorTa uflebebs, xelSekruleba <strong>da</strong>matebiT<br />
ganixilavs: 1) gavrcelebis uflebas; 2) gaqiravebis uflebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> 3) nawarmoebis sajaro gacnobis uflebas. TiToeuli es<br />
ufleba warmoadgens gansakuTrebul uflebas, garkveuli Sez-<br />
Rudvebisa <strong>da</strong> gamonaklisebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
gavrcelebis ufleba warmoadgens nawarmoebis originalis<br />
an aslebis sajarod xelmisawvdomobaze nebarTvis micemis<br />
uflebas sakuTrebis uflebis gayidvis an sxvagvarad ga<strong>da</strong>cemis<br />
gziT.<br />
gaqiravebis ufleba warmoadgens sami saxis nawarmoebis<br />
67
68<br />
originalis an aslebis sazogadoebisaTvis komerciuli mizniT<br />
gaqiravebaze nebarTvis micemis uflebas. es nawarmoebebia:<br />
1) kompiuteruli programebi (gar<strong>da</strong> im SemTxvevisa, rodesac<br />
kompiuteruli programa TavisTavad ar warmoadgens gaqiravebis<br />
arsebiT obieqts); 2) kinematografiuli nawarmoebebi (mxolod<br />
im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac komerciuli gaqiravebis gamo nawarmoebebis<br />
reproducireba farTod gavrcel<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> arsebiTad iqna<br />
Selaxuli reproducirebis gansakuTrebuli ufleba, 3) nawarmoebebi,<br />
romlebic materializebulia fonogramebSi, rogorc<br />
es xelSekrulebis monawile mxareebis erovnul kanonmdeblobaSia<br />
gansazRvruli (gar<strong>da</strong> im qveynebisa, sa<strong>da</strong>c aseTi gaqiravebisaTvis<br />
saTanado anazRaurebis sistema amoqmed<strong>da</strong> 1994<br />
wlis 15 aprilamde <strong>da</strong> jer kidev agrZelebs moqmedebas).<br />
sajaro gacnobis ufleba warmoadgens sajarod sadeniani<br />
an usadeno kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebiT nawarmoebis ga<strong>da</strong>cemaze<br />
nebarTvis micemis uflebas, maT Soris _ “nawarmoebebis<br />
sajarod xelmisawvdomobaze nebarTvis micemis uflebas, rodesac<br />
nebismier pirs miuwvdeba xeli nawarmoebze misTvis sasurveli<br />
adgili<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> misTvis sasurvel dros”. es ukanaskneli,<br />
kerZod, gulisxmobs interaqtiuli gziT xelmisawvdomobas, internetis<br />
saSualebiT, momxmareblis moTxovnis Sesabamisad.<br />
xelSekruleba monawile mxareebs avaldebulebs, erovnuli<br />
kanonmdeblobiT gaiTvaliswinon sanqciebi im teqnologiuri<br />
saSualebebis (mag., <strong>da</strong>Sifvris) gverdis avlis winaaRmdeg,<br />
romelic gamoiyeneba avtorebis mier uflebebiT sargeblobasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT <strong>da</strong> iseTi informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>keTebis<br />
an waSlis sawinaaRmdegod, rogoricaa nawarmoebis avtorTa<br />
identificirebis monacemebi, romlebic saWiroa maTi uflebebis<br />
(mag.,licenzirebis,honorarebis amoRebisa <strong>da</strong> ganawilebis) mar-<br />
TvisaTvis (uflebebis marTvisaTvis gankuTvnili informacia).
xelSekruleba TiToeul monawile mxares avaldebulebs<br />
iseTi samarTlebrivi RonisZiebebis gatarebas, rogoric uzrunvelyofs<br />
xelSekrulebis amoqmedebas. kerZod: monawile mxarisaTvis<br />
savaldebuloa erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT gaiTvaliswinos<br />
uflebebis ganxorcielebis efeqturi procedurebi<br />
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevis aRsakveTad.<br />
aRniSnuli procedurebi un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes saswrafo<br />
RonisZiebebis gatarebis SesaZleblobas <strong>da</strong>rRvevis aRsakveTad<br />
<strong>da</strong> RonisZiebebs, romlebic Semdgom <strong>da</strong>rRvevebs SeaCerebs.<br />
xelSekrulebis safuZvelze iqmneba monawile mxareebis<br />
asamblea, romlis mTavari amocanaa xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganviTarebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilva.<br />
asamblea xelSekrulebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT administraciuli<br />
sakiTxebis ganxilvas andobs ismo-s samdivnos.<br />
xelSekruleba Riaa ismo-sa <strong>da</strong> evrogaerTianebis wevri<br />
saxelmwifoebisaTvis. xelSekrulebis safuZvelze Camoyalibebul<br />
asambleas SeuZlia xelSekrulebaSi gasawevrianeblad sxva<br />
samTavrobaTaSoriso organizaciebsac uxmos.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
xelSekruleba <strong>da</strong>ido 1996 wlis 20 dekembers JenevaSi<br />
(sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
2009 wlis aprilis monacemebiT, ismo-s xelSekruleba<br />
71 monawile mxares aerTianebs.<br />
saqarTvelo xelSekrulebas miuerT<strong>da</strong> 2002 wlis 6<br />
marts.<br />
69
ismo-s xelSekruleba<br />
Sesrulebebisa <strong>da</strong> fonogramebis Sesaxeb<br />
WPPT (1996 w.)<br />
xelSekruleba exeba inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uflebebis<br />
mflobelTa or kategorias: 1) Semsruleblebs (msaxiobebs,<br />
momRerlebs, musikosebs <strong>da</strong> a.S.) <strong>da</strong> 2) fonogramebis<br />
mwarmoeblebs (fizikur an iuridiul pirebs, romlebic iniciativas<br />
iCenen <strong>da</strong> pasuxismgeblobas iReben xmis Canaweris<br />
fiqsaciaze).<br />
es kategoriebi erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave CarCoebSi ganixileba,<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n im uflebebis umetesoba, romlebic xelSekrulebiT<br />
miniWebuli aqvT Semsruleblebs,warmoadgens im uflebebs,romlebic<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia wmin<strong>da</strong> xmovan CanawerebTan (romlebic<br />
fonogramebis obieqts warmoadgens).<br />
rac Seexeba Semsruleblebs, xelSekruleba maT oTxi saxis<br />
qonebriv uflebas aniWebs fonogramaze <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli SesrulebebisaTvis<br />
(aq ar igulisxmeba audiovizualuri Canawerebi,<br />
magaliTad, moZravi gamosaxulebebi). esenia: 1) reproducirebis<br />
ufleba, 2) gavrcelebis ufleba, 3) gaqiravebis ufleba <strong>da</strong> 4)<br />
nawarmoebis xelmisawvdomad gaxdis ufleba. TiToeuli maTgani<br />
warmoadgens gansakuTrebul uflebas garkveuli SezRudvebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamonaklisebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
reproducirebis ufleba gulisxmobs fonogramis nebismieri<br />
saxiT an formiT pir<strong>da</strong>pir an irib reproducirebaze<br />
nebarTvis micemis uflebas.<br />
gavrcelebis ufleba gulisxmobs fonogramis originalis<br />
an aslebis sajarod xelmisawvdomobaze nebarTvis micemis<br />
uflebas sakuTrebis uflebis gayidvis an sxvagvarad<br />
70
ga<strong>da</strong>cemis gziT.<br />
gaqiravebis ufleba warmoadgens fonogramis originalis<br />
an aslebis sajarod komerciul gaqiravebaze nebarTvis micemis<br />
uflebas, rogorc es xelSekrulebis monawile mxareebis<br />
erovnul kanonmdeblobaSia gansazRvruli (gar<strong>da</strong> im qveynebisa,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c aseTi gaqiravebisaTvis saTanado anazRaurebis sistema<br />
amoqmed<strong>da</strong> 1994 wlis 15 aprilamde <strong>da</strong> jer kidev agrZelebs<br />
moqmedebas). xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis ufleba warmoadgens<br />
sadeniani an usadeno saSualebebiT im Sesrulebebisa<br />
sajarod xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofas, romlebic fonogramaze<br />
isea <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli,rom pirebs maTze xeli miuwvdebodeT<br />
maTTvis sasurveli adgili<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> maTTvis sasurvel dros.<br />
es ukanaskneli, kerZod, gulisxmobs internetis saSualebiT,<br />
momxmareblis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, interaqtiuli gziT xelmisawvdomobas.<br />
xelSekrulebiT Semsruleblebs TavianTi <strong>da</strong>ufiqsirebeli<br />
(cocxali) SesrulebisaTvis eZlevaT sami saxis qonebrivi<br />
ufleba: 1) eTerSi ga<strong>da</strong>cemis ufleba (gar<strong>da</strong> xelaxali mauwyeblobis<br />
SemTxvevisa), 2) sajarod ga<strong>da</strong>cemis ufleba (gar<strong>da</strong><br />
im SemTxvevisa, rodesac Sesruleba eTerSi ga<strong>da</strong>icema) <strong>da</strong> 3)<br />
Sesrulebis fiqsaciis ufleba.<br />
xelSekrulebiT Semsruleblebs eZlevaT,agreTve,araqonebrivi<br />
uflebebi: Semsruleblis saxiT identificirebis moTxovnis<br />
ufleba <strong>da</strong> Sesrulebis nebismieri imgvari <strong>da</strong>maxinjebis<br />
an modificirebis akrZalvis ufleba, rogorsac SeuZlia Semsruleblis<br />
reputaciis Selaxva.<br />
rac Seexeba fonogramebis mwarmoeblebs, xelSekrulebiT<br />
maT eZlevaT oTxi saxis ufleba maT fonogramebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT:<br />
1) reproducirebis ufleba; 2) gavrcelebis ufleba; 3)<br />
gaqiravebis ufleba <strong>da</strong> 4) fonogramis xelmisawvdomad gaxdomis<br />
71
72<br />
ufleba. TiToeuli maTgani warmoadgens gansakuTrebul uflebas,<br />
garkveuli SezRudvebisa <strong>da</strong> gamonaklisebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
reproducirebis ufleba warmoadgens nebismieri xerxiT<br />
an formiT fonogramis pir<strong>da</strong>pir an arapir<strong>da</strong>pir reproducirebaze<br />
nebarTvis gacemis uflebas;<br />
gavrcelebis ufleba warmoadgens fonogramis originalisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> aslebis sajarod xelmisawvdomobaze nebarTvis micemis<br />
uflebas sakuTrebis uflebis gayidvis an sxvagvarad ga<strong>da</strong>cemis<br />
gziT;<br />
gaqiravebis ufleba warmoadgens fonogramis originalisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> aslebis sajaro komerciul gaqiravebaze nebarTvis micemis<br />
uflebas, rogorc es xelSekrulebis monawile mxareebis<br />
erovnul kanonmdeblobaSia gansazRvruli (gar<strong>da</strong> im qveynebisa,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c aseTi gaqiravebisaTvis saTanado anazRaurebis sistema<br />
amoqmed<strong>da</strong> 1994 wlis 15 aprilamde <strong>da</strong> jer kidev agrZelebs<br />
moqmedebas).<br />
xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis ufleba warmoadgens<br />
sadeniani an usadeno kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebiT fonogramis<br />
sajarod xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofaze nebarTvis<br />
micemis uflebas imgvarad, rom sazogadoebis wevrebs fonogramaze<br />
xeli miuwvdebodeT maT mier SerCeuli adgili<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong><br />
maTTvis sasurvel dros. es ufleba gulisxmobs, kerZod, internetis<br />
meSveobiT, moTxovnisamebr, interaqtiuli gziT<br />
xelmisawvdomobas.<br />
rac Seexeba orives – Semsruleblebsa <strong>da</strong> fonogramis<br />
mwarmoeblebs, xelSekruleba xelSekrulebis yovel monawile<br />
qveyanas avaldebulebs,rom im pirebs,romlebic xelSekrulebis<br />
monawile sxva qveynebis moqalaqeebi arian, garkveuli SezRudvebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamonaklisebis gaTvaliswinebiT,misces SesaZlebloba,
isargeblon imave pirobebiT, romliTac sargebloben sakuTari<br />
moqalaqeebi (erovnuli reJimi).<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, xelSekruleba iTvaliswinebs SemsrulebelTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> fonogramebis mwarmoebelTa mier erTiani saTanado anazRaurebis<br />
uflebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas komerciuli mizniT<br />
gamoqveynebuli fonogramebis pir<strong>da</strong>piri an iribi gamoyenebisaTvis,<br />
eTerSi ga<strong>da</strong>cemis an sajarod gacnobisaTvis. Tumca,<br />
xelSekrulebis monawile nebismier mxares SeuZlia SezRudos<br />
an <strong>da</strong>Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, sulac gaauqmos es ufleba. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
sxva <strong>da</strong>narCen mxareebs SeuZliaT, uari Tqvan erovnuli<br />
reJimis gamoyenebaze im saxelmwifos mimarT, romelmac <strong>da</strong>Tqmis<br />
safuZvelze Tavisi kanonmdeblobiT ar gaiTvaliswina zemoT<br />
aRniSnuli ufleba (nacvalgeba).<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis va<strong>da</strong> SemsruleblebisaTvis un<strong>da</strong> Seadgendes minimum<br />
50 wels, romlis aTvlac iwyeba im wlis bolo<strong>da</strong>n, rodesac<br />
mox<strong>da</strong> Sesrulebis fonogramaze Cawera.<br />
fonogramis mwarmoeblebis uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis va<strong>da</strong><br />
un<strong>da</strong> Seadgendes aranakleb 50 wels, romlis aTvlac iwyeba<br />
im wlis bolo<strong>da</strong>n, rodesac mox<strong>da</strong> fonogramis gamocema, xolo<br />
Tu fonogramis Caweri<strong>da</strong>n 50 wlis ganmavlobaSi aseTi gamocema<br />
ar momx<strong>da</strong>ra _ im wlis bolo<strong>da</strong>n, rodesac mox<strong>da</strong> fonogramis<br />
Cawera.<br />
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis gamoyeneba<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieleba ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli raime formaluri<br />
moTxovnis Sesrulebaze.<br />
xelSekruleba monawile mxareebs avaldebulebs, erovnuli<br />
kanonmdeblobiT gaiTvaliswinon sanqciebi im teqnologiuri<br />
saSualebebis (magaliTad <strong>da</strong>Sifvris) gverdis avlis winaaRmdeg,<br />
romelic gamoiyeneba Semsruleblebisa <strong>da</strong> fonogramis<br />
mwarmoeblebis mier uflebebiT sargeblobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,<br />
73
74<br />
<strong>da</strong> iseTi informaciis ga<strong>da</strong>keTebis an waSlis sawinaaRmdegod,<br />
rogoricaa Semsruleblisa <strong>da</strong> fonogramis mwarmoeblis identificirebis<br />
monacemebi, romlebic saWiroa maTi uflebebis (mag.,<br />
licenzirebis, honorarebis amoRebis, <strong>da</strong> ganawilebis) marTvisaTvis<br />
(uflebebis marTvisaTvis gankuTvnili informacia).<br />
xelSekruleba TiToeul monawile mxares avaldebulebs<br />
iseTi samarTlebrivi RonisZiebebis gatarebas, romelic<br />
xelSekrulebis amoqmedebas uzrunvelyofs. kerZod: monawile<br />
mxarisaTvis savadebuloa, erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT gaiTvaliswinos<br />
uflebebis ganxorcielebis efeqturi procedurebi<br />
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevis aRsakveTad.<br />
aRniSnuli procedurebi un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes saswrafo<br />
RonisZiebebis gatarebis SesaZleblobas <strong>da</strong>rRvevis aRsakveTad<br />
<strong>da</strong> RonisZiebebs, romlebic Semdgom <strong>da</strong>rRvevebs SeaCerebs.<br />
xelSekruleba afuZnebs monawile mxareebis asambleas,<br />
romlis mTavari amocanaa xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganviTarebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilva. asamblea<br />
xelSekrulebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul administraciul funqciebs<br />
andobs ismo-s samdivnos.<br />
xelSekruleba Riaa ismo-s <strong>da</strong> evrogaerTianebis wevri<br />
saxelmwifoebisaTvis. xelSekrulebis ZalaSi SesvlisTanave<br />
asambleas SeuZlia ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miReba xelSekrulebaSi<br />
gasawevrianeblad sxva samTavrobaTaSoriso organizaciebis<br />
miRebis Taobaze.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba ismo-s generalur direqtors.<br />
xelSekruleba <strong>da</strong>ido 1996 wlis 20 dekembers (sruli<br />
teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis ismo-s xelSekruleba 68<br />
monawile mxares aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.
Jenevis konvencia<br />
fonogramebis unebarTvo gamravlebisagan<br />
fonogramebis mwarmoeblebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb<br />
(1971 w.)<br />
konvencia xelSekrulebis monawile yovel saxelmwifos<br />
avaldebulebs <strong>da</strong>icvas fonogramis is mwarmoebeli, romelic<br />
xelSekrulebis monawile sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqea, misi<br />
Tanxmobis gareSe fonogramis aslis <strong>da</strong>mzadebisagan, aseTi<br />
aslebis importisagan, Tu es importi xorcieldeba sajaro<br />
gavrcelebis mizniT, <strong>da</strong> am aslebis sajaro gavrcelebisagan.<br />
“fonograma” gulisxmobs mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod xmovan Canawers<br />
(is ar moicavs, magaliTad, filmebisa <strong>da</strong> videokasetebis<br />
bgeriTi Tanxlebis biliks) nebismieri formiT (diskze,<br />
lentaze <strong>da</strong> sxv.). <strong>da</strong>cva SeiZleba ganxorcieldes saavtoro<br />
uflebebis kanonis, sui generis (momijnave uflebebis) kanonis,<br />
arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis kanonis an sisxlis samar-<br />
Tlis kanonis CarCoebSi. <strong>da</strong>cvis xangrZlivoba un<strong>da</strong> ganisaz-<br />
Rvrebodes minimum 20 wliT fonogramis pirveli fiqsacii<strong>da</strong>n<br />
an pirveli gamocemi<strong>da</strong>n (erovnuli kanonebi ufro xSirad 50<br />
wels iTvaliswinebs).<br />
konvenciis samdivnos funqcias asrulebs ismo-s samdivno.<br />
konvencia ar iTvaliswinebs raime gaerTianebis, mmarTveli<br />
organos <strong>da</strong>fuZnebas, an biujetis <strong>da</strong>wesebas. konvencia<br />
Riaa yvela im saxelmwifosaTvis,romelic gaerTianebuli erebis<br />
an sxva im saagentoebis wevria, romlebic gaerTianebuli<br />
erebis organizaciebis sistemas miekuTvneba.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba gaerTianebuli erebis generalur<br />
75
mdivans (sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.wipo.int/treaties).<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis Jenevis konvencia 76 wevr<br />
saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saqarTvelo konvencias miuerT<strong>da</strong> 2002 wlis 20 maiss.<br />
76
omis konvencia<br />
SemsrulebelTa, fonogramebis mwarmoebelTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> samauwyeblo organizaciaTa uflebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb (1961 w.)<br />
konvencia uzrunvelyofs SemsrulebelTa Sesrulebebis,<br />
fonogramebis mwarmoebelTa fonogramebisa <strong>da</strong> samauwyeblo organizaciaTa<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemebis <strong>da</strong>cvas.<br />
1) Semsruleblebi (msaxiobebi, momRerlebi, musikosebi, mocekvaveebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva pirebi,romlebic literaturul an xelovnebis<br />
nawarmoebebs asruleben) <strong>da</strong>culni arian maTi nebarTvis gareSe<br />
iseTi qmedebebisagan, rogoricaa: cocxali Sesrulebis eTerSi ga<strong>da</strong>cema<br />
<strong>da</strong> sajaro gacnoba, cocxali Sesrulebis Cawera, aseTi<br />
Canaweris reproducireba,Tu Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli Cawera maTi Tanxmobis<br />
gareSe ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> an Tu reproducireba xdeba ara im mizniT,<br />
romelsac Tanxmoba iTvaliswineb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
2) fonogramebis mwarmoeblebi sargebloben maTi fonogramebis<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>pir an irib reproducirebaze nebarTvis micemis<br />
an misi akrZalvis uflebiT. romis konvenciis Tanaxmad, fonogramaSi<br />
igulisxmeba mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod Sesrulebis bgerebis<br />
an sxva bgerebis xmovani Canaweri. rodesac fonogramis komerciuli<br />
mizniT gamoqveyneba meorad gamoyenebas iwvevs (magaliTad,<br />
eTerSi ga<strong>da</strong>cemas an nebismieri formiT sajarod xelmisawvdomad<br />
gaxdomas), mosargeblis mier Semsruleblebis an fonogramebis<br />
mwarmoeblebisaTvis, an orivesaTvis, erTiani samarTliani anazRaureba<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iqnes ga<strong>da</strong>xdili. aRsaniSnavia, rom xelSekrulebis<br />
monawile saxelmwifoebs SeuZliaT ar gamoiyenon es wesi, an<br />
SezRudon misi gamoyenebis farglebi.<br />
3) samauwyeblo organizaciebi sargebloben garkveul<br />
77
78<br />
qmedebebze nebarTvis micemis an akrZalvis uflebiT. kerZod, es<br />
qmedebebia: maTi mauwyeblobebis xelaxali ga<strong>da</strong>cema, maTi mauwyeblobis<br />
Cawera, aseTi Canaweris reproducireba, maTi satelevizio<br />
mauwyeblobebis sajaro ga<strong>da</strong>cema, Tu aseTi ga<strong>da</strong>cema xorcieldeba<br />
sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebze, <strong>da</strong>swrebisaTvis safasuris<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>xdevinebiT.<br />
romis konvenciiT, erovnul kanonmdeblobebSi <strong>da</strong>saSvebia<br />
zemoaRniSnuli uflebebi<strong>da</strong>n gamonaklisebis gaTvaliswineba,<br />
rodesac saqme exeba pirad gamoyenebas, mokle nawyvetebis gamoyenebas<br />
mimdinare movlenebis reportaJi<strong>da</strong>n, samauwyeblo organizaciis<br />
mier moklevadian Caweras sakuTari saSualebebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
sakuTari mauwyeblobebisaTvis, mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod saswavlo<br />
an samecniero kvleviTi miznebiT gamoyenebas <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
SemTxvevebs,gar<strong>da</strong> iZulebiTi licenzirebisa,rac SeuTavsebelia<br />
bernis konvenciasTan, sa<strong>da</strong>c laparakia erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT<br />
gasaTvaliswinebel gamonaklisebze literaturul <strong>da</strong> mxatvrul<br />
nawarmoebebze saavtoro uflebebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT. im SemTxvevaSi,<br />
rodesac Semsrulebeli Tanxmdeba Tavisi Sesrulebis an warmodgenis<br />
vizualur an audiovizualur Caweraze, SemsrulebelTa<br />
uflebebis Sesaxeb debulebebi aRar moqmedebs.<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis xangrZlivoba un<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvros minimum 20 wliT;<br />
dro aiTvleba im wlis bolo<strong>da</strong>n, romel welsac:<br />
a) ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> Cawera _ fonogramebisa <strong>da</strong> maTSi Setanili<br />
SesrulebebisaTvis;<br />
b) adgili hqon<strong>da</strong> im Sesrulebas an warmodgenas, romelic<br />
ar iyo Setanili fonogramebSi;<br />
g) adgili hqon<strong>da</strong> mauwyeblobas _ ga<strong>da</strong>cemebisaTvis (Tumca<br />
erovnuli kanonebi ufro xSirad <strong>da</strong>cvis 50 wlian va<strong>da</strong>s iTvaliswinebs,<br />
fonogramebisa <strong>da</strong> SesrulebebisaTvis mainc).<br />
romis konvenciis administrirebaze pasuxismgebelia
ismo, Sromis <strong>saerTaSoriso</strong> organizaciasa <strong>da</strong> iuneskosTan<br />
erTad. samive organizacia ayalibebs samTavrobaTa-<br />
Soriso komitetis samdivnos, romelic xelSekrulebis<br />
monawile 12 saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebisagan<br />
Sedgeba.<br />
konvenciiT ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli gaerTianebis an biujetis<br />
<strong>da</strong>weseba. samagierod iqmneba samTavrobaTaSoriso komiteti,<br />
romelic Sedgeba xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifoebisagan<br />
<strong>da</strong> gankuTvnilia konvenciasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sakiTxis<br />
gansaxilvelad 8 .<br />
konvencia Riaa literaturuli <strong>da</strong> mxatvruli nawarmoebebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb bernis konvenciis (1886 w.) an universaluri<br />
saavtoro uflebebis konvenciis wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis.<br />
ratifikaciis an mierTebis samarTlebrivi aqtebi deponirebisaTvis<br />
waredgineba gaerTianebuli erebis generalur<br />
mdivans.<br />
saxelmwifoebs zogierTi debulebis mimarT SeuZliaT<br />
<strong>da</strong>Tqmebis gamoyeneba (sruli teqsti ix. vebgverdze: www.<br />
wipo.int/treaties).<br />
2009 wlis 15 ianvrisaTvis romis konvencia 87 wevr<br />
saxelmwifos aerTianeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saqarTvelo konvencias miuerT<strong>da</strong> 2004 wlis 14 agvistos.<br />
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