GS Toolkit_Khmer__Final.pdf - Pact Cambodia

EsVgyl;nigbdiesF 

minTTYlykkarmak;gaycMeBaH 

eTAelIemeraKeGds_ 

kBa©b;]bkrN_sMrab;skmμPaB 

ADAPTED VERSION FOR USE IN CAMBODIA

kBa¢b;]bkrN_enH )anpliteT,Igedaymankar]btßmÖ BIEpñkemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_énkariyal½y 

suxPaB rbs;TIPñak;garshrdæGaemrikedIm,Ikic©GPivDÆn_GnþrCati tamry³kic©RBmeRBogCMnYy rbs; epk GIug 

elx GPH-A-00-01-00007-00 . KMniteyabl;Edl)anelIkeT,IgenAkñúgkBa¢b;]bkrN_enHKWCa KMnit 

eyabl;rbs;Gñkeroberogb:ueNaÑH ehIyminqøúHbBa©aMgBITsSn³rbs;TIPñak;garshrdæGaemrik edIm,Ikic© 

GPivDÆn_GnþrCati b¤rdæaPi)alshrdæGaemrikeT,Iy .

esckþIEføgGMNrKuN 

kBa©b;]bkrN_enH KWCaÉksarmYyEdlRtUv)aneRCIserIs nigeFIVkarEksRmYleLIgvijBI]bkrN_mYyEdl 

edImeLIyRtUv)anerobcMeLIgsRmab;karGb;rM edaymankarcUlrYmsþIGMBIkarkat;bnßykarmak;gaykñúgRbeTs 

Ga®hVik karyl;dwg nigkarEsVgrkehtuplRbqaMgkarmak;gayTak;TgeTAnwgemeraKeGds_ ³ ]bkrN_sRmab; 

kareFIVskmμPaB ¬Kidd and Clay, 2003¦ e)aHBum

EdleyIgTTYl)anBIkarGnuvtþpÞal;. eyIgmancMNab;GarmμN_xøaMgbMputkñúgkarTTYl)annUvB½t’manRtLb; nig 

mtieyabl;eTAelI]bkrN_enH. sUmpþl;eyabl;RtLb;rbs;elak-Gñk eTAkan; info@pactworld.org 

b¤!!info@icrw.org!. 

B½t’man nigrUbPaBenAkñúg]bkrN_enH Gace)aHBum

matika 

karsVaKmn_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 1 

karENnaMGMBIkBa©b;]bkrN_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2 

eKalbMNgénkBa©b;]bkrN__ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4 

CMhan 12 kñúgkarbBaÄb;karmak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6 

rebobeRbIR)as;kBa©b;]bkrN__ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 7 

lMhat;³ rebobeRbIR)as;lMhat;TaMgenH >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8 

viFIsa®sþ nig sMPar³kBa©b;]bkrN__ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 11 

dMeNIrkarbnþ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13 

kareFIVkaredayeRbIGarmμN_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14 

dMbUnμansRmab;RKUbNþHbNþalcUlrYm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15 

CMBUk k ³ karkMNt;eQμaHbBaða 

k1> karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³rUbPaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>22 

k2> karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³skçIkmμrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>28 

k3> bTBiesaFn_rbs;eyIgEdlFøab;RtUv)aneKmak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 36 

k4> karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaykñúgbribTepSg² >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 44 

k5> etIkarmak;gaymann½ydUcemþc? ¬niymn½y¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 50 

k6> TRmg; \T§iBl nigmUlehtuénkarmak;gay ¬edImeQIbBaða¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 54 

k7> \T§iBlénkarmak;gayGMBIemeraKeGds_eTAelItYGgÁepSg²Kña >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 60 

k8> karP½yxøackarmak;gay naM[mankarqøgraldal ¬dMeNIrerOg¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>66 

k9> karEsVgrkehtuplRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay ¬Qb;-cab;epþIm sEmþgelçan¦>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>68 

k10> kareRbobeFobemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ eTAnwgCmWdéTeTot >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>72 

CMBUk x ³ karyl;dwgbEnßm nigkarbnßyPaBP½yxøac 

x1> karvaytémøcMeNHdwgGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 80 

x2> karP½yxøaccMeBaHemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>82 

x3> karP½yxøaccMeBaHTMnak;TMngFmμta >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>86 

x4> CMenOminRtwmRtUvGMBIkarcmøgemeraKeGds_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 96 

x5> cMeNHdwgGMBIkarpÞúkemeraKeGds_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>102 

]bsm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 104

matika 

CMBUk K ³ karrYmePT RkmsIlFm’ karxμaseGon nigkarsþIbenÞas 

K1> eyIgTaMgGs;KñasßitenAkñúgTUkEtmYy ¡ ¬El,gedImb¤sSI -lMhat;kMedAsac;duM¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>116 

K2> El,gsþIbenÞas - GIVEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>120 

K3> karvinicä½yeTAelItYGgÁ ¬b½NÑtYGgÁ¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>128 

K4> lMhat;bBa¢ak;GMBIKuNtémø >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>134 

K5> eynD½r nigkarmak;gay - esckþIepþIm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 140 

K6> eynD½r nigkarmak;gay - lMhat;vdþCIvit >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>144 

K7> etIRtUvbenÞasnrNacMeBaHkarnaMeGds_cUlpÞH? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 150 

K8> ebIkcMhrkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>154 

K9> karykeRsamGnam½ytamxøÜnnaM[mankarmak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>162 

K10> karyl;eXIjdMbUgGMBIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 166 

K11> karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejónkñúgbribTepSg²Kña >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>170 

K12> \T§iBlénkarmak;gayeTAelIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>176 

K13> enAeBlEdleRKOgejón nigemeraKeGds_cUlpÞH >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>182 

CMBUk X ³ karmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar nigkñúgshKmn_ 

X1> karmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar ¬k¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>190 

X2> karmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar ¬x¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>194 

X3> karmak;gayBIGñkCitxag >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 198 

X4> karKaMRTBIshKmn_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 202 

X5> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾mansiT§iEdr ¡ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 206 

X6> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA)anyUGEgVg nigmanCIvitbribUN’ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>210 

X7> karTTYlkarBüa)al >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>216 

CMBUk g ³ karedaHRsaybBaðamak;gay 

g1> yuT§saRsþsRmab;edaHRsaybBaðamak;gay>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>222 

g2> karmak;gay nigkareFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 224 

g3> karebIkcMhr - R)ab;RKYsarrbs;Gñk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>228 

g4> emeraKeGds_ nigsiT§imnusS>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>234

matika 

g5> TMnukcitþkμñúgkarTamTar[mankarRbtibtþiesμIPaBKña >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>240 

g6> karmanstiGarmμN_minTukcitþ nigPaBresIbx>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 246 

g7> karedaHRsaybBaðaFøak;Twkcitþ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>250 

g8> karksagTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>254 

g9> karedaHRsaybBaðae®sþs >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 258 

g10> hameFIVkar ¡ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>262 

g11> { hammankUn} >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 266 

CMBUk c ³ karBüa)al nigkarmak;gay 

c1> karBüa)al nigkarmak;gay ³ karviPaKbBaða >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>272 

c2> eyIgnwgminR)ab;eKeLIy >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 274 

c3> kumar karBüa)al nigkarmak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>278 

c4> karTTYlkarBüa)al >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>282 

CMBUk q ³ kumar nigkarmak;gay 

q1> karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³rUbPaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 292 

q2> ehtuGIV)anCaeyIgTukGñkdéT[enAÉeka? xøacemeraKeGds_? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 298 

q3> etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBlEdleGds_cUlpÞH? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>302 

¬karbgðajrUbPaB nigkarbegáItsac;erOg¦ 

q4> etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBlEdleGds_cUlpÞH? ¬dMeNIrerOg nigkarBiPakSa¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 304 

q5> karKUsrUbPaB nigkaredaHRsaybBaða>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>306 

q6> etIktþaGIVxøHEdlnaM[manmitþPaBl¥? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>308 

q7> ehtuGIV)anCakarmak;gaynaM[maneRKaHfñak;? ¬erOgesñha¦ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>310 

q8> lMhat;bBa¢ak;GMBIKuNtémø >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 312 

q9> GarmμN_EdlTTYl)anBIkarmak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>316 

q10> skmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gay - etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøH? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>318 

q11> karcgcaMGMBIkumarPaB >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>332 

q12> etIeyIgyl;eXIjdUcemþccMeBaHkumar? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 334 

q13> karviPaKGMBIkarmak;gaycMeBaHkumar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 340

matika 

CMBUk C ³ yuvCn nigkarmak;gay 

C1> GIVEdlRbCaCnTUeTAniyayGMBIyuvCn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>346 

C2> karviPaKGMBIkarmak;gay nigyuvCn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>350 

C3> TMnak;TMngesñha nigkarmak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 354 

C4> siT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrYmePT >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>358 

C5> karrYmePT nigkarmak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>362 

C6> karCECkGMBIbBaðaeynD½r >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>368 

C7> yuvCnpÞúkemeraKeGds_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>370 

CMBUk Q ³ kareFIVclnaeq cab;epþImCamYynwgTsSn³vis½ymYy {BiPBmYyEdlKμankarmak;gay} >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>380 

Q2> karedaHRsaybBaðaenAkñúgRkumGñkGnuvtþkargar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>382 

Q3> c,ab; b¤eKalneya)aysþIBIeGds_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>386 

Q4> karRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gayenAkñúgsßab½nrbs;eyIg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>388 

Q5> skmμPaBrbs;shKmn_RbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>392 

Q6> yuT§nakarCak;lak;RbqaMgkarmak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>398 

Q7> 10CMhaneq>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>404 

Q8> CMnajts‘Umti >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 410 

Q9> rebobRbqaMgkarniyaymak;gay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 416 

Q10> karRbqaMgkarmak;gayenAkñúgRbB½n§pSBVpSay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 418 

]bsm emeraKeGds_ (HIV) nig CMgWeGds_ (AIDS)³ B½t’manCamUldæan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>424 

2> QQR: ]bkrN_ edIm,IEsVgryl;GMBIkarcmøgemeraKeGds_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>430 

3> sMNYrEdleKEtgsYrjwkjab; GMBIemeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>432 

4> karcmøgBImþayeTAkUn (MTCT)>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>436 

5> CMgWrebg (TB)>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>442 

6> karBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit (ARV)>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>444 

7> kareFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_-karpþl;RbwkSa nigkareFVIetsþedaysμ½RKcitþ(VCT)>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>450

]bsm

karsVaKmn_ 

kBa©b;]bkrN_enH RtUv)antak;EtgeLIgsRmab;emdwknaMshKmn_ GñkGb;rMGMBIeGds_ GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

buKÁliksuxPaB RKUbeRgon buKÁlikRbB½n§pSBVpSay nigbuKÁldéTeTot EdlBak;B½n§enAkñúgvis½yeGds_kñúg 

RbeTskm

karENnaMGMBI«bkrN_ 

2 

kMNt;sMKal;Biess 

............................. 

BYkeyIg nigBYkeK 

enAkñúgkic©RbCuMerobcMEpnkarGMBICmWeGds_ 

mYyEdl´)ancUlrYm mnusSmYycMnYn)ansMedA 

ehAGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ (PLHIV) fa {GñkTaMgenaH 

bu:EnþeyIgTaMgGs;KñadwgfamnusSenAkñúgbnÞb; 

TaMgGs;suT§EtpÞúkemeraKeGds_. etIBYkeKman 

GarmμN_dUcemþc enAeBlEdlBYkeK)anB¤Bakü 

TaMgenH?®sþIpÞúkemeraKeGds_mñak; )angakmk 

CitéhIyniyayfa{etIeKehABYkeKfa CaGIV- 

PLHA? PLWHA? PLHIV? ehtuGIV)anCaman 

eQμaHTaMgGs;enH? cUreyIgQb;eRbIR)as;eQμaH 

TaMgGs;enH.} {enAkñúgsikçasalarbs;eyIg 

eyIg)angakecjBIkarniyayGMBI‘ {BYkeK} eTA 

CakarniyayGMBI {BYkeyIg} vij. TegVIEbbenH 

eFIV[briyakasmanPaBxusEbøkKñaCaxøaMg 

nigcMeBaHsikçakamvij KWeFIV[BYkeKTTYlsÁal; 

faBYkeyIgNamñak; k¾GacqøgemeraKeGds_ 

)anEdr ehIyBYkeyIgCaeRcInkMBug)armÖGMBIfa 

etIeyIgKYreTAeFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ b¤ 

minKYr b¤)armÖGMBIédKUr b¤RKYsarrbs;eyIg.l. } 

{ eyIgminRtUvsnñidæanfa GaRs½yedaymnusS 

mYycMnYnebIkcMhGMBIkarEdlBYkeKmanpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ ehIymann½yfa mnusSRKb;Kña 

déTeTot KμanpÞúkemeraKeGds_enaHeLIy. 

etI]bkrN_enHKWCaGIV? 

]bkrN_enH KWCakRmgénlMhat;Gb;rMEbbcUlrYm 

sRmab;eRbIR)as;enAkñúgkarelIkkMBs;karyl;dwg 

nigCMrujskmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gaycMeBaHemeraK 

eGds_. RKUbNþúHbNþalnwgeRCIserIslMhat;mYycMnYn 

edIm,IerobcMvKÁbNþúHbNþal sRmab;RkumeKaledA 

epSg²Kña . 

lMhat;TaMgGs;enAkñúg]bkrN_enH eRbIR)as;yuT§sa®sþ 

bNþúHbNþalEbbcUlrYmEdlepþatelIsikçakam KW 

yuT§sa®sþEdlRtUv)anksagCuMvijkarBiPakSa nig 

skmμPaBCaRkumtUc². lMhat;TaMgenaHmaneKalbMNg 

sRmbsRmYlkarBiPakSa edayebIkcMhrGMBIkar 

mak;gay EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgemeraKeGds_ nigGIV 

EdleyIgGaceFIVeTA)an edIm,ICMruj[mankarpøas;bþÚr 

\riyabf nigkarGnuvtþ . 

ehtuGIV)anCa]bkrN_enHRtUv)an 

cgRkgeLIg? 

]bkrN_enHRtUv)ancgRkg edIm,Ipþl;[GñkGnuvtþ 

kargarkñúgvis½yeGds_ nUvbNþúMÉksarGb;rMmYy Edl 

manPaBbt;Ebn edIm,IelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgpÞal;xøÜn 

rbs;BYkeK RBmTaMgCYyBYkeK[eFIVkarelIkkMBs;kar 

yl;dwgCamYyRkumnana enAkñúgshKmn_ . ]bkrN_ 

enH maneKalbMNgCYydl;RbCaCnRKb;kRmit[ 

yl;GMBIkarmak;gay dUcCa GVIeTACaGtßn½yén {kar 

mak;gay} ehtuGIV)anCabBaðaenHKWCabBaðasMxan; nig 

etIGIVxøHKWCab¤sKl;bBaða RBmTaMgcgRkgyuT§sa®sþ 

edIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg.

eKalKMnitEdlsßitenABIeRkay]bkrN_enH KWedIm,IbegáIt[mannUvlMhsuvtßiPaBmYyEdlGñkGnuvtþkargar 

eGds_ nigsmaCikshKmn_ GacCECkGMBIkarP½yxøac nigkar)armÖrbs;BYkeKcMeBaHCmWeGds_ RkelkemIl 

b¤sKl;énkarmak;gay nigplb:HBal;eTAelIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RKYsarrbs;BYkeK kumar nigshKmn_ 

BinitüemIl\riyabf nigTmøab;rbs; BYkeKkñúgkareFIVkarvinicä½y RBmTaMgcgRkgyuT§sa®sþ nigCMnaj edIm,I 

RbQmeTAnwg karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgenAtam TIkEnøg nigbribTepSg²Kña . 

etI]bkrN_enH RtUv)ancgRkg 

y:ag dUcemþc? 

]bkrN_enH RtUv)ancgRkgeLIgBIKeRmagRsavRCav 

mYyeTAelIkarmak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_ enAkñúgRbeTs 

Ga®hVik nigevotNam ¬2002-2004¦ . CaEpñk 

mYyénkarRsavRCav sikçasalafñak;CatimYyRtUv)an 

erobcMeLIgsRmab;buKÁlikGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al 

kñúgRbeTsevotNam. kñúgGMLúgeBlénsikçasala 

sikçakam)anGnuvtþsakl,glMhat;EbbcUlrYm 

GMBIkarmak;gay. lMhat;TaMgenaH KWCaeCaKC½ymYyd¾FM nig 

enAcugbBa©b;énsikçasala sikçakam)anesñIsuM[EckÉksarcmøgénlMhat;TaMgenaH. ktþaenH)annaM[man 

KMnitcgRkgCa {]bkrN_} EdlCalMhat;Gb;rMEbbcUlrYm GMBIkarmak;gay. 

kñúgry³eBlRsbKñaenHEdr ICRW )ankMBugcgRkg]bkrN_mYyGMBIkarmak;gaykñúgRbeTsGa®hVik . dUecñH 

]bkrN_ rbs;Ga®hVikRtUv)aneRbIR)as;CacMNuccab;epþImsRmab;karcgRkg]bkrN_evotNam. lMhat;enA 

kñúg]bkrN_rbs;RbeTsGa®hVik RtUv)aneFIVkarEksRmYl ehIylMhat;fμI²mYycMnYnRtUv)anplit edIm,IsRmb 

sßanPaBkñúgRbeTsevotNam. dMeNIrkarenHk¾)anbBa©ÚlkarGnuvtþsakl,glMhat;TaMgenaH CamYyRkum 

eKaledA epSg²KñapgEdr rab;bBa©ÚlemdwknaM neya)ay buKÁlikRbB½n§pSBVpSay buKÁliksuxPaB RKUbeRgon 

nigemdwknaMshKmn_ . 

3

eKalbMNgén]bkrN_ 

eKaledA 

TmøayPaBesómsat;GMBIbBaðakarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgcMeBaHemeraKeGds_ nigbegáItnUvbriyakas 

mYyEdlGñkpÞúk emeraKeGds_manGarmμN_fa BYkeKElgTTYlrgkarefáaleTas dak;[enAdac;edayELk 

nigTTYlrgkarminrab;rk . 

eKalbMNgCak;lak; 

1> CYymnusSRKb;Kña[emIleXIjGMBIvtþmanénkarmak;gay nigkarEdlkarmak;gayenHbgáPaBQWcab; 

dl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtCa {cMENkmYyénbBaða} nigtamry³karpøas;bþÚr 

\riyabf nigskmμPaBrbs;eyIg eyIgGacCYykat;bnßykarmak;gay nigdkecjnUvbnÞúkd¾FMeFgenH 

BIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigRKYsarrbs;BYkeK . 

2> eFIV[RbesIreLIgdl;CeRmA nigKuNPaBéncMeNHdwgrbs;RbCaCnGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_ edIm,I 

edaHRsaybBaðakarP½yxøac nigkaryl;xusGMBI ³ 

k¦> karcmøgemeraKeGds_tamry³karTMnak;TMngFmμta EdlminTak;TgeTAnwgpøÚvePT nig 

x¦> Gtßn½ykñúgkarEdlbuKÁlNamñak;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ¬Gacrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg nigRbkbeday 

plitPaBx pþl;»kasEdlbuKÁlRKb;rUbGacBiPakSaGMBIKuNtémøEdlCamUldæanénkarmak;gay eFIVkarRkelkemIl 

suICeRmAeTAelI\riyabf nigGarmμN_rbs;BYkeK cMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ¬CaBiess karvinicä½y nig 

karsþIbenÞas¦ RBmTaMg kareFIVxøÜnCam©as;eTAelIbNþúM eKalkarN_ KuNtémø nigbTdæanmYycMnYn . 

4> BRgwgGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_edayCYYyBYkeK[edaHRsaybBaðakareFIVeraKvinicä½yeTAelIemeraKeGds_ 

CMnHeTAelIkarmak;gayxøÜnÉg nigkarxμaseGon ksagTMnukcitþrbs;BYkeKeLIgvij nigbegáInCMnaj 

smRsbedIm,IrYmcMENkdl;skmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gay . 

5> pþl;B½t’man nigCMnajGMBIGIVEdlBak;B½n§kñúgkarEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigelIkTwkcitþRbCaCn[pþl; 

karEfTaM cMeBaHGñkdéTeTot kñúglkçN³mYyEdlRbkbedaykþIRsLaj; nigKμankarmak;gay . 

6> pþl;»kas[RbCaCnCECkGMBIrebobEdlBYkeKGacCYykat;bnßykarmak;gay nigGPivDÆyuT§sa®sþ 

Cak;EsþgedIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg . 

4

karENnaMGMBI«bkrN_ 

RkumeKaledA 

]bkrN_enH GaceRbIR)as;sRmab;CnRKb;rUb . RkumeKaledAmYycMnYn rYmman ³ 

GñkGb;rM nigGñkpþl;RbwkSaGMBIeGds_ - sMedAdl;CnTaMgLayNa Edlpþl;vKÁGb;rMsMrab;RkumshKmn_ 

b¤pþl;karRbwkSaGMBIbBaðaeGds_dl;buKÁl b¤RkumNamYy . 

RkumshKmn_ EdlGñkGb;rMGMBIeGds_eFIVkargarCamYy dUcCakøwbkñúgmUldæan Rkum®sþI RkumyuvCn .l. 

RbCaCn RKYsar kumar nigyuvCnpÞúk b¤TTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_. emeroncMnYn5 ¬CMBUk 

X/g/c/q nig C ¦edaHRsaybBaðatRmUvkarrbs;RkumTaMgenH . 

emdwknaMshKmn_ nigbuKÁlRbB½n§pSBVpSay EdlmantYnaTIGb;rMGñkdéT nigts‘UmtisRmab;skmμPaB 

RbqaMgkar mak;gay . 

RkumdéTeTot - ÉksarenHGaceFIVkarEksRmYl edIm,IeRbIR)as;enAkñúgkarbNþúHbNþalsRmab;RkumdéT 

eTot . ]> buKÁliksuxPaB RKUbeRgon .l. 

5

12 CMhan edIm,IbBaÄb;karmak;gay 

1 begáIt sμartIshKmn_ nigksag karebIkcMhr nigsuvtßiPaB edIm,ICECkGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_ 

karmak;gay karrYmePT karcak;eRKOgejón nigkarsøab; . 

2 karkMNt;eQμaHbBaða - elIkTwkcitþ[RbCaCnerobrab;GMBIrebobEdlkarmak;gayekIteLIgenAkñúgbribT 

epSg²Kña . 

3 eFIV[RbCaCnTTYlxusRtUveTAelICmWmak;gayenH - { eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtCacMENkmYyénbBaða} . 

CYyRbCaCn[BinitüemIl nigqøúHbBa©aMgeTAelIBaküsmþI \riyabf nigskmμPaBpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK 

cMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

4 CYy[RbCaCnemIleXIjGMBI\T§iBl énkarmak;gayeTAelIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RKYsar kUn nigshKmn_ 

rbs;BYkeK - rebobEdl\T§iBlTaMgenaHbgá[mankarQWcab;dl;GñkEdlTTYlrgkarmak;gay nigbgá 

karQWcab;edayRbeyaldl;GñkEdlkMBugeFIVkarmak;gay . 

5 viPaKmUlehtub¤sKl;énkarmak;gay - ]> karP½yxøac nigkaryl;xusGMBIemeraKeGs_ nigCmWeGds_ 

nigkarEktRmUv\riyabf[manPaBRtwmRtUveTAtamRkmsIlFm’ - RBmTaMgrebobEdlkarmak;gaybgá 

plb:HBal;CaBiess eTAelI®sþI kumar nigRbCaCnRkIRk . 

6 edaHRsaybBaðakarP½yxøac nigkaryl;xusGMBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_tamry³TMnak;TMngFmμtaEdlmin 

Bak;B½n§eTAnwgpøÚvePT nigGtßn½yénkarpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

7 EsVgrkehtuplRbqaMgeTAnwgkarvinicä½y nigkarsþIbenÞas EdlCasmasFatumYyenAkñúgkarmak;gay 

nigCYy[RbCaCnBiinitüemIlGMBI\riyabfpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK . 

8 ksag karebþCJacitþ edIm,Ipøas;bþÚr\riyabf nigcat;viFankarGIVmüa:geTAelIkarmak;gay . 

9 CYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_[CMnHeTAelIkarmak;gayxøÜnÉg nigksagTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg nigCMnaj edIm,I 

pþl;PaBdwknaMeTAelIskmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gay . 

10 CYysmaCikRKYsar[eronsURtGMBI\riyabf nigCMnajkñúgkarpþl;kic©KaMRT nigkarEfTaMcMeBaHGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ nigkumarpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

11 erobcMyuT§sa®sþ nigEpnkaredIm,Icat;viFankarRbqaMgkarmak;gay . 

12 cat;viFankar edIm,Ikat;bnßykarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg nigRtYtBinitüskmμPaB . 

6

ebobeRbIR)as;]bkrN_ 

rebobeRbIR)as;]bk 

kareRbIR)as;]bkrN_sRmab;karsikSaeronsURtEbbcUlrYm 

]bkrN_enH RtUv)anerobcMeLIgsRmab;karsikSaeronsURtEbbcUlrYm. eKalKMnitén]bkrN_enH KW 

edIm,ICMruj[sikçakameronsURttamry³karGnuvtþeFIVCak;Esþg dUcCa karEckrMElkGarmμN_ kar)armÖ nig 

bTBiesaFn_ karBiPakSa nigkarviPaKeTAelIbBaða karedaHRsaybBaða karerobcMEpnkar nigkarcat;viFankar 

eFIVskmμPaB . 

cUrkuMeRbIR)as;]bkrN_enH kñúglkçN³bT)azkfa. karpøas;bþÚr\riyabfCuMvijbBaðakarmak;gay minEmn 

tRmUv[RKan;Etpþl;B½t’mandl;RbCaCnbu:eNÑaHeT. TRmg;énkarpøas;bþÚrenH minGacseRmceTA)anedaykar 

cat;TuksikçakamCaGñkcUlrYmGskmμPaBsRmab;bT)azkfarbs;GñkeLIy. mnusSeyIgeronsURtRbesIrbMput 

tamry³karEsVgyl;edayxøÜneKpÞal;. 

dMeNIrkarénkarCYy[RbCaCnKiteLIgvijGMBIKMnitrbs;BYkeK RtUvmanlkçN³EbbcUlrYm EdlenaH 

KWCadMeNIrkarmYy EdlBYkeKman»kasqøúHbBa©aMg nigbeBa©jGMBIKMnit nigGarmμN_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK Eck 

rMElk nigeronsURtBImitþP½kþirbs;BYkeK RBmTaMgBiPakSa nigerobcMEpnkarCamYyGñkdéT GMBIGIVEdlBYkeK 

GaceFIVeTA)an edIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay. eKalKMniténdMeNIrkarenH KWedIm,IbegáIt[mannUvbriyakas 

mYyRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB EdlBYkeKGacsEmþgGMBIkarP½yxøac nigkar)armÖrbs;BYkeK eFIVkarBiPakSaeday 

esrIeTAelIbBaðaEdlresIb nigbBaðamYycMnYnEdleKhamXat; dUcCa bBaðakarrYmePT karsøab; RBmTaMgeFIVkar 

bMPøWnUvral;karyl;xusnana. 

CYysikçakam[e)aHCMhanBIkaryl;dwgeTACaskmμPaB 

]bkrN_enH BuMEmnerobcMeLIgedIm,Iksagkaryl;dwgbu:eNÑaHeT bu:Enþ]bkrN_enHk¾maneKalbMNg 

CYydl;buKÁliksuxPaB[e)aHCMhaneq

ebobeRbIR)as;]bkrN_ 

cab;epþImCamYyxøÜnGñk 

muneBlGñkBüayamGb;rMGñkdéT CadMbUgGñkKYreRbIR)as;]bkrN_enH edIm,IqøúHbBa©aMgeTAelI\riyabf KuNtémø 

Pasa nigkarRbRBwtþpÞal;xøÜnrbs;GñkcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Camunsin. 

eRCIserIsemeronedIm,IbegáItkmμviFIbNþúHbNþalrbs;GñkpÞal; 

]bkrN_enH BuMEmnCakBa©b;bTdæansRmab;vKÁbNþúHbNþal b¤kmμviFINaEtmYyenaHeT. eyIgminrMBwg[Gñk 

Gnuvtþkargarrbs;GñkedayeRbIR)as;emeronTaMgGs;enaHeT. cUreRCIserIseRbIR)as;emeronTaMgGs;enaH eTA 

tamPaBsmRsb. cUreRCIserIslMhat;TaMgLayNaEdlsmRsbsRmab;RkumeKaledA nigtRmUvkarrbs; 

Gñk edIm,IerobcMbegáItCakmμviFIbNþúHbNþalpÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk. 

bRBa¢abkaryl;dwgGMBIkarmak;gayeTAkñúgskmμPaBGb;rMGMBIeGds_déTeTot 

]bkrN_enH epþatEtmüa:geTAelIkarmak;gay dUecñHsikçasalaGacRtUv)anerobcMeLIgsRmab;EtRbFanbT 

mYyenHbu:eNÑaH. bu:Enþ eyIgk¾sUmelIkTwkcitþGñk[eFIVsmahrNkmμvKÁTaMgenH eTAkñúgskmμPaBGb;rMGMBI 

eGds_déTeTot. eKalbMNgénkareFIVsmahrNkmμenH KWedIm,I { b®Ba¢ab } karmak;gay edIm,IeFIV[kareFIV 

smahrNkmμenHkøayCaEpñkmYyeTogTat;énral;skmμPaBGb;rM sRmab;GñkGb;rMGMBIeGds_ nigshKmn_. 

8

lMhat;-rebobeRbIR)as;lMhat; 

]bkrN_enH rYmmanlMhat;bNþúHbNþalmYycMnYn ehIykñúglMhat;nimYy²rYmmanEpnkarlMGitsRmab;kar 

bNþúHbNþal. EpnkarenaH pþl;nUvkarBN’naCaCMhan² GMBIrebobsRmbsRmYlvKÁnimYy². EpnkarenaH 

Edr k¾nwgCYyGñkGnuvtþdMeNIrkarlMhat;bNþúHbNþalnimYy²pgEdr . 

EpnkarsRmab;vKÁnimYy²RtUv)anEbgEckdUcxageRkam ³ 

GñksRmbsRmYl³ CakMNt;sMKal;segçbsRmab;GñkbNþúHbNþal GMBIsar³sMxan;énlMhat;bNþúHbNþal 

b¤ dMbUnμanbEnßmGMBIrebobGnuvtþlMhat; . 

eKalbMNg³ KWCaGIVEdlsikçakam nwgecH b¤GaceFIV)anenAeBlcugbBa©b;énvKÁ . 

eBlevla³ 

smÖar ³ 

CMhan ³ 

Cakar)a:n;RbmaNeBlevlasRmab;karGnuvtþlMhat;. enHRKan;EtCakar)a:n;RbmaN 

bu:eNÑaH ehIyeBlevlaCak;Esþg nwgERbRbYleTAtamTMhMRkum. RkumFM nwgtRmUv[ 

eRbIR)as;eBlevla eRcInCag ¬CaBiess sRmab;karpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb;¦ . 

CakarsEmþgtYGgÁ karniTanerOg rUbPaB .l. EdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as;kñúgGMLúgeBlén 

vKÁbNþúHbNþal. eyIgsnñidæanfa smÖar³bNþúHbNþalCamUldæanrYmman pÞaMgRkdasFM 

hVWt nigsát; EdlsmÖar³TaMgGs;enH suT§swgCasmÖar³EdlmanRsab; . 

rYmman skmμPaBeronsURt b¤viFIsa®sþbNþúHbNþal EdlBak;B½n§enAkñúglMhat; nigRtUv 

)anBN’naCaCMhan² RBmTaMgmatikaénkarbNþúHbNþal . 

{CMhan} KWCasmasFatusñÚlénEpnkarsRmab;vKÁnimYy² . EpñkenHrYmmanB½t’manGMBI ³ 

GnuRbFanbT ³ KWCaGnuRbFanbTTaMgLayNa EdlRtUv)anRKbdNþb;enAkñúgvKÁ . 

viFIsa®sþ ³ 

KWCakarBiPakSa karRbmUlpþúMKMnitEdltRmUv[sikçakameFIVdMeNIrCargVg; nigpþl;KMnit 

eTAelIRbFanbTepSg²Kña b½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnit karsEmþgtYGgÁ karbBaÄb;-karcab;epþIm 

sEmþgelçan krNIsikSa karBiPakSaeTAelIrUbPaB .l. 

Rkum ³ RkumFM b¤RkumtUc - karpþl;mtieyabl;GMBITMhMRkum nigParkic© . 

sMnYr ³ 

sMnYrCak;lak;EdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as; edIm,IdwknaMkarBiPakSa - sMnYrEdlsresrCaGkSr 

eRTt. 

cemøIyeqøIytb ³ Ca]TahrN_énkareqøIytbCak;lak;mYycMnYn EdlRtUv)anbgðajenAkñúgRbGb; . cMNuc 

TaMgenHRKan;EtCa]TahrN_bu:eNÑaH ehIyBuMmanesckþIfaCalT§pltRmUveLIy . 

9

lMhat;-rebobeRbIR)as;lMhat; 

karpþl;r)aykarN_ 

RtLb;³ KWCanItiviFIkñúgkaresñIsuM[Rkumpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb;bnÞab;BIkarBiPakSa . 

dMeNIrkarbnþ³ KWCasMnYr nigkarBiPakSabEnßmEdlRtUv)aneFIVeLIgbnÞab;BIkarpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb; 

edIm,ICYyeFIV[karyl;dwgmanlkçN³suICeRmA nigP¢ab;karsikSaeronsURtfμIeTAnwg 

bribTpÞal;xøÜnrbs;sikçakam . 

segçb³ KWCacMNucTaMgLayNa EdlRtUvsgát;Fn;enAkñúgkareFIVesckþIsegçbmYynacugbBa©b; 

énvKÁ . 

10

viFIsa®sþ nigsmÖar³]bkrN_ 

]bkrN_enHeRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþ nigsmÖar³bNþúHbNþalEbbcUlrYmCaeRcIn . 

karBiPakSa 

KWCaviFIsa®sþsñÚl EdlsMedAcMeBaHskmμPaBEdlsikçakamqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK 

EckrMElkbTBiesaFn_TaMgenaHCamYyGñkdéT viPaKbBaða nigerobcMeFIVEpnkarskmμPaBCamYyKña. RKb; 

vKÁTaMgGs;RtUv)an ksageLIgCuMvijkarBiPakSa . 

bTbgðaj 

RtUv)anrkSakñúgkRmitGb,brima nigRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,IsegçbxøwmsarvKÁ b¤Bnül;GMBItfPaBkarBit 

Cak;EsþgmYycMnYnénemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_ EdlsikçakammankarPan;RcLMbu:eNÑaH . 

RkumtUc 

RtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,IBRgIkkarcUlrYmCaGtib,rimakñúgkarBiPakSa . sikçakammYycMnYnmanGarmμN_xμaseGon 

kñúgkarbeBa©jmtieyabl;enAkñúgRkumFM bu:EnþBYkeKmanPaBgayRsYlkñúgkarbeBa©jmtieyabl;CagenA 

kñúgRkumtUc . RkumtUck¾GaceRbIR)as;sRmab;kardak;kargarCaRkum edaytRmUv[RkumepSg²KñaGnuvtþ 

kargareTAelIRbFanbTxus²Kña . 

kareFIVkargarCaKU 

(BUZZ GROUPS) KWCaRkumEdlmanmnusSBIrnak;GgÁúyEk,rKña nigRKUbNþúHbNþalmñak;CaGñkedIrcUlrYm 

CYybMpus . RkumEbbenHCYy[mankarcUlrYmPøam² . vaBMuEmnCakargayRsYlkñúgkaresomsat;minniyay 

sþIenaHeT enAeBlEdlsikçakamsßitenAkñúgRkumEdlmansmaCikEtBIrnak;enaH¡ 

karpþl;r)aykarN_Rtlb; 

RtUv)aneRbIR)as; edIm,IRbmUlKMnitbnÞab;BIkarBiPakSaRkumtUc b¤karBiPakSaCaKU. CaerOy² eyIgeRbIR)as; 

karpþl;r)aykarN_ {CargVg;} mann½yfa RkumnimYy²EdlenACuMvijrgVg; RtUvpþl;cMNucmYyfμI EdlxusEbøk 

BIcMNucEdlRkummun²)anelIkeLIg. TegVIEbbenH Fanafa RKb;RkumTaMgGs;man»kaskñúgkarpþl;viPaKTan 

edayesμIPaBKña . 

b½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnit 

KWCaviFImYyd¾qab;rh½sedIm,ITTYl)anKMnit nigCMrujkarcUlrYmBIGñkRKb;Kña. sikçakamRtUveFIVkarEtmñak;Ég 

b¤CaKU edIm,IsresrnUvcMNucmYyenAelIsnøwkb½NÑnimYy² nigbitb½NÑTaMgenaHenAelICBa¢aMg EdlenHKWCa 

11

viFIsa®sþ nigsmÖar³]bkrN_ 

skmμPaBRbmUlpþúMKMnity:agqab;rh½s. enAeBlEdlsikçakamRKb;rUb)anGnuvtþskmμPaBenHrYcral; eyIg 

RtUverobcMb½NÑTaMgenH eTAtamRbePT RBmTaMgeFIVkarBiPakSaeTAelIxøwmsarKMnitenAkñúgsnøwkb½NÑnimYy² . 

karRbmUlpþúMKMnitEdltRmUv[sikçakameFIVclnaCargVg; 

KWCaTRmg;mYyeTot énkarRbmUlpþúMKMnitEdleFIVeLIgenAkñúgRkumtUc² . mann½yfa sikçakamRtUvbMEbk 

CaRkum ehIyRkumnimYy²RtUv)anpþl;CUnnUvRbFanbTmYy edIm,IeFIVkarcab;epþImRbmUlpþúMKMnit . RkumnimYy² 

sresrKMniteyabl;rbs;xøÜnGMBIRbFanbTenaH enAelIpÞaMgRkdasFM ehIyBIr b¤bInaTIeRkay mkBYkeKRtUv 

eFIVclnaCargVg;eq

dMeNIrkarbnþ 

dMeNIrkarbnþ KWCasmasFatumYykñúgcMeNamsmasFatunana EdlsMxan;bMputénkarbNþúHbNþalGMBIkar 

RbqaMgkarmak;gay. RbsinebIeKalbMNgrbs;eyIg KWedIm,IelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgGMBIrebobEdleyIgGac 

pøas;bþÚrkarmak;gayeTAelIemeraKeGds_ enaHeyIgRtUvP¢ab;karelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgeTAnwgskmμPaB nigkar 

pøas;bþÚrkarRbRBwtþ . 

dMeNIrkarbnþ KWCaviFImYyénviFICaeRcIn EdleyIgGacCYyeFIV[sikçakampøas;bþÚrBIkaryl;dwgGMBIbBaða eTACa 

kareFIVEpnkarskmμPaBmYycMnYn . 

kñúgGMLúgeBlénsikçasala GacmanRbePTskmμPaBCaeRcInepSg²Kña dUcCa karsEmþgtYGgÁ b½NÑRbmUlpþúM 

KMnit karBiPakSaCaRkumtUc².l. RbsinebIminmankarGnuvtþdMeNIrkarbnþénskmμPaBTaMgenHeT nwgBuMman 

karTTYlsÁal;eTAelIkareronsURtEdlTTYl)anBIskmμPaBTaMgenaHeLIy. dMeNIrkarbnþCYy[eyIgEckrMElk 

GIVEdleyIg)aneronsURt edIm,IBRgwgcMeNHdwgfμI² nigemIleXIjGMBIGtßn½yéncMeNHdwgfμI²TaMgenHsRmab; 

eBlGnaKt. KWtamry³dMeNIrkarbnþenH ehIyEdleyIgcab;epþImemIleXIjGMBItRmUvkar[mankarpøas;bþÚr 

karRbRBwtþTaMgkRmitbuKÁl nigkRmitshKmn_. 

dMeNIrkarbnþk¾P¢ab;skmμPaBrbs;sikçasala eTAnwgBiPBBitR)akdEdlenAeRkAsikçasalapgEdr . 

kñúgnamCaRKUbNþúHbNþalmYyrUb mansMnYrKnøwHmYycMnYnEdlGñksYreTAkan;Rkum edIm,ICYyBYkeK[eFIVkarviPaK 

B½t’manbEnßmeTot. CaFmμta sMnYrTaMgenHEtgsaksYrbnÞab;BIskmμPaBmYyRtUv)anbBa©b; dUcCa karsEmþg 

tYGgÁ b¤b½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnit ¬bnÞab;BIb½NÑTaMgenaHRtUv)anerobcMeTAtamRbePTrbs;va¦ . 

dMeNIrkarbnþGacGnuvtþeTAtamkRmgCMhanmYycMnYn ³ 

1> esñI[sikçakamqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIGIVEdlBYkeKeTIb)aneFIV b¤eTIb)aneXIj . 

]> etIGñk)aneXIjGIVxøH? etImanerOgGIVekIteLIg? etIGñkyl;eXIjdUcemþcGMBIGIVEdlGñk)aneXIjenaH? 

2> dkRsg;RbFanbTcm,g² b¤cMNucEdlmansar³sMxan;bMput . 

]> etIGñkKitfa GIVxøHCacMNucEdlsMxan;bMputenARtg;enH? etIGIVxøHCaRbFanbTKnøwHEdl)anelIkeLIg? 

3> CYykMNt;rkkarsikSaeronsURtsMxan;² . 

]> etIeyIg)aneronsURtGIVxøHBIemeronenH? etIGIVEdleyIg)aneronsURtR)ab;[eyIgdwgGMBIGIVxøH? 

4> P¢ab;emeroneTAnwgBiPBxageRkA . 

]> etIemeronenHGacykeTAGnuvtþenAkñúgshKmn_¼RKYsar¼kEnøgkargarrbs;Gñky:agdUcemþ etIemeron 

enHmanTMnak;TMng eTAnwgsßanPaBBitR)akdenATIenaHy:agdUcemþc? 

5> CMrujsikçakam[eFIVskmμPaB . 

]> etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøHedIm,Ipøas;bþÚr\riyabfmak;gayTaMgenH? etIGIVxøHEdlGacCadMeNaHRsay 

sRmab;bBaðaenH? 

13

kareFIVkargarCamYyGarmμN_ 

14 

lMhat;CaeRcInenAkñúg]bkrN_enH Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkareFIVkargarCamYyGarmμN_. sikçakamRtUv)anesñIsuM[ 

sEmþgGMBIGarmμN_ EdlsßitenABIeRkay\riyabfrbs;BYkeK. ]TahrN_mYyénskmμPaBenH KWCalMhat; 

qøúHbBa©aMgGMBIkarmak;gay ¬k3¦. enAkñúglMhat;enH sikçakamRtUv)anesñIsuM[qøúHbBa©aMgGMBIbTBiesaFn_pÞal; 

xøÜnrbs;BYkeK EdlFøab;TTYlrgkarmak;gay. TegVIEbbenH naM[manGarmμN_xøaMkøamYycMnYn. GarmμN_TaMgenH 

CYy[sikçakamemIleXIjGMBITMhMkarQWcab;énkarmak;gay bu:EnþGñkRtUveRtomxøÜnrYcCaeRsc edIm,IedaHRsay 

eTAnwgGarmμN_Edlsikçakam)anbeBa©j . 

kñúgnamCaRKUbNþúHbNþal caM)ac;RtUvbegIát[mannUvbriyakasmYyRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB nigKμankarKMram 

kMEhg EdlGarmμN_ nigkarP½yxøacGacRtUv)anelIkykmkBiPakSa nigeFIVkarEsVgyl;bEnßmedaycMhr. 

dMbUnμanxageRkamGacCYy ³ 

erobcM[mannUvvin½yCamUldæan nigkarrMBwgTukmYycMnYn CuMvijkarrkSakarsmat; nigkarsþab;. 

yl;dwgGMBIGarmμN_ nigkarP½yxøacpÞal;xøÜnrbs;GñkGMBIRbFanbT EdlGñknwgRtUvRKbdNþb;. cMNucenH 

nwgCYyGñk[manGarmμN_kan;EtRbkbedayTMnukcitþkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarGnuvtþlMhat;. sakl,gGnuvtþ 

lMhat;edayxøÜnGñkpÞal;Camun. 

sikçakamTMngnwgTukcitþGñk RbsinebIGñkGacEckrMElkGarmμN_rbs;GñkedaycMhr nigtamry³TegVIEbbenH 

Gñkk¾GaceFIVkardwknaMBYkeKedaypþl;Ca]TahrN_Rsab;. 

pþl;eBlevlaRKb;RKan;sRmab;sikçakamEckrMElkGarmμN_rbs;BYkeK nigCYy[RkumbegáItnUvbriyakas 

mYy EdleFIV[sikçakamdwgfa GIVEdlBYkeKEckrMElknwgRtUv)ansþab;B¤TaMgGs;Kña. 

pþl; {eBlevlaQb;sMrak} dl;sikçakam RbsinebIBYkeKRtUvkarsMrak . 

cgcaMfa KμankarbeBa©jGarmμN_NamYyEdlxusenaHeT bu:Enþk¾RtUvcgcaMpgEdrfa sikçakamxøHGacBi)ak 

TTYlykGarmμN_Cak;lak;mYycMnYn. 

GarmμN_ KWCa]bkrN_mYyEdlman\T§iBld¾xøaMgkøa. dUecñH cUreRbIR)as;GarmμN_TaMgenaHCamYyRkum edIm,I 

begáItCasac;erOgelçan nigkarsEmþgtYGgÁ ksagbEnßmeTAelIsac;erOg nigeRbIR)as;elçan nigsac;erOg 

TaMgenaH Ca]TahrN_sRmab;eBlGnaKt. 

RtUvdwgfa sikçakammYycMnYnGacmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤)armÖGMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK. sikçakamCaeRcInGacCa 

BuMTan;)aneFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_enAeLIy dUecñH skmμPaBmYycMnYnGacnaM[mankareqøIytbEdl 

manlkçN³resIbEpñkGarmμN_BIsikçakam. 

cUrcgcaMfa GñkminRtUveFIVlMhat;TaMgLayNa EdlbNþal[GñkmanGarmμN_minRsNukkñúgxøÜnenaHeT.

dMbUnμansRmab;GñkbNþúHbNþalEbbcUlrYm 

RtUveRtomlkçN³sm,tþi[)anl¥ 

erobcMEpnkarbeRgonsRmab;vKÁnimYy²muneBlbNþúHbNþal edIm,I[GñkmankareRtomlkçN³l¥ . 

yksmÖar³TaMgGs;mkCamYy dUcCa ]bkrN_ Éksaremeron pÞaMgRkdasFM hVWt b½NÑ sát; . 

mkdl;kEnøgbeRgonmunem:ag edIm,I[Gñk)aneRtomlkçN³sVaKmn_sikçakamenAeBlEdlBYkeKmkdl;. 

erobcMbnÞb;eron 

yktuecj edIm,IeFIV[TIFøabnÞb; {GacGnuvtþkarbNþúHbNþal)angayRsYl} nigeFIV[karbNþúHbNþal 

manlkçN³ minsUvpøÚvkar . 

erobcMTIFøasRmab;RbCuMkñúgTRmg;CaBak;kNþalrgVg; . RtUvBinitüfa sikçakamRKb;rUbGacemIleXIjpÞaMg 

RkdasFM . 

vKÁmYycMnYnEdltRmUv[GñkeFIVkarEckrMElk GacerobcMeFIVeLIgedayGgÁúyenAkñúgrgVg;mYyCuMvij . 

bitpÞaMgRkdasFMenAelICBa¢aMgxagmux . 

erobcMtumYydac;edayELksRmab;Tukdak; hVWt sát; Éksaremeron b½NÑ .l. 

eFIV[sikçakammanGarmμN_gayRsYl 

elgEl,gkMsanþ nigeFIV[sikçakammanGarmμN_FUrRsalenAeBlcab;epþImsikçasala . 

BüayamcgcaMeQμaHsikçakam R)aRs½yTak;TgtamEbbminpøÚvkar eRbIR)as;El,gkMsanþ cMerog b¤kar 

GnuvtþkargarCaKU . 

EsVgyl;GMBItRmUvkareronsURtBitR)akdrbs;sikçakam 

etIBYkeKRtUvkarcg;dwg b¤eFIVGIVBitR)akd? 

etIBYkeKRbQmeTAnwgbBaðaGIVxøHenAkñúgkargarrbs;BYkeK? 

etIman\riyabf b¤cMeNHdwgfμI²GIVxøH EdlBitCanwgGacnaM[manPaBxusEbøkKñamYycMeBaHkargarrbs; 

BYkeK? 

sYrsMnYr nigdwknaMkarBiPakSa 

cUrsYrsMnYr[)anc,as;las; samBaØ nigebIkcMhr EdlGnuBaØat[sikçakampþl;mtieyabl;rbs;BYkeK . 

CMruj[mankarrYmviPaKTan . cUreRbIR)as;kayvikarrbs;Gñk edIm,IelIkTwkcitþdl;sikçakam . 

15


16 

rg;caMcemøIyeqøIytb . pþl;eBlevla[sikçakamKit nigpþl;cemøIy . 

elIkTwkcitþsikçakamRKb;rUb[eFIVkarCECk . kareFIVkargarCaKUCYy[sikçakamRKb;rUbman»kasCECkKña . 

cUrbnþsYrsMnYrfa {etImansikçakamNaxøHeTot Edlcg;bEnßmeTAelIcMNucenaH ? } 

RbsinebIBuMmankareqøIytb cUrsYrsMnYrdEdleLIgvijkñúglkçN³mYyEbbepSgeTot . 

RtUvbgðajfa GñkkMBugsþab; nigcab;GarmμN_eTAelIGIVEdlsikçakamkMBugniyay . 

cUrpþl;karsresIreTAelIkareqøIytb edIm,IelIkTwkcitþ[mankarcUlrYm . 

niyaycemøIyeqøIytbeLIgvij kñúglkçN³mYyEbbepSgeTot edIm,IBinitüfa Gñk nigsikçakamdéTeTot 

yl;GMBIcemøIyeqøIytbTaMgenaH . 

eFIVkarcg¥úlbgðajeLIgvij edIm,ITak;TajkarcUlrYmBIsikçakamdéT dUcCa {Kat;niyayfa>>>> etIGñk 

déTeTotyl; dUcemþcEdr? } 

segçbeLIgvij nigRtYtBinitüeTAelIkarÉkPaBCarYm muneBlbnþeTAsMnYr b¤RbFanbTbnÞab; . 

eRbIR)as;RkumtUc edIm,IksagkarcUlrYm 

Bnül;[)anc,as;las;GMBIParkic©rbs;Rkum eBlevla nigviFIsa®sþpþl;r)aykarN_ . 

RbsinebIParkic©manlkçN³Bi)ak cUrsresrkarBnül;TaMgenaHenAelIpÞaMgRkdasFM edIm,I[sikçakam 

RKb;rUbyl;c,as; . 

pøas;bþÚrTMhMRkumsRmab;vKÁsikSaepSg²Kña dUcCa kareFIVkargarCaKU CaRkummansmaCik3nak; 4nak; 

nig5nak; . 

bnþpøas;bþÚrRkumedIm,I[sikçakamman»kaseFIVkargarCamYysikçakamepSgeTot . 

enAeBlEdlsikçakambMEbkCaRkum cUreFIVdMeNIrCuMvijRkum edIm,IRtYtBinitüfa BYkeKyl;GMBIParkic©Edl 

RtUvGnuvtþ . 

cUreRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþénkarpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb; {CargVg;} edIm,IeFIV[karpþl;r)aykarN_manlkçN³ 

kan;EtKYr[cab;GarmμN_ nigRbkbedayRbsiT§ipl. 

karbgðajRtUvxøI ehIysamBaØ 

pþl;bTbgðajEteBlNaEdlGñkR)akdfa sikçakammindwgGMBIRbFanbTrbs;Gñk . 

sresrcMNucsMxan;²rbs;GñkCaBaküKnøwHenAelIpÞaMgRkdasFM bnÞab;mkcUrBnül;GMBIBaküKnøwHTaMgGs;enaH.

niyayyWt² c,as;² nigB¤² . 

smøwgemIleTAkan;sikçakam nigeRbIR)as;kayvikarrbs;GñkedIm,IeFIVkarsgát;Fn;eTAelIcMNucnimYy² . 

bTbgðajRtUvxøI nigsamBaØ - minRtUvmanry³eBleRcInCag10naTIeLIy . cUrBnül;EtcMNucmUldæan 

bu:eNÑaH . 

bnþbþÚrviFIsa®sþrbs;Gñk 

cUreRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþepSg²KñasRmab;RbFanbTepSg²KñaEdr edIm,I[GIV²RKb;y:agbnþmanPaBKYr[cab; 

GarmμN_ . 

eRbIR)as;PaBécñRbDitrbs;Gñk . sac;erOg b¤krNIsikSamYyGacERbkøayeTACakarsEmþgtYGgÁ b¤karpþl; 

r)aykarN_RtLb; GacERbkøayeTACakarGnuvtþeTAelIrebobbgðajGMBIkarelIkehtuplbBa©úHbBa©Úl 

GñkdéT ¬CMnajts‘Umti¦ . 

eRbIR)as;TMhMRkumepSg²Kña . cUrkuM { eFIVkarCaKU } RKb;eBlevla[esaH - cUrsakl,gkareFIVkargarCa 

RkumEdlmansmaCik 3nak; b¤ 4nak; . 

pøas;bþÚrbriyakas . GñkGaceTAxageRkA nigerobcMRkumeRkamedImeQI . 

RtYtBinitükRmitfamBl 

segátemIlkayvikarrbs;sikçakam . etIBYkeKemIleTATMngCaFujRTan; b¤gguyeKgEdrb¤eT? 

cUrsYrsMnYr { etIGñkTaMgGs;KñamanGarmμN_dUcemþcEdr? etIeyIgKYrQb;sMrakbnþicEdrb¤eT ?} 

bþÚrRbFanbT sMrakbnþic b¤elgEl,gkMsanþedIm,IbM)at;gguyeKg . 

BinitüemIleBlevla nigel,ÓnénkarbeRgon 

RtUvBinitüemIleBlevla . seRmccitþeTAelIeBlevlaEdlRtUvkarsRmab;vKÁsikSanimYy² . 

cUrcgcaMfa RkumtUcnwgRtUvcMNayeBleRcInCagkarEdlGñkrMBwgTuk . Gñkk¾nwgRtUvEbgEckeBlevla 

mYycMnYnsRmab; karpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb;pgEdr . 

kuMbeRgonelOneBk . GnuBaØat[RkumCYyGñkerobcMel,ÓnénkarbeRgonmYyEdlsmRsb . 

pþl;eBlevlaRKb;RKan;eTA[Rkum edIm,IeFIVkargarrbs;BYkeK . kuMbgçMBYkeK . 

17


erobcMkargarCaRkumtUc²enAeBlresol enAeBlEdlkRmitfamBlFøak;cuH . 

kuMePøcQb;sMrak TTYlTanGaharsRmn; nigCECkKñaelgeRkApøÚvkar . 

bBa©b;vKÁbNþúHbNþalnimYy²[)anRtwmRtUveTAtameBlevlakMNt; ¡ 

vaytémøeTAelIsikçasala 

cUrbnþeFIVskmμPaBvaytémøCaerogral;éf BuMEmneFIVkarvaytémøEtenAeBlcugbBa©b;énsikçasalaenaHeT . 

erobcMeFIVkarvaytémøxøImYynacugbBa©b;énéfnimYy² b¤esñI[sikçakameFIVkarrMlwkeLIgvijnUvGIVEdlBYkeK 

)aneronsURt enARBwkéfbnÞab; . 

vaytémøeTAelIGIVEdlBYkeK)aneronsURt nigrebobsikSaeronsURt . 

karsRmbsRmYlRkum 

erobcMEpnkar nigdMeNIrkarsikçasalaCamYyGñksRmbsRmYldéTeTot nigeFIVkarbUksrubeLIgvij 

bnÞab;BIbBa©b;sikçasalakñúgéfnimYy² . 

pøas;bþÚrtYnaTIdwknaMkarsRmbsRmYl nigtYnaTICaGñkkt;Rta EdlsresrkMNt;ehtuGMBIlT§plénkar 

BiPakSaenAelIpÞaMgRkdasFM b¤pÞaMgRkdasdéTeTot . 

pþl;karKaMRTKñaeTAvijeTAmk . RbsinebIGñksRmbsRmYlNamñak;manbBaða RtUvRbjab;CYyKat;Pøam . 

18

CMBUkk³ 

kardak;eQμaHbBaða 

20 

CMBUkenHbgðajBIkarmak;gay tamry³lMhat;CaeRcInsRmab;eRCIserIs EdlbgðajBIGtßn½yénkarmak;gay 

nigGarmμN_enAeBlrgkarmak;gay edayeRbIR)as;rUbPaB karniyayBIbTBiesaFn_xøÜnÉg erOgr:av nigkar 

sEmþg. eKalbMNgrbs;CMBUkenH KWedIm,IpSarP¢ab;TMnak;TMngrbs;mnusSeTAnwgbBaða EdlmanenAkRmitbuKÁl 

nigkRmitGarmμN_CaCagenAkRmitRTwsþI ¬dUcCa niymn½yCaedIm¦. enAEpñkxagcugénCMBUkenH nwgmankar 

bgðajBIniymn½y bnÞab;BIGñkcUlrYm)anbegáItkaryl;dwgGMBIkarmak;gay edayEp¥keTAtambTBiesaFn_ 

Cak;EsþgrYcmk. 

CMBUkenHBinitüelIfa etIkarmak;gaymann½yy:agdUcemþccMeBaHmnusS - 

etIkarmak;gaymanTRmg;GVIxøH? etIvamanlkçN³EbbNa - enAkñúgGakb,kiriya Pasa nig\riyabf 

rbs;eyIg? 

etIkarmak;gaymanplb:HBal;GVIxøH mkelIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RKYsarrbs;BYkeK shKmn_rbs;BYkeK 

nigkarTTYl)anesvasuxPaBrbs;BYkeK? 

etIkarmak;gaymanb¤sKl;mkBINa? 

cMNucsMxan;² 

eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtBak;B½n§nwgkarmak;gay. 

eyIgmak;gay enAeBl³ 

eyIgniyayBaküsmþImYycMnYn dUcCa {nagmanédKUrYmePTeRcIn} nig {Kat;smnwgdUecñH}. 

eyIgeFVIskmμPaB dUcCa minrab;rkGñkEdlmanCMgW min[BYkeKcUlrYmenAkñúgkarseRmccitþ nigefáaleTas 

BYkeK edaysarEt\riyabfrbs;BYkeK. 

mUlehtusMxan;²énkarmak;gay rYmman³ 

karP½yxøac nigkarminyl; - mnusSmindwgc,as;BIrebobqøg nigminqøgemeraKeGds_. BYkeKxøac BYkeK 

GacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³karb:HBal;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ - dUecñH BYkeKminrab;rkGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_TaMgenaH.

karvinicä½yEpñksIlFm’ - mnusSdwgfaemeraK 

eGds_Gacqøgtamry³karrYmePT nigkar 

cak;eRKOgejón ehIyBYkeKeFVIkarvinicä½yGMBI 

\riyabfTaMgenH. CMnYs[karepþatelIkarKaMRT 

dl;Gñkrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_)aneFVI[ 

mnusSmYycMnYn)anykcitþTukdak;GMBIkarqøg 

emeraKeGds_ cMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIy 

)aneFVIkarvinicä½y b¤ efáaleTasBYkeK. 

TRmg;sMxan;²énkarmak;gay rYmman³ 

lMhat; 

k>1> kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³rUbPaB 

k>2> kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³skçIkmμ 

¬GVIEdl)aneXIjCak;Esþg¦ rbs;Gñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

k>3> bTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜn EdlFøab;rgkar 

mak;gay 

k>4> dak;eQμaHkarmak;gayenAkñúgbribTepSg² 

k>5> etIkarmak;gaymann½ydUcemþc? 

¬niymn½y¦ 

k>6> TRmg; plb:HBal; nigmUlehtuénkar 

mak;gay ¬edImeQIbBaða¦ 

k>7> plb:HBal;énkarmak;gayelIGñkpÞúk 

emeraK eGds_elIGñkEdlBak;B½n§epSg² 

k>8> karP½yxøacrgkarmak;gay begáInel,Ón 

karqøgraldalemeraKeGds_ ¬erOg¦ 

k>9> karsYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay 

¬karsEmþgQb;-cab;epþIm¦ 

k>10> eRbobeFobemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ 

nig CMgWdéTeTot 

kardak;xøÜnÉg[enAÉkeka nig XøatqayBIsgÁm BIRKYsar mitþP½®kþ nig shKmn_ 

kareFVI[Gam:as; nig sþIbenÞas - efáaleTasBYkeK cMeBaH\riyabfrbs;BYkeK 

bMbiTsiT§iesrIPaBBYkeK nig GMNaceFVIesckþIseRmccitþ 

TRmg;epSgeToténkarmak;gay rYmman³ 

karmak;gayxøÜnÉg - enAeBlEdlmnusSbenÞas nig eFVI[xøÜnÉgenAÉekaBIGñkdéT 

karmak;gaybnÞab;bnSM - RKYsar nig mitþP½®kþ rbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾rgkarmak;gayEdr 

karmak;gayeTAtamrUbrag¼muxmat;¼RbePTkargar¼rebobrs;enA 

plb:HBal;énkarmak;gay rYmman³ 

manGarmμN_Gam:as; eRkomRkM Éeka ElgmaneKrab;rk Gs;sgÇwm ql;xøÜnÉg 

mankarerIseGIg - GñkpÞÚkemeraKeGds_ RtUv)aneKbeNþjecjBIRKYsar pÞH kargar GgÁPaB .l. 

karbdiesF - va)anbBaÄb;mnusSmin[bgðajBIsßanPaBBitrbs;xøÜn nig TTYl)annUvCMnYyepSg² 

21

k>1 kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gay 

tamry³rUbPaB 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;emeronenH sikçakamTaMgGs;nwgGac³ 

kMNt;)anBITRmg;epSg²énkarmak;gay enAkñúgbribTepSg² 

kMNt;BIrebobEdlkarmak;gayeFVI[manplb:HBal;dl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RKYsarrbs;BYkeK 

nig shKmn_rbs;BYkeK 

cab;epþImyl;)anBImUlehtu EdleFVI[mankarmak;gay 

BiPakSa]TahrN_GMBIkarmak;gay enAkñúgshKmn_rbs;BYkeK 

RkumeKaledA 

RKb;RkumTaMgGs; 

ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

rUbPaBeRCIserIsBIrUbPaBbgðajBIkarmak;gay ¬q>1> - q>20>¦ 

CMhan 

22 

1> BiPakSaGMBIrUbPaB ³ bgðajrUbPaBelICBa¢aMg. EcksikçakamCaRkummanKña 2 b¤ 3 nak; kñúgmYy 

Rkum [RkumnImYy²edIrCuMvij nigemIlrUbPaB[)aneRcIn tamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an ehIybnÞab;mk 

eRCIserIsykrUbPaBmYy[BYkeKBiPakSa - 

etIGñkKitfa manGVIkMBugekIteLIgenAkñúgrUbPaBenH Bak;B½n§CamYynwgkarmak;gay? 

ehtuGVI)anCaGñkKitfa vaekIteLIgdUecñH? 

etIkarmak;gay b:HBal;ya:gdUcemþcxøHdl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_? etIkarmak;gayb:HBal;dl;Gñk 

déTeTotdUemþcEdr? 

etIva)anekIteLIg enAkñúgshKmn_rbs;GñkEdrb¤eT? ebIman sUmelIkCa]TahrN_mkBiPakSa.

CMBUk k 

2> raykarN_Rtlb;mkvij ³ RkumnImYy²eLIgbgðajBIkarviPaKrbs;xøÜn. kt;RtacMNucTaMgLay 

enAelIRkdaspÞaMgFM. 

]TahrN_éncMelIyeqøIytb³ 

xageRkamenH KWRKan;EtCa]TahrN_b:ueNÑaH vaBMuEmnCacMelIyEdltMrUv[eqøIyenaHeT ehIyGñkk¾minrMBwgfaRtUvGan 

]TahrN_xageRkamenHlW² [eKsþab;eLIy. xageRkamenH KWCacMelIysamBaØ² énRbePTkareqøIytbEdleyIgrMBwgTuk 

ehIyvaGacCYyGñkeFVIkarkMNt;eTAelIbBaðaEdlGñkGaccg;elIkeLIg RbsinebIsikçakamBMu)anelIkeLIgGMBIbBaðaTaMgGs;enaH. 

cUrGnuBaØati[RkumnimYy² pþl;nUvKMnitpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK. RtUvcgcaMfa BMumancMelIyNaRtUv b¤ xuseLIy. 

rUbPaB q>2> - bursmñak;kMBugGgÁúyEtmñak;ÉgelIekAGImYy 

édkan;lT§pleFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ 

bursmñak;enHmanGarmμN_esakesA nigÉka. Kat;pwkRsa edIm,I 

edaHRsaybBaða. KμanGñkNaCYyKat; niyayBIbBaðaenHeLIy. 

rUbPaB q>3> - m©as;pÞHbeNþjsmaCikRKYsarecjBIpÞH 

m©as;pÞHxøacqøgemeraKeGds_BIburs b¤ ®sþI. RKYsarTaMgmUl 

rgplb:HBal; ebIeTaHbICamþay b¤«Bukbu:eNÑaH manpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_k¾eday. RKYsarenHmanGarmμN_fa ElgmaneKrab;rk nig 

mindwgfaRtUveFVIGVIeToteLIy. 

rUbPaB q>6> - «BukkMBugjauM)ayEtmñak;Ég 

«BukmanrUbragsÁmsÁaMg dUcGñkCMgWeGds_. RbBn§rbs;Kat;emIl 

eTAmanTwkmuxeRkomRkM eRBaHKat;xøacqøgemeraKeGds_BIbþIKat; 

dUecñHehIy Kat;[bþIKat;jauM)ayEtmñak;Ég. bursCabþIminsb,ay 

citþeLIy bu:EnþKat;)anTTYlykkarmak;gay ¬edayKat;mak;gay 

xøÜnÉg¦. 

23

k>1 

kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³rUbPaB 


rUbPaB q>7> - RKYsarlak;GñkCMgWeGds_kñúgpÞH 

RkumRKYsarenHmincg;[ePJóvdwgfaBYkeKmanGñkCMgWeGds_eLIy 

BIeRBaHBYkeKP½yxøacfa mankarmak;gayBIshKmn_. enHCa 

karmak;gayedaysarkarTMnak;TMng. 

rUbPaB q>11> - GñkRKUeBTüBak;m:as nigeRsaméd ehIyenAqayBIGñkCMgW 

karmak;gay edaysarkarP½yxøac. kareRbIeRsaméd nigm:as 

RCulhYsehtueBkrbs;RKUeBTü enAeBlEdlKat;xøacGñkCMgW 

eGds_cmøgemeraKmk[Kat;. 

rUbPaB q>13> - bþIbeNþjRbBn§ecjBIpÞH edaysarEtKat;dwgfa nagmanemeraKeGds_ 

bþI)ansþIbenÞas nigeFVI[RbBn§TTYlrgnUvPaBGam:as; edaysar 

Etnag)anqøgemeraKeGds_ ¬ebIeTaHbICa RbEhlCaKat;CaGñk 

cmøgeTAnagk¾eday¦. enHCarUbPaBénGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar cMeBaH 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

24

CMBUk k 

3> segçb ³ bBa©b;emeronedayeFIVesckþIsegçbcMNucsMxan;² Edlsikçakam)anelIkeLIgkñúglMhat;. 

GñkRtUveFIVesckþIsegçbedayeRbIR)as;cMNucmYycMnYnxageRkam RbsinebIsikçakammin)anelIkmk 

niyay. 

CYnkal eyIgeFVIGaRkk;dak;GñkdéT edaysarEtrUbragrbs;BYkeK b¤ edaysarEteyIgsgS½yfa 

BYkeK)aneFVIGVImYyminsmrmü. eyIg)andak;[BYkeKenAÉeka dUcCa minRBmGgÁúyCitGñkEdlsgS½y 

fapÞúkemeraKeGds_kñúgKøInik b¤ eyIgniyayedImBYkeK nigehAeQμaHBYkeKeTAtamGVIEdlGñkemIl 

eXIjBIxageRkA. enAeBlEdleyIgBüayamenAqayBIGñkdéT b¤ niyayesIccMGk[GñkdéT enH 

eKehAfa {karmak;gay}. 

karmak;gayKWCadMeNIrkarmYy EdleyIg ¬sgÁm¦ eFVI[ {xUcGtþsBaØaN} rbs;buKÁlmñak; b¤ buKÁl 

mYyRkum. eyIg)ankMNt;BIPaBxusEbøkKñarvagmnusSmñak; b¤ RkumNamYy ]TahrN_ PaBxusEbøkKña 

elIrUbragkay ¬]> karvivtþrUbragkayminRbRktI¦ b¤ GtþcrwkxusEbøkBIGñkdéT ¬]> GñkEdlmanédKU 

rYmePTeRcIn¦ ehIybnÞab;mk cat;TukfaPaBxusEbøkenHfaCaGVImYyEdlGviC¢man - vaCasBaØaénkar 

Gab;»nekrþ×eQμaH. TaMgGs;enHehIyeFVI[eyIgemIleXIjnUvehtupl b¤ eFVI[eyIgmak;gaynrNa 

mñak; b¤ RkumNamYy. GñkEdlRtUv)aneKmak;gayKW)at;bg;kitþiys edaysarEt {sBaØaénPaB 

Gam:as;} EdleKdak;[TaMgenH ehIyEdlmnusSdéTeTotcat;TukfasBaØaenHfa BYkeK)aneFVIGMeBI 

)ab b¤ man\riyabfGsIlFm’. 

karmak;gay KWCaCMenO b¤ \riyabfmYy EdleFVI[mankarerIseGIg. skmμPaBEdlekIteLIgedaysar 

karmak;gay KWkarerIseGIg - karerIseGIg)aneFVI[manPaBminesμIKña ]TahrN_ GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

RtUv)aneKbeNþjBIkargar b¤ beNþjecjBIpÞH b¤k¾ bdiesFminRBmpþl;karBüa)alCMgWepSg²kñúgKøInik. 

enAeBlEdleyIgmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ eyIg)aneFVIkarvaytémø BYkeK edayniyayfa BYkeK 

)aneFVI[xUcnUvTMenomTmøab;RbéBNIsgÁm dUecñHBYkeKKYrrgkarGam:as; b¤ efáaleTas b¤ eyIgdak;[ 

BYkeKenAÉeka edayniyayfaBYkeKKWCaeRKaHfñak;cMeBaHeyIgTaMgGs;Kña ¬edaysarEteyIgKitfa 

BYkeKGaccmøgemeraKeGds_mk[eyIg¦. 

25

k>1 

kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³rUbPaB 

karmak;gay minEmnCakarl¥eLIy. karmak;gay eFVI[mnusSQWcab;. enAeBlEdleyIgmak;gay 

eK vaeFVI[GñkEdlRtUveyIgmak;gaymanGarmμN_minl¥ - Éka Gam:as; eRkomRkM nigmanGarmμN_fa 

RtUv)aneKTat;ecal. BYkeKmanGarmμN_fa GñkdéTeTotmincg;)anBYkeK nig)at;bg;TMnukcitþ Ca 

lT§pl BYkeKminsUvykcitþTukdak;kñúgkarkarBarsuxPaBrbs;BYkeK ¬]> Qb;mkTTYlesvaEfTaM 

nigBüa)alenAKøInik nigQb;eRbIeRsamGnam½y¦. 

CaerOy² GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TTYlkarmak;gayBIsmaCikRKYsarrbs;BYkeK nigshKmn_. BYkeKRtUv 

TTYlTanEtÉg b¤ RtUv)aneKbgçM[ecjBIpÞH eTArs;enAkEnøgepSgeTot. TaMgGs;enHehIyeFVI[BYkeK 

manGarmμN_minl¥ nigb:HBal;dl;suxPaBBYkeKeTot. BYkeKRtUv)anbgçM[ {lak;xøÜn} edIm,IbiT)aMg 

TidæPaBEdlmancMeBaHmux enHehIyCalT§pl BYkeKCYbRbTHnUvkarlM)ak edIm,IrkkargareFVI nigrk 

pÞHsñak;enA nigeRbIR)as;esvasuxPaBEdlGacCYyse®gÁaHCIvitrbs;BYkeK. 

karmak;gaymanTRmg;epSg²BIKña ³ 

kar[enAdac;qayEtmñak;Ég nigkarbdiesFminrab;rk - edaysarkarminyl; nigkarP½yxøac 

karqøgemeraKeGds_enHehIy )aneFVI[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RtUv)aneKbgçM[GgÁúyEtmñak;Ég 

TTYlTanEtmñak;Ég nigrs;enAEtmñak;Ég. ]TahrN_³ 

kareFVI[Gam:as; nigkarsþIbenÞas - karniyayedImeK eKehAcMeQμaH kareCrRbmaf nigkar 

eFVI[GñkNamñak;xμaseK. GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUv)aneKeFVI[Gam:as; edaysar {\riyabf 

minl¥}. ]TahrN_³ 

26

CMBUk k 

karmak;gayxøÜnÉg- GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mYycMnYn)anmak;gayxøÜnÉg edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgkar 

mak;gay nigkarerIseGIgBIshKmn_. BYkeKTTYlykkarbenÞas nigkarElgrab;rkBIsgÁm nig 

eFVI[xøÜnÉgrs;enAqayBIGñkdéT. ]TahrN_³ 

karmak;gaybnÞab;bnSM - RKYsarGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ k¾rgkarmak;gaypgEdr. BYkeKrgnUv 

karsþIbenÞas edaysarBYkeKciBa©wmkUnmin)anl¥. ]TahrN_ 

plb:HBal;mYycMnYnénkarmak;gay rYmman³ 

manGarmμN_eRkomRkM Éeka Gt;mannrNarab;rk Gs;sgÇwm nig egOgql;BIxøÜnÉg. 

mankarGam:as; nig )at;bg;TMnukcitþxøÜnÉg ehIy manGarmμN_fa BYkeKKμannrNarab;rk. 

karerIseGIg - GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RtUv)aneKbeNþjecjBIpÞH BIkargar BIGgÁPaB CaedIm .l. 

karbdiesF - raraMgmnusSmin[bgðajBIsßanPaBBitrbs;xøÜn nig TTYl)anCMnYy. 

karmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ eFVI[BYkeKmankarQWcab; nigeFVI[emeraKeGds_qøgraldal eday 

Gaf’kM)aMg. GñkEdlrgkarmak;gayenAesómsat; nigminbgðajBIsßanPaBrbs;xøÜn[édKUrbs;BYkeK 

dwgeT - CalT§pl BYkeKGaccmøgemeraKeGds_eTAGñkdéT)an. 

27

k>2 

kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gay tamry³ 

skçIkmμrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

kMNt;smÁal;sRmab;GñksRmbsRmYl 

lMhat;enHeRbIR)as;GanuPaBénerOgr:avpÞal;xøÜn EdlniyayR)ab;edayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. erOgr:av 

TaMgenH man\T§iBlFMeFgmkelIsikçakam. CaerOy² enHKWCaelIkTI 1 Edlsikçakam)anB¤GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_niyayGMBICIvitrbs;BYkeK - etIemeraKeGds_manplb:HBal;GVIxøHdl;BYkeK. vaCYy[ 

mnusSFmμtayl; BIbBaðaenH - edIm,IeFVI[mankaryl;dwgkan;EteRcInGMBIkarmak;gay. 

eKalbMNg 


dak;eQμaH)anBITRmg;énkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgmYycMnYn EdlCYbRbTHelIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

erobrab;)anBIGarmμN_enAeBlrgkarmak;gay - etIkarmak;gayeFVI[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_QWcab; 

dUcemþcxøH nigfaetIkarmak;gayb:HBal;dl;suxPaBpøÚvcitþ nig qnÞ³kñúgkarrs;enArbs;BYkeKy:ag 

dUcemþcxøH 

RkumeKaledA 

Gñkpþl;karEfTaMsuxPaB buKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al GgÁkarmUldæan nigshKmn_ 

vaKμin 

GeBa¢IjGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ eGayniyayerOgpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK 

ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

28

CMBUk k 

karerobcM 

GeBa¢IjGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 2 b¤ 3 nak; EdlniyayedaycMhGMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK [mkniyay 

R)ab;sikçakamTaMgGs;. eTACYbCamYynwgsmaKmGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enAkñúgtMbn;rbs;Gñk edIm,Irk 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Edl cg;EckrMElkbTBiesaFn_rbs;BYkeK. pþl;karENnaMdl;BYkeKdUcxageRkam 

GMBIrebobniyayBIbTBiesaFn_EdlBYkeKman³ 

niyayBICIvitpÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk nig CIvitRKYsarrbs;Gñk mun nig eRkayqøgemeraKeGds_. niyay 

BIrebobEdlGñkdéTeFVI mkelIGñk kñúgpÞH kñúgshKmn_ kñúgmUldæansuxaPi)al kñúgkEnøgeFVIkarrbs;Gñk 

enAeBlEdlBYkeKsgS½yfa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. niyayGMBIGVIEdlerOgenH)aneFVIeGayGñkman 

GarmμN_. 

CMhan 

1> karniyayBIbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜn ³ EcksikçakamCaRkum kñúgRkumnImYy²manGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ eFVICaGñkpþl;bTBiesaFn_. [GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mñak;²niyayBIerOgrbs;BYkeK ehIy[ 

sikçakamsYrsMNYr edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIerOgr:avenH. epþatsMxan;elIbTBiesaFn_rbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

bu:Enþk¾elIkTwkcitþsikçakameGayeqøIytbCamYyerOgrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ CamYynwg]TahrN_ 

pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK cMeBaHkarmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar b¤shKmn_. eFIVkarsYr {etIGñk)aneXIj b¤Føab;lW 

erOgdUcenH Edrb¤eT? 

2> raykarN_Rtlb;mkvij ³ RbsinebImaneBlevlaRKb;RKan;[RkumTaMgGs;mkCuMKñavij ehIy[ 

sikçakammñak;tMNagRkumnImYy² erobrab;edaysegçbBIerOgenHeLIgvij. 

bnÞab;mksYrsMnYr³ etImanTRmg;én\riyabTminmankarmak;gay ]TahrN_ enAeBlmnusSmñak;yk 

citþTukdak;cMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_edaycitþl¥. {etImanTRmg;sMxan;²énkarmak;gayGVIxøH enAkñúg 

erOgr:avTaMgGs;enH?} 

29

k>2 

kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³ 


]TahrN_énkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgenAkñúgerOgr:avTaMgenH manenATMB½rbnÞab; 





karmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar 

kat;bnßykarTMnak;TMngCamYynwgGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ dUcCa bgçM[Kat;edktamsMy:abpÞH bgçM[ 

eTAgUtTwkkñúgTenø 

bgçM[ecjBIpÞH nig pøas;bþÚrTIlMenAeTAkan;kEnøgfμI 

karmak;gayenAkñúgshKmn_ 

karniyayedIm nig Rbmafdl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ enABIeRkayxñg 

GñkCitxagbdiesFminRBm[RKYsarx©Irbs;eRbIR)as; 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUv)aneKbeNþjecjBIshKmn_ enAeBlEdleKdwgfaKat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

GtifiCnminRBmTijsemøókbMBak;BIhagrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

karsþIbenÞas®sþI dUcCa niyayfaKat;qøgemeraKeGds_ edaysarKat;CaGñkrksuIpøÚvePT 

bdiesFminRBmTTYlykkUnrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ [cUleronkñúgTarkdæan 

karmak;gaykñúgmnÞIreBTü 

RKUeBTüBuM)ankarpþl;RbwkSa mun nig eRkaykareFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_eLIy 

Tuk[GñkCMgWGgÁúyrg;caMry³eBlyUr 

min)anrkSakarsmat;rbs;GñkCMgW - [buKÁlik nig GñkCMgWdéTeTotdwgBIsßanPaBrbs;GñkCMgW 

30

CMBUk k 



niyay. 

segçbcMNucsMxan;² EdlelIkeLIgedaysikçakam. GñkGacbBa©ÚlcMNucmYycMnYnxageRkam³ 

lMhat;enH CYyeyIg[yl;BIGarmμN_ enAeBlEdlTTYlrgkarmak;gay. GarmμN_EdlRtUv)aneK 

mak;gay KWQWcab;Nas;. 

smaCikshKmn_xøHxøacqøgemeraKeGds_BIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ¬edayKitfa emeraKeGds_CaCMgWqøg¦ 

dUecñHehIy BYkeKkat;bnßyTMnak;TMngCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

smaCikshKmn_xøHeFVIkarvinicä½y b¤ efáaleTasdl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ dUcCa sþIbenÞasBYkeK fa)an 

qøgemeraKeGds_edaysar {\riyabfminl¥} ¬manédKUrYmePTeRcIn b¤ eRbIeRKOgejón CaTegVIr 

GsIlFm’¦. 

mancMNucBIry:ag KWkardak;[enAÉekaBIeK nigkareFVI[Gam:as; )aneFVI[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_man 

GarmμN_faBYkeKCaGñkenAeRkAsgÁm - hak;bIdUcCaBYkeKElgCamnusSmñanwgeKeTot. enHman 

plb:HBal;Fn;FrmkelIsuxPaBrbs;BYkeK. 

karmak;gaybMpøajkar[tMélxøÜnÉgrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ BYkeKcab;epþImegOgql;BIxøÜnÉg. 

BYkeKmanGarmμN_Éka P½nþRcLM nig)ak;Twkcitþ enAeBlEdlBYkeKBitCaRtUvkarkarKaMRT nigkarenACit 

nwgmnusSdéT. 

31

]TahrN_éncMelIyeqøIytb³ Bnøk 

´manGayu 37 qñaM ´)anqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³kareRbIR)as;suIra:g nig m¢úl. érobkar 

ehIy ehIyrs;enACamYyRbBn§rbs;´ bu:EnþeyIgKμankUnxøÜnÉgeLIy. RKYsarćiBa©wmekμg 

3 nak; EdlCakUnrbs;bgRbus´ Edl)anlacakelakeTAehIy. RbBn§rbs;éTApSarCa 

erogral;éf edIm,IrkluymkRTRTg;RKYsar. cMENkénApÞH nig eFVIkic©karpÞH. 

bnÞab;BI´RtUv)aneKkat;rMsayBICYrkgT½B ´minGacrkkargar)aneFVIeLIy dUecñH eFVI 

[´manGarmμN_tb;Rbml;y:agxøaMg. ćab;epþImedIrelgCamYymitþP½®kþ ehIycab;epþIm 

ejónfñaM. ´)aneRbIfñaMejónry³eBl 3 qñaMmkehIy. enAeBlEdl ´dwgfa ´manemeraKeGds_ ´Büayam 

Qb;eRbIeRKOgejón edaysarEt´GaNitRbBn§. RKYsar´TaMgmUlBüayamlak;)aMgkarBit Edl´manemeraK 

eGds_. GñkCitxagsgS½yfa ´GacmanemeraKeGds_ edaysarEtBYkeKeXIjédIrelgCamYyRkumlk; 

fñaMejón. 

enAeBlEdlmitþP½®kþmYycMnYnrbs;´)andwgfa´manemeraKeGds_ BYkeKBüayameKcecjBI´ edaysarEt 

BYkeKxøac dUcCa enAeBlEdléTAekokBYkeK BYkeKedIrecj. BuMmannrNacg;edIrelgCamYyGñkEdlman 

emeraKeGds_eLIy. 

smaCikshKmn_xøHxøacrEGg´ edayBYkeKminh‘anniyaycMmuxéLIy EtBYkeKniyayedImeRkayxñg´. 

sUm,IEténAkñúgpÞHrbs;´ ´k¾GacB¤GñkCitxagxSwbexSóvBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Edr. mitþP½®kþrbs;´mñak;Edl 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_dUcÉdr )anR)ab;´BIskmμPaBEdlRKYsarrbs;Kat;eFVI)abKat;. «Bukrbs;Kat;søab; ehIy 

mþayrbs;Kat;erobkarbþIfμI dUecñH Kat;RtUv)aneKbgçM[rs;enACamYyCIdUn nig sac;jati. edaysarEtkarP½yxøac 

rbs;BYkeK BYkeKmin[Kat;jauM)ayCamYyeLIy. BYkeKEfmTaMg[Kat;eTAgUtTwkenATenøeTotpg. BYkeKmin 

[Kat;edkkñúgpÞHeLIy KW[Kat;edkenAsMy:abpÞHxageRkA. dUecñHehIy Kat;ecjBIpÞHeBléf ehIyeBlxøH 

eBlyb;EfmeTotpg. Kat;Gs;sgÇwm mincg;rs;enAeToteLIy. 

32

CMBUk k 

]TahrN_éncMelIyeqøIytb³ vIr³ 

´manGayu 36 qñaM ´mkBIRKYsarRkIRk CaGñkFak;rm:k edIm,IrkluyciBa©wmCIvit. ´)anluy 

edIm,Icab;epþImrbrenHBIRkumKaMRTGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

´)anerobkarkalBI 10 qñaMmun RbBn§rbs;´rt;ecal´ enAeBlEdlnagdwgfa ´)aneRbIR)as; 

eRKOgejón. ´BüayamCaeRcIndg edIm,IbBaÄb;eRbIeRKOgejón bu:Enþmin)anTTYl 

)aneCaKC½yesaH. ebIeTaHbICaRKYsar´RkIRky:agNak¾eday BYkeK[luy´tictYc 

eTATijeRKOgejón nig kuM[´lYcBIGñkCitxag. 

kalBI 6 qñaMmun ´dwgfa´manemeraKeGds_. dMbUg enAeBlEdl´dwg ´manGarmμN_rn§t; nig Gs;sgÇwm 

eBlenaH Élgcg;eFVIkar ehIycg;sgswk. ćg;edkCamYy®sþIbeRmIesvakMsanþsb,ay nig cmøgemeraK 

eGds_dl;BYkeKTaMgGs;enaH. 

enAeBlEdlRKYsarrbs;´dwgfa ´manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ BYkeKmankarP½yxøacqøgemeraKBI´ bu:Enþ eRkaymk 

BYkKat;cab;epþImyl;bnþicmþg². EteTaHbICay:agNak¾eday BYkKat;enAEtkat;bnßyTMnak;TMngCamYy´. 

]TahrN_ BYkKat;)ane)aksm¥atsemøókbMBak;rbs;BYkeKedayELk ehIy[éRbIEBgpwkTwkepSg. manEt 

mþayrbs;´bu:eNÑaH EdlykcitþTukdak;EfTaḾ BitR)akd. cMENkbgRbus nig bgéførbs;énAqayBÍ enAeBl 

EdlBYkeKniyayCamYy´mþg² ehIyBYkeKmin[´bIkUnKat;eLIy. 

RKYsarrbs;´k¾)anTTYlrgkarmak;gayBIGñkCitxagpgEdr. BYkeKmin[eyIgx©Iké®nþy_ b¤ kaMbitykmkeRbI 

eLIy. mþayrbs;´Føab;emIlkUn[GñkCitxag bu:Enþ \lUvenH eKElg[Kat;emIlkUn[eKeTotehIy. 

enAeBlEdlsmaCikshKmn_xøH)aneXIj´Tl;muxKña BYkeKminbgðajecjCasBaØamak;gayéLIy bu:Enþ 

enAeRkayxñg´vij BYkeKBüayamenAqayBI´. BYkeKxøacminh‘anmkCitéLIy eRBaHBYkeKxøacfa RbsinebI 

BYkeKeFVI[´xwg RbEhlCaGacńwgsgswk. bu:Enþ enAeRkayxñg´vij BYkeKemIlgay´ hak;bIdUcĆamnusS 

Xøg;GBa©wg. BYkeKFøab;xøac´ edaysarEtćak;eRKOgejón bu:Enþ \lUvBYkeKxøac´ edaysarEt´manemeraK 

eGds_. 

33

k>2 

kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³ 


]TahrN_éncMelIyeqøIytb³ erOgr:avepSg²eTot edayEp¥keTA 

tambTBiesaFn_Cak;Esþgrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_CaeRcInnak; 

´)anerobkar enAeBlEdl´manGayu 18 qñaM. ćab;epþImRbkbmuxrbrkat;edrtUcmYy 

ehIy´manGtifiCnCaeRcIn. bþIrbs;´ KWCacugePAenAkñúgePaCnIydæanmYy. edaysar 

EtKat;tammitþP½®kþGUsTajKat;)anejónfñaMejón ehIyk¾qøgemeraKeGds_. enAeBlEdl 

m©as;ePaCnIydæan)andwgfa bþIrbs;´manemeraKeGds_ eKk¾beNþjKat;[Qb;eFVIkar. 

enAeBlenaH ´min)andwgfaKat;RtUv)aneKbBaÄb;kargar edaysarEtKat;manemeraK 

eGds_eLIy. ´Kitfa edaysarEtKat;ejónfñaM. minyUrbu:nμanbnÞab;BIKat;)an)at;bg; 

kargar ´k¾manépÞeBaH ehIy´)aneTAmnÞIreBTürdæ edIm,IsRmalkUn. BYkeK[´ 

eFVIetsþQam - ehIybnÞab;mkR)ab;´fa ´manemeraKeGds_. BYkeKR)ab;´ edaymin 

)anpþl;RbwkSa b¤ karKaMRTeLIy. GñkRKUeBTümñak;edIrmkrk´ ehIyniyayfa {ÉgmanemeraKeGds_} . BuMman 

GñkNaR)ab;´faRtUvedaHRsaysßanPaBfμIenHedayrebobNaeLIy. ´manGarmμN_rn§t; P½nþRcLM nigxwg 

y:agxøaMg ehIy´mindwgfaRtUveFVIdUcemþceLIy. enAeBlenaHeTIb´dwgfabþÍ KWCaGñkcmøgemeraKenHmk[´. 

enAeBlEdllT§plecjmk GñkenAkñúgmnÞIreBTüTaMgGs;hak;bIdUcCadwgfa ´manemeraKeGds_ GBa©wgehIy 

RKb;KñaemIlmkÉbbesIccMGk. buKÁlikmnÞIreBTüTuk[´rg;caMy:agyUr bnÞab;mk BYkeKR)ab;´fa BYkeK 

minGacsRmalkUn[´)aneLIy dUecñH ´RtUvecjBImnÞIreBTüeTApÞH. ´)aneTAmnÞIreBTüÉkCnmYy BYkeK 

min)an[éFVIetsþQameLIy ehIyBYkeKsRmalkUn[´. 

eBlEdl´vilRtLb;BImnÞIreBTüvij bBaðamYyeTotekItmaneLIy. maneKenAmnÞIreBTürdæR)ab;GñkdwknaM 

shKmn_fa ´manemeraKeGds_. GñkCitxagcab;epþImxSwbexSóvKñaBÍ ehIymþayekμkrbs;´RBYy)armÖy:agxøaMg 

Kat;bdiesFminRBm[ćUlpÞHrbs;Kat;eLIy. Kat;)anniyayfa ĆaGñkeFVI[eKmaneRKaHfñak;. dUecñH ´ 

RtUvpøas;eTArs;enAkEnøgmYyeTot edayCYlbnÞb;eKsñak;enH. eBlenaHeFVI[´Bi)akcitþy:agxøaMg eRBaH´RtUv 

cakecjBIpÞH nigeTAqayBImitþP½®kþ nigcab;epþImCIvitfμIenAkEnøgfμI. 

´)ancab;epþImrbrkat;edrrbs;éLIgvij. enAeBlEdlGñkrs;nAkñúgtMbn;enaHdwgfa ´manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

ehIyPaKeRcIneKElgmkhagéTotehIy. rbrrbs;´rgplb:HBal;y:agxøaMg. GñkxøHEfmTaMgbenÞas´ 

eTotpg edayniyayfa ´qøgeGds_edaysarEtĆaRsIrksuIpøÚvePT ehIyĆaGñkcmøgemeraKeGds_eTA 

bþIrbs;´. 

34

CMBUk k 

]TahrN_éncMelIyeqøIytb³ erOgr:avepSg²eTot edayEp¥keTA 

tambTBiesaFn_Cak;Esþgrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_CaeRcInnak; 

GVIEdll¥kñúgCIvitrbs;´ KWkUnrbs;´ eKCaekμgRbusEdlekItmkmansuxPaBl¥ ehIyKμanemeraKeGds_ Edl 

eFVI[CIvitrbs;´mantémø. enAeBlkUn´FMbnþic ´BüayamykvaeTAepJIrenATarkdæanmYy bu:EnþGñkRKb;RKg 

TIenaHbdiesFminRBmTTYl edayniyayfa «BukmþaydéTeTotnwgminGnuBaØateLIy. dUecñH ´RtUvykeK 

eTAeronenAsalamYyeTot EdlenAqayBIkEnøg´rs;enA edaysarEtmnusSenATIenaHmindwgBIsßanPaBrbs;´. 

kUnenHvaminmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_eLIy bu:Enþ vaRtUvrgkarQWcab;dUcÉdr eRBaHGñkdéTeTotehAvafa kUnGñk 

ekIteGds_¡ 

35

k>3 bTBiesaFn_CaGñkmak;gayeK 

nig CaGñkrgkarmak;gay 


lMhat;enHminEmnsMrab;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_eT. vaCalMhat;Edl)anerobcMeLIgsMrab;Gñkpþl;kar 

EfTaMsuxPaB buKÁlikGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al GgÁkarmUldæanshKmn_ nigshKmn_. lMhat;enH 

eFVIeGayBYkeKk\KitGMBIeBlevlamYyenAkñúgCIvitrbs;BYkeK enAeBlEdlBYkeKmanGarmμrN_RtUv 

)aneKmak;gay. enHKWCaviFImYy eFVIeGayBYkeKmanGarmμN_GaNitGasUrCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_. 

lMhat;enH tMRmUveGaymankareCOCak;nig manPaBebIkcMhCamYynwgRkum. dUecñHlMhat;enHminKYreRbI 

dUcCalMhat;TI 1 eT. lMhat;enH vanwgdMeNIreTAedayl¥ RbsinebIvaRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;bnÞab;BIlMhat; 

TI 2 - TI 3 . Rtg;cMNucenH sikaçkamcab;epIþmebIkcMhCamYyKañeTAvijeTAmk ehIyeBlenHBYkeK 

GacEckrMElk bTBiesaFn_paÞl;xøÜnrbs;BYkeKmYycMnYn . 

GñkKYrkt;sMKal;pgEdrfalMhat;enHRkeLkemIlkarmak;gayCaTUeTA ehIyCaBiessminBak;B½n§nig 

karmak;gayCamYyemeraKeGds_eT. 

ehtudUcenHehIykarENnaMrYmman ³ KitBIeBlmYyenAkñúgCIvitrbs;Gñk enAeBlEdlGñkmanGarmμN_ 

enAdac;qayEtmñak;Ég nigkarbdiesdminrab;rk edayeKemIleXIjfaGñkxusEbøkBIGñkdéT. 

pþl;eGaysikaçkamnUv]TahrN_ 2 rW 3 ¬]TahrN_ ³ esIccMGkdak;GñkedaysarGñkmkBIRKYsar 

RkIRkmYy b¤ esIccMGkdak;GñkenAsalaeronedaysarGñktUcCagGñkdéT b¤ elg)al;Tat;min)anl¥¦. 

]TahrN_TaMgenHGacCYysikaçkameGayyl;BIRbePTénbTBiesaFn_EdlBYkeKrMBwgfanwgKwtBI 

bTBiesaFn_TaMgenaH. lMhat;enH RtUvkareGaymankarENnaMeGay)anl¥ edIm,ICYysikaçkameGay 

bMEbkGarmμN_minsUvRsYlrbs;BYkeK GMBIkarqøúHbBa¢aMg nigEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnCamYyGñk 

déT. viFImYykñúgkarcab;epIþm KWGñksMrbsMrYlRtUvEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_paÞl;xøÜn nigmanGarmμN_ 

muneK. vamansar³sMxan;xøaMgNas;kñúgkarbegIátvin½ysMrab;lMhat;enH edaysgát;Fn;fakarEck 

rMElk KWRtUveFIVedaysμR½Kcitþ ehIyKμannrNamñak;RtUv)anbgçMeGayEckrMElkeTehIysgát;Fn;eTAelI 

RbeyaCn_énkarsMgat; ehIyGIVEdl)anEckrMElkKYreGayenAEtkñúgbnÞb;enHeT. 

lMhat;enHEckecjCaBIrEpñk ³ 

k¼> bTBiesaFn_RtUv)aneKmak;gay 

x¼> bTBiesaFn_kñúgkarmak;gayGñkd¾éT . 

36

CMBUk k 

sUmkMueFIVlMhat;TaMgenHCab;KñakñúgeBlEtmYy. eFVIlMhat;enHdac;edayELkBIKña mann½yfaRtUvTukeBlevla 

cenøaHKñabnþicrvaglMhat;TaMgBIrenH. eFIVdUcenHvanigpþl;eGaysikçakamnUveBlevlaeRcInCagmun edIm,IebIk 

cMhrbgaðjBIGakb,kiriyanig\riyabTrbs;rbs;BYkeK . 

lMhat;enHGaceFIVeGaykarcgcaMmankarQWcab; b¤ bTBiesaFn_sMrab;sikçakammYycMnYn. kñúgnamCaGñksMrb 

sMrYl GñkKYreRtomxøÜnCaeRsckñúgkaredaHRsayCamYyGarmμN_EdlekItmaneLIg. mtieyabl;mYycMnYnelI 

cMNucenHRtUv)anpþl;CUnkñúgkMNt;sMKal;BIkarqøúHbBaa©MgbuKÁlmñak;² Edl)anpþl;eGayenAkñúgCMBUkkarENnaM 

eRkam³ dMbUnμansRmab;RKUbNþúHbNþalEbbcUlrYm. 

eKalbMNg 


erobrab;)anBIbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnmYycMnYn EdlBak;B½n§nwgkarmak;gay 

kMNt;)anBIGarmμN_mYycMnYn enAeBlTTYlrgkarmak;gay b¤ enAeBlmak;gayGñkdéT 

ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

CMhan 

Epñk k - bTBiesaFn_TTYlrgkarmak;gay 

1> karqøúHbBa©aMgCabuKÁl ³ [sikçakamGgÁúyedayELkBIKña. bnÞab;mkniyayfa ³ {KitBIeBlmYy 

enAkñúgCIvitrbs;Gñk enAeBlEdlGñkmanGarmμN_faRtUv)aneKesIccMGkdak;Gñk b¤ eKElgrab;rk 

edaysarEtGñkmanlkçN³xusBIGñkdéT b¤ enAeBlEdlGñkeXIjGñkdéTRtUv)aneKeFVIdak;dUecñH}. 

Bnül;fa mincaM)ac;elIk ]TahrN_GMBIkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enaHeLIy. vaGacCa 

TRmg;énkarmak;gayRKb;Ebby:agén {karEdlRtUv)aneKdak;[enAÉeka b¤ eKElgrab;rk edaysar 

EteKeXIjfa GñkmanrUbragxusBIeK}. sYrsMNYr[ BYkeKKit {etImanerOgGVIekIteLIg? etIGñkman 

GarmμN_y:agdUcemþc? etIvamanplb:HBal;GVIxøH mkelIGñk?} 

37

k>3 

bTBiesaFn_CaGñkmak;gayeK 


2> EckrMElkCamYyédKU³ niyayfa {EckrMElkbTBiesaFn_enH CamYynwgGñkEdlGñkKitfagay 

RsYlniyayCamYy}. TukeBleGayédKUnImYy² 2 b¤ 3 naTI edIm,IEckrMElkBIerOgra:vrbs;BYkeK 

CamYyGñkdéT. 

3> EckrMElkenAkñúgRkumFM ³ GeBa¢Ijsikçakam [EckrMElkerOgr:avrbs;BYkeK enAkñúgRkumFM. enHKWCa 

karsμ½RKcitþ - BuMmanGñkNamñak;RtUv)aneKbgçM[niyayBIerOgr:avpÞal;xøÜnrbs;eKeLIy. sikçakam 

nwgEckrMElk RbsinebIBYkeKmanGarmμN_gayRsYlkñúgkarniyay. vanwgCYy[sikçakamEckrMElk 

erOgr:avrbs;BYkeK)anl¥ enaHGñksRmbsRmYlKYrEtcab;epþImR)ab;erOgr:avpÞal;xøÜnCamunsin. enAeBl 

EdlmankarbgðajBIerOgr:avTaMgenH sYrfa etIGñkmanGarmμN_y:agdUcemþc? etIenHb:HBal;dl;CIvit 

rbs;GñkdUcemþcxøH? 






bTBiesaFn_énkarFøab;TTYlrgkarmak;gay ¬]TahrN_¦ 

shKmn_Elgrab;rk edaysarEtKat;CasmaCikRKYsarrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. manCMgWesIrEs,k 

EdleFVI[GñkdéTmincg;enAEk,r. rgkarmak;gay edaysarEtekItmkCaRsI. 

etIGñkmanGarmμN_EbbNa enAeBlEdlGñkrgkarmak;gay? 

xwg Gam:as; P½nþRcLM )ak;Twkcitþ eKElgrab;rk eKKitfaCaCneRkAsgÁm mincg;[eKeXIj CaBlrdævNÑ³ 

TI 2 eKmak;gay minTTYlykKμanRbeyaCn_ braC½y eKs¥b;ex dMeNIrkarbnþ³ sYrfa {etIGñkeronecHGVIxøH ecjBIlMhat;GMBIkarmak;gayenH? etImanGarmμN_GVIxøH 

Bak;B½n§CamYynwgkarmak;gay?} 

38

CMBUk k 

5> segçb³ bBa©b;emeronedayeFIVesckþIsegçbcMNucsMxan;² Edlsikçakam)anelIkeLIgkñúglMhat;. 


niyay. 

lMhat;enH CYyeyIg[yl;suICMerAGMBIGarmμN_ enAeBlTTYlrgkarmak;gay - Gam:as; eKElgrab; 

rk eKesIccMGkdak; b¤ eKs¥b;ex

k>3 




eKEtgEtmak;gay´ edaysarEtĆaRsI. eKbnþúHbg¥ab;´ minEdlsþab;KMnitrbs;´ ehIyKitfaKMnitrbs; 

´ KWCaKMnitKμanRbeyaCn_. kalénAekμg ćg;eron bu:Enþ «Bukmþayrbs;ÉtgEtniyayfa {eT ÉgCa 

RsI. kargarrbs;ÉgKWenAkñúgpÞH minEmnenAkñúgfñak;eronenaHeT.} BYkeKBüayamraraMg´ min[bnþkar 

sikSa bu:Enþ´minEdle)aHbg;enaHeT ehIy´)anbBa©b;karsikSaenAmhaviTüal½y. TIbMput BYkeKcab;epþIm 

eKarBKMnitrbs;´ ehIyemIleXIjfa RsIk¾GaceFVIl¥)anEdr. \lUvenH BYkeKsþab;´ ehIyTTYlsÁal;fa 

´k¾manGVIEdlGacrYmcMENk)anEdr. 

 

´RtUv)aneKsmÖasn_ [cUleFVIkarCab:UlIs. GñksmÖasn_ esIccMGkBIkMBs;rbs;´ {ÉgTabNas; sUm,IEt 

kaMePøIgGaka 47 k¾FMCagÉgEdr.} ´minRtUv)aneKeRCIserIs ehIymanGarmμN_fa rgkarmak;gay 

edaysarEtkm

CMBUk k 


BUrbs;´manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIyKat;)ansøab;)at;ehIy. edIm,IrkR)ak;cMNUl RbBn§rbs;Kat;lk;cMNI 

Gahar enAmuxsalaeron bu:EnþGñkCitxag)anR)ab;sisSsalamin[TijcMNIrbs;Kat;eLIy edaysarEt 

bþIKat;søab;edaysarCMgWeGds_ ehIycMNIGaharKat;eFVImins¥at. edaysarEtBaküccamGar:amTaMgenH 

rbrrbs;Kat;minGacdMeNIrkareTAmux)an. Kat;RtUvbgçMcitþpøas;eTAkEnøgepSgeTot. 

Epñk x - bTBiesaFn_TTYlrgkarmak;gay 

lMhat;enHKYreFVIeBlepSgeTot - minEmneFVIPøam² bnÞab;BIEpñk k cb;eLIy. 

1> karqøúHbBa©aMgCabuKÁl³ [sikçakamGgÁúyedayELkBIKña. bnÞab;mkniyayfa³ {KitBIeBlmYy 

enAkñúgCIvitrbs;Gñk enAeBlEdlGñk)an[nrNamñak;enAÉkeka b¤ Gñkminrab;rkGñkNamñak; eday 

sarEtBYkeKxusBIGñk.} sYr sMNYr[BYkeKKit - {etImanerOgGVIekIteLIg? etIGñkmanGarmμN_y:ag 

dUcemþc? etIGñkmanGakb,kiriyaEbbNa? etIGñkman\riyabfEbbNa? 

bnÞab;mk [sikçakamsresrKMnit GarmμN_ b¤ Bakü EdlBYkeKKitfa manTMnak;TMngCamYykar 

mak;gay. 

2> EckrMElkerOgr:avCamYynwgédKU³ [sikçakam EckrMElkerOgr:avrbs;BYkeK CamYynwgGñkEdl 

BYkeKgayRsYlkñúg karniyayCamYy. 

3> EckrMElkerOgr:avenAkñúgRkumFM ³ GeBa¢Ijsikçakam [EckrMElkerOgr:avrbs;BYkeK enAkñúgRkumFM. 

enHKWCakarsμ½RKcitþ - BuMmanGñkNamñak;RtUv)aneKbgçM [niyayBIerOgr:avpÞal;xøÜnrbs;eKeLIy. 

enAeBlEdlmankarbgðajBIerOgr:avTaMgenH edaysYrfa etIGñkmanGarmμN_y:agdUcemþc? etIerOg 

TaMgenHb:HBal;dl;CIvitrbs;GñkdUcemþcxøH?} 

41

k>3 








bTBiesaFn_énkarmak;gayGñkdéT ¬]TahrN_¦ 

enA[qayBIGñkEdlmanCMgWesIrEs,k 

mincab;édCamYyGñk EdlsgS½yfamanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

esIccMGk[GñkdéT 

etIGñkmanGarmμN_y:agdUcemþc enAeBlEdlmak;gayGñkdéT? 

vaeFVI[´manGarmμN_ >>>> l¥CageK manGMNac. vaKWCakarsgswkcMeBaHGVI EdlGñkdéTeFVIdak;´. ´man 

GarmμN_xusqÁg Edl)aneFVI[eKQWcab;. 

4> dMeNIrkarbnþ ³ sYrfa {etIGñkeronecHGVIxøH ecjBIlMhat;GMBIkarmak;gayenH? 

]TahrN_GMBIbTBiesaFn_CaGñkmak;gayeK 

kñúgnamCayuvCnmñak; ´mankarBi)akniyayPasaExμr dUecñHehIy ´RtUv)aneKeFVI)abenAsalaeron. 

RKU nig sisSdéTeTotesIccMGk[´ edaysarEtkarbeBa©jsemøgrbs;´. dUecñH enAeBlEdl´man 

»kaseFVICaRKUbeRgon ésIccMGk[GñkeronminTan;eK dUceBlEdleKesIccMGk[Édr ehIyélIk 

TwkcitþsisSdéTeTot[esIccMGkdak;sisSEdleronminTan;eKTaMgenaHpgEdr. eRkaymk éFVIkar 

qøúHbBa©aMg\riyabfenH ehIymanGarmμN_Gam:as;. vaCakarQWcab;cMeBaH sisS Edlrgplb:HBal;. 

ńwgmineFVIdUecñHmþgeToteLIy. 

42

CMBUk k 



niyay. 

CaerOy² eyIgmak;gayGñkdéT edaymindwgxøÜn. eyIgeFVIeTAtamrebob EdleyIgFøab;eXIjknøgmk. 

vb,Fm’¼briyakasCuMvijxøÜneyIg KWCaGñkbeRgon¼kMNt;lkçxNÐ[eyIgmak;gayeK. 

eyIgminGacbenÞasGñkdéT edaysarEtBYkeKmak;gayeKenaHeT - BYkeKsßitenAeRkamlkçxNÐ 

edIm,Imak;gayGñkdéT. mnusSeyIgnwgkan;Etyl; enAeBlEdlBYkeKCYbRbTHerOgr:avCak;Esþg man 

bTBiesaFn_ nigcMeNHdwgeRcInCagmun. 

enAeBlEdleyIgmak;gayGñkdéT eyIgmanGarmμN_l¥ nigmanGMNacCageK eBlenaHeyIgElg 

cat;TukGñkEdlrgkarmak;gayCamnusSeTotehIy bu:Enþ vaCakarKMramkMEhgmYyEdlRtUvenAeday 

ELk b¤ pat;ecjBIRkum. 

43

k>4 kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gay 

enAkñúgbribTepSg²BIKña 


enAkñúglMhat;enHsikçakamerobrab;BIkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg cMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enAkñúg 

kEnøgCak;lak;mYy ]TahrN_dUcCa³ enApÞH salaeron KøInik nigkEnøgkargar. lMhat;enH GaceFVI)an 

edayeRbIviFIsa®sþepSg²Kña dUcCa eRbIviFIsa®sþbMpusKMnitqøas;Kña lMhat;dkecjBIRkum b¤ kar 

sMEdgerOg. eRCIserIsviFIsa®sþNaEdlsmRsbsMrab;Rkumrbs;Gñk. 

lMhat;enHerobcMeLIgsMxan;sMrab;Gñkpþl;karEfTaMsuxPaB buKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al GgÁkarmUldæan 

shKmn_ nigshKmn__. BYkeKGacmin)andwgBIlMhat;TaMgenHénkarmak;gay dUcenH GñkGaccg; 

GeBa¢IjmnusS 2 b¤ 3 nak; EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ edIm,IcUlrYmkñúgemeronenH nigCYysikçakamkMNt; 

]TahrN_énkarmak;gayenAkñúgkEnøgnImYy². 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;BITRmg;énkarmak;gaykñúgbribTepSg²BIKña nig rebobkMNt;)anBIkarEdlkarmak;gayeFVI 

[b:HBal;dl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

cab;epþImkMNt;)anBImUlehtumYycMnYn EdlCab¤sKl;énkarmak;gay 

RkumeKaledA 

Gñkpþl;karEfTaMsuxPaB buKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al GgÁkarmUldæanshKmn_ nigshKmn_ 

ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

44

CMBUk k 

karerobcM 

eRCIserIsbribT EdlsmRsbeTAnwgRkumrbs;Gñk dUcCa pÞH shKmn_ KøInik salaeron kEnøgeFVIkar 

pSar etomEt vtþ Garam rgÁsal CaedIm. dak;RkdaspÞaMgFM enAtamCBa¢aMgepSg²BIKñakñúgbnÞb; ehIy 

sresreQμaHbribTepSg²BIKña enAEpñkxagelIrbs;RkdasnImYy². 

vIFIsa®sþ k - karbMpusKMnitqøas;Kña ³ 

1> EcksikçakamCaRkum ehIy[BYkeKeTAkan;kEnøgRkdaspÞaMgFMnImYy² CacMNuccab;epþImrbs;RkumnImYy² 

2> [BYkeKsresrTRmg;énkarmak;gay EdlekIteLIgenAkñúgbribTenaH 

3> BIr b¤ bInaTIeRkaymk ERskfa {pøas;bþÚr} ehIy [RkumnImYy²pøas;eTAkEnøgmYyeTot ehIysresr 

bEnßmcMNucelI RkdaspÞaMgFMbnÞab; 

4> enAeBlEdlRkum)anbBa©b;RKb;RkdaspÞaMgFMehIy BinitüeLIgvijelIGVIEdlBYkeK)ansresr 

vIFIsa®sþ x - viFIsa®sþsEmþg b¤ KUsrUb ³ 

1> RkumnImYy²eRCIserIsRbFanbT³ [sikçakam {e)aHeqñat edayeRbIeCIgrbs;BYkeK} edIm,IcUleTA 

tamRkumbribT Edl BYkeKcg;cUlrYm. bnÞab;mk [Rkum³ 

kMNt;BITRmg;énkarmak;gay EdlekIteLIg enAkñúgbribTenaH - sresrenAelIRkdaspÞaMgFM 

begáItEl,gsEmþgtY edIm,IbgðajrebobEdlkarmak;gayekItmaneLIg 

2> karraykarN_RtLb;mkvij³ [RkumnImYy²eLIgbgðajr)aykarN_énRkdaspÞaMgFM nig El,g 

sEmþgtYrbs;BYkeK. cMeBaHEl,gsEmþgtYnImYy² BiPakSasMNYrxageRkam ³ 

etImanGVI)anekIteLIg? ehtuGVI? 

etImanGakb,kiriyaGVIxøH enATIenH? 

etImanktþacUlrYmcMENkGVIxøH? 

45

k>4 

kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gayenAkñúgbribTepSg²BIKña 

3> dMeNIrkarbnþ ³ bnÞab;mk BiPakSasMNYrmYycMnYn kñúgcMeNamsMNYrxageRkam³ 

etIbribTepSg²KñaTaMgenH manlkçN³rYmKñamYycMnYnGVIxøH? 

etIenAkñúgbribTTaMgGs; manGakb,kiriya¼GarmμN_y:agdUcemþcxøH cMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

etIGñkEdlTTYlrgkarmak;gay rgplb:HBal;GVIxøH? 

etImanmUlehtuGVIxøH EdlCab¤sKl;énkarmak;gay nig karerIseGIg? 



niyay. 

karmak;gaymanenARKb;TIkEnøgTaMgGs; - tampÞH shKmn_ KøInik kEnøgeFVIkar pSar. 

karmak;gay EckecjCa 2 TRmg;FM²³ 

kar[enAÉeka b¤ karminrab;rk - edaysarxøacqøg ¬b¤ xøacGñkdéTdwg¦ 

kareFVI[Gam:as; nig karsþIbenÞas - edaysarEtkarsnμt;elI\riyabfpøÚvePTrbs;GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ 

elIsBIenHeTAeTot karmak;gayGacmanTRmg;Ca ³ 

karmak;gayxøÜnÉg - GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_benÞasxøÜnÉg nigeFVI[xøÜnÉgenAÉeka 

karmak;gaybnÞab;bnSM - GñkEdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ dUcCa smaCikRKYsar 

b¤ buKÁliksuxaPi)al k¾TTYlrgkarmak;gayEdr 

RsTab;énkarmak;gay - buKÁlmYycMnYn)anTTYlrgkarmak;gayrYceTAehIy ¬]> ®sþI GñkbeRmI 

esvakMsanþsb,ay bursRslaj;burs¦. enHbEnßmkarmak;gaymYyRsTab;eTot. 

46

CMBUk k 

karbBaÄb;karmak;gay tRmUv[mankarxitxMRbwgERbgy:ageRcIn BImnusSRKb;Kña. cMNuccab;epþIm KW 

RtUvpøas;bþÚrxøÜnÉgsin - eBalKWpøas;bþÚrrebobEdleyIgKit niyay nig eFVIskmμPaBCamYyGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_. eyIgRtUvcat;TukbBaða KWCabBaðarbs;eyIg edIm,IemIl[eXIjfa eyIgcaM)ac;RtUveFVIGVI 

mYy[mankarpøas;bþÚr. dMbUg eyIgcaM)ac;RtUvpøas;bþÚrGakb,kiriyarbs;eyIg - rebobEdleyIgKit 

GMBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

bnÞab;BIeyIg)anpøas;bþÚrxøÜnÉgehIy eyIgGaccab;epþImGb;rM nig sYrrkehtuplBIGñkdéT. vaRtUvkar 

PaBkøahan edIm,ItTl; nig RbQmCamYynwgGñkdéT enAeBlEdlBYkeKkMBugmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ k¾bu:Enþ karbMEbkPaBsb;esóm nig CRmuj[eKniyayedaycMh KWCaCMhanmYyd¾FM. 

niyayCamYyRKYsar nig mitþP½®kþrbs;Gñk nig CRmuj[GñkdwknaMshKmn_ niyaycMhRbqaMgnwgkar 

mak;gay. CYy[RKb;Kñabgðaj[eXIjbBaðaTaMgenH nig cat;Tuk\riyabfTaMgenH KWCa\riyabfEdl 

minGacTTYlyk)an. 

shkarCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nig pþl;karKaMRTdl;BYkeK. enAeBlEdlBYkeKKitfaGacTTYl 

yk)an BYkeKnwgebIkcMhCagmun edIm,IBiPakSaBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeKCamYyGñkdéT nig kareRbIR)as; 

esvanana. 

47

k>4 

kardak;eQμaHkarmak;gayenAkñúgbribTepSg²BIKña 






RKYsar 

dak;[enAedayELkBIeK - lak;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ enAbnÞb;xageRkam - eRbIERK PYy semøókbMBak; 

can nig GaharepSgBIeK. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_xøH RtUv)aneK 

beNþjecjBIpÞH. 

RKYsarraraMg®sþIpÞúkemeraKeGds_ min[ 

manTMnak;TMngCamYykUnrbs;xøÜn - 

bBa¢ÚnkUn[eTAenAqay. 

smaCikRKYsarrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

RtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCamnusS\tRbeyaCn_ - Elg[cUlrYmcMENkenAkñúgRKYsar)aneTot. 

)at;bg;TIkEnøg nig karTTYlsÁal;enAkñúgRKYsar - RtUv)aneKpat;ecjBIkarseRmccitþrbs;RKYsar. 

karbMBanBaküsmþI - bnþúHbg¥ab; nig benÞas edaysarnaMPaBGam:as;mk[RkumRKYsar. 

mnÞIreBTü¼KøInik 

buKÁliksgS½yGñkEdlemIleTAhak;bIdUcCamaneraK 

sBaØaCMgWeGds_ - xøacqøgCMgW. 

dak;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enAedayELkBIGñkdéT. bgçM 

[sñak;enAkñúgbnÞb;edayELk. 

minykcitþTukdak; kat;bnßykarb:HBal;GñkCMgWeGds_ 

Büa)alBYkeKcugeRkayeK nigpþl; {karBüa)alEtmin 

RKb;RCugeRCay}. 

karRbugRby½tñRCuleBk dUcCa - Bak;eRsaméd nigm:as 

2 Can; edIm,IBinitüCMgWGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

48

CMBUk k 


minrkSakarsmat; - buKÁliksuxaPi)alR)ab;erOgr:avrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_eTA[buKÁlik nigGñk 

CMgWdéTeTot. xSwbexSóv niyayedIm. 

shKmn_ 

xSwbexSov niyayedIm cg¥úlmux eFVICaGaNit 

GñkCitxagBüayamenAepSg b¤ eKcecjBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ - BYkeKQb;eTAelgCamYy nig 

Qb;pþl;Gahardl;RKYsarrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

benÞasRKYsarfaxVHsIlFm’ - min)anciBa©wm 

kUnEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_[)anRtwmRtUv nig 

Gb;rMkUn[)anl¥. 

minGnuBaØat[kUnrbs;xøÜn eTAelgCamYy 

kumarmkBIRKYsarrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

kEnøgeFVIkar 

niyayedIm nigenAqayBIGñkEdlxøÜn)an 

sgS½yfamanpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

GñkeFVIkargarCamYyKña minRBmGgÁúyCit b¤ 

eRbIEkv nigEBgrYmKñaCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_. 

GñkRKb;RKgBüayamrkkMhus b¤ rkels 

déTeTot CaehtupledIm,IbBaÄb;kargar 

rbs;buKÁlikpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUv)aneKbgçM[eFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ ehIybnÞab;mkbeNþjecjBI 

kargar. 

49

k>5 etIkarmak;gaymann½ydUcemþc? 


karBiPakSaGMBI niymn½yénkarmak;gay KYreFVIeLIgbnÞab;BIsikçakam mankaryl;dwgeRcInGMBIkar 

mak;gay tamkarBiesaFn_ kñúglMhat;TaMgenH. 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;emeronenH sikçakamnwgGacerobrab;)anBIGtßn½yrbs;karmak;gay nig GacelIkCa 

]TahrN_)an. 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 - 2 ema:g 

CMhan 

1> KMnitrbs;sikçakamGMBIkarmak;gay? ¬bMpusKMnit¦ ³ sYrfa {etIGñkKitfa {kar 

mak;gay} mann½yy:agdUcemþc?} kt;RtaKMnitrbs;BYkeK enAkñúgdüaRkamrgVg;xageRkam. 

xageRkamenH KWCa]TahrN_éndüaRkamEdlGacemIldUcKña. 

50

CMBUk k 

benÞaseK edaysar\riyabfminl¥ 

BüayamenAXøatqay 

eGayeKÉeka b¤ minrab;rk 

cat;TukeKCamnusSepSg 

cat;TukeKGn;CagxøÜnÉg 

Gtßn½yrbs; 

karmak;gay? 

ecosvagTMnak;TMngCamYyeK 

eFVIeGayGam:as; nig benÞas 

cat;TukdUcmnusSeRkARkum 

cat;TukeKminsMxan; 

efáaleTaseK fa)aneFVIeGayxUcTMlab;sgÁm 

2> karbgðaj ³ bnÞab;mk Bnül; nig BiPakSacMNucxageRkam³ 

karmak;gayKWCadMeNIrkarmYy EdleyIg ¬sgÁm¦ eFVI[ {xUcGtþsBaØaN} rbs;buKÁlmñak; b¤ buKÁlmYy 

Rkum. eyIgkMNt;BIPaBxusEbøkBIeK rbs;mnusSmñak; b¤ RkumNamYy ]TahrN_ PaBxusEbøkEpñk 

rUbragkay ¬]> karvivtþrUbragkayminRbRktI¦ \riyabfxusEbøkBIeK ¬]> GñkmanédKUrYmePTeRcIn¦ 

ehIybnÞab;mk cat;TukfaPaBxusEbøkBIeKenHfaCaGVImYyEdlGviC¢man - CasBaØaénkarGab;»nekrþ× 

eQμaH. enAkñúgkarkMNt; nig cat;TukfaPaBxusEbøkBIKñaCa {cMNucGaRkk;} TaMgenH)anpþl;[eyIgnUv 

ehtupl b¤ eFVI[eyIgmak;gayeK b¤ mnusSRkumenH. GñkEdlRtUv)aneKmak;gay)at;bg;muxmat; 

edaysarEt {sBaØaénPaBGam:as;} EdleKdak; [TaMgGs;enH ehIy EdlmnusSdéTeTotcat;Tukfa 

sBaØaenH faBYkeK)aneFVIGMeBI)ab b¤ man\riyabf GsIlFm’. 

karmak;gay KWCakareCO famnusSdéTxusEbøkBIeyIg tamEbbGviC¢man snμt;faBYkeK)aneFVIGVImYy 

GaRkk; b¤ xuspg. enAeBleyIgmak;gayeK eyIgsnñidæanfa BYkeKeFVI[xUcdl;TMenomTMlab;sgÁm 

ehIyKYrTTYlrg karGam:as;¼karefáaleTas b¤ eyIg [BYkeKenAedayELkBIeyIg edayniyayfa 

BYkeKKWCaeRKaHfñak;¼BYkeKCakarKMramkMEhgcMeBaHeyIg. 

51

k>5 

etIkarmak;gaymann½ydUcemþc? 

52 

karmak;gay KWCaCMenO EdleFVI[mankarerIseGIg nig eFVI[manPaBGyutþiFm’ kñúgkarRbRBwtþ¼karrab;Gan 

nrNamñak;. karmak;gayKWCakarmanCMenO karerIseGIgKWCaskmμPaB EdlCalT§plénkarmak;gay. 

lT§plénkarmak;gay nig karerIseGIg eFVI[mankarQWcab;xøaMg. 

kareRbIR)as;BaküsmþITaMgGs;enHcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ³ 

karmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ EckecjCa 2 TRmg;FM² - kar[enAÉeka¼karminrab;rk nig 

kareFVI[Gam:as;¼karbenÞas 

karmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ekIteLIgedaysarmUlehtu 2 FM² - 

karP½yxøac nig karminyl; ³ mnusSmindwgfaetIemeraKeGds_qøg nig minqøgedayrebobNa dUecñH 

edaysarP½yxøacqøg tamry³karb:HBal;CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ BYkeK[GñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_enAedayELk. 

karvinicä½yEpñksIlFm’ ³ mnusSdwgfa emeraKeGds_qøgtamry³karrYmePT b¤ karcak;eRKOgejón 

dUecñH BYkeKsnμt;fa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_qøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³skmμPaBTaMgenH dUecñH Gñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUv)aneKefáaleTascMeBaH\riyabfGsIlFm’. 

karmak;gay KWCadMeNIrkarmYy Edl - 

eyIgkMNt; nig dak;eQμaH[PaBxusEbøkKña rbs;GñkNamñak; EdleyIgsgS½yfamanemeraKeGds_ 

eyIg eFVIkarvinicä½yedayGviC¢manGMBInrNamñak; ¬]TahrN_ ¦ 

eyIg [mnusSmñak;enaHenAedayELk b¤ vinicä½y¼esIccMGkdak;eK - EbgEck {eK} BI {eyIg} 

GñkEdlrgkarmak;gay ¬RtUv)aneK[enAedayELk nig RtUv)aneKvinicä½y¦ )at;bg;muxmat; 

karmak;gayRtUv)ancat;TukfaCakarRtwmRtUv. mnusSKitfa kar[mnusSdéTenAedayELkBIeK nigeFVI 

[BYkeKGam:as;mux KWCaGVIEdlGacTTYlyk)an. BYkeKmindwgBIplb:HBal;mkelIGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ nigmkelIkarraldalemeraKeGds_enaHeLIy. 

karmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_KWCakarxusqÁgmYy EdlminGacTTYlyk)an¡ vaeFVI[GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_mankarQWcab; ehIylak;kM)aMgkarraldalemeraKeGds_. GñkEdlrgkarmak;gayenA 

sb;esóm nigminbgðajBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK[GñkdéTdwg dUecñH emeraKeGds_enAEtrkSakarcMlgBI 

mnusSmñak;eTAmñak;eTot. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mansiT§iTTYl)annUvkarkarBarBIkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg. 

eyIgcaM)ac;RtUvKaMRTGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ minEmnsþIbenÞasBYkeKenaHeT.

53 

CMBUk k

k>6 

TRmg; plb:HBal; nigmUlehtu 

énkarmak;gay ¬edImeQIbBaða¦ 


enHKWCalMhat;d¾l¥mYy edIm,IrMB¤keLIgvijnUvRKb;cMNucTaMgGs; Edl)aneronenAkñúglMhat;mun². lMhat; 

enHeRbIR)as;viFIsa®sþedImeQIbBaða edIm,IbegáItbBa¢ITRmg; plb:HBal; nig mUlehtu. bnÞab;mk sikçakam 

TaMgGs;GaceFVIkarviPaKbEnßmeTotelImUlehtuepSg² nig cab;epþImBinitüelIdMeNaHRsay. 

enAeBleFVIlMhat;enH GñkminGacsnμt;fa sikçakamTaMgGs; {minEdlmak;gayeK} enaHeT. sikçakam 

xøHGacniyayfa mUlehtuénkarmak;gayKWedaysarEt {\riyabfrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ - BYkeK 

KWCamnusSGaRkk; dUecñH BYkeKsmnwgTTYlkarmak;gayenaH}. GñkKYrkt;smÁal;TsSn³TaMgenH k¾dUcCa 

kareRbIPasamak;gay ehIy ykvamk BiPakSa. 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;)anBITRmg;epSg²énkarmak;gay nig plb:HBal;énkarmak;gay 

kMNt;)anBImUlehtumYycMnYn EdlCab¤sKl;énkarmak;gay nigdMeNaHRsayEdlGacman 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

karerobcM 

eRbIR)as;b½NÑ edIm,IbegáItrcnasm

CMBUk k 

TItaMg lkçN³ sMnYr 

elI plb:HBal; etIbBaðaTaMgenHb:HBal;dl;GñkEdlrgkarmak;gayy:ag 

dUcemþcxøH ¬]> kar[enAÉeka¦ 

kNþal TRmg; etIBYkeKeFVIGVIxøH enAeBlEdlBYkeKmak;gay? ¬]> ehAeQμaH¦ 

eRkam mUlehtu ehtuGVI)anCaeKmak;gaybursRslaj;burs? ¬]> xVH cMeNHdwg¦ 

edImeQIbBaða ³ sikçakamsresrcMnucepSg² enAelIb½NÑ ehIybiTb½NÑTaMgGs;enaHenAelICBa¢aMgdüaRkam 

edIm,IbegáItCa {bBaðaedImeQImYy} kñúgkarbgðajBITMrg;énkarmak;gay ¬edIm¦ plb:HBal; ¬edIm¼Fag¦ nig 

mUlehtu ¬b¤s¦. bnÞab;mkcMNucTaMgGs;RtUvBinitüemIl nigviPaK RtUv)anbBa©b;enA ¬b¤sKl;énbBaða¦. 

CMhan 

1> bMpusKMnitedayeRbIb½NÑ ¬CaKU¦³ EcksikçakamCaKU ehIy[b½NÑ nighVWteTABYkKat;[édKU 

nImYy² sresrcMNucenAelIb½NÑ. b½NÑmYysresrmYycMNuc. ehIybnÞab;mk ykb½NÑeTAbiTenA 

elIdüaRkamtamkRmitEdlKitfa smRsb. lubecalcMNucRcMEdl ehIydak;cMNucRsedog²KñacUl 

Kña. [kic©karenHeTAKUNa Edl)aneFVIehIymuneK. 

2> BiPakSa ¬rYm¦³ BinitümYykRmitmþg². edIm,IsnSMeBlevla [sikçakamGancMNuc ¬nImYy²¦ nig 

sYrsMNYr. b¤ [sikçakammñak;² ¬emIlCuMvij¦ edIm,Idak;eQμaHcMNucmYy EdlBYkeKKitfa caM)ac;RtUv 

KUsbBa¢ak;bEnßm. 

3> viPaKelImUlehtu nigrkdMeNaHRsay ¬kargarCaRkum¦³ lMhat;enH)anbegáItcMNucCaeRcIn 

Edl)ansresrkñúgb½NÑ EdlcaM)ac;RtUvmankarviPaKbEnßmeTot edIm,IemIl[)anRKb;RCugeRCay. 

RtUveFVI[mankarÉkPaBKñaelImUlehtusMxan;². bnÞab;mk EbgEckmUlehtunImYy² eTA[Rkum. 

[RkumnImYy²viPaKelImUlehturbs;xøÜn ¬-ehtuGVI)anCabBaðaenHKWCab¤sKl;énbBaða? etIvabgá[ 

mankarmak;gayrebobNa? [Ca]TarhN_ . 

bnÞab;mk [RkumrkdMeNaHRsay - {etIeyIgGaceFVIGVIxøH edIm,IedaHRsaymUlehtuTaMgenH?} 

55

k>6 

TRmg;plb:HBal;nigmUlehtu 







bTBiesaFn_énkarmak;gayGñkdéT 

kareFVI[Gam:as nigkarbenÞas³ vinicä½y eCr Rbmaf niyayedIm 

kar[enAÉeka³ minrab;rk pat;ecj minykcitþTukdak; eKcecj 

[jauM)ay¼enAkñúgbnÞb;epSgBIeK 

karmak;gayxøÜnÉg³ benÞasxøÜnÉg nigeFVI[xøÜnÉg 

ÉekaGs;sgÇwmelIxøÜnÉg 

karmak;gaybnÞab;bnSM³ RKYsar kUn sac;jati nig mitþP½®kþ 

rbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾TTYlrgkarmak;gaypgEdr 

plb:HBal;énkarmak;gay 

pÞal;xøÜn ¬plb:HBal;mkelIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_¦³ Gam:as; enAÉeka dkxøÜnecj manGarmμN_faRtUv 

)aneKTat;ecal )at;bg;témøxøÜnÉg siT§i ekrþ×eQμaH kþIsgÇwm manGarmμN_faxøÜn\t)ankar benÞasxøÜnÉg 

s¥b;xøÜnÉg TTYlykPaBRbfuyRbfanbEnßm manPaBtantwg xwg GMeBIhigSa ejóneRKOgRsvwg 

tb;Rbm:l; eFVIGtþXat. 

RKYsar³ CemøaHkñúgRKYsar karbenÞasKña nigvivaTKñaeTAvijeTAmk. ElglH b¤ enAepSgBIKña. RtUv)aneK 

beNþjecjBIpÞH. 

shKmn_³ RtUv)aneKbeNþjecjBIkargar RtUv)aneKbgçM[cakecjBIshKmn_ e)aHbg;ecalkarsikSa. 

karqøgraldalemeraKeGds_³ mineTAeFVIetsþQam nigminbgðajBIsßanPaBrbs;xøÜn. lak;kM)aMg 

sßanPaB cmøgemeraKeGds_y:agesómsat;eTAédKU. lT§pl³ emeraKeGds_qøgkan;EtelOnCagmun. 

56

CMBUk k 


mUlehtuénkarmak;gay 

karP½yxøac nig karxVHkaryl;dwg³ xøacqøgemeraK 

eGds_ tamry³karb:HBal;KñaCaFmμta QaneTAdl; 

kar[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enAedayELk nigminrab;rk 

BYkeK. CMenOBIkarbMBul karcmøg nigPaBmins¥ats¥M. 

P½yxøacqøg søab; GVIEdlmindwg. 

karvinicä½ysIlFm’³ cat;TukfaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_KW 

CaGñkEdl {KμansIlFm’} nigFVI[xUcdl;Tmøab;sgÁm. 

eynD½r nig PaBRkIRk³ ®sþI nigGñkRkrgkarmak;gayFn;FrCagburs nigGñkman. 

rUbragBIeRkA³ rUbragxageRkArbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ dUcCa sÁmsÁaMg manrmas;elIEs,k RtUv)an 

eKeRbIR)as;CaehtuplsRmab;karmak;gay. 

rUbPaBtamRbB½n§pSBVpSay³ rUbPaBGñksøab;KYr[xøac eFVI[mnusSTUeTAxøacGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

karviPaKbEnßmelImUlehtuénkarmak;gay 

karP½yxøac nigkarxVHkaryl;dwg 

kgVHkaryl;dwgsuICeRmAGMBIrebobqøgemeraKeGds_ eFVI[mankarP½yxøacqøgemeraKenH tamry³ 

karb:HBal;KñaFmμta ¬minEmnpøÚvePT¦ - dUecñH mnusSecosvagkarb:HBal;CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

dUcCakarb:HBal; karjauMrYmKña kareRbIcan kEnSgrYmKña CaedIm .l. 

karyl;RcLMEdlEtgEtekItmaneLIg dUcCa emeraKeGds_Gacqøgtamxül; b¤ qøgdUcCaCMgWesIr 

Es,k. 

BYkeKxøacfa RbsinebIBYkeKmanemeraKeGds_ GñkdéTeTotnwgBüayameKcecjBIBYkeK. 

eKsnμt;fa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Føak;xøÜnQW nigsøab;y:agqab;rh½s dUecñH CIvitmanRbeyaCn_rbs; 

BYkeKElgmanteTAeTot ehIyBYkeKKWCabnÞúkrbs;RKYsar. 

57

k>6 

TRmg;plb:HBal;nigmUlehtu 



karP½yxøac nig\riyabfrbs;buKÁliksuxaPi)al 

buKÁliksuxaPi)almancMeNHdwgenAmankRmitGMBIkarqøgrbs;emeraKeGds_ dUecñHBYkeKxøac 

minh‘anb:HBal;GñkCMgW dUcCa eBlBinitüeraKsBaØa ykvtßúviPaKQam .l. 

{edIm,IkarBarxøÜnÉg} BYkeKBüayamBüayamEsVgrkGñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ¬BYkeKniyayfa 

enHKWCasiT§irbs;BYkeK¦ ehIyBüayamkat;bnßyTMnak;TMngCamYyGñkCMgWEdlmaneraKeGds_ dUcCa 

bgçM[eFVIetsþ dak;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_kñúgbnÞb;edayELk eFVIsBaØasmÁal;elIÉksar semøók 

bMBak;rbs;BYkeK .l. 

tamry³kardak;BYkeK[enAedayELkBIGñkCMgWdéTeTot buKÁliksuxaPi)albgá[mankarP½y 

xøacdl;GñkdéT EdlenHbegáIt[mankarmak;gay. 

sIlFm’ nig TMenomTmøab;sgÁm 

TMenomTmøab;sgÁm tRmUv[mnusSeFVItamRbéBNIEdltwgruwg. eKsnμt;fa ebIGñkmanemeraKeGds_ 

mann½yfa GñkenaH)anFVI[b:HBal;dl;TMenomTmøab;TaMgenH ehIyGñkBak;B½n§nwgrbrrksuIpøÚvePT 

b¤kareRbIR)as;eRKOgejón EdlsuT§EtCaGMeBIGsIlFm’ - {emeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ = mux 

rbrrksuIpøÚvePT nigeRKOgejón = GMeBI)ab¡} 

bu:EnþminEmnsuT§EtGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TaMgGs; KWCaGñkbeRmIesvakMsanþsb,ay GñkrksuIpøÚvePT b¤ 

GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejóneLIy. 

Gñkcak;eRKOgejón TTYlrgkarmak;gayy:agFn;Fr - snμt;fa BYkeKRtUvlYceK edIm,I)anluyTij 

eRKOgejón b¤ BYkeKKWCaGñkEdlmanemeraKeGds_ 

eyIgeFVIkarvinicä½yeTAelImnusS edayEp¥keTAtamkarsnμt; b¤ karsgS½yGMBI\riyabfBIGtItkal 

rbs;BYkeK 

eyIgeFVIkarvinicä½yelImnusS edayEp¥keTAtamrebobEdlBYkeKqøgemeraKeGds_. GñkEdlqøg 

emeraKeGds_ {edaymindwgxøÜn} RtUv)aneKsmÁal;faCa {CnrgeRKaHKμankMhus}. 

58

CMBUk k 


rUbPaBGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ tamRbB½n§pSBVpSay 

buKÁlikEdleFVIkarkñúgRbB½n§pSBVpSay man\T§iBly:agxøaMgeTAelITsSn³rbs;saFarN³Cn 

CaerOy² buKÁlikrbs;RbB½n§pSBVpSayeRbIR)as;Bakümak;gay nigeRbIrUbPaBGviC¢manrbs;GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ 

rUbPaBGviC¢man KYr[P½yxøac nigKYr[rn§t; dUcCa k,alexμac suIr:agQam mQUs maneKalbMNg 

pøas;bþÚr\riyabf tamry³karbnøacmnusS EtpÞúyeTAvij vabegáItnUvkarP½yxøac nigkarmak;gay 

BuMmankarbu:nb:gNamYy edIm,I[mnusSbgðajBICMgWeGds_ niyayBIerOgr:avrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_EdlmanCIvitFmμta nigmansuxPaBl¥enaHeT. 

PaBRkIRk nig eynD½r 

GñkRkTTYlrgkarmak;gayrYceTAehIy edaysarEtBYkeKRk - GñkmanemIlgayGñkRk 

®sþIRkIRk RtUv)anPaBRkIRkbgçM[rksuIbeRmIesvapøÚvePT 

GñkRkEdlxVHGaharUbtßmÖ RtUv)aneKmak;gay edaysarEtrUbragrbs;BYkeK. BYkeKminGac 

lak;)aMgemeraKeGds_ dUcGñkmaneLIy. RtUvbgçMcitþeTAKøInikrdæ EdleFVI[eKdwgBIsßanPaBrbs; 

xøÜn. GñkmanGaclak;sßanPaBrbs;BYkeK)an edayeTArkevC¢bNÐitÉkCn. 

karcMNay nigbnÞúkemIlEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGs_ eFVI[RKYsarRkIRkkan;EtRkeTA. 

®sþITTYlrgkarmak;gayrYceTAehIy edaysarEtBYkeKKWCa®sþI - karqøgemeraKeGds_ eFVI[mankar 

mak;gaybEnßmBIelIkarmak;gayenHeTot. 

Tmøab;sgÁmmanPaBtwgruwgsRmab;®sþI. ®sþIRtUvmanédKUrYmePTEtmYy kñúgeBlEdlbursGacman 

édKUepSgeTot)an. dUecñH ®sþIEdlmanemeraKeGds_GacTTYlrgkarmak;gayeRcInCagburs. 

CaerOy² viFansIlFm’manmUldæanelIGsmPaBGMNac. viFanTaMgenH KWCaviFIdak;TNÐkmμelI 

Gñkp©aj;p©al;karRKb;RKgrbs;burselIpøÚvePTrbs;®sþI. bursCaGñkkMNt;GVIEdlGacTTYlyk 

)annigGVIEdlminGacTTYlyk)anBak;B½n§nwg\riyabfpøÚvePT. karmak;gaymanb£sKl; kñúg 

GsmßPaBrbs;®sþI. 

59

k>7 plb:HBal;énkarmak;gayelIGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ elIGñkEdlBak;B½n§epSg² 


lMhat;enHGaceRbIR)as; edIm,Ivaytémøplb:HBal;énkarmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraK eGds_mkelIGñkEdl 

mankarBak;B½n§epSg² nig mkelIkarraldalemeraKeGds_. lMhat;enHGaceRbIR)as;CaskmμPaBbEnßm 

eRkaylMhat; k>6> ¬edImeQIbBaða¦ EdlCalMhat;Bak;B½n§nwgplb:HBal;EdrenaH ¬bu:Enþ minlMGitdUc 

lMhat;enH¦. eKalbMNgsMxan;énkarepþatelIplb:HBal; KWedIm,ICYy[mnusSeXIjBIsar³sMxan;énkar 

bBaÄb;karmak;gay. 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;emeronenH sikçakamnwgGackMNt;BIplb:HBal;énkarmak;gayemeraKeGds_ mkelIGñk 

EdlmankarBak;B½n§epSg² nig mkelIkarraldalemeraKeGds_. 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

karerobcM 

dak;RkdaspÞaMgFMcMnYn 8 snøwk enAkEnøgepSg²BIKña tamCBa¢aMgbnÞb; edaysresrRbFanbTenA 

EpñkxagelIrbs;RkdasnImYy² dUcxageRkamenH³ - 1¦ GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 2¦ RKYsar 3¦ shKmn_ 

4¦ ®sþI 5¦ burs 6¦ kumar 7¦ esvasuxPaB 8¦ plb:HBal;mkelIkarraldalemeraKeGds_. 

CMhan 

60 

1> bMpusKMnitqøas;Kña³ Bnül;fa kic©karenHKWRtUvbegáItbBa¢Iénplb:HBal;rbs;karmak;gayemeraK 

eGds_mkelIRkumeKaledAepSg². Bnül;fa plb:HBal;mandUcCa³

CMBUk k 

plb:HBal;Pøam² dUcCa PaBGam:as; karenAÉekaBIeK nig 

plb:HBal;ry³eBlyUr dUcCa kar)at;bg;kargar kare)aHbg;ecalkarsikSa . 

EcksikçakamCaRkum EckRbFanbTmYy[RkumnImYy² nig[hVWteTABYkeK. [RkumsresrcMNuc 

elIRbFanbTrbs;BYkeK - {etIkarmak;gaymanplb:HBal;GVIxøH dl;RkumeKaledArbs;Gñk?} 3 naTI 

eRkaymk ERskfa {pøas;bþÚr¡} nig [Rkumpøas;eTAkan;RbFanbTbnÞab; ehIybEnßmcMNuc. bnþrhUt 

dl;RkumTaMgGs;)ansresrkñúgRKb;RbFanbT. 

2> raykarN_RtLb;mkvij³ BinitüeLIgvijelIRkdaspÞaMgFMnImYy² nigsYredIm,IbBa¢ak;bEnßm. 

bnÞab;mk segçb³ 

karmak;gaymanplb:HBal;epSg²CaeRcIn - mkelIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RKYsarrbs;BYkeK 

shKmn_ nigsßab½nsuxaPi)al. 

karmak;gayeFVI[manCemøaHekIteLIg nig eFVI[xUcdl;karR)aRs½yTak;Tg. 

karmak;gayeFVI[mankarxatbg;dl;esdækic© nig eFVI[RKYsarkan;EtRkIRkCagmun. 

PaBGam:as; EdlekIteLIgedaysarkarmak;gay b:HBal;dl;mnusSRKb;Kña - GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

RKYsarrbs;BYkeK shKmn_ nig sUm,IEtbuKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlEfTaMBYkeK. 

karmak;gaybgá[mankarbdiesFminRBmTTYlsÁal; - mnusSbdiesFminRBmTTYlfamanbBaða. 

]TahrN_énkareqøIytb 





GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_³ 

RBYy)armÖ enAÉeka RtUv)aneKpat;ecjBIRkum. TTYlrgkarsþIbenÞas nigkar 

vinicä½y edaysar\riyabfGsIlFm’. RtUv)aneKbeNþjecjBIpÞH. ElgGac 

rkcMNUl[RKYsar dUecñH manGarmμN_faxøÜn\t)ankar¼ \tRbeyaCn_. )at;bg; 

PaBÉkCn fycuHnUvtémøxøÜnÉg benÞasxøÜnÉg mankMhus Gam:as;. xøacmin 

ha‘anrkCMnYy nigesva. tb;Rbm:l; Gs;sgÇwm. h‘anRbfuyRbfan nig 

eFVsRbEhs. 

61

k>7 

plb:HBal;énkarmak;gayelIGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_elIGñkEdlBak;B½n§epSg² 


RKYsar³ 

PaBGam:as; )at;bg;kitþiys. sþIbenÞasGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ EdleFVI[xUckitþiysRKYsar. Gaf’kM)aMg - 

lak;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ min[GñkCitxagdwg. minRBmTTYlsÁal;famanbBaða. CemøaHkñúgRKYsar - 

sKña edaysar)at;bg;muxmat;rbs;RKYsar. karmak;gayBRgwgTMnak;TMngGMNacEdlmanRsab; - 

RbBn§RtUv)aneKbenÞasfaciBa©wm kUnmin)anl¥. xUcxatGaBah_BiBah_. )at;bg;cMNUl enAeBlEdlGñk 

rkcMNUlsøab;eTA. 

shKmn_³ 

karP½yxøac karniyayedIm kareFVI[Gam:as; nig eFVI[RKYsar EdleKdwgfamanCMgWeGds_ enAÉeka 

BIeK. 

®sþI³ 

karenAÉeka - plb:HBal;xøaMgCageKmkelI®sþI eRBaHkarKaMRTBIshKmn_ 

mansar³sMxan;y:agxøaMgcMeBaHBYkeK. benÞasxøÜnÉg fycuHtémøxøÜnÉg 

)at;bg;cMNUl nigkarKaMRTBIRKYsar nig mitþP½®kþ. bnÞúkbEnßménkarEfTaM 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. ®sþIRtUv)aneKbenÞas Edlmin)anciBa©wmkUnRbus¼ 

RsIEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_[)anl¥. rs;enAedayELkBIKña b¤ ElglH. 

mineTAeFVIetsþQam b¤ rkkarBüa)al. 

burs³ 

)at;bg;kargar muxmat; témøxøÜnÉg. manGarmμN_faCamnusS\t)ankar. dkxøÜnecjBITMnak;TMngsgÁm. 

mak;gayxøÜnÉg¼benÞasxøÜnÉg eBlxøHrHtudl;eFVIGtþXatxøÜnÉg. 

62

CMBUk k 


kumar³ 

TTYlrgPaBGam:as; nigRtUv)aneKpat;ecj 

edaysarEtCakUnEdlman«BukmþaypÞúkemeraK 

eGds_. eFVI[manGarmμN_faxøÜnmankMhus. 

)at;bg;karKaMRT nigkarEfTaM. mitþP½®kþminrab;rk. 

eFVI[xøÜnÉgenAÉeka. Gs;sgÇwm nigGs;CMenO 

sRmab;GnaKt. tb;Rbml; kumarxøHRtUvTTYl 

bnÞúkkøayCaGaNaBüa)al nigCaGñkrkcMNUl. 

)at;bg;kumarPaB - RtUv)aneKbgçM[TTYlykkar 

TTYlxusRtUvrbs;mnusSeBjv½y. 

esvasuxPaB³ 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Qb;eRbIesva - kareFVIetsþ karpþl;RbwkSa karBüa)al fñaMBnüarCIvit. xVHFnFan 

nig manbnÞúkkargarFn;Fr. karP½yxøac - buKÁliksuxaPi)alBüayameKcecjBIkargarEdlBak;B½n§nwg 

GñkCMgWeGds_. briyakassb;esóm CuMvijkarEfTaMsuxPaB. 

plb:HBal;elIkarqøgraldalemeraKeGds_³ 

karP½yxøacrgkarmak;gayraraMgmnusSmin[eTAeFVIetsþ - dUecñH BYkeK cmøgemeraKeGds_ edaymindwg 

xøÜn eTAkan;édKUpøÚvePTrbs;BYkeK. karP½yxøacTTYlrgkarmak;gayraraMgGñkEdl sgS½yfaxøÜnman 

emeraKeGds_ min[TTYl)anesvaBüa)al nig TTYlkarRbwkSa. 

63

k>7 

plb:HBal;énkarmak;gayelIGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_elIGñkEdlBak;B½n§epSg² 

3> dMeNIrkarbnþ ³ BinitüeLIgvijelIcMNuc EdlniyayBIrebobEdlkarmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

b:HBal;dl;karqøg raldalemeraKeGds_ nig kareRbIesvaemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_. 



niyay. 

karP½yxøacrgkarmak;gay 

raraMgmnusSmin[dwgBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK tamry³kareFVIetsþ nigminelIkTwkcitþ 

BYkeK[R)ab;édKUrbs;xøÜn EdleFVI[BYkeKcmøgemeraKeGds_eTAédKUrbs;xøÜn. 

raraMgmnusSEdlsgS½yfaxøÜnpÞúkemeraKeGds_ min[TTYl)anesvaBüa)al nig TTYlRbwkSa. 

lak;kM)aMgemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_¡ mnusSbgçMcitþbþÚrCIvitrbs;xøÜn edIm,IkuM[eKdwg nigminrgkar 

mak;gay. 

müa:geTot RbsinebIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TTYl)ankþIGaNitGasUr karKaMRT nigkarEfTaM BYkeKnwg 

eTAeFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ R)ab;BIkarBitdl;RKYsarrbs;BYkeK nigmankarRbugRby½tñeday 

suvtßiPaBenAkñúgkarTMnak;TMngpøÚvePTrbs;BYkeK. 

64

65 

CMBUk k

k>8 

karP½yxøacTTYlrgkarmak;gay eFVI[karqøg 

emeraKeGds_kan;Etmanel,ÓnelOn ¬erOg¦ 


enHKWCalMhat;sRmab;eRCIserIs edIm,ICYysikçakam[yl;BIrebobEdlkarP½y xøacTTYlrgkarmak;gay 

CRmujkarqøgraldalemeraKeGds_kan;EtelOn. karP½yxøacEbbenHraraMgmnusSmin[eFVIetsþQam 

rkemeraKeGds_ nig R)ab;édKUrbs;BYkeK. dUecñH BYkeKcmøgemeraKeGds_ eTAkan;édKUrbs;BYkeK. 

eKalbMNg 

sikçakamnwgGacemIleXIjBIrebobEdlkarP½yxøacTTYlrgkarmak;gay eFVI[mnusSEdlsgS½yfa 

xøÜnmanemeraKeGds_ lak;sßanPaBrbs;xøÜn ehIyenHeFVI[édKUrbs;BYkeKRbQmnwgeRKaHfñak;. 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> sUmGanerOgxageRkam - 

sgðarKWCayuvCnmñak; EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_. bnÞab;BI)andwgfaKat;manemeraKeGds_ Kat;)an 

lak;erOgenH. Kat;RsLaj;narImñak;eQμaHcan; bu:Enþ mindwgfaRtUvR)ab;nagfaKat;manemeraKeGds_ 

edayrebobNaeT. mYyry³ eRkaymk can;manépÞeBaH. sgðarmankarRBYy)armÖy:agxøaMgxøacnag 

manemeraKeGds_. can;eTABinitüépÞeBaH ehIyeRkayBIkareFVIetsþQam eKR)ab;nagfa nagKμan 

emeraKeGds_eLIy. sgðarsb,aycitþy:agxøaMgGMBIB½t’manenH ehIyenAeBlEdlkUnekItmk eKk¾Kμan 

emeraKeGds_Edr. sgðarcg;erobkarCamYycan; bu:Enþ mindwgCaRtUvR)ab;nagBIkarBitedayrebobNa. 

2> karBiPakSarYm³ 

ehtuGVI)anCasgðarRBYy)armÖ minh‘anR)ab;can; GMBIsßanPaBrbs;Kat;? 

66

CMBUk k 

etIGñkKitfa sgðarGacR)ab;can;faKat;manemeraKeGds_edayrebobNa? 

enAeBlEdlcan;dwgerOgBit etInagnwgeFVIGVIxøH - etInagnwgerobkarCamYyKat; b¤ cakecjBIKat;? 

3> karBiPakSaRkum³ EcksikçakamCa 4 Rkum - Rkum k nig x BiPakSaGMBIGVIEdlsgðarKYreFVI Rkum K 

nig X BiPakSaGMBIGVI Edlcan;KYreFVI. bnÞab;mk erobcMkarraykarN_RtLb;mkvij. 

4> karBiPakSarYm³ 

etIkarmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_b:HBal;dl;karbgðajBIsßanPaBBitR)akd nig kareRbIR)as; 

esvaemeraKeGds_edayrebobNa? 

etIkarmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ eFVI[mankarbnþkarqøgraldalemeraKeGds_eday 

rebobNa? 



niyay. 

karP½yxøacTTYlrgkarmak;gay raraMgmnusSmin[eFVIskmμPaBsmRsb dUecñH BYkeKGaccmøgemeraK 

eGds_eTAGñkdéTeTot. karP½yxøacEbbenHraraMgmnusSmin[EsVgyl;BIsßanPaBrbs;xøÜn nigR)ab; 

eTAédKUrbs;xøÜn. 

karP½yxøacTTYlrgkarmak;gayraraMgmnusS EdlsgS½yfaxøÜnmanemeraKeGds_ min[³ 

eFVIetsþQamrksßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;xøÜn. 

bgðajBIsßanPaBrbs;xøÜn[édKUdwg³ sgðarminh‘anR)ab;can; edayxøac)at;bg;nag RbsinebIKat; 

R)ab;nag dUecñHKat;enArkSaGaf’kM)aMg. enHeFVI[can;gayqøgemeraKeGds_. 

TTYl)ankarBüa)alCMgW»kasniym. 

bgðajBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_ nig TTYl)ankarpþl;RbwkSa karEfTaM nig karKaMRT. edaysar 

karmak;gay mnusSminh‘an[GñkdéTdwgBIsßanPaBrbs;xøÜneLIy. dUecñH BYkeKGacecosvag 

minTTYlrgkarmak;gay bu:Enþ BYkeKenAEtmanCMgW rkSaPaBesómsat; nig enAÉeka. 

karP½yxøacTTYlrgkarmak;gayeFVI[emeraK¼CMgWeGds_bnþraldaly:agGaf’kM)aMg¡ 

mü:agvijeTot RbsinebIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TTYl)ankþIGasUr karKaMRT nigkarEfTaM BYkeKnwgeTAeFVI 

etsþbgðajBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_dl;RKYsarrbs;BYkeK nigmankarRbugRby½tñkñúgTMnak;TMngpøÚvePT 

rbs;BYkeK. 

67

k>9 karsYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay 


enAkñúglMhat;enH sikçakamnwgeFVIkarsEmþgtYxøI² edIm,IbgðajfaetIkarmak;gay ekIteLIgedayrebob 

Na ehIybnÞab;mk eFVIkarsEmþgtYbEnßmeTot edIm,IbgðajBIrebobsYrrkehtuplénkarmak;gay. 

lMhat;enHeRbIR)as;bec©keTs 2 EdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYyKña ³ k>¦ karsEmþgtYCaKU x>¦ kar 

sEmþgQb;-cab;epþIm. 

lMhat;enHKWCaskmμPaBbnþbnÞab;BIKña. enAeBlEdlsikçakam)anbegáItédKUrYcehIy BYkeKKYrbnþenA 

CaédKUenHdEdl kñúgeBleFVIlMhat;enH. 

eKalbMNg 

enAeBlbBa©b;emeronenH sikçakamnwg ³ 

bgðaj)anBIrebobEdleyIgmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nig GñkCMgWeGds_ b¤ RKYsarrbs; 

BYkeK 

begáIt)annUvyuT§sa®sþ edIm,IeFVIGnþraKmn_RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB nig sYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

viFIsa®sþ³ 

viFIsa®sþenHmanbec©keTssEmþgcMnYn 2³ 

k¦ karsEmþgtYCaKU³ sikçakamsEmþgtYCaKU edIm,IbgðajBITRmg;Cak;lak;énkarmak;gay. RKb;édKUTaMgGs; 

sEmþgkñúgeBlCamYyKña. enHeFVI[sikçakamminsUvcab;GarmμN_cMeBaHkarsEmþg. eRkaykarsEmþg 

68

CMBUk k 

tYrbs;édKUnImYy²rYcmk [KUsμ½RKcitþ 2-3 KU eLIgsEmþgtY enAcMkNþalrgVg; edIm,I[RkumTaMgmUl 

GacemIleXIjTaMgGs;Kña. bnÞab;mk RkumelIkeLIgnUvyuT§sa®sþ edIm,IsYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay - 

ehIysikçakam 2-3 nak;sEmþgyuT§sa®sþnImYy² edayeRbIR)as; {karsEmþgQb;-cab;epþIm} enA 

kñúgrgVg;. 

x¦ karsEmþgQb;-cab;epþIm³ sikçakam 2-3 nak;sEmþgyuT§sa®sþnImYy² - QutEdlbgðajBIkarmak;gay 

RtUv)ansEmþgmþgeTot bnÞab;mk mansikçakammñak;eFVIGnþraKmn_ edIm,IsYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay. 

bnÞab;BIQut {sYrrk ehtupl} nImYy²rYc RkumbeBa©jeyabl;GMBIPaBsaksm b¤ PaBR)akdniym 

rbs;yuT§sa®sþ. RbsinebIBYkeKseRmcfa karsYrrkehtuplEbbenHKμanRbsiT§PaB sikçakamepSg 

eTotGacsakl,gyuT§sa®sþdéTeTot edIm,IsYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay rhUtTal;Etdl;yuT§sa®sþ 

EdlmanRbsiT§PaB. bnÞab;mk GñksRmbsRmYlENnaMTRmg; bnÞab;énkarmak;gay ehIykarsEmþg 

tYCaKUcab;epþImmþgeTot .l. 

CMhan 

1> karENnaM³ Bnül;fa vKÁenHmaneKalbMNgGnuvtþrebobsYrrkehtuplénkarmak;gay enAeBl 

EdleyIgeXIjkarmak;gayenAkñúgCIvitrbs;eyIg. sikçakamnwgsEmþgkrNImak;gayxageRkam ¬b¤ 

suINarIy:UepSgeTot EdlBYkeKelIkeLIg¦ ehIybnÞab;mk EsVgrkGnþraKmn_ edIm,IsYrrkehtupl 

karmak;gay³ 

suINarIy:U k³ «BukmþayR)ab;kUnRbus¼RsIEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ [eKg nig TTYlTan edayELkBIeK 

suINarIy:U x³ m©as;etomEtRbmafGtifiCnEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIy[Kat;ecjBIhag 

suINarIy:U K³ m©as;Rkumh‘unbeNþjnieyaCitecjBIkargar enAeBlEdlKat;dwgfanieyaCitmñak;enaH 

manemeraKeGds_ 

suINarIy:U X³ «Bukmþaydak;sm

k>9 

karsYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay 

¬karsEmþgQb;-cab;epþIm¦ 

2> karcab;epþImkarsEmþgtY - enHRKan;EtCaEl,gfamBlrIkray 

edIm,IbgðajBIbec©keTs³ 

pþl;karENnaMdUcxageRkam ³ 

TaMgGs;KñaeRkakQr nig EsVgrkédKUmñak;mYy. EbrmuxcMédKUrbs;Gñk. PaKI k KWCabþI ehIy PaKI x 

KWCaRbBn§. édKUnImYy²ÉkPaBKñafaGñkNaCaPaKI k GñkNaCaPaKI x ¬rg;caMrhUtdl;eBlEdl 

BYkeKseRmccitþrYc¦ 

sßanPaBKW³ bþI)anvilRtLb;mkpÞHvij bnÞab;BI)anecjBIpÞHeBjmYyyb;mk. RbBn§Rbtikmμtbeday 

kMhwg. sEmþg¡ 

BIrnaTIeRkaymk [édKU 2-3 bgðajkarsEmþgtYrbs;BYkeK enAcMkNþalrgVg;. 

3> Qut k³ 

\lUvenH eyIgBüayamsakl,gQutTI 1 ¬«BukmþayR)ab;kUnRbus¼RsIEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ [ 

eKg nigTTYlTanedayELkBIeK¦. ÉkPaBenAkñúgédKUnImYy² - GñkNaCa«Buk b¤Camþay ¬k¦ nig 

GñkNaCakUnRbus¼RsI ¬x¦ . ¬rg;caMrhUtdl;édKUTaMgGs;seRmccitþehIy¦ «Buk b¤ mþay - tYnaTI 

rbs;Gñk KWRtUvR)ab;kUnRbus¼kUnRsIfa GñkRBYy)armÖxøacsmaCikRKYsarqøgCMgWeGds_enH dUecñH kUn 

EdlmanemeraKeGds_KYreKg nig TTYlTan edayELkBIeK. {sEmþg¡} 

Tuk[karsEmþgtY dMeNIrkareTAcMnYn 3 naTI. bnÞab;mk ERsk {Qb;¡} nig [édKUmYybgðajkar 

sEmþgtY enAcM kNþal. enAeBlbBa©b; sYrfa {etImanGVIekIteLIg? etIvaR)akdniymEdrb¤eT?} RbsinebI 

RkumÉkPaBfa QutenH minmanPaBR)akdniym GeBa¢IjsikçakammYyKUeTot [eFVIkarsEmþg. enAeBl 

EdlmankarbgðajBIkarmak;gay )anl¥ehIy [RkumelIkeLIgBIyuT§sa®sþ edIm,IsYrrkehtuplkar 

mak;gayenH. bnÞab;mk sEmþgQutenHeLIgvij ehIy[ {GñksYrrkehtupl} ¬]> smaCikRKYsar 

mñak;eTot¦ edIm,IeFVIGnþraKmn_. enAcugbBa©b; BiPakSa³ {etIGnþraKmn_enHmanRbsiT§PaBEdrb¤eT?} 

ebIminmanRbsiT§PaB GeBa¢Ijsikçakammñak;eTotsYrrkehtuplénkar mak;gay enAkñúgkarsEmþgtY 

eLIgvij. 

bnþsEmþgrhUtdl;RkumÉkPaBelIyuT§sa®sþEdll¥ edIm,IsYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay. 

70

CMBUk k 

4> QutfμI ³ [RkumeRCIserIsQutmYy kñúgcMeNamQutdéTeTot ¬BI x dl; g¦. bnÞab;mk eFVItamdMeNIr 

kardUcmun. 

5> dMeNIrkarbnþ ³ enAcugbBa©b; BiPakSa - 

GñkEdlsEmþgCaGñkRtUveKmak;gay etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc? 

etIeyIgeronecHGVIxøH GMBIrebobsYrrkehtuplénkarmak;gay enAeBlEdleyIgeXIjkar 

mak;gayekIteLIg? 






etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc enAeBlEdlGñkeFVICaGñkTTYlrgkarmak;gay? 

´manGarmμN_fa eKcat;TukĆaCneRkAsgÁm ÉlgCasmaCikRKYsarenHeTotehIy. 

´xwgy:agxøaMg QWcab;y:agxøaMg. ćg;rt;eTA[qay nig lak;xøÜnmin[eKeXIj. 

yuT§sa®sþsRmab;sYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay 

niyayCamYyGñkmak;gayeK kñúglkçN³CaÉkCn minEmnCasaFarN³eLIy edIm,IkuM[eK)ak;mux. 

kuMGak;Gn;citþ. rkSaPaBsb;esóm nig bnþPaBsuPaBrabsar. 

kuMriHKn;Gñkmak;gayeK. 

CYyGñkmak;gayeK [dwgBIGarmμN_ enAeBlTTYlrgkarmak;gayEbbenH. 

pþl;GMNac[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ niyaytMNag[xøÜnÉg. 

[smaCikdéTeTotrbs;RKYsar CYysYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay. 

71

k>10 

eRbobeFobemeraKeGds_¼ 

CMgWeGds_ nig CMgWdéTeTot 


lMhat;enHtRmUv[sikçakam eFVIkareRbobeFobkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nig karmak;gay 

cMeBaHGñkEdlmanCMgWdéTeTot. eKalbMNgKWedIm,I[emeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_køayCaCMgWFmμta nig 

cat;Tukvafa CaCMgWEdlGacRKb;RKg)an. 

eKalbMNg 


eRbobeFob)anemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ CamYyCMgWdéTeTot EdlTTYlrgkarmak;gay 

CYy[sikçakamcat;Tuk)anemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ dUcCaCMgWdéTeTot EdlGacRKb;RKg)an 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

30 naTI 

karerobcM³ 

KUstarag ¬xageRkam¦ enAelIRkdaspÞaMgFM. enAelIRkdasnImYy² bMeBjcMNgeCIgxagelI nig 

cMNgeCIg ¬CMgW¦ kñúgKUeLanxageqVg. 

! 

CMhan 

72 

1> karENnaM³ Bnül;falMhat;enHmaneKalbMNg EsVgyl;BImUlehtu EdleFVI[emeraKeGds_¼ 

CMgWeGds_ TTYlrgkarmak;gayy:agFn;FrEbbenH edayeFVIkareRbobeFobkarmak;gayemeraKeGds_ 

CamYykarmak;gaysRmab;CMgWdéTeTot.

CMBUk k 

2> karviPaKtarag ³ EcksikçakamCaRkum EdlmanKña 3 b¤ 4 nak; ehIy Eck[RkumnImYy² nUvRkdas 

pÞaMgFMmYysnøwk EdlmantaragxagelIminTan;bMeBj. [RkumbMeBjtaragenH. bgðajBYkeKfa etI 

RtUvcab;epþImedayrebobNa - ehIybnÞab;mk Tuk[BYkeKeFVIedayxøÜnÉg. 

3> raykarN_RtLb;mkvij³ [RkumnImYy²biTtaragrbs;BYkeKenAelICBa¢aMg ehIybnÞab;mk[ 

sikçakameFVIkareRbobeFoblT§pl. 

4> dMeNIrkarbnþ³ {ehtuGVI)anCaCMgWxøHTTYlrgkarmak;gay eRcInCagCMgWdéTeTot?} eRbIR)as;cemøIy 

BItaragtamRkum ¬pþl;cemøIybEnßm ecjBItaragKMrUxageRkam ebIcaM)ac;¦ . 

etImUlehtu EdleFVI[mankarmak;gayGñkCMgWeGds_ eFVI[mankarP½nþRcLMEdrb¤eT? 

naeBlbc©úb,nñenH CMgWeGds_RtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCa {karkat;eTasRbharCIvit} edaysarKμanfñaM 

Büa)al. enAeBlEdlmnusSmñak;eFVIeraKvinicä½ydwgfamanemeraKeGds_ mnusSmñak;enaHRtUv)an 

eKcat;Tukfa)ansøab;rYceTAehIy. bu:EnþkarBüa)aledayeRbIfñaMRbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_ Gac 

begáItPaBsauMeLIgvij nig eFVI[mnusSmñak;enaHGacrs;enA)anyUr. 

emeraKeGds_ RtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCaemeraKqøg dUc emeraKrebg b¤ emeraKCMgWXøg; EdlCaCMgW 

qøgtamxül;Edr. bu:Enþ CMgWeGds_minqøgtamEbbenHeLIy. 

5> segçb³ ³ bBa©b;emeronedayeFIVesckþIsegçbcMNucsMxan;² Edlsikçakam)anelIkeLIgkñúglMhat;. 


niyay. GñkmanCMgWeGds_TTYlrgkarmak;gaykRmitx

k>10 

eRbobeFobemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_nigCMgWdéTeTot 

taragKMrU 

CMgW 

kRmiténkar 

mak;gay 

GVIxøHEdleKniyay 

GMBIGñkEdlmanCMgWenH 

GarmμN_ 

rbs;GñkmanCMgW 

mUlehtuEdleFVI[ 

mankarmak;gay 

emeraK 

eGds_¼ 

CMgWeGds_ 

x

CMBUk k 

taragKMrU 

CMgW 

kRmiténkar 

mak;gay 

GVIxøHEdleKniyay 

GMBIGñkEdlmanCMgWenH 

GarmμN_ 

rbs;GñkmanCMgW 

mUlehtuEdleFVI[ 

mankarmak;gay 

Twkenam 

Ep¥m 

Tab 

KμankarP½yxøac¼ karmak; 

gay cMeBaHGñkCMgWKμaneRKaH 

fñak;dl;GñkdéT 

minGacBüa)al)an - 

caM)ac;RtUvkar kar 

Büa)alCabnþ - bu:Enþ 

Kμankarmak;gay 

Xøg; mFüm Xøg; eKminrab;rk 

eRKaHfñak; 

cMeBaHGñkdéT 

minBak;B½n§CamYykar 

rYmePT \lUvmanfñaM 

bu:EnþvaenAEtCaCMgWqøg 

75

CMBUkx³ 

karyl;dwgbEnßm 

nigkarbnßykarP½yxøac 

esckþIepþIm 

éfmYy mþaydwgfakUnRbusrbs;xøÜnkMBugeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón. RKb;KñaenAkñúgRKYsar)anR)ab;Kat; [beNþj 

kUnRbusmñak;enHecjBIpÞH bu:EnþKat;minRBm. Kat;emIlEfva cm¥inGahar[va nigBüayameFVI[vaQb;eRbI 

eRKOgejón. bu:Enþ 6 Ex eRkaymk vaFøak;xøÜnQW ehIyKat;dwgfa vapÞúkemeraKeGds_. Kat;)anykvaeTA 

mnÞIreBTü edayTukvaenATIenaHrg;caMesckþIsøab;. CIvitrbs;va)anbBa©b; ehIyParkic©cm,grbs;Kat;KWRtUv 

karBarRKYsar. 

erOgenH KWCa]TahrN_mYyénkarerIseGIg edaysarkarP½yxøac. mþaymin)ane)aHbg;kUnRbusecaleLIy 

enAeBlEdlvakMBugeRbIeRKOgejón bu:EnþKat;lHbg;vaecalenAeBlEdlvaqøgemeraKeGds_edaysar³ 

karP½yxøacminRtwmRtUv faRKYsarenHnwgqøgemeraKenHEdr nig 

CMenOminRtwmRtUvfa karqøgemeraKeGds_eFVI[søab;Pøam². 

CMBUkenHnwgepþatelIkarP½yxøac nigkgVHkaryl;dwgBak;B½n§nwgemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ CaBiess karxøac 

qøgtamry³ {karTMnak;TMngFmμta} CamYyGñkEdlmanemeraKeGds_. CMBUkenHepþatCasMxan;elIkarP½yxøac 

TI 2 - karP½yxøac famnusSGacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³kareRbITIkEnøg jauMGahar can kEnSg nigbgÁn;rYm 

KñaCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

76

CMBUkenHk¾nwgepþatelIkareqøIytbrbs;mnusScMeBaHkarP½yxøacenHpgEdr dUcCa kardak;[enAedayELk nig 

karkRmitTMnak;TMngsgÁm CamYyGñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_. enHKWCaTRmg;énkarbgáar - yuT§sa®sþ edIm,I 

karBarRKYsarmin[qøgemeraKeGds_. RKYsarmYycMnYn EfmTaMgTijcan EBg eRKOgeRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH)ay 

kEnSg nigkRmalBUkbEnßm sRmab;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_eRbIdac;edayELkeTotpg. BYkeKbgçM[GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_TTYlTan nigeKgedayELkBIeK ehIyykkUnecjqayBIBYkeK. bu:EnþkareqøIytbEbbenH BuM 

manehtuplEpñkevC¢sa®sþeLIy. vabEnßmsm

78 

mnusSdwgtictYc bu:EnþminTan;RKb;RKan; edIm,ICYyBYkeKedaHRsaykarP½yxøacGMBICMgWeGds_ )ansmehtupl 

eLIy. BYkeKminyl;fa etIemeraKeGds_qøgBitR)akdtamrebobNa. karyl;xusrYmman³ BYkeKdwgfa 

emeraKeGds_qøgtamry³karrYmePT nigkarcak;eRKOgejón bu:EnþBYkeKk¾KitpgEdrfa emeraKeGds_qøg 

tamry³ {TMnak;TMngFmμta} dUcCa karb:HBal; karenAekokKña b¤ karTTYlTanGahar nigkareRbIPYyrYmKña ³ 

GñkxøHsnμt;fa emeraKeGds_KWCaCMgWqøgtamxül; dUcCa CMgWrebg CMgWpþasay b¤ CaCMgWesIrEs,kCaedIm 

GñkxøHsnμt;fa emeraKeGds_Gacrs;enAelIEs,krbs;mnusS mðÚbGahar semøókbMBak; b¤ canbgÁn; - 

BYkeKmindwgfa emeraKeGds_gab;Pøam bnÞab;BIenAeRkAsarBagÁkaymnusSenaHeT 

GñkxøHminyl;fa emeraKeGds_RtUvenAxagkñúgsarBagÁkayrbs;Gñk edIm,IeFVIkarcmøgenaHeT. kar 

rYmePT nigkarcak;eRKOgejón GaceFVI[mankarqøgemeraKeGds_ bu:EnþTMnak;TMngsgÁmFmμta² min 

Gac[emeraKeGds_cUlkñúgxøÜnrbs;GñkeLIy. 

CMBUkenHnwgCYyGb;rMmnusSeLIgvijBIB½t’manCamUldæanGMBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_ edIm,I[mnusSmanB½t’man 

RtwmRtUv nigmankaryl;dwgy:ageBjelj sRmab;CMnHkarP½yxøac nigCMenOminRtwmRtUv EdleCOfaemeraK 

eGds_Gacqøgtamry³ TMnak;TMngFmμta. kñúgeBlCamYyKña CMBUkenHnwgCYyBYkeK[emIleXIjfa karTuk[ 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enAqay nigkarkMhwtTMnak;TMngsgÁmCamYyBYkeK KWCakarmak;gay. 

CMBUkenHk¾nwgsRmaykaryl;xus EdlfalT§plemeraKeGds_viC¢man mann½yfaCakarsøab;Pøam² pgEdr. 

enAeBlEdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RtUv)aneKR)ab;y:agdUecñH BYkeK)ak;Twkcitþy:agelOn ehIyKμankarts‘U.

lMhat; 

x>1> )a:n;RbmaNcMeNHdwgGMBIemeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_ 

x>2> karP½yxøacGMBIemeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_ 

x>3> karP½yxøacGMBIkarTMnak;TMngFmμta 

x>4> karyl;xusGMBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_ 

x>5> cMeNHdwgGMBIkarrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_ 

]bsm

x>1 )a:n;RbmaNcMeNHdwgGMBI 

emeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ 

80 


lMhat;TaMgenHmaneKalbMNgCYysikçakam[dwgBIkRmitcMeNHdwgrbs;BYkeK nig Kmøaténkaryl;dwg 

rbs;BYkeK Bak;B½n§nwgemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_. 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;vKÁenH sikçakamnwgGackMNt;BIGVIEdlBYkeKdwg nigGVIEdlBYkeKmindwgGMBIemeraKeGds_ 

nig CMgWeGds_. 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

viFIsa®sþ 2 y:ag edIm,I)a:n;RbmaNcMeNHdwg 

¬sUmeRbIEtlMhat;mYybu:eNÑaH kñúgcMeNamlMhat;TaMgenH¦ 

eRbIsnøwkB½t’man QQR - KuNPaB (quality) brimaN (quantity) pøÚvcmøg (route of transmission)- 

¬manenAxag cug x>3>¦ CaFnFan sRmab;eqøIynwgsMNYr. 

k> karbMpusKMnitGMBIGVI EdleyIgdwgGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ 

dak;RkdaspÞaMgFM enAtamkEnøgepSg² elICBa¢aMgbnÞb; nig sresrRbFanbTmYy enAEpñkxagelIrbs; 

Rkdas nImYy² ³ 

GVIeTACaemeraKeGds_? 

GVIeTACaCMgWeGds_? 

etIemeraKeGds_xusBICMgWeGds_Rtg;NaxøH? 

etIemeraKeGds_qøgtamrebobNa? 

etICMgWeGds_maneraKsBaØaGVIxøH?

CMBUk x 

viFIbgáaremeraKeGds_ 

etImnusSmñak;Gacrs;enAedaypÞúkemeraKeGds_ edayrebobNa? 

etIGñkmanKMnitGVIxøHGMBIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_? 

[sikçakameFVIkargarCaKU edIrCuMvij nigsresrelIRkdaspÞaMgFMnImYy² edayepþatelI³ 

GVIEdlBYkeKdwgGMBIRbFanbT nig 

sMNYr karRBYy)armÖ b¤ karP½yxøac. bnÞab;mk emIltamRkdasnImYy² ehIyeqøIynwgsMNYr 

karRBYy)armÖ b¤ B½t’manminRtwmRtUv. 

x> GVIEdleyIgcg;dwgGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds__ 

EcksikçakamCaKU nigEckb½NÑTeTcMnYn 5 [édKUnImYy² eday[édKUsresrelIb½NÑnImYy²GMBIsMNYr 

EdlBYkeKcg;)ancemøIyGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ ehIybiTb½NÑTaMgenaHelICBa¢aMg. dkb½NÑ 

EdlRsedogKñaecj. bnÞab;mk BiPakSasMNYrnImYy² eday[sikçakampþl;CaKMnit. CYyeqøIybMPøW 

B½t’manEdlminRtwmRtUv. 


etIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_xusKñaRtg;NaxøH? 

etIemeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_maneraKsBaØaGVIxøH? 

etIvdþCIviténemeraKeGds_manry³eBlbu:nμan? 

etIsarFaturavGVIBIsarBagÁkay EdlmankMhab;emeraKeGds_x lMhat;sMNYrRtUv-xus- etI´dwgGVIxøHGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ 

EckRkdassMNYr EdlmanenAcugCMBUkenH. bnÞab;mkBiPakSasMNYrEdlsikçakammankarP½nþRcLM 

elIcemøIyRtLb;. 

81

x>2 karP½yxøacGMBIemeraKeGds_ 

nigCMgWeGds_ 

eKaledA 

enAcugbBa©b;vKÁenH sikçakamnwgGacerobrab;GMBIkarP½yxøac EdlBYkeKmancMeBaHemeraKeGds_ nig 

CMgWeGds_ nig rebobEdlkarP½yxøacrbs;BYkeKb:HBal;dl;kareqøIytbrbs;BYkeK cMeBaHGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_. 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

2 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> karP½yxøacGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ ¬RbmUlKMnit edayeRbIb½NÑ¦³ Eckb½NÑ nig 

[sikçakammñak;²sresr karP½yxøacCageKrbs;BYkeKcMnYn 3 GMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ - 

sresrkarP½yxøacmYy elIb½NÑmYy. biTb½NÑTaMgenHenAelICBa¢aMg dkb½NÑdEdl²ecj nigdak; 

cMNucRsedogKñabBa©ÚlKña. 

82

CMBUk x 

cemøIyKMrU ³ karP½yxøacGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ 





qøgtamry³karb:HBal;Fmμta. 

qøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³karEfTaMsmaCikRKYsar EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

søab;yWt² nig edaykarQWcab;. 

søab;EtÉg. 

manGarmμN_faKμanGñkNaGacCYy)an nigGs;sgÇwm. 

RtUveKbenÞas nig dak;[enAedayELk. 

ekrþ×eQμaHrbs;RKYsarRtUv)anbMpøaj. 

)at;bg;mitþP½®kþ. 

)at;bg;kargar. 

køayCabnÞúkRKYsarrbs;´. 

kUnrbs;eyIgkøayCaGñkejónfñaM nig qøgemeraKeGds_. 

kUnrbs;eyIgkøayCakumarkMRBa ehIyKμanGñkNaemIlEfBYkeK. 

2> etIkarP½yxøacmanplb:HBal;GVIxøH dl;\riyabfrbs;eyIgcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

¬kargarCaKU¦³ EcksikçakamCaKU. [édKUnImYy²BiPakSasMNYrenH. bnÞab;mk erobcMkarraykarN_ 

RtLb;mkvij. 

83

x>2 

karP½yxøacGMBIemeraKeGds_ 

nigCMgWeGds_ 

cemøIyKMrU 

eyIgkat;bnßyTMnak;TMng nig BüayamenAqay. eyIg[eKeRbIkEnSg nig kRmalERKepSg. eyIg[ eK 

eKgenAbnÞb;xageRkay. eyIgElg[nageFVImðÚbeTot. enAeBlEdléTAelgRKYsarGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

écosvagminpwkEtCamYyRKYsarenaHeLIy. Élg[kUnrbs;élgCamYykUnrbs;eKeTot. ÉlgTij 

\v:an;BIhagrbs;nageTot. ´R)ab;kUnrbs;´ [enAqayBIeRKOgejón. 

84 



niyay. 

karP½yxøacemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ KWCaerOgFmμta edaysarEtBuMmanfñaMBüa)al. Rbtikmμrbs; 

mnusScMeBaHCMgW GaceFVI[mnusSsøab; ¬RbsinebImineRbIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¦. bu:Enþ \lUvenH man 

fñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ dUecñH emeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_KYrRtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCaCMgWEdlGacRKb;RKg 

)an dUcCa CMgW mharIk b¤ CMgWeføIm. 

karP½yxøacTaMgenH RtUv)anRbB½n§pSBVpSay nig yuT§nakarpSBVpSayB½t’man Gb;rM nig R)aRs½yTak;Tg 

pSBVpSayCaTRmg;énkarbgáar. CMnYs[karbnøacmnusSGMBICMgWeGds_ eyIgKYr[BYkeKemIleXIjfa 

BYkeKGacRKb;RKgCMgWenH)an ehIyBYkeKGaceFVIGVI² edIm,IecosvagkuM[qøgCMgWeGds_)an. 

GñkcUlrYmxøHbgðajBIkarP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³TMnak;TMngFmμta. karP½yxøacenHman 

b£sKl; BIkarxVHcMeNHdwg b¤ karyl;xusBIrebobqøgemeraKeGds_. 

edaysarEtkarP½yxøacfa eyIgGacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³TMnak;TMngFmμta eyIgBüayamkarBar 

xøÜneyIg edaykat;bnßyTMnak;TMngsgÁm CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_[enAticbMput. 

karkat;bnßyTMnak;TMngsgÁm CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_EbbenH minEmnCaTRmg;énkarkarBarenaHeT 

edaysarEtemeraKeGds_minEmnqøgtamrebobenHeT. 

karGnuvtþEbbenH KWCakarmak;gay ¬- vaeFVI[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ manGarmμN_faxøÜnminRtUv)aneK 

cg;)an mincg;rab;rk RtUveKs¥b;ex

85 

CMBUk x

x>3 karP½yxøacGMBITMnak;TMngFmμta 

86 


mUlehtumYy EdlmnusSminrab;rk nigmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWedaysarEtBYkeKeCOfa Gñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_GaccmøgemeraKenHeTABYkeK tamry³karTMnak;TMngFmμta. TRmg;énkarmak;gay 

enH KWedaysarEtkarxVHkaryl;dwgGMBIrebobEdlemeraKeGds_Gacqøg ¬nig minqøg¦ BImnusSmñak; 

eTAmnusSmñak;eTot nig¼b¤ karP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_edayminsmehtusmpl. 

lMhat;enHEsVgyl;BIkaryl;dwgrbs;sikçakamGMBIhanIP½yénkarqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³TMnak; 

TMngCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_kñúgTRmg;epSg²Kña. eKalbMNgsMxan;rbs;lMhat;enH KWedIm,IbMeBj 

KmøatcMeNHdwg nigeqøIytbeTAnwgkarP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_ edayminsmehtupl. RbsinebI 

BYkeKdwgfa BYkeKminGacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³TMnak;TMngFmμta BYkeKnwgminsUvP½yxøac nig 

bBaÄb;kar[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enAedayELk b¤ karminrab;rkBYkeK. 

lMhat;enHRsg;ykkaryl;xus EdlEtgEtmanGMBIrebobEdlemeraKeGds_qøgBImnusSmñak;eTAmnusS 

mñak;eTot. bnÞab;mk karyl;xusTaMgenHRtUv)anEktRmUv edayeRbIkarBnül;gaycMnYn 3 cMNucGMBI 

rebobEdlemeraKeGds_qøg ¬b¤ minqøg¦ BImnusSmñak; eTAmnusSmñak;eTot³ QQR – KuNPaB 

(quality) brimaN (quantity) pøÚvcmøg (route of transmission). 

edIm,I[emeraKeGds_qøgBImnusSmñak;eTAmnusSmñak;eTot)an vIrusRtUvEtmanKuNPaBxøaMg RtUvman 

kñúgbrimaNeRcIn nigRtUvmanpøÚvcmøgeTAkñúgQam. lkçxNÐTaMgenHRtUvEtman eTIbGac[mnusSmñak; 

qøgemeraKeGds_)an. 

enAeBlEdlsikçakamyl;BI QQR ehIy BYkeKnwgeRbIviFIsa®sþ Margolis Wheel ¬sUmemIlelx 

4 xageRkam¦ edIm,IhwVkhat;bBa¢ÚnB½t’manenH nig EktRmUvkaryl;xus. 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;RbePTénkarP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³TMnak;TMngminEmnpøÚvePT CamYyGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ 

yl;dwgBImUlehtuEdlmnusSKitfaTMnak;TMngkñúgTRmg;TaMgenHGaceFVI[mankarcmøgemeraKeGds_ 

yl;dwgBIviFan EdlRtUvcgcaM (QQR) edIm,IBnül;BIrebobEdlemeraKeGds_Gacqøg nigmin 

GacqøgBImnusSmñak;eTAmnusSmñak;eTot

CMBUk x 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

snøwkB½t’man QQR nig snøwkB½t’manGMBIkaryl;xus ¬manenAcug x>3¦ edIm,IEck 

CMhan 

1> karP½yxøacGMBITMnak;TMngFmμta ¬karEckb½NÑsRmab;sresr¦ ³ EcksikçakamCaKU nig 

sYr - {etImanTMnak;TMngFmμtaCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_kñúgTRmg;GVIxøH EdlshKmn_P½yxøacqøg 

emeraKeGds_? karP½yxøacTaMgenHeFVI[BYkeKenAedayELk b¤ minrab;rk ¬mak;gay¦ GñkdéT.} 

[édKUnImYy²sresrcMNucmYyenAelIb½NÑ ehIybiTtamCBa¢aMg. 






efIb. eRbIEBgb¤]bkrN_pÞH)ay jauMGahar eRbIsemøókbMBak;rYmKña. jauMGahar Edlcm¥inedayGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_. eRbIR)as;bnÞb;Twk¼bgÁn;EtmYy. mUsxaM. e)aksemøókbMBak; EdlRbLak;edayGñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_. bIGñkrgrbYs EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_. mutm¢úl b¤ b:HBal;Qam kñúgeBlpþl;esva 

EfTaMsuxPaB. 

87

x>3 

karP½yxøacGMBITMnak;TMngFmμta 

2> karBnül;¼mUlehtu EdleFVI[mankarP½yxøac ³ [édKUnImYy²eRCIserIscMNucmYy nig 

Bnül;BImUlehtu EdleFVI[BYkeKGaceCOfa BYkeKGacqøgemeraKeGds_tamry³TMnak;TMngkñúgTRmg; 

EbbenH. 






efIb - KitfaemeraKeGds_manenAkñúgTwkmat; ehIymankarpøas;bþÚrTwkmat; enAeBlefIb dUecñHeFVI 

[mankarcmøgemeraKeGds_. 

eRbIEBg b¤ smÖar³pÞH)ayrYmKña - Bnül;dUcxagelI. 

jauMGaharEdlcm¥inedayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ - GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mutéd Qamrbs;Kat;Føak; 

cUlkñúgmðÚb ehIyGñkEdljauMmðÚbenaHnwgqøgemeraKeGds_. 

eRbIsemøókbMBak; b¤ PYyrYmKña³ Kitfa vIrusEdlmanenAkñúgejIs Cab;nwgsemøókbMBak; ehIy 

qøg. 

canbgÁn; - GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GgÁúyelIbgÁn; ejIsrbs;Kat;Cab;nwgbgÁn; ehIycmøgemeraK 

eGds_dl;GñkeRbIR)as;bgÁn;bnÞab;. 

karbIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_³ enAeBlbIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ GñkbIb:HBal;CamYyQamrbs;GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_BIkEnøgmut ehIyqøgBIkEnøgmut. 

3> QQR: ENnaMGMBI QQR nig rebobEdleKGaceRbIR)as;va edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgCMenOminRtwmRtUvnImYy² 

GMBIkarcmøgemeraKeGds_ Edl)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgCMhanTI 2. bnÞab;mk EcksnøwkB½t’manGMBI QQR 

nig snøwkB½t’manGMBIkaryl;xus. 

88

CMBUk x 

]TahrN_éncMelIyeqøIytb edayGñksRmbsRmYl 





BuMmanmUlehtu EdlRtUvP½yxøaccMeBaHTMnak;TMngFmμta CamYyGñkCMgWeGds_eLIy. GñkminGacqøg 

emeraKeGds_eLIy luHRtaEtvIrusBIGñkEdlmanCMgW)ancUleTAkñúgsésQamrbs;Gñk. 

karb:HEs,kGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_³ emeraKeGds_minRtUv)aneKrkeXIjenAkñúgejIseLIy ehIyk¾ 

minmanpøÚvcmøgeTAkñúgsésQamEdr dUecñHkarb:HBal;EbbenHminGacqøgemeraKeGds_eLIy. 

Gahar Edlcm¥inedayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ³ emeraKeGds_minGacrs;enA eRkAsarBagÁkayeLIy 

dUecñH ebIeTaHbICamanQamFøak;cUleTAkñúgGahark¾eday k¾emeraKnwggab;Pøam enAeBlEdlvab:H 

nwgxül;. elIsBIenHeTAeTot kemþAénkarcm¥inGaharnwgsmøab;emeraKeGds_. 

bgÁn; ³ BuMmanemeraKeGds_ enAkñúgejIseLIy dUecñH GñkminGacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³kar 

b:HBal;CamYyejIs)aneLIy. manemeraKeGds_tictYcbu:eNÑaH kñúgTwkenam b¤ lamk ehIyemeraK 

eGds_minGacrs;enAxageRkAsarBagÁkayeLIy. 

karbIGñkrgrbYsEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_³ eBlkMBugbIGñkrgrbYsEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ GñkbIGac 

b:HnwgQamrbs;GñkrgrbYs nigqøgemeraKeGds_. bu:Enþ »kasqøgEbbenHmantictYcbu:eNÑaH eday 

sarEtemeraKeGds_minGacrs;)anyUrenAxageRkAsarBagÁkayeLIy. RbsinebI Es,krbs;Gñk 

minmandac;rlat; GñknwgminqøgemeraKeGds_eLIy ebIeTaHbICaGñkmanQamEdlmanemraKeGds_ 

elIEs,krbs;Gñkk¾eday. bu:EnþGñkGacqøgemeraKeGds_ RbsinebIQam EdlmanemeraKeGds_ 

b:HnwgkEnøgEdldac;rlat;. 

mutm¢úl b¤ b:HBal;QamenAkñúgkEnøgEfTaMsuxPaB³ TaMgenHKWGacqøgemeraKeGds_. karmutm¢úl 

nwgeFVI[emeraKeGds_cUleTAkñúgxøÜnrbs;mnusSmñak;edaypÞal;. enHCalkçxNÐmYy EdleFVI[qøg 

emeraKeGds_. enHnwgpþl;lT§PaB[emeraKeGds_ cUleTAkñúgsésQamrbs;mnusSmñak;eday 

pÞal;. karb:HBal;kñúgTRmg;epSgeTotnwgGacekItmaneLIg EtenAeBlEdlbuKÁliksuxaPi)al 

mansñamdac;rlat;bu:eNÑaH. emeraKeGds_ P¢ab;xøÜnrbs;vaeTAnwgPñasrMGil. 

89

x>3 


4> karGnuvtþ QQR ¬kg;m:ahÁÚlIs - MARGOLIS WHEEL¦ ³ [enAeBlsikçakam)an 

dwgBI QQR pþl;»kas[BYkeK GnuvtþCamYyB½t’manenH edIm,IBnül;mnusSfa BYkeKminKYrxøacb:HBal; 

kñúgTRmg;mYycMnYn CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_eLIy. begáIt {kg;m:ahÁÚlIs} edayerobekAGICa 

rgVg; 2 CYr edIm,I[sikçakammñak;²manédKU. [sikçakam EdlmanTMnukcitþCagGgÁúyCYrxagkñúg nig 

eFVICa {Gñkpþl;RbwkSa}. pþl;sMNYrmYy ]> {sUmR)ab;´faehtuGVI)anCa KμanhanIP½yqøgemeraKeGds_ 

eLIy RbsinebIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_cm¥inGahar nig eFVI[mutxøÜnÉg} . [Gñkpþl;RbwkSa {Bnül; 

bBa©úHbBa©Úl} édKUrbs;BYkeK. bnÞab;mk bnøWsemøgkNþwg [CYrxageRkAvil ehIysYrsMNYrTI 2 nig 

eFVIEbbenHteTAeTot. bnÞab;BIsYrsMNYrcMnYn 4 rYcehIy [CYrTaMg 2 pøas;bþÚrTIkEnøg ehIy eFVIbnþ 

edIm,I[RKb;sikçakamTaMgGs;man»kashVwkhat; eRbIR)as;B½t’manenH. 

]TahrN_éncMelIyeqøIytb-kg;m:ahÁÚlIs 

R)ab;´ ehtuGVI)anCakareRbIEBgrYmKñaCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ mansuvtßiPaB 

R)ab;´ ehtuGVI)anCa´minGacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³mUsxaM 

R)ab;´ ehtuGVI)anCaminmanhanIP½yqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³kareRbIbgÁn;rYmKña 

®sþImñak;kMBugsMGatlamkrakrbs;ekμgtUcmñak;EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIyKat;mutéd. etIman 

hanIP½yGVIEdrb¤eT? 

5> etIkarP½yxøacb:HBal;dl;\riyabfrbs;eyIgcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_eday 

rebobNa? ¬kargarCaKU¦ ³ EcksikçakamCaKU. [édKUnImYy²BiPakSa - {etIkarP½yxøacrbs; 

mnusS b:HBal;dl;rebobEdlBYkeKRbtibtþicMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_edayrebobNa? bnÞab;mk 

erobcMkarraykarN_RtLb;mkvij. 

90

CMBUk x 

]TahrN_éncMelIyeqøIytb 





BYkeKkat;bnßyTMnak;TMng[enAtictYcbMput nigenAqayBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. BYkeKEbgEckkEnSg 

nig kRmalERK. [GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_edkenAbnÞb;xageRkay. [GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Qb;cm¥in 

Gahar. enAeBlEdlBYkeKmkelg BYkeKElgjauMEtCamYyRKYsar. Elg[kUnmkelgCamYykUn 

rbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. ElgTij\v:an; BIhagrbs;Kat;. 



niyay. 

emeraKeGds_ KWCaGtisuxumR)aNEdlqab;gab; nig minGacrs;enA)anyUr eRkAsarBagÁkayeLIy. 

emeraKeGds_nwggab; enAeBlEdlvab:Hnwgxül; b¤ Twk. 

emeraKeGds_mingayqøgBImnusSmñak; eTAmnusSmñak;eToteLIy - 

emeraKeGds_mincmøgtamxül; dUcCa emeraKrebg b¤ emeraKpþasayeLIy - emeraKenHmincmøg 

tamry³kNþas b¤ k¥keLIy. 

emeraKeGds_mincmøgtamry³karb:HBal;Es,k dUcCa CMgWesIrEs,keLIy. 

emeraKeGds_mincmøgtamGahar b¤ tamcan EBg kRmal .l. b¤ tamry³épÞ dUcCa canbgÁn; 

enaHeT. 

emeraKeGds_qøgEttamry³QamEdlmanemeraK TwkkamEdlecjtamry³karrYmePT b¤ TwkedaHmþay 

EdlcUleTAkñúgsarBagÁkay. 

91

x>3 


GñkGacqøgemeraKeGds_ Ettamry³ ³ 

eRbIm¢úl nig suIr:agrYmKña CamYyGñkcak;eRKOgejón EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

rYmePT edayKμankarkarBar ¬mineRbIeRsamGnam½y¦ CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

mþayEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ cmøgemeraKeGds_eTAkUn muneBl b¤ kñúgkMLúgeBlsRmal ¬qøgtam 

Qam¦ b¤ eRkaysRmal tamry³TwkedaHmþay. 

manQamEdlmanemeraKeGds_ cUleTAkñúgxøÜnrbs;Gñk tamry³sñamdac;rlat;. 

edIm,IGacqøgemeraKeGds_ emeraKenHcaM)ac;RtUvenAxagkñúgxøÜnrbs;Gñk . enAeBleyIgrYmePT TwkEdl 

ecjtamry³karrYmePT GaccUleTAkñúgsésQam tamry³sñamdac;rlat;tUc² enAelIligÁ b¤ eyanI. 

enAeBlEdleyIgcak;eRKOgejón QammanemeraK EdlmanenACab;nwgm¢úl b¤ suIr:agGaccUleTAkñúg 

sésQamrbs;GñkedaypÞal;. 

vtßúravepSgKñamanbrimaNemeraKeGds_epSgBIKñaEdr. brimaNemeraKeGds_maneRcIn enAkñúgQam 

Twkkamburs®sþII nig TwkedaHmþay dUecñH emeraKeGds_gayqøgtamry³GgÁFaturavTaMgenH. bu:EnþemeraK 

eGdsmantictYcenAkñúgTwkenam lamk b¤ Twkmat; dUecñH GñkminGacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³vtßúrav 

TaMgenHeLIy. BuMmanemeraKeGds_enAkñúgejIs b¤ TwkEPñkeLIy. 

GñkminGacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³karb:HBal;Fmμta dUcCa karb:HBal; b¤ GgÁúyEk,rGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ b¤ eRbIbnÞb; jauMGahar b¤ eRbIkEnSgrYmKñaeLIy. 

GñkxøHKitfa enAeBlEdlBYkeKkRmitTMnak;TMngFmμtaCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ BYkeKkMBugkarBar 

xøÜnrbs;BYkeKmin[qøgemeraKeGds_. enHminEmnCaTRmg;mYyénkarkarBareLIy edaysarEtemeraK 

eGds_minEmnqøgtamry³TMnak;TMngFmμtaeLIy. 

karGnuvtþTaMgenH KWCakarmak;gay - BYkeKeFVI[eKmanGarmμN_faminRtUv)aneKRsLaj; RtUv)aneK 

s¥b;ex

CMBUk x 

KuNPaB brimaN pøÚvcmøg 

]bkrN_edIm,IEsVgryl;GMBIkarcmøgemeraKeGds_ 

edIm,IGac[emeraKeGds_GaccmøgeTA)an emeraKRtUvEtman KuNPaB xøaMg RtUvmanbrimaNeRcIn 

ehIyRtUvEtmanpøÚvcmøgcUleTAkñúgsésQam. 

KuNPaB³ edIm,I[karcmøgemeraKeGds_ekIteLIg)an emeraKRtUvEtmanKuNPaBxøaMg. 

emeraKeGds_minGacrs;enAxageRkAsarBagÁkayrbs;mnusSeLIy. emeraKenHcab;epþImgab; 

PøamenAeBlEdlvaRtUvnwgxül;. 

emeraKeGds_minEmnCaemeraKqøgtamxül;eLIy. dUecñHehIy karGgÁúyCit b¤ kareRbIbnÞb; 

rYmKñaCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ minbgá[manhanIP½yqøgemeraKeGds_eLIy. 

emeraKeGds_minrs;enAelIEs,keLIy. vars;enAkñúgsarBagÁkay. karcab;éd b¤ kar»bGñkNa 

mñak; minbgá[manhanIP½yénkarqøgemeraKenHeLIy. kEnøgEtmYyKt; EdlemeraKenHGac 

rs;enAxageRkAsarBagÁkay)an KWenAkñúgmNÐlhb; ¬dUcCa suIr:ag¦ EdlemeraKenHminGac 

b:HRtUvnwgxül;. 

emeraKeGds_nwggab; RbsinebIvab:HRtUvnwgkemþA ¬]> RbsinebIGñkNamñak;Rsk;QamcUleTAkñúg 

qñaMgcm¥inmðÚb¦. 

brimaN³ edIm,I[karcmøgemeraKeGds_ekIteLIg)an emeraKenHRtUvmanbrimaNRKb;RKan; edIm,I 

[manhanIP½y. 

emeraKeGds_ mankñúgbrimaNeRcIn enAkñúgQam Twkkamburs®sþI nig TwkedaHmþay. 

emeraKeGds_minman enAkñúgejIs b¤ TwkEPñkeLIy. 

emeraKeGds_GacmanbnþicbnþÜc enAkñúgTwkenam lamk nig Twkmat; bu:Enþ minRKb;RKan; edIm,I 

bgá[manhanIP½yGacqøgBImnusSmñak;eTAmnusSmñak;eToteLIy. 

karsm¥at b¤ kargUtTwk[GñkCMgW KWmansuvtßiPaB RbsinebIRKb;kEnøgEdlmandMe)ATaMgGs;RtUv 

)anRKbCit. 

karefIb sUm,IEtkarefIbsuICeRmAk¾eday k¾minmanhanIP½yGVIEdr. 

93

x>3 


pøÚvcmøg³ edIm,I[karcmøgemeraKeGds_ekIteLIg)an emeraKRtUvEtenAxagkñúgésQamrbs;Gñk. 

sarBagÁkayrbs;eyIg KWCaRbB½n§biTCit - ehIyemeraKeGds_minGacqøgcUltamEs,keLIy. 

emeraKeGds_GacqøgcUlkñúgEs,k tamry³Gv³yv³ePT dUcCa ligÁ eyanI b¤ rn§KUf enAkñúg 

eBlrYmePT eRBaHEs,k enATIenaHesþIgCaEpñkdéT ehIymanrn§tUc² EdlGac[emeraKeGds_ 

cUl)an. 

suPvinicä½y nigGnam½yCaRbcaMéf mann½yfa sßanPaBCaeRcInEdlCakarRBYy)armÖrbs;mnusSnwg 

minekItmaneLIgenAkñúgCIvitRbcaMéfeLIy. ]TahrN_ GñknwgmineRbIRcasduseFμjrYmKñaeLIy 

RbsinebIRcasduseFμjenaHmanRbLak;Qam. Gñknwglagsm¥at RbsinebIGñkmutGVImYy. Gñknwg 

Bak;eRsaméd b¤ eRsabédCamYyGVImYy RbsinebIGñklagsm¥atlamkrakrbs;GñkNamñak;. 

tamry³kareRbIR)as; QQR GñkGacemIleXIjBImUlehtu EdlKμanhanIP½yénkarcmøgtamry³ 

karefIb »b GgÁúyEk,rGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ eRbIbnÞb;rYmKñaCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ mUsxaM eRbI 

Rbdab;jauMGahar kRmal kEnSg b¤ semøókbMBak;rYmKña pþl;Qam eRbIbgÁn;rYmKña eRbITwke)ak 

sm¥atCamYyKña kNþas b¤ k¥k. 

94

95 

CMBUk x

x>4 karyl;xusBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_ 


enHKWCalMhat; EdlGacykmkeRbICMnYslMhat; x>3>. sikçakambegáItbBa¢Ién karyl;xusGMBIkar 

qøgemeraKeGds_ ehIybnÞab;mkeFVIkargarCaKU edIm,IEktRmUvkaryl;xusnImYy². 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;vKÁenH sikçakamnwgGacdak;eQμaH nigEktRmUvkaryl;xusGMBIrebobEdlmnusSqøg 

emeraKeGds_. 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 ema:g 

smÖar³ 

snøwkB½t’manGMBI QQR ¬manenAxagcug x>3>¦ snøwkB½t’manGMBIkaryl;xus edIm,IeFVIkarEckcay 

CMhan 

1> karbMpusKMnit ³ [sikçakambMpusKMnitGMBIGVI EdlmnusSenAkñúgtMbn;rbs;BYkeK)an nigkMBugniyay 

GMBIrebobEdlemeraKeGds_qøgBImnusSmñak;eTAmnusSmñak;eTot. sresrRbeyaKnImYy² enAelI 

b½NÑedayELk ehIybiTb½NÑenHenAelICBa¢aMg. ¬sUmemIl]TahrN_énsnøwkB½t’manGMBIkaryl; 

xus - TMB½rbnÞab;¦ 

96

CMBUk x 

2> EcksikçakamCaKU ehIy[édKUnImYy² eRCIserIsb½NÑmYy. [édKUnImYy²BiPakSaKña faetIRbeyaK 

elIb½NÑrbs;BYkeKxus b¤ RtUv - BImUlehtu. EcksnøwkB½t’man QQR edIm,I[sikçakamGacykeTA 

eRbIR)as;enAkñúgkarBiPakSarbs;BYkeK. bnÞab;mk RtUvEcksnøwkB½t’manGMBIkaryl;xuspgEdr. 

3> raykarN_RtLb;mkvij ³ [édKUnImYy² eLIgeFVIbTbgðaj. eKalbMNgsMxan; KWedIm,IBnül; 

sikçakamdéTeTot faRbeyaKenHKWCaRbeyaKxus. 



niyay. 

karP½yxøac GacbBaÄb;eyIgmin[manPaBsmehtusmpl nigmin[EsVgrkB½t’manEdlRtwmRtUv 

b¤ vaGacnaM[eyIgTTYlykB½t’manEdlminRtwmRtUv. 

karP½yxøacrbs;eyIg EdlfaeyIgGacqøgemeraKeGds_tamry³TMnak;TMngFmμta eFVI[eyIgman 

GarmμN_fa emeraKeGds_ KWCaGVIEdleyIgminGacRKb;RKg)an. 

karP½yxøacenHbBaÄb;eyIgmin[epþatelIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;eyIgenAkñúgkarRKb;RKgCIvitrbs;eyIg 

nigkat;bnßyhanIP½ytamry³karrYmePT. 

97

x>4 

karyl;xusBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_ 

karyl;xus nigkarBitBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_ 

karyl;xus 

emeraKeGds_gayqøgBImnusSmñak; 

eTAmnusSmñak;eTot. 

karBit 

xus - emeraKeGds_KWCaGtisuxumR)aN Edlgab;y:agqab;rh½s 

bnÞab;BIb:Hnwgxül;. vaminrs;enAeRkAxøÜnrbs;mnusSeLIy. 

emeraKeGds_qøgtamxül; dUcKñanwg 

emeraKrebg b¤ emeraKpþasayEdr. 

GñkGacqøgemeraKeGds_ 

tamry³ karGgÁúyenACitGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_. 

GñkGacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³ 

karkan; b¤ cab;rlak;éd CamYyGñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_. 


karefIbGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 


karsm¥at b¤ kargUtTwk[GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ EdlmandMe)A b¤ kar 

dac;rlat;elIragkay. 

xus - emeraKeGds_minEmnCaemeraKqøgtamxül; 

dUcemeraKrebg b¤ emeraKpþasayeLIy. 

]TahrN_ emeraKeGds_minqøgtamry³karkNþas 

b¤ k¥k eLIy. 

xus - BuMmanhanIP½yénkarqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³ 

karGgÁúyEk,rGñkpÞúk emeraKeGds_ enAkñúgpÞH elIrfynþ 

Rkug b¤ enAkñúgetomEt enaHeLIy. 

xus - emeraKeGds_minrs;enAelIEs,keLIy - vars;enAkñúg 

sarBagÁkay dUecñH emeraKeGds_minqøgtamry³ 

karb:HBal;Es,keLIy. 

xus - BuMmanhanIP½yénkarqøg tamry³karefIbedaybiTmat; 

eLIy. manhanIP½ytictYcbMput BIkarefIbedayebIkmat;- 

knøgmk BuMmankrNIEbbenHRtUv)aneKraykarN_eLIy. 

xus - RbsinebIGñkeRbIsuPvinicä½y. BuMmanhanIP½yénkarqøg 

emeraKeGds_ tam ry³karsm¥at b¤ kargUtTwk[GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_eLIy drabNaGñksm¥at mankarRbugRby½tñ 

dUcCa Bak;eRsaméd CaedIm. 

98

CMBUk x 

karyl;xus 


kareRbIkEnSg semøókbMBak; 

kRmal ERK b¤ Rkassitsk;rYmKña 

CamYyGñk pÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

GñkGacqøgemeraKeGds_ 

tamry³ kareRbIcan b¤ søabRBa 

rYmKña edaysarEtmanemeraK 

eGds_enAkñúgTwkmat;. 


kareRbIbgÁn; EdleRbIedayGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_rYc. 


mUsxaM Edl)anxaMGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ehIy. 

karBit 

xus - emeraKeGds_minrs;enAxageRkAsarBagÁkayenaHeT. 

emeraKeGds_manEtenAkñúgQam nig TwkEdlecj 

eBlrYmePTbu:eNÑaH ehIy emeraKenHRtUvcUlkñúg 

sarBagÁkay nig sésQamrbs;mnusSmñak;eTot 

edIm,IGacqøg)an. 

xus - emeraKeGds_manenAkñúgTwkmat; bu:Enþ mankñúgbrimaNtic 

tYcbMput - KWminRKb;RKan; edIm,IcmøgemeraKenHeLIy. 

GñkRtUvRsUbykTwkmat;kñúgbrimaNeRcIn eTIbGacqøg 

emeraKeGds_)an. 

xus - emeraKeGds_minGacrs;enAxageRkAsarBagÁkayeLIy 

dUecñH vaminrs;enAelIépÞxageRkA dUcCa elIcanbgÁn; 

enaHeT. 

xus - Qam EdlmanemeraKeGds_ cUleTAkñúgeBaHrbs;mUs 

ehIygab;. mUsCBa¢k;QamEtbu:eNÑaH. vamincak; 

bBa©ÚlQameTAkñúgxøÜnmnusSeLIy. emeraKeGds_kRm 

manenAkñúgekμgGayu 5-15 qñaMNas; ebIeTaHbICaekμg 

enAkñúgRkumGayuenH EtgEtRtUvmUsxaMk¾eday. 

99

x>4 

karyl;xusBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_ 

karyl;xus 

RKb;TarkTaMgGs; EdlekIt 

ecjBImþayEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

nwgqøgemeraKeGds_. ¬CMBUk 

bnþbnÞab; nwgbgðajBI»sf 

EdlmþayGacelb)an edIm,Ikat; 

bnßyhanIP½yénkarcmøgemeraK 

eGds_eTAkan;kUnrbs;BYkeK¦. 

GñkEdlmanCMgWkameraK 

manhanIP½yqøgemeraKeGds_ 

tictYcCagGñkEdlKμanCMgW 

kameraK. 

karBit 

xus - RbEhlCaTarkcMnYn 2 PaK 3 EdlekItecjBImþay 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_ nwgminqøgemeraKenH. enAeBlEdlman 

emeraKeGds_kan;EteRcIn enAkñúgQamrbs;mþay TwkedaH 

mþay nig vtßúravdéTeTot enaHlT§PaBEdlTarkGac 

qøgemeraKeGds_k¾maneRcInEdr. brimaNemeraKeGds_ 

¬brimaNemeraK¦ GaRs½yeTAtamdMNak;kalrbs;CMgW. 

brimaNemeraKmanx

CMBUk x 

karyl;xus 

®sþImanhanIP½yqøgemeraKeGds_ 

tamry³karrYmePTedayKμankar 

karBarTabCagburs. 

karBit 

xus - ®sþIgayqøgemeraKeGds_ kñúgeBlrYmePT 2 dgCag 

burs. Twkkamman brimaNemeraKeGds_x

x>5 cMeNHdwgGMBIkarrs;enACamYy 

{emeraKeGds_} 

102 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;vKÁenH sikçakamnwgGacerobrab;GMBIGVI EdlekItmaneLIgcMeBaHGñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

¬karvivtþn_rbs;CMgW brimaNemeraK ry³eBlrbs;CIvit .l.¦ 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 ema:g 

sMNYr 

RbsinebImnusSmñak;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

1> etImnusSmñak;enaHmanCMgWeGds_b¤? 

2> etICIvitrbs;mnusSmñak;enaHRtUv)anbBa©b;EmnEdrb¤eT? 

3> etImnusSmñak;enaHnwgsøab;enAkñúgry³eBl 2 qñaMeTotb¤? 

4> etImnusSmñak;enaHGaccmøgemeraKeGds_eTAmnusSdéTeTotEdrb¤eT? 

5> etIman»sfNa EdlKat;Gacelb)anEdrb¤eT? 

6> etIGñkdéTeTot GacdwgfaKat;manemeraKeGds_Edrb¤eT? 

7> etIKat;KYrlHbg;kargarrbs;xøÜnecalEdrb¤eT? 

8> etIKat;KYrQb;eFVIkargaredayeRbIkmøaMgEdrb¤eT? 

9> etICIvitpøÚvePTrbs;mnusSmñak;enaHRtUv)anbBa©b; Edrb¤eT? 

10> etImnusSmñak;enaHGaccUlrYmenAkñúgkarseRmccitþrbs;RKYsar Edrb¤eT? 

CMhan 

1> lMhat; ³ [sikçakameqøIynwgsMNYrxageRkam.

CMBUk x 

2> raykarN_RtLb;mkvij ³ BinitüeLIgvijelIsMNYrnImYy² ehIyÉkPaBelIB½t’manEdlRtwmRtUv. 

3> karEckb½NÑsRmab;sresr¬CeRmIs¦³ EcksikçakamCaKU nigEckb½NÑ. [édKUnImYy² sresr 

elIb½NÑnUvRKb;cMNucEdlBYkeK)andwgfa)anekIteLIgcMeBaHmnusSmñak; enAeBlEdlKat;eFVIetsþ 

dwgfamanpÞúkemeraKeGds_. dak;cMNucdUc²KñabBa©ÚlKña nigBinitüeLIgvijelIbBa¢IcMNucTaMgenH. 

EsVgyl;BIKMnitEdlenABIeRkaykaryl;xusnana nigplb:HBal;EdlGacmanmkelIGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_. pþl;karbBa¢ak;bEnßmcMeBaHsMNYr nigcMNucEdlminmanPaBc,as;las;. 

4> erOg 

niyayerOgmþay EdldwgfakUnRbusrbs;xøÜncak;eRKOgejón. CaCaglHbg;kUnrbs;Kat;ecal Kat; 

cm¥inGahar[va nig emIlEfva. eRkaymk enAeBlEdlKat;dwgfa vamanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ Kat; 

snμt;fa vanwgsøab;kñúg eBlqab;²enHminxan dUecñHehIy Kat;)anykvaeTAkan;mnÞIreBTü ehIyTuk[ 

vasøab;enATIenaH. 

5> BiPakSa³ {etIGñkeronecHGVIxøHBIerOgenH?} 



niyay. 

mUlehtumYyEdlRKYsarlHbg;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ecal KWedaysarEtlT§pletsþQam Edl 

bgðajfamnusSmñak;pÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUv)aneKcat;Tukfa karsøab;nwgmkdl;kñúgeBlqab;². BYkeK 

cat;TuksmaCikRKYsarmñak;enaHfa CaGñkEdl)ansøab;rYceTAehIy ehIyElg)ancUlrYmcMENkGVIeTot 

dl;RKYsar. elIsBIenHeTAeTot BYkeKxøacfa eKKWCaGñkcmøgeraK. RbsinebIkarmak;gayEbbenHbnþ 

maneTAmuxeTot GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_nwgElgts‘UedayxøÜnÉg nigsøab;Caminxan minEmnedaysarEt 

emeraKenaHeT bu:EnþedaysarkarGs;esckþIsgÇwm. 

karqøgemeraKeGds_ minEmnmann½yfa Cakarsøab;Pøam²enaHeT ³ 

emeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_mindUcKñaenaHeT. mnusSmñak;GacqøgemeraKeGds_ nig rs;enArhUtdl; 

10 qñaM b¤ elIsBIenH muneBlEdlRbB½n§PaBsauMrbs;BYkeKrgplb:HBal; ehIy ekItCMgWeGds_. 

RbsinebIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_rs;enAedayviC¢man ehIy EfTaMxøÜnÉg eKGacrs;enA)anyUr. 

CMgW»kasniymPaKeRcIn dUcCa CMgWrebg KWGacBüa)alCa. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ GacbnþeFVIkargar nig manCIvit EdlmanRbeyaCn_. 

fñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_BnüWtkarvivtþn_rbs;CMgW nig begáInPaBsauMrbs;ragkay. 

103

]bsm emeraKeGds_ KWCavIrusmü:ag EdlbMpøajRbB½n§PaBsauMrbs;ragkay 

2> CMgWeGds_ KWCalkçxNÐrbs;sarBagÁkay eRkayeBlEdlRbB½n§PaBsauMcuHexSay 

3> emeraKeGds_caM)ac;RtUvcUleTAkñúgEs,k b¤ PñasrMGil edIm,Ibgá[mankarqøgemeraKeGds_ 

4> emeraKeGds_Gacrs;enAy:agyUr enAeRkAsarBagÁkay 

etIemeraKeGds_qøgraldaledayrebobNa? 

5> emeraKeGds_Gacqøg enAeBlEdlmnusS 2 nak;eRbIm¢úlrYmKña enAeBleRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 

6> TarkTaMgGs; EdlekItBImþayEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_suT§EtqøgemeraKeGds_ 

GñkNaxøH EdlRbQmnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_? 

7> GñkEdlerobkarehIyminGacqøgemeraKeGds_)aneT 

8> RbsinebIGñkmanédKUEtmYy GñkminGacqøgemeraKeGds_)aneLIy 

9> RbsinebIGñkmansuxPaBl¥ nig manragkayrwgmaM GñknwgminqøgemeraKeGds_eLIy 

mnusSmñak;GacqøgemeraKeGds_BI³ 

10> karjauMGahar pwkTwk b¤ eRbIR)as;smÖar³pÞH)ayrYmKñaCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

11> kareRbIR)as;bgÁn;rYmKña CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

12> mUsxaM 

104

CMBUk x 

mnusSmñak;minGacqøgemeraKeGds_BI³ 

13> kare)ATwkedaHBImþay EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

14> karbric©aKQam RbsinebI]bkrN_Edl)ansmøab;emeraKehIy RtUv)anykmkeRbIR)as; 

15> kareRbIRcasduseFμjrYmKña CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

karbgðajxøÜnrbs;emeraKeGds_³ 

16> GñkGacR)ab;fa mnusSmñak;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ edayRKan;EtemIlKat; 

17> mnusSmñak;GacpÞúkemeraKeGds_rab;qñaM muneBlmanCMgWeGds_ 

18> GñkxøHmanemeraKeGds_ bu:Enþ mindwgfaBYkeKman 

eraKsBaØarbs;CMgWeGds_ 

19> ehImRkelon RskTmn; rak nig bBaðaesIrEs,k 

20> RkhayEbbrlak enAeBlenam nig mandMe)AelIRbdab;bnþBUC 

21> qøgCMgW»kasniym dUcCa rebg rlaksYt rak mharIkEs,k 

emeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_GacBüa)alCa eday³ 

22> rYmePTCamYyGñkEdlenARBhμcarI 

23> BuMmanfñaMBüa)alCMgWeGds_eLIy 

GñkGackarBarxøÜnmin[qøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³³ 

24> minrYmePT ¬tm¦ 

25> eRCIserIsédKU EdlemIleTAmansuxPaBl¥ 

26> eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y kñúgeBlrYmePT 

GñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ Gacrs;enAkñúgCIvitFmμta)any:agyUr RbsinebIBYkeK³ 

27> GnuvtþkarrYmePTedaysuvtßiPaB edIm,Ikat;bnßybrimaNemeraKeGds_enAkñúgxøÜn[enAticbMput 

28> Qb;eFVIkargarPøam 

29> TTYlTan[)anl¥ ecosvagCatiRsvwgnig)arI nig ecosvagPaBtantwg 

105

]bsm emeraKeGds_ KWCavIrusmü:ag EdlbMpøajRbB½n§ 

PaBsauMrbs;ragkay 

eKalikarQamsRbePTmü:agmaneQμaHfa 

eKalikar CD4 b¤ eKalikaCMnYy T. eKalikar 

TaMgenHKWCaEpñkmYyy:ag sMxan;énRbB½n§PaBsauM 

rbs;sarBagÁkay KWCaRbB½n§ EdlkarBareyIgmin[man 

CMgW. eKalikar CD4 eRbobbIdUcCarbg CuMvijsarBagÁkayrbs; 

eyIgdUecñaHEdr vakarBarsarBagÁkayBICMgWnana. BYkvavayRbharemeraK EdlcUlmkkñúgsarBagÁkay 

edIm,IkuM[eyIgmanCMgW. enAeBlEdlemeraKeGds_cUlmkkñúgsésQamrbs;mnusSmñak; vanwgvayRbhar 

cUl nig bMpøajeKalikarQams dUecñH eKalikarQamsminGaceFVIkargarrbs;va edIm,I[sarBagÁkay 

enAEtmansuxPaBl¥eToteLIy. bnÞab;mk emeraKekgRbv½Ba©elIRbB½n§PaBsauMEdlcuHexSay ehIy 

vayRbharelIsarBagÁkay. 


CMgWeGds_KWCadMNak;kalx emeraKeGds_caM)ac;RtUvcUleTAkñúgEs,k b¤ PñasrMGil edIm,Ibgá[mankarqøgemeraKeG 

edIm,I[emeraKeGds_Gacqøg)an emeraKeGds_ EdlenAkñúgQam Twkkam b¤ TwkeyanIrbs;GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_RtUvcUleTAkñúgsarBagÁkay nig cUleTAkñúgsésQamrbs;mnusSmñak;eTot. CaFmμta 

Es,kKWCar)aMgmYymin[mankarcUlRbePTenH bu:Enþ kareFVIdac;Es,k dUcCa mut dMe)A nig rlak Gac 

eFVI[emeraKeGds_qøgcUl nig cUleTAdl;sésQam. emeraKeGds_GacqøgtamEs,k enAelIRbdab; 

bnþBUC dUcCa ligÁ eyanI b¤ rn§KUf enAkñúgeBlrYmePT eRBaHEs,kenAtamkEnøgTaMgenHesþIgxøaMg 

ehIymanrn§tUc² EdlGac[emeraKeGds_cUl)an. karqøgCMgWenAelIRbdab;bnþBUC ¬dUcCa CMgWkameraK¦

CMBUk x 

KWCaviFId¾gayRsYlmYy edIm,I[emeraKeGds_cUleTAkñúgsésQam. dUecñHehIy)anCa GñkEdlman 

CMgWkameraK manhanIP½yqøgemeraKeGds_x emeraKeGds_Gacrs;enAy:agyUr enAeRkAsarBagÁkay 

emeraKeGds_KWCaemeraKEdlgaygab; ehIyminGacrs;enAeRkAsarBagÁkay)anyUreLIy. emeraK 

enHcab;epþImgab;Pøam enAnaTIEdlvab:HRtUvnwgxül;. vaminrs;enAelIEs,kenaHeT - vars;enAxagkñúg 

xøÜnmnusS. 



kareRbIsuIr:agrYmKña eFVI[hanIP½yénkarcmøgemeraKeGds_manx TarkTaMgGs; EdlekItBImþayEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ suT§EtqøgemeraKeGds_ 

manTarkRbEhlCa 2 PaK 3 EdlekItecjBImþaypÞúkemeraKeGds_nwgminqøgemeraK 

enH. enAeBlEdlmanemeraKeGds_kan;EteRcIn enAkñúgQamrbs;mþay TwkedaH 

mþay nig vtßúravgdéTeTot enaHlT§PaBEdlTarkGacqøg emeraKeGds_k¾man 

eRcInEdr. brimaNemeraKeGds_ ¬brimaNemeraK¦ GaRs½yeTAtam 

dMNak;kalrbs;CMgW. brimaNemeraKmanx

]bsm GñkEdlerobkarehIyminGacqøgemeraKeGds_)aneT 

karerobkarehIynwgminbgáarkarqøgemeraKeGds_eLIy. ®sþICaeRcInGacmanPaBesμaHRtg; bu:EnþsVamuI 

rbs;BYkeK rYmePTCamYy®sþIdéTeTot. cMeBaH®sþICaeRcInnak; karerobkarKWCaktþahanIP½ymYyénkar 

qøgemeraKeGds_ edaysarEtBYkeKminGacbdiesFkarrYmePT b¤ [bþIrbs;xøÜneRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y 

ebIeTaHbICaBYkeKdwgfabþIrbs;BYkeKminman PaBesμaHRtg; b¤ manemeraKeGds_ b¤ CMgWkameraKrYceTA 

ehIykþI. 


édKUrbs;GñkGacminmanPaBesμaHRtg;CamYyGñk - b¤ eKGacFøab;manédKUrYmePTEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

muneBlCYbCamYyGñk. 


minfaGñkmansuxPaBl¥kRmitNaenaHeT GñkNak¾GacqøgemeraKeGds_)anEdr. 



emeraKeGds_mankñúgbrimaNeRcIn EtenAkñúgQam Twkkam nig TwkeyanIEtbu:eNÑaH ehIyRtUvcUl 

eTAkñúgsarBagÁkay nig sésQamrbs;mnusSmñak;eTot edIm,IGacqøgeTA)an. emeraKeGds_min 

Gacrs;enAxageRkAsarBagÁkayeLIy. enHKWCamUlehtucMnYn 2 EdleFVI[emeraKeGds_minGacqøg 

tamry³karTTYlTanGahar b¤ pwkCamYyKña ¬b¤ tamry³karcab;éd kareRbIbnÞb;b¤semøókbMBak;rYmKña 

b¤ kareRbIbgÁn;EtmYy¦. 


sUmemIlcemøIyelx 10 

108

CMBUk x 

12> mUsxaM 

Qam EdlmanemeraKeGds_ cUleTAkñúgeBaHrbs;mUs ehIygab;. mUs CBa¢k;QamEtbu:eNÑaH. vamin 

cak;bBa©ÚlQameTAkñúgxøÜnmnusSeLIy. emeraKeGds_kRmmanenAkñúgekμgGayu 5-15 qñaMNas; ebIeTaHbI 

CaekμgenAkñúgRkum GayuenH EtgEtRtUvmUsxaMk¾eday. 



TarkGacqøgemeraKeGds_ enAeBlEdlmþaybMe)AedaHTarkenaH. »kasqøgemeraKeGds_rwtEtman 

x kareRbIRcasduseFμjrYmKña CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

BuMmanGñkNamñak;GacqøgemeraKenH tamry³kareRbIR)as;RcasduseFμjrYmKñaenaHeLIy. bu:Enþ edaysar 

mUlehtu Gnam½y ykl¥eKminKYreRbIRcasduseFμjrYmKñaenaHeT. 



BuMmaneraKsBaØaNa EdlbgðajfamnusSmñak;manemeraKeGds_enaHeLIy. GñkGacdwg[R)akd tamry³ 

kareFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_. mnusSPaKeRcIn EdlmanemeraKeGds_ minbgðajeraKsBaØaGVI 

TaMgGs;kñúgry³eBlrab;qñaM. bu:Enþ emeraKenHenAEtmanenAkñúgQam ehIyGaccmøgeTAkan;mnusS 

déTeTot. GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_emIleTAdUcCaGñkCMgW EtenAeBlEdlBYkeKmanCMgWeGds_eBjelj 

Etbu:eNÑaH. 

109

]bsm mnusSmñak;GacpÞúkemeraKeGds_rab;qñaM muneBlmanCMgWeGds_ 

Bit 

18> GñkxøHmanemeraKeGds_ bu:EnþmindwgfaBYkeKman 

UNAIDS )a:n;RbmaNfa manGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_cMnYn 90 PaKry EdlmindwgfaxøÜnmanemeraKeGds_. 

mnusSGacmanemeraKenH kñúgry³eBlrab;qñaM edaymindwgfa BYkeKmanemeraKenH edaysarEtKμaneraK 

sBaØaGVITaMgGs;. BYkeKmanragkay nig manGarmμN_faxøÜnmansuxPaBl¥eBjelj muneBlEdl 

eraKsBaØaCMgWeGds_elcecjeLIg. 



Bit 


eraKsBaØaxagelITaMgenH KWCaeraKsBaØarbs;CMgWkameraKmYycMnYn bu:EnþminEmnCMgWeGds_enaHeT. 


Bit 

emeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_GacBüa)alCaeday³ 


RBhμcarIminmanGMNacGVI edIm,IBüa)alGñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_eLIy. karyl;xusEbbenH eFVI[®sþI 

ekμg²Ca eRcInnak;kan;EtmanhanIP½yqøgemeraKeGds_. 

110 


BuMman»sfBüa)al b¤ v:ak;saMgsRmab;emeraKeGds_eLIy. man»sf ¬fñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¦ 

edIm,IBnüWtkarplitemeraKenH enAkñúgGñkEdlpÞúkemeraKenH bu:Enþ »sfTaMgenHminEmnCa»sfsRmab; 

Büa)alCMgWeGds_eLIy. »sfTaMgenHRKan; EtGacBnüareraKsBaØa b¤ karsøab;Etbu:eNÑaH. bnÞab;BIqøg 

ehIy emeraKeGds_sßitenAkñúgsarBagÁkayeBjmYyCIvit.

CMBUk x 

GñkGackarBarxøÜnmin[qøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³ 


Bit 


minBit - BuMmanviFINaGacbgðajfaédKUrbs;GñkmanemeraKeGds_b¤Gt; tamry³rUbragxageRkAenaHeLIy. 


Bit 



GVIEdlsMxan;enaH KWminEmnRtwmEtbBaÄb;min[mankarcmøgemeraKeGds_eTAkan;GñkdéTbu:eNÑaHeT 

EfmTaMgkat; bnßykarqøgeLIgvij - mann½yfaCakarqøgemeraKeGds_rbs;GñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

rYceTAehIy - [enAticCaGb,brma. enAeBlEdlemeraKenHbgábegáItxøÜn enAkñúgsarBagÁkay vaman 

karpøas;bþÚr dUecñH GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Nak¾ edayGacmanRbePTvIrusepSg²KñaeRcIn. RbB½n§PaBsauM 

rbs;sarBagÁkayRtUvsRmbeTAtamemeraK edIm,IGacRbqaMgnwg emeraKkñúgTRmg;nImYy² EdlGacbegáI 

[manCaemeraKRbePTfμIenAelIRbB½n§PaBsauM. RbsinebIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_cMnYn 2 nak;eFVIkarrYmePT 

edayKμankarkarBar BYkeKnwgcmøg[KñaeTAvijeTAmknUvemeraKkñúgTRmg;epSg²BIKña Edlmñak;²Gacman. 


GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_minKYrRtUv)aneKbBaÄb;BIkargareLIy. BYkeKCaeRcInnak; enAmankmøaMgRKb;RKan; 

edIm,IeFVIkargar ehIytamry³kargarenH BYkeKGacrkcMNUl)anxøH. kargark¾CaktþasMxan; edIm,IelIk 

TwkcitþBYkeKpgEdr. GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA)anCaeRcInqñaM muneBlecjeraKsBaØaCMgWeGds_ 

dUecñH BYkeKKYrRtUv)aneKGnuBaØat[bnþeFVIkargareTot. 

111

]bsm TTYlTan[)anl¥ ecosvagCatiRsvwgnig)arI nig ecosvagPaBtantwg 

sarBagÁkayRtUvkarGaharEdlmanCIvCati edIm,IRTRTg;pþl;famBl nig [sarBagÁkaymanPaBrwgmaM 

edIm,IGac RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgCMgW. CatiRsvwg nig )arIeFVI[xUcxatsmtßPaBrbs;sarBagÁkay kñúgkar 

RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgCMgWepSg² dUecñH karQb; b¤ karkat;bnßykareRbIR)as;CatiRsvwg nig )arIGacCYy[ 

sarBagÁkaymanPaBrwgmaM. 

112

CMBUk x 

113

CMBUkK³ 

karrYmePT eRKOgejón 

nigRkmsIlFm’ 

esckþIepþIm 

kñúgRbeTskm

lMhat; 

lMhat;cab;epþIm 

K>1> eyIgTaMgGs;KñasßitenAkñúgTUkEtmYy ¡ ¬El,gedImb¤sSI - El,gfamBl¦ 

K>2> El,gsþIbenÞas - GIVEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBI>>>>>>>>> 

karvinicä½y nigkarmak;gay 

K>3> karvinicä½yeTAelItYGgÁ ¬b½NÑtYGgÁ¦ 

K>4> lMhat;bBa¢ak;GMBIKuNtémø 

eynD½r nigkarmak;gay 

K>5> eynD½r nigkarmak;gay - esckþIepþIm 

K>6> eynD½r nigkarmak;gay - lMhat;vdþCIvit 

K>7> etIRtUvbenÞasnrNacMeBaHkarnaMeGds_cUlpÞH? 

karrYmePT nigkarmak;gay 

K>8> ebIkcMhrkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT 

K>9> karykeRsamGnam½ytamxøÜnnaM[mankarmak;gay 

eRKOgejón nigkarmak;gay 

K>10> karyl;eXIjdMbUgGMBIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 

K>11> karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejónkñúgbribTepSg²Kña 

K>12> \T§iBlénkarmak;gayeTAelIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 

K>13> enAeBlEdleRKOgejón nigemeraKeGds_cUlpÞH 

115

K>1 eyIgTaMgGs;KñasßitenAkñúgTUkEtmYy¡ 

¬El,gedImb¤sSI-lMhat;kMedAsac;duM¦ 

116 


enHKWCaEl,gmYyedIm,IENnaMGMBIeKalKMnitfa eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtTTYlrg plb:HBal;BIemeraK 

eGds_ bu:EnþeyIgEbrCamak;gaycMeBaHGñkEdl)anpÞúkemeraKeGds_eTAvij . GñkGaceRbIR)as;El,g 

kMsanþNamYyk¾)anEdlmanGtßn½ylubbM)at; b¤dkecjnUvGñkcUlrYmmYycMnYn . El,gTaMgenHCMruj 

dl;karBiPakSaGMBIGarmμN_EdlRtUv)aneKlubbM)at; b¤dkecjBIRkum . enAcugbBa©b;énEl,gkMsanþ cUr 

sYrsMnYreTAkan;GñkEdlRtUv)aneKlub bM)at; b¤dkecjfa {etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþcEdr enAeBl 

EdlGñkRtUv)aneKdkecj[eTAGgÁúyemIlsmaCikdéTeTot EdlkMBugelgEl,gkMsanþenH? } 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énemeronenH sikçakamnwgTTYlsÁal;fa mnusSRKb;rUbsuT§EtRbQmeTAnwgkarqøgemeraK 

eGds_ dUecñH BuMmanehtuplNaEdlRtUvmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enaHeT . 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

15 naTI 

CMhan 

1> El,gedImb¤sSI³ esñI[GñkcUlrYmelgEl,gkMsanþenH QrCargVg; . GñksRmbsRmYlRtUvCRmab 

esckþIENnaM EdlCabTbBa¢acMnYnBIrdl;sikçakam KW { b¤sSI } ¬sikçakamRtUvGgÁúycuH¦ nig {TMBaMg} 

¬sikçakamRtUvegIbQr¦. bnÞab;mkGñksRmbsRmYlRtUvniyayBaküTaMgBIrenHjab;² nigtRmUv[ 

GñkcUlrYmelgEl,gkMsanþGnuvtþeTAtambBa¢arbs;GñksRmbsRmYl . GñkEdlGnuvtþpÞúyBIbTbBa¢a 

nwgRtUvdkecjBIkarcUlrYmelgEl,gkMsanþenH . bnÞab;mkcUrp¥akkarelgEl,gkMsanþ nigsYrsMnYr 

xN³eBlEdlGñkcUlrYmelgEl,gkMsanþTaMgGs;kMBugQr .

CMBUk K 

2> karsYrsMnYr³ cUrsYrsMnYreTAkan; 

GñkEdlRtUv)andkecjBIkarelgEl,gkMsanþ - etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc? 

GñkEdlenAbnþelgEl,gkMsanþ - etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc? 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBlEdlnrNamñak;eFIVxus? etIbuKÁlmñak;enaHmanGarmμN_dUcemþc? 

etIeyIgGaceronsURtGIVxøHBIEl,gkMsanþGMBIkarmak;gayenH? 






GñkEdlRtUv)andkecjBIkarelgEl,gkMsanþ - etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc? 

ehtuGIVk¾CarUb´? xwg RcbUkRcbl; xμaseGon . ´manGarmμN_fa ´)aneFIVxus ehIy´mindwgfa ehtuGIV 

)anCaeKdkécjenaHeT. ehtuGIVk¾minpþl;»kas[´mþgeTot? ´manGarmμN_fa Gñk 

déTkMBugesIccMGk[´ . ´manGarmμN_Ékeka . ´manGarmμN_l¥ enAeBl 

EdlGñkdéTRtUv)aneKdkecjdUcÉdr eRBaHÉlgenAÉkekaEtmñak;ÉgeTot ak;ÉgeTot 

ehIy. ćg;[GñkdéTeTot RtUv)aneKdkecjEdr eRBaHeBlenaH H BYkeKnwg 

cUlrYmCamYyénAkñúgRkum {Gñkcaj;} pgEdr . 

GñkEdlenAbnþelgEl,gkMsanþ - etIGñkmanGarmμN_ 

dUcemþc? 

´manGarmμN_P½yCaxøaMg. ćg;eKcBIkardkecjBIRkum dUecñH´ 

mankarRbugRby½tñxøaMgNas; . RtUvehIy ´BitCa)anesIccMGk[ 

GñkdéTEmn - vaCaerOgFmμtaenaHeT . vaKWCasßanPaBmYYyEdl 

mankarRbkYtRbECgCaxøaMg dUecñHenAeBlEdlnrNaeFIVxus Gñk 

RtUvesIc edIm,IsRmYlPaBtantwg . 

117

K>1 

eyIgTaMgGs;KñasßitenAkñúgTUkEtmYy¡ 

¬El,gedImb¤sSI-lMhat;kMedAsac;duM¦ 


etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBlEdlnrNamñak;eFIVxus? 

GñkdéTeTotesIc cg¥úlmuxGñkEdleFIVxus esIccMGk cg;[GñkEdleFIVxusmñak;enaHcakecjBIkarelg 

El,gkMsanþ 

etIeyIgGaceronsURtGIVxøHBIEl,gkMsanþGMBIkarmak;gayenH? 

GñkcUlrYmesIccMGkenAeBlEdlGñkdéTeFIVxus EdlenHKWCaTRmg;mYyénkardkecj nigeFIV[ 

GñkEdlRtUv)aneKdkecj ¬mak;gay¦ manGarmμN_minl¥ . 

karesIccMGkGñkdéTEdl)aneFIVxus GacbkRsayfaCaTRmg;mYyénkarbenÞas . 

karesIccMGkeTAelIkarRbRBwtþrbs;GñkdéTekIteLIgedayÉkÉg b¤edaymindwgxøÜn . 

karmak;gayekIteLIgkñúgTRmg;dUcKñadUecñHEdr KWeyIgEtgmindwgfa eyIgkMBugEteFVIkarmak;gay 

enaHeT . eyIgbeBa©jskmμPaBkñúglkçN³EdleyIgFøab;eXIjeKeFIVenAkñúgsgÁm . 

vaCakargayNas;kñúgkarEdleyIgeFIVxusenAkñúgkarelgEl,gkMsanþ nigenAkñúgCIvitBit - ]> kar 

mineRbIR)as; eRsamGnam½y b¤karRbfuyRbfanenAkñúgkarRbRBwtþrYmePTrbs;eyIg . 

enAeBlEdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWmann½yfa GñkQandl;dMNak;kalcugeRkayehIy Gñkmin 

Gac {man»kasCaelIkTIBIr} eToteLIy . 

GñkEdlenAman»kaselgEl,gkMsanþ kMBugsmøwgemIl nigvinicä½yeTAelIkarRbRBwtþrbs;GñkdéT 

EdlcMNuc enHKWRsedogKñaeTAnwgrebobEdleyIgeFIVkarmak;gaydUecñaHEdr . 



niyay. 

El,gkMsanþenH bgðajR)ab;eyIgfa {eyIgTaMgGs;KñasßitenAkñúgTUkEtmYy.} BuMmankarEbgEckrvag 

BYkeyIg nig BYkeK enaHeT . eyIgTaMgGs;KñakMBugRbQmmuxnwgrs;enACamYykarqøgraldalenH 

TaMgGs;Kña. eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtTTYlrgplb:HBal; eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtFøab;eFIVkarRbfuyRbfan 

naeBlNamYyenAkñúgCIvitrbs;BYkeyIg ehIyBYkeyIgCaeRcInnak; k¾enAEtkMBugRbRBwtþkarRbfuyRbfan 

TaMgenaHEdr . BYkeyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtmanmitþP½kþi b¤sac;jatiEdl)ansøab;edaysarCmWeGds_ . 

118

CMBUk K 

mnusSCaeRcIncUlcitþesIccMGk nigykGñkdéTmkelgesIc bu:Enþ éfNamYyBYkeKk¾nwg {Føak;eTAkñúg 

TwkTenø } dUcKñaEdr ehIyenAeBlenaHGñkdéTeTotnwgesIccMGk[BYkeK. cUrcgcaMfa emeraKeGds_ 

bgáplb:HBal;dl;mnusSRKb;rUb . 

karmak;gayeTAelIGñkdéT eFIV[eyIgmanGarmμN_RKbdNþb;eTAelIGñkdéT. vaeFIV[eyIgmanGarmμN_ 

faeyIgRtUv ehIyeKCaGñkxus. bu:Enþy:agNamij eyIgTaMgGs;KñasßitenAkñúgTUkEtmYy . 

eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtRbQmeTAnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ dUecñHBuMmanehtuplNamYykñúgkarmak;gay 

b¤benÞasGñkEdl)anpÞúkemeraKeGds_rYceTAehIyenaHeT. eyIgGacCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_naéfNa 

mYydUcBYkeKEdr. 

suPasitrbs;Ga®hVik ³ 

eRKaHEdlFøak;mkelIxøÜnénAéfenH GacFøak;eTA 

elIxøÜnGñkenAéfEs¥k ¡ eRKaHrbs;mitþP½kþiGñkGackøayCa 

eRKaHrbs;Gñk . 

buNüsBrbs;Gñk KwCabuNüsBrbs;´ . 

enAeBlEdl´manviFIbuNüsB GñknwgmklYgelam´ . 

BYkeyIgnwgCYyedaHRsaybnÞúkKñaeTAvijeTAmk . 

119

K>2 El,gsþIbenÞas - GIVEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBI>>> 


lMhat;enHCYy[sikçakamniyayGMBIkarmak;gaycMeBaHRbePTmnusSepSg²Kña. PasaEdleKeRbIR)as; 

GacCamansPaBxøaMgkøabnþic dUecñHtRmUv[eFIVkarsRmbsRmYledayRbugRby½tñ . 

cMNgeCIgtUc²énlMhat;enH maneQμaHfa { GIVEdl RbCaCn niyayGMBI>>>>} . XøaenHGnuBaØat[ 

sikçakambeBa©jmtieyabl;GMBIkarlabBN’EdlCakarmak;gayrbs;BYkeKpÞal;cMeBaHRkumdéT 

eRkamBaküfa {RbCaCn} EdlBaküfa RbCaCnenHk¾RKbdNþb;eTAelIBYkeKpgEdr . dUecñHmann½yfa 

xN³eBlEdlBakümYycMnYnKWCaBaküEdlshKmn_eRbIR)as;CaTUeTA BaküTaMgGs;enaHk¾CaBakü 

EdlsikçakamFøab;eRbIR)as;pgEdr . 

kñúgkarGnuvtþlMhat;enH eyIgKYrbBa¢ak;[c,as;fa eyIgkMBugeRbIR)as;BaküTaMgenH minEmnedIm,IbBaÄW 

RbCaCnenaHeT bu:Enþ KWedIm,IbgðajGMBIkarEdlBakümak;gayTaMgenHnaM[mankarQWcab; . 

enAkñúgkarsaksYrsMnYrkñúglMhat;enH cUrepþateTAelI {GarmμN_rbs;sikçakamGMBIkarEdlGñkdéTehA 

eQμaHBYkeKrebobenH} CaCagepþatelIGtßn½yBaküTaMgGs;enaH . TegVIEbbenHCYybeBa¢óskaresIc 

TaMgeGonxμas . cMNucrYménlMhat;enH KWedIm,ICYy[RbCaCndwgGMBIrebobEdlBaküTaMgGs;enH 

Gacbgá[mannUvkarQWcab; . 

dMbUnμanbEnßmsRmab;GñksRmbsRmYl ³ 

cMnYnénTIkEnøgsRmab;erobcMpÞaMgRkdasFM¼RbePTpÞaMgRkdasFM GaRs½yelIcMnYnsikçakam nig 

eBlevlaEdlGñkman. RbsinebIGñkmancMnYnsikçakameRcIn Gñkk¾nwgRtUvkarkEnøgerobcMpÞaMg 

RkdasFM¼RbePTpÞaMgRkdasFMeRcInpgEdr edIm,IeCosvagRkumnimYy²mansmaCikeRcIneBk . 

karRbmUlpþúMKMnitEdltRmUv[sikçakameFIVclnaCargVg; KWCaskmμPaBmYyKYrCaTIrIkray bu:Enþkar 

eronsURtBitR)akd KWsßitenAkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarsYrsMnYr dUecñHRtUvFanafa Gñkpþl;eBlevla¼ 

famBlRKb;RKan;sRmab;skmμPaBenH . 

GñkRtUvEsVgyl;GMBIGarmμN_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;GñkCamunsin muneBlBüayamsRmbsRmYlkarBiPakSa 

enHCamYyGñkdéT. 

RbqaMgeTAnwgGñkesIccMGk . CaerOy² sikçakamnwgesIcEdlsMeNIcenH KWbNþalmkBIkar 

xμaseGon . enHKWCa »kasmYyd¾l¥edIm,IsYrsMnYr { etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþcEdrGMBIkarEdl 

eKesIcEbbenH? } 

120

CMBUk K 

eKalbMNg 

enAeBlcugbBa©b;énemeronenH sikçakamnwgGac ³ 

kMNt;eTAelIkarlabBN’EdlRbCaCnTUeTAeRbIR)as;kñúgkarmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

nigRkumdéTeTot EdlTTYlrgkarmak;gay 

yl;fa BaküTaMgenHbgá[mankarQWcab; 

RkumeKaledA 

Gñkpþl;karEfTaMsuxPaB buKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nigGgÁkarmUldæanshKmn_ nigshKmn_ 

ry³eBl 

2 em:ag 

karerobcM 

erobcMdak;pÞaMgRkdasFMcMnYn 7kEnøg KWCapÞaMgRkdasTeTs¥at EdlbitenAelICBa¢aMgCuMvijbnÞb; Edl 

pÞaMgRkdasnimYy² mansresrRbFanbTmYyenAelIenaH - ]> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RkumbursRsLaj; 

burs ¬MSM¦ GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay ¬EW¦ Gñkcak;eRKOgejón ¬IDU¦ kumarkMRBa nig®sþI 

emm:ay ¬cUreRCIserIsRkumTaMgLayNa EdlTTYlrgkarmak;gayxøaMgbMputenAkñúgtMbn;rbs;Gñk¦ 

RbePTRkumdéTeTot EdlTTYlrgkarmak;gay GacrYmmanRKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;BICmWeGds_ 

b¤GtifiCnrbs;GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay . 

CMhan 

1> karkMedAsac;duM - El,gbþÚrekAGI ³ erobcMekAGICargVg;TukCamun . pþl;tYnaTIdl;smaCiknimYy² 

EdlkMBugQrCargVg; dUcCa {GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RkumbursRsLaj;burs GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay 

Gñkcak;eRKOgejón kumarkMRBar ®sþIemm:ay.} bnþpþl;tYnaTIrhUtGñkRKb;KñaTTYl)antYnaTIerog² 

xøÜn . bnÞab;mkcUrBnül;GMBIrebobelgEl,genH. 

121

K>2 

El,gsþIbenÞas 

- GIVEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBI>>>>>> 

´KWCaGñkehAeQμaHtYnaTI bu:Enþ´BuMmanekAGIsRmab;GgÁúyenaHeT. enAeBlEdléhAeQμaHtYnaTI 

cMnYn BIr - ]> { GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ } nig { RkumbursRslaj;burs} GñkEdlmantYnaTICa {Gñk 

pÞúkemeraK eGds_ } nig { RkumbursRsLaj;burs } TaMgGs;RtUvegIbQreLIg nigrt;edIm,IEsVgrkekAGI 

fμI. ńwgBüayamcab;ykekAGImYy. GñkEdlmin)anTTYlekAGI nwgkøayCaGñkehAeQμaHtYnaTI 

fμI ehIyEl,gkMsanþenH nwgbnþCaerogrhUteTA GñkehAeQμaHtYnaTIk¾GacERskfa {bdivtþn_ } Edl 

enAeBlenaH GñkRKb;KñaRtUvegIbQreLIg nigrt;eTAEsVgrkekAGIfμI . 

edIm,Icab;epþImEl,genH RtUvERskfa { GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigRkumbursRsLaj;burs } nwgeFIV[ {Gñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_ } nig { RkumbursRsLaj;burs } rt;sMedAeTArkekAGIfμI. bnÞab;mkesñI[GñkEdl 

)at;bg;ekAGI ehAeQμaHtYnaTIbEnßmeTot nwgtRmUv[sikçakamrt;eTAEsVgrkekAGIfμI. bnþGnuvtþEl,g 

kMsanþenHrhUtdl;RKb;RkumTaMgGs;man»kasrt;BIr-bIdg. 

karsYrsMnYr ³ cUrsYrsMnYrfa { etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþcEdr enAeBlEdleKehAGñkfa CapÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ b¤CabursRsLaj;burs ? } 

2> El,gsþIbenÞas - GVIEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBI>>>¬karRbmUlpþMúKMnitEdltRmUv[sikçakam 

eFVIclnaCargVg;¦³ 

EbgEcksikçakamCa 7 Rkum Ep¥keTAtamtYnaTIEdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as;enAkñúgEl,gkMsanþ. esñIr[Rkum 

nimYy² eFVIdMeNIreTAkan;kEnøgpÞaMgRkdasrbs;xøÜn. pþl;hVWtdl;RkumnimYy² nigesñI[RkumnimYy² 

sresrenAelIpÞaMgRkdasGMBIGIV² RKb;y:agEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBIsmasPaBGñkEdlenAkñúgRkum 

nimYy². BIrnaTIeRkaymkcUrERskfa {bþÚr } nwgesñI[RkumTaMgGs;eFIVclnaCargVg; nigsresr 

bEnßmcMNucmYycMnYneTAelIpÞaMgRkdasbnÞab;. bnþeFIVrebobenHrhUt dl;RkumTaMgGs;)anrYmcMENk 

dl;pÞaMgRkdasTaMg 7 . 

122

CMBUk K 






GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

qáÜtnwgkarrYmePT manédKUrYmePTeRcIn KμankarTTYlxusRtUv lg; 

¬qøgemeraKeGds_¦KμanRbeyaCn_ s‘y qøgeGds_edaysark,t;RbBn§ 

RtUveKeCrRbmaT GsIlFm’ smnwgsøab; vaKWCakMhusrbs;BYkeK KYr 

kat;eTasRbharCIvit rs;dUcsøab; søab;KμaneKeTAbuNüsB . 

RkumbursRsLaj;burs 

exÞIy qáÜtnwgkarrYmePT ejónnwgkarrYmePT xuseK RtUveKeCrRbmaT 

manCmWsrésRbsaT ePTTIbI GasGaPas KYr[ex

K>2 




GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 

RKb;RKgxøÜnÉgmin)an CamnusSeRKaHfñak; ]RkidæCn ecar mnusSminl¥ 

KμanRbeyaCn_ qáÜtnwgfñaMejón RbqaMgbHe)ar ¬minsþab;«Bukmþay )at 

sgÁm eRkAsgÁm Rtecoks smnwgsøab; KμansIlFm’ CabnÞúkdl; 

sgÁm dutluyecal bMpøajRTBüsm,tþiRKYsar ykexμA-Cas . 

kumarkMRBar 

ecar ]RkidæCn kUnRsIxUc kUnEm:«ekIteGds_ kUncéRg kUnrbs;Em:« Ca 

mnusSminl¥ «Bukmþaysøab;edaysarCmWeGds_ KμanRbeyaCn_ CabnÞúk 

dl;sgÁm KμanGnaKt manCmW GenacGFm yl;xus KμansgÇwm RtUv 

eKrMelaPbMBan . 

emm:ay¼eBaHm:ay 

RsIsuIbþI RsIlYcbþIeK RsIqáÜtnwgkarrYmePT smøab;bþIedIm,IykRTBü 

sm,tþi GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ maneRKaHfñak; CakarKMramkMEhgdl;®sþI 

déTeTot bIsac cmøgCmW KμanRbeyaCn_ . 

124

CMBUk K 

3> r)aykarN_RtLb;³ esñI[sikçakamRKb;rUbmkCYbCuMKñaCargVg;mYyFM . esñI[sikçakammñak;BIRkum 

nimYy²QrenAkNþalrgVg; nigGankarehAeQμaHenAelIpÞaMgRkdasrbs;BYkeK cab;epþImedayniyay 

fa {´KWCaGñkpÞúkemeraK-eGds_ ¬b¤eQμaHRkumdéTeTot¦ ehIyenHKWCaGIVEdlGñkniyayGMBI´>>>} 

4> dMeNIrkarbnþ³ bnÞab;BIpÞaMgRkdasTaMgGs;RtUv)anGanrYcral; cUrsYrsMnYrTaMgGs;xageRkam ³ 

etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc RbsinebIGñk ¬b¤smaCikRKYsarrbs;Gñk¦RtUv)aneKehAeQμaHTaMgenH? 

ehtuGIV)anCaeyIgeRbIR)as;PasaEdlnaM[mankarQWcab;TaMgenH ? 

etImankarsnñidæanGVIxøHEdlsßitenABIeRkaykarlabBN’TaMgenH ? 

etITaMgenHbgðajeyIgGIVxøHGMBITMnak;TMngrvagPasa nigkarmak;gay? 






etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc RbsinebIGñkRtUv)aneKehAeQμaHTaMgenH? 

eRkomRkM xwg RtUv)aneKykmkelgesIc eKeFIVmkelIxøÜnedayPaBGyutþiFm’ RtUv)aneKTat;ecal xμaseGon 

Gam:as; . eKkMBugcg¥úleTaskMhusTaMgGs;mkelI´ . vaeFIV[´manGarmμN_eRkomRkM nigGam:as; . 

ćg;Etsøab;eT . ´manGarmμN_minl¥Tal;EtesaH KẂ manGarmμN_fa RtUv)aneKTat;ecal nigriHKn; . 

eKkMBugEtrujRcanéTA[qay . vaeFIV´manGarmμN_fa eKeFIVmkelIédayPaBGyutþiFm’ . karEdl 

´manpÞúkemeraKeGds_minEmnCa kMhusrbs;éT bu:Enþ´RtUv)aneKbenÞasrhUt . ńwglak;)aMgCmWrbs; 

´BIGñkdéT edIm,IkuM[eKmak;gay´ . ´manGarmμN_fa Gs;sgÇwm . ´)at;bg;TMnukcitþTaMgGs; . ´min 

dwgfa ńwgrs;enAy:agdUcemþcenaHeT . ´mankUnRsI v½yCMTg; ehIyvaeFIV´xwgy:agxøaMg enAeBlEdl´ 

B¤eKehAeQμaHý:agdUecñH . 

125

K>2 





niyay. 

eyIgTTYlrg\T§iBlBIsgÁm b¤sßiteRkamlkçxNÐEdltRmUv[eyIgeFIVkarvinicä½yeTAelIGñkdéT . eyIg 

vinicä½yeTAelIGñkdéT edayEp¥kelIkarsnñidæanGMBIkarRbRBwtþrbs;BYkeK . 

karrYmePTKWCabBaðamYyEdleKhamXat;min[niyay³ eKcat;Tukfa enHKWCabBaðaKYr[xμaseGon 

EdleyIgminKYrniyayenaHeLIy . dUecñH GñkEdlcUlcitþsb,aynwgkarrYmePT RtUv)ansnñidæanfa 

CakarEdlKYr[Gam:as; . 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RkumbursRsLaj;burs GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay nigGñkcak;eRKOgejón suT§ 

swgEtRtUv)aneKlabBN’fa CaGñkGsIlFm’pøÚvePT . BYkeKRtUv)aneKehAeQμaHfa CaGñkEdlejón 

nwgkarrYmePT GñkEdlman)abkmμ KμankarTTYlxusRtUv GñkekIteGds_. 

GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay TTYlrgkarmak;gayxøaMgCagGtifiCnrbs;BYkeK . xN³eBlEdlGñkbMerI 

esvakMsanþsb,ayTTYlrgkarefáaleTasEpñkRkmsIlFm’GtifiCnrbs;BYkeKminRtUv)ansþIbenÞas 

enaHeT . \riyabfKW {RbusenAEtCaRbus} RbusKWeKcUlcitþelgesIcEtGBa©wg . 

RsTab;énkarmak;gay³ GñkEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;BIkarmak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_ CaerOy²Etg 

CaGñkEdlTTYlrgkarmak;gayrYcmkehIy - ]> ®sþI GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay RkumbursRsLaj; 

burs Gñkcak;eRKOgejón . BYkeKTaMgGs;enHBuMsUvmanGMNackñúgkarRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

eLIy . 

karlabBN’TaMgenHbgðajfa enAeBlEdleyIgeFIVkarmak;gay eyIgElgcat;TukGñkdéTCamnusS 

eTotehIy. eyIg)anePøcGMBIPaBCamnusSrbs;BYkeK ¬edayeRbIR)as;BaküesIccMGk b¤bnÞabbenßak 

témømnusS¦ehIyTegVIEbbenH eFIV[eyIgmanGarmμN_fa eyIgmanGMNac nigkarRKbdNþb;eTAelI 

BYkeK . 

karlabBN’TaMgenHEp¥kelIkarsnñidæan EdleyIgmanB½t’manminRKb;RKan; . skmμPaBEbbenH KWCa 

karTaj esckþIsnñidæanTUeTAEdlKμansuBlPaB . eyIgRKan;Etsnñidæanfa {RbCaCndéTeTot } manPaB 

GasGaPas x¢ilRcGUs qáÚtnwgkarrYmePT s‘y .l. 

126

CMBUk K 

eyIgcat;TukcriklkçN³sm,tþimYycMnYnfaCacriklkçN³rbs;RkummYynigCnRKb;rUbEdlCasmaCik 

rbs;RkumenaH. eyIgsnñidæanfa smaCikRKb;rUbénRkumenaH mancriklkçN³dUcKña - ]> GñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_suT§EtqáÚtnwgkarrYmePT b¤cak;eRKOgejón . 

Bakümak;gaymanPaBFn;Fr nigbgá[mankarGama:s;CaxøaMg - BaküTaMgenaHman\T§iBly:agsem,Im 

kñúgkarbgáPaBQWcab; ykGñkdéTmkelgesIc nigbMpøajTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉgrbs;GñkdéT . 

dUecñH etIeyIgKYrRbRBwtþcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_y:agdUcemþc? eyIgKYrpþl;[BYkeKnUv k¦ kareKarB 

nig karRsLaj; x¦ karKaMRT nigkarelIkTwkcitþ K¦ »kas TIkEnøg nigkarTTYlsÁal;kñúgsgÁm . 

RbsinebIeyIg eFIVEbbenH BYkeKnwgrkSa)annUvTMnukcitþrbs;xøÜn ehIyktþaenH nwgCYyBYkeK[rs;enA 

)anyUrGEgVg . bu:Enþ RbsinebIeyIgRbRBwtþminl¥eTAelIBYkeK BYkeKnwgqab;søab; bu:Enþkarsøab;rbs; 

BYkeKBuMEmnbNþalmkBICmWenaHeT KWbNþalmkBIGarmμN_xμaseGon kardak;[enAdac;edayELkBI 

eK nigkarTat;ecalBIsgÁm . bEnßmBIenHeTot BYkeKnwgrkSaPaBesómsat;edayminebIkcMhrGMBI 

sßanPaBrbs;BYkeK EdlktþaenHnwgbNþal[mankarcmøgemeraKeGds_eTAGñkdéT b¤ BYkeKGacnwg 

manRbtikmμedaykarxwgsm,ar ehIyBüayamy:agskmμkñúgkarcmøgemeraKeGds_eTAGñkdéT . 

ehtuGIV)anCaeyIgefáaleTasRkummYycMnYn nigTTYlykRkumepSgeTot? eyIgminEmnniyayfa Gñk 

cak;eRKOgejón b¤GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay RtUv b¤ xus enaHeT . mincMeBaHfa eyIgyl;Rsb b¤ 

minyl;RsbCamYynrNamñak; eyIgKμansiT§ibnÞabbenßaktémørbs;mnusSmñak;enaHeLIy . eyIgRtUv 

RkelkemIlmnusSmñak; faCamnusSnwgRtUvsgát;Fn;eTAelIKuNtémøCamnusSrbs;buKÁlmñak;enaH . 

Büayamdak;xøÜneyIgeTAkñúgsßan - PaBrbs;GñkdéT - etIeyIgmanGarmμN_dUcemþc RbsinebIeyIgRtUv 

)aneKehAeQμaHTaMgGs;enaHvij. ebIeTaHbICaeyIgmincUlcitþbuKÁlNamñak;k¾eday cUreyIgBüayam 

EsVgyl;BIbuKÁlenaH . 

127

K>3 

karvinicä½yeTAelItYGgÁ ¬b½NÑtYGgÁ¦ 


lMhat;enH RbsinebIsRmbsRmYlmin)anl¥ GacCMruj[manbBaðaCak;lak;mYycMnYn . dUecñHRtUvCYy 

RkumepþateTAelIkarBüayamyl;GMBItYGgÁ CaCageFIVkarvinicä½yeTAelItYGgÁ . 

eKalbMNg 

enAeBlcugbBa©b;énemeronenH sikçakamnwgGac ³ 

yl;)ankan;EteRcInGMBIRbePTmnusSEdleyIgEtgeFIVkarvinicä½y 

RbqaMgeTAnwgkarsnñidæanEdlsßitenABIeRkaykarvinicä½yrbs;eyIgGMBIGñkdéT. 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> EbgEcksikçakamCaKU nigesñI[KUnimYy²eRCIserIstYGgÁmYy . esñI[KUnimYy²begáItsac;erOgmYyGMBI 

tYGgÁenaH dUcCa muxrbrrbs;tYGgÁ karRbQmrbs;tYGgÁcMeBaHkarqøgemeraKeGds_ nigrebobEdlKU 

nimYy²nwgeFIVkarvinicä½y eTAelItYGgÁmñak;enaH faetI { KμaneTas } b¤ { maneTas} . 

2> esñI[KUnimYy²dak;tYGgÁenaHenAelIb½NÑføwgEføg nigbnÞab;mkRtUveFIVkarføwgEføgeTAelICeRmIsrbs; 

BYkeK { ehtuGIV )anCaGñkdak;tYGgÁenaHenAcugmçagénb½NÑføwgEføg ¬kMNt;fa KμaneTas b¤maneTas¦?} 

xageRkamKWCa]TahrN_éncMelIyeqøIytb. cMelIyTaMgenHmintMrUveGayeqøIyeT ehIyGñkminrMBwg 

eGayGancMelIyTaMgenaHlW²eT. 

128

CMBUk K 


tYGgÁ karRbQm karsnñidæan maneTas¼ 

KμaneTas 

nKr)al x

K>3 

karvinicä½yeTAelItYGgÁ¬b½NÑtYGgÁ¦ 

3> cUrsYrsMnYrfa- {etIkarmak;gaynwgbgá[b:HBal;dl;tYGgÁy:agdUcemþc? etIkarmak;gayTaMgenaH 

nwgeFIV[BYkeKkan;EtmanPaBebIkcMhrkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðaEdrb¤eT ¬]> eTAeFIVetsþQamrkemeraK 

eGds_ ebIkcMhrGMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK eRbIR)as;esvasuxPaB ¦ b¤karmak;gayTaMgenaH nwgeFIV[ 

eKlak;)aMgGMBIbBaða? } 






karmak;gay nwgeFIV[RbCaCnlak;)aMgGMBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK b¤eKcevHkareFIVetsþ 

QamrkemeraKeGds_ . 

ebIeTaHbICaBYkeKdwgfaBYkeKmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾eday BYkeKGacminR)ab;B½t’manenHeTAkan; 

édKUrbs;BYkeKeLIy EdlktþaenHnwgnaM[édKUrbs;BYkeKRbQmnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ . 

4> dMeNIrkarbnþ³ 

etIeyIg)aneronsURtGIVxøHBIlMhat;enH ? 

ehtuGIV)anCaRbCaCneFIVkarvinicä½yeTAelImnusSmYycMnYnfa {maneTas} nig mnusSmYycMnYneTot 

fa {KμaneTas} ? 

etIGIVxøHCakarsnñidæanEdlsßitenABIeRkaykarvinicä½yTaMgenH? 

RbsinebIGñkRtUv)aneKtiHedolEbbenH etIGñknwgmanGarmμN_EbbNa nigetIGñknwgeFIVxøÜny:ag 

dUcemþc? nwgeFIV[eKlak;)aMgGMBIbBaða? } 

130

CMBUk K 






karsnμt;enAxageRkaykarvinicä½y³ 

GñkEdlmankargarCak;lak;mYycMnYn dUcCa GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay nKr)al GñkcMerogRsI 

TTYlrgkarxμaseGon nigkarsþIbenÞasfa CaGñkEdlelμaPkam R)ascakRkmsIlFm’ eFIV[RKYsar 

Gama:s; edIrcmøgemeraKeGds_ .l. 

GñkCMnYjKμaneTaseT GaRs½yedayBYkeKRKan;EteFIVnUvGIVEdlCaTmøab;TUeTArbs;bursbu:eNÑaH . 

empÞHRtUv)aneKemIleXIjfa KμaneTas GaRs½yedayBYkeKKμansiT§iRKb;RKgeTAelIkarrYmePT 

rbs;BYkeKeLIy. BYkeKminGacsuM[sVamIrbs;BYkeKeRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y)aneT . 

RbCaCnEdlmanzan³kargarx segçb ³ bBa©b;emeronedayeFIVesckþIsegçbcMNucsMxan;² Edlsikçakam)anelIkeLIgkñúglMhat;. 


niyay. 

eyIgsnñidæanGMBIkarRbRBwtþrbs;GñkdéT edayEp¥kelI muxrbr rUbragÁ b¤karRbRBwtþ rbs;BYkeK. enA 

kñúgkarsnñidæanTaMgenH eyIgEtgTajesckþIsnñidæanCaTUeTA edaysmμt;fa smaCiknimYy²énRkumNa 

mYyenaH mankarRbRBwtþkñúglkçN³EbbenaH . 

131

K>3 

karvinicä½yeTAelItYGgÁ¬b½NÑtYGgÁ¦ 

eyIgmak;gay b¤ efáaleTaseTAelIRkummnusSmYycMnYnedayBuM)andwgGMBIkarRbRBwtþCak;Esþgrbs; 

BYkeK. kñúgnamCamnusSeyIgEtgeCO b¤snñidæanGMBIGIVEdlGaRkk;bMputGMBIGñkdéT . bu:Enþkarsnñidæan 

EbbenHGacCaxus. 

eyIgeFIVkarvinicä½yeTAelIRkmsIlFm’edayEp¥kelIkarBitCak;EsþgEdlkarRbRBwtþmanlkçN³pÞúy 

eTAnwgKuNtémøsñÚlmYycMnYn ehIyenHKWCaGIVEdlpþl;GMNackñúgkarvinicä½yeTAelIRkmsIlFm’. 

eyIg minEmnniyayfa KuNtémøRkmsIlFm’xusenaHeT bu:EnþeyIgkMBugniyayfa karvinicä½y KWxus . 

enAÉkRmiteKalneya)aykñúgRbeTsma:eLsuI karcak;eRKOgejónRtUv)aneKcat;TukdUcCa kaejón 

sura: KWdUcCaCmWmüa:gdUecñaHEdr. enHKWCaTegIVl¥RbesIr GaRs½yedayvaCYylubbM)at;karvinicä½y - KW 

karefáaleTasEpñkRkmsIlFm’ EdlkñúgkrNIenH Gñkcak;eRKOgejónRKan;EtRtUv)ancat;Tukfa 

{manlkçxNÐmYy} enAkñúgCIvitbu:eNÑaH BuMEmnR)ascakRkmsIlFm’enaHeT . 

karmak;gayeTAelIGñkdéTtamry³kartiHedol nigkarsþIbenÞas KWBuMMGacTTYlyk)aneLIy . eyIg 

TaMgGs;KñasuT§EtmantRmUvkarrYmePT . eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtCaGñkEdlgayrgeRKaH dUecñHeyIg 

KYrQb;eFIVkarvinicä½yeTAelIGñkdéTeTot EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

CYyeFIV[emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ manlkçN³CaCmWFmμta . CMruj[RbCaCncat;TukGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ faCa {GñkCmW } minEmnCa {GñkEdlmankarRbRBwtþminl¥ } enaHeT . 

karEdlmnusSmñak;qøgemeraKeGds_rebobNa KWminsMxan;enaHeT. GIVEdlsMxan;enaHKW RtUvCYy 

mnusSmñak;enaH nigRKYsarrbs;Kat;[RKb;RKgeTAelICmW. cUrQb;BicarNaGMBI {rebobEdlmnusS 

Namñak;qøgemeraKeGds_} nigcUrepþatsMxan;eTAelIGIVEdlGñkGaceFIV)an edIm,IedaHRsayeTAnwg 

lkçxNÐenH . 

eGds_BuMEmnCaPaBGaRkk;EpñkRkmsIlFm’enaHeT . eGds_ KWCaCmWmüa:g ehIyCmWenHGacRKb;RKg 

)an. 

132

133 

CMBUk K

K>4 lMhat;bBa¢ak;GMBIKuNtémø 


lMhat;enHGaceRbIR)as;enAeBlcab;epþImsikçasala edIm,IvaytémøeTAelImtieyabl;rbs;GñkcUlrYm . 

KMniteyabl;xus²KñaGacRtUv)anykmkeRbIR)as;edIm,IdwknaMkarBiPakSa)an . 

eKalbMNg 


eFIVkarviPaKGMBImUlehtuEdlmnusSxus²KñaRtUv)aneKvinicä½yxus²Kña 

eFIVkarviPaKeTAelIesckþIsnñidæanEdlsßitenABIeRkaykarvinicä½yrbs;eyIgGMBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

134

CMBUk K 

smÖar³ 

erobcMsresrRbeyaKmYycMnYnenAelIpÞaMgRkdasFM ehIybitenAelICBa¢aMg 

RbeyaK³ EdlRtUvsresrenAelIRkdaspÞaMgFM³ 

k> smaCikRKYsarKYrdwgB½t’man enAeBlEdlsmaCikRKYsarNamñak;eFIVetsþQammanpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_. 

x> buKÁliksuxPaBmansiT§idwgfa GñkCmWrbs;BYkeKNaxøHmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

K> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_KYrTTYlTanGahar nigdMeNk dac;edayELkBIsmaCikRKYsardéTeTot. 

X> RbsinebIédKUmñak;manCmWeGds_ édKUmñak;eTot KYrEfTaMédKUrbs;xøÜn. 

g> emeraKeGds_ KWCakarTNÐkmμsRmab;karRbRBwtþminl¥. GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_)anRbRBwtþGMeBI 

minl¥ . 

c> eGds_CaCmWEdlbgáplb:HBal;dl;GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay nigGñkcak;eRKOgejónbu:eNÑaH. 

q> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ minKYrGnuBaØat[erobGaBah_BiBah_enaHeT. 

C> ®sþIpÞúmemeraKeGds_ minKYrGnuBaØat[mankUnenaHeT. 

Q> kUnrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ minKYrGnuBaØat[eTAsalaeronenaHeT. 

j> Gñkcak;eRKOgejón KYrRtYtBinitü[)anditdl;BIGaCJaFrshKmn_. 

d> KYr[eBsüacarmanlkçN³Rsbc,ab; nigpþl;esvaevC¢sa®sþdl;GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay. 

f> KYrdkGñkcak;eRKOgejónecjBIRbCaCnTUeTA ehIydak;BYkeKenAelIekaHmYy . 

¬GñkGacbEnßmRbeyaKpÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk EdlRsbeTAnwgbribT b¤RkumeKaledArbs;Gñk. ¦ 

CMhan 

1> karGegátqab;rh½s ³ esñI[sikçakameFIVdMeNIreTAkan;pÞaMgRkdasnimYy² nigsresrGMBIkaryl; 

eXIjrbs;BYkeK cMeBaHRbeyaKnimYy² faetIBYkeK {ÉkPaB} {minÉkPaB} b¤ { minR)akd } . 

135

K>4 

lMhat;bBa¢ak;GMBIKuNtémø 

2> cgRkglT§plenAkñúgtaragmYy ³ enAeBlEdlsikçakam)anGnuvtþkargarenHrYcral; cUrkt;Rta 

lT§plBIsMnYr nimYy². ]> ÉkPaB = 15 / minÉkPaB = 10 / minR)akd = 3 . 

3> karBiPakSaeBjGgÁ³ eRCIserIsykRbeyaKmþgmYy². esñI[sikçakammñak;GanRbeyaK nig 

lT§plBIkarGegát. bnÞab;mkesñI[sikçakammñak;EdlÉkPaBeTAnwgRbeyaKenaH eFIVkarBnül;GMBI 

mUlehtuEdlKat;ÉkPaB nigsikçakammñak;eTot EdlminÉkPaB eFIVkarBnül;GMBImUlehtuEdlKat; 

minÉkPaB. 

4> dMeNIrkarbnþ³ cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIGIVxøHCakarsnñidæanEdlsßitenABIeRkayRbeyaKTaMgenH ?} 






RbeyaK k/ x/ K/ nig Q Ep¥kelIkarP½yxøac nigkgVHcMeNHdwgGMBIemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ . 

RbeyaKTaMgenH snñidæanfa mnusSdéTeTotGacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³TMnak;TMngFmμtaCamYy 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

RbeyaK g/ c/ nig f Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkarmak;gayBIsgÁm dUcCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤RkumEdl 

TTYlrgkarmak;gay déTeTotTTYlrgkarsþIbenÞas nigkarGam:as; edaysarkarRbRBwtþCak;lak;mYy 

cMnYn . 

136

CMBUk K 



niyay. 

eyIgTTYlrg\T§iBlBIsgÁm b¤sßiteRkamlkçxNÐEdltRmUv[eyIgeFIVkarvinicä½yeTAelIGñkdéT eday 

Ep¥kelIkarsnñidæanGMBIkarRbRBwtþrbs;BYkeK. 

GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay RkumbursRsLaj;burs Gñkcak;eRKOgejón RtUv)ancat;Tukfa bMBaneTA 

elIbTdæansgÁm dUecñH eKemIleTAelICnTaMgenaH famanRkmsIlFm’minl¥ nigsmnwgTTYlkarefáal 

eTasBIsgÁm . 

mnusSCaeRcInsnñidæanfa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWCaGtItGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón b¤GñkbMerIesvakMsanþ 

sb,ay dUecñH GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾RbQmmuxeTAnwgkarmineBjcitþBIsgÁm nigkarxμaseGonpgEdr . 

kñúgnamCamnusS eyIgEtgeCO b¤snñidæaneTAelIGIVEdlGaRkk;bMputGMBIGñkdéT. 

bc©úb,nñenH emeraKeGds_kMBugbgáplb:HBal;eTAelIRbCaCnTUeTA minEmnEtRkumEdlmankarRbQm 

x

K>4 


eyIgminEmnniyayfa GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay RkumbursRsLaj;burs b¤Gñkcak;eRKOgejón RtUv 

enaHeT. eyIgkMBugniyayfa ebIeTaHbICaGñkminyl;RsbeTAnwgkarRbRBwtþrbs;nrNamñak;k¾eday 

GñkKμansiT§ieFIVkarvinicä½y b¤bnÞabbenßaktémørbs;BYkeKenaHeT. eyIgKYr cat;TukBYkeKfaCamnusS 

edaypþl;nUvPaBCamnusSdl;BYkeK. karEdleyIgeFIVkarmak;gayeTAkan;BYkeK mann½yfaeyIg 

Tat;ecalnUvPaBCamnusSrbs;BYkeK nigcat;TukBYkeKfa Kμantémø. cUrBüayamdak;xøÜnGñkeTAkñúg 

sßanPaBrbs;GñkdéT - etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc RbsinebIGñkEdlRtUv)aneKehAeQμaHEdlRbkb 

edaykarmak;gayTaMgenaH? ebIeTaHbICaGñkmincUlcitþ buKÁlNamñak;k¾eday cUrGñkBüayamEsVg 

yl; nigpþl;kareKarBcMeBaHbuKÁlmñak;enaH. 

dUecñH etIeyIgKYrRbRBwtþcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_y:agdUcemþc? pþl;kareKarB nigkarKaMRTdl;BYkeK . 

Rbsin ebIeyIgRbRBwtþcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_)anl¥RbesIr BYkeKnwgGacrkSaTMnukcitþelIxÜøgÉg 

ehIyktþaenH nwgCYy[BYkeKrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg. bu:Enþ RbsinebIeyIgRbRBwtþminl¥eTAelIBYkeK 

BYkeKnwgqab;søab; bu:Enþkarsøab;rbs;BYkeKBuMEmnbNþalmkBICmWenaHeT KWbNþalmkBIGarmμN_xμas 

eGon kardak;[enAdac;edayELkBIeK nigkarTat;ecalBIsgÁm. ehIyRbsinebIeyIgRbRBwtþminl¥ 

eTAelIBYkeK BYkeKnwgrkSaPaBesómsat; edayminebIkcMhrGMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK EdlktþaenH 

nwgbNþal[mankarcmøgemeraKeGds_eTAGñkdéT. 

eyIgRtUvTTYlsÁal;fa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mansiT§i - ]> siT§ikñúgkarrYmePT erobGaBah_BiBah_ 

mankUn mankargareFIV manmitþPkþi. ebIeTaHbICaBYkeK manpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾eday k¾minEmn 

mann½yfa CIvitrbs;BYkeKRtUvcb;RtwmenHEdr BYkeKenAEtmansiT§imnusS nigsmtßPaBeFIVkarseRmc 

citþkñúgnamCamnusSeBjv½y. 

138

139 

CMBUk K

K>5 

eynD½r nigkarmak;gay - 

esckþIepþIm 

eKalbMNg 


eFIVkarviPaKeTAelImUlehtuEdlmankar)armÖeRcInGMBIPaBelμaPkam 

dwgGMBIrebobEdlBYkeKCYnkaleFIVkarvinicä½yeTAelIGñkdéT 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> niymn½y ³ eFIVkarRbmUlpþúMKMnit[)anqab;rh½s nwgkt;RtacMNucTaMgGs;enAelIpÞaMgRkdas - 

{etIGñkyl;eXIj dUcemþcenAeBlEdlGñkB¤Baküfa {elμaPkam}? 






ehtuGVI)anCaBi)akkñúgkarniyayBIkarrYmePT? 

KμankarTTYlxusRtUv rYmePTCamYyédKUepSgEdlminEmnCabþI b¤RbBn§ KμanPaBesμaHRtg; KμansVamIPkþi 

eBsüacar manédKUeRcIn karrYmePTCaEl,gkMsanþ eRKaHfñak; rt;rkeGds_ man)ab KμansIlFm’ cUlcitþ 

rYmePTRCul qáÜtnwgkarrYmePT eKeTEdlelμaPkamenaH minEmnéT ¡ 

140

CMBUk K 

2> PaBxusEbøkKñaéneynD½r ¬karBiPakSa¦³ enAkñúgRkumeynD½r cUrRbmUlpþúMKMnitEp¥kelIsMNYr 

xageRkam ³ 

etIGñkehAbursEdlmanédKUrYmePTeRcInfadUcemþc? 

etIGñkehA®sþIEdlmanédKUrYmePTeRcInfadUcemþc? 

burselμaPkam 

CabursBitR)akd 

sakl,gPaBCabursrbs;xøÜn 

®sþIelμaPkam 

RsIeBsüa 

qáÜtnwgkarrYmePT 

RsIman)ab 

RsIrt;rkeGds_ 

RsIbMEbkbM)ak; bþI-RbBn§eK 

3> pþl;r)aykarN_RtLb;bnÞab;mkcUrBiPakSasMnYrxageRkam ³ 

ehtuGIV)anCakarvinicä½yeTAelI®sþIFn;FrCagburs? 

etI®sþITTYlrgkarsþIbenÞaseRcInCagbursb¤eT RbsinebIBYkeKpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

etInrNaCaGñkseRmccitþfanrNamñak;CamnusSelμaPkam? 

etInrNaTTYlrgkarmak;gayedaysarEtcMNg;cMNUlcitþkñúgkarrYmePTrbs;BYkeK? ehtuGIV? 

141

K>5 

eynD½rnigkarmak;gay-esckþIepþIm 

KMrUéncemøIyeqøIytb 





manBaküeRcInCagenAkñúgtaragxag®sþI. BaküEdlsresrerobrab;GMBI®sþImanPaBxøaMgkøaCag nig 

tiHedolFn;FrCag. edayELkBaküenAkñúgtaragxagburs minsUveFIVkarvinicä½yeTAelIburseLIy 

ehIyEfmTaMgmanPaBviC¢maneTotpg. reboblkçN³Edl®sþI EdlskmμkñúgkarrYmePTRtUv)aneK 

vinicä½y bNþal[mankarsþIbenÞas nigkarmak;gayRbsinebIBYkeKqøgemeraKeGds_. 



niyay. 

kareXIjrbs;sikçakammñak;²cMeBaHBaküfa elμaPkam nwgmanPaBxusKña GaRs½yeTAtamCMenOrbs; 

BYkeK . 

etInrNaCaGñkeFIVkarvinicä½yfa buKÁlmñak; KWCaGñkEdlelμaPkam ? etIGñkRtUvmanédKUBIGtItkalbu:nμan 

nak; edIm,I[GñkkøayCamnusSEdlelμaPkam? eyIgB¤BaküenHCajwkjab;enAkñúgvis½yeGds_ Edlkñúg 

enaHman karsnñidæanCaeRcInEdlRtUv)aneFIVeLIgeTAelIGtßn½yrbs;BaküenH . 

niymn½ymYyénBakü PaBelμaPkam GacCa { PaBelμaPkam RKan;Etmann½yfa Gñk)anrYmePTCamYy 

mnusSmñak; b¤eRcInnak;déTeTot eRkABIrUb´ . } 

GñkempÞúkemeraKeGds_EtgRtUv)anlabBN’fa elμaPkam ebIeTaHbICaBYkeK )anrYmePTEtmYydg 

CamYymnusSEtmYynak; ehIyqøgemeraKeGds_k¾eday . 

142

143 

CMBUk K

K>6 

eynD½r nigkarmak;gay - 

lMhat;vdþCIvit 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;GtþsBaØaNkarmak;gayenAdMNak;kalxus²Kña enAkñúgvdþCIvitrbs;burs nig®sþI 

dwgGMBIkarEdl®sþIRbQmmuxeTAnwgkarmak;gayeRcInCagburs nigrebobEdlktþaenHbegáInPaB 

gayrgeRKaHrbs;BYkeKcMeBaH emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> vdþCIvit ³ EbgEcksikçakamCa 4Rkum eday 2Rkum RtUvRkelkemIlkarmak;gaykñúgdMNak;kal 

xus²KñaenAkñúgCIvitrbs;burs nig 2RkumeTot RtUvRkelkemIlkarmak;gaykñúgdMNak;kalxus²Kña 

enAkñúgCIvitrbs;®sþI . 

144

CMBUk K 

dMNak;kal ®sþI burs 

eBlcab;kMeNIt RbsinebITarkCaRsI «Bukmþayman «Bukmþaysb,ayrIkray¼ 

GarmμN_fa KμansMNagCaxøaMg . manemaTnPaB enAeBlEdl 

CeRmIsTI1 Edl«Bukmþaycg;)an RbsURt)ankUnRbus . 

KWkUnRbus . 

kUnRbusGacbnþvgSRtkUl 

RKYsar . 

kumarPaB 

GnuBaØat[eTAcUleronenAÉsala 

bu:EnþeBlEdl kumarIRtLb;mkBI 

salaeronvij nagRtUv)anRbKl; 

kic©kargarpÞHCaeRcIn[eFIV . 

mincaM)ac;eFIVkargarpÞH ehIy 

GacelgCa mYymitþPkþienAeBl 

mkBIsalaeronvij . 

v½yCMTg;¼eBjv½y RtUv)ancat;Tukfa Ca { RkLRbhuk } 

¬RtUv)ancat;Tukfa hak;bIdUcCa 

eBlevlamuneBlEdlnagbgábBaða 

mk[RKYsar b¤xøÜnnagpÞal;¦ RbsinebI 

nagman épÞeBaH b¤manTMnak;TMngCamYy 

ekμgkMelaH² nagnwg naMkþIGam:as;mk[ 

RKYsar . nagRtUv)an«Bukmþay emIl 

eXIjfaCabnÞúkmYy ehIy«Bukmþay 

cg;edaHRsaybnÞúkenHedayCMruj[ 

nagerobkar . 

«Bukmþay)armÖfa kUnRbusrbs; 

BYkeKGackøayeTACaejóneRKOg 

ejón . RbsinebI kUnRbusejón 

eRKOgejón «Bukmþaynig vaykUn 

Rbusmñak;enaH cMeBaHkarEdl 

bMpøajkitþiysRKYsar . 

145

K>6 

eynD½rnigkarmak;gay-lMhat;vdþCIvit 

dMNak;kal ®sþI burs 

v½ykNþal enAeBlEdlnagerobkarrYc sm enAeBleFIVdMeNIr 

karsþIbenÞas RbsinebIkUnRsI erobkar eTAqay¦edayKat; { RKan;EteFIV 

min)anl¥ k¾nagTTYlrgkarsþIbenÞas nUvGIVEdlbursRtUv)anrMBwgTukfa 

Edr . RbsinebInagElglHCamYysVamI RtUveFIVbu:eNÑaH . ¦ bu:EnþRbsinebI 

nagTTYlrgkarsþIbenÞasfa CaGñk Kat;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ Kat;nwgRtUv 

bMpøajGaBah_BiBah_ . ®sþIBi)akrk )anshKmn_mak;gay . 

kargareFIV GaRs½yedayeKyl;eXIjfa 

nagminsUv mansmtßPaBdUcburs nig 

Bi)akeFIVkargareBjem:ag eday 

snñidæanfa éfNamYynagnwgmankUn 

nwgRtUvQb;sMrakBIkargar . 

146

CMBUk K 

2> karpþl;r)aykarRtLb; ³ esñI[RkumTaMgGs;bgðajr)aykarN_enAelIpÞaMgRkdasrbs;BYkeK nwg 

eRbobeFobvdþCIvitrbs;®sþI nig burs . EsVgrkkarÉkPaBeTAelIcMNucEdlRkumTaMgGs;)anelIk 

eLIg . 

3> dMeNIrkarbnþ ³ 

etIGIVxøHCalkçN³xusKñarvagvdþCIvitrbs;burs nig®sþI? ehtuGIV? 

ehtuGIV)anCa®sþIRbQmmuxeTAnwgkarmak;gayeRcInCagburs? 

etIktþaenHeFIV[®sþIkan;EtmanPaBgayrgeRKaHkñúgkarqøgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_y:agdUcemþc? 






lkçN³xusKñarvagvdþCIvitrbs;burs nig®sþI - bTdæanmanPaBxusKñaeTVrdg 

®sþITTYlrgkarmak;gaycab;taMgBIéfBYkeKcab;kMeNItrhUtdl;éfEdlBYkeKsøab;eTAvij . 

ekμgRsITTYlrgkarmak;gaycMeBaH ³ karEdlBYkeKekItmkCa®sþI CabnÞúkRKYsar Ca {RkL 

Rbhuk} .l. 

ekμgRbusRtUv)ancat;TukfaCasBaØaénsMNagl¥ nwgRtUv)anpþl;karykcitþTukdak;CaBiess . 

kumarIRtUveFIVkargarpÞH edayELkkumara RtUv)anGnuBaØat[elgCamYymitþPkþirbs;BYkeK . 

kumarIRtUv)anRKb;RKgtamry³kardak;kMhittwgrwg edayELkkumara TTYl)annUvesrIPaB 

eRcInCag . 

kumara nigkumarI v½yCMTg; RtUv)ancat;TukfaCa { RkLRbhuk } kumara GackøayeTACaejón 

eRKOgejón ehIykumarI GackøayeTACamanépÞeBaH b¤narIbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay . 

147

K>6 

eynD½rnigkarmak;gay-lMhat;vdþCIvit 


®sþIRtUv)ancat;TukfaCabnÞúkmYy ehIy«BukmþayEtgcg;[BYkeKerobkarqab;² . 

®sþITTYlrgkarmak;gaycMeBaHGIV²RKb;y:ag - KμankUn RbsURt)ankUnRsI ciBa©wmkUnmin)anl¥ . 

vaCakarEdlGacTTYlyk)ansRmab;karEdlsVamIrYmePTCamYy®sþIdéTeTot ¬enAeBlEdlBYkeK 

enAqayBIpÞH¦. edayELkPriyaRtUv)anrMBwgTukfa RtUvrYmdMeNkCamYysVamIrbs;xøÜnEtmñak;bu:eNÑaH. 

ehtuGIV)anCa®sþIRbQmmuxeTAnwgkarmak;gayeRcInCagburs ? 

karRKbdNþb;rbs;burs \riyabfvb,Fm’ - xVHkareKarBcMeBaH®sþI ®sþITTYlrgkarmak;gayfaman zan³ 

TabCagburs {sMNagminl¥} {CabnÞúkRKYsar } PaBRkIRk KμankargareFIV . 

etIktþaenHeFIV[®sþIkan;EtgayrgeRKaHeTAnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_edayrebobNa? 

edaysarkarP½yxøacTTYlrgkarmak;gay®sþIEdlsgS½yfaxøÜneKmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ lak;)aMg 

eraKsBaØarbs;BYkeK nigeKcevHkareFIVetsþQam . RbsinebIBYkeKmin)aneFIVetsþQamrkemeraK 

eGds_eTenaH BYkeKminGacTTYl)anesvaemeraKeGds_eLIy dUecñHBYkeKminGacTTYl)ankar 

Büa)al b¤karpþl;RbwkSaenaHeT . 

sRmab;ehtupldUcKñaenH ®sþIeCosvagkarebIkcMhrGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeKdl; 

sVamI¼édKUrbs;BYkeK EdlktþaenHbegáIn»kaskñúgkarcmøgemeraKeGds_ . 

GaRs½edayBYkeKxøacGMeBIhigSa ®sþIEdlsgS½yfa bþIrbs;xøÜnCamnusSelμaPkam minGacesIñsuM[ 

bþIGnuvtþkarrYmePTRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB ¬eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y¦ . ktþaenHeFIV[BYkeKkan;Et 

gayrgeRKaHkñúgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ . 

4> bnÞab;mkRtUvbEnßmxøwmsarGMBIemeraKeGds_ . cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBl 

EdlemeraKeGds_cUleTAkñúgrUbPaBenH? etIkarmak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_bgáplb:HBal;eTAelI 

burs nig®sþIy:agdUcemþc? } 

148

CMBUk K 






\T§iBlénkarmak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_eTAelI®sþI nigburs 

RbsinebI®sþImñak;EdlerobkarrYcqøgemeraKeGds_ RbCaCnsnñidæanfa Kat;qøgemeraKeGds_BIbþI 

rbs;Kat; dUecñH eKcat;TukKat;fa CaCnrgeRKaH b¤ { KμaneTas } ehIyKat;TTYl)annUvkarGaNit 

GasUrmYycMnYn . bu:EnþeKEtgeKcmuxBIKat; nigTuk[Kat;enAdac;edayELkEtÉg edaysarEteK 

mankarP½yxøacfa Kat;nwgcmøgemeraKenHeTAGñkdéT ¬enHKWCakarmak;gay EdlbNþalmkBI 

karP½yxøac minEmnCakarmak;gayEbbtiHedol nigsþIbenÞasenaHeT¦ . 

RbsinebI®sIþmñak;CaGñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay ehIyKat;qøgemeraKeGds_ Kat;nwgTTYlrgkar 

mak;gayTaMgBIrRbePT KWkarmak;gayEdlbNþalmkBIkarP½yxøac nigkarmak;gayEbbtiHedol 

nigsþIbenÞas . 

RbsinebI®sþIenAlIv nig {cUlcitþelgesIcsb,ayCamYyburs²eRcIn} eKsnñidæanfa karEdlnag 

qøgemeraKeGds_ KWbNþalmkBI {karRbRBwtþminl¥ } . 

RbsinebIbursCabþI CaCndMbUgEdlbgðajnUvsBaØaemeraKeGds_ ®sþICaRbBn§RtUv)anrMBwgTukfa RtUv 

rkSaPaBesómsat; bnþsßitenAkñúgTMnak;TMngGaBah_BiBah_ nigEfTaMbþIrbs;xøÜn . RbsinebIRbBn§ KW 

CaCndMbUgEdlRtUv)aneFIVeraKvinicä½yfamanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ bursCabþITMngCanwge)aHbg;ecalRbBn§ 

rbs;xøÜn ¬sm

K>7 etIRtUvbenÞasnrNacMeBaH 

karnaMeGds_cUlpÞH? 

kMNt;smÁal;sRmab;GñksRmbsRmYl³ 

lMhat;enHRtUv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IbgðajGMBIlkçN³kμñúgkarEdl®sþITTYlrgkarmak;gayeRcInCag 

burs . KYreRbIlMhat;enHbnÞab;BIlMhat;vdþCIvit ¬K7¦ EdlkMNt;GtþsBaØaNeTAelIral;TRmg;énkar 

mak;gayxus²KñaEdl®sþIRbQmmux . 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énemeronenH sikçakamnwgGacdwgfa ®sþITTYlrgkarmak;gayFn;FrCagburs nigRsTab; 

epSg²Kña énkarmak;gayEdlBYkeK)anRbQmmuxkñúgnamCa®sþIknøgmkehIyenaH begáInplb:HBal; 

énemeraKeGds_eTAelICIvit rbs;BYkeKkan;EtxøaMgeLIg . 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 ema:g 

CMhan 

1> RsTab;énkarmak;gay ¬karRbmUlpþúMKMnit¦³ esñI[sikçakameFIVkarRbmUlpþúMKMnitGMBIRsTab;én 

karmak;gay Edl®sþIRbQmmux . kt;RtacemøIyGMBIRsTab;nimYy² enAelIb½NÑmYysnøwk bnÞab;mk 

cUrbitb½NÑenaHenAelICBa¢aMg . 

150

CMBUk K 






RsTab;énbTBiesaFn_karmak;gayedayRsþI 

karEdlekItmkCa®sIþ¼RtUv)aneKcat;Tukfamanzan³TabCagburs RtUv)ancat;TukfaCa {RkLRbhuk} 

CabnÞúkRKYsar karEdlmin)anerobkar KμankUn ¬RtUv)ansnñidæanfaCakMhusrbs;®sþI¦ . 

sMNagminl¥enAeBlEdlnagmanépÞeBaH RbsURt)ankUnRsI ciBa©wmkUnmin)anl¥ ¬]> TTYlrgkar 

benÞas RbsinebIkUnRbuskøayCaGñkcak;eRKOgejón¦ min)anEfTaMsuvtßiPaBsuxPaBRKYsar ¬]> bNþal 

[RKYsarqøgemeraKeGds_ minRtUv)ancat;TukfaCabuKÁlikEdlmanPaBmWugm:at;hμt;ct;nwgkargar¼buKÁlik 

bMeBjkargarry³eBlEvg . 

sYrsMNYr ³ etImanplb:HBal;GVIxøHénkarmak;gayelIRsþI? 

2> etIRtUvbenÞasnrNacMeBaHkarnaMeGds_cUlpÞH? ¬sac;erOg¦³ esñI[sikçakamGan nigBiPakSa 

eTAelIdMeNIrerOgxageRkam . 

davI manépÞeBaHbnÞab;BIerobkar)anmYyqñaM . nag)aneTAKøInikedIm,IBinitüsuxPaB RBmTaMg 

)aneFIVetsþQam ehIylT§pl)anbBa¢ak;fa nag)anpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . enHKWCaPaBrn§t; 

mYy . enHk¾CaelIkdMbUgEdr Edlnagdwgfa FM EdlCabþIrbs;nagmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

ehIyFøab;CaGñkcak;eRKOgejónmuneBlEdlBYkeK)anerobkarCamYyKña . KøInik)anpþl; 

r)aykarN_GMBIsßanPaBCmWrbs;davI eTA«Bukmþayekμkrbs;nag «BukmþayekμkdavI )an 

ecaTRbkan;nagfa )anqøgemeraKeGds_tamry³karmanTMnak;TMngpøÚvePTCamYybursdéT 

muneBlerobkar ehIyBYkKat;)anbenÞasnagfa nagcmøgeGds_eTA[ FM . «Bukekμk 

nag)anKMramedjnagecjBIpÞH bu:Enþmþayekμk)ansuM[nagenACYyemIlEf FM . FM enAesóm 

minniyaysþIGIVTaMgGs; . FM min)aneFIVGIVedIm,IkarBardavIeT bu:EnþKat;k¾min)anedj davI 

151

K>7 

etIRtUvbenÞasnrNacMeBaHkarnaMeGds_cUlpÞH? 

eTANaEdr . FM manCmWkan;EtFn;FreTA² eday FM )ancab;epþImraKruH nigk¥ky:agFn;Fr . davI enAEt 

EfTaMbþIrbs;xøÜn ebIeTaHbICaxøÜnnagk¾manCmWEdrk¾eday . enAeBlEdl FM )ansøab; «Bukmþayekμkrbs;davI 

k¾)anedjnagecjBIpÞH . 

etImanGIVekIteLIgenAkñúgsac;erOgenH? 

ehtuGIV)anCadavI RtUv)anmþayekμkbenÞas? 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBlEdleGds_cUlpÞH? etInrNaTMngCanwgTTYlrgkarsþIbenÞaseRcInCag - 

RbBn§ b¤ bþI ? ehtuGIV ? 






karmak;gay- RKYsarsþIbenÞas nigTat;ecalsmaCikRKYsar edaysarkarP½yxøac nigTsSn³ 

epþatelIRkmsIlFm’ . 

®sþIKWCaCnTI1 EdlTTYlrgkarsþIbenÞas nigkarbMBantamry³BaküsmþIsRmab; {karnaMeGds_ 

cUlpÞH} . 

bTdæanmanPaBxusKñaeTVrdg - RbsinebIRbBn§qøgemeraKeGds_ nagnwgRtUvbeNþjecjBIpÞH . 

RbsinebIbþIqøgemeraKeGds_ GaBah_BiBah_bnþenAsßitesßr ehIyRbBn§RtUv)anrMBwgTukfaRtUv 

EfTaMbþI . 

®sþICaGñkTTYlbnÞúkFn;FrkñúgkarEfTaMsmaCikRKYsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

152

CMBUk K 



niyay. 

®sþIEdl)anTTYlrgkarmak;gaykñúgnamBYkeKCa®sþImkehIyenaH kan;EtmanPaBgayrgeRKaHBIkar 

mak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_ . BYkeKTMngCaTTYlrgkarsþIbenÞassRmab;karnaMeGds_cUlpÞH ebIeTaHbI 

CabþIKWCaCndMbUg Edl)anbgðajGMBIsBaØaénCmWk¾eday . 

®sþIEtgCaCnTImYyEdleFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ GaRs½yedayBYkeKeRbIR)as;esvasuxPaB 

eRcInCagburs ehIyBYkeKRtUveFIVetsþQamenAeBlEdlBYkeKmanépÞeBaH . CalT§pl ®sþIEtgCa 

CndMbUgEdlrkeXIjfa BYkeKmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigTTYlkarsþIbenÞassRmab; { karnaMeGds_cUl 

pÞH } . bu:Enþ Cak;Esþg®sþIPaKeRcIn qøgemeraKeGds_BIbþI b¤édKUrbs;BYkeK . 

enAeBlEdl®sþIrkeXIjfa BYkeKpÞúkemeraKeGds_ BYkeKEtgRtUv)anbeNþjecjBIpÞH bBa¢ÚneTAkan; 

RKYsar edImrbs;BYkeKvij b¤RtUv)ane)aHbg;ecalenAeBlEdlBYkeKmanCmW . BYkeKk¾gayrgeRKaH 

eTAnwgGMeBIhigSa EdlekIteLIgbnÞab;BI)anpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigPaBRkIRkEdlbNþalmkBIkar 

ElglHpgEdr . 

karsþIbenÞasédKUNamñak;cMeBaH {karnaMeGds_cUlpÞH} BuMelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgEdlcaM)ac; edIm,IedaHRsay 

bBaðaemeraKeGds_eLIy . dUcCa mnusSmñak;)anelIkeLIgfa { ´qøgemeraKeGds_BI®sþImñak; dUecñH etI 

®sþImñak;enaHqøgemeraKeGds_BInrNa? RbsinebI®sþImñak;enaHniyayfa Kat;qøgemeraKeGds_BIburs 

mñak; dUecñH etIbursmñak;enaHqøgemeraKeGds_BInrNa?} sMnYrenHnwgbnþsYrrhUtedayKμaneBlbBa©b; 

ehIykarEdleyIgepþateTAelI {GñkEdlnaMeGds_cUlpÞH} KWmin)anCYYyGIVdl;eyIgeLIy . dMeNaHRsay 

KWemeraKeGds_enATIenH ehIyeyIgRtUvrs;enARbkbedayPaBviC¢manCamYyemeraKenH . 

153

K>8 

ebIkcMhrkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT 


karrYmePT KWCaRbFanbTmYyEdleKhamXat;min[niyay CaBiesskarhamXat;enH KWsMedAcMeBaH 

karrYmePTTaMgLayNaEdlxussIlFm’ b¤xusRbRktI EdlpÞúyBIkarGnuvtþrYmePTBIRbéBNI. TsSn³ 

rbs;eyIgGMBIkarrYmePT { smRsb } b¤TsSn³PaKeRcInrbs;sgÁmGMBIkarRbRBwtþrYmePTsmRsb 

bNþal[xVHkarTTYlykcMeBaHGñkEdlRbtibtþiRsbtamTsSn³TaMgenH . CalT§pl KWbNþal[ 

mankarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkEdl bMBaneTAelIbTdæanTaMgenH . CMBUkenH nwgedaHRsaybBaðakar 

rYmePT CMenOrbs;eyIgGMBIkarrYmePT nigrebobEdlCMenO TaMgenHbNþal[mankarmak;gaycMeBaH 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ dUecñHeyIgCYysikçakam[CECkKñaedayebIkcMhrGMBIkarrYmePT . lMhat;TaMgenH 

CYy[eyIgseRmc)annUveKalbMNgenH . 

eRbIlMhat;TaMgenHenAéfTI 2 b¤ 3 énsikçasalaenAeBlEdlsikçakammanPaBgayRsYleTAvij 

eTAmk nigmanGarmμN_ebIkcMhrkñúgkarniyayCamYyKña. 

eKalbMNg 

niyayedaycMhrGMBIkarrYmePT nigGarmμN_rbs;BYkeKGMBIkarrYmePTEdlmanlkçN³ {smRsb} 

nig karrYmePT {EdlminsmRsb b¤EdlR)ascaksIlFm’} 

TTYlsÁal;fa CMenOrbs;eyIgGMBIGVIEdlCakarrYmePT {EdlGacTTYlyk)an} b¤ {Edlman 

lkçN³smRsb} KWCamUlehtub¤sKl;mYykñúgcMeNammUlehtub¤sKl;CaeRcIn énkarmak;gay 

cMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

RkumeKaledA 


154 

skmμPaBmYycMnYnkñúgkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT ³ enAkñúglMhat;enH eyIgpþl;nUvskmμPaB 3 epSg² 

KñaedIm,IeGaysikçakamniyayBIkarrYmePT. 

skmμPaB k ³ KMnitdMbUgGMBIkarrYmePT 

skmμPaB x ³ karGegátedaymankarcUlrYmelIbBaðakarrYmePTEbbGnamik

CMBUk K 

skmμPaB K ³ ehtuGVI)anCaburs nigRsþIrYmePT 

skmμPaB X ³ ebIkcMhrkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT 

eFVIkareRCIserIsskmμPaB k b¤ x b¤ K b¤ X eFVIlMhat;TaMgenH RbsinebIGñkmaneBlRKb;RKan;. eRbIcMNucsegçbenAcuglMhat; 

edIm,ICYybUksrubbBa©b;skmμPaBnImYy². bnÞab;BIbBa©b;lMhat;enH eRbIskmμPaB X 

edIm,IniyayBIGVIEdlsikçakam)aneronsURtBIskmμPaB k x b¤ K. 

skmμPaB k ³ KMnitdMbUgGMBIkarrYmePT 

1> cUrsresrBakü {karrYmePT} enAcMkNþalpÞaMgRkdasFMmYy nigsYrsMNYr {etIGñkmanKMnit nigkaryl; 

eXIjdUcemþcxøH enAeBlEdlGñklWBakü ;karrYmePT ; ?} 

2> kt;Rtaral;cemøIyenAelIpÞaMgRkdas. 

3> bnÞab;mkBiPakSasMnYrcMnYnbI ³ 

ehtuGVI)anCamankarlM)akkñúgkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT? 

etIGVIxøHCabTdæansgÁm CMuvijkarrYmePT? 

etIkarN_enH)an[eyIgdwgGVIxøHGMBIkarmak;gay? 






KMnit b¤karyl;eXIjdMbUgenAeBlEdleyIglWBakü {karrYmePT} 

sb,ay rMePIb RsYl QW hat;R)aN esckþIesñha )abkmμ KYr[s¥b;ex

K>8 



ehtuGVI)anCamankarlM)akkñúgkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT? 

karrYmePT KWCaerOgsmat;. karrYmePTKWCaRbFanbTEdleKhamXat;min[niyay. karrYmePTKWCa 

kareGonxμas ehIyBaküenHnaM[mankarGam:as;. 

bTdæanvb,Fm’Exμr minGnuBaØati[RbCaCnniyayGMBIkarrYmePTCasaFarN³eLIy. RbsinebIeyIg 

niyayGMBIbBaðaenH GñkdéTnwgmak;gay b¤sþIbenÞaseyIg. 

bTdæansgÁmCMuvijkarrYmePT 

karrYmePTGacTTYlyk)an luHRtaNaEtkarrYmePTenaH KWrvagburs nigRsþIb:ueNÑaH. 

karrYmePTGacTTYlyk)an EtrvagGñkEdlerobkarrYc nigeRkameKalbMNgbegáItkUnEtb:ueNÑaH. 

narIl¥minniyayfa BYkeKcUlcitþrYmePTeLIy. RbsinebIBYkeKha‘nniyayy:agdUecñH BYkeKnwgRtUv 

eKmak;gay ¬TTYlrgnUvPaBGama:s;¦ 

burs¼sVamI CaGñkseRmccitþeTAelIeBlevla nigrebobrYmePT. PriyaKμanCeRmIsGVIeLIy eRkABIkar 

RBmrYmePT . RbsinebIPriyabdiesFn_ nwgnaM[manGMeBIhigSa. PriyaminpþÜcepþImkarrYmePTeLIy. 

etIkarN_enH)an[eyIgdwgGVIxøHGMBIkarmak;gay? 

eKsnñidæanfa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_)anGnuvtþkarrYmePTEdlR)ascakRkmsIlFm’ dUecñHehIyeTIb 

BYkeKTTYlrg karmak;gay. 

skmμPaB x ³ karGegátedaymankarcUlrYmelIbBaðakarrYmePTEbbGnamik 

GñkRtUvkarmnusSBIrnak; edIm,IGnuvtþlMhat;enH - mñak;GansMNYr nigmñak;eTotRbmUlRkdascemøIy 

nigkt;RtacemøIyy:agqab;rh½seTAelIpÞaMgRkdas. 

RtUveFVIkarBnül;fa karGegátenHmanlkçN³Gnamik - mann½yfaKμannrNanwgdwgGMBIcemøIyrbs; 

BYkeKeLIy. 

EckRkdastUc²cMnYn9snøwk eTA[GñkcUlrYmnimYy². 

156

CMBUk K 

sYrsMnYrnimYy² nigR)ab;sikçakam[sresrcemøIyrbs;xøÜneTAelIRkdasmYysnøwk nigbnÞab;mkRtUv 

bt;RkdasenaH. RbmUlRkdascemøIybnÞab;BI)ansYrsMNYrnimYy² nigeFVIkarkt;RtacemøIyeTAelIpÞaMg 

Rkdas. minRtUvbgðajlT§plTaMgenH muneBl)ansaksYrRKb;sMNYreLIy. 

bgðaj nigBiPakSaGMBIlT§pl. bnÞab;mk cUrsYrsMNYr :etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþcEdr enAeBlEdl 

eqøIysMNYr TaMgenH? etIGñk)aneronsURtGVIxøHBIlMhat;enH? : 

]TahrN_énsMNYr niglT§pl )aT¼ca+ eT srub 

etIGñkGacniyayedaycMhrGMBIkarrYmePT eTAkan;mitþPkþi 

Citsñitrbs;Gñk )anEdrb¤eT? 

16 8 24 

etIGñkcUlcitþrYmePT Edrb¤eT? 20 4 24 

etIGñkFøab;eRbIR)as;eRKOgejon b¤sura edIm,I[GñkmanGarmμN_ 

pøÚvePT Edrb¤eT? 

12 12 24 

etIGñkFøab;rYmePTtammat; Edrb¤eT? 14 10 24 

etIGñkFøab;rYmePTtamrn§KUf Edrb¤eT? 6 18 24 

etIGñkmanmitþPkþiCaGñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay Edrb¤eT? 12 12 24 

etIGñkFøab;eFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ Edrb¤eT? 18 6 24 

etIGñk)aneRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½yEdrb¤eT 

enAeBlEdlGñkrYmePTelIkcugeRkay? 

20 4 24 

etIGñkFøab;cMNayR)ak;edIm,IrYmePT Edrb¤eT? 8 16 24 

157

K>8 







etIGñk)aneronsURtGVIxøHBIlMhat;enH? 

karGegátCYy[eyIgbgðajGMBIbTBiesaFn_rYmePTpÞal;xøÜnrbs;eyIg edayKμankarxμaseGon. 

vagayRsYl eRBaHvamanlkçN³Gnamik. GñkcUlrYm)annaMKñaesIcsb,ay dUecñHvaeFVI[GñkcUlrYm 

minsUvmanPaBtantwg. 

bursPaKeRcIn GacniyayGMBIkarrYmePTy:aggayRsYl b:uEnþRsþIPaKeRcInmanGarmμN_minsUvRsNuk 

kñúgcitþeLIy enAeBlEdlniyayGMBIkarrYmePT. 

skmμPaB K ³ ehtuGVI)anCaburs nigRsþIrYmePT? 

bitpÞaMgRkdascMnYnBIrsnøwkelICBa¢aMg edaysresrcMNgeCIg k¦ ehtuGVI)anCabursrYmePT nig x¦ 

ehtuGVI)anCaRsþIrYmePT . 

EbgEcksikçakamCaBIrRkum - mYyRkumCaburs nigmYyRkumeTotCaRsþI. esñIr[RkumnimYy²sresr 

GMBIehtuplrbs;BYkeKkñúgkarrYmePT. 

enAeBlEdlRkumTaMgBIr)ansresrrYcral; esñIrsMu[smaCikmñak;BIRkumnimYy² GannUvral;cMnucEdl 

BYkeK)ansresr 

bnÞab;mk eFVIkareRbobeFob nigBiPakSaeTAelIlT§plecjBIpÞaMgRkdasTaMgBIr ³ 

etIcMNucNaxøHmanPaBRsedogKña? etIcMNucNaxøHmanPaBxusEbøkKña? 

etIeyIg)aneronsURtGVIxøHBIlMhat;enH? 

158

CMBUk K 






ehtuGVI)anCabursrYmePT 

cg;sb,ay¼RsYl RsNuk CaFmμCatirbs;mnusS cg;mankUn bgðajGMBIPaBCaburs esckþIesñha 

hat;R)aN eFVI[édKUsb,ay cg;dwgBIragÁkayRsþI kat;bnßyeRssþ kat;bnßyPaBGpSúk. 

ehtuGVI)anCaRsþIrYmePT 

cg;RsYl cg;RsNuk CaFmμCatirbs;mnusS cg;mankUn esckþIesñha cg;EsVgrk nigrkSaédKU kat;bnßy 

eRsþsþ cg;rkSaTMnak;TMngesñha edIm,IGnaKtRKYsar edIm,Ipþl;esckþIsuxdl;édKU rkluy RtUv)aneK 

bgçM[rYmePT. 

cMNucRsedogKña ³ cg;sb,ay¼RsYl RsNuk CaFmμCatirbs;mnusS esckþIesñha kat;bnßy 

eRsþsþ. 

cMnucxusKña ³ RsþI - pþl;esckþIsuxdl;édKU EsVgrk¼rkSaédKU rkluy 

RtUv)aneKbgçM[rYmePT. 

etIeyIg)aneronsURtGVIxøHBIlMhat;enH? 

mancMNucxusEbøkKñamYycMnYn b:uEnþk¾manehtupldUcKñaCaeRcInpgEdr 

sRmab;karrYmePT. 

RsþIEtgrYmePTedIm,ITTYl)anGVImüa:g ¬]> luy / édKU¦ cMENkÉbursvij 

KWedIm,Ibgðajfa BYkeKmanGMNac. 

PaBRkIRk nigkarlM)akEpñkesdækic© bgçM[GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay lk;ePT. 

GñkbMerIesvapøÚvePTCaeRcInmincg;lk;ePTeLIy b:uEnþBYkeKeFVIkargarenH 

edaysarPaBRkIRk b¤edaykarbgçitbgçM. 

159

K>8 


skmμPaB X ³ ebIkcMhrkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT 

sMKal; ³ skmμPaBenHKYreFIVeLIgbnÞab;BI)anGnuvtþlMhat;mYy b¤eRcInCagenHBIxagedIm . 

BiPakSakñ úgRkumFM ³ {ehtuGIV)anCamankarBi)akkñúgkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT?} kt;Rtaral;cMelIyrbs;sikçakam 

enAelIRkdaspÞaMgFM. 

ehtuGIV)anCamankarBi)akkñúgkarniyayGMBIkarrYmePT? 

eyIgminEdlniyayBIkarrYmePTCasaFarN³eT b:uEnþeyIg)anniyaykMEbøgBIkarrYmePT. 

«Bukmþay ¬b¤RKUbeRgon¦ Bi)akniyayGMBIbBaðakarrYmePTCamYykUn ¬b¤sisS¦ rbs;BYkeK . 

Gñkpþl;esvaBi)akniyayGMBIkarrYmePTCamYyGtifiCnrbs;BYkeK . 

édKUrYmePT ¬rab;bBa©ÚlKUsVamIPriya¦ EtgminniyayGMBIkarrYmePT . 

édKUEdlmin)anebIkcMhrGMBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeKeTA[Kña)andwgeTAvijeTAmk 

GacBi)akniyayGMBIbBaðakarrYmePTRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB . 

karrYmePT KWCaGIVmüa:gEdlmanlkçN³viC¢man minEmnGviC¢maneLIy bu:EnþeyIgEbrCaeRbIR)as;va 

edIm,Imak;gayGñkdéTeTAvij . 

eyIgsnñidæanfa GñkdéTrYmePTCaeRcInCageyIg b¤GñkTaMgenaH {elμaPkam } . 

B½t’manGMBIkarrYmePTrbs;GñkdéT {PaBelμaPkam} GacRtUv)aneRbIR)as; edIm,IeFIVkarmak;gay . 

eyIgvinicä½yeTAelIGñkdéT edayEp¥kelIkarsnñidæanrbs;eyIgeTAelIcMnYnénkarrYmePTEdlBYkeK 

kMBugRbRBwtþ . 

eyIgmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤CnPaKticmYycMnYnEdlRbRBwtþkarrYmePTxusRbRktI eday 

eyIgsnñidæanfa BYkeKrYmePTxussIlFm’ . 

sasna KWCa]bsKÁmYyd¾FM . sasnamYycMnYnEtgniyayfa karrYmePT = )abkmμ . 

160

CMBUk K 

segçb ³ bBa©b;emeronedayeFIVesckþIsegçbcMNucsMxan;² Edlsikçakam)anelIkeLIgkñúglMhat;. 


niyay. 

segçbcMNucsMxan;² Edlsikçakam)anelIkeLIg. bnÞab;mk GñkGacbEnßmcMnucmYycMnYn kñúgcMeNam 

cMnucxageRkam RbsinebIsikçakamminTan;)anelIkeLIgnUvcMNucTaMgenaH. 

karniyayGMBIkarrYmePT KWCaGIVEdleKhamXat; . sgÁmbeRgoneyIgmin[niyayGMBIkarrYmePT Ca 

Biess enAkñúgRKYsarrbs;eyIg rvagmnusSBImYyCMnan;eTAmYyCMnan;eTot b¤sUm,IEtrvagbþI nigRbBn§ . 

emeraKeGds_ KWBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarrYmePT ¬RBmTaMgkarcak;eRKOgejónpgEdr¦ dUecñH RbsinebIeyIg 

RtUvRKb;RKgeTAelIkarqøgraldalenH eyIgRtUvBUEkniyayGMBIkarrYmePT nigeronniyayGMBIkarrYmePT 

kñúglkçN³mYyEdlmineFIVkarvinicä½y . 

TsSn³rbs;eyIgGMBIkarGnuvtþkarrYmePTrbs;RkumminsUvmansemøgmYycMnYndUcCa GñkbMerIesvakMsanþ 

sb,ay RkumbursRsLaj;burs KWCaktþacm,gmYykñúgkarmak;gay . eyIgeFIVkarvinicä½y b¤mak;gay 

GñkdéT KWedaysarEtcMNg;cMNUlcitþkñúgkarrYmePTrbs;BYkeK - cMeBaHkarEdlBYkeKbMBaneTAelI 

RkumsIlFm’eday {karrYmePTGsIlFm’ } ¬karrYmePTCamYyePTdUcKña karrYmePTtammat; karrYmePT 

tamrn§KUT karrYmePTedIm,Iluy¦. 

161

K>9 

karykeRsamGnam½ytamxøÜn 

naM[mankarmak;gay 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énemeronenH sikçakamnwgGacviPaKGMBImUlehtuEdlbNþal[mankarmak;gayeTAelI 

eRsamGnam½y nigGacerobcMviFIsa®sþedIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gayenH . 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 ema:g 

smÖar³ 

eRsamGnam½y 1kBa©b; 

CMhan 

1> ehtuGIV)anCamankarmak;gayeTAelIeRsamGnam½y? ¬b½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnit¦³ CUneRsam 

Gnam½ydl;Rkumsikçakam edIm,I[BYkeKhuceRsamGnam½ybnþeTA[sikçakamdéTeTot bnÞab;mkcUr 

biteRsamGnam½ymYyenAelICBa¢aMg . EbgEcksikçakamCaKU ehIysYrsMnYrfa {ehtuGIV)anCaman 

karmak;gayeTAelIeRsamGnam½y?} esñI[KUnimYy² sresrcemøIyrbs;BYkeKenAelIb½NÑ nigbitb½NÑ 

cemøIyTaMgenaHenAelICBa¢aMg . 

162

CMBUk K 






ehtuGVI)anCaeRsamGnam½yeFVIeGaymankarmak;gay? 

eRsamGnam½ymanBak;B½n§eTAnwgGñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay b¤karrYmePTeRkATMnak;TMngGaBah_ 

BiBah_. 

RbsinebInrNamñak;maneRsamGnam½yCab;nwgxøÜn eKsnñidæanbuKÁlenaHfa CaGñkEdleFIVGIVmüa:gEdl 

xussIlFm’¼ naM[man)abkmμ . 

dUecñH eKyl;fa eRsamGnam½y KWCavtßúminl¥ b¤vtßúEdlGaRkk; b¤vtßúEdlbgá[manPaBGam:as; . 

2> kareronsURtGMBIeRsamGnam½y ¬karbgðajENnaMGMBIrebobeRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y¦ ³ 

bgðajsikçakamGMBIrebobeRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y[)anRtwmRtUv nigCMruj[mankarcUlrYmBIsikçakam 

RKb;rUb . bnÞab;mkelIkTwkcitþ[ sikçakamTaMgGs;GnuvtþCMnajenH nigsYrsMnYrfa { etIGñkman 

GarmμN_dUcemþcGMBIkarkan;eRsamGnam½y?} 






etIGñkmanGarmμN_ya:gdUcemþcBIkarkan;eRsamGnam½y? 

´manGarmμN_minl¥ minRsNukkñúgxøÜn eGonxμas Gam:as; ´BuMFøab;eFIVBImunmk CadMbUgeyIgniyay 

eQμaHma:k eRsamGnam½y ¬{Rtas;} {GUex} {Eys}¦ minEmnBaküfa {eRsamGnam½y} enaHeT . 

163

K>9 

karykeRsamGnam½ytamxøÜnnaM[mankarmak;gay 

164 

3 rebobRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay¬karsEmþgtYGgÁ¦³ EbgEcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² nigEck 

krNIsikSasRmab;karsEmþgtYGgÁxageRkameTA[BYkeK . esñI[RkumnimYy²erobcMkarsEmþgtYGgÁ 

mYy edIm,IbgðajGMBIsßanPaB nigbnÞab;mkbgðajGMBIrebobEdltYGgÁedaHRsaysßanPaBenaH . 

krNIsikSa k³ mþay)ansuMGIVmüa:gBIkñúgehae):AkUnRbusrbs;Kat; . enAeBlEdlkUnRbusrbs;Kat; 

lUkédcUleTAkñúgehae):A eRsamGnam½y 1kBa©b;k¾Føak;ecjmkeRkA . 

krNIsikSa x³ yuvCnv½yekμgmñak; nigyuvtþIv½yekμgmñak;kMBugCECkKñaGMBIkarrYmePTelIkdMbUg . 

yuvtþIv½yekμgTajeRsamGnam½y 1kBa©b;ecjmk . 

krNIsikSa K³ RbBn§rkeXIjeRsamGnam½ymYyenAkñúgkabUbsemøókbMBak;bþIrbs;xøÜn enAeBl 

EdlbþIerobcjdMeNIreTAeFIVCMnYj . 

krNIsikSa X³ mitþPkþiCabursBIrnak;CECkKñaelgGMBIemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ enAkñúgRbeTsrbs; 

krNIsikSag³ 

krNIsikSac³ 

BYkeK. mitþPkþi)ancab;epþImBiPakSaGMBIsar³sMxan;énkareRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y . 

narIv½yekμgmYyRkumkMBugCECkKñaelgenAÉpÞH . narImñak;manCMenOy:agxøaMgeTAelI 

sasna. narImñak;eTot TajeRsamGnam½y 1kBa©b;edIm,IbgðajeTAnarIdéTeTot . 

KUsVamIPriyaBIrnak; eTIbTTYl)anlT§pleFIVetsþQammanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . BYkeK 

BiPakSaGMBIGnaKtrbs;BYkeK. bursCabþITajykeRsamGnam½y 1kBa©b;ecjmk . 

4> cUrBiPakSasMnYrxageRkam ³ 

etIeyIgGacRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gayCuMvijbBaðaeRsamGnam½yy:agdUcemþc? 

etIeyIgGacelIkkMBs;KMnitfa { kareRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y KWCakarTTYlxusRtUv } )anedayr 

ebobNa? 



niyay. 

eRsamGnam½yBak;B½n§eTAnwg { PaBelμaPkam } dUecñHeRsamGnam½yRtUv)aneKemIleXIjfa Carbs; 

minl¥ . RbsinebInrNamñak;maneRsamGnam½yCab;xøÜn eKsnñidæanfa mnusSmñak;enaHkMBugeFIVGIVmüa:g 

minl¥ .

CMBUk K 

RbsinebIPriyarkeXIjeRsamGnam½yenAkñúgehae):A b¤kabUbsemøókbMBak;rbs;sVamI Priyasnñidæanfa 

sVamIrbs;xøÜnrYmePTCamYy®sþIdéT . RbsinebIPriyasuM[sVamIrbs;xøÜneRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y sVamI 

nwgKitfa PriyaminTukcitþxøÜn . 

RbsinebIeKrkeXIjfa narIminTan;erobkarmñak;maneRsamGnam½yCab;xøÜn eKsnñidæanfa nagKWCaGñk 

bMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay . 

nKr)aleRbIR)as;cMnYneRsamGnam½yCasucnakrénkargarbMerIesvapøÚvePT nigeFIVkarb®gáabsNæaKar 

TaMgLayNaEdlBYkeKrkeXIjeRsamGnam½yeRcIn . 

eyIgRtUvpøas;bþÚr\riyabfrbs;eyIgcMeBaHeRsamGnam½y edayRtUvpþl;nUvsarviC¢mancMeBaHeRsam 

Gnam½y -]> RbsinebIGñkeRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y mann½yfa GñkKWCamnusSEdlmankarTTYlxus 

RtUv . GñkbMerIesva kMsanþsb,ayEdleRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y KYrRtUv)anemIleXIjfa CamnusSEdl 

mankarTTYlxusRtUv nwgKYrTTYl)anrgVan;elIkTwkcitþ minEmnCakardak;eTasenaHeT . 

kareRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y minEmnmann½yfa GñkminTukcitþédKUrbs;GñkenaHeT . enHKWCalkçN³ 

mYyEdl Gñkcg;R)ab;édKUrbs;Gñkfa GñkeKarB nigcg;karBarédKUrbs;Gñk . vak¾CaviFImüa:gsRmab;burs 

nig®sþIkñúgkar karBarsuxPaBrbs;BYkeKpgEdr . mnusSRKb;KñamansiT§iTTYl)annUvsuxPaBl¥ nigkar 

TTYlxusRtUvkñúgkar karBarédKUrbs;xøÜnBIkarqøgCmW . 

skmμPaBCaCeRmIs ³ erobcMkarBiPakSaCECkEvkEjkmYyelIRbFanbT {RbsinebIPriyamñak;rkeXIj 

eRsamGnam½yenAkñúgkabUbsemøókbMBak;rbs;sVamIKat; etIehtukarN_enHGacTTYlyk)anEdrb¤eT?} 

165

K>10 

eRbobeFobemeraKeGds_¼ 

CMgWeGds_ niCMgWdéTeTot 


enHKwCalMhat;cab;epþImmYyd¾l¥ . vamanlkçN³samBaØ nigbgá[manPaB sb,ayrIkray eday 

cab;epþImkic©snÞnaGMBIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . eKalKMniténlMhat;enH KWedIm,IelIkTwkcitþsikçakam 

[pþl;karyl;eXIjdMbUgrbs;BYkeKGMBIbBaðaTaMgenH muneBlEdleyIgQancUleTAdl;karBiPakSa 

lMGit . 

sMnYrEdlRtUvsYrKW {etIRbCaCnyl;eXIjdUcemþcGMBIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón?} minEmn {etIGñk 

yl;eXIjdUcemþc?} enaHeT . eKalbMNgénlMhat;enH KWminEmnedIm,IsMedAbMpuscemøIykaryl; 

eXIjpÞal;xøÜnrbs;sikçakamenaHeT bu:EnþKWedIm,I[sikçakamBiPakSaKñaGMBITsSn³rbs;shKmn_ . 

bnÞab;mk eyIgnwgqáwHykTsSn³pÞal;xøÜnrbs;sikçakamvijmþg . enAdMNak;kalenH eyIgminTan;cg; 

epþateTAelIsikçakamenAeLIyenaHeT ebIeTaHbICaBYkeKnwgpþl;karyl;eXIjpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeKk¾eday. 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énemeronenH sikçakamnwgGackMNt;eTAelIkaryl;eXIj nigGarmμN_rbs;BYkeKGMBIGñk 

eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . 

RkumeKaledA 

Gñkpþl;esvaEfTaMsuxPaB b:UlIs buKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nigbuKÁlikGgÁkarmUldæanshKmn_ nig 

shKmn_ 

ry³eBl 

30-45 naTI 

CMhan 

166 

1> kareFIVkargarCaKU³ EbgEcksikçakam[eFIVkargarCaKU nigsYrsMnYrxageRkammþgmYy² . cUr 

esñI[pþl;r)aykarN_RtLb;qab;rh½smYyenAcugbBa©b;énkarpþl;cemøIyBI { KU } nimYy² .

CMBUk K 

etIRbCaCnyl;eXIjdUcemþcenAeBlEdlBYkeKB¤Baküfa { GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón}? 

etIRbCaCnniyayGIVxøHGMBIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón? 

etIRbCaCnRbRBwtþcMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejóny:agdUcemþc? 

etIkarP½yxøacFMbMputrbs;RbCaCncMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejónmanGIVxøH? 

kñúgGMLúgeBlénkarpþl;r)aykarN_Rtlb; cUrsaksYredIm,IEsVgrkehtuplEdlsßitenABIeRkay 

cemøIyeqøIytbrbs;sikçakam. 






etIRbCaCnyl;eXIjdUcemþcenAeBlEdlBYkeKB¤Baküfa{GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón}? 

etIBYkeKCanrNa?etIBYkeKkøayeTACaejóneRKOgejony:agdUcemþc? ehtuGVI)anCaBYkeKeRbIR)as; 

eRKOgejón? etIBYkeKeRbIR)as;eRKOgejonGVIxøH? etIRKYsar)aneFIVGIVxøHedIm,ITb;sáat;BYkeKBIkarFøak; 

cUleTAkñúgkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejón? P½yxøac - GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejónCamnusSRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; 

dUecñHKYrenA[qayBIBYkeK . mincg;[BYkeKbgVk; . GaNit«BukmþayBYkeK . sgÇwmfa BYkeKGacQb; 

eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . 

karsaksYrsMnYrbEnßm 

ehtuGIV)anCaP½yxøac? GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejónGacbøn;édIm,Iykluy b¤bgVk;yuvCndéTeTot[ 

eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón. 

ehtuGIV)anCaRtUvenA[qayBIBYkeK? xøacBYkeKmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigcmøgemeraKeGds_mk´ . 

ehtuGIV)anCaGaNit«Bukmþayrbs;BYkeK?edaysarGñkcak;eRKOgejónbMpøajfvikaCaeRcInrbs;RKYsar . 

etIRbCaCnniyayGIVxøHGMBIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón?¬BaküsmþI¦ 

ekIteGds_ ejónfñaM ejón manCmW eRKaHfñak; ]RkidæCn ecar )atsgÁm KμanRbeyaCn_ GsIlFm’ 

minGacRKb;RKg elIxøÜnÉg x¢il KμankargareFIV smnwgsøab; sac;RbepH ¬BN’GaePon¦. 

167

K>10 

eRbobeFobemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_niCMgWdéTeTot 

168 


sYrsMnYrbEnßm³ 

etIRbCaCnmanGarmμN_dUcemþccMeBaHBYkeK? ehtuGIV)anCaRbCaCnemIlgayBYkeK? 

GñkEdldwgfa eRKOgejónminl¥ehIy bu:EnþenAEtbMBaneTot RtUv)anefáaleTas . bgákarlM)akdl; 

RKYsar nigshKmn_ . GñkEdlejóneRKOgejónedayécdnü TTYl)ankarGaNitGasUr -]> burs 

mñak;RtUv)anbgRbusrbs;xøÜncak;eRKOgejón[ xN³eBlEdlKat;kMBugeKglk; ehIyKat;k¾køayCa 

ejóneRKOgejón . karGaNitGasUr KwsMedAcMeBaHkarEdlGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejónPaKeRcIn KWCa 

yuvCnv½yekμg EdlbNþal[bMpøajdl;GnaKtssrRTUgrbs;RbeTsCati nigx¢Hx¢ayCIvitrbs;BYkeK 

RBmTaMgRtUv)ankat;pþac;TMnak;TMngBIRKYsar . 

etIRbCaCnRbRBwtþeTAelIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejóny:agdUcemþc? 

RKYsareRbIR)as;TaMgviFIsa®sþ Tn; nigrwg edIm,IbBaÄb;BYkeKBIkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . viFIsa®sþ 

rbs;RKYsarTaMgenaHrYmman yM GgVr ERskKMhkdak;BYkeK . rkSaBYkeKdUcCaGñkeTasBn§naKar 

edIm,I[BYkeKe)aHbg;ecaleRKOg ejón -]> cak;esarTukenAkñúgbnÞb; . 

RtYtBinitüBYkeK[)anditdl; edIm,IbgáarBYkeKBIkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejón b¤lYcRTBüsm,tþirbs; 

RKYsar . 

e)aHbg;ecalBYkeK nigbeNþjBYkeKecjBIpÞH . 

mnusSv½ycMNas;BüayamniyayCamYyBYkeK edIm,I[BYkeKQb;eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . 

bgáarBYkeKmin[elgCamYykumar b¤CH\T§iBleTAelIkumar . 

enAÉkEnøgkargar nigenAtampøÚv RbCaCnEtgeKcBIBYkeK nigenA[qayBIBYkeK . 

sYrsMnYrbEnßm³ etIkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejónnaM[man\T§iBlGIVxøHeTAelIRKYsar? 

karxμaseGon kMhwg nigPaBtantwg¼CemøaH - mþayTTYlrgbBaðasμúKsμajCaeRcIn . 

mþaylak;)aMgkarBitBI«Buk cMeBaHkarEdlkUnRbusrbs;xøÜneRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . mþayGacCa 

[luyeTAkUn ¬edIm,ITijeRKOgejón¦ edayminR)ab;«Buk . 

RKYsarmYycMnYncg;[kUnRbusrbs;BYkeK EdleRbIR)as;eRKOgejónqab;søab; . BYkeKFujRTan;kñúg 

karedaHRsaybBaða TTYlrgkarlYcRTBüsm,tþi nigkarEdlCIvitrbs;BYkeKdYlrlM .

CMBUk K 


BYkeKmanGarmμN_fa kUnRbusrbs;BYkeKsmnwgTTYlTNÐkmμ . mnusSRKb;rUbsþIbenÞasRKYsar . 

BYkeKmanGarmμN_fa yuT§sa®sþEtmüa:gkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðaejóneRKOgejón KWRtUveRbIyuT§sa®sþ 

EbbekþA EdlCakardak;TNÐkmμ . 

etIkarP½yxøacFMbMputrbs;RbCaCncMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejónmanGIVxøH? 

GMeBIhigSa nig]RkidækmμedIm,IbMeBjTmøab;eRbIR)as;eRKOgejónrbs;BYkeK. karP½yxøacfa BYkeKnwg 

køayeTACamanPaBkacsahav nigKMramkMEhgGñkdéTenAeBlEdlBYkeKRtUvkareRKOgejón. kar 

P½yxøacfaBYkeKnwgCH\T§iBleTAelIkumar edIm,I[køayeTACaGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejónEdr. karcmøg 

emeraKeGds_. RKYsarxøacGñkcak;eRKOgejónlYcRTBüsm,tþirbs;RKYsar nigbMpøajkitþiysRKYsar. 



niyay. 

RbCaCnmanGarmμN_nigBaküsmþIGviC¢manCaeRcIncMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . 

\riyabfGviC¢manTaMgenHcMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón rYmcMENkbegáIt[mannUvTRmg;mYyeTotén 

karmak;gay . 

karmak;gaymanTRmg;Ca karvinicä½y nigkardak;[enAdac;edayELkBIsgÁm . BYkeKRtUv)andak;[enA 

dac;edayELk GaRs½yedaykarP½yxøacGMBIGMeBIhigSa nigkarRbRBwtþbT]Rkdærbs;BYkeK ¬]> ecarkmμ¦ 

nig \T§iBlCaskþanuBlrbs;BYkeKeTAelIGñkdéT ¬]> elIkTwkcitþGñkdéT[ejóneRKOgejónEdr¦ . 

karejóneTAnwgfñaMcak; RtUv)aneKyl;eXIjfa manlkçN³minl¥EdlpÞúyBIRkmsIlFm’ GaRs½yeday 

karRbRBwtþEbbenHbMpøajdl;esßrPaB nigsuPmgÁlrbs;RKYsar nigbgá[man\T§iBlGviC¢maneTAelI 

RbCaCnv½yekμg EdlsMedAcMeBaHmnusSCMnan;eRkay . 

RbCaCnmansMnYrCaeRcInGMBIkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejón EdlktþaenHbgðajfa BYkeKcg;yl;GMBImUlehtu 

nigrebobEdlmnusSeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . 

169

K>11 karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñk 

cak;eRKOgejónkñúgbribTepSg²Kña 


lMhat;enHtRmUv[sikçakameFIVkargarCaRkum edIm,IkMNt;rkkarmak;gaycMeBaH karcak;eRKOgejón 

enAkñúgbribTxus²Kña . GaRs½yedaymanRkumRbFanbTcMnYn 6 dUecñHlMhat;enHGnuvtþeTA)anl¥enA 

kñúgsikçasalaEdlmancMnYnsikçakameRcIn . lMhat;enHk¾GacGnuvtþ)anl¥enAeBlresolpgEdr 

GaRs½yedaysac;erOg elçanEdlRkumnimYy²)anerobcM naM[RkumTTYl)annUvfamBlRss;føa enAeBl 

EdlsikçakamGacCakMBugmanGarmμN_ gguyeKg . 

lMhat;enHerobcMeLIgcMbgsMrab;Gñkpþl;esvaEfTaMsuxPaB buKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nigbuKÁlik 

GgÁkarmUldæanshKmn_ b:UlIs nigshKmn_. BYkeKRbEhlCaminFøab;dwgBIlMhat;énkarmak;gay 

eT dUcenHGñkGacGeBa¢IjGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 2 b¤ 3 nak;eGaycUlrYmenAkñúgemeronenH nig 

CYyGñkpþl;esvaEfTaMsuxPaB b:UlIs nigshKmn_ eGaykMNt;]TahrN_énkarmak;gayenAkñúg 

kEnøgepSgKña. 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;GtþsBaØaNTRmg;énkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejónenAkñúgbribTxus²Kña nigrebob 

Edlkarmak;gay TaMgenaHbgáplb:HBal;Gñkcak;eRKOgejón 

cab;epþImkMNt;rknUvmUlehtub¤sKl;mYycMnYnénkarmak;gay 

RkumeKaledA 


shKmn_ 

ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

170

CMBUk K 

karerobcM 

bitb½NÑEdlerobrab;GMBIbribTenAelICBa¢aMg dUcCa RKYsar shKmn_ GKarsuxPaB kEnøgkargar TIpSar 

nigkarmak;gayxøÜnÉg. enAEk,rb½NÑnimYy² cUrbitpÞaMgRkdasFMmYysnøwk . 

CMhan 

1> RkumRbFanbT³ EbgEcksikçakamCa 6Rkum nigkMNt;pþl;bribTmYyeTA[RkumnimYy² . esñI[ 

RkumTaMgGs;GnuvtþkargarxageRkam ³ 

kMNt;GtþsBaØaNTRmg;énkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejón EdlekIteLIgenAkñúgbribTenaH - 

sUmsresrcemøIyenAelIpÞaMgRkdas 

begáItkarsEmþgtYGgÁmYyedIm,IbgðajGMBIrebobEdlkarmak;gay)anekIteLIg 






TMrg;énkarma:k;gaycMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 

RKYsar 

sgS½y eFIVkartamdansegátditdl;eTAelIGñkcak;eRKOgejón BinitütamdanedIm,IFanafa buKÁl 

mñak;enaH mincak;eRKOgejón b¤lYcRTBüsm,tþIBIRKYsar . 

RKYsarcg;karBarkitþiysrbs;BYkeK dUecñHBYkeKBüayamlak;)aMgkarBitGMBIkarcak;eRKOgejón 

BIGñkCitxag 

Gñkcak;eRKOgejónmYycMnYnRtUv)anbeNþjecjBIpÞH . 

CadMbUg RKYsarBüayamEkERbGñkcak;eRKOgejón bu:EnþbnÞab;BI)anBüayam nigTTYl)ankar 

braC½y BYkeKk¾RBegIykenþIy nige)aHbg;Gñkcak;eRKOgejónecal . 

171

K>11 

karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejón 

kñúgbribTepSg²Kña 


smaCikRKYsarEdlCaGñkcak;eRKOgejón RtUv)ancat;Tukfa KμanRbeyaCn_ GaRs½yedayBYkeK 

minGacrYmcMENkCYYydl;RKYsar . 

karrMelaPbMBanEpñkBaküsmþI edaykarniyaybnÞabbenßak nigkarsþIbenÞas - ]> {ehtuGIV)anCa 

ÉgeFIV[RKYsareyIgxμaseK?} 

e)aHbg;Gñkcak;eRKOgejónecal edayniyayR)ab;Kat;fa Kat;minEmnCacMENkmYyénRKYsar 

eToteT . 

shKmn_¼GñkCitxag 

kardak;[enAdac;edayELk karehAeQμaHEbbminsmrmü karcg¥úlmux karxSibexSóv karniyay 

edIm EbbGviC¢man Twkmuxxwgsm,ar b¤GaNitGasUr . 

GñkCitxagBüayameKcBIGñkcak;eRKOgejón edayBYkeKgakecj enAeBlEdlBYkeKCYbGñkcak; 

eRKOgejónenAtampøÚv . 

karP½yxøacfa Gñkcak;eRKOgejónGacCH\T§iBleTAelIkUnrbs;BYkeK[eRbIR)as;eRKOgejónEdr . 

minGnuBaØat[kUnrbs;BYkeKelgCamYykUnrbs;RKYsarGñkcak;eRKOgejón . 

eCosvageFIVkarTMnak;TMng . bBaÄb; b¤kat;bnßykarsYrsuxTukçRKYsarrbs;Gñkcak;eRKOgejón . 

Qb;EckrMElkGahar nig[x©IR)ak; . 

efáaleTas b¤sþIbenÞasRKYsarcMeBaHkarEdlmin)anciBa©wmkUnEdlcak;eRKOgejón[)anl¥ . 

kEnøgpþl;esvasuxPaB 

buKÁliksuxPaBmankarsgS½ycMeBaHCnRKb;rUbEdlmaneraKsBaØaeGds_ - xøacqøg . 

sEmþgkarmineBjcitþGMBIkarRbRBwtþrbs;Gñkcak;eRKOgejón cMeBaHkarEdlBYkeKykm¢úlmkkñúg 

GKarsuxPaB edIm,Icak;eRKOgejón . begáIt[mannUvGarmμN_Gsnþisux . yl;eXIjfa Gñkcak; 

eRKOgejónCamnusSekagkac dUecñHRbesIrbMputRtUveKc[qayBIBYkeK . yl;eXIjfa Gñkcak; 

eRKOgejónCamnusS Edlha‘neFIVGIV²RKb;y:ag nigminxøaceRKaHfñak;GIVTaMgGs; ehIyGacykm¢úl 

eTAcak;GñkdéT . 

buKÁlikmYycMnYnbdiesFpþl;karBüa)al[GñkCmWEdlCaGñkcak;eRKOgejón . BYkeKBüayambBa¢Ún 

karBüa)aleTA[buKÁlikdéTeTot . 

172

CMBUk K 


karTmøaykarsmat; - buKÁlikmnÞIreBTüR)ab;B½t’mandl;buKÁlik nigGñkCmWdéTeTot tamry³kar 

xSibexSóv karniyayedIm . 

kEnøgkargar 

karsgS½y nigkarniyayedIm . mankarsegáttamdanditdl;eTAelICnNamñak;EdlRtUv)ansgS½y 

fa CaGñkcak;eRKOgejón . 

Rkumh‘unmYycMnYntRmUv[buKÁlikeFIVetsþQamedIm,IkMNt;rkGñkEdleRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . 

RbsinebIGñkRKb;RKgrkeXIjfa buKÁlikNamñak;CaGñkejóneRKOgejón buKÁlikmñak;enaHnwgRtUv 

bBaÄb;BIkargar . 

2> karpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb; ³ esñI[RkumnimYy²eFIVkarbgðajGMBIr)aykarN_enAelIpÞaMgRkdasrbs; 

BYkeK nigkarsEmþgtYGgÁ . bnÞab;BIkarsEmþgtYGgÁnimYy²)anbBa©b; cUrBiPakSafa {etImanerOgGIV 

ekIteLIg? ehtuGIV)anCaman erOgTaMgGs;enaHekIteLIt? etIGIVxøHCa\riyabfenAkñúgkarsEmþgtYGgÁ 

enH? } 

3> dMeNIrkarbnþ³ bnÞab;BIkarsEmþgtYGgÁTaMgGs;)anbBa©b; cUrBiPakSasMnYrmYycMnYnxageRkam ³ 

etIGIVxøHCalkçN³BiessrYménkarmak;gaykñúgcMeNambribTepSg²KñaTaMgGs;enaH ? 

etIGIVxøHCa\T§iBleTAelIGñkcak;eRKOgejónEdlRtUv)aneKmak;gay? 



niyay. 

karmak;gaymanenARKb;TIkEnøg dUcCa pÞH shKmn_ KøInik kEnøgkargar pSar . 

karmak;gaymanTRmg;BIrFM² ³ kardak;[enAdac;edayELkBIsgÁm nigkarvinicä½y . 

173

K>11 

karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejón 

kñúgbribTepSg²Kña 

kardak;[enAdac;edayELkBIsgÁm³ Gñkcak;eRKOgejónRtUv)andak;[enAdac;edayELk edaysar 

karP½yxøacGMeBIhigSa b¤\T§iBlrbs;BYkeKeTAelIGñkdéT ¬]> GUsTajyuvCnv½yekμgdéTeTot 

[eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón¦ 

karvinicä½y³ Gñkcak;eRKOgejónRtUv)anefáaleTascMeBaHkarRbRBwtþ {GsIlFm’ } rbs;BYkeK . 

karejóneRKOgejónRtUv)aneKyl;eXIjfa CaerOg {GsIlFm’} GaRs½yedayvabMpøajesßrPaB 

nigsuPmgÁlrbs;RKYsar nigman\T§iBlGviC¢maneTAelIyuvCnv½yekμg . 

bEnßmBIenHeTot karmak;gayk¾manTRmg;Ca ³ 

karmak;gayxøÜnÉg ³ Gñkcak;eRKOgejónsþIbenÞas nigrs;enAdac;edayELkBIeKedayxøÜnÉg 

karmak;gayEdlBak;B½n§ ³ RbBn§nigRKYsarrbs;Gñkcak;eRKOgejónTTYlrgkarmak;gay 

RsTab;énkarmak;gay ³ GñkEdlCaGñkcak;eRKOgejónpg nigpÞúkemeraKeGds_pg TTYlrg 

karmak;gayeTVrdg . ®sþI)anTTYlrgkarmak;gayrYceTAehIy kñúgkarEdlBYkeKCa®sþI dUecñH 

enAeBlEdlBYkeKkøayeTACaGñkcak;eRKOgejón BYkeKTTYlrgkarmak;gayeTVrdg . ®sþITTYl 

rgkarmak;gayeRcInCagburs . 

CMenO b¤\riyabfmak;gay naM[mankarerIseGIg EdlsMedAdl;karRbRBwtþedayPaBGyutþiFm’eTAelI 

GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón - ]> karbBaÄb;buKÁlik b¤karbeNþjyuvCnv½yekμgecjBIpÞH . 

GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejónEtgTTYlrgkarmak;gayBIRKYsar nigshKmn_rbs;BYkeK . CalT§plkar 

bdiesF cMeBaHBYkeKEbbenH naM[b:HBal;dl;rebobEdlBYkeKRKb;RKgsuxPaBxøÜnÉg BYkeKkøayeTA 

CaminykcitþTuk dak;eTAelIsuvtßiPaBkñúgkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejónrbs;BYkeK dUcCa karcak;eRKOgejón 

rYmKña CaCagkarEsVgrk m¢úlfμIEdls¥at EdlktþaenHGacbNþal[qøgemeraKeGds_ . 

174

175 

CMBUk K

K>12 \T§iBlénkarmak;gayeTAelI 

GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 


lMhat;enHRkelkemIlGMBIrebobEdlkarmak;gaybgáplb:HBal;eTAelIGñkcak;eRKOgejón nigrebob 

Edlkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejónCMruj[mankarrIkraldalénemeraKeGds_ . 

eKalbMNg 


eyIgGacxwgGñkcak;eRKOgejóncMeBaHkarEdleKRbRBwtþerOgminl¥ dUcCa karlYcR)ak; edIm,ITij 

eRKOgejón bu:Enþ 

eyIgminGacmak;gayBYkeK edaycat;TukBYkeKCamnusSGaRkk;enaHeT 

karmak;gayeTAelIBYkeKCMruj[mankarrIkraldalénemeraKeGds_ edayTegVIEbbenHeFIV[Gñk 

cak;eRKOgejón lak;)aMgGMBIkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejónrbs;BYkeK nigminsUvykcitþTukdak;kñúg 

kareRbIR)as;eRKOgejónRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB ¬]> eRbIR)as;m¢úlrYmKña CaCagkareRbIR)as;m¢úl 

fμIs¥at¦ EdlTegVIEbbenHnaM[BYkeKRbQmeTAnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ . enAeBlEdlBYkeKqøg 

emeraKeGds_ karmak;gayeFIV[BYkeK)at;bg;karRbugRby½tñ nigcmøgemeraKeGds__eTA[GñkdéT . 

RkumeKaledA 


shKmn_ 

ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

176

CMBUk K 

CMhan 

1> karBiPakSaGMBIsac;erOg³ Gansac;erOgxageRkam nigbnÞab;mk cUrsYrsMnYrfa ³ 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIg? etIGIVxøHCa\riyabfrbs;RKYsarenAkñúgerOgenH? 

etI\T§iBlénkarmak;gayeTAelIkarRbRBwtþrbs; tula manGIVxøH ? 

enAeBlEdl tulakMBugsikSakñúgfñak;TI9 tula )ancab;epþImmanbBaðakñúgsalaeron . tula )at;bg; 

cMNab;GarmμN_kñúgkarsikSa ehIyBinÞúsikSarbs; tula )anFøak;cuHCaxøaMg . tula )ancab;epþImcab; 

GarmμN_eTAelIt®nþI narI nigmU:tU . «Bukmþayrbs; tula )anBüayamEkERbtula bu:Enþ tula min)an 

sþab;«BukmþayeLIy . tula )ancMNayeBlrbs; xøÜnCamYymitþPkþi ehIycugeRkay tula )anFøak; 

eTAkñúgkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . tula )anRbLgFøak;enAeBl RbLgcUlviTüal½y dUecñH tula k¾ 

)ane)aHbg;ecalkarsikSa . 

enAeBlEdlRKYsarrbs; tula dwgfa tula eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón BYkeK)anGgVr[ tula Qb;eRbIR)as; 

eRKOgejón . BYkeK)anXøaMemIl tula Cab;rhUt nig)anBüayambBaÄb; tula BIkarTijeRKOgejón . 

tula sþab;«Bukmþayrbs;xøÜn edaysar tula enARsLaj; nigeKarBBYkKat; bu:Enþ GaRs½yeday 

\T§iBlrbs;eRKOgejónxøaMgkøaeBk va)anCMruj[ tula lYcRTBüsm,tþimYycMnYnBIkñúgpÞH edIm,ITij 

eRKOgejón nig]bkrN_cak;eRKOgejón . enAeBlEdl«Bukmþayrbs; tula )andwgfa )at;RTBüsm,tþi 

mYycMnYnBIkñúgpÞH BYkKat;mankarxwgsm,arCaxøaMg . BYkKat;)ancak;esartula TukenAkñúgpÞH nigR)ab; 

tula [EkxøÜn . «Bukmþayrbs;tula manGarmμN_fa BYkeKRtUvEttwgrwgCamYy tula . Caerogral;éf 

«Bukrbs;tula EtgcUlmkkñúgbnÞb; ehIyERskdak;tulafa tula CamnusSEdl { KYr[s¥b;ex

K>12 

\T§iBlénkarmak;gayeTAelIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 

xøÜnRtUvEte)aHbg;eRKOgejón bu:Enþ tula mindwgfa RtUve)aHbg;eRKOgejóndUcemþcenaHeT . dUecñH 

tula )aneTArs;enACamYymitþPkþitamcieBa©Imfñl; ehIymitþPkþiTaMgGs;enaH)anGUsTajtula [ 

eRbIR)as;eRKOgejónkan;EteRCAeTA² . bnþiceRkaymk tula )anePøcGMBI«Bukmþayrbs;xøÜn . tula 

KμanR)ak;edIm,ITijeRKOgejónenaHeT dUecñH tula k¾)ancab;epþImeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón nigm¢úlrYmKña 

CamYymitþPkþirbs;xøÜn . 

mYyqñaMeRkaymk tula cab;epþImmanCmWFn;Fr ehIytula k¾)aneTAmnÞIreBTü . eBTü)anR)ab;fa tula 

manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

segçbsac;erOg etImanGIVekIteLIg? 





etIGIVxøHCa\riyabfrbs;RKYsar? 

BYkeKmanTsSn³cMeBaHeRKOgejón nigGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón ¬tula¦ faCasPav³GaRkk;Edl 

pÞúyeTAnwgRkmsIlFm’ . 

BYkeK)armÖfa eRKOgejónnwgbMpøajkitþiys nigesdækic©RKYsar . 

BYkeKmanGarmμN_fa caM)ac;RtUvmanviFIsa®sþtwgrwgmYy ¬kardak;TNÐkmμ¦ edIm,IedaHRsaybBaða 

kareRbIR)as;bMBaneRKOgejón . 

etI\T§iBlénkarmak;gayeTAelIkarRbRBwtþrbs; tula manGIVxøH ? 

tula manGarmμN_RcbUkRcbl; nigQWcab; ehIykareKarBxøÜnÉgrbs; tula RtUv)anbMpøaj . 

tula cg;EkxøÜn bu:Enþ mindwgfaRtUveFIVdUcemþc . 

edayKμankarKaMRTBIRKYsar tula )anFøak;cUleTAkñúgkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejónkan;EteRCAeTA² nig 

rs;enAtamcieBa©Imfñl; EdlsßiteRkamCIvPaBEbbenH tula RtUveRbIR)as;eRKOgejón nigm¢úlrYm 

Kña EdlskmμPaBenHeFIV[ tula RbQmeTAnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ . 

178

CMBUk K 



niyay. 

kareRbIR)as;eRKOgejón nigkarCYjdUreRKOgejón KWCaGMeBIminl¥ dUecñHGMeBITaMgenHKYrbBaÄb; . bu:Enþ 

RsbeBlCamYyKñaenH eyIgRtUveCosvagkarsþIbenÞas nigkartiHedoleTAelIGñkcak;eRKOgejón 

cMeBaHkarRbRBwtþ minl¥rbs;BYkeK GaRs½yedaykarmak;gayEbbenH man\T§iBlGviC¢man . 

eyIgRtUvbBaÄb;TRmg;énkarmak;gay EdlefáaleTasGñkcak;eRKOgejónfaCamnusSGaRkk;Edlmin 

skiþsmnwgTTYlkarKaMRTrbs;eyIg. enHKWCaGIVEdleFIV[mankarQWcab; ehIyenHk¾CaGIVEdlbgçM[ 

Gñkcak;eRKOgejónlak;xøÜnpgEdr. GIVEdlBi)akTTYlykbMputsRmab;Gñkcak;eRKOgejón KWkar 

)at;bg;kareKarB nigesckþIRsLaj;BIRKYsarrbs;BYkeK . 

eyIgminEmnniyayfa KuNtémø b¤RkmsIlFm’xusenaHeT - GIVEdleyIgniyayenaH KWvaCakarmin 

RtwmRtUv kñúgkarEdlmnusSefáaleTaseTAelIGñkdéT . 

karmak;gayeFIV[Gñkcak;eRKOgejónmanGarmμN_faxøÜnKμantémø nigTTYlrgkarbdiesFBIGñkdéT 

dUecñH BYkeKRtUvlak;xøÜn nigQb;eFIVskmμPaBedIm,IRbeyaCn_rbs;BYkeK . BYkeKcab;epþImeRbIR)as; 

eRKOgejónrYmKña EdlktþaenHeFIV[BYkeKRbQmeTAnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ . enAeBlEdlBYkeK 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_ BYkeKTTYlrgkarmak;gayeTVrdg ehIyktþaenHbgá[manplb:HBal;eTAelIsmtßPaB 

rbs;BYkeKkñúgkarEfTaMsuxPaBrbs;xøÜnÉg nigGñkdéT . BYkeKlak;)aMgsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

rbs;xøÜnBIédKUrbs;BYkeK nigbnþrYmePTedaymineRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y EdlktþaenHGnuBaØat[ 

emeraKeGds_bnþqøgraldal . 

RbsinebIeyIgRtUvRbyuT§RbqaMgeTAnwgemeraKeGds_ eyIgRtUvQb;ehAGñkcak;eRKOgejónfaCamnusS 

GaRkk;. enAÉkRmiteKalneya)aykñúgRbeTsma:eLsuI karcak;eRKOgejónRtUv)aneKcat;TukdUcCa 

kaejónsura: KWdUcCACmWmüa:gdUecñaHEdr . enHKWCaTegIVl¥RbesIr GaRs½yedayvaCYylubbM)at;kar 

vinicä½y - KWkarefáaleTasEpñkRkmsIlFm’ EdlkñúgkrNIenH Gñkcak;eRKOgejónRKan;EtRtUv)an 

cat;Tukfa {manlkçxNÐmYy} enAkñúgCIvitbu:eNÑaH BuMEmnR)ascakRkmsIlFm’enaHeT . 

179

K>12 

\T§iBlénkarmak;gayeTAelIGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 

karmak;gaycMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejón min)anCYyeyIgkñúgkarRbyuT§RbqaMgeTAnwgkareRbIR)as;bMBan 

eRKOgejón b¤emeraKeGds_eLIy . CMnYs[karmak;gayeTAelIGñkEdl)anejóneRKOgejónrYceTA 

ehIy eyIgKYrCYyRbCaCnv½yekμg[gakecjBIeRKOgejón nigbBaÄb;GñkCYjdUreRKOgejónEdlTTYl 

)ancMNUlrab;landuløaBIeRKOgejón . 

CMnYs[karmak;gay nigkarbdiesFGñkcak;eRKOgejón eyIgRtUvbgðajnUvkarykcitþTukdak; nig 

esckIþIRsLaj; cMeBaHBYkeK edIm,I[BYkeKGacrs;enARbkbedaysuxPaBl¥ nigeFIVskmμPaBedIm,I 

RbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK nigRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkdéT ¬eRbIR)as;m¢úls¥at GnuvtþkarrYmePTRbkb 

edaysuvtßiPaB .l.¦ . km lYcRTBüsm,tþi¦ EdlTegIVenHbNþalmkBIkarejónrbs;BYkeK . kar 

P½yxøac nig kMhwgk¾CacMNucEdlGacTTYlyk)anpgEdr bu:EnþcMNucenH BuMKYrQaneTAdl;kar 

mak;gaycMeBaHsmaCik RKYsarrbs;Gñkcak;eRKOgejóneLIy . ]TahrN_ ³ «Bukmþay KYrKitfa { 

kUnRbusrbs;´manCmW bu:EnþkUn´RtUvkar´ dUecñH eyIgRtUvTukkMhwgrbs;eyIg[enAedayELk nigRtUv 

EfTaMkUn . GtItkal)anknøghYseTAehIy dUecñHeyIgminGacpøas;bþÚrva)aneT . eyIgRtUvsgát;Fn; 

eTAelIbc©úb,nñkal nigRtUvCYykUn[rs; .} 

karRsavRCavbgðajfa RbsinebIGñkRBegIykenþIycMeBaHGñkdéT dUcCa kardak;[BYkeKenAdac;eday 

ELk b¤kareKcevHBIBYkeK KWCayuT§sa®sþmYyd¾Tn;exSaykñúgkareFIV[BYkeKpøas;bþÚrkarRbRBwtþ . kar 

mak;gayeTAelI Gñkcak;eRKOgejón bNþal[GarmμN_rbs;BYkeKRtUv)ankat;pþac;BIRKYsar nigshKmn_ . 

ktþaenH eFIV[TMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉgrbs;BYkeKmankarFøak;cuH nigkat;bnßysmtßPaBrbs;BYkeKkñúgkar 

eFIVskmμPaBRbkbedayPaBviC¢manedIm,Ipøas;bþÚrCIIvitrbs;BYkeK . 

eyIgRtUveRbIR)as;]TahrN_viC¢manmYycMnYn dUcCaRKYsarmYyenH Edl)anTukkMhwgrbs;xøÜn[enA 

edayELk nigebIkcMhrebHdUgrbs;BYkeK . Gñkcak;eRKOgejónEdl)anxitxMGs;BIsmtßPaBedIm,I 

e)aHbg;eRKOgejón KWCaGñkEdlTTYl)anesckþIRsLaj; nigkarKaMRTBIRKYsarrbs;BYkeK . 

180

181 

CMBUk K

K>13 

enAeBlEdleRKOgejón 

nigemeraKeGds_cUlpÞH 


lMhat;enHCYy[sikçakamKitGMBIplb:HBal;eTAelIRKYsar nigshKmn_rbs;smaCikRKYsarmñak; Edl 

)anejóneRKOgejón nigbnÞab;mkqøgemeraKeGds_ . cUrpþl;bNþúMb½NÑrUbPaBmYycMnYneTA[Rkum 

nimYy² edIm,IbegáItCasac;erOgRKYsarmYy . lMhat;enHCYy[RkumeFIVkarCECkKña . 

eKalbMNg 


viPaKplb:HBal;énkarcak;eRKOgejóneTAelIRKYsar 

EsVgrkviFIEdlshKmn_GacedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH 

RkumeKaledA 


shKmn_ 

ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

b½NÑRKYsar - KWCarUbPaBmYycMnYnEdlbgðajGMBIsmaCikRKYsarepSg²Kña 

krNIsikSa 

karerobcM 

eRbIR)as;b½NÑedIm,IbegáItbNþúMRKYsarepSg²Kña - cUrqøas;smaCikRKYsarenAkñúgbNþúMnimYy² . 

182

CMBUk K 

enAkñúgRKYsarnimYy² cUrbitsBaØaBN’mUl²tUcmYyenAxageRkaytYGgÁNamYy ¬EdlbBa¢ak;fa 

tYGgÁenaHCaGñkcak;eRKOgejón¦. cUrbitsBaØamUl²enaH BIxageRkaymnusSepSgKñaenAkñúgRkum 

nimYy² dUcCa «Buk mþay bursv½yCMTg; narIv½yCMTg; . l. 

CMhan 

1> etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBlEdlGñkcak;eRKOgejón nigemeraKeGds_cUlpÞH ¬kar 

niTanerOg¦³ EbgEck sikçakamCaRkumEdlmansmaCik 3nak; nigpþl; {RKYsar} mYy ¬b½NÑ 1 

kBa©b;¦ eTA[RkumnimYYy² . bnÞab;mk cUrBnül;GMBIlMhat; ³ 

CMhanTI 1 ³ muneBlGñkcak;eRKOgejóncUlpÞH ³ begáItsac;erOgmYyGMBIRKYsarGñk 

etIRKYsarRbkbmuxrbrGIV? ¬]> TRmg;éncMNUlRKYsar¦ 

etIkUnEdlmanv½yCMTg;kMBugeFIVGIV? 

etITMnak;TMngkñúgRKYsarmanlkçN³dUcemþc - manbBaðaGIVEdrb¤eT? ¬]> sura: higSa karrYmePT¦ 

etIGIVxøHCakþIsgÇwm b¤EpnkarGnaKtrbs;RKYsar? 

CMhanTI 2 ³Gñkcak;eRKOgejóncUlpÞH ³ esñI[RkumnimYy²páab;b½NÑrbs;BYkeK nigEsVgrkb½NÑ 

NamYyEdlman sBaØamUlenAxageRkay Edlmann½yfa smaCikRKYsarenaH )anejóneRKOgejón . 

cUrBiPakSa ³ { etIGIVxøHCakar pøas;bþÚrcm,genAkñúgRKYsarEdlbNþalmkBIktþaenH?} 

2> karpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb;³ erobcM[mankarpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb;CargVg; EdltRmUv[Rkum 

nimYy² pþl;nUvkarpøas;bþÚrmYYy . 

183

K>13 








etImankarpøas;bþÚrcMbg²GVIxøHenAkñúgRKYsarbnÞab;BIGñkeRbIeRKOgejón)ancUlpÞH? 

kartiHedol nigsþIbenÞasGñkcak;eRKOgejónsRmab;karEdlBYkeKbMpøajkitþiysRKYsar. 

eCrsþI bgáPaBGam:as; KMramkMEhg nigGgVr[Gñkcak;eRKOgejónQb;eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón. 

cak;esarGñkcak;eRKOgejónTukenAkñúgpÞH edIm,IkuM[ecjeTAeRkAEsVgrkeRKOgejón. 

pþl;R)ak;eTA[Gñkcak;eRKOgejón edIm,I[Kat;GacTijeRKOgejón)an eCosvagkarlYcRTBüsm,tþi 

rbs;GñkCitxag . 

kat;bnßyTMnak;TMngCamYyGñkCitxag niglak;)aMgbBaðaenHBIGñkCitxag. 

enAeBlEdlGñkCitxagdwgGMBIbBaðaenH BYkeKdak;[RKYsarenHrs;enAdac;edayELk nigefáaleTas 

RKYsarenH. 

TMnas;kñúgRKYsarmankarekIneLIg - RKYsarElgmanPaBsb,ayrIkraydUcmun. 

bþIbenÞasRbBn§ faciBa©wmkUnRbusmin)anl¥¼edayKnøgFm’. 

bþIEdlejóneRKOgejónRbRBwtþhigSacMeBaHRbBn§. 

kumarTTYlrgplb:HBal; dUcCa RtUv)anbgçM[cak;ecjBIsala cab;epþImeFIVkargar .l. 

CMhanTI 3 ³ eGds_cUlpÞH ³ esñI[RkumnimYy²bnþsac;erOg edaybEnßmfa smaCikRKYsarrbs; 

Gñkcak;eRKOgejónqøgemeraKeGds_ . cUrBiPakSa ³ { etIGIVxøHCakarpøas;bþÚrcm,genAkñúgRKYsarEdl 

bNþalmkBIktþaenH?} 

184

CMBUk K 






etIGVIxøHCakarpøas;bþÚrcMbg²enAkñúgRKYsarEdlbNþalmkBIGñkeRbieRKOgejónmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

kartiHedol nigkarsþIbenÞaskan;EteRcIneLIgcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ sRmab;karEdlBYkeK 

{bMpøajCIvitxøÜnÉg } . 

smaCikRKYsarxøacqøg dUecñHBYkeKkat;bnßyTMnak;TMngCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mkRtwmkRmit 

Gb,rma . 

TTYlTanGahar eRbIR)as;bnÞb; can kEnSg kRmalBUk .l. dac;edayELkBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_minRtUv)anGnuBaØat[manTMnak;TMngCamYykUnrbs;BYkeK . 

Büayamlak;)aMgbBaðaBIGñkCitxag . 

karEbk)ak;RKYsar dUcCa CemøaH karrs;enATIéTBIKña karElglH . 

RbsinebIRbBn§pÞúkemeraKeGds_ GaBah_BiBah_nwgRtUvbBa©b; ehIynagnwgRtUvedjecjBIpÞH . 

RbsinebIbþIpÞúkemeraKeGds_ TMnak;TMngGaBah_BiBah_nwgbnþ ehIyRbBn§RtUv)anrMBwgTukfa RtUv 

EfTaMbIþ . 

kumarTTYlrgplb:HBal;kan;EtxøaMg dUcCa RtUv)anbgçM[cak;ecjBIsala cab;epþImeFIVkargar .l. 

Tmn;kargarrbs;®sþImankarekIneLIgCamYynwgbnÞúkkñúgkarEfTaMsmaCikRKYsarEdlpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ . 

185

K>13 



3> dMeNIrkarbnþ³ etIGIVxøHCaPaBxusKñaKYr[kt;smÁal;rvagCMhanTI 2 nigCMhanTI 3 ? 


karmak;gaycMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejónrYmmanTaMgkarP½yxøac nigkarmak;gayBIsgÁm bu:EnþkarP½y 

xøacenHBuM EmnCakarP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_enaHeT vaKWCakarP½yxøaccMeBaHkarRbRBwtþrbs;Gñk 

cak;eRKOgejónEdlbMpøajRKYsar . 

karmak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_enAkñúgkrNIenH )anbEnßmRsTab;mYybEnßmeTot . va)anbEnßm 

karP½yxøackñúgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ nigbNþal[RbCaCneKsevHBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

4> etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøH? ¬karedaHRsaybBaða¦³ cUrBiPakSasMnYrxageRkamCamYyRkumTaMgmUl 

etIRKYsarGacedaHRsaysßanPaBenH[)anRbesIrCagenHedayrebobNa? 

etIshKmn_GacKaMRTRKYsarEdlmanGñkcak;eRKOgejónedayrebobNa? etInrNaxøHmansmaCik 

RKYsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 






ynþkaredaHRsaybBaðarbs;RKYsar 

bBaÄb;kartiHedol nigkarsþIbenÞascMeBaHGñkcak;eRKOgejón nigsmaCikRKYsarEdlTTYlrgpl 

b:HBal;BIemeraKeGds_ . 

bBaÄb;kardak;[enAdac;edayELknUvsmaCikRKYsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

186

CMBUk K 


elIkkMBs;\riyabfviC¢man - minEmnRtUvsYrsMnYrGMBIrebobEdlKat;qøgemeraKeGds_enaHeT bu:Enþ 

RtUvsYrfa etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøHenAeBlenH . 

epþatelIkarpþl;karEfTaM nigkarKaMRTEpñkstiGarmμN_dl;Gñkcak;eRKOgejón nigGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ . 

EckrMElkkargarEfTaMGñkCmWrvagsmaCikRKYsarTaMgGs; . 

CYy[RKYsaredaHRsaybBaðaGarmμN_eGonxμasrbs;BYkeK ¬)at;bg;kitþiys¦ . 

karKaMRTrbs;shKmn_cMeBaHRKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;BIGñkcak;eRKOgejón nigemeraKeGds_ 

CMruj[shKmn_TTYlsÁal;fa karmak;gay KWCabBaðamYy ehIyBYkeKRtUvbBaÄb;karmak;gay 

edayRtUvedaHRsaybBaðakarP½yxøac nigkgVHcMeNHdwgGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigTMnak;TMngrvagemeraK 

eGds_CamYyTsSn³GviC¢manrbs;sgÁm . 

CMruj[emdwknaMshKmn_niyayRbqaMgkarmak;gay . 

CMruj[shKmn_pþl;karKaMRTdl;RKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;BIemeraKeGds_ . 

EckrMElk {cMeNHdwgkñúgkarrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_} CamYysmaCikshKmn_ . 

187

CMBUkX³ 


nigkñúgshKmn_ 

esckþIepþIm 

karmak;gay nigkarEfTaMenAkñúgRKYsar manTMnak;TMngKñay:agCitsñiT§ . TRmg;énkarmak;gaymYycMnYn 

KWbNþalmkBI smaCikRKYsarmindwgGMBIGIVEdlKat;RtUveFIV b¤rebobEfTaMGñkCmWeGds_ . ktþaenH rYmpSMCamYy 

PaBRkIRk kgVHxatEpñk esdækic© begáIt[mannUvGarmμN_raMgsÞH nigGarmμN_EdlRKbdNþb;edayParkic©kñúg 

karpþl;karEfTaM nigkarKaMRT . smaCikRKYsarCaeRcIn manKMnittictYcGMBIrebobEdlBYkeKGacEfTaMsmaCik 

EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_[)anl¥bMput enAeBlEdlsmaCikmñak;enaHQW . 

enHKwCacMNucmYysMxan;éncMeNHdwgCak;EsþgEdlRbCaCnRtUveronsURt . smaCikRKYsarCaeRcInman 

]bkrN_CamUldæan mYycMnYnrYcCaeRsc dUcCa esckþIRsLaj;cMeBaHsac;jatiCitsñiT§rbs;BYkeK bu:EnþBYkeK 

RtUvkarcMeNHdwg nigCMnajdéTeTot - ]> rebobpþl;karKaMRTEpñkstiGarmμN_RbkbedayRbsiT§iPaB rebob 

eqøIytbeTAnwgvibtþiEpñksuxPaB rebobEckrMElkbnÞúkénkarEfTaM . edIm,IRKb;RKgemeraKeGds_[)anl¥ 

RbesIrenAkñúgRKYsar RbCaCnRtUvkarCMnaj karyl;dwg esckþIRsLaj; nigkarKaMRTBIxageRkA dUcCa kar 

TTYl)annUvkarBüa)aleday\tKitéfø . 

eyIgsgÇwmfa tamry³emeronenH RKYsarnwgGacEsVgyl;bEnßmeTAelIkarRbQménkarEfTaMsmaCik 

RKYsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigtamry³cMeNHdwg nigkarEckrMElkbEnßm karmak;gaynwgRtUv)ankat;bnßy . 

sUmkt;smÁal;fa Baküfa»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ RtUv)aneRbIR)as;enAkñúgCMBUkenH . karBüa)aleday 

»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ KWCakarBüa)alKnøwHmYysRmab;emeraKeGds_ ehIynwgRtUv)anBiPakSalMGitenAkñúg 

emeroncugeRkayénCMBUkenH . 

188

lMhat; 

X>1> karmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar ¬k¦ 

X>2> karmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar ¬x¦ 

X>3> karmak;gayBIGñkCitxag 

X>4> karKaMRTBIshKmn_ 

X>5> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾mansiT§iEdr ¡ 

X>6> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg nigmanCIvitbribUrN’ 

X>7> karTTYlkarBüa)al 

189

X>1 karmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar ¬k¦ 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énvKÁenH sikçakamnwgGackMNt;GtþsBaØaNTRmg;xus²Kñaénkarmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar . 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

rUbPaB q3/ q4/ q6/ q7/ q8/ q13/ biTenAelICBa¢aMg 

CMhan 

1> karBiPakSaGMBIrUbPaB¬RkumtUc¦³ EbgEcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² nigsYrsMnYrxageRkam ³ 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAkñúgrUbPaB? 

etImanTRmg;énkarmak;gayNadéTeTot EdlRKYsar)anGnuvtþcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

ehtuGIV)anCaRKYsarmak;gaysmaCikRKYsarrbs;xøÜnÉg? 

etIktþaenHbgáplb:HBal;dUcemþcxøYHeTAelI 1¦ RKYsar? 2¦smaCikRKYsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

2> etIRKYsarKYrEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_y:agdUcemþc?¬sac;erOg¦ ³ esñI[sikçakamGan 

sac;erOgTaMgBIrxageRkam ³ 

190

CMBUk X 

sac;erOgTI 1 ³ 

®sþImñak;rkeXIjfa Kat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ enAeBlEdlKat; 

enAmnÞIreBTükMBugpþl;kMeNItdl;kUnrbs;Kat; . enAeBlEdl 

«Bukmþayrbs;Kat;dwgGMBIbBaðaenH BYkeKk¾bgçMKat;[ecjBIpÞH . 

«Bukmþayrbs;Kat;ykkUnKat;ecjBIKat; . BIrqñaMeRkaymk eday 

nwkkUnRsIxøaMgeBk Kat;)aneTApÞH«Bukmþay edIm,IelgkUn . 

enAeBlEdlKat;mkdl;pÞH Kat;)an»bkUnRsIrbs;xøÜn Edl 

\LÚvenHCakumarItUcmñak; bu:EnþkUnRsIrbs;Kat;RbEkk eday 

niyayfa { kuMb:H´ . mIgÉgekIteGds_ . mIgÉg 

nwgcmøgeGds_mk[´ . } ®sþICamþay k¾cab;epþImyM . 


bursv½yekμgmñak;rkeXIjfa Kat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . dMbUg Kat;)anlak;)aMg 

bBaðarbs;Kat;BIRbBn§ nigRKYsarrbs;Kat; edaysarKat;)armÖGMBIRbtikmμrbs; 

BYkeK. éfmYy Kat;)andwgGMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ bu:EnþKat;RtUv)aneK 

R)ab;fa »sfTaMgenaHmantémøéføNas; . Kat;)ansMerccitþR)ab;RbBn§rbs;Kat; 

nig bgb¥Ún Rbus RsI rbs;Kat; GMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;Kat; nigsuM 

[BYkeKCYy. enAeBlB¤dMNwgEbbenH BYkeKmanGarmμN_eRkomRkMCa 

xøaMg bu:EnþBYkeKpþl;karKaMRTelIkTwkcitþdl;Kat;. BYkeK)ansþab;Kat; 

edayBuMmaneFIVkarvinicä½y b¤sþIbenÞaseLIy . BYkeK)anCYyKat;[ 

EsVgrkB½t’manGMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ nigsnüaCYy 

ecjR)ak;sRmab;»sfTaMgenaHCMnYsKat;. BYkeKEfmTaMgeTA 

mnÞIreBTüCamYyKat; nigCYysYrsMnYredIm,IEsVgyl;bEnßmGMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ . 

Kat;manrUbragkaysÁmsÁaMg nigGs;sgÇwmCaxøaMg. bu:EnþedaymankarKaMRTBIRKYsar nigkarBüa)aleday 

»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ Kat;manPaBsb,ayrIkray nigviC¢manCaxøaMgenAkñúgCIvitrbs;Kat; . 

3> karBiPakSa ³ 

etImanGIVekIteLIgenAkñúgsac;erOgnimYy²? ehtuGIV? 

etIsac;erOgTaMgBIrenH mancMNucxusKñaGIVxøH? ehtuGIV? 

191

X>1 


¬k¦ 






sac;erOgTI1³ RKYsarrbs;®sþImñak;enaHxøacfa BYkeKnwgqøgemeraKeGds_tamry³karTMnak;TMngCamYy 

Kat; dUecñHBYkeKk¾beNþjKat;ecjBIpÞH nigbMEbkkUnmin[rs;enACamYyKat; . eday)at;bg;karKaMRT 

BIRKYsar nigkarEdlBYkeKb®Ba¢abkarP½yxøackñúgTRmg;dUcKñaenH eTAkñúgpñt;KMnitrbs;kUnRsIKat; )aneFIV 

[®sþImñak;enHmankarQWcab;CaxøaMg . TegVIEbbenH nwgnaM[man\T§iBlGviC¢maneTAelIsuxPaBrbs; 

®sþImñak;enH . 

sac;erOgTI2³ RbBn§ nigRKYsarman\riyabfmYy EdlGacTTYlyk)an . BYkeKpþl;karKaMRTy:ag 

skmμ dUcCa CYyecjR)ak;sRmab;»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ nigEsVgyl;bEnßmGMBI»sfenH . 

\riyabfKaMRTrbs;BYkeKCYy[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_manGarmμN_RbesIreLIgGMBIxøÜnKat; nigeFIV[suxPaB 

Kat;kan;Etl¥RbesIrpgEdr. 

4> dMeNIrkarbnþ ³ etIeyIgGaceFIVskmμPaBCak;EsþgGIVxøHkñúgnamCaRKYsar edIm,Ipþl;karKaMRTdl;smaCik 

RKYsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ? 

192

CMBUk X 






CECkelg nigcMNayeBlevlaCamYyBYkeK edayeFIV[BYkeKmanGarmμN_fa eyIgRtUvkarBYkeK . 

elIkTwkcitþ[BYkeKniyayedayebIkcMhrGMBIGarmμN_rbs;BYkeKnigsþab;GIVEdlBYkeK niyay . 

elIkTwkcitþ[BYkeKeFIVkarebIkcMhr enAeBlEdleBlevlahuc[smRsb . 

elIkTwkcitþmitþPkþi[sYrsuxTukç nigCYyBYkeK[sÁal;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_déTeTot . 

CYyBYkeK[TTYlkarBüa)alCmW»kasniym nigEsVgyl;GMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ . 

pþl;GaharhUbcuk nigGaharUbtßmÖl¥² . 

erobcMEckrMElk {kargarpþl;karEfTaM } rvagRKb;smaCikRKYsarTaMgGs; . 



niyay. 

kareqøIytbdMbUgrbs;RKb;RKYsarkm

X>2 karmak;gayenAkñúgRKYsar ¬x¦ 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énvKÁenH sikçakamnwgGac ³ 

kMNt;GtþsBaØaNGMBIrebobEdlRKYsarRtUvedaHRsayCamYyRbePTsmaCikRKYsarxus²Kña 

seRmccitþGMBIGIVEdlBYkeKGaceFIV)an edIm,IKaMRTdl;smaCikRKYsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

RbvtþirUbbuKÁl - RbvtþirUbbuKÁl )anbBa¢ÚnenAcugCMBUkenH. 

CMhan 

1> RbvtþirUbbuKÁl³ EbgEcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² nigpþl;RbvtþirUbbuKÁlmYycMnYneTA[RkumnimYy² . 

esñI[BYkeKBiPakSaGMBIsMnYrxageRkam ³ 

buKÁlmYycMnYnkñúgcMeNambuKÁlTaMgenH )anpÞúkemeraKeGds_rYceTAehIy . cMeBaHGñkEdlminTan; 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_vij etInwgmanerOgGIVekIteLIg RbsinebIBYkeKkøayeTACamanpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

etIRKYsarGaceFIVGIVxøH edIm,Ipþl;karEfTaM nigKaMRT? 

194

CMBUk X 

]TahrN_ ³ kareqøIytbrbs;RKYsar 






RKYsarEdlmankUnRbusmñak;CaGñkcak;eRKOgejón . «Bukmþay)anBüayameRbIRKb;viFIsa®sþ TaMgGs; 

dUcCa karKMramkMEhg karbgçM kartiHedol nigkarsþIbenÞas kardak;Rcva:k;cak;esarTukenAkñúgpÞH .l. 

edIm,IeFIV[kUnRbusrbs;Kat;Qb;eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . enAeBlEdlkUnRbusmñak;enaHpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

«Bukmþay )annaMkUnRbuseTAmnÞIreBTü BYkeKxøackUncmøgeGds_eTA[BYkeK ehIyBYkeKKitfa kUnRbus 

mñak;enaHnwg qab;søab; . 


«Bukmþay)armÖfa kUnRsIrbs;BYkKat;GacmanépÞeBaH b¤køayCaGñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay . BYkKat; 

)anxitxMGs;BIsmtßPaBedIm,I[kUnRsI {Qb;eFIVerOgminl¥ } nigEsVgrkkargareFIV . enAeBlEdlkUn 

RsIrbs;BYkKat;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ BYkKat;)anTuknagenApÞH niigmin[GñkCitxageXIj . BYkeKman 

GarmμN_xμaseGon . 

yuT§sa®sþsRmab;pþl;karEfTaM nigedaHRsaybBaðaemeraKeGds_kñúgRKYsar 

CYydl;smaCikRKYsaredaHRsaybBaðakMhwg nigkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón b¤ 

kargarbMerIesvapøÚvePT . 

mine)aHbg;ecalGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . lT§pletsþQamEdlbBa¢ak;fa manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

BuMEmnmann½yfa buKÁlmñak;maneTassøab;enaHeT . 

CYy[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_rs;enA)anyUrGEgVg nigmansuxPaBl¥ ¬rab;bBa©Úl»sfRbqaMgemeraK 

eGds_¦. 

eFIVGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_manGarmμN_fa BYkKat;TTYl)annUvesckþIRsLaj; esckþIRtUvkar nigkar 

sVaKmn_enAkñúgRKYsar . RtUvcMNayeBlevlaCamYyKat; . 

Gb;rMsmaCikRKYsarGMBIemeraKeGds_ edayCYy[BYkeKemIleXIjfa KμanehtuplGIVEdlBYkeK 

RtUvxøackñúgkarR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enaHeT . 

195

X>2 


¬x¦ 

]TahrN_ ³ kareqøIytbrbs;RKYsar 

EsVgyl;bEnßmeTot GMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ dUcCa TIkEnøgEdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gac 

EsVgrk»sfenH témø tRmUvkarEpñkGahar .l. 

elIkTwkcitþGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_[TTYlkarBüa)alCmW»kasniym[)anqab;rh½s. 

pþl;cMNIGaharl¥² nigGaharUb]tßmÖbEnßm. 

erobcM[mankarEckrMElk { kargarEfTaMGñkCmW } kñúgcMeNamsmaCikRKYsarTaMgGs;. 

mþaymñak;)anniyayfa³ { kUn ¬EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_¦} EdlmanGakb,kiriyaGviC¢mancMeBaH 

CIvit. RbsinebIeyIgGviC¢mancMeBaHKat; eyIgnwgeFVIeGayKat;braC½y. 



niyay. 

RKYsarminKYre)aHbg;ecalkUnrbs;BYkeKenaHeT ebIeTaHbICaBYkeKxwgnwgkUny:agNak¾eday. eyIg 

minGackat;pþac;sac;Qam)aneLIy dUecñHeyIgRtUvpþl;karKaMRTdl;smaCikRKYsarTaMgLayNaEdl 

manCmW. 

lT§pletsþQamEdlbBa¢ak;fabuKÁlmñak;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ BuMmann½yfa Cakarkat;eTasRbhar 

CIviteTAelIbuKÁlenaHeLIy. RbsinebIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_rs;enARbkbedayPaBviC¢man ¬rab;bBa©Úl 

TaMgkareRbIR)as;»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¦Kat;Gacrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg . emeraKeGds_ KWCalkçxNÐ 

mYyEdlGacRKb;RKg)an. vaCakarsMxan;Nas;EdleyIgRtUveronsURtGMBIyuT§sa®sþpþl;karEfTaM nig 

yuT§sa®sþedaHRsaybBaða . RKYsarKYrepþatelIkarpþl;kic©KaMRT . GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TaMgGs;RtUvkar 

karKaMRTBIRKYsar. mþaymñak;niyayfa ³ {kUnRbusrbs;´ ¬EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¦ man\riyabf 

GviC¢mancMeBaHxøÜneKrYceTAehIy. dUecñH RbsinebImanPaBGviC¢mancMeBaHrUbeKeTot eyIgnwgeFIV[eK 

braC½ykñúgCIvitminxan . } 

196

197 

CMBUk X

X>3 karykeRsamGnam½ytamxøÜn 

naM[mankarmak;gay 

eKalbMNg 


BN’naGMBIrebobEdlGñkCitxagmak;gaycMeBaHRKYsar EdlkMBugEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

erobcMyuT§sa®sþGMBIrebobedaHRsayTRmg;énkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgenH 

ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

198 

1> sac;erOg³ esñI[sikçakammñak;Gansac;erOgxageRkam ³ 

®sþImñak;CYyemIlkUn[eK edIm,IEsVgrkR)ak;bEnßmsRmab;RKYsar . Kat;mankUnRbusminTan;erobkar 

mñak;Edlman pÞúkemeraKeGds_ . Kat;Büayamlak;)aMgkarBitGMBIkarEdlkUnRbusrbs;Kat;pÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ bu:EnþGñkCitxagmankarsgS½y nig)ancab;epþImmanBaküccamGaramGMBIkUnRbusrbs;Kat; nig 

RKYsarenH . GñkCitxag)anniyayfa kUnRbusmñak;enH )aneFIVerOgminl¥CaeRcIn ehIyBYkeK)an 

sþIbenÞas®sþImñak;enHfa ciBa©wmkUnmin)anl¥ . BYkeKQb;ykkUneTA[®sþImñak;enHEfTaM ehIyenAeBl 

Edl®sþImñak;enH eTApÞHrbs;BYkeKedIm,Ix©IIGIVmüa:g BYkeKEtgbdiesFCanic© . KμannrNamñak;cg;[Kat; 

x©IR)ak;eLIy . ®sþImYycMnYn )anQb;eTAelgpÞHKat; nigcMENkÉGñk EdleTAelgpÞHKat;vij Etg 

bdiesFTTYlTanTwkEtEdlKat;pþl;CUn . RKYsarenH )ankøayeTACaRKYsarmYyEdl rs;enAdac;eday 

ELkBIeK nigts‘UkñúgCIvPaBrs;enAedayEp¥kelIR)ak;]btßmÖbnþicbnþÜcrbs;bþI . ®sþICamþaymanGarmμN_ 

Éeka nigkenþackEnþgCaxøaMg . 

cUrBiPakSasMnYrxageRkam ³ 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAkñúgsac;erOgenH ? ehtuGIV? 

etICaTUeTA GñkCitxagEtgRbRBwtþeTAelIRKYsarEdlBYkeKsgS½yfa manpÞúkemeraKeGds_y:ag 

dUcemþc? cUrsresrnUvTRmg;énkarmak;gayEdlmanenAkñúgsac;erOg . 

ehtuGIV)anCaGñkCitxageFIVEbbenH? 

etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøH edIm,Ibgáarkarmak;gaycMeBaHRKYsar EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_?

CMBUk X 






]TahrN_énTRmg;énkarmak;gaycMeBaHRKYsarpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

kardak;[enAdac;edayELkBIeKÉg nigkarbdiesFminRBmTTYlyk . karehAeQμaHEbbminKYr 

sm . karTmøak;kMhus . karniyayedIm BaküccamGaram . 

Qb; b£kat;bnßykareTAsYrsuxTukçRKYsar . bdiesFminRBmTTYlTanTwkEt . 

minGnuBaØat[kUnrbs;xøÚnelgCamYykUnrbs;GñkCitxag . 

Qb;pþl;karCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk ¬]> pøas;bþÚrGaharTTYlTaneTAvijeTAmk pþl;R)ak;km©I .l.¦ 

Qb;eRbIR)as;esvakmμrbs;RKYsar ¬]> karemIlkUn¦ . 

efáaleTas¼sþIbenÞasRKYsar EdlciBa©wmkUnmin)anl¥ . 

ehtuGIV)anCaGñkCitxageFIVEbbenH? 

yl;xuseTAelIkarP½yxøackñúgkarqøgtamry³karR)aRs½yTak;TgFmμta . 

yl;xuseTAelIkarP½yxøackñúgkarEdlkumarGacqøgtamry³karR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYyRKYsar . 

xVHkþIGaNitGasUrcMeBaHbnÞúk 

RKYsarkñúgkarEfTaMGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ . 

manGarmμN_fa BYkeKTTYl 

rgkarmak;gaytamry³kar 

R)aRs½yTak;TgCamYYyGñkpÞúk 

b¤RKYsarrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ - karxμaseGonbgá[ 

manplb:HBal;eTAelIBYkeK . 

199

X>3 

karykeRsamGnam½ytamxøÜnnaM[mankarmak;gay 

2> karsEmþgtYGgÁ ³ EbgEcksikçakamCaBIrRkum EdlmanTMhMesμIKña . Rkum k KWCaRKYsarGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGs_ nigRkum x KWCaGñkCitxag . cUrerobcMkarsEmþgtYGgÁxøIcMnYnBIr EdlbgðajGMBIRkumTaMg 

BIrkMBugCECkKñaenAkñúgRkumrbs;xøÜnnimYy²erog²xøÜn . 

RKYsar ³ etIGñkxøacGIVxøHenAeBlEdlGñkCitxagniyayGMBIGñk? 

GñkCitxag ³ etIGñkxøacGIVxøHGMBIRKYsarenaH? ehtuGIV? 






RKYsar 

xøac)at;bg;TMnak;TMngRbRktICamYyGñkCitxag . xøaceKeFIVkarvinicä½ymkelIBYkeyIgBIeRkayxñg . 

xøac)at;bg;kitþiys. RbsinebIBYkeKsYreyIgGMBIkUnRbusrbs;eyIg eyIgR)ab;BYkeKvijfa kUnRbusrbs; 

eyIgKμanbBaðaGIVenaHeT edIm,I[BYkeKQb;eFIVkarvinicä½ymkelIBYkeyIg . eyIgmincg;[eKmksYrsuxTukç 

BYkeyIgeLIy. RbsinebImaneKmksYrsuxTukç eyIglak;kUnRbusrbs;BYkeyIgenAkñúgbnÞb;xageRkay 

b¤eyIgR)ab;eKfa kUnRbusrbs;BYkeyIgkMBugeKglk; . 

GñkCitxag 

xøackUnrbs;BYkeyIgqøgemeraKeGds_ dUecñH eyIg)anhamXat;kUnrbs;BYkeyIgmin[eTAelgCamYy 

kUnrbs;BYkeK . RKYsarEbbenH eFIV[shKmn_xμaseK . karvinicä½y - kUnrbs;RKYsarenaH )aneFIVerOg 

minl¥CamYymitþPkþirbs;eKEdlCaGñkcak;eRKOgejón . eKsmnwgTTYlvasnaEbbenHehIy . eyIg 

)aneTAsYrsuxTukçmþgmáalEdr ehIyTIbMput eyIgk¾Qb;eTAsYrsuxTukç . 

200

CMBUk X 


etIenAkñúgkrNIenHmanRbePTkarmak;gayGIVxøHEdlekIteLIg? 

etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøHedIm,Ipøas;bþÚrsßanPaBTaMgenH? 

201

X>4 

karKaMRTBIshKmn_ 


lMhat;enHRtUv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,ICMruj[sikçakamCECkGMBIrebobEdl shKmn_Gacpþl;karKaMRT 

dl;RKYsarpÞúkemeraKeGds_ edayBuMbegáIt[mannUvkarmak;gaybEnßmeTot nigmUlehtuEdlshKmn_ 

KμansiT§idwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;smaCikshKmn_ . 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;GtþsBaØaNTRmg;énkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgEdlRtUv)anGnuvtþenAkñúgshKmn_ 

erobcMyuT§sa®sþ edIm,IksagkarKaMRTrbs;shKmn_cMeBaHRKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;BI 

emeraKeGds_ - GIVEdlGgÁkarnanaGaceFIV)an edIm,ICYydl;RKYsarTaMgenaH edayminbegáIt[ 

mannUvkarmak;gaybEnßm . 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

202 

1> karKaMRTBIshKmn_GacCMruj[mankarmak;gay ¬karsEmþgtYGgÁ¦ ³ erobcMkarsEmþg 

tYGgÁxageRkam ³ 

qakTI 1 ³ 

RKYsarkMBugGgÁúyCuMKñakñúgpÞH . PøamenaH mansmaCikmYycMnYnFMmkBIGgÁkar®sþImYy mksYrsuxTukçBYkeK 

ehIysmaCikGgÁkarenaH)ansEmþgGMBIkar)armÖrbs;BYkeK nigpþl;[RKYsarenaHnUvvtßúCaeRcIn .

CMBUk X 

qakTI 2 ³ 

smaCikrbs;GgÁkar®sþI)ancakecjeTA . GñkCitxagEdleTIb)andwgfa RKYsarmYyenHmanGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ )ancab;epþImniyayedImGMBIRKYsarenH . 

cUrBiPakSa ³ etImanerOgGIVekIteLIg? etIkarcuHmksYrsuxTukçenHeFIV[RKYsarmanGarmμN_dUcemþc? 






GgÁkar®sþI)ancuHeFIVkarsYrsuxTukçRbkbedayectnal¥ bu:EnþkarsYrsuxTukçenHnaM[manCalT§plnUv 

karmak;gay . 

RKYsarmanGarmμN_fa TTYlrgkarQøanBan GaRs½yedayBYkeKmin)anesñIsuM[mankarKaMRT b¤ 

CMnYyGIVeLIy. 

RKYsarmanGarmμN_fa BYkeKRtUv)ancat;TukCaRbCaCnRkIRk Cakmμvtßúénsb,úrsCn . BYkeKman 

GarmμN_xμaseGonEdlRtUv)aneKyl;eXIjfa minGacpÁt;pÁg;CIvPaBxøÜnÉg)an . 

RKYsarrkBaküniyayminecjcMeBaHGIVEdlRtUv)anpþl;CUn . 

BYkeKmanGarmμN_xwgsm,ar cMeBaHGgÁkar®sþIEdl)aneFIV[BYkeKxμaseKenAcMeBaHmuxGñkCitxag 

rbs;BYkeK. 

erobcM[mankarpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb; . cUrBiPakSa { etIGgÁkar®sþIGacCYydl;RKYsar edayBuMeFIV[RKYsarenH 

TTYlrgnUvkarmak;gaybEnßmeTot edayrebobNa ?} 

203

X>4 

karKaMRTBIshKmn_ 






CYbCamYyRKYsarenHCamun enAkEnøgdéTeTot edIm,IEsVgrkGMBIrebobCYydl;BYkeK . 

eFIVkarCamYYy nigtamry³GgÁkarGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_kñúgmUldæanmYy edIm,IerobcM[mankic©RbCuM . 

bBa¢ÚnbuKÁlikBIr-bI nak; edIm,I[eTACYbCamYyRKYsarenaH . minRtUvbBa¢ÚnRkummnusSeRcIneBkenaH 

eT . 

saksYrRKYsar[eFIVkarseRmccitþeTAelIEpñkEdlBYkeKcg;TTYlCMnYy CaCagkarseRmccitþpþl; 

CMnYyeTA[BYkeKCaGtþenam½ti . 

pþl;dMbUnμandl;RKYsarGMBIrebobEdlBYkeKGacTTYlkarKaMRTBIGñkdéT . 

eFIVeTAelIBYkeKkñúgrebobdUcKñaeTAnwgkarEdlGñkeFIVeTAelIRKYsardéTEdr . kuMpþl;karykcitþTukdak; 

CaBiess[esaH . 

CYydl;RKYsar[edaHRsaybBaðkareGonxμas nigkarP½yxøacrbs;BYkeK . elIkkMBs;\riyabf 

viC¢man nigmineFIVkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkdéT dUcCa {eyIgminRtUvepþatelIkarEdlKat;qøgemeraK 

eGds_edayrebobNaenaHeT bu:EnþeyIgRtUvepþatelIGIVEdleyIgGaceFIV)anenAeBlenH .} 

RtUvbnþeFIVkarbBa¢ak; nigelIkTwkcitþGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Canic©Cakal - {kuM)armÖ eyIgGacedaHRsay 

bBaðaenH)an . mnusSmYycMnYnGacCaR)ab;Gñkfa CIvitrbs;GñkRtUvbBa©b;RtwmenH bu:Enþ»sfRbqaMg 

emeraKeGds_ nigkarrs;enARbkbedayPaBviC¢man GacCYYyGñk[rs;enA)anyUrGEgVg . } 

204

CMBUk X 

2> eyIgmansiT§ikñúgkardwg faetInrNaxøHmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ¬karBiPakSa¦ ³ cUrsresr 

RbeyaKxageRkamenAelIpÞaMgRkdas ³ 

eyIgmansiT§ikñúgkardwgfa etInrNaxøHmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_enAkñúgshKmn_ . RbsinebIeyIgmindwgfa 

mannrNaxøHEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_eTenaH eyIgminGacpþl;karKaMRT ehIyeyIgk¾minGackarBar 

shKmn_)anEdr . dUecñH eyIgKYrTTYl)annUvB½t’manenH . 

cUrBiPakSa - {etIGñkyl;eXIjdUcemþc GMBITsSn³enH ? etIGñkyl;RsbeTAnwgTsSn³enHEdrb¤eT?} 



niyay. 

GgÁkarkñúgshKmn_Etgcg;TTYl)anB½t’manGMBIRbCaCnNaxøHenAkñúgshKmn_EdlmanpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ . BYkeKmanGarmμN_fa BYkeKRtUvkarB½t’manenH edIm,I[BYkeKGac { KaMRTdl;RKYsar nigkarBar 

shKmn_ . } 

B½t’manGMBIlT§plénkareFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ KYrpþl;CUndl;buKÁl sVamI b¤Priyarbs;buKÁl 

nigevC¢bNÐit RBmTaMgKilanubdæayika Edlpþl;karBüa)aldl;buKÁlCaGñkCmWbu:eNÑaH . B½t’manenH 

minKYrpþl;CUndl;GñkdéTeTotenaHeT . manEtGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_bu:eNÑaH EdlGacseRmccitþeTA 

elIGñkEdlKat;KYrCRmabGMBIB½t’manenH . 

RbsinebIB½t’manGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;smaCikshKmn_RKb;rUbRtUv)anpþl;CUneTA[ 

GgÁkar shKmn_ TegVIEbbenH KWCakarrMelaPeTAelIsiT§imnusS . vanwgeFIV[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

TaMgGs;enaHkøayCaeKaledAénkarmak;gay . 

kardwgB½t’manGMBInrNaxøHEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ BuMEmnCaTRmg;mYyénkarkarBarenaHeT GaRs½y 

eday emeraKeGds_BuMcmøgtamry³xül;dUcCmWrebg b¤tamry³karR)aRs½yTak;TgsgÁmFmμtaeLIy . 

karP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_mYycMnYn KWbNþalmkBIkarRKbdNþb;rbs;RbB½n§pSBVpSay GMBIGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_minTan;RKb;RKan; . dUcKñaeTAnwgCmWmharIkEdr eGds_KWCaCmWraMérmYyEdlGacRKb;RKg 

)an . GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg RbsinebIBYkeKeRbIR)as;»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ 

[)anRtwmRtUv nigrs;enARbkbedayPaBviC¢man . 

205

X>5 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾mansiT§iEdr ¡ 


lMhat;enHelIkeLIgGMBIbBaðaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_EdlsiT§irbs;BYkeKRtUv)anbdiesF kñúglkçN³CaTRmg; 

mYyénkarmak;gay . sRmab;xøwmsarbEnßmGMBIsiT§i sUmemIlCMBUk g EpñkTI4/ 10 nig 11. 

eKalbMNg 


dwgfa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mansiT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUvdUcKñaeTAnwgRbCaCndéTeTotEdr 

dwgfa siT§irbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_EtgRtUv)aneKbdiesF 

seRmccitþGMBIrebobEdlRKYsar nigshKmn_GaceFIVkarbBa¢ak;pþl;siT§iTaMgenaHeLIgvij 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> b½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnit ³ EbgEcksikçakam[eFIVkargarCaKU nigCUnsnøwkb½NÑTeTs¥atmYycMnYndl; 

BYkeK. esñI[KUnimYy²eFIVkarRbmUlpþúMKMnitedaysresrGMBIsiT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_. esñI[sikçakamsresrEtmYycMNucbu:eNÑaHenAelIb½NÑmYysnøwk nigbitb½NÑTaMgenaH 

enAelICBa¢aMgeTAtamRbePTéncMNucnimYy² -{siT§i} nig {karTTYlxusRtUv}. 

cUrBiPakSa ³ 

206

CMBUk X 

etIkñúgcMeNamsiT§iTaMgGs;enH mansiT§iNaxøHEdlRKYsarBüayamdkecjBIbuKÁl? ehtuGIV? 

etIGIVxøHCa\T§iBlcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RbsinebIsiT§iTaMgGs;enHRtUv)aneKbdiesF? 

etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøHedIm,IbBa¢ak; nigpþl;siT§iTaMgenaHdl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_eLIgvij? 

etIGIVxøHCakarTTYlxusRtUvEdlRtUveFIVdMeNIrRsbKñaCamYysiT§iTaMgenH? 

2> karsEmþgtYGgÁ ³ EbgEcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² . esñI[RkumnimYy²eRCIserIssiT§imYykñúgcMeNam 

siT§iTaMgGs; nigeFIVkarsEmþgtYGgÁxøImYy edIm,IbgðajGMBIrebobEdlsiT§ienHGacTTYlrgkarrMelaP 

bMBan . 


kñúgnamCaRKYsar etIeyIgGaceFIVdUcemþcedIm,IFanafa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TTYl)annUvsiT§iTaMgenH? 

]TahrN_éncemøIyeqøIytb 





siT§i 

RtUvTTYl)ankareKarB RtUvTTYl)anTMnak;TMngrUbv½nþ RtUvGacrYmcMENkkñúgkarseRmccitþrbs;RKYsar 

RtUvGacmanmitPkþi RtUvmanGaharhUbcuk RtUvGacrYmePT RtUvGacmanépÞeBaH RtUvGacmankUn RtUv 

GacTTYl)ankarEfTaMevC¢sa®sþ RtUvmansemøókbMBak; RtUvmanCRmk TTYl)anPaBs¥at)at GaccUl 

rYmenAkñúgRBwtþikarN_shKmn_. 

karTTYlxusRtUv 

ebIkcMhrcMeBaHkarpþl;dMbUnμan CYyeFIVkargarkñúgpÞHenAeBlEdlGaceFIVeTA)an sþab;GñkdéT CYyrk 

cMNUlenAeBlmansuxPaBl¥ GnuvtþkarrYmePTRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB. 

207

X>5 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾mansiT§iEdr 

¡ 


siT§iEdlkMBugTTYlrgkarrMelaPbMBan 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_rMBwgfa smaCikRKYsarrbs;BYkeKnwgbnþRsLaj;BYkeK bu:Enþ GaRs½yedaykar 

P½yxøac RKYsarmYycMnYn)anbBaÄb;ral;TMnak;TMngrUbv½nþ nigenAqayBIBYkeK . TegIVEbbenH )anbMpøaj 

qnÞ³kñúgkarrs;enArbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 



niyay. 

eyIgRtUvFanafa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_cUlrYmkñúgdMeNIrkarseRmccitþGMBICIvitrbs;BYkeK sUm,IEtenAeBl 

EdlBYkeKQWk¾eday. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUvyl;GMBIbnÞúkrbs;RKYsar mann½yfa BYkeKminEmnEtgGacTTYl)annUvGIV 

EdlCatRmUvkarrbs;BYkeKTaMgGs;enaHeLIy. 

kñúgnamCashKmn_ eyIgGacEsVgrkviFIedIm,IKaMRTRKYsar EdlnwgCMruj[mankareKarBsiT§i nigkar 

TTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

208

209 

CMBUk X

X>6 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA 

)anyUrGEgVg nigmanCIvitbribUrN’ 

eKalbMNg 


dwgfa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg nigRbkbedayplitPaBx cUrsYrsMnYr ³ etIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GaceFIVGIV)anxøH edIm,Irs;enA)anyUrGEgVg nigRbkbeday 

plitPaBx

CMBUk X 






TTYlyksßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK nigTTYlsÁal;xøÜnÉg 

R)ab;smaCikRKYsardéT nigmitþPkþiCitsñiT§ nigsuMkarKaMRTBIBYkeK 

rkSaTMnak;TMngCitsñiT§Edlpþl;karKaMRT nigesckþIRsLaj; 

EsVgyl;GMBIrebobTTYl)an»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ 

TTYlkarBüa)alCmW»kasniym 

ecosvagkarqøgemeraKrGds_CafμImþgeTot nigCmWkameraKdéT 

GnuvtþkarrYmePTRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB 

TTYlTancMNIGaharl¥² nigGaharUbtßmÖ 

dwknaMCIvitrs;enAkñúgsgÁm[manPaBskmμ nigsuxPaBl¥ 

ecosvagkarFøak;Twkcitþ nigRtUvrkSa\riyabfviC¢man nigsb,ayrIkray 

2> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_min)anTTYl»kas edIm,Ipþl;karrYmcMENk ³ EbgEcksikçakamCaRkum 

nigpþl;sac;erOgmYydl;RkumnimYy² . esñI[RkumTaMgGs;Gansac;erOgTaMgenaH nigeqøIysMnYrenAcug 

bBa©b;énsac;erOg . 

k> viman 

taMgBIFøak;xøÜnQWmk viman )ansñak;enApÞHrbs;bgRsInag . BIr-bI s)aþh_mun viman manGarmμN_ 

FURsal ehIyk¾)anseRmccitþeFIV[bgRsIrbs;xøÜnPJak;ep¥IledaycMGinGahareBllacd¾Biess edIm,I 

TTYlbgRsIrbs;xøÜn . enAeBlEdlbgRsIrbs; viman RtLb;mkBIeFIVkarvij Kat;manGarmμN_rn§t; 

citþCaxøaMg edayeXIj viman kMBugdaMsør . bgRsIrbs; viman R)ab;nagfa nagkMBugmanCmWFn;Fr 

Nas; minRtUvcUlpÞH)aycMGinmðÚbdUecñHeT . bgRsIrbs; viman niyayfa Kat;cg;cMGinmðÚbjaMuedayxøÜn 

ÉgCag . 

211

X>6 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg 

nigmanCIvitbribUrN’ 

x> qay 

qay eFIVkarenAkñúgeragcRkmYy. ry³eBlBIr-bIExcugeRkayenH qay TTYl)aneBlevlaQb; 

sMrakmYycMnYn GaRs½yedayKat;manCmW. enAeBlEdlKat;RtLb;eTAeFIVkarvij GñkRKb;RKg)an 

R)ab;Kat;fa Kat;RtUv)anbþÚr[eTAeFIVkarenAEpñkepSg EdlkargarmanPaBFUrRsalCagsRmab; qay 

TaMgEpñkragÁkay nigxYrk,al. qay manGarmμN_fa eKminsUv[témøKat;. 

K> suFa 

suFa KWCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGs_. Kat;cg;sagsg;pÞHmYysRmab;RKYsarrbs;Kat; dUecñHKat;k¾)aneTA 

Pñak;gar\NTanmYy edIm,IsuMx©IR)ak;. enAeBlEdlPñak;gar\NTansgS½yfa Kat;manpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ BaküesñIsuMrbs;Kat; RtUv)aneKTat;ecal. 

X> KIrI 

KIrI cUlcitþkILa)al;Tat; nigelg)al;[Rkumrbs;Kat;erogral;s)aþh_. fμI²enH KIrI manCmW bu:Enþ 

cab;taMgBI)ancab;epþImTTYlkarBüa)aleday»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ KIrI k¾cab;epþImmanGarmμN_ 

FUrRsaleLIgvij. resolmYy KIrI )anRtLb;mkTTYlkarbNþúHbNþalkILa)al;Tat;vij ehIy 

RKUbgVwk)anR)ab; KIrI fa KIrI manCmWFn; dUecñH KIrI KYrEtQb;elg)al;eTA. tYnaTIrbs; KIrI enAkñúgRkum 

RtUv)anbþÚreTA[yuvCnv½yekμgmñak;. 


etImanGIVekIteLIgenAkñúgsac;erOgnimYy²? ehtuGIV? 

etIsac;erOgTaMgGs;enHcg;niyaydUcemþcGMBIsmtßPaBkñúgkarrYmcMENkrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_? 

3> CIvitenAEtbnþCaerogrhUt ¡ esñI[sikçakamTaMgGs;Gansac;erOgxageRkam . 

212

CMBUk X 

sac;erOgTI 1 

GñkebIkrfynþmñak;)ancab;epþImmanCmWkñúgqñaM2000 nigsøab;kñúgedImqñaM2002 . enAeBlEdlKat;cab;epþIm 

manCmWdMbUg manBaküccamGaramCaeRcInBIGñkCitxag . eKniyayfa Kat;qøgemeraKeGds_tampøÚv . eK 

)aneTAsYrsuxTukçKat;enAeBlEdlKat;Føak;xøÜnQWCaelIkdMbUg ehIyeRkaymk eKk¾Qb;eTAsYrsuxTukçKat; . 

Priyarbs;GñkebIkrfynþmñak;enH KWCakmμkarIkat;edrenAkñúgeragcRkmYy ehIyKat;)anEfrTaMsVamIrbs;xøÜn . 

Kat;EtgeTAeFIVkaryWt GaRs½yedayKat;manbnÞúkFn;FrkñúgkarEfTaMsVamI ehIyTIbMputKat;k¾RtUveKbBaÄb; 

kargar. eRkayeBl)at;bg;kargareragcRk Kat;)anerobcMkEnøgkat;edrtUcmYyenAkñúgpÞHrbs;Kat;. Kat; 

cUlcitþkargarkat;edrenHNas; ehIy®sþICaeRcIn)anmkrkKat;edIm,Ikat;edrsemøókbMBak;. eRkaymkKat; 

)andwgfa Kat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_. Kat;)anTTYlyksßanPaBrbs;Kat; ehIyKat;)aneFIVGIV²RKb;y:agEdl 

Kat;GaceFIVeTA)an edIm,I[Kat;mansuxPaBl¥ rYmTaMg»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_pgEdr. ebIeTaHbICasVamI 

rbs;Kat;)ansøab;eTAehIyk¾eday suxPaBrbs;Kat;manPaBl¥RbesIreLIg ehIyKat;kan;EtrwgmaMCagmun. 

sBVéfenH Kat;enAmanCIvitCaFmμta . 

sac;erOgTI 2 

kBaØa Gwm minsb,aycitþTal;EtesaHenAeBlEdldwgfa mitþRbusrbs;xøÜn KWCaGñkcak;eRKOgejón . nag 

)anerobkarCamYymitþRbus edIm,IBRgwgTwkcitþmitþRbusrbs;nag[e)aHbg;eRKOgejón . eRkaymk nag)an 

dwgfa nagmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ bu:Enþnag)ansRmalkUnRbkbedaysuvtßiPaB . edaymankarKaMRTBIRKYsar 

nag)anCMnHeTAelIkarriHKn; nigbnþciBa©wmkUnrbs;nag . Caerogral;éf nageTApSaredIm,Ilk;bEnørkR)ak; . 

bu:Enþ sVamIrbs;nagenAEtkMBugeRbIR)as;eRKOgejóndEdl . sVamIrbs;nagRtUv)ancab;xøÜn nigbBa¢ÚneTA 

Bn§naKarGs;ry³eBl 3qñaM . Kat;)ansøab;xN³eBlEdlKat;enAkñúgBn§naKar . enAeBlEdlnagTTYl 

dMNwgenH nag)anTn;CgÁg; dYl . bnþiceRkaymk suxPaBrbs;nagkan;EtFn;FreLIghIy sßanPaBrbs;nag 

k¾)anvivDÆeTACaCmWeGds_ . ebIeTaHbICaRbQmeTAnwgkarlM)akTaMgenHk¾eday nag)anebþCJacitþbnþrs;enA 

edIm,IkUnRsIrbs;nag . nagbnþlk;bEnøenAÉpSar bu:EnþGtifiCnrbs;nagCaeRcIn)anQb;TijbEnørbs;nag . 

eBlenaH nagdwgfanagRtUveFIVGIVepSg . nag)ancUlrYmRkumGb;rMGMBIemeraKeGs_enAkñúgtMbn;Edlnagrs;enA . 

nag)anebIkcMhrGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;nag nigR)ab;GMBIdMeNIrerOgCIvitrbs;nageTARbCaCndéT 

eTot . nagEføgsnÞrkfaenAkñúgkEnøgCaeRcInepSg²Kña nigcUlrYmkñúgkmμviFIB½t’man karGb;rM nigkarTMnak;TMng 

213

X>6 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg 

nigmanCIvitbribUrN’ 

edIm,I[RbCaCndwgfa karEdlbuKÁlmñak; pÞúkemeraKeGds_ minEmnmann½yfa CIvitrbs;buKÁlmñak;enaHRtUv 

cb;enaHeT . CIvitenAEtbnþCaerogrhUt ¡ 

segçbBIsac;erOgrbs; kBaØa Gwm EdlCasmaCikrbs;RkumGnaKtPøWsVag ¬haNUy 2004 ¦ . 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg nigRbkbedayplitPaBx

215 

CMBUk X

X>7 

karTTYlkarBüa)al 


lMhat;enH ENnaMGMBICmW»kasniym nig»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ GaRs½yedayRKYsarCaeRcInmankar 

yl;dwgtictYcGMBIRbFanbTTaMgenH . karyl;dwgkan;EteRcIneFIV[RKYsargayRsYlpþl;kar KaMRT nigkar 

EfTaM ehIyvaEfmTaMgCYybM)at;karmak;gayeTotpg . cUrGeBa¢IjGñkÉkeTsEpñkevC¢Rsasþmñak; 

¬EdlGñkdwgGMBIkarBüa)aleday»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¦ edIm,ICYyGñkBnül;GMBIbBaða nigeqøIy 

eTAnwgsMnYrrbs;ikçakam . 

RkumeKaledA 


eKalbMNg 


dwgfa CmW»kasniymCaeRcInGacBüa)al)an 

kMNt;GtþsBaØaNGMBIrebobbgáar nigkat;bnßyCmW»kasniym[Føak;mkenAkRmitGb,brima 

Bnül;GMBIkarBitCak;EsþgCamUldæanmYycMnYnGMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ 

ry³eBl 

2 em:ag 

ÉksarsRmab;EckCUnsikçakam 

ÉksarkarBitGMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ CmW»kasniym nigCmWrebg. 

CMhan 

bTbgðajEdleFIVeLIgedayGñkÉkeTsEpñkevC¢sa®sþ 

216

CMBUk X 

1> CmW»kasniym ¬b½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnit¦ ³ cUrsresrRbFanbTxageRkamenAelIb½NÑ nigbitb½NÑ 

RbFanbTTaMgenaHenAelICBa¢aMg ³ 

etICmW»kasniymTUeTAmYycMnYnEdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RbQmmuxmanGIVxøH? 

etIeraKsBaØamYycMnYnénCmWrebgmanGIVxøH? 

etIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GacbgáarCmW»kasniymedayrebobNa? 

etIeyIgRbQmmuxeTAnwgkarmak;gayRbePTNaxøH EdlCalT§plbNþalmkBICmW»kasniym? 

EbgEcksikçakamCaKU nigEckb½NÑ nighVWt CUnsikçakam . esñI[sikçakamsresrcemøIy - mYycMNuc 

enAelIb½NÑmYysnøwk nigykeTAbitenAelICBa¢aMg . cUreFIVkarRtYtBinitüeLIgvij nigbBa¢ak;eTAelI 

cMNucnimYy² . 






etICmW»kasniymTUeTAmYycMnYnEdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RbQmmuxmanGIVxøH? 

CmWrebg CmWraK CmWrlaksYt CmWrlakeBaHevon pSitGNþat mharIkEs,k CmWmharIkEs,kEdl 

bNþal[ hUrQam CmWpSitGNþat CmWBgTwkføa CmWrlakeRsamxYr . 

etIeraKsBaØamYycMnYnénCmWrebgmanGIVxøH? 

RskTmn; k¥kCaRbcaM QWRTUg EbkejIseBlyb; minsUvmancMNg;Gahar RbB½n§karBarragÁkay 

Føak;cuH . 

etIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GacbgáarCmW»kasniymedayrebobNa? 

RtYtBinitüsuxPaBCaRbcaMTTYlkarBüa)al[)anqab;bMputenAeBlEdlelcecjeraKsBaØa 

sRmak[)anRKb;RKan; TTYlTancMNIGahar nigGaharUbtßmÖl¥² RtUvmanGnam½yl¥ karBüa)al 

bgáarCmWrebgKWRtUvecosvagTTYl Tansura: nig)arI ecosvagTTYlTanTwkedaHeKaedIm,Ikat;bnßy 

karraKrUs ecosvagTTYlTansáredIm,IbBaÄb; pSitGNþat . 

217

X>7 

karTTYlkarBüa)al 


etIeyIgRbQmmuxeTAnwgkarmak;gayRbePTNaxøH EdlCalT§plbNþalmkBICmW»kasniym? 

karmak;gayekIneLIg GaRs½yedayeraKsBaØaqøgEdlGacemIleXIj dUcCa dMe)A nigsñamknÞÜl . 

RKYsar)armÖGMBIBaküsmþIrbs;GñkCitxag dUecñH BYkeKBüayamlak;)aMgGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

KμannrNacg;GgÁúyEk,rÉg b¤jaMGaharCamYyÉgenaHeT . 

GñkdéTKitfa vaKWCakMhusrbs;GñkedayeKniyayfa Gñkmin)anEfTaMxøÜn[)anl¥ . 

GñkdéTsnñidæanfa GñkmanCmWeGds_ ehIynwgsøab;kñúgeBlqab;² . 

2> karBüa)aleday»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¬b½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnit¦ ³ Eckb½NÑ nighVWtCUn 

sikçakam . esñI[sikçakamsresrcemøIysRmab;sMnYr {etIGñkdwgGIVxøHGMBIkarBüa)aleday»sfRbqaMg 

emeraKeGds_?} cUresñI[sikçakamsresrmYycMNucenAelIb½NÑnimYy² nigbitsnøwkb½NÑTaMgenaHenA 

elICBa¢aMg . 

RbmUlcMNucEdlmanlkçN³RsedogKña nigbnÞab;mkcUrBinitüeLIgvijeTAelIcMNucnimYy²edaysYr 

sMnYrxageRkam³ 

etIGñkyl;RsbeTAnwgcMNucenHEdrb¤eT? 

etImankarEksRmYl b¤karbEnßmGIVEdrb¤eT? 

EckÉksarEdlpþl;B½t’manBitR)akdGMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ . RtUvFanafa bBaðaxageRkamenH 

RtUv)anRKbdNþb; . 

218 

bBaðaEdlRtUvRKbdNþb; ³ 

karBüa)aledayviFIsa®sþrYmKña RbePTeRKOgejónepSg²Kña eBlevlasmRsbEdlRtUvcab; 

epþImkarBüa)al etsþrab; CD4 karGnuvtþ[)anx¢ab;x¢Ün ¬TTYlTan»sf[)anRtwmRtUvtam 

cMnYn nigeBlevlakMNt;¦ plb:H Bal;GviC¢manrbs;»sf kRmitCatiBul TIkEnøgTTYl»sf 

témø»sf PaBsauMeTAnwg»sf ¬eRbIR)as;cMeNHdwg rbs;RbCaBlrdæGMBIPaBsauM eFobeTAnwgCmW 

déTeTot - ]> »sfBüa)alCmWRKuncaj; ¦ ry³eBlénkarBüa)al.

CMBUk X 

3> bBaðakarBüa)al¬]bTÞvehtucm,g²¦ ³ EbgEckCaRkumtUc² nigpþl;[RkumnimYy²nUvbBaða 

mYykñúgcMeNambBaðaTaMgGs;xageRkam . esñI[sikçakamsEmþgtYGgÁGMBIsßanPaBenaH nigBüayam 

EsVgrkdMeNaHRsay . 

k> bursmñak;niyayeTAkan;kUnRbusrbs;Kat;EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_fa {[BuksuMeTasNakUn>>>> 

eyIgElgmanR)ak;edIm,ITijfñaMeTotehIy .} bursCa«Buk)anlYcR)ab;RbBn§xøÜnfa {eyIgcaM)ac; 

eTAx¢Hx¢ayluykak;eTAelIvaeFIVGI>>>> ebIvaKg;Etsøab;dEdlhñwg ehIyvaEfmTaMgbgá[manbBaða 

enHekIteLIgeTot ¡ } 

x> RKYsarmYy)anCMBak;bMNuleKCaeRcIn edayRKYsarenHBüayamBüa)alkUnRbusrbs;BYkeK Edl 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_ edayqøas;karEsVgrkkarBüa)almþgBIevC¢bNÐitÉkCn nigmþgBIRKUExμr . 

K> GñkCmWmñak;Qb;TTYlTan»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ edayniyayfa Kat;)anFUrRsalehIy . 

X> «Bukmñak;)aneTAKøInikCamYykUnRbusrbs;Kat;EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ edIm,ITTYl»sfRbqaMgemeraK 

eGds_ ehIyKat;)aneQøaHCamYybuKÁliksuxPaB edaysarTegIVEdleKeFIVeTAelIkUnRbusrbs; 

kat; . 



niyay. 

RKYsarCaeRcInKμanB½t’manRKb;RKan;GMBICmW»kasniym ehIyktþaenH GacbNþal[manCMenOEdleBareBj 

edaykarmak;gaymYycMnYndUcCa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_CaGñkEdlmanCmW nigrg;caMEtéfsøab; . 

RbsinebIRKYsarmankaryl;dwgeRcInGMMBICmW»kasniym nig»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ BYkeKGacpþl; 

karKaMRT nigkarEfTaMkan;EtRbesIr . 

sBVéfenH eyIgman»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_eRcInCagmun nigGacpþl;kþIsgÇwmsRmab;eBlGnaKt 

dl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . bu:Enþ GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUvCMnHeTAelIkarP½yxøackñúgkarTTYlrgkar 

mak;gay edIm,ITTYl)ankarBüa)aleday»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ . 

ebIeTaHbICa enAeBlEdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GacTTYl)an»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_k¾eday k¾BYkeK 

GacCa enAEtRbQmmuxeTAnwgbBaðaEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarmak;gayEdr . 

219

CMBUkg³ 

Tb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay 

esckþIepþIm 

enAkñúgKMnitpþÜcepþImtamshKmn_TaMgLay EdlmaneKaledARbyuT§RbqaMgnwgkarmak;gay CakarsMxan; 

EdlRtUvdak;bBa©ÚlyuT§sa®sþ edIm,IKaMRT[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GacTb;Tl;nwgplb:HBal;énkarmak;gay. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gac edIrtYnaTIsMxan; enAkñúgkarkMNt;BIkarmak;gaykñúgTRmg;epSg²CaeRcIn nig enAkñúg 

karbegáInkaryl;dwgrbs;shKmn_GMBIkarxUcxat nig karQWcab; EdlbgáeLIgedaykarmak;gay nig kar 

erIseGIg. 

CMBUkenHRtUv)aneroberogeLIgedayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mYyRkum sRmab;eRbIR)as;enAkñúgRkumKaMRTGñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤enAkñúgvKÁbNþúHbNþalGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. eKalbMNgsMxan; KWedIm,IBRgwgsßanPaB 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_kñúgnamCabuKÁlmñak; [ecHTb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay nigGPivDÆn_smtßPaBdwknaM sMedA 

CYy nigpþl;karKaMRTdl;GñkdéTeTot. skmμPaBTaMgenHpþl;lT§PaB[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_EckrMElkbT- 

BiesaFn _nigyuT§sa®sþGPivDÆn_CMnajR)aRs½yTak;Tg nigniyaybBa¢ak;GHGag nig ksagtémøxøÜnÉg. 

220

lMhat; 

k>1> yuT§sa®sþ edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay 

g>2> karmak;gay nig kareFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_ 

g>3> karbegðIbR)ab; - R)ab;RKYsarrbs;Gñk 

g>4> emeraKeGds_ nig siT§imnusS 

g>5> karniyaybBa¢ak;GHGag edIm,ITamTar[mankarRbtibtþiRbkbedayyutþiFm’ 

g>6> CMgWxVl;xVaykñúgcitþ nig gay)ak;Twkcitþ 

g>7> Tb;Tl;nwgkarFøak;Twkcitþ 

g>8> ksagtémøxøÜnÉg 

g>9> Tb;Tl;nwge®sþs 

g>10> {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} minmanRbsiT§PaBenaHeLIy 

g>11> {kuM[mankUn} 

221

g>1 

yuT§sa®sþ edIm,ITb;Tl;nwg 

karmak;gay 

222 


enAkñúglMhat;enH GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_niyayGMBIbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK GMBIemeraKeGds_ 

nig karmak;gay nig yuT§sa®sþpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay. 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;emeronenH sikçakamnwgGac³ 

EckrMElkbTBiesaFn_ EdlFøab;rgkarmak;gay nig karerIseGIg 

vaytémøplb:HBal;énbTBiesaFn_TaMgenH 

cab;epþImbegáItyuT§sa®sþ edIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay nig karerIseGIg 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> erOgr:avGMBIkarmak;gay-karqøúHbBa©aMgCalkçN³buKÁl ³ [sikçakamGgÁúyedayELkBI 

Kña nig[BYkeKKitGMBI {kal³eTs³mYy enAeBlEdlGñkdéT)aneFVIGaRkk;mkelIGñk edaysarEt 

GñkmanemeraKeGds_}. TukeBl 5 naTI edIm,I[sikçakammñak;²eFVIkarqøúHbBa©aMgy:agsb;sat;. 

2> EcksikçakamCaKU. [édKUnImYy²EckrMElkbTBiesaFn_rbs;BYkeK EdlFøab;TTYlrgkarmak;gay. 

3> [RkumTaMgmUlmkCuMKña ehIyGeBa¢Ijsikçakam[EckrMElkerOgr:avrbs;BYkeKedaysμ½RKcitþ. 

4> [RkumTaMgmUleRCIserIserOgmYy kñúgcMeNamerOgTaMgenH nigeFVIkarsEmþgtYEp¥keTAtamerOgenH.

CMBUk g 

5> bnÞab;BIkarsEmþgtYrYcBiPakSa³ 

etImanGVIekIteLIg? etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc? etImUlehtuGVI EdlCab¤sKl;rbs;karmak;gayenH? 

6> yuT§sa®sþTb;Tl;¬bMpusKMnitedayeRbIb½NÑ¦ ³ EcksikçakamCaKU nigsYr - {etImanyuT§sa®sþ 

pÞal;xøÜnGVIxøH EdleyIgGaceRbIR)as; edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg?} sresryuT§sa®sþ 

mYyenAelIb½NÑmYy ehIybiTvaenAelICBa¢aMg. [sikçakamdkecjnUvb½NÑEdldUcKña nigdak;b½NÑ 

EdldUcKñaenAkñúgRbePTEtmYy. 

7> begáItRkumtUc² nig[RkumTaMgGs;eRCIserIsb½NÑcMnYn 3 RbePT EdlBYkeKKitfa manRbsiT§PaBbMput 

nig Bnül;BImUlehtu. 

8> sYr - {etImanviFImYycMnYnGVIxøH EdleyIgGacTb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay edaymankarCYyBIGñkdéT? 

etIeyIgGacpþl;karKaMRT[KñaeTAvijeTAmkedayrebobNa kñúgnamCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_? kt;Rta 

cMNucnana enAelIRkdaspÞaMgFM. 

]TahrN_ényuT§sa®sþsRmab;Tb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay 





rkSakarsb;sat;. TTYlyksßanPaBpÞal;xøÜnrbs;eyIg. minykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHGñk EdlkMBug 

mak;gayeyIg - nig kuM[karmak;gayb:HBal;dl;eyIg. ecosvagsßanPaBénkarmak;gay. sYrrk 

ehtupldl;GñkEdlmak;gay. begðIbR)ab;sßanPaBrbs;eyIg [mitþP½®kþ nig RKYsardwg edIm,I[BYkeK 

Gacpþl;karKaMRT. eFVIkargar edaymanTMnukcitþedayxøÜnÉg. niyayeTAkan;mitþP½®kþ GMBIbTBiesaFn_ 

EdlFøab;TTYlrgkarmak;gay. cUlrYmenAkñúgRkumKaMRTGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. rs;enAedayviC¢man nig 

eFVIkargarEdlmanRbeyaCn_. 

9> segçb ³ bB©ab;emeronenHtamry³ eFVIkarsegçbcMNucsMxan;² Edlsikçakam)anelIkeLIgenAkñúg 

lMhat;enH. 

223

g>2 

karmak;gay nig 

kareFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_ 


kareTAeFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_GacCakrNIelIkdMbUg EdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_CYbRbTHnwgkar 

mak;gay - b¤ karP½yxøackarmak;gay. 

eKalbMNg 


EckrMElkbTBiesaFn_rbs;BYkeKGMBIkareFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_ 

riHrkviFIEdlGacTb;Tl;nwgkarP½yxøackarmak;gayenAeBldMbUg 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> bTBiesaFn_énkareFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_¬karBiPakSa¦ ³ [sikçakamEckrMElk 

cemøIycMeBaHsMNYrxageRkamCaKU ³ 

etImanGVIekIteLIg enAeBlEdlGñkeTAeFVIetsþQamrkemerakeGds_? etImanGVIEdll¥? GVIEdl 

GaRkk;? 

etIGñkP½yxøacGVICageK enAeBlEdlGñkdwgfa GñkmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

RbsinebIGñkGacpøas;bþÚrGVI² EdlGñkFøab;CYbknøgmk etIGñkcg;pøas;bþÚrGVI? 

224

CMBUk g 






bTBiesaFn_énkareFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ 

´mkdl;mNÐlpþl;RbwkSa nigeFVIetsþQamedaysmat; edaymankarP½yxøacy:agxøaMg BYkeKCYy 

´)antictYcbu:eNÑaH. 

mankarpþl;RbwkSa[ý:agtictYcbu:eNÑaH - ´manGarmμN_famin)aneRtomxøÜnrYcral;eLIy edIm,I 

TTYlyknUvlT§pletsþQam. 

BuMmankarrkSakarsmat;GVIeLIy - B½t’manenHRtUv)anR)ab;t²Kña BIbuKÁlikmñak;eTAbuKÁlikmñak;eTot. 

karP½yxøac enAeBldwgBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_ 

karsøab;. enABImux´ eBareBjeTAedayesckþIQWcab;. GVI²suT§EtminR)akd. etIeKnwgniyayGVIxøH 

GMBÍ ? etÍ nwgR)ab;«Bukmþayrbs;´GVIxøH? kareFVI[Gam:as; nigkarsþIbenÞas. )at;bg;kargar mitþP½®kþ. 

etInwgmanGVIxøHekIteLIgcMeBaHRKYsar nigkUn²rbs;´? 

2> dMeNIrkar³ 

etIeyIgGacCYyGñkdéTeTot edayrebobNa edIm,I[BYkeKmanesckþIkøahanh‘aneTAeFVIetsþ 

QamrkemeraKeGds_? 

etIeyIgGacCYypþl;RbwkSa edayrebobNa edIm,I[BYkeKeRtomxøÜnTb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay)an 

kan;EtRbesIr? 



niyay. 

225

g>2 

karmak;gay 

nigkareFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_ 

kareFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ GacCaelIkTImYy EdleyIgCYbRbTHnwgkarmak;gay ¬CYnkal kar 

mak;gay EdlBak;B½n§sUm,IEtnwgkaredIrcUleTAkan;KøInikmYy EdlBiessGacraraMgmnusSmin[eFVI 

etsþ¦. 

kñúgnamCamnusS EdlFøab;manbTBiesaFn_EbbenH eyIgGacpþl;CadMbUnμandl;Gñkpþl;karRbwkSa nig 

kareFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_edaysμ½RKcitþ nig edayrkSakarsmat; (VCCT) GMBIrebobpþl;karKaMRT 

dl;GtifiCnrbs;BYkeK[)ankan;EtRbesIrCagmun nig eRtomBYkeK[Tb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay. 

226

227 

CMBUk g

g>3 karbegðIbR)ab; ³ R)ab;RKYsarrbs;Gñk 


lMhat;enHEsVgyl;BIbBaðaénkarbegðIbR)ab;. 

eKalbMNg 


)anEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_GMBIkarbegðIbR)ab;smaCikRKYsar GMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK 

)anGPivDÆn_CMnaj nig yuT§sa®sþ edIm,IbegðIbR)ab;smaCikRKYsar 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> karP½yxøacGMBIkarbegðIbR)ab; ³ [sikçakamEckrMElkbTBiesaFn_KñaCaKUeqøIytbnwgsMNYr {etI 

GñkmankarP½yxøacGVIxøH enAeBlEdlGñkR)ab;RbBn§¼bþI¼édKU smaCikRKYsar b¤ mitþP½®kþrbs;Gñk? 

228

CMBUk g 






karP½yxøacGMBIkarbegðIbR)ab; 

BYkeKGacElgrab;rk´ P½yxøacGMeBIhigSa )at;bg;karKaMRTEpñkhirBaØvtßú nigkarelIkTwkcitþ. eKGac 

eRbIR)as;B½t’manenH RbqaMgnwg´. niyayedIm smaCikRKYsarlHbg;écal Kitfańwgsøab;qab;² 

minxan. eFVI[´Gam:as; edaysarEtGVIEdl´)anRbRBwtþkalBIGtItkal. 

2> bTBiesaFn_GMBIkarR)ab;smaCikRKYsar ³ kñúgédKUdEdl EckrMElkbTBiesaFn_rbs;xøÜneTA 

vijmk cMeBaHsMNYrxageRkam³ 

etIGñk)anR)ab;GñkNa enAkñúgRKYsarrbs;Gñk GMBIkarpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;Gñk? 

etIGñkR)ab;edayrebobNa? 

etImanGVI)anekIteLIg? 

3> karGnuvtþrebobbegðIbR)ab; ¬karsEmþgtYCaKU¦ ³ lMhat;enHRtUv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,Ipþl;[ 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_nUv karhVwkhat;begðIbR)ab;BIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_ dl;smaCikRKYsar. BiPakSa 

CaKU ³ 

etIcg;R)ab;GñkNa? 

etIGñkmankarRBYy)armÖGVIxøH cMeBaHkarbegðIbR)ab;dl;BYkeK? 

[sikçakammñak;²dak;GaTiPaBmnusS elIbBa¢Irbs;BYkeK eTAtam³ 

vasMxan; bu:EnþBi)akniyayR)ab; - nig ehtuGVI)anCaBi)akniyayR)ab; 

minsUvsMxan; bu:EnþBi)akR)ab; nig ehtuGVI)anCaBi)akniyayR)ab; 

sMxan; bu:EnþgayRsYlR)ab; 

minsUvsMxan; bu:EnþgayRsYlR)ab; 

229

g>3 

karbegðIbR)ab;³ 

R)ab;RKYsarrbs;Gñk 

]TahrN_ 

Bi)akR)ab; gayRsYlR)ab; 

sMxan; «Buk mþay 

minsUvsMxan; BU bgRbus 

bnÞab;mkBnül;fa enAkñúglMhat;bnÞab; sikçakamKYrhVwkhat;GMBIrebobbegðIbR)ab;mnusSEdl {sMxan; 

bu:Enþ Bi)akR)ab;} . 

4> karsEmþgtY³ EcksikçakamCaKU ehIy[KUnImYy²seRmccitþ faGñkNaCaGñkbegðIbR)ab; nig GñkNa 

CaGñkEdlRtUv)aneKR)ab;. hVwkhat;begðIbR)ab;BIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk cMeBaHmnusSmñak;enH. enAeBl 

EdlédKU)anbBa©b; ehIy[BYkeKpøas;bþÚrtYnaTIKña. 5 naTIeRkaymk [édKUmYy b¤ BIr sμ½RKcitþ 

mkenAcMkNþal ehIy bgðajkarsEmþgtYrbs; BYkeK eTAkan;RkumTaMgmUl. 

5> karBiPakSa³ 

etIGñkmanGarmμN_y:agdUcemþc enAeBlbegðIbR)ab;BIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk? 

etIGñkmanGarmμN_y:agdUcemþc enAeBlEdlGñkRtUv)anmnusSdéTR)ab;BIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK? 

etIGñk)aneRbIR)as;bec©keTsGVIxøH edIm,IR)ab;BIerOgr:avrbs;Gñk? 

etIdMbUnμanGVIxøH EdlGñknwgpþl;dl;GñkdéTGMBIkarbegðIbR)ab;? 

etIeyIgeronecHGVIxøH GMBIkarsEmþgtYenH? 

]TahrN_ - hVwkhat;karbegðIbR)ab; 





230

CMBUk g 


®sþIR)ab;bþIrbs;xøÜn 

eRCIserIsTIkEnøg nig eBlevlaEdlsaksm ]> enAeBlEdlkUneKglk;. 

pþl;B½t’manenHyWt² - cab;epþImedayniyayfa Kat;)aneTAKøInik edIm,IBinitüsuxPaB bnÞab;mk 

niyayfa mitþP½®kþrbs;Kat;)aneFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ bnÞab;mk niyayfa Kat;k¾)anseRmc 

citþeFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_Edr. 

enAtamcMNucnImYy²énerOgenH Kat;)anQb; edIm,IBinitüemIlkaryl;dwg nig Rbtikmμtbrbs; 

édKUsin muneBlbnþniyayeTot. 

bgb¥ÚnRbus R)ab;bgb¥ÚnRsI 

eRCIserIseBlevlaEdll¥bMput enAeBlresol bnÞab;BIekμg²cUleKgGs;. 

cab;epþIm edayniyayfa {mUlehtu Edlćg;niyayCamYyÉg KWedaysarEt ´dwgfaÉgGac 

KaMRT nig CYy´)an} 

ehtuGVI)anCaeRCIserIsbgb¥ÚnRsI? nag)andwgrYceTAehIyGMBIemeraKeGds_. nagnwgmanGarmμN_ 

GaNitGasUr. 

kUnRbusniyayeTAkan;«Buk 

eRCIserIseBlevlaEdll¥bMput RBwkRBlwméfc½nÞ enAkñúgpÞH. 

ehtuGVI? cg;niyay[)anxøI nig TukeBl[Kat;Kit. 

vKÁTI 2 - «BukbenÞaskUnRbus edaysarEt\riyabfrbs;va. 

karbdiesF - «Buk[kUnRbusrbs;Kat; eTAeFVIetsþmþgeTot. 

enHbgðajBIkarmak;gayEdlnwgGacekItmaneLIgcMeBaH«Buk - Kat;nwgTTYlkarsþIbenÞas eday 

sarEtmin)anciBa©wmkUn[)anl¥. 

GñkNa EdlgayRsYlR)ab;Cag? 

GñkEdlmanePTdUcKña. 

bgb¥ÚnRbus b¤ bgb¥ÚnRsI - ehtuGVI? zan³dUcKña enAkñúgRKYsar. 

231

g>3 

karbegðIbR)ab;³ 

R)ab;RKYsarrbs;Gñk 


yuT§sa®sþ nigviFIsa®sþ 

cab;epþImR)ab;sac;jati EdlGñkCitsñiTCamYy. 

rkeBl EdlgayRsYl[mnusSp©g;GarmμN_. 

rkkEnøg EdlKμankarrMxan. 

begáItTMnak;TMngl¥ nig kareCOCak;. 

R)ab;yWt² ehIy enAdMNak;kalnImYy² emIlelIrebobEdleKeqøIytb. 

suMeyabl; nig karKaMRTrbs;BYkeK. 

begðIbR)ab;bnþicmþg². RbsinebIGñkTTYl)ankareqøIytbEbbKaMRTBImnusSTImYy vapþl;[GñknUv 

esckþIkøahan edIm,IbnþR)ab;eTot ehIyGñkGacbnþR)ab;mnusSTIBIreTot. 

RbsinebImnusSeqøIytb)anl¥ GñkGacR)ab;GñkdéTeTot)an. RbsinebIkareqøIytbeFVI[mankar 

QWcab;GñkGacseRmccitþminR)ab;GñkdéTeToteT. 

eRbIR)as;sßanPaBrbs;Gñk edIm,IelIkTwkcitþGñkdéT[mankarRbugRby½tñ kñúgCIvitrbs;BYkeK. 

RbsinebIsac;jatirbs;GñkdwgBIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk ehIyBYkeKmanCMgW BYkeKGacsuMdMbUnμanBIGñk. 

enHnwgbgðajBIKuNtémørbs;Gñk ¬BYkeKGacBwgBak;Gñk[CYyBYkeK¦. 



niyay. 

GñkmincaM)ac;R)ab;RKb;Kña GMBIsßanPaBrbs;GñkeLIy. kareRCIserIsGñkEdlGñkcg;R)ab; KWCakar 

seRmccitþrbs;Gñk. vaKWCaCeRmIs nig CasiT§irbs;Gñk. GñkminKYrmanGarmμN_fa)anrgsm

CMBUk g 

RtUvBicarNaelI W's TaMg 5 enAeBlEdlGñkKitGMBIkarbegðIbR)ab; - 

GñkNa (Whom) EdlGñkcaM)ac;RtUvR)ab;? 

etIGñkcg;R)ab;mnusSmñak;enHGMBIGVIxøH (What) GMBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_rbs;Gñk nig faetIGñk 

rMBwgcg;)an GVIBIeKmkvij? 

etIGñkKYrR)ab;mnusSmñak;enH enAeBlNa (When)? 

etIkEnøgNa (Where)EdlCakEnøgl¥bMput edIm,IeFVIkarsnÞnaEbbenH? 

ehtuGVI (Why) )anCaGñkRtUvR)ab;mnusSmñak;enH? 

kuMRbjab;Rbjal;begðIbR)ab;eK eFVItamsRmYl cMNayeBl edIm,IBicarNaBImnusSNaEdlGñkRtUv 

R)ab; nig RtUvR)ab;eKedayrebobNa. begðIbR)ab; enAeBlEdlGñkmanGarmμN_gayRsYl. 

BicarNafa etIGñkBitCamaneKalbMNgBitR)akd edIm,IR)ab;mnusSmñak;enHEmneT b¤ GñkRKan;Et 

manGarmμN_GnÞHGEnÞg nig cg; {rMsay} GarmμN_rbs;Gñk. 

hVwkhat;karbegðIbR)ab;GñkNamñak;. enHGacCaviFImYyd¾manRbeyaCn_ edIm,IbegáItyuT§sa®sþpÞal;xøÜn. 

cab;epþImR)ab;mnusS EdlGñkmanGarmμN_gayRsYlniyayCamYy - mnusSEdlGñkdwgfanwgpþl;kar 

KaMRT nig minvinicä½yGñk. 

niyay[)anxøI nig gayRsYlyl;. GñkmincaM)ac;R)ab;erOgr:avCIvitrbs;GñkenaHeLIy. 

suMeyabl; nig karKaMRTBImnusSmñak;enaH. begáItPaBeCOCak;rbs;BYkeK. 

GñkmanemeraKeGds_. minEmnmann½yfa Gñk)aneFVIGVImYyxusenaHeT. GñkmincaM)ac;suMeTas eday 

sarEtGñkRKan;EtpÞúkemeraKeGds_enaHeT. 

BuMmanviFINaEdll¥\tex©aH edIm,IbegðIbR)ab;eKenaHeLIy. eCOCak;elIsPavKtirbs;Gñk minEmnelI 

karP½yxøacrbs;GñkenaHeT. 

eTaHbICaGñkTTYl)ankareqøIytbGVIk¾eday enAkñúgsßanPaBCak;lak;mYy ehIyebIeTaHbICavamin)an 

dUceTAtamGVIEdlGñksgÇwmk¾eday Gñknwgbnþrs;enAmanCIvitbnþeTot. manmnusSdéTeTotrab;lan 

Gñk Edl)anCYbRbTHnwgbTBiesaFn_enH ehIyGacqøgkat;rYc. Gñkk¾nwgGacqøgkat;rYcEdr. 

233

g>4 emeraKeGds_ nigsiT§imnusS 


lMhat;enHRtUv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,ICYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_[TTYlsÁal;fa mnusSRKb;rUbsuT§Etman 

siT§i ebIeTaHbICaBYkeKmansßanPaBemeraKeGds_y:agNak¾eday ehIysiT§iTaMgenHminKYrRtUv)aneK 

bdiesF edaysarEtGñkenaH CaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾eday. siT§i EdlRtUvmanrYmKñaCamYynwgkar 

TTYlxusRtUv KYrRtUv)aneKTTYlsÁal;. karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgQaneTAdl;kar)at;bg;siT§i min 

faenAkñúgRKYsar kEnøg eFVIkar b¤ kñúgshKmn_enaHeT. 

lMhat;enHmanTMnak;TMngCamYylMhat; g>5> EdlEsVgyl;GMBIrebobeRbIR)as;CMnajbBa¢ak;GHGag 

EdlCa]bkrN_mYy edIm,IkarBarsiT§i. lMhat; g>4> nig g>5> epþatelIbBaðasiT§imnusS. 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;)anBIsiT§imYycMnYn EdlRtUv)aneKrMelaPbMBan RbsinebIeyIgCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

kMNt;)anBIsßanPaB EdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUv)aneKbdiesFminpþl;siT§i[ 

EsVgyl;BIsar³sMxan;énkarmankarbBa¢ak;GHGag edIm,IrkSasiT§irbs;BYkeK 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

erOg 

234

CMBUk g 

CMhan 

1> etIsiT§imnusSmanGVIxøH? ¬kargarCaKU¦ EcksikçakamCaKU ehIyeGayKUnImYy²BiPSasMNYr 

BIr³ 

etIsiT§imnusSmanGVIxøH? 

etIman]TahrN_GVIxøHénsiT§imnusS? 






siT§i³ 

siT§ieFVIkargar siT§ierobGaBah_BiBah_ siT§imankUn siT§imansuxPaBl¥ siT§icUlrYmenAkñúgkarseRmccitþ 

rbs;RKYsar siT§ibeBa©jmti siT§imanmitþP½®kþ siT§iTTYl)ancMNIGahar TICRmk nigsemøókbMBak; siT§i 

TTYl)ankarGb;rM 

2> dMeNIrkar ³ yksiT§inImYy²mkBiPakSa - {etIsiT§iTaMgGs;enHRtUv)aneKrMelaPbMBan edayrebob 

Na?} 

bnÞab;mk sYrfa³ 

etIeyIg)aneronecHGVIxøH BIlMhat;enH? 

etImanviFINaGVIxøH EdleyIgGackarBarsiT§irbs;eyIg)an? 

etImansiT§idéTeTotGVIxøH EdlRkumdéTeTotenAkñúgshKmn_Gac)at;bg; edaysarEtrgkar 

mak;gayEdrb¤eT? ¬]> Gñkcak;eRKOgejón GñkbeRmIesvakMsanþsb,ay¦ 

235

g>4 

emeraKeGds_ 

nigsiT§imnusS 

3> lMhat;sRmab;eRCIserIs¬erOg¦ ³ EckerOgxageRkam [sikçakamGan nigBiPakSa - {etIsiT§i 

GVIxøH EdlRtUv)aneKrMelaPbMBan?} 

4> segçb³ 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RbQmnwgkarrMelaPbMBansiT§imnusS edaysarEtkarmak;gay karP½yxøac nig 

karyl;RcLMepSg² EdlBak;B½n§nwgemeraKeGds_. Gakb,kiriya nig skmμPaBminyutþiFm’rbs;Gñk 

déTeTotTaMg enaHraraMgGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_min[TTYl)annUvsiT§imnusS CamUldæanrbs;BYkeK. 

karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgk¾GaceFVI[karRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_cuHexSaypgEdr. eday 

sarEtkarP½yxøackarmak;gay GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_minh‘aneTAeFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ TaMgenH 

ehIyeFVI[man karqøgraldalemeraKeGds_bEnßmeTot. 

erOgGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigsiT§imnusS - erOgTI 1³ 

laP KWCaburspÞúkemeraKeGds_ Gayu 28 qñaM. Kat; 

)anpÞúkemeraKenHry³eBl 2 qñaMehIy ehIyKat;enA 

mansuxPaBl¥. Kat;cab;epþImcUlrYmkñúgkarbNþúH 

bNþalenAkñúgRkumh‘unfμImYy ehIyRtUv)aneKpþl;»kas 

[eTAsikSaenAeRkARbeTs. enAkñúgkardak;BaküsuMeTA 

bNþúHbNþalenAeRkARbeTsrbs;Kat; laP RtUv)aneK 

esñIr[eFVIkarRtYtBinitüsuxPaB EdlrYmmanTaMgkareFVI 

etsþQamrkemeraKeGds_pgEdr. enAéfbnÞab; laP 

RtUv)aneKR)ab;fa Kat;ElgGaccUlrYmenAkñúgvKÁbNþúH 

bNþalenHeTotehIy ehIyKat;RtUv)aneKbeNþjecjBIkargar. laP tk;søt;y:agxøaMg. GVIEdlkan;Et 

GaRkk;eTAeTotenaH enAeBlEdlKat;rkkargardéTeToteFVI Kat;dwgfaRkumh‘undéTeTot RtUv)aneKR)ab;fa 

Kat;CaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIyBuMmanGñkNaCYlKat;[eFVIkareLIy. 

236

CMBUk g 


FarI KWCaekμgRsIGayu 6 qñaMmñak;. nagqøatxøaMgNas; ehIycUlcitþeTA 

salaeron. eTaHbICanagKμanpÞúkemeraKeGds_k¾eday bu:Enþmþayrbs; 

nagCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. éfmYy GñkRKUeBTüR)ab;mitþP½®kþmñak; 

rbs;Kat; EdlCaGñkbeRgonenAsalarbs;FarIfa mþayrbs;FarI 

KWCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. mYys)aþh_eRkaymk FarIRtUv)aneK 

R)ab;fa ElgmankEnøgsRmab;nag enAsalaenHeTotehIy. 


NaRKI KWCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. enAeBlEdlnageTAmnÞIreBTü edIm,IBüa)alCMgW»kas 

niym nagtRmg;CYr edIm,IcaMCYbevC¢bNÐit. GñkRKUeBTü)anRbkasR)ab;GñkEdlrg;caM 

fa GñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_KYrQrenAxageqVgéd ehIyGñkEdlmanbBaðasuxPaB 

epSgeTotQrenAxagsþaM. NaRKIeXIjGñkCitxagrbs;nag enATIenaHEdr ehIymin 

h‘anQrenAxageqVg. nagseRmccitþRtLb;eTApÞHvij nig RtLb;mkmnÞIreBTü 

mþgeTot enAéfeRkay. 

237

g>4 

emeraKeGds_ 

nigsiT§imnusS 


suPaB nig GarI mankUn 3 nak;. enAeBlEdlGarIman 

épÞeBaHkUnTI 3 nageFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_lT§pl 

bgðajfa nagmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_. minyUrb:unμan suPaB 

k¾eFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ EdllT§plk¾bgðajfa 

Kat;manpÞúkEdr. suxPaBrbs;Kat;cuHdundaby:agqab; 

rh½s ehIyminyUrbu:nμan Kat;Føak;xøÜnQWminGaceFVIkar 

)an. GarI RtUveFVIkargarkñúghagmYyedaymanR)ak;Ex 

Tab ehIymankarlM)akeFVIkarpg nigEfTaMRKYsarpg bu:Enþ 

nagKμanCeRmIsGVITaMgGs;. edIm,ICYysRmalbnÞúk GarI 

)an[GñkCitxagemIlEfTarkeTIbekItrbs;nagenAeBl 

éf. GarI )anelbfñaM eNvIr:aBIn kñúgeBlsRmal ehIy 

kUnrbs;nagminmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_eLIy bu:EnþenAeBlEdlGñkCitxagdwgfa GarI manCMgWeGds_ BYkeKmin 

RBmCYy edayniyayfa xøackUnrbs;nagnwgqøgCMgWenHEdr. minyUrbu:nμan BaküenHlWteBjshKmn_. Gñk 

CitxageKcecjBInag ehIymnusSCaeRcInnak;ElgTij\v:an;BIhag EdlnageFVIkareTot. efAEkrbs;nag 

TamTarcg;dwg faetInagmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_Edrb¤eT. enAeBlEdlnagbdiesFminRBmBiPakSa GMBIsßanPaB 

emeraKeGds_rbs;nag nagRtUv)aneKbeNþjecjBIkargar. 

238

239 

CMBUk g

g>5 

bBa¢ak;GHGag 

edIm,ITamTarkarRbtibtþiedayyutþiFm’ 


kareronCMnajbBa¢ak;GHGag GacCayuT§sa®sþmYy edIm,ICYysYrrkehtuplkarmak;gay nig karBar 

siT§i. lMhat;enHmanTMnak;TMngCamYylMhat;mun ¬g>4>¦. lMhat; g>4 nig g>4 epþatelIsiT§imnusS. 

eKalbMNg 


[niymn½y nig yl;BIkarbBa¢ak;GHGag 

hVwkhat;CMnajbBa¢ak;GHGagmYycMnYn 

ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

ÉksarGMBIsuINarIy:U 

CMhan 

1> GVIeTACakarbBa¢ak;GHGag³ EcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² nig [RkumBiPakSa³ 

etIkarbBa¢ak;GHGag mann½yy:agdUcemþc? 

etIkarbBa¢ak;GHGagCYyeyIgdUcemþcxøH? 

240

CMBUk g 






GVIeTACakarbBa¢ak;GHGag? ¬karRbmUlKMnit¦ 

eRkakQreLIg edIm,IkarBarsiT§irbs;Gñk. niyayGMBIrebobEdlGñkcg;seRmcGVImYy. TamTar»kas 

rbs;Gñk edayeFVIkarkarBarKuNtémørbs;Gñk. eFVIkarseRmccitþedayxøÜnÉg. kuMs hVwkhat;karbBa¢ak;GHGag¬karsEmþgtYCaKU¦ ³ EcksikçakamCaKU nig [édKUnImYy²Qr 

Tl;muxKña. [édKUnImYy² seRmccitþfaGñkNaCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigGñkNaCamnusSmñak;eTot. 

bnÞab;mk [édKUsEmþgtYkñúgsßanPaBEdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_minecHniyaybBa¢ak;GHGag. mþay 

R)ab;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_[jauM)aymñak;ÉgehIyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TTYlykedayKμankartv:a. 

bnÞab;mkQb; ehIysYrRkumfa³ 

etImanGVIekIteLIg enAkñúgkarsEmþgenH? 

etIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ GacniyaybBa¢ak;GHGagCagenH edayrebobNa? 

241

g>5 

bBa¢ak;GHGag 







rebobniyaybBa¢ak;GHGag 

niyayfa {eT ´minKitfa eFVIEbbenHminyutþiFm’enaHeT. Em:dwgeT emeraKenHminqøgtamkarTMnak; 

TMngFmμtaenaHeT. etIEm:manGarmμN_y:agNa RbsinebIeK[Em:jauM)ayEtmñak;Ég?} rkSaTMnak;TMng 

edayeRbIExSEPñk niyayedaysuPaBrabsar bu:EnþrkSaPaBrwgbuwg. 

[édKUdEdlenHsEmþgQutenHmþgeTot elIkenH GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mankarbBa¢ak;GHGagCagmun 

bdiesFmin RBmjauM)ayEtÉg. 

3> Qut³ EckQut¼qak ¬xageRkam¦ nig [édKUsakl,gQutnImYy² mþgmYy². munnwgGnuvtþmþg² 

[édKUÉkPaBKña faetIGñkNaCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. eRkaykarGnuvtþnImYy² GeBa¢IjédKUmYycMnYn 

eLIgbgðajkarsEmþgtY rbs;BYkeKenAcMkNþalrgVg;. 

4> BiPakSa³ eRkayCuMGnuvtþmYycMnYn sYrfa³ 

etImanGVIekIteLIg? etIGñkmanGarmμN_y:agdUcemþc? etIGñk)anniyaybBa¢ak;GHGagEdrb¤eT? 

etIeyIgGacbBa¢ak;GHGagBIsiT§irbs;eyIg enAkñúgsßanPaBRbcaMéf edayrebobNa? 

5> karCMnH³ enHKWCabec©keTsbBa¢ak;GHGag EdlGñkGaceRbIR)as; edIm,IKUsbBa¢ak;BIcMNucrbs;Gñk. 

vaBak;B½n§nwgkarelIkeLIgBIcMNucrbs;GñkeLIgvijedaysuPaBrabsar nig edayeRbIrebobniyay 

epSg. sUmemIl]TahrN_ xageRkam³ 

242

CMBUk g 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ³ ćg;eTAelgmitþP½®kþrbs;´. 

RKYsar ³ 

eT ÉgKYrsRmakenApÞH. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ³ ńwgsRmak enAeBlEdléTAdl;pÞH. ćg;eTAelgmitþP½®kþrbs;´. 

RKYsar ³ 

GñkCitxagnwgeXIjÉg. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ³ ´minxVl; GñkNaeXIj k¾eXIjeTA. ćg;eTAelgmitþrbs;´. 

RKYsar ³ 

ÉgKμaneBlsRmab;mitþP½®kþeLIy. ÉgRtUvykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHsuxPaB 

rbs;Gñk. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_³ ´rwgmaMCagmun. mitþP½®kþrbs;ńwgCYy´. ńwgeTAelgmitþrbs;´. 

6> segçb³ bec©keTsbBa¢ak;GHGag³ 

R)ab;eKGMBIGVIEdlGñkKitfa manGarmμN_ nig cg;)an[)anc,as;las; nig rwgbuwg 

niyayfa {´manGarmμN_} b¤ {´Kitfa} b¤ {ćg;} 

kuMsuMeTas edaysarGñkniyayGVIEdlGñkKit kuMbnþúHbg¥ab;xøÜnÉg 

Qr b¤ GgÁúy[Rtg;xøÜn[RsYl 

egIbk,aleLIgelI nig emIlmnusSdéT[cMEPñk 

niyay[GñkdéTeTotlW [eKsþab;Gñk[)anc,as;las; 

Rbkan;KMnitpÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk nig eRkakQreLIgedayxøÜnÉg 

kuMP½yxøacfaminh‘anmincuHsRmugCamYyGñkdéTeTot 

TTYlsÁal;fa mnusSdéTmansiT§iniyayfaeT ehIyeronrebobniyayfaeTedayxøÜnÉg 

243

g>5 

bBa¢ak;GHGag 


Qut 

1> Gñkrs;enACamYymþayrbs;Gñk. GñkFøak;xøÜnQW bu:Enþ\lUvenH GñkmanGarmμN_FUrRsalCag 

mun. enAeBlEdlKat;ecjeTAeRkApÞH GñkseRmccitþCYyeFVIkargarpÞH. eBlmþayrbs;Gñk 

RtLb;mkvij Kat;eXIjGñkkMBuge)aspÞH. Kat;niyayfa {eTA cUlbnÞb;rbs;ÉgvijeTA. 

ÉgminKYre)aspÞHEbbenHenaH eT. eTA¡}. 

2> GñkRtUv)aneKGeBa¢Ij[eTAjauM)ay enApÞHrbs;bgRbusrbs;Gñk . eBlEdlmnusSeBjv½y 

déTeTot kMBugniyayCamYyKña GñkecjeTAxageRkA edIm,Ielg)al;CamYybgCIdUnmYyrbs; 

Gñk. bgRbusrbs;Gñkecjmk ehIyniyayR)ab;Gñkfa {ÉgQWGBa©wgminGacrt;elg)aneT. 

ÉgRtUvkarkarsRmak¡ em:a cUlmkkñúgvij}. 

3> GñkeTAelgmitþP½®kþmYycMnYn. mitþP½®kþrbs;GñkdwkGñktamm:UtUmkpÞHvij. enAeBlEdlGñk 

mkdl;«Bukrbs;Gñkniyayfa {ÉgminKYreTAedIrelgeBlyb;CamYymnusSTaMgenaHeLIy. 

Buk hamÉgmin[CYbBYkenaHmþgeToteLIy¡. } 

4> GñkykmitþRsIfμIrbs;Gñk mkCYb«Bukmþayrbs;Gñk. eRkaymk enAeBlEdlmitþRsIrbs;Gñk 

eTAvij «Bukrbs;GñkniyayR)ab;Gñkfa {ÉgminKYrbnþTMnak;TMngCamYyRsI²eToteLIy. Ég 

RtUvkarkmøaMgrbs;ÉgTaMgGs; edIm,I)anFUres,Iy.} 

5> fμI²enH GñkFøak;xøÜnQW ehIyminFUres,IyesaH. GñkRKUeBTümkpÞHrbs;Gñk ehIyBiPakSaGMBI 

suxPaBrbs;GñkCamYyRbBn§rbs;Gñk. enAeBlEdlGñkcUlniyayCamYyBYkeK BYkeKQb; 

niyay. 

6> eRkayBICaBIQW GñkRtLb;eTAeFVIkarvij. RbFanrbs;Gñkniyayfa {ÉgminKYrmkTIenHeToteT. 

ehtuGVI)anCaÉgmineTArkkargarepSg EdlminsUvenIyht;EbbenH?} 

7> Gñk)andak;BaküsuMeTAcUleronkñúgvKÁbNþúHbNþalmYy Edlmanry³eBl 2 s)aþh_. RbFan 

rbs;GñkR)ab;Gñkfa {ćg;[ÉgeTA bu:Enþ´Kitfa ÉgKYrsñak;enACitpÞH xøacERkgÉgQWmþgeTot}. 

244

CMBUk g 

Qut 

8> GñkKitfa \lUvenH GñkmanGarmμN_FUrRsalCagmun ehIyeTAedIrelgCamYyRbBn§ nig b¥Ún 

Rbusrbs;GñkenAtamRsukERs. RbBn§rbs;Gñkniyayfa {bgKYrenAxagkñúg. bgminKYrRtUv 

kemþARBHGaTitüeLIy enAeBlEdlGñkQWdUecñH.} 

9> GñkecjeTAedIrelgCamYymitþP½®kþrbs;Gñk. enHCaelIkTImYyehIy EdlGñkpwkRsa cab;taMgBI 

eBlEdlGñkQWmk. «Bukrbs;GñkR)ab;Gñkfa {RbsinebIÉgcab;epþImpwkRsamþgeTot Buknwg 

minemIlEfÉg eToteLIy.} 

10> kalBIqñaMeTA GñkFøak;xøÜnQWy:agxøaMg bu:Enþcab;taMgBIGñk)anelbfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_rYcmk 

GñkmanGarmμN_l¥eLIgvij. éfenH GñkmkR)ab;bgRsIrbs;Gñkfa GñkmanépÞeBaH. bgRsI 

rbs;Gñktk;søút nigBi)akcitþy:agxøaMg ehIyniyayfa {ehtuGVI)anCaÉgminmankarTTYlxus 

RtUvEbben?}. 

11> GñkQWeBaH nig rak. GñkeTACYbevC¢bNÐitrbs;GñkenAKøInik. Gñkcg;CYbevC¢bNÐit bu:EnþGñk 

RKUeBTüR)ab;Gñkfa {elakKYreTApÞHvij ehIysRmakenATIenHeyIgminGaceFVIGVIsRmab;elak 

eToteLIy}. 

12>GñkeTIbEtRtLb;mkelgCamYyRkum)al;Tat;rbs;Gñkvij bnÞab;BIQWmYyry³mk. enAeBl 

EdlGñkTat;)al;cUlTI)any:agl¥mYyRKab; Gñksþab;lWmitþrYmRkumrbs;Gñkmñak;niyayfa {RtUv 

Rby½tñ kuM»beK. ÉgminKYreTAekokeKeLIy.} 

13> GñkeTAKøInikCaelIkTI 3 edIm,IyklT§plkarrab; CD4 rbs;Gñk. enAeBlEdlGñksYrGñk 

RKUeBTüfa lT§pl)an b¤enA Kat;R)ab;Gñkfa {´rvl;xøaMgNas;. eyIgrklT§plrbs;Gñkmin 

eXIjeLIy. caM GaTitüeRkam swmmkmþgeTot.} 

14> GñkFUres,IyBICMgW. Gñk)ancab;epþImelbfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ bu:Enþmincg;jauMGahar. enA 

eBl Edl GñksuMEtGaharbnþicbnþÜc mþayrbs;Gñkniyayfa {RbsinebIÉgminjauM ÉgnwgQW 

mþgeTot ehIyÉgnwgbenÞasEtxøÜnÉgEtbu:eNÑaH}. 

245

g>6 CMgWxVl;xVaykñúgcitþ niggay)ak;Twkcitþ 


lMhat;enHEsVgyl;GMBIrebobEdlkarmak;gayxøÜnÉg GacekItmaneLIg. CakarsMxan; EdlRtUv 

Bnül;fa karkMNt;karmak;gayxøÜnÉgminEmnmann½yfa mnusSmñak;KYrrgkarbenÞas edaysarEt 

dwgBIxøÜnÉgenaHeT. karmak;gayxøÜnÉg ekItmaneLIg enAkñúgbriyakasEdlmankarmak;gay. vaKW 

CaRbtikmμcMeBaHkarmak;gay b¤ karP½yxøacrgkarmak;gay. 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;BIeraKsBaØa nig mUlehtuénCMgWxVl;xVaykñúgcitþ nig gay)ak;Twkcitþ EdlekIteLIgeday 

sarEtmak;gay 

EsVgyl;GMBIrebobeqøIytbedayxøÜnÉg cMeBaHGñkEdlmak;gayBYkeK 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

rUbPaB k>10> - GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GgÁúyEtÉgelIrfynþRkug 

CMhan 

1> CMgWxVl;xVaykñúgcitþ ¬erOg-karBiPakSa¦ ³ [sikçakamGanerOgxageRkam³ 

246

CMBUk g 

kalBI 3 s)aþh_mun sUriya )aneFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ nig manlT§plviC¢man. 

dMbUgeLIy Kat;hak;bIdUcCaminmanbBaðaGVIeLIy ehIymanGarmμN_sb;esóm bu:EnþenAkñúg 

ry³eBlbu:nμanéfcugeRkayenH Kat;manGarmμN_famnusSRKb;KñakMBugsMLwgmkrkKat; ehIy 

niyayBIKat;. 

Kat;CiHrfynþRkugeTAeFVIkar ehIy)ansþab;lW®sþI 2 nak;niyayKñaGMBIGñkEdlQW nigman 

rUbragsÁmsÁaMg. Kat;emIlmkxøÜnÉg ehIydwgy:agBitR)akdfa Kat;RskTmn; ehIycab;epþIm 

sÁm. Kat;ql;fa etIBYkeKkMBugniyayBIKat;EmneT. 

enAkEnøgeFVIkar Kat;kt;smÁal;eXIjpÞaMgrUbPaBfμImYy EdlniyayBIeRKaHfñak;énCMgWeGds_. 

sUriyamin)anR)ab; GñkeFVIkarCamYyKñafaKat;manemeraKeGds_eLIy bu:EnþKat;Kitfa GacmanGñk 

Namñak;Taydwg ehIydak;taMgpÞaMgrUbPaBenHCaviFImYy edIm,IR)ab;mnusSdéTeTotGMBIKat;. 

enAeBlEdlRbFanrbs;Kat;sYrKat; faetIGñkmanGarmμN_y:agNaEdr? Kat;Kitfa RbFan 

rbs;Kat;dwgBIsßanPaBrbs;Kat;. Kat;ql;fa etIKat;emIleTAdUcCaQWEmneT. Kat;cab;epþIm 

EbkejIs ehIymanGarmμN_fa cab;epþImQWk,al. RbFanrbs;Kat;R)ab;Kat;fa Kat;nwgeTAeFVI 

karkñúgkmμviFIfμImYy cab;BIs)aþh_eRkayeTA ehIyebIeTaHbICaenHKWCa»kasmYy EdlKat;rMBwgcg; 

)any:agNak¾eday \lUvenH Kat;KitfaRbFanrbs;Kat;kMBugBüayam[Kat;ecjBIEpñkenH. 

bBaðacugeRkay KWenAeBlEdl®sþImñak;ykEtmk[Kat; kñúgEBgfμIRsLag. \lUvenH Kat; 

dwgc,as;fa RKb;KñakMBugniyayfa Kat;KWCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

247

g>6 

CMgWxVl;xVaykñúgcitþ 

niggay)ak;Twkcitþ 

2> BiPakSa³ 

etImanGVIekIteLIg enAkñúgerOgenH? 

etIGñkFøab;manbTBiesaFn_RsedogKñaenHeT? 

etIeyIgGaceFVIGVIxøH edIm,Ikat;bnßyGarmμN_EdlEtgKitfaRtUv)aneKmak;gay b¤ vinicä½yEbbenH? 






eraKsBaØaénCMgWxVl;xVaykñúgcitþ niggay)ak;Twkcitþ ³ 

GñkKitfamnusSRKb;Kña EdlGñkCYbtampøÚv suT§EtdwgBIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk 

GñkbkRsayrebobEdleKemIlmkGñk b¤ GVIEdlBYkeKniyayR)ab;GñktamrebobminRtwmRtUv 

]TahrN_ - RbsinebIeKsYr {etIGñkmanGarmμN_y:agdUcemþc?} GñkbkRsayfa eKniyayfa Gñk 

kMBugQW ehIynwgsøab;. 

3> segçb³ yuT§sa®sþ edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgGarmμN_xVl;xVaykñúgcitþ ³ 

eronTTYlsÁal;fa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_nwgRbQmCamYykarmak;gayenAkñúgsgÁm bu:EnþRbsinebIGñk 

eRtomxøÜnCamun GñknwgmineFVI[vamkbMpøajGñkeLIy. 

kuMsnμt;fa GñkEtgEtTTYlrgkarmak;gay enAkñúgRKb;sßanPaBTaMgGs;. 

BiPakSaBIbTBiesaFn_EdlFøab;rgkarmak;gay CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_déTeTot - nigBüayam 

EbgEck[dac;rvag\riyabfmak;gay nig\riyabfEdlRKan;EtCaRbtikmμtbFmμtarbs;mnusS. 

elIkTwkcitþsmaCikRKYsar[Qb; {smøab;Gñk CamYykareFVIcitþl¥} - CYyBYkeK[emIleXIjfa kar 

GaNithYsehtueBkk¾eFVI[mankarQWcab;pgEdr. 

248

CMBUk g 

RKb;RKgGarmμN_ nigkarrMCYlGarmμN_rbs;Gñk edIm,IkuM[vakøayCabnÞúkrbs;Gñk. 

eRbIR)as;karkMbøúkkMEbøgCaviFITb;Tl;nwgkarmak;gay CaBiessenAkñúgcMeNamGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

dUcKña. 

249

g>7 karTb;Tl;nwgkarFøak;Twkcitþ 


karFøak;TwkcitþGacCakareqøIytbcMeBaHkarmak;gay b¤ karmak;gayxøÜneyIg. GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

CaeRcInnak;Føak;Twkcitþ edaysarEtkarmak;gay. ebIGacGeBa¢IjGñkpþl;RbwkSaEdlFøab;TTYl)an 

karbNþúHbNþal [CYysRmbsRmYlvKÁenH. vKÁenHKYreFVIeLIgrYmKña CamYynwglMhat;bnÞab; ¬g>8>¦ 

EdleRbIR)as; lMhat; edIm,Iksagkarpþl;témø[xøÜnÉg. 

eKalbMNg 


dwgBIkarrMCYlGarmμN_ EdlCaRbtikmμtbeTAnwgkarmak;gay dUcCa karFøak;Twkcitþ nigkar 

GaNitxøÜnÉgCaedIm 

cab;epþImBinitüelIyuT§sa®sþTb;Tl;mYycMnYn 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

rUbPaB q>1> q>2> nig q>4> - GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GgÁúyEtÉg 

250

CMBUk g 

CMhan 

1> GVIeTACakarFøak;Twkcitþ?³ bgðajrUbPaB nig[sikçakamBiPakSaCaKU³ 

etIGñkemIleXIjGVIxøH enAkñúgrUbPaBenH? 

etIkarFøak;TwkcitþmaneraKsBaØaGVIxøH? 

ehtuGVI)anCamnusSFøak;Twkcitþ? 






eraKsBaØaénkarFøak;Twkcitþ ³ 

RBYy)armÖGMBIxøÜnÉg sb;sat;hYs minRBmjauM minRBm 

s rebobTb;Tl;nwgkarFøak;Twkcitþ ³ EcksikçakamCaKU nig[édKUnImYy²BiPakSa³ 

etIeyIgGaceFVIGVIxøH RbsinebIeyIgcab;epþImmanGarmμN_Føak;Twkcitþ? 

etIeyIgGaceFVIGVIxøH edIm,IKaMRTmitþP½®kþ EdlFøak;Twkcitþ? 

251

g>7 

karTb;Tl;nwgkarFøak;Twkcitþ 






yuT§sa®sþTb;Tl;nwgkarFøak;Twkcitþ 

niyayR)ab;mitþmñak;GMBIGVIEdlkMBugekItmaneLIgelIrUbGñk. CYbCamYyGñkpþl;RbwkSa. eFVIGVImYyCamYy 

ragkay dUcCa hat;R)aN CaedIm. sresrGarmμN_rbs;Gñkdak;elIRkdas. elgCamYyekμg - 

BYkeKGacbegáInsμartIrbs;Gñk. cUlrYmenAkñúgRkumKaMRT. 

3> KaMRTGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_EdlFøak;Twkcitþ ¬karsEmþgtY¦ ³ [sikçakamsEmþgtY edayeRbI 

suINarIy:UxageRkam³ 

dar:U nig ParI KWCamitþl¥nwgKña ry³eBlyUrNas;mkehIy. dar:U pÞúkemeraKeGds_mYyry³ 

ehIyFøak;Twkcitþy:agxøaMg. Kat;ElgeTAelgmitþP½®kþ dUcmuneTotehIy. Kat;ElgeTARkum 

RTRTg;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ EdlKat; nig ParIFøab;cUlrYmenaHeTotehIy. Kat;bdiesFmin 

RBmTTYl faKat;minsb,aycitþ bu:EnþKat;manGarmμN_ minl¥yUrehIyEdr. ParImankarRBYy 

)armÖ. Kat;RBYy)armÖGMBIxøÜnÉg nig minniyaysþIrkmnusSdéTeToteLIy. ParImindwgfa 

RtUveFVIGVI b¤ eTACYbKat;edayrebobNaeLIy. 

4> BiPakSa³ 

etIGñkTaMg 2 manGarmμN_y:agdUcemþc eBlsEmþgtYTaMgenH? 

etIParIeRbIR)as;CMnaj b¤ bec©keTsGVIxøH Edlhak;bIdUcCamanRbsiT§PaB? 

etIviFIGVIxøH EdlKμanRbsiT§PaB? 

252

CMBUk g 

GVIEdlmanRbsiT§PaB 

TTYlsÁal;bBaða bu:Enþpþl;nUvkþIsgÇwm ]> {´dwgfa vaBitCa 

karlM)ak bu:Enþ´k¾dwgpgEdrfa GñknwgGacCMnHva)an} . 

rMlwkmnusSmñak;enaHGMBIeBlevlaEdlsb,ay³ 

{eyIgCamitþP½®kþnwgKñayUrmkehIy ehIyÉgminEdl 

EbbenHeLIyknøgmk} . eFVIEbbenHpþl;»kas[Gñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_qøúHbBa©aMgBI\riyabfrbs;eK nig 

GacemIleXIjfa eKGackøayCamnusSEdlrIkrayCag 

enH. karFøak;TwkcitþnwgminGUsbnøayrhUtenaHeT. 

niyayedayesμaHRtg;³ {etImanGVIxus sUmR)ab;´} . 

pøas;bþÚrbriyakas ]> naMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ecj 

eTApwk b¤ eTAelgmitþP½®kþ. 

snüarrkSakarsmat;. kuMsnμt; edaysarEtGñkCamitþP½®kþ. 

sþab;eRcInCagniyay nigbgðajfa GñkkMBugsþab;. 

sYrfa etIGñkGacCYyedayrebobNa. 

CMnHkarb:unb:gcg;RKb;RKgsßanPaB. Tuk[GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_CaGñkRKb;RKgsßanPaB. 

suMkarKaMRTsRmab;xøÜnGñk³ karenAEk,rGñkEdlFøak; 

Twkcitþk¾Gacb:HBal;dl;GñkpgEdr. 

RbsinebIGñkmankarRBYy)armÖGMBImnusSmña;kenH b¤ xøacERk 

gkarFøak;Twkcitþrbs;BYkeKGUsbnøay ry³eBlEvg GñkRtUv 

EsVgrkkarRbwkSaeyabl;BIGñkCMnaj. 

GVIEdlRtUvecosvag 

kuMniyayfa {EmnehIy 

eyIgTaMgGs;KñakMBugqøgkat;kar 

lM)ak} ehIybnÞab;mkerobrab; 

BIkarQWcab;pÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk. 

kuMefáaleTas b¤ dak;eQμaH 

[mnusSmñak;enaH. 

kuMR)ab;eKkuM[yM. 

kuMRBegIykenþIycMeBaHGVIEdl 

mnusSmñak;enaHkMBugniyay. 

kuMniyaycUldl;lkçN³ 

GviC¢man rbs;GñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_. 

kuMlHbg;mitþP½®kþrbs;Gñk - 

eKRtUvkardwgfa GñknwgenA 

Ek,reK ebIeTaHbICa 

manGVIekIteLIgk¾eday. 

kuMniyayedImGMBImnusS 

mñak;enaH. 

5> segçb ³ yuT§sa®sþ edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgGarmμN_xVl;xVaykñúgcitþ ³ 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_CaeRcInsuT§Etqøgkat;karFøak;Twkcitþ. 

CakarsMxan; EdlRKYsarRtUvenAEk,rGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_enAkñúgry³eBlTaMgenH nigBüayampþl;kar 

KaMRT nigdMbUnμan. 

CakarsMxan; EdlsmaCikRKYsarRtUvTTYl)ankarKaMRTsRmab;xøÜnÉg edIm,ICYyTb;Tl;nwgkarFøak;Twkcitþ. 

RbsinebIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Føak;Twkcitþry³eBlyUr b¤ smaCikRKYsarmankarRBYy)armÖ EsVgrk 

CMnYyBIGñkpþl;RbwkSa b¤ GñkÉkeTs EdlTTYl)ankarbNþúHbNþalGMBICMgWpøÚvcitþ. 

253

g>8 karTb;Tl;nwgkarFøak;Twkcitþ 


enHKWCakRmglMhat;GMBIkarpþl;témø[xøÜnÉg. eRCIserIslMhat;mYy b¤ BIr b¤ eFVIlMhat;TaMgGs; 

enAkñúgry³eBlmYy. 

eKalbMNg 


ksagtémøxøÜnÉgrbs;BYkeK edIm,I[BYkeKGacTb;Tl;CamYynwgkarmak;gay 

kan;EtdwgGMBIyuT§sa®sþTb;Tl; nig cMNucxøaMgpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

GaRs½yeTAtamcMnYnlMhat; 

smÖar³ 

lMhat; k³ ÉksarbBa¢IBakü ¬b¤ begáItbBa¢IBaküpÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk¦ 

lMhat;sRmab;eRCIserIs 

k> etIĆamnusSEbbNa?¬bBa¢IBakü¦ EckbBa¢IBakü nig[sikçakammñak;²KUsrgVg;CuMvijBakü 

Edlerobrab;BIBYkeK)anl¥bMput. 

254

CMBUk g 

]TahrN_énbBa¢IBakü 

Tab x sarcMeBaHGñk ¬sresrsar¦ ³ lMhat;enHmanRbsiT§PaBbMput enAkñúgRkumEdlmansmaCik )an 

sÁal;KñamYyry³ehIy. 

[RkdasmYysnøwk eTAsikçakammñak;². [BYkeKsresreQμaHenAxagelI. \lUvenH biTRkdasBYkeK 

enAelIxñgrbs;BYkeK. 

[sikçakamsresrGVI EdlBYkeKekatsresIrGMBImnusSmñak;² enAelIRkdasrbs;BYkeK. TukeBl[ 

)anRKb;RKan;dl;sikçakamRKb;Kña[sresrelIRkdasKñaeTAvijeTAmk. 

bnÞab;mk sikçakamGansarrbs;BYkeK[lW² b¤ GanedayxøÜnÉg. 

K> ksagkar[témøxøÜnÉg ¬karqøúHbBa©aMgCalkçN³buKÁl¦ ³ [sikçakamGgÁúyedayELkBI 

Kña nigsYrsMNYrxag eRkamenH³ 

etImanGVIxøH EdleFVI[GñkmanemaTnPaBcMeBaHxøÜnÉg nig cMeBaHGVIEdlGñkseRmc)an? sUm 

begáItbBa¢ImYy. 

etImnusSdéTeTotemIlmkGñkedayrebobNa? etIGñkcg;[mnusSdéTeTotemIlmkGñkeday 

rebobNa? 

etIBYkeKrMBwgcg;[GñkeFVIGVI? 

etIkarrMBwgTukTaMgenH nig rebobEdlBYkeKemIlmkGñk b:HBal;dl;GarmμN_rbs;GñkmkelIxøÜn 

GñkedayrebobNa? 

255

g>8 

karTb;Tl;nwgkarFøak;Twkcitþ 

256 

bnÞab;mk[sikçakamcab;édKU ehIy EckrMElknUvGVIEdlBYkeK)ansresr. 

X> eFVIkayvikarbgðajBIkar[témøxøÜnÉg ¬eFVIclnaCargVg;¦ ³ [sikçakamKitBIcMNuc 3 

y:ag EdlBYkeKcUlcitþBIxøÜneK dUcCa Twkmux crwklkçN³ karKit TMnak;TMng .l. 

[sikçakammñak;²niyaytKñakñúgrgVg;fa {cMNucmYy EdlćUlcitþBIxøÜn´KW } bnÞab;mk eFVIkayvikar 

edIm,IbgðajBIGVIEdleKcUlcitþ ¬]> RbsinebIGñkcUlcitþsk;rbs;Gñk GñkGacykRmamédc,Úksk; b¤ 

RbsinebIGñkcUlcitþRmaméd GñkGacykédTHePøAtic²¦. 

bnÞab;BIsikçakammñak;²eFVIkayvikarrYcehIy [RkumTayfaetIsikçakammñak;enHcUlcitþGVI GMBIxøÜnÉg. 

eFVIy:agNa[ RkumTayfaetIeKcUlcitþGVI. bnþeFVIEbbenH rhUtdl;RKb;KñaeFVI)an 3 dg. 



niyay. 

eBlxøHRKYsar nig mitþP½®kþrbs;eyIgePøcsresIreyIg. BYkeKmanEtriHKn;eyIgEtbu:eNÑaH. ehIy 

RbsinebIBYkeKriHKn;eyIg enHeFVI[GtþsBaØaN nig kar[témøxøÜnrbs;eyIgmankarfycuH ehIyva 

b:HBal;dl;smtßPaBrbs;eyIgkñúgkareFVIskmμPaB edIm,IEklMG. 

eyIgGacpøas;bþÚrGarmμN_ EdleyIgmanGMBIxøÜnÉg ehIybegáItTMnukcitþ nigtémøxøÜnÉg tamviFIdUcteTA³ 

elIkTwkcitþmnusSdéT[sresIreyIg edaypþl;karsresIrdl;BYkeK. R)ab;GñkdéTGMBIGVI EdlBYkeK 

eFVI)anl¥ GVIEdleyIgcUlcitþGMBIBYkeK nigcMNucxøaMgrbs;BYkeK. 

pþl;[xøÜneyIgnUvsarviC¢man. eBlxøH eyIgniyayBIcMNucl¥GMBIxøÜneyIg nigeBlxøHeyIgniyayBI 

cMNucminl¥. eBlxøH mn³sikarrbs;eyIgR)ab;eyIgfa eyIg)aneFVIGVImYyxus. eBlxøH eyIgdak;sm>>> xøaMgNas;}

CMBUk g 

lMhat;mYycMnYnRtUv)andkRsg;ecjBI³ Gordon, Gill (1999) Choices: A Guide for Young People. 

Macmillan Education, London, 1999, page 29. 

257

g>9 Tb;Tl;nwge®sþs 

eKalbMNg 


dwgBIktþamYycMnYn Edlbgá[mane®sþs dUcCa karmak;gay CaedIm 

GPivDÆn_CMnaj nigbegáItyuT§sa®sþ edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðae®sþs 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

erOg ¬sUmemIlxageRkam¦ 

bþIrbs;sum:aéL eTATIRkugqayBIpÞH. nagmanCMgWrakCaeRcIndg kñúgeBlfμI²enH. nagKitfa nagRbEhl 

CamanCMgWeGds_ehIyemIleTA. enHCardUvbgábegáInpl ehIysum:aéLRtUveFVIERsEtÉg edaysarEt 

kUnTaMgGs;rbs;nagenAtUc ehIyRtUveTAeron. esμAduHy:agelOn ehIynagminGacsm¥atesμATaMgenaH 

Tan;eLIy. RsUvEdlsl;kalBIqñaMeTA esÞIrEtCitGs;eTot témømðÚbekIneLIg ehIyCaerOy² kUn² 

mankareRskXøan. CaFmμta sum:aéLBiPakSabBaðaTaMg enHCamYyGñkCitxagrbs;nag bu:EnþfμI²enH 

BYkeKmin)anniyayrknageLIy. ePøógFøak;bgá[manCMgWrak ehIyb¥ÚnRsIeBArbs;nagmanCMgWrak. 

sum:aéL RBYy)armÖfa b¥ÚnRsIenHk¾manCMgWenHEdr. nagmin)anbg;éføsala ehIynayksalaEtg 

EtERskdak;nag enAeBlEdlKat;eXIjnagenAkñúgPUmi. mitþP½®kþrbs;nag)anR)ab;nagfa Kat;KWCaGñk 

eFVI[sayPayBaküccamGar:am GMBICMgWrbs;nag. sum:aéLmanbBaða eKgminsUvlk;. nagPJak;ral; 

yb; ehIyGgÁúyrab;em:agKitBIbBaðarbs;nag. ebHdUgrbs;nagelatjab; xøÜnrbs;nagj½r ehIy 

eBlxøH nagyl;sbþiGaRkk;. nagERskKMh‘kdak;kUn ehIyTHBYkeKEfmeTotpg. BYkeKmankarrn§t;. 

ehtuGVI)anCamþayrbs;BYkeKeFVIEbbenH? 

258

CMBUk g 

CMhan 

1> GVIeTACae®sþs?¬karBiPakSaBIerOg¦³ [sikçakammñak;GanerOgenH. bnÞab;mkBiPakSa³ 

etImanGVIekIteLIgcMeBaHsum:aéL? ehtuGVI)anCanageFVIEbbenH? 

2> rebobTb;Tl;CamYye®sþs¬karBiPakSaRkum¦ ³ EcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² Eckb½NÑTeTeTA 

[RkumnImYy². 

BiPakSa etIGVIxøHEdlGaceFVI[Gñke®sþs. sresrcMNucnImYy² enAelIb½NÑ. bnÞab;mk dak;b½NÑ 

KrelIKñaenA kEnøgBIrepSgKña ¬1¦ GVIEdlGñkGacpøas;bþÚr nig ¬2¦ GVIEdlGñkminGacpøas;bþÚr . 

eRCIserIsmUlehtuEdleFVI[Gñke®sþs 2-3 EdlsMxan;CageK nig BiPakSa faetIGñkGaceFVI 

GVIxøH edIm,Ikat;bnßye®sþsTaMgenH. 

KitelIsmasFaturbs;e®sþs EdlGñkminGacpøas;bþÚr)an. {etIGñkGaceFVIGVIxøH edIm,Ikat;bnßy 

e®sþs EdlbgáeLIgedaysarEtktþaTaMgenH?} . 

259

g>9 

Tb;Tl;nwge®sþs 






rebobkat;bnßye®sþs³ 

kuMErkBn;bBaðaTaMgGs;rbs;Gñk. BüayamemIl faetIGñkdéTeTotenAkñúgpÞH b¤ eRkApÞHrbs;Gñk 

GacCYyGñkedayrebobNa. RbEhlCa smaCikdéTeTotenAkñúgRKYsarGacCYyGñk)an. 

niyayBIbBaðarbs;Gñk CamYynwgGñkEdlGñkeCOTukcitþ. 

yM[FUrcitþ - vaGackat;bnßye®sþs nig karesakesA. 

RbsinebImitþP½®kþ nig GñkCitxagrbs;GñkmanbBaðaRsedogKñaenHEdr CYbCamYyBYkeK nig niyay 

R)ab;KñanUvkarRBYy)armÖ nig GarmμN_rbs;KñaeTAvijeTAmk. EsVgrkdMeNaHRsay EdlGñkGac 

eFVITaMgGs;Kña)an. 

dak;bBaðarbs;Gñk eTAtamlMdab;lMedayénsar³sMxan; b¤ PaBFn;Fr nig begáIteKaledA edIm,I 

edaHRsaybBaða EdlsMxan;CageKmYy b¤ BIr. 

BüayameFVIlMhat;R)aNbn§ÚrbnßyGarmμN_ edIm,Ikat;bnßye®sþs. ]TahrN_³ biTEPñkrbs;Gñk 

nig dkdegðImyWt² epþatGarmμN_elIdegðImcUl nig ecjBIxøÜnrbs;Gñk. \lUvenH cab;epþImBIeCIg 

xageqVgrbs;Gñk ehIyeFVI[sac;duMTaMgGs;enAelIeCIgxageqVgsRmak. rujsac;duMkMPYneCIgrbs; 

GñkeLIgelI nigeFVIrhUtdl;xøÜnR)aNrbs;GñkTaMgmUl)ansRmak. 

cak;t®nþINa EdleFVI[GñkGacbn§ÚrbnßyGarmμN_)an. 

eFVIGVImYy EdleFVI[Gñksb,ay - dUcCa eRcog b¤ Gan - y:agehacNas;mþg kñúgmYyéf. 

RbPB³ dkRsg;ecjBI Gordon, Gill. Choices: A Guide for Young People. Macmillan 

Education, London, 1999, pages 33-35 . 

260

CMBUk g 



niyay. 

261

g>10 {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} minmanRbsiT§PaBenaHeLIy 


enAeBlEdleyIgR)ab;smaCikRKYsar nig mitþP½®kþrbs;eyIgfa eyIgpÞúkemeraKeGds_ CaerOy² BYkeK 

pþl;dMbUnμanGMBIGVI EdleyIgminKYreFVI dUcCa kuMpwk kuMrYmePT kuMmankUn kuMedIrelgyb;eBk .l. enHKWCa 

TRmg;énkarmak;gay EdleKminsUvcab;GarmμN_ - eKmanGarmμN_fa BYkeKmansiT§iR)ab;eyIgGMBI 

rebobEdleyIgrs;enA edayRKan;EtedaysarEteyIgCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. dUcEdlcMNgeCIg 

rbs;emeronenH)anelIkeLIg eyIgTaMgGs;KñaemIleXIjfa {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} minmanRbsiT§PaB 

enaHeLIy³ 

eKalbMNg 


viPaKelI {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} EdlsmaCikRKYsar mitþP½®kþ evC¢bNÐit .l. R)ab;eyIg 

begáItyuT§sa®sþ edIm,ITb;Tl;nwg {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} TaMgenH nig ERbkøayva[eTACa»kasedIm,I 

Gb;rMmnusSGMBIrebobrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_ 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

GaRs½yeTAtamlMhat;Edlmanry³eBl 1 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> erobrab;BIGVIEdlminRtUveFVI¬karRbmUlKMnit¦³ [sikçakambegáItbBa¢I {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} enA 

kñúgCIvitrbs;BYkeK - GVIEdlGñkdéTR)ab;BYkeKfa BYkeKminKYreFVI. bnÞab;BIBYkeKbegáItbBa¢IrYcehIy 

BinitüeLIgvijelI {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} nImYy² ehIyBiPakSaGMBIGVIEdlGñkKiteXIj. 

262

CMBUk g 






GVIEdlminRtUveFVI 

erobkar rYmePT mankUn eFVIkarFn; b¤ eFVIkargarFmμta edIrelgCamYymitþP½®kþ pwkRsaebor b¤ Ck;)arI 

manCIvit¡ 

2> dMeNaHRsay ¬BiPakSaCaKU¦ ³ EcksikçakamCaKU. [édKUnImYy²BiPakSa - etIeyIgGaceFVIGVIxøH 

edIm,ITb;Tl;nwg {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} TaMgenH? 

3> karsEmþgtYCaKU ³ hVwkhat;rebobEdlGñkcg;eqøIytb cMeBaHmnusS EdlR)ab;GñkGMBIGVIEdlmin 

RtUveFVI. 






eyIgmansiT§ieFVIkarseRmccitþ edayxøÜnÉg 

mnusSPaKeRcInRbqaMgnwg {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} RbqaMgnwgkarR)ab;[eFVIGVImYy 

CYnkal BYkeKBüayameFVIcitþl¥ bu:Enþ BYkeKminyl; 

CaCagR)ab;eyIgBIrebobrs;enA CamYy {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} GñkEdlcg;CYyeyIg KYrpþl;B½t’man 

nig Tuk[eyIgeFVIkarseRmccitþ[)anl¥ 

263

g>10 

{GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} 

minmanRbsiT§PaBenaHeLIy 



niyay. 

sgÁmcaM)ac;RtUvdwgfa eyIgKWCamnusSeBjv½y ehIyGacmanmuxgareBjelj nig eFVIkarseRmccitþ 

GMBIrebobEdleyIgcg;rs;enAkñúgCIvitrbs;eyIg. 

karpþl;lkçxNÐmk[eyIg minEmnCakarCYyenaHeT. karR)ab;eyIgGMBIGVIEdlRtUveFVI nwgmineFVI[ 

mankarpøas;bþÚreLIy. 

eyIgsVaKmn_dMbUnμan bu:EnþsUmTuk[eyIgmanCIvit edayxøÜnÉg¡ 

GñkEdlcg;CYyKYrpþl;B½t’manGMBIhanIP½yén\riyafepSg² nig Tuk[eyIgseRmccitþGMBIGVIEdlRtUv 

eFVI. eyIgcg;manCIviteBjelj EdleyIgCaGñkRKb;RKgCIvitrbs;eyIg. 

264

265 

CMBUk g

g>11 {minmankUn} 


lMhat;enHEsVgyl;GMBI {GVIEdlminRtUveFVI} mYyEbbEdlmanGanuPaBCageK - KW kuMmankUn. 

eKalbMNg 


BiPakSaBIkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ Edlcg;mankUn 

EsVgyl;BIkarmak;gaynana EdlmanlkçN³pÞúyKña EdlRbQmeday®sþIpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mankUn ¬RbmUlKMnit¦ ³ [sikçakamRbmUlKMnitGMBIGVI EdleKniyayGMBI 

®sþI nig burspÞúkemeraKeGds_ edIm,IhamBYkeKmin[mankUn³ 

266

CMBUk g 






GVIEdleKniyay³ 

RbsinebI®sþImñak;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ nagminGacciBa©wmkUn)aneLIy. 

RbsinebInagpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nagnwgrlUtkUn b¤ TarknwgekItsøab;. 

RbsinebI®sþImñak;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIymanépÞeBaH EpñkFMmYyénRbB½n§PaBsauMnwgxUcxat ehIy 

nagnwgsøab;kñúgeBlqab;²minxan. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ EdlmankUn KWCaGñkEdlKitEtBIxøÜnÉg. vaminyutþiFm’cMeBaHkUneLIy. 

kUnnwgkøayCakumarkMRBa enAeBlEdl«Bukmþayrbs;BYkeKsøab;ecaleTA. 

BiPakSaCaKU³ 

etIGVIEdleKniyayTaMgGs;enH eFVI[GñkmanGarmμN_y:agdUcemþc? 

etIeyIgGaceFVIGVIxøH edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgGakb,kiriyaTaMgenH? 

2> mankUn nig minmankUn ¬karEckb½NÑsRmab;sresr¦³ CaerOy² ®sþIpÞúkemeraKeGds_RbQm 

nwgkarmak;gaycMnYn 2³ karmak;gay EdlRtUveKvinicä½y enAeBlseRmccitþmankUn nigkarmak;gay 

cMeBaHkarN_EdlnagKμankUn. karmak;gayTaMg 2 enHKWCakarmak;gayy:agFn;Fr enAkñúgvb,Fm’ 

CaeRcIn. CeRmIsTaMgenHmingayRsYlenaHeT. 

karEckb½NÑsRmab;sresr ³ Eckb½NÑ nig[sikçakambegáItbBa¢ImUlehtuKaMRT nigRbqaMgkar 

mankUn RbsinebIGñkKWCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

267

g>11 

{minmankUn} 


GVIEdlmanRbsiT§PaB 

rIkrayEdlmankUn 

kUnGacminpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

RbsinebImanfñaMeNvIr:aBIn hanIP½yRtUv)ankat;bnßy 

emaTnPaB EdlmankUn 

bnþvgSRtkUl 

eFVI[GaBah_BiBah_rbs;Gñkmann½y 

RbsinebIGñkFmμta 

bMeBjeTAtamkarrMBwgTukEpñkvb,Fm’ 

kuM[GñkdéTniyayfa GñkCamnusSGa 

GVIEdlRtUvecosvag 

kUnGacpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nig qab;søab; 

karQWcab; enAeBleXIjkUnsøab; 

mankMhus EdlcmøgemeraKeGds_eTA[kUn 

bMpøajFnFanrbs;RKYsar 

Føak;xøÜnQW nig minGacEfTaMkUn 

eFVIkarseRmccitþGMBIGVIEdlRtUveFVI GMBIkarbMe)AkUnedayTwkedaH 

]TahrN_énkarmak;gaycMeBaHkarKμankUn 

sgÁmmincat;TukfaĆa®sþI. BuMmanGñkNaemIlEf´ enAeBlEdl´QW b¤ enAeBlEdlćas;. eKsYr´ 

ehtuGVI)an Ca´minmankUn b¤ BYkeKR)ab;´fa ĆamnusS\tRbeyaCn_ edaysarEt´KμankUn. RbsinebI 

GñkminmankUn édKUrbs;GñknwgcakecjBIGñk. sm

CMBUk g 



niyay. 

®sþImansiT§iseRmccitþfaRtUvmankUnb¤Gt; minfaBYkeKpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤ Gt;enaHeT. enHKWCakar 

seRmccitþrbs;BYkeK. 

siT§imanRKYsar RtUv)ankarBaredayc,ab;GnþrCati. karseRmccitþmankUn b¤ minmankUnGaRs½yeTA 

tam«Buk mþay bu:EnþsMxan;CageKKWmþay edaysarEtKat;KWCaGñkBeBaH nig sRmalkUn. 

evC¢bNÐitKμansiT§ieFVI[®sþIpÞúkemeraKeGds_minGacmankUnenaHeT luHRtaEtnagseRmccitþEbbenH. 

karmankUnKWCakarseRmccitþd¾EsnlM)aksRmab;®sþIpÞúkemeraKeGds_. edaysarEtkarmankUnman 

P¢ab;CamYynUvKuNtémøsgÁm CaerOy² ®sþITTYlrgsm

CMBUkc³ 

karBüa)al nig karmak;gay 

esckþIepþIm 

edaysarEtfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ (ARVs) Gacrk)any:agTUlMTUlay manesckþIsgÇwmCaeRcInfa 

karBüa)alnwgkat; bnßykarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ eBalKW GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_nwgGacrs;enA 

)anyUrCagmun nig mansuxPaB l¥Cagmun. vIrusenHnwgminsUvmanTMnak;TMngCamYykarsøab; ehIykarBüa)al 

nwgFanafaeraKsBaØaénCMgWeGds_minsUvmanelcecj. 

y:agNakþI eKTTYlsÁal;fa karmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ GacCa]bsKÁmYycMeBaHkarTTYl 

)ankarBüa)al ehIy karP½yxøacCuMvijkarbgðajsßanPaB karb:HBal; nig karvinicä½y KWsuT§EtCaktþa Edl 

CRmuj[mankarmak;gayenH. mnusSCaeRcInnak;)aneFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_ EtenAeBlEdlBYkeKQWFn; 

Etbu:eNÑaH. mnusSdéTeTotxøacminh‘an bgðajBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;xøÜndl;édKUeLIy edayxøac 

plvi)akEdlGacekItmaneLIg. GñkCMnajCaeRcIn CaBiessGñkCMnajEpñksuxPaB P½yxøackarmak;gay nig 

karvinicä½yBIGñkrYmkargarCamYy nig xøac)at;bg;muxmat;enAkñúgsgÁm. enAkñúgkal³eTs³TaMgenH RbsinebI 

mnusSGacTTYl)ankarBüa)al CaerOy² eKrkSakarsmat;GMBIkarBüa)alenH. karBüa)alKWCameFüa)ay 

bgðajBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_. karBüa)al EdlbgðajBIGtþsBaØaNCasaFarN³ KW RtUv)anlak;)aMg nig 

minGacTTYlyk)anBIsgÁm. 

karelbfñaMeTogTat; KWCaEpñkmYyd¾sMxan; énkarBüa)aledayfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_. karelbfñaMmin 

)aneTogTat; eFVI[manRbtikmμfñaM nig minsUvmanRbsiT§PaBkñúgkarRKb;RKgvIrus. karmak;gay RtUv)aneKcat; 

TukfaCa]bsKÁénkarelbfñaMeTogTat;. karsikSanana)anbgðajfa enAtamtMbn;EdlmanPaBebIkcMh nig 

karTTYlyk EdlpÞúyBIkarmak;gay karTTYl)ankarBüa)al nig karelbfñaMCaeTogTat; KWgayRsYlkñúg 

karTTYl)anlT§plseRmc. 

270

karcUlrYmrbs;shKmn_ nig karyl;dwgGMBIkarBüa)al eFVI[RbCaBlrdæebIkcMheRcIn kñúgkarBiPakSa 

GMBIemeraKeGds_ eFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_ nig EsVgrkkarBüa)al. BYkeKTTYl)ankarKaMRTBIRKYsarpg nig 

BIshKmn_pg CRmuj[ BYkeKGacbnþkarBüa)alRbkbedayeCaKC½y. 

m:UDulenHmanlMhat; EdlBüayamEsVgyl; nig bgðajGMBIPaBgayyl;GMBIviFI EdleFVI[karmak;gay 

køayCa]bsKÁ cMeBaHkarBüa)aly:agmanRbsiT§PaB edayfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_. sRmab;B½t’manbEnßmGMBI 

fñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ sUmemIlsnøwkB½t’manTI 6 enAxagcugkBa©b;]bkrN_enH. 

lMhat; 

c>1> karBüa)al nig karmak;gay³ karviPaKbBaða 

c>2> eyIgnwgminR)ab;eKeLIy 

c>3> kumar karBüa)al nig karmak;gay 

c>4> karTTYl)ankarmak;gay 

271

c>1 

karBüa)al nigkarmak;gay³ 

karviPaKbBaða 

eKalbMNg 


yl;dwgGMBIrebobEdlkarmak;gayGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ Gacb:HBal;dl;karTTYl)ankar 

Büa)aledayeRbIfñaMBnüarCIvit nig karelbfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_eTogTat; 

EckrMElkKMnit nig bTBiesaFn_GMBIkarmak;gay EdlBak;B½n§nwgfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

30 naTI 

CMhan 

1> kargarCaKU ³ EcksikçakamCaKU nig [BYkeKBiPakSasMNYr - {etIkarmak;gayb:HBal;dl;karBüa)al 

edayfñaMRbqaMg emeraKeGds_dUcemþcxøH?} 

272

CMBUk c 

]TahrN_énbBaða 





karbgðajBIsßanPaB - GñkminR)ab;RKYsarrbs;Gñk nig rkSaGaf’kM)aMgénkareRbIfñaMRbqaMgemeraK 

eGds_. 

Gaf’kM)aMg - mitþrYmkargarrbs;Gñk mindwgfaGñkkMBugeRbIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_. 

buKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ mankarP½yxøacmitþrYmkargarrbs;xøÜndwgBIsßanPaB 

rbs;eK 

karyl;xus nig BaküccamGar:amGMBIplb:HBal;GviC¢man. 

RKYsarrbs;Gñkmincg;cMNayluy edIm,I]btßmÖdl;karBüa)alGñk. 

2> raykarN_RtLb;mkvij ³- BiPakSaGMBIbBaðanImYy² Edl)anelIkeLIg. EckrMElkerOgr:av nig 

bTBiesaFn_nana edIm,IBüayamEsVgyl;GMBIbBaða. 

3> BiPakSa - etImanKMnitdMbUg²GVIxøH GMBIrebobEdleyIgGaceFVI[mankarpøas;bþÚr? 

4> r)aykarN_RtLb;mkvij ³ GankrNIsikSarbs;Gñk ehIybgðajBIdMbUnμanl¥²rbs;Gñk. 

273

c>2 eyIgnwgminR)ab;eKeLIy 


lMhat;enH KWCalMhat;d¾l¥mYyCamYybuKÁliksuxaPi)al edIm,ICYyBYkeK[EsVg yl;BIrebobEdlkar 

BiPakSaGMBIyuT§sa®sþbgðajBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_CaGtifiCnrbs;xøÜn GacCYyKaMRTdl;karBüa)al 

eTogTat;. 

eKalbMNg 


EsVgyl;GMBIrebobEdlkarepþatelIkarrkSakarsmat;GaceFVI[mankarlM)ak dl;karbgðajBI 

sßanPaBemeraKeGds_ 

BinitüelIrebob EdlkarrkSaGaf’kM)aMg GacbegáItbBaðadl;karBüa)al nig karelbfñaM[)an 

eTogTat; 

BinitüelIrebob EdleyIgGacKaMRTdl;KñaeTAvijeTAmk edIm,IriHrkyuT§sa®sþsRmab;bgðajBI 

sßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;eyIg 

274 

ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> krNIsikSa ³ EcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² [RkumnImYy²GankrNIsikSamYyrYmKña. 

2> GtßRbeyaCn_ ³ BiPakSaGMBIGtßRbeyaCn_ EdlTTYl)anBIsarEdlmnusSmñak;bgðajBIsßanPaB 

rbs;xøÜn. 

3> begáItdMbUnμancMnYn 5 edIm,Ipþl;dl;mnusSmñak; enAkñúgkrNIsikSaGMBIrebobbgðajBIsßanPaBemeraK 

eGds_. sresrdMbUnμanTaMgenH enAelIRkdaspÞaMgFM. 

4> raykarN_RtLb;mkvij ³ GankrNIsikSarbs;Gñk nigbgðajBIdMbUnμanrbs;Gñk.

CMBUk c 

]TahrN_éndMbUnμan 





eRCIserIseBlevla nig TIkEnøgEdlRtwmRtUv 

GnuvtþGVIEdlGñknwgniyayeTAkan;mitþP½®kþ b¤ niyayedayxøÜnÉg 

suM[mitþP½®kþmñak; b¤ smaCikRKYsardéTeTotenACamYyGñk 

suMKMnitBImnusSepSgeTot EdlsßitenAkñúgsßanPaBdUcKñanwgGñk 

suM[Gñkpþl;RbwkSarbs;GñkCYyGñkR)ab; GñkEdlCitsñiT§nwgGñk 

krNIsikSaGMBIkarbgðajBIsßanPaB - krNIsikSaTI 1 

rtna manGayu 18 qñaM enAlIv nig rs;enACamYy«Bukmþayrbs;nag kñúgTIRkugPñMeBj. nag 

kMBugelbfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_. «Bukmþayrbs;nagdwgfa nagkMBugTTYl)ankarBüa)al 

bu:EnþBYkeKRBmeRBogKñafa erOgenHminKYr[GñkCitxag nigsac;jatidwgeLIy. rtna Bit 

Cacg;R)ab;mitþl¥bMputrbs;nagenAsala. 


niml dwgfaxøÜnmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ bu:EnþminTan;R)ab;RKYsarrbs;Kat;enAeLIy. Kat; 

eTAKøIniksuMdMbUnμanGMBIrebobR)ab;mþayrbs;Kat;. GñkRKUeBTüminmanPaBGMNt; eday 

sarEtKat;mankargareRcIneBk. Kat;)anR)ab;nimlfa Kat;KYrKitfaetIfaKat;nwgeFVI 

[mþayrbs;Kat;Bi)akcitþdl;kRmitNa. 

275

c>2 

eyIgnwgminR)ab;eKeLIy 


suxa kMBugTTYl)ankarBüa)aledayeRbIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ bu:EnþKat;minTan;)an 

R)ab;RbBn§rbs;Kat;GMBIkarBüa)alenH b¤ BIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;Kat;eLIy. 

Kat;elbfñaM enAeBlEdlKat;enAkEnøgeFVIkar. BUrbs;Kat;eXIjsuxalak;fñaM enA 

kñúgkabUb. suxaseRmccitþfa enHKWCaeBlEdlKat;RtUvRbBn§rbs;Kat; muneBl 

GñkdéTykerOgenHeTAR)ab;RbBn§rbs;Kat;. 


ParI KWCaRKUbeRgonmñak; enAsalabzmsikSaRbCuMCnmYy. enAsala nagmanmitþl¥ 

mñak; Edlnagcg;R)ab;GMBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;nag. nagsgS½yfa mitþrbs;nag 

k¾RbEhlCapÞúkemeraKeGds_Edr edaysarEtnageXIjdbfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ 

enAkñúgkabUbrbs;Kat;. 


rsμI dwgfanagmanemeraKeGds_ enAeBlEdlnageTAkan;KøInikmYy. GñkRKUeBTüR)ab; 

nagfa nagKYrR)ab;bþIrbs;nagGMBIerOgenH bu:EnþnagxøacRbtikmμrbs;bþI. nag)an 

cab;epþImelbfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ nig rkSaTukfñaMTaMgenaH enAkñúgpÞHbgRsIrbs; 

nag EdlenACitenaH. 

276

CMBUk c 



niyay. 

enAeBlEdlbuKÁliksuxaPi)alepþatelIkarrkSakarsmat; vaGacraraMgeyIgmin[KitGMBIkarR)ab;Gñk 

déTGMBIsßanPaBrbs;eyIg. 

eyIgGacmanGarmμN_fa karR)ab;GñkdéT KWCaGVIEdlBi)akeFVI bu:EnþRbsinebImankarKaMRTBImitþP½®kþ 

nig RkumRKYsar karR)ab;GñkdéTmanPaBgayRsYl. 

karEckrMElkyuT§sa®sþCamYyGñkdéT EdlmansßanPaBRsedogKña GacCYyeyIg[manPaBebIkcMh 

Cagmun. 

enAeBlEdleyIg)anniyayR)ab;GñkdéT eyIgminsUvrgplb:HBal; edaysarkarmak;gayeLIy. 

karebIkcMh CYyeyIg[niyayGMBIsuxPaBrbs;eyIg elbfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ nig TTYl)ankar 

Büa)alCaeTogTat;. 

eynD½r nig PaBxusKñaénGMNac eFVI[karniyayR)ab;mnusSmYycMnYnkan;EtmankarlM)ak. 

277

c>3 kumar karBüa)al nigkarmak;gay 


lMhat;enHmanRbeyaCn_ sRmab;eRbIR)as;CamYy«Bukmþay EdlmankUnCaGñk pÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;vKÁenH sikçakamnwgmanKMnity:agc,as; GMBImUlehtu nigrebobR)ab;dl;kumarGMBIsßanPaB 

emeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK nigGMBIkarBüa)aledayeRbIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_. 

ry³eBl 

90 naTI 

CMhan 

1> karRbmUlKMnit ³ [sikçakamKitGMBIsMNYrmYycMnYn Edl«BukmþaypÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacman GMBI 

karniyayGMBIkarpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK[kUndwg b¤ GMBIkarR)ab;kUnEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_GMBI 

sßanPaBrbs;BYkeK nig mUlehtuEdlBYkeKRtUvelbfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_. 

278

CMBUk c 






RbsinebIkumarmñak;kMBugTTYl)ankarBüa)al edayeRbIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ etIGñkKYrR)ab;BYkeK 

GMBIfñaM EdlBYkeKkMBugelbEdrb¤eT? 

etIGñkkMBugkarBarkUnrbs;Gñk edaycat;TukfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ KWCafñaMFmμta CaCagpþl;[B½t’man 

dl;BYkeKGMBIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ nig etIBYkeKGacRKb;RKgsßanPaBenH)anrwtEtRbesIr eday 

rebobNa? 

etImanGayusmRsb EdlRtUv[eKR)ab;Gñk faGñkmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ Edrb¤eT? 

cuHsiT§irbs;kumar edIm,Idwg¼yl;BIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK nig BIkarBüa)alvij? 

etIkumarGacTTYl)ankarKaMRTtamrebobNaxøH enAeBlEdlBYkeKRtUv)aneKR)ab;BIsßanPaBrbs; 

BYkeK? 

etImanGVIekIteLIgcMeBaHRKYsar RbsinebIkumarykerOgenHeTAR)ab;eKRKb;Kña? 

etIkumarnwgrgkarmak;gayenAsalaeron Edrb¤eT? 

2> karqøúHbBa©aMg ³ cgcaMeBlEdlmanGayu 12 qñaM 

[sikçakamGgÁúyedayELkBIKña ehIybiTEPñk. [BYkeK ³ 

RsemIlRsém:fa GñkKWCaekμgGayu 12 qñaM. etIy:agem:cEdr? etIGVIxøH EdlsMxan;enAkñúgCIvitrbs;Gñk? 

etIGñkcUlcitþeFVIGVIxøH? etIGñkCitsñiTnwgGñkNaxøH - etIGñkEtgniyayCamYyGñkNaxøH? etIGñkRBYy 

)armÖGMBIGVIxøH? ¬TukeBl[BYkeKRsemIlRsém:¦ \lUvRsém:fa GñkpwkfñaM)anmYyry³ ehIyGñksYr 

mIgrbs;Gñk faetIfñaMenaHCafñaMGVI? Kat;R)ab;Gñkfa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. etIGñkRbtikmμtbeday 

rebobNa? etIGñkmanGarmμN_y:agNa? etIvanwgmanplb:HBal;GVIxøH mkelIGñk? 

279

c>3 

kumar 

karBüa)al nigkarmak;gay 

3> karBiPakSaCaKU ³ etIkarqøúHbBa©aMgRbRBwtþeTAy:agdUcemþc? 

4> karBiPakSaRkumFM 

etIekμgenAGayubu:nμan EdleyIgKYrR)ab;GMBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_ nig karBüa)aledayfñaMRbqaMg 

emeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK? etIeyIgR)ab;BYkeKedayrebobNa? 

5> karR)ab;kUn¬El,gsEmþgtYCaKU¦ ³ 

EcksikçakamCaKU nig rkkEnøgTMenrmYy. édKUnImYy²RBmeRBogKña GñkNaeFVICakUn nig GñkNaeFVICa 

«Buk b¤ mþay. 

Bnül;R)ab; {kUn} - tYnaTIrbs;Gñk KWRtUvsYrmþay b¤ «Bukrbs;GñknUvsMNYrmYycMnYn kñúgcMeNamsMNYr 

xageRkam³ 

etIfñaMenH KWCafñaMGVI? 

ehtuGVI)anCa´RtUvpwkfñaMenH? 

ehtuGVI)anCabgRbusrbs;´minpwkfñaMenH? 

eBlNaeTIb´GacQb;pwkfñaMenH? m:ak; b¤ )a:niyayfa ´RtUvpwkfñaMenHeBjmYyCIvit. etI´manCMgWGVI? 

etI´manCMgWeGds_EmneT? 

[édKUnImYy² riHrkrebobsEmþgtYGMBIsßanPaBenH. enAeBlEdlBYkeKbBa©b; GeBa¢IjédKUmYy[ 

eLIgmksEmþgtY. enAeBlEdlBYkeKsEmþgcb; sYr - {etIGñkÉkPaB b¤ minÉkPaBCamYyviFIenH? 

ehtuGVI? RbsinebIGñkminÉkPaB etIGñknwgeqøIytbeTAnwgkUnenH edayrebobNa? etIGacmanviFI 

epSgeTotGVIxøH EdlGacykmkeRbIR)as;)an?} 

RbsinebIsikçakamdéTeTotmanKMnitepSg [BYkeKsμ½RKcitþeLIgmksEmþg - eRbIviFIsa®sþQb;- 

cab;epþIm edIm,I bgðajBIviFIsa®sþepSg²Kña. 

BiPakSa³ etIeFVICakUnmanGarmμN_y:agNa? cuHeFVICa«Bukmþayvij? etIGñknwgR)ab;kUnrbs;GñkGMBI 

sßanPaBrbs;va edayrebobNa? etIkñúgnamCaRKYsarmYy etIGñkRtUvkarKaMRTGVIxøH? 

280

CMBUk c 



niyay. 

kumarmansiT§idwgBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK drabNarebobEdlGñkR)ab;BYkeKeFVIeTA)anl¥. 

niyayeTAkan;«Buk mþaydéTeTot EdlmansßanPaBdUcGñk. 

RbsinebIkumarcab;epþImsYrsMNYr vaRbEhlCadl;eBl EdlRtUvpþl;cemøIy. 

Gñkk¾GacEckrMElkBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;Gñkdl;kUn EdlenHCaviFImYy edIm,Ipþl;karKaMRTdl; 

eK. 

BiPakSaGMBIyuT§sa®sþedaHRsaybBaðaepSg²CamYykUnrbs;Gñk GMBIfaetIGñkNaxøH EdlBYkeKKYr 

niyayR)ab; nig KYrniyayedayrebobNa. 

eFVIy:agNa[kUnrbs;Gñkyl;BIsar³sMxan;énkarpwkfñaMeTogTat; nig CYyeK[xitxMGs;BIsmtßPaB 

edIm,IpwkfñaM[)aneTogTat;. 

BüayamEsVgrkxitb½NÑ b¤ esovePA EdlkUnrbs;GñkGacGan GMBIkumarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

281

c>4 karTTYl)ankarBüa)al 


lMhat;enHBinitüelICMgW»kasniym nig fñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_. GeBa¢IjGñkCMnajxagevC¢sa®sþ 

¬GñkEdldwgBIkarBüa)al edayeRbIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¦ [CYyGñkBnül;BIbBaða nig eqøIysMNYr 

rbs;sikçakam. 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;vKÁenH sikçakamnwgGac³ 

dwgfaCMgW»kasniymCaeRcIn GacBüa)alCa 

kMNt;BIrebobbgáar¼kat;bnßykarqøgCMgW»kasniym[enAticCaGb,brma 

Bnül;BIB½t’manCamUldæanmYycMnYnGMBIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

2 em:ag 

karerobcM 

sresrsMNYrelIRkdaspÞaMgFM ehIybiTenAtamkEnøgepSgKña enAkñúgbnÞb;. yksnøwkB½t’man ¬CMgW 

»kasniym nigfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¦ TuksRmab;Eck. 

CMhan 

282 

1> CMgW»kasniym ¬karqøas;KñaRbmUlKMnit¦ ³ EcksikçakamCa 5 Rkum nig [RkumnImYy²eTA

CMBUk c 

kan;kEnøgrbs;RkdaspÞaMgFMmYy. BIrbInaTIeRkaymk eRbIceRmog edIm,Ipøas;kEnøgrbs;RkumeTAkan; 

RkdaspÞaMgFMbnÞab; pøas;tamTisRTnicnaLika. bnþrhUtdl;RkumnImYy²RtLb;mkdl;RkdaspÞaMgFM 

edImrbs;BYkeKvij. 

sMNYr³ 

etIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GacRbQmnwgCMgWGVIxøH? 

etICMgWrebgmaneraKsBaØaGVIxøH? 

etIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GacbgáarCMgW»kasniym edayrebobNa? 

etIkarqøgCMgW»kasniymb:HBal;dl;\riyabfrbs;GñkdéT edayrebobNa? 

etIeyIgRbQmnwgkarmak;gayGVIxøH edaysarEtCMgW»kasniym? 






etIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RbQmnwgCMgW»kasniymjwkjab;CageKGVIxøH? 

CMgWrebg CMgWrak CMgWrlaksYt CMgWRKuneBaHevon CMgWpSit CMgWmharIkEs,k CMgWmharIkEs,kEdleFVI[ 

manhUrQam CMgWRCaMg herpes zoster, rlakeRsamxYr 

etICMgWrebgmaneraKsBaØaGVIxøH? 

RskTMgn; k¥kCaRbcaM QWRTUgxøaMg EbkejIseBlyb; mincg;jauMGahar PaBsauMrbs;sarBagÁkay 

fycuH 

etIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GacbgáarCMgW»kasniymedayrebobNa? 

BinitüsuxPaBCaeTogTat; EsVgrkkarBüa)al[qab;bMputeRkayelcecjeraKsBaØa sRmak[)an 

RKb;RKan; jauMGaharEdlmanCIvCatiRKb;RKan; Gnam½yl¥ karBüa)albgáarCMgWrebg ecosvageRKOg 

Rsvwg nig)arI ecosvag pwkTwkedaHeKaedIm,Ikat;bnßyCMgWraK ecosvageRbIsáredIm,IbBaÄb;CMgWpSit 

283

c>4 

karTTYl)ankarBüa)al 


etIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RbQmnwgkarmak;gayGVIxøHedaysarCMgW»kasniym? 

karmak;gaymankarekIneLIg edaysarEtCMgW EdleKemIleXIj dUcCa dMe)A nig knÞÜl. 

RKYsarmankarRBYy)armÖGMBIkarniyayrbs;GñkCitxag dUecñH BYkeKBüayamlak;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

BuMmanGñkNacg;GgÁúyEk,r b¤ jauMGaharCamYyGñkeLIy. 

eKKitfa enHKWCakMhusrbs;Gñk - niyayfa GñkminecHEfTaMxøÜnÉg. 

eKsnμt;fa GñkmanCMgWeGds_ nigsøab;kñúgeBlqab;²enH. 

2> karBüa)aledayfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¬karEckb½NÑsRmab;sresr¦ ³ Eckb½NÑ nig 

hVWt. [sikçakamsresrGMBIcemøIycMeBaHsMNYr {etIGñkdwgGVIxøH GMBIkarBüa)aledayfñaMRbqaMg 

emeraKeGds_?} [sikçakamsresrmYycMNuc elIb½NÑnImYy² ehIybiTenAelICBa¢aMg. 

dak;cMNucdUc²KñacUlKña ehIybnÞab;mk BinitücMNucnImYy² edaysYrfa³ 

etIGñkÉkPaBCamYycMNucenHeT? 

cg;EktRmUv b¤ bEnßmGVI Edrb¤eT? 

EcksnøwkB½t’manGMBIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_. Fanafa bBaðaxageRkamenHRtUv)anelIkeLIg. 

bBaða EdlRtUvelIkeLIg³ 

karBüa)alcUlKña RbePTfñaMepSg²BIKña eBlEdlRtUvcab;epþImkarBüa)al kareFVIetsþ CD4 nig 

rkcMnYnvIrus karelbfñaMeTogTat; ¬elb[cMeBl RKb;cMnYnfñaM erogral;éf¦ plrMxan cMnYnCatiBul 

kEnøgebIkfñaM etIGs;éføbu:nμan? karsauMrbs;fñaM ¬eRbIR)as;cMeNHdwgrbs;mnusSGMBIkarsauMrbs;CMgW 

déTeTot dUcCa RKab;fñaMkør:UXVInsRmab;Büa)al CMgWRKuncaj;. 

284 

3> bBaðaBüa)al¬bBaðasMxan;¦ ³ EcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² ehIy[bBaðamYykñúgcMeNambBaðaxag 

eRkamenH eTARkumnImYy². [BYkeKsEmþgsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK nigBüayamriHrkdMeNaHRsay.

CMBUk c 

k> bursmñak;niyayeTAkan;kUnRbusrbs;Kat; EdlmanCMgWeGds_ - {«suMeTas. eyIgElgman 

luyTijfñaMeTotehIy.} Kat;niyayR)ab;RbBn§rbs;Kat;EtBIrnak;fa - {ehtuGVI)anCaeyIg 

KYrx¢Hx¢ayluyelIva? vaKg;Etnwgsøab;dEdl¡ ehIymü:ageTot vaKWCaGñkEdlbgá[man 

bBaðaenH.} 

x> RKYsarmYyCab;bMNuleK edaysarEtBüayamrkkarBüa)al[kUnRbusrbs;BYkeK Edlman 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIymþgeTArkevC¢bNÐitÉkCn mþgeTArkRKUExμr. 

K> GñkCMgWmñak;Qb;elbfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ ehIyniyayfa \lUvenH Kat;FUrRsalCagmun. 

X> «BukeTAKøInik edIm,IebIkfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ CamYykUnRbusrbs;Kat;EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

Kat;Tas;smþICamYybuKÁlikKøInik edaysarEtGVIEdlBYkeKeFVIdak;kUnRbusrbs;Kat;. 

4> BiPakSa³ 

etImanGVIekIteLIg enAkñúgEl,gsEmþgtY? 

etIeyIgeronecHGVIxøH? 

etIeyIgGaceFVIGVIxøH edIm,ICMnH]bsKÁmYycMnYn EdleyIgGacRbQm enAeBlEdleyIgTTYlkar 

Büa)al? 



niyay. 

RKYsarCaeRcIn minmanB½t’manRKb;RKan; GMBICMgW»kasniym dUecñHehIy eTIbBYkeKmanCMenOEbbmak;gay 

fa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_QW nigcaMEtéfsøab;bu:eNÑaH. 

RbsinebIRKYsardwgeRcIn GMBICMgW»kasniym nig fñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ BYkeKGacpþl;karKaMRT nig 

karEfTaM)ankan;Etl¥. 

naeBlbc©úb,nñenH fñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_maneRcInCagmun ehIyGacpþl;[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_nUv 

esckþIsgÇwmsRmab;eBlGnaKt bu:EnþGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUvCMnHkarP½yxøacTTYlrgkarmak;gay 

edIm,ITTYl)ankarBüa)aledayeRbIfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_. 

ebIeTaHbICaGacTTYl)anfñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_k¾eday k¾GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GacenAEtRbQmnwg 

bBaðanana EdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYykarmak;gay. 

285

CMBUkq³ 

kumar nigkarmak;gay 

esckþIepþIm 

emeronenHBinitüemIleTAelIplb:HBal;énkarmak;gayeTAelIkumar 

EdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;eday 

emeraKeGds_ . karmak;gaycMeBaHkumarmanTRmg;CaeRcIn . ]TahrN_mYycMnYn rYmman ³ 

karsþIbenÞas ³ kumarTTYlrgkarsþIbenÞassRmab;mrNPaBrbs;«BukmþayBYkeK kumarTTYlrgkarsþI 

benÞasfaCa bnÞúkmYy b¤kñúgRbeTsmYycMnYn kumarkMRBar RtUv)aneKyl;eXIjfa Ca { kumarnaMsMNag 

minl¥} . 

kumarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_ GacRtUv)andkecjBIsalaeron RKYsar nig 

shKmn_ GaRs½yedaykarP½yxøaccMeBaHkarmak;gay . 

kumarkMRBar EtgTTYl)ankarykcitþTukdak;xusKñaBIkumardéTeTotEdlmanRKYsar rab;bBa©Úlkar 

EdltRmUv[kumarkMRBareFIVkargarbEnßm ehIykumarTaMgGs;enaH EtgTTYlrgkarecaTRbkan;cMeBaHkar 

sñg {karRbRBwtþminl¥} rbs;«BukmþayBYkeK . 

kumarGnafa RtUv)aneKyl;eXIjfa CakumarkxVk; nigmanPaBGnaFibetyü . 

emeronenH maneKalbMNgCYyBinitüemIl nigEsVgyl;reboblkçN³epSg²KñaEdlkumarTTYlrgkar 

mak;gay nigEsVgrkyuT§sa®sþedIm,Icab;epþImpøas;bþÚr\riyabf nigbTBiesaFn_knøgmk . emronenH RtUv)an 

erobcMeLIgsRmab;kumarEdl manGayucenøaHBI 8qñaM eTA 15qñaM . GñksRmbsRmYlRtUvEksRmYlrebobBnül; 

nigeFIVkarBnül;vakSs½BÞ GaRs½yeTAtamv½yrbs;kumarEdlcUlrYm . 

286

emeronenH RtUv)anEbgEck 

CaBIrEpñk ³ 

lMhat;sRmab;kumar 

lMhat;TaMgenHmaneKalbMNgCYykumar[ 

BinitüemIleTAelIkarmak;gay nigreboblkçN³ 

Edlkarmak;gaybgáplb:H Bal;dl;GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ . Cak;Esþg RKUbeRgonGaceRbIR)as; 

lMhat;TaMgenH edIm,IGnuvtþCamYykumar nigedIm,I 

RbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay . 

lMhat;sRmab;mnusSeBjv½y - «Bukmþay 

GñkEfTaMkumar GaNaBüa)al 

edIm,ICYymnusSeBjv½y[yl;GMBIkarmak;gay 

EdlkumarRbQmmux nigEsVgrkviFIksagCMnaj 

nigyuT§sa®sþRbkbeday RbsiT§iPaB edIm,Ipþl; 

karKaMRT nigRbqaMgkarmak;gay . 

lMhat; 

q>1> karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gay 

tamry³rUbPaB 

q>2> ehtuGIV)anCaeyIgTukGñkdéT[enAÉeka? 

xøacemeraKeGds_? 

q>3> etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBlEdl 

emeraKeGds_cUlpÞH? ¬karbgðajrUbPaB 

nigkarbegáItsac;erOg¦ 

q>4> etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBlEdl 

emeraKeGds_cUlpÞH? ¬dMeNIrerOg 

nigkarBiPakSa¦ 

q>5> karKUrrUbPaB nigkaredaHRsaybBaða 

q>6> etIktþaGIVxøHEdlnaM[manmitþPaBl¥? 

q>7> ehtuGIV)anCakarmak;gaynaM[man 

eRKaHfñak;? ¬erOgesñha¦ 

q>8> lMhat;bBa¢ak;GMBIKuNtémø 

q>9> GarmμN_EdlTTYl)anBIkarmak;gay 

q>10> skmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gay - 

etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøH? 

lMhat;sRmab;mnusSeBjv½y 

q>11> karcgcaMGMBIkumarPaB 

q>12> etIeyIgyl;eXIjdUcemþccMeBaHkumar? 

q>13> karviPaKGMBIkarmak;gaycMeBaHkumar 

287

kareFIVkargarCamYykumar 

dMbUnμansRmab;kareFIVkargarCamYykumarenAkñúgbribTsikçasala 

nigbribTdéTeTot 

RkumGayu 

RbEhlCamanPaBgayRsYlCagkñúgkareFIVkarCamYy 

Rkumkumar EdlmanGayuRbhak;RbEhlKña -]> 8- 

10qñaM 11-15qñaM .l. 

RtUvFanafa kumaryl;GMBIsßanPaBEdlkMBug 

ekIteLIg¼mUlehtuEdlBYkeKcUlrYmenAkñúg 

sikçasala 

RtUvFanaCanic©Cakalfa GñkBnül;GMBIehtuplEdl 

GñkkMBugerobcM sikçasala b¤kMBugGnuvtþlMhat;mYy 

cMnYnCamYykumar . RtUvmanPaBc,as;las; nigeRtom 

lkçN³rYcCaeRsckñúgkareqøIysMnYrnana . 

RtUv[mankaryl;RBm 

RtUv[mankaryl;RBmBIGñkEfTaMkumarCanic© RbsinebI 

GñknwgeFIVkargarCamYykUnrbs;BYkeK . RtUvFanafa 

BYkeKdwgfa kUnrbs;BYkeK nwgeTAkEnøgNa eBlevla 

nigkarerobcMsRmab;kardwkCBa¢Ún¼karmk TTYlkUn 

rbs;BYkeK .l. 

tRmUvkarbEnßm 

RtUveRtomlkçN³sRmbsRmYlpþl;tRmUvkarepSg² 

Kña . munkarcab;epþImsikçasala RtUvBinitüemIlfa 

etImankumarNaEdlmanesckþIRtUv karBiessEdr 

b¤eT RbsinebIGaceFIVeTA)an . RtUveRtomEpnkar 

TukCamun RbsinebIkumarRsab;EtmanCmWPøam² ¬RtUv 

eRtombnÞb;sMrak RtUvdwgGMBIKøInikEdlenACit 

bMput .l.¦ 

Gahar b¤GaharsRmn; 

RtUvKitGMBIkarpþl;Gahar b¤GaharsRmn; muneBl 

EdlGñkcab; epþImsikçasala edIm,IecosvagPaBXøan 

cMNI rMxandl;karcUlrYmrbs; kumar ¬kumarmYycMnYn 

GacTTYlTanGaharmineTogTat;¦. 

karENnaM 

KitGMBIviFIsamBaØEdlKμankarKMramkMEhgkñúgkarCRmuj 

[kumarENnaM xøÜnrbs;BYkeK[RkumTaMgmUl)ansÁal; 

enAeBlcab;epþImsikçasala. cUreRbIR)as;cMerog 

El,gkMsanþ cgVak;bTePøgepSg²edIm,ICYybgá 

lkçN³[manPaBsb,ayrIkray . 

288

pþl;karENnaMminEmnkarcg¥úlTis 

kumarGaceFIVGIV²kñúglkçN³mYyepSgKñaBIrebobrbs; 

mnusSeBjv½y. BüayamGnuBaØat[kumarmankar 

RKb;RKgeTAelIEl,gkMsanþ b¤lMhat;NamYy [)an 

eRcInbMputtamEdlGaceFIVeTA)an . BüayamrkSa 

tulüPaBrvagkarpþl;karENnaMEbbTn;Pøn; b:uEnþmin 

RtUvGnuvtþtYnaTI CMnYykumar nigeFIVkarcg¥úlTiseTA 

elIGIV²RKb;y:agenaHeT . 

eFIVkargarCamYyPaBesakesA 

lMhat;CaeRcInnwgnaM[nwkeXIjdl;karcgcaMeRkom 

RkMmYycMnYn b¤kar nwkKiteTAdl;RKalM)akrbs;kumar 

dUecñH RtUveRtomlkçN³pþl;kar KaMRT nigkarlYgelam 

ehIyminRtUvmanGarmμN_P½ytk;søt;enaHeT RbsinebI 

kumarcab;epþImyM . enHTMngCaelIkdMbUg Edlkumar 

man»kasniyayGMBIbBaðamYycMnYnEdlBYkeKFøab; 

)anqøgkat; . karyM KWCakarEdleFIV[manPaBFUr 

RsalkñúgGarmμN_ ehIyGIVEdlsMxan;enaH KWRtUv 

GnuBaØat[kumarsEmþgGMBIGarmμN_xøÜnÉg nigbeBa©j 

semøg rbs;xøÜnÉg[eK)anlW . 

KitGMBIbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk 

RtUveRtomlkçN³xøÜnGñksRmab;EpñkEdlbgá[man 

PaBrBa¢ÜyGarmμN_ kñúgkareFIVkargarCamYykumar 

tamry³karBicarNaGMBIbTBiesaFn_ pÞal;xøÜnrbs; 

Gñk nigsakl,gGnuvtþlMhat;mYycMnYnedayxøÜnGñk 

pÞal; . karyl;dwgEbbenH nwgCYy[kareFIVkargar 

CamYykumarman PaBkan;EtgayRsYl . 

karftrUb 

RbsinebIGñkcg;ftrUbPaB GñkRtUvesñIsuMkaryl;RBm 

BIkumar nigGñk EfTaMrbs;BYkeKCamunsin ehIyGñk 

RtUvCRmabB½t’man[BYkeKdwgfa kñúg»kasNamYy 

rUbftTaMgenaHnwgRtUv)aneRbIR)as;CasaFarN³ . 

GnuBaØat[kumarniyay 

eKalbMNgcm,gmYyrbs;Gñk KYrGnuBaØat[kumar 

niyay nigRtUvsþab;GIVEdlBYkeKkMBugniyay . cUr 

Eføg nigelIkTwkcitþ[mankarbeBa©jmtieyabl; . 

bBa¢ak;R)ab;kumarfa BuMmancemøIyRtUvb¤xusenaH eT 

enAeBlEdlniyayGMBIbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs; 

BYkeK . 

Pasa 

KitGMBIrebobEdlGñkRtUveFIVkarBnül; . cUreRbIR)as; 

BaküsamBaØ nigBuMRtUveRbIR)as;Bakübec©keTsenA 

kñúgsikçasalaeLIy . RtUvFanafa kumaryl;GMBIGIV 

EdlGñk)anniyay . 

kayvikar 

RtUvdwgGMBIkayvikarrbs;Gñk . cMNucenHGacrYmman 

karGgÁúycuH b¤ lt;CgÁg;bnÞn;xøÜn[esμIeTAnwgkm

kareFIVkargarCamYykumar 

karebIkcMhrGMBIbBaða 

BicarNaGMBIrebobEdlGñknwgRtUveqøIytb RbsinebI 

kumarebIkcMhr b¤elIkeLIgGMBIbBaðakarekgRbv½Ba© 

b¤karrMelaPbMBan . RtUvFanafa GgÁkarrbs;Gñkman 

Epnkar b¤esckþIENnaMGMBIcMNat;karEdlKYrGnuvtþ 

kñúgkrNIEbbenH . 

elIkTwkcitþkumarEdlBuMsUvmanTMnukcitþ 

elIxøÜnÉg 

KitGMBIviFIsa®sþ nigbec©keTssRmab;elIkTwkcitþ 

kumar EdlminsUvmanTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg[cUlrYm . 

cUrcgcaMpgEdrfa kumarmansiT§imincUlrYm RbsinebI 

BYkeKmincg;cUlrYm . 

eBlevlaTMenr nigkarelgkMsanþ 

bBa©ÚleBlevlaTMenr nigkarelgkMsanþeTAkñúgsikça 

sala . vaCakar sMxan;EdlRtUvpþl;»kasepSg² 

Kñadl;kumar edIm,I[BYkeKGacR)aRs½yTak;TgKña 

nigsEmþgGMBIGarmμN_rbs;BYkeK . RbsinebIGac 

eFIVeTA)an KYr[mansmÖar³ekμgelgmYycMnYn ¬)al; 

tuktþa exμAédKUl½r .l.¦ 

cMerog 

cMerog raMErk El,gkMsanþ nigkarsEmþgelçan Gac 

ykmkGnuvtþ)an y:agl¥RbesIrCamYYykumar . elIk 

Twkcitþkumar[dwknaMkareRcogcMerog EckrMElkGMBIcM 

Ng;cMNUlcitþrbs;BYkeK raMErk .l. 

kuMeFIVkarEtmñak;Ég 

RbsinebIGaceFIVeTA)an RtUv[manRkumGñksRmb 

sRmYlmYyRkum edIm,ICYykñúgsikçasala . Gacman 

»kasmYycMnYnEdlRkumkumar epSg²KñaGnuvtþ 

skmμPaBxus²KñapgEdr . Gñkk¾RtUvFanapgEdrfa 

RtUvmansmasPaBTaMgburs nig®sþIenAkñúgRkum 

sRmbsRmYlenH . 

suvtßiPaBragkay 

muneBl nigkñúgGMLúgeBlénsikçasala GñkRtUv 

dwgGMBIbBaðasuvtßiPaB ragkay CaBiess RbsinebI 

GñkkMBugeRbIR)as;El,gkMsanþEdlBak; B½n§eTAnwgkar 

eRbIR)as;clnaragkaykumar . RtUverobcMTIFøa[man 

lkçN³kumaremRtI . 

erobcMEpnkarkmμviFI 

erobcMlMhat;cMruH EdlepþatelIbBaðaepSg²Kña . 

RbsinebIlMhat; mYyBi)akGnuvtþ b¤bMpus[mannUv 

GarmμN_esakesAeRcIn RtUvFanafa lMhat;bnÞab; 

manPaBFUrRsal EdlepþatelIkarCMnHeTAelIbBaða 

karksag[manRbRktIPaBeLIgvij karKaMRT .l. 

290

291

q>1 karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gay 

tamry³rUbPaB 


lMhat;enH KWdUcKñaeTAnwglMhat;k1 . lMhat;enHCYy[kumarcab;epþImeFIVkarkMNt; nigniyayGMBIkar 

mak;gay . lMhat;enHCYyENnaMBIRbFanbTénkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg ehIyvamann½ydUcemþc? 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;GMBITRmg;xus²Kñaénkarmak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_kñúgbribTepSg²Kña 

kMNt;rkGMBIrebobEdlkarmak;gaybgá[manplb:HBal;eTAelIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigRKYsar 

rbs;BYkeK rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkumar 

RkumeKaledA 

kumarrvagBIGayu 8 nig 15qñaM 

ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

rUbPaBEdlbgðajGMBIkarmak;gay - bitenAelICBa¢aMg³ q1 q2 q3 q4 q5 q6 q7 q14 q17 

q18 

CMhan 

292

CMBUk q 

1> karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gay ³ EbgEckkumarCaRkum EdlRkumnimYy²mankumarcMnYn 3-4nak; . 

esñI[Rkum nimYy²eRCIserIsrUbPaB1snøwk . cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIGñkemIleXIjGIVxøHenAkñúgrUbPaB? 

etIGñkKitfa kMBugmanerOgGIV ekIteLIgenAkñúgrUbPaB? } 

2> karpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb; ³ esñI[RkumnimYy² elIkrUbPaBrbs;BYkeKeLIg edIm,I[RkumTaMg 

mUlGacemIleXIj nigBnül;GMBIGIVEdlekIteLIgkñúgrUbPaB . sRmab;rUbPaBnimYy² cUrsYrsMnYrfa 

{etIGñkKitfa GIVEdlkMBugekIteLIg TaMgGs;enHeFIV[Gñk ¬EdlTTYlrgkarmak;gay¦ manGarmμN_ 

dUcemþc? } 

cUrkt;RtaGMBImUlehtuEdlkumarKitfa mnusSTaMgGs;enaHTTYlrgkarmak;gay . 


rUbPaB q1 - ®sþImñak;kMBugGgÁúymñak;Ég . ®sþI 2nak;déTeTot kMBugniyayedImnag. 

®sþI 2nak; kMBugniyayedIm®sþImñak; EdlkMBugGgÁúymñak;Ég . BYkeKKitfa nagRbEhlCamanpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ . ®sþImñak;enaH manTwkmuxeRkomRkM nigÉekaCaxøaMg . 

293

q>1 

karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³rUbPaB 


rUbPaB q4 - bursmñak;kMBugGgÁúymñak;ÉgenAelIERKRbkbedayTwkmuxEbbFøak;Twkcitþ . 

bursmñak;enH RtUv)anTuk[enAmñak;ÉgkñúgbnÞb;mYy . KμannrNamksYrsuxTukçKat;eLIy . Kat;man 

TwkmuxÉeka nigFøak;Twkcitþ . 

rUbPaB q6 - «BukkMBugTTYlTanGaharmñak;Ég . 

«BukkMBugTTYlTanGaharmñak;Ég . Kat;manrUbragsÁmsÁaMgdUcGñkCmWeGds_ . RbBn§rbs;Kat;man 

TwkmuxeRkomRkM . Kat;xøacqøgemeraKeGds_ dUecñH Kat;)anR)ab;[bþIrbs;Kat;TTYlTanGahardac; 

edayELkEtÉg . bursCabþImanPaBeRkomRkM bu:Enþ Kat;RBmTTYlykkarmak;gay ¬karmak;gay 

xøÜnÉg¦ . 

294

CMBUk q 


rUbPaB q7 - RKYsarmYykMBuglak;GñkCmWeGds_enAkñúgpÞH . 

RKYsarmYykMBuglak;GñkCmWeGds_enAkñúgpÞH . BYkeKmincg;[ePJóvdwgfa BYkeKmansmaCikRKYsar 

EdlmanCmWeGds_enAkñúgpÞHrbs;BYkeKenaHeT . BYkeKP½yxøacfa shKmn_nwgmak;gayBYkeK KWkar 

mak;gaytamry³karman TMnak;TMngCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 



niyay. 

CYnkaleyIgRbRBwtþcMeBaHGñkdéTy:agFn;Fr . eyIgdak;BYkeK[enAdac;EtÉg b¤bdiesFBYkeK - 

]> bdiesF GgÁúyEk,rnrNamñak;enAkñúgfñak;eron b¤ rfynþRkug b¤eyIgniyayedImGMBIBYkeK b¤ehA 

eQμaHBYkeKEbbminsmrmü . enAeBlEdleyIgdak;GñkdéT[enAdac;edayELkEtÉg b¤esIccMGk 

[GñkdéT TegVIenH ehAfa {karmak;gay} . 

enAeBlEdleyIgmak;gay mann½yfa eyIgdak;GñkdéT[enAdac;EtÉg edayniyayfa BYkeKbgá 

eRKaHfñak;¼karKMramkMEhgmkelIeyIg ¬eRBaHeyIgKitfa BYkeKGaccmøgemeraKeGds_mk[eyIg¦ 

b¤eyIgeFIVkarvinicä½y eTAelIGñkdéTedayniyayfa BYkeK)anbMBaneTAelIbTdæansgÁm ¬vin½ysgÁm 

GMBIkarRbRBwtþ rbs;RbCaCn¦ ehIyBYkeKKYrTTYlkartiHedol b¤efáaleTas . 

295

q>1 

karkMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gaytamry³rUbPaB 

CMenO b¤ \riyabfmak;gay bNþal[mankarerIseGIg EdlsMedAcMeBaHkarRbRBwtþminesμIPaBeTAelI 

CnTaMg LayNaEdleKeCOfa manzan³TabCag . 

karmak;gayBuMEmnCaTegVIl¥enaHeT . karmak;gayeFIV[mnusSmankarQWcab; . enAeBlEdleyIg 

mak;gay vaeFIV[GñkdéTmanGarmμN_minl¥ Éeka )armÖ eRkomRkM nigRtUv)aneKbdiesF . 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_EtTTYlrgkarmak;gayBIRKYsar nigshKmn_ . BYkeKRtUvTTYlTanGaharmñak; 

Ég b¤ RtUv)anbgçM[cakecjBIpÞH nigrs;enAkEnøgepSg . TegVIEbbenH eFIV[BYkeKmanGarmμN_minl¥ 

CaxøaMg EdlnaM[b:HBal;dl;suxPaBrbs;BYkeK . 

karmak;gaymanTRmg;CaeRcInepSg²Kña ³ 

kardak;[enAdac;EtÉg nigkarbdiesF - karbMEbk[rs;enAdac;edayELkBIRKYsar nigGñk 

Citxag . GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUv)anbgçM[rs;enAEtmñak;Ég nigeRbIR)as;smÖar³edayELk Edl 

TegVIEbbenH KWbNþalmkBIPaBmineGIeBI nigkarP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_ . ]TahrN_ ³ q3/ 

q4/ q5/ q6/ q7 

kartiHedol nigkarsþIbenÞas - karniyayedIm karehAeQμaHEbbminsmrmü karniyaybBaÄW . 

tiHedolGñkdéTcMeBaH { karRbRBwtþminl¥} rbs;BYkeK . ]TahrN_ ³ q1/ q14 

karmak;gayxøÜnÉg - GaRs½yedayRbtikmμénkarmak;gayBIsgÁm bNþal[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

mak;gayxøÜnÉg . BYkeKTTYlykkarsþIbenÞas nigkarbdiesFBIsgÁm ehIyBYkeKpþac;xøÜnBIGñk 

déT . ]TahrN_ ³ q2/ q4/ q6 

karmak;gay tamry³karmanTMnak;TMngCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ - kumarmYycMnYnTTYlrgkar 

mak;gay GaRs½yeday«Bukmþayrbs;BYkeKmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤søab;edaysarCmWeGds_ . 

]TahrN_ ³ q17/ q18 

\T§iBlmYycMnYnénkarmak;gay rYmman ³ 

karxμaseGon nigkar)at;bg;TMnukcitþ . manGarmμN_fa GñkdéTQb;TTYlykBYkeK . 

manGarmμN_eRkomRkM Éeka TTYlrgkarbdiesF Gs;sgÇwm manmnÞilsgS½ycMeBaHxøÜnÉg . 

manGarmμN_>>>>> 

enAesom edIm,IeCosvagkarykcitþTukdak;dl;BYkeK 

296

CMBUk q 

karerIseGIg - GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUv)anbeNþjecjBIRKYsar kargar GgÁkar .l. 

GñkEdlKitfa BYkeKmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ )armÖGMBIGIVEdlGñkdéTnwgeFIVeTAelIBYkeK dUecñH BYkeK 

minRBmeFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ nigminR)ab;GñkdéT RBmTaMgEsVgrkCMnYy karKaMRT nigkar 

Büa)al . 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_EtgTTYlrgkarsþIbenÞascMeBaHkarEdlBYkeKqøgemeraKeGds_ . eyIgRtUvKaMRT 

BYkeK minEmnsþIbenÞasBYkeKenaHeT . 

297

q>2 ehtuGIV)anCaeyIgTukGñkdéT[enA 

EtÉg? xøacemeraKeGds_? 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;rkmUlehtumYycMnYn EdlRbCaCndak;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_[rs;enAdac;edayELk 

Bnül;GMBIrebobEdlemeraKeGds_qøg nigminqøg 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

rUbPaBEdlCa]bkrN_sRmab;eRbIR)as; ³ q3 q5 q6 q11 q17 

rUbPaBdéTeTot edIm,Ibgðaj ³ 

skmμPaBEdlGaccmøgemeraKeGds_ ¬rUbPaBcMnYn3¦ 

skmμPaBEdlminGaccmøgemeraKeGds_ - cab;éd ekoksμa GgÁúytuCamYyKña jaMsáRKab;CamYyKña 

¬rUbPaBcMnYn3¦ 

CMhan 

1> bitpÞaMgrUbPaBTaMg 6snøwk nigsYrsMnYrfa- ehtuGIV)anCamnusSmYycMnYnRtUv)aneKdak;[enA 

dac;EtÉg b¤TTYlrgkarbdiesF 

q3³ ehtuGIV)anCam©as;pÞHCYlbeNþjRKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_ecjBIpÞH? 

q5³ ehtuGIV)anCabursmñak;enH GgÁúyEtmñak;ÉgenAelIrfynþRkug? 

q6³ ehtuGIV)anCa«BukenAkñúgRKYsarenH TTYlTanGaharEtmñak;Ég? 

298

CMBUk q 

q11³ ehtuGIV)anCaKilanubdæayikaBak;m:as; nigeRsaméd? 

q17³ ehtuGIV)anCaeKmin[kumaramñak;enHelg)al;Tat;CamYy? 

q3³ ehtuGIV)anCam©as;pÞHCYlbeNþjRKYsar 

EdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_ 

ecjBIpÞH? 

q11³ ehtuGIV)anCaKilanubdæayika 

Bak;m:as; nigeRsaméd? 

q5³ ehtuGIV)anCabursmñak;enH 

GgÁúyEtmñak;ÉgenAelIrfynþRkug? 

q18³ ehtuGIV)anCaeKmin[kumaramñak;enH 

elg)al;Tat;CamYy? 

q6³ ehtuGIV)anCa«BukenAkñúgRKYsarenH 

TTYlTanGaharEtmñak;Ég? 

299

q>2 

ehtuGIV)anCaeyIgTukGñkdéT[enAEtÉg? xøacemeraKeGds_? 

kt;RtacemøIyrbs;BYkeK. 

CYy[Rkumyl;fa mUlehtucm,gEdlsßitenABIeRkaykardak;[enAdac;edayELkEtÉg ¬kar 

mak;gay¦ enAkñúg RKb;rUbPaBTaMgGs;enH KWbNþalmkBIkarP½yxøac EdlsMedAcMeBaHkarP½yxøac 

qøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³TMnak;TMngragkayCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

cUrBnül;fa karP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³karb:HBal; KWBuMRtwmRtUveLIy - GñkminGacqøg 

emeraKeGds_ edayRKan;Etb:HmnusSmñak;eTotenaHeT . GñkminGacqøgemeraKeGds_ edaykarGgÁúy 

rYmKñaenAkñúgfñak;eron b¤enAelIrfynþRkug b¤karTTYlTanGaharCamYyKña b¤karelgkILa)al;Tat; 

CamYyKñaenaHeT . 

lMhat;sRmab;eFIVenApÞH 

esñI[kumarykrUbPaBTaMg5snøwkeTApÞH nigBiPakSaCamYy«Bukmþay bgRbus nigbgRsIrbs;BYkeK 

etIGñkGacqøgemeraKeGds_tamry³skmμPaBTaMgenHEdrb¤eT ? 

300

301 

CMBUk q

q>3 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBlEdl 

eGds_cUlpÞH? ¬karbgðajrUbPaB 

nigkarbegáItsac;erOg¦ 


! lMhat; q3 nig q4 RKbdNþb;eTAelIbBaðadUcKña KWrebobEdlemeraKeGds_ bgá[manplb:HBal; 

eTAelIRKYsar bu:EnþlMhat;TaMgenaHeRbIR)as;bec©keTsepSg²Kña ³ 

lMhat; q3 eRbIR)as;karbgðajrUbPaB nigkarbegáItsac;erOg ¬KYrGnuvtþsRmab;kumarfñak;TI1-5¦ 

lMhat; q4 eRbIR)as;sac;erOg nigkarBiPakSa ¬KYrGnuvtþsRmab;kumarEdlmanv½yeRcInCagenH - 

kRmitviTüal½y¦ 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;rk\T§iBlmYycMnYneTAelIRKYsarenAeBlEdlnrNamñak;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

ÉkPaBeTAelIrebobEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

RkumeKaledA 

kumareronfñak;TI 1 rhUtdl;TI 5 

smÖar³ 

karbgðajrUbPaB - rUbPaBéntYGgÁCabuKÁl EdlbgðajGMBItYGgÁ «Buk mþay kumarav½yCMTg; kumarI 

v½yCMTg; nigkumar Edl manv½yekμgCagenH 

CMhan 

EbgEcksikçakamCa 4Rkum . EckbNþúMb½NÑrUbPaB nigesñI[RkumTaMgGs;begáItsac;erOgmYyGMBI 

RKYsarrbs;BYkeK . R)ab;RkumnimYy²GMBIrebobcab;epþImsac;erOg . 

302

CMBUk CMBUk q C 

Rkum k - sac;erOgviC¢manGMBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ³ 

«BukpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . enAeBlEdlmþaydwgGMBIbBaðaenH Kat;)anyk«BukeTAmnÞIreBTü RBmTaMg 

EfTaM nigelIkTwkcitþKat; . Kat;min)anERskKMhkdak;«BukeLIy . cUrbnþsac;erOgenH . 

Rkum x - sac;erOgGviC¢manGMBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ³ 

«BukpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . mþayxwgCaxøaMg ehIy)anERsk[Kat; . mþaysþIbenÞas«BukcMeBaHkarbMpøaj 

RKYsar . mþayR)ab;«Buk[enAkñúgbnÞb;rbs;Kat;Etmñak;Ég . kUnRKb;rUbmanGarmμN_ eRkomRkMCaxøaMg . 

cUrbnþsac;erOgenH . 

Rkum K - sac;erOgviC¢manGMBIGñkcak;eRKOgejón ³ 

kUnRbusmñak;Edlmanv½yCMTg;)ankøayeTACaejóneRKOgejón . mþay)anykkUnRbusrbs;Kat;eTA 

CYbGñkpþl;RbwkSaenAÉmNÐlsuxPaB . Kat;EfTaM nigelIkTwkcitþkUnRbusrbs;Kat;[ Qb;eRbIR)as; 

eRKOgejón . Kat;elIkTwkcitþkUnRbusrbs;Kat;[cUlrYmelgkILa nigskmμPaBdéTeTot . cUrbnþ 

sac;erOgenH . 

Rkum X - sac;erOgGviC¢manGMBIGñkcak;eRKOgejón ³ 

kUnRbusmñak;Edlmanv½yCMTg;)ankøayeTACaejóneRKOgejón . «Buk nigmþay ERskKMhk nig)an 

THkMepøógkUnRbusrbs;BYkeK . BYkeK)ancak;esarkUnRbusrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgbnÞb;min[ecjeRkA . BYkeK 

benÞaskUnRbusrbs;xøÜncMeBaHkarbMpøajkitþiysRKYsar . cUrbnþsac;erOgenH . 

enAeBlEdlRkumTaMgGs;)anbBa©b;kargarenHrYcral; cUresñI[BYkeKR)ab;GMBIsac;erOgEdlBYkeK)an 

begáIteLIg . bnÞab;mkcUrsYrsMnYrxageRkam ³ 

etIerOgnimYy²manGIVxusKñaxøH? 

etImanGIVxusKñaenAkñúgsac;erOgviC¢man? 

etImanGIVxøHEdlGacCYyRKYsarTaMgenaH[manPaBsb,ayrIkrayCafμImþgeTot? 

segçb ³ bBa©b;emeronedayeFVIesckþIsegçbcMNucsMxan;²Edlsikçakam)anelIkeLIgkñúglMhat;enH. 

303

q>4 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBl 

EdleGds_cUlpÞH? 

¬dMeNIrerOg nigkarBiPakSa¦ 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;rk\T§iBlmYycMnYneTAelIRKYsarenAeBlEdlnrNamñak;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

ÉkPaBeTAelIrebobEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds__ 

RkumeKaledA 

kumareronenAviTüal½y 

smÖar³ 

sac;erOgxageRkam 

CMhan 

1> Ecksac;erOgcMnYnBIr nigesñI[RkumTaMgGs;Gan RBmTaMgeFIVkarBiPakSa . etIBYkeKyl;eXIjdUcemþc 

GMBIsac;erOg nigreboblkçN³EdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TTYlrgkarRbRBwtþBIRKYsarrbs;BYkeK? 

sac;erOg k ³ 

®sþImñak;eTIbdwgfa nagmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . enAeBlEdlRKYsarrbs;nagdwgGMBIbBaðaenH kUnrbs; 

nagRtUv)aneKbMEbkykeTArs;enACamYy«Bukmþayrbs;nag . éfmYynagnwkkUnrbs;nagxøaMgeBk 

dUecñH nagk¾)aneTApÞHrbs;«Bukmþaynag edIm,ICYbkUn . enAeBlEdlnageXIjkUnRsIrbs;nag Edl 

manGayu 4qñaM nagk¾sÞúHeTA»bekμgRsItUcmñak;enaH bu:EnþkUnRsIrbs;nag)anbdiesF ehIyniyayfa 

{ kuMb:H´ . ma:k;ÉgekIteGds_ . ma:k;ÉgnwgcmøgeGds_mk´ . } ®sþImñak;enHk¾Rsk;TwkEPñk . 

304

CMBUk q CMBUk C 

sac;erOg x ³ 

bursv½yekμgmñak;eTIbdwgfa Kat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . dMbUg Kat;lak;)aMgbBaðarbs;Kat; BIRbBn§ 

nigRKYsarrbs;Kat;. éfmYy Kat;)andwgGMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ b:uEnþmaneKR)ab;Kat;fa »sf 

enaHmantémøéføxøaMgNas;. Kat;k¾seRmccitþR)ab;RbBn§ bgRbus nigbgRsIrbs;Kat;GMBIsßanPaB 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;Kat;. CMnYs[karsþIbenÞas nigkarefáaleTasKat; GñkTaMgGs;Kña)anpþl;kar 

KaMRTcMeBaHKat;CaxøaMg. BYkeK)anyl;RBm CYyecjéfø»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_[Kat; nigEsVgrk 

B½t’manbEnßmGMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ . BYkeK EfmTaMgeTAmnÞIreBTü nigCYysYrsMnYredIm,IEsVg 

yl;bEnßmGMBI»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_eTotpg . knøgmk Kat;mansPaBsÁmsÁaMg nigGs;sgÇwm 

kñúgCIvit . bu:Enþ edaymankarKaMRTBIRKYsar nigkarBüa)aleday»sf RbqaMgemeraKeGds_ Kat;)an 

ERbkøayeTACamanPaBrIkray nigviC¢mankñúgCIvitrbs;Kat; . 

2> karBiPakSa ³ 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgxøHenAkñúgsac;erOgnimYy²? ehtuGIV? 

etIsac;erOgTaMgBIrmanPaBxusKñaRtg;NaxøH nigehtuGIV? 



niyay. 

enAkñúgsac;erOg k «Bukmþayrbs;®sþImñak;enaH )anmak;gaynag ehIy)ancat;TukCafa CakarKMram 

kMEhgmYyeTAelIBYkeK nigkUnRsIrbs;nag . BYkeKP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_tamry³TMnak;TMng 

ragkayCamYy®sþImñak;enaH . BYkeKEfmTaMg)anRBmanekμgRsItUcfa min[b:HBal;mþayrbs;nag . 

TegVIEbbenH eFIV[®sþImñak;enHmankarQWcab; RBmTaMgbNþal[man\T§iBlGviC¢maneTAelIsuxPaB 

rbs;nag . 

enAkúñgsac;erOg x RbBn§ nigRKYsar man\riyabfepSgKñavij . BYkeKmankarTTYlykRbesIrCag 

nigpþl;karKaMRT y:agskmμ ¬]> Bak;B½n§eTAnwg»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¦ . \riyabfKaMRTrbs;BYkeK 

eFIV[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ manGarmμN_RbesIreLIgcMeBaHxøÜnKat; ehIysuxPaBrbs;Kat;k¾)anRbesIr 

eLIgpgEdr . 

305

q>5 yuT§nakarCak;lak;RbqaMgkarmak;gay 

eKalbMNg 


CECkGMBIRKalM)akrbs;BYkeK 

BinitüemIleTAelIbTBiesaFn_mYycMnYnrbs;BYkeK 

CECkGMBIGIVEdl)anCYyBYkeKedaHRsaybBaðaenAkñúgsßanPaBTaMgenaH 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

40 naTI 

smÖar³ 

Rkdas/ exμAédKUl½r/ hVWt/ exμAéd 

CMhan 

1> karKUrrUbPaB ³ esñI[kumarKitGMBIRKalM)akmYykñúgCIvitrbs;BYkeK - KWGIVmüa:gEdl)anekIteLIg 

CaeBlevlamYy d¾GaRkk;enAeBlEdlBYkeKmanGarmμN_minl¥ . esñI[kumarmñak;²KUrrUbPaB 1snøwk 

edIm,IbgðajGMBIGIVEdl)anekIteLIg . 

xN³eBlEdlkumarkMBugKUrrUbPaB esñI[BYkeKeFIVkarBnül;GMBIrUbPaBrbs;BYkeK . 

306

CMBUk q 

enAeBlEdlrUbPaBTaMgGs;RtUv)anKUrrYcral; cUrbitrUbPaBTaMgenaHenAelICBa¢aMg nigesñI[kumarmk 

emIlrUbPaBTaMgGs;enaH . BYkeKGacsYrsMnYreTAkan;KñaeTAvijeTAmk RbsinebIBYkeKBuMsUvyl;c,as; 

GMBIrUbPaBNamYy . 

2> kareFIVkargarCaKU nigb½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnit ³ esñI[kumarKitGMBIGIVEdl)anCYyBYkeK[qøgkat; 

RKad¾GaRkk;enaH . etInrNa b¤GIVEdl)anpþl;kþIsgÇwm nigkarKaMRTdl;BYkeK ? esñI[KUnimYYy² eFIVkar 

BiPakSa nigsresrcemøIyrbs;BYkeKenAelIb½NÑ . bitb½NÑTaMgenaHenAelICBa¢aMg . KYresñI[kumar 

tUc²bgðajGMBIKMnitrbs;BYkeKedaypÞal;mat; . 

3> karsEmþgtYGgÁ ³ EcgEcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² nigesñI[RkumnimYy²eRCIserIsykviFImYykñúg 

cMeNamviFInana EdlCYy[BYkeKqøgkat;RKaGaRkk;mYyBIGtItkal nigbegáItCakarsEmþgtYGgÁmYy 

edIm,IbgðajGMBIrebobEdlviFIenaH GacCYykumarkñúgsßanPaBlM)ak . esñI[RkumTaMgGs;Gnuvtþkar 

sEmþgtYGgÁrbs;BYkeK . bnÞab;BIkarsEmþgtYGgÁ nimYy² cUrsYrsMnYrxageRkam ³ 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIg enAkñúgkarsEmþgtYGgÁenH? 

etImanGIVxøHEdl)anCYYydl;kumar? 

etIeyIgGacCYydl;kumar[edaHRsaybBaðakñúgsßanPaBEbbenHy:agdUcemþc? 

307

q>6 etIktþaGIVxøHEdlnaM[manmitþPaBl¥? 


! enAeBlEdlkumarRtUv)ansYrsMnYrGMBIGIVEdl)anCYyBYkeKkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðakarmak;gay BYkeK 

EtgelIkeLIgGMBI mitþl¥ Edl)anCYydl;BYkeK . lMhat;enH ksagbEnßmeTAelIRbFanbTenH . 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;rkeXIjGMBIrebobEdlmitþPkþiGacCYyBYkeKedaHRsaybBaðakñúgsßanPaBlM)ak 

kMNt;rkeXIjGMBIrebobEdlBYkeKGaceFIVCamitþl¥rbs;kumardéTeTot enAeBlEdlkumarTaMgGs; 

enaHmanbBaða 

yl;GMBIKuNtémø nigtYnaTIrbs;mitþPkþi 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

45 naTI 

smÖar³ 

RkdasKUsrUb/ exμAéd/ b‘íc/ hVIt 

CMhan 

1> enAkñúgRkumtUc² cUresñI[kumarKitGMBIGIV²TaMgLayEdlbegáIt[mannUvmitþPaBl¥ . 

308

CMBUk q 

2> esñI[kumarKUrrUbPaBmYyedIm,ItMNag[mitþPaBl¥mYy - CaKMnUsbgðajGMBIrUbPaBkumara b¤ kumarI enA 

elIpÞaMgRkdas . enAelIpÞaMgrUbPaBenH cUresñI[kumarsresrGMBIGIV²RKb;y:agEdlbegáIt[mannUvmitþ 

PaBl¥mYy . 

3> EckrMElkrUbPaBCamYyRkumFM . 

]TahrN_mYycMnYnénGIVEdlbegáIt[mannUvmitþPaBl¥ 





CYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkkñúgsßanPaBlM)ak . edaHRsaybBaðatUc²CamYyKña . CYyKñakñúgkarsikSa¼kic©kar 

salaeron . elgEl,gkMsanþepSg²CamYyKña . sYrsuxTukçKñaeTAvijeTAmk . CYyKñaenAeBlmanBiFI 

buNüsB nigkmμviFIGbGrepSg² . CYyeFIVkargarKñaeTAvijeTAmk . GP½yeTasnUvkMhusxusqÁgrbs; 

KñaeTAvijeTAmk . minniyayedImGMBIKña b¤R)ab;karsmat;KñaeTAGñkdéT . sYrsuxTukGñkenAeBlEdl 

GñkmanCmW . RbsinebI´Xøan ehIy´KμanGaharTTYlTan éTApÞHrbs;mitþPkþi´ edIm,ITTYlTan 

Gahar . 

309

q>7 ehtuGIV)anCakarmak;gay 

naM[maneRKaHfñak;? ¬erOgesñha¦ 

310 

eKalbMNg 


emIleXIjGMBIrebobEdlkarmak;gayCRmuj[mankarqøgraldalsat;² - karEdleFIV[RbCaCn 

lak;)aMgGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK nigeFIV[GñkdéTRbQmeTAnwghaniP½y 

emIleXIjGMBImUlehtuénsar³sMxan;kñúgkarbBaÄb;karmak;gay 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 ema:g 

CMhan 

1> Gansac;erOgxageRkam[kumarsþab; ³ 

erOgesñha - can; nigcréN ³ 

can; KWCayuvCnv½yekμgmñak;EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . can;RsLaj;narImñak; eQμaH créN bu:Enþ 

Kat;mindwgfa RtUvR)ab; créN faKat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_y:agdUcemþcenaHeT . bnþiceRkaymk 

créN manépÞeBaH ehIy can; mankar)armÖCaxøaMg edayxøacfa créN nwgmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_Edr. 

créN )aneTABinitüépÞeBaHmuneBlsMral ehIybnÞab;BI)aneFIVetsþQamrYcmk créN RtUv)anR)ab; 

fa nagKμanpÞúkemeraKeGds_eT . can; sb,ayrIkrayxøaMgNas; ehIyKat;k¾)andwgpgEdrfa kUn 

enAkñúgépÞrbs; créN k¾KμanpÞúkemeraKeGds_Edr . Kat;cg;erobkarCamYy créN bu:Enþ Kat;mindwgfa 

RtUvR)ab;nagGMBIkarBitcMeBaH karEdlKat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_y:agdUcemþcenaHeT . 


ehtuGIV)anCa can; )armÖcMeBaHkarR)ab; créN GMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;Kat;? 

etIGñKitfa Kat;GacR)ab; créN faKat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_edayrebobNa?

CMBUk q 

enAeBlEdl créN dwgkarBit etIGñkKitfa nagnwgeFIVdUcemþc? etInagnwgerobkarCamYy can; 

b¤cakecjBIKat;? 

bnÞab;mk cUrEbgEcksikçakamCaBIrRkum - Rkum k nig x KYrBiPakSaGMBIGIVEdl can; KYreFIV dayELkRkum 

K nigX KYrBiPakSaGMBIGIVEdl créN KYreFIV . 

3> erobcM[mankarpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb; . 


etIkarmak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_ bgá[manplb:HBal;dl;qnÞ³rbs;mnusSkñúgkarR)ab;Gñk 

déTfa BYkeKmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ y:agdUcemþc? 

etIkarmak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_ bgá[mankarbnþqøgraldalénemeraKeGds_y:agdUcemþc? 



niyay. 

karP½yxøaccMeBaHkarmak;gaybBaÄb;GñkEdlsgS½yfa xøÜneKmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_BI ³ 

kareFIVetsþQam 

karebIkcMhrGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_eTAédKU . can; mankarP½yxøackñúgkarR)ab; créN 

GaRs½y edayKat;Kitfa Kat;nwg)at;bg;nag RbsinebInagdwgGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs; 

Kat; dUecñH Kat;k¾rkSaPaBesómsat; . TegVIEbbenH eFIV[ créN RbQmeTAnwghaniP½ykñúgkar 

qøgemeraKeGds_ . 

TTYlkarBüa)alsRmab;CmWdéTeTot . ¬RbsinebIsuxPaBrbs;mnusSmñak;cuHexSayedaysar 

emeraKeGds_ Kat;kan;EtmanPaBebIkcMhrkñúgkarqøgCmWdéTeTot .¦ 

karebIkcMhr nigkarTTYlkarpþl;RbwkSa karEfTaM nigkarKaMRT . GaRs½yedayxøackarmak;gay 

mnusSeyIgmankarP½yxøackñúgkarR)ab;GñkdéT[dwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK . BYkeKGaceKc 

putBIkarmak;gay bu:EnþBYkeKenAEtbnþmanCmW esómsat; nigrs;enAmñak;Ég . 

karP½yxøackarmak;gaybNþal[mankarlak;)aMgGMBIbBaðaemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ . 

RbsinebIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TTYl)ankarRbtibtþiedaysmμancitþl¥ karKaMRT nigkarEfTaM BYkeK 

nwgTMngCaeTAeFIVetsþQam ebIkcMhrsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeKeTA[RKYsar)andwg nig 

mankarRbugRby½tñenA kñúgTMnak;TMngpøÚvePTrbs;BYkeK . 

311

q>8 lMhat;bBa¢ak;GMBIKuNtémø 


! lMhat;enH CYyBRgwgbEnßmeTAelIGIVEdlRtUv)ansikSaeronsURtenAkñúglMhat; q2 EdlepþatelIkar 

mak;gay EdlmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgkarP½yxøac nigkarBitCak;EsþgCamUldæanmYycMnYnGMBIkarcmøg 

emeraKeGds_ . BMenalCaeRcInmanmUldæanEp¥kelIkarP½yxøacGMBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³ 

TMnak;TMngragkay . lMhat;enH RtUv)anksageLIgbEnßmeTot CuMvijkic©karEdldak;[kumarykeTA 

eFIVenAÉpÞH bnÞab;mkRtUvBinitüemIleLIg vijeTAelIGIVEdlkumar)anGnuvtþenAÉpÞH . 

eKalbMNg 


viPaKeTAelIBMenalmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigBinitüemIleTAelImUlehtu Edl 

bBa¢ak;faBMenalTaMgenaHxus 

emIleXIjGMBIreboblkçN³EdlsiT§imnusSrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_EtgRtUv)anbdiesF 

GaRs½yedaykarmak;gay 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 ema:g 

smÖar³ 

ÉksarEckCUnmYyTMB½r GMBIBMenal ¬xageRkam¦ 

312

CMBUk q 

CMhan 

EckÉksar 1snøwk EdlmanBMenalTaMgGs;xageRkam CUndl;sikçakamnimYy² . esñI[BYkeKeFIVkar 

seRmccitþfaetI BMenalNaxøH RtUv b¤ xus ehIyenH KWCalMhat;sRmab;[BYkeKykeTAeFIVenAÉpÞH . 

esñI[sikçakamykbBa¢IBMenalenH eTApÞH edIm,IBiPakSamYy«Bukmþay nigbgb¥Únrbs;BYkeK . 

1> KYrGnuBaØat[kumarpÞúkemeraKeGds_eTAsalaeron . 

2> RbsinebIkumarmñak;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KYrR)ab;kumardéTeTotenAkñúgfñak;eronfaetI 

kumarpÞúkemeraKeGds_ mñak;enaHCanrNa . 

3> RbsinebIkumarmñak;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RKUbeRgonKYr[kumarenaHeTAGgÁúyenAkEnøgmYy 

epSgeTotenAkñúgfñak; ¬qayBIkumardéT¦ . 

4> KYrdak;kumarpÞúkemeraKeGds_[eronCamYyKñaenAkñúgfñak;mYy . 

5> KYrGnuBaØat[kumarpÞúkemeraKeGds_elgCamYykumardéTeTot . 

6> RbsinebIGñkelgCamYykumar EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ GñknwgminqøgemeraKeGds_BI 

kumarenaHeLIy . 

7> RbsinebIGñkGgÁúyEk,rkumarpÞúkemeraKeGs_ GñkKYrecosvagb:HBal;ragkaykumarmñak;enaH. 

8> RbsinebI«BukmþaypÞúkemeraKeGds_ kUn² nigsac;jati KYrEfTaMBYkeK . 

9> shKmn_KYrEfTaMkumarpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

10> kumarpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KYrTTYlTanGahar Twk nigTTYlTandMeNkdac;edayELkBIGñk 

déT . 

11> KYrRbtibtþicMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_[dUcKñaeTAnwgGñkEdlekItCmWdéTeTot dUcCa CmW 

RKunpþasay b¤raKrUs. 

12> kumarEdlrs;enACamYy«BukmþaypÞúkemeraKeGds_ KYrykecjBIpÞH[eTArs;enACamYy 

sac;jatirbs;BYkeK. 

313

q>8 


éfbnÞab; ³ EckRkdascemøIyRtwmRtUv nigesñI[sikçakamBinitüemIleLIgvijeTAelIcemøIyrbs;BYkeK . 

bnÞab;mk cUreFIVkarBiPakSa . 

RtwmRtUv - BMenal 1/ 5/ 6/ 8/ 9/ 11 

xus - BMenal 2/ 3/ 4/ 6/ 7/ 10/ 12 

segçb ³ 

BMenalEdl { xus } PaKeRcInEp¥kelIkarP½yxøac nigkgVHcMeNHdwgGMBIemeraKeGds_ . BMenalTaMgenH 

snñidæanfa mnusSGacqøgemeraKeGds_tamry³TMnak;TMngFmμtaCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . karyl;eXIj 

EbbenH minRtwmRtUvenaHeT ehIyKYreFIVkarKUsbBa¢ak;edayRbugRby½tñ . mnusSmñak;minGacqøgemeraKeGds_ 

edaykarR)aRs½yTak;TgFmμtaCamYy GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤kUnrbs;BYkeKeLIy . 

edIm,ICYYykumar[yl;GMBImUlehtu EdlBMenalTaMgenHminRtwmRtUv cUrerobcM[BYkeKBiPakSaGMBIplvi)akén 

BMenal TaMgenaH . ]TahrN_ BMenalTI12 eBalfa KYrCemøóskumarecjBI«BukmþayEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIGñkcg;rs;enAEbkBI«Bukmþayrbs;Gñkb¤eT?} 

minKYrbMEbkkumarBI«Bukmþayrbs;BYkeKeLIy GaRs½yedaykumarBuMmankarRbQmGIVenaHeT . BYkeKminGac 

qøgemeraKeGs_BI «Bukmþay tamry³TMnak;TMngragkayeLIy . 

314

315 

CMBUk q

q>9 

GarmμN_EdlTTYl)anBIkarmak;gay 

eKalbMNg 


! BN’naGMBIbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnmYycMnYnrbs;BYkeK EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarmak;gay 

kMNt;rkGarmμN_mYycMnYnEdlBak;B½n§ kñúgkarEdlTTYlrgkarmak;gay 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 ema:g 

CMhan 

1> bTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;eyIgkñúgkarTTYlrgkarmak;gay ¬karqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIbuKÁl¦³ 

esñI[kumarbiTEPñkrbs; BYkeK nigbnÞab;mkcUrniyayfa {cUrKitGMBIRKamYykñúgCIvitrbs;BYkeK enA 

eBlEdlGñkdéTeFIV)abGñkFn;Fr bdiesF b¤ ehAeQμaHGñkEbbminsmrmü} . cUrBnül;fa lMhat; 

enH mincaM)ac;tRmUv[elIkCa]TahrN_énkarmak;gaycMeBaHemeraKeGds_enaHeT vaGacCaTRmg; 

NamYyénkardak;[enAdac;EtÉg b¤karbdiesFkñúgkarEdleKemIlmkeyIgfaxusEbøkBIeK . esñI[ 

BYkeKKitGMBIbTBiesaFn_rbs;BYkeK { etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgxøH? etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc? etIva 

)anbNþal[manplb:HBal;GIVxøHeTAelIrUbGñk?} 

2> karEckrMElkCaKU ³ 2-3 naTIeRkaymk esñI[kumareFIVkarEckrMElkGMBIGIVEdl)anekIteLIg 

CaKU . { cUrniyay eTAkan;kumardéTmñak;eTot EdlGñkmanGarmμN_sñiT§sñalCamYykumarmñak;enaH . } 

3> karpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb; ³ bnÞab;mkRbmUlKUnimYy²[cUlrYmCaRkumFM nigsYrsMnYr ³ 

316

CMBUk q 

etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc enAeBlEdlGñkTTYlrgkarmak;gay? etIGarmμN_TaMgenaHmanGIVxøH? 

]TahrN_ ³ xμaseGon Gab;»n manGarmμN_minl¥ RtUv)aneKTat;ecal RtUv)aneKbdiesF minsb,ay 

citþ . 

cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIGñkeronsURt)anGIVxøHBIlMhat;enH?} 



niyay. 

lMhat;enHCYyeyIg[TTYl)annUvkaryl;dwgGMBIGarmμN_Epñkxagkñúg KWGarmμN_EdlTTYlrgkar 

mak;gay - xμaseGon b¤TTYlrgkarbdiesF . 

GarmμN_TaMgenaHQWcab;xøaMgNas; . mnusSTTYlrgkarQWcab;y:agFn;Fr . 

GarmμN_EbbenH sßitenAsßitesßryUrGEgVg . 

karmak;gaybMpøajTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉgrbs;mnusS . mnusScab;epþImmanmnÞilsgS½y nigs¥b;xøÜnÉg . 

BYkeK manGarmμN_ÉekaCaxøaMg enAeBlEdlBYkeKkMBugRtUvkarkarKaMRT nigkarEhrhmBIGñkdéT . 

karTTYlrgkarmak;gay eFIV[mnusSmanGarmμN_minl¥ . dUecñH BYkeKcg;lak;)aMgGMBIsßanPaBrbs; 

BYkeK nig minniyayeTAkan;GñkdéT . 

lMhat;sRmab;eFIVenApÞH ³ 

kñúgnamCakumar etIeyIgGaceFIVGIVxøHedIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgRbePTénkarerIseGIgenH? 

1> cUrniyayCamYy«Bukmþayrbs;GñkGMBIGIVEdlGñkGaceFIV)an nigpþl;cemøIydl;BYkeyIgenAéfEs¥k. 

2> niyayCamYymitþPkþi b¤smaCikRKYsarrbs;Gñk GMBIGIVEdlGñk)aneronsURtGMBIkarmak;gay . CRmuj 

[BYkeKniyayGMBIbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜn kñúgkarTTYlrgkarbdiesF b¤esIccMGk edIm,ICYy[BYkyl; 

GMBIGarmμN_EdlRtUv)aneKmak;gay . 

317

q>10 skmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gay etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøH? 

- 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énvKÁenH kumarnwgGacEsVgrkviFIbBaÄb;karmak;gay nigelIkkm karENnaM³ BinitüeLIgvijeTAelIkarBiPakSaGMBIkarmak;gay nigrebobEdlkarmak;gaybgáPaB 

QWcab;dl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigkUnrbs;BYkeK . enAkñúgvKÁenH eyIgnwgBiPakSaGMBIGIVEdleyIgGac 

eFIV)an edIm,IkarbBaÄb;karmak;gay . 

318 


Qb;eRbIR)as;BaküEdlmanGtßn½yGviC¢man¼tiHedol enAeBlEdleyIgniyayGMBIGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ b¤ kUnrbs;BYkeK . 

Fanafa kUnrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TTYl)ankarRbtibtþiesμIPaBKñakñúgsalaeron . 

elgCamYykUnrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIyR)ab;kumardéTeTotfa vaKμanbBaðaGIVenaHeT kñúgkar 

EdleyIgelgCamYyBYkeK . 

eTAelgpÞHrbs;BYkeK nigGeBa¢IjBYkeK[mkelgpÞHrbs;eyIg . 

beRgonGñkdéTGMBIrebobqøgénemeraKeGds_ ¬nigrebobminqøg¦ . CYy[BYkeKemIleXIjfa Kμan 

ehtuplNamYy EdlRtUvP½yxøackñúgkarR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤kUnrbs; 

BYkeKeLIy .

CMBUk q 


bBaÄb;smaCikRKYsar enAeBlEdlBYkeKdak;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_[enAdac;EtÉgenAkñúgpÞH b¤ 

salaeron . 

RbtibtþicMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_kñúglkçN³dUcKñaeTAnwgkarEdlGñkeFIVcMeBaHGñkdéTeTotEdr - 

KWminRtUv[manPaBxusKñaGIVeLIy . 

pþl;smμancitþl¥ karKaMRT nigPaBsukdumcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

2> cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøH edIm,IbBaÄb;karmak;gay? } 



niyay. 

karbBaÄb;karmak;gay TamTar[mankic©xitxMBICnRKb;rUb . cMNuccab;epþIm KWRtUvpøas;bþÚr rebob 

EdleyIgKit niyay nigeFIVskmμPaBcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigkUnrbs;BYkeK . CadMbUg eyIg 

RtUvpøas;bþÚr\riyabfrbs;eyIg - reboblkçN³EdleyIgKit nigmanGarmμN_cMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ nigkUnrbs;BYkeK . RtUv RbtibtþicMeBaHBYkeK kñúglkçN³dUcKñaeTAnwgGñkdéTeTotEdr . 

bnÞab;BIeyIg)anpøas;bþÚrxøÜnÉgehIy eyIgGacGb;rMGñkdéT . kargarenH tRmUv[manesckþIkøahan 

edIm,IeRkakQr nigRbqaMgGñkdéT enAeBlEdlBYkeKmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ EdlenH 

KWCaviFIsa®sþ müa:gedIm,IbBaÄb;karmak;gay . karCRmuj[RbCaCnniyayedayebIkcMhr KWCa 

CMhandMbUgmYyd¾FM . 

cuHCYbGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigminRtUvmak;gayBYkeKenaHeT . BYkeKskþismnwgTTYlkareKarB nig 

karKaMRTBIeyIg . enAeBlEdlBYkeKmanGarmμN_fa RtUv)aneKTTYlyk BYkeKnwgkan;EtmanPaB 

ebIkcMhrkñúgkar BiPakSaGMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeKCamYYyGñkdéT RBmTaMgTTYlykkarKaMRTEdlBYkeK 

RtUvkar nigskþismnwg TTYl)anBIshKmn_ . 

KMnitskmμPaB ³ 

niyayCamYykumardéTeTot GMBIGIVEdlGñkGaceFIV)an edIm,IbBaÄb;karmak;gaykñúgsalaeron . etI 

GñkGaceFIV[salaeronKμankarmak;gayedayrebobNa? 

319

q>10 

skmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gay - etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøH? 

sac;erOgbEnßm - erOgekμgRsItUc 

emXkMBugePøógy:agxøaMg ehIy´kMBugebIkmU:tUeTAsalabzmsikSaedIm,IykkUnRbusrbs;´ . enAeBl 

EdléTAdl; salaeron ćab;GarmμN_eXIjekμgRsItUcmñak; GayuRbmaN 7qñaM . ekμgRsItUcmñak;enaH 

TTwkePøógeCaK ehIynagkMBugyksøwkeQITTUlk,alrbs;nag . ekμgRsItUcmñak;enaH édmçagkMBug 

kan;Es,keCIgEdldac;rEhk . eXIjsßanPaB ekμgRsId¾EsnlM)akEbbenH eFIV[´manGarmμN_ 

eRkomRkMCaxøaMg Edlhak;bIdUcCamankaMbitcak;TRmuHebHdUg´dUecñaHEdr. kUnRbusrbs;´)anmkdl; 

ehIyENnaMekμgRsItUcmñak;enaH[´sÁal; . nagmaneQμaH hug . kUnRbusrbs;´)ansuM[CYy CUnnag 

eTApÞH . 

enAeBlenaH ´dwgfa hug k¾rs;enAEk,rpÞHrbs;Édr . pÞHrbs;nagmancmay 700Em:RtBIpÞHrbs; 

´bu:eNÑaH . muneBl EdlélIk hug [GgÁúyelImU:tU ´)anlW®sþIcMNas;mñak;ERskedaykþIxwgsm,ar 

fa {Tuk[vaenAEtÉgeTA . RKan;EtQrhalePøógbu:NÑwgvamingab;eT ehIyebIvagab;eTA smnwg´FUr 

xøÜnbnþicEdr . } ®sþImñak;enaH KWCaCIdUnrbs; hug - Camþay rbs;«Buknag . bnÞab;BI´)aneFIVKarvkic© 

cMeBaHCIdUnmñak;enaH kUnRbusrbs;´)anrkeXIjviFIedaHRsaysßanPaBenH . kUnRbusrbs;´)anR)ab; 

CIdUnrbs; hug fa éfenaH KWCaéfkMeNItrbs;eK ehIykUnRbusrbs;ćg;GeBa¢Ij hug [eTAcUlrYm 

kñúgBiFIxYbkMeNItrbs;eKEdr . ´manGarmμN_FUrRsal edaysarKMnitqøatévrbs;kUnRbus´ ehIy´k¾ 

)ansuMkarGnuBaØatBI CIdUnrbs;nag[GnuBaØat[nagmkCamYyBYkeyIg . 

ebIeTaHCadUecñHkþI CIdUnrbs;nagenAEtbnþeFIVkarRBman . Kat;)anniyayfa { kuMsUvCitsñiT§CamYyvaeBk 

eRBaHGI«Bukrbs;vasøab;edaysarCmWeGds_ . vaKWCabnÞúkd¾FMbMputrbs;eyIg . eyIgcg;[vasøab; bu:Enþ 

[EtvaminTan;søab; vaenAEtCabnÞúkrbs;eyIgGBa©wg . } 

´)anR)ab;Kat;fa kuM[)armÖGI eRBaHnagnwgmincmøgemeraKeGds_mkBYkeyIgenaHeT . bnÞab;mk´dak; 

ekμgRsImñak;enaHenA elImU:tU ehIyk¾ebIkmU:tUeTApÞH . 

eBleTAdl;pÞH´ ´)anedaHsemøókbMBak; niggUtTwk[nag . ćab;GarmμN_eXIjfa nagmandMe)A nig 

sñamknÞÜlCaeRcInenAelIxøÜn . ńwkeXIjGMBIGIVEdlCIdUnrbs;nag)anniyay ehIyćab;epþImman 

320

CMBUk q 

sac;erOgbEnßm - erOgekμgRsItUc 

GarmμN_P½yxøac . { etInwgmanerOgGIV ekIteLIgcMeBaHrUb´? etIńwgqøgemeraKeGds_Edrb¤eT? } 

kalRKaenaH ´KμandwgGIVTal;EtesaHGMBIemeraKeGds_ . ebIeTaHbICa´mankarP½yxøack¾eday ´)an 

gUtTwksm¥atxøÜn[nagy:ags¥at ehIyÉfmTaMg)anykkEnSgeBaHeKaCUtxøÜn[nageTotpg eRBaH´ 

mincg;[nagpþasaybnÞab;BIgUtTwkehIyenaHeT . bnÞab;BITTYlTanGaharrYc ´)ansYrnagfa ehtuGIV 

)anCanagmansñamknÞÜleRcInemø:HenAelIxøÜn . nag)anR)ab;´fa CIdUnrbs;nagminGnuBaØat[nageKg 

enAkñúgbnÞb;eT . Kat;bgçM[nageKgenAkñúgpÞH)ay . 

«Bukrbs;nagEdlCaGñkcak; nigejóneRKOgejón RtUv)ancab;xøÜn nigbBa¢ÚneTABn§naKar . mþayrbs; 

nagKμankargareFIV . cMNUlEtmüa:grbs; hug KWTTYl)anBItUblk;kaehVtUcmYyenAmuxpÞHrbs;nag . 

hug )aneKgenAÉpÞHrbs;´ ehIy´)ancMGinGaharBIreBl[nagjaM . ´Kitfa RKYsarrbs;ekμgRsIenH 

nwgmkTTYlyknageTApÞHvij . bu:Enþ enAeBlEdlKμannrNamkTTYlnag ´k¾CUnnageTApÞH . 

3ExeRkaymk ´)ancUlrYmkic©RbCuMmYyGMBIeGds_ EdlerobcMeLIgedayshCIB®sþI . smaCiknimYy² 

)aneLIgmkelIevTika nigerobrab;GMBIdMeNIrerOgrbs;BYkeK . ®sþImñak;KWCamþayrbs; hug ehIy´k¾)an 

dwgfa Kat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIyKat;KWCasmaCikmYyrUbrbs;RkumGnaKtPøWsVag ¬RkumKaMRTGñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_¦ . 

´snñidæanfa enHKWCamUlehtuEdlCIdUnrbs; hug )aneFIV)abnag ebIeTaHbICaKat;RbEhlCamin)an 

dwgfa nagmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤Kμank¾eday . mkTl;nwgeBlenH «Bukrbs; hug )ansøab; ehIy 

mþayrbs;nag manCmWFn;Fr . sMNag l¥ shCIB®sþImanqnÞ³pþl;karKaMRTdl;ekμgRsItUcmñak;enH . 

\LÚvenH CIdUnrbs; hug mankaryl;dwgeRcIn nigpþl;karEfTaMdl; hug RbesIrCagmun . 

sac;erOgenH bgðajfa karmak;gaybgákarbMpøicbMpøajFn;FrxøaMgNas; . vaGacbMpøajTMnak;TMng 

nigesckþIRsLaj;kñúgRKYsar . mnusSmYycMnYnGacrujRcankUn b¤ecArbs;BYkeK[eTArkesckþIsøab;eday 

KμankarGaNitGasUr ehIyBYkeK Gaccat;Tukfa mnusSEdlBYkeKRsLaj; faCabnÞúkmYyeTAvij . 

321

]bsm emeraKeGds_ KWCavIrusmü:ag EdlbMpøajRbB½n§PaBsauMrbs;ragkay 


3> emeraKeGds_caM)ac;RtUvcUleTAkñúgEs,k b¤ PñasrMGil edIm,Ibgá[mankarqøgemeraKeGds_ 

4> emeraKeGds_Gacrs;enAy:agyUr enAeRkAsarBagÁkay 



6> TarkTaMgGs; EdlekItBImþayEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_suT§EtqøgemeraKeGds_ 

GñkNaxøH EdlRbQmnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_? 

7> GñkEdlerobkarehIyminGacqøgemeraKeGds_)aneT 






12> mUsxaM 

322

CMBUk q 



14> karbric©aKQam RbsinebI]bkrN_Edl)ansmøab;emeraKehIy RtUv)anykmkeRbIR)as; 

15> kareRbIRcasduseFμjrYmKña CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 



17> mnusSmñak;GacpÞúkemeraKeGds_rab;qñaM muneBlmanCMgWeGds_ 

18> GñkxøHmanemeraKeGds_ bu:Enþ mindwgfaBYkeKman 





emeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_GacBüa)alCa eday³ 



GñkGackarBarxøÜnmin[qøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³³ 







29> TTYlTan[)anl¥ ecosvagCatiRsvwgnig)arI nig ecosvagPaBtantwg 

323

]bsm emeraKeGds_ KWCavIrusmü:ag EdlbMpøajRbB½n§ 

PaBsauMrbs;ragkay 

eKalikarQamsRbePTmü:agmaneQμaHfa 

eKalikar CD4 b¤ eKalikaCMnYy T. eKalikar 

TaMgenHKWCaEpñkmYyy:ag sMxan;énRbB½n§PaBsauM 

rbs;sarBagÁkay KWCaRbB½n§ EdlkarBareyIgmin[man 

CMgW. eKalikar CD4 eRbobbIdUcCarbg CuMvijsarBagÁkayrbs; 

eyIgdUecñaHEdr vakarBarsarBagÁkayBICMgWnana. BYkvavayRbharemeraK EdlcUlmkkñúgsarBagÁkay 

edIm,IkuM[eyIgmanCMgW. enAeBlEdlemeraKeGds_cUlmkkñúgsésQamrbs;mnusSmñak; vanwgvayRbhar 

cUl nig bMpøajeKalikarQams dUecñH eKalikarQamsminGaceFVIkargarrbs;va edIm,I[sarBagÁkay 

enAEtmansuxPaBl¥eToteLIy. bnÞab;mk emeraKekgRbv½Ba©elIRbB½n§PaBsauMEdlcuHexSay ehIy 

vayRbharelIsarBagÁkay. 


CMgWeGds_KWCadMNak;kalx emeraKeGds_caM)ac;RtUvcUleTAkñúgEs,k b¤ PñasrMGil edIm,Ibgá[mankarqøgemeraKeG 

edIm,I[emeraKeGds_Gacqøg)an emeraKeGds_ EdlenAkñúgQam Twkkam b¤ TwkeyanIrbs;GñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_RtUvcUleTAkñúgsarBagÁkay nig cUleTAkñúgsésQamrbs;mnusSmñak;eTot. CaFmμta 

Es,kKWCar)aMgmYymin[mankarcUlRbePTenH bu:Enþ kareFVIdac;Es,k dUcCa mut dMe)A nig rlak Gac 

eFVI[emeraKeGds_qøgcUl nig cUleTAdl;sésQam. emeraKeGds_GacqøgtamEs,k enAelIRbdab; 

bnþBUC dUcCa ligÁ eyanI b¤ rn§KUf enAkñúgeBlrYmePT eRBaHEs,kenAtamkEnøgTaMgenHesþIgxøaMg 

ehIymanrn§tUc² EdlGac[emeraKeGds_cUl)an. karqøgCMgWenAelIRbdab;bnþBUC ¬dUcCa CMgWkameraK¦

CMBUk q 

KWCaviFId¾gayRsYlmYy edIm,I[emeraKeGds_cUleTAkñúgsésQam. dUecñHehIy)anCa GñkEdlman 

CMgWkameraK manhanIP½yqøgemeraKeGds_x emeraKeGds_Gacrs;enAy:agyUr enAeRkAsarBagÁkay 

emeraKeGds_KWCaemeraKEdlgaygab; ehIyminGacrs;enAeRkAsarBagÁkay)anyUreLIy. emeraK 

enHcab;epþImgab;Pøam enAnaTIEdlvab:HRtUvnwgxül;. vaminrs;enAelIEs,kenaHeT - vars;enAxagkñúg 

xøÜnmnusS. 



kareRbIsuIr:agrYmKña eFVI[hanIP½yénkarcmøgemeraKeGds_manx TarkTaMgGs; EdlekItBImþayEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ suT§EtqøgemeraKeGds_ 

manTarkRbEhlCa 2 PaK 3 EdlekItecjBImþaypÞúkemeraKeGds_nwgminqøgemeraK 

enH. enAeBlEdlmanemeraKeGds_kan;EteRcIn enAkñúgQamrbs;mþay TwkedaH 

mþay nig vtßúravgdéTeTot enaHlT§PaBEdlTarkGacqøg emeraKeGds_k¾man 

eRcInEdr. brimaNemeraKeGds_ ¬brimaNemeraK¦ GaRs½yeTAtam 

dMNak;kalrbs;CMgW. brimaNemeraKmanx

]bsm GñkEdlerobkarehIyminGacqøgemeraKeGds_)aneT 

karerobkarehIynwgminbgáarkarqøgemeraKeGds_eLIy. ®sþICaeRcInGacmanPaBesμaHRtg; bu:EnþsVamuI 

rbs;BYkeK rYmePTCamYy®sþIdéTeTot. cMeBaH®sþICaeRcInnak; karerobkarKWCaktþahanIP½ymYyénkar 

qøgemeraKeGds_ edaysarEtBYkeKminGacbdiesFkarrYmePT b¤ [bþIrbs;xøÜneRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y 

ebIeTaHbICaBYkeKdwgfabþIrbs;BYkeKminman PaBesμaHRtg; b¤ manemeraKeGds_ b¤ CMgWkameraKrYceTA 

ehIykþI. 


édKUrbs;GñkGacminmanPaBesμaHRtg;CamYyGñk - b¤ eKGacFøab;manédKUrYmePTEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

muneBlCYbCamYyGñk. 


minfaGñkmansuxPaBl¥kRmitNaenaHeT GñkNak¾GacqøgemeraKeGds_)anEdr. 



emeraKeGds_mankñúgbrimaNeRcIn EtenAkñúgQam Twkkam nig TwkeyanIEtbu:eNÑaH ehIyRtUvcUl 

eTAkñúgsarBagÁkay nig sésQamrbs;mnusSmñak;eTot edIm,IGacqøgeTA)an. emeraKeGds_min 

Gacrs;enAxageRkAsarBagÁkayeLIy. enHKWCamUlehtucMnYn 2 EdleFVI[emeraKeGds_minGacqøg 

tamry³karTTYlTanGahar b¤ pwkCamYyKña ¬b¤ tamry³karcab;éd kareRbIbnÞb;b¤semøókbMBak;rYmKña 

b¤ kareRbIbgÁn;EtmYy¦. 


sUmemIlcemøIyelx 11 

326

CMBUk q 

12> mUsxaM 

Qam EdlmanemeraKeGds_ cUleTAkñúgeBaHrbs;mUs ehIygab;. mUs CBa¢k;QamEtbu:eNÑaH. vamin 

cak;bBa©ÚlQameTAkñúgxøÜnmnusSeLIy. emeraKeGds_kRmmanenAkñúgekμgGayu 5-15 qñaMNas; ebIeTaHbI 

CaekμgenAkñúgRkum GayuenH EtgEtRtUvmUsxaMk¾eday. 



TarkGacqøgemeraKeGds_ enAeBlEdlmþaybMe)AedaHTarkenaH. »kasqøgemeraKeGds_rwtEtman 

x kareRbIRcasduseFμjrYmKña CamYyGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

BuMmanGñkNamñak;GacqøgemeraKenH tamry³kareRbIR)as;RcasduseFμjrYmKñaenaHeLIy. bu:Enþ edaysar 

mUlehtu Gnam½y ykl¥eKminKYreRbIRcasduseFμjrYmKñaenaHeT. 



BuMmaneraKsBaØaNa EdlbgðajfamnusSmñak;manemeraKeGds_enaHeLIy. GñkGacdwg[R)akd tamry³ 

kareFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_. mnusSPaKeRcIn EdlmanemeraKeGds_ minbgðajeraKsBaØaGVI 

TaMgGs;kñúgry³eBlrab;qñaM. bu:Enþ emeraKenHenAEtmanenAkñúgQam ehIyGaccmøgeTAkan;mnusS 

déTeTot. GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_emIleTAdUcCaGñkCMgW EtenAeBlEdlBYkeKmanCMgWeGds_eBjelj 

Etbu:eNÑaH. 

327

]bsm mnusSmñak;GacpÞúkemeraKeGds_rab;qñaM muneBlmanCMgWeGds_ 

Bit 

18> GñkxøHmanemeraKeGds_ bu:EnþmindwgfaBYkeKman 

UNAIDS )a:n;RbmaNfa manGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_cMnYn 90 PaKry EdlmindwgfaxøÜnmanemeraKeGds_. 

mnusSGacmanemeraKenH kñúgry³eBlrab;qñaM edaymindwgfa BYkeKmanemeraKenH edaysarEtKμaneraK 

sBaØaGVITaMgGs;. BYkeKmanragkay nig manGarmμN_faxøÜnmansuxPaBl¥eBjelj muneBlEdl 

eraKsBaØaCMgWeGds_elcecjeLIg. 



Bit 


eraKsBaØaxagelITaMgenH KWCaeraKsBaØarbs;CMgWkameraKmYycMnYn bu:EnþminEmnCMgWeGds_enaHeT. 


Bit 

emeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_GacBüa)alCaeday³ 


RBhμcarIminmanGMNacGVI edIm,IBüa)alGñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_eLIy. karyl;xusEbbenH eFVI[®sþI 

ekμg²Ca eRcInnak;kan;EtmanhanIP½yqøgemeraKeGds_. 

328 


BuMman»sfBüa)al b¤ v:ak;saMgsRmab;emeraKeGds_eLIy. man»sf ¬fñaMRbqaMgemeraKeGds_¦ 

edIm,IBnüWtkarplitemeraKenH enAkñúgGñkEdlpÞúkemeraKenH bu:Enþ »sfTaMgenHminEmnCa»sfsRmab; 

Büa)alCMgWeGds_eLIy. »sfTaMgenHRKan; EtGacBnüareraKsBaØa b¤ karsøab;Etbu:eNÑaH. bnÞab;BIqøg 

ehIy emeraKeGds_sßitenAkñúgsarBagÁkayeBjmYyCIvit.

CMBUk q 

GñkGackarBarxøÜnmin[qøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³ 


Bit 


minBit - BuMmanviFINaGacbgðajfaédKUrbs;GñkmanemeraKeGds_b¤Gt; tamry³rUbragxageRkAenaHeLIy. 


Bit 



GVIEdlsMxan;enaH KWminEmnRtwmEtbBaÄb;min[mankarcmøgemeraKeGds_eTAkan;GñkdéTbu:eNÑaHeT 

EfmTaMgkat; bnßykarqøgeLIgvij - mann½yfaCakarqøgemeraKeGds_rbs;GñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

rYceTAehIy - [enAticCaGb,brma. enAeBlEdlemeraKenHbgábegáItxøÜn enAkñúgsarBagÁkay vaman 

karpøas;bþÚr dUecñH GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Nak¾ edayGacmanRbePTvIrusepSg²KñaeRcIn. RbB½n§PaBsauM 

rbs;sarBagÁkayRtUvsRmbeTAtamemeraK edIm,IGacRbqaMgnwg emeraKkñúgTRmg;nImYy² EdlGacbegáI 

[manCaemeraKRbePTfμIenAelIRbB½n§PaBsauM. RbsinebIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_cMnYn 2 nak;eFVIkarrYmePT 

edayKμankarkarBar BYkeKnwgcmøg[KñaeTAvijeTAmknUvemeraKkñúgTRmg;epSg²BIKña Edlmñak;²Gacman. 


GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_minKYrRtUv)aneKbBaÄb;BIkargareLIy. BYkeKCaeRcInnak; enAmankmøaMgRKb;RKan; 

edIm,IeFVIkargar ehIytamry³kargarenH BYkeKGacrkcMNUl)anxøH. kargark¾CaktþasMxan; edIm,IelIk 

TwkcitþBYkeKpgEdr. GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gacrs;enA)anCaeRcInqñaM muneBlecjeraKsBaØaCMgWeGds_ 

dUecñH BYkeKKYrRtUv)aneKGnuBaØat[bnþeFVIkargareTot. 

329

]bsm TTYlTan[)anl¥ ecosvagCatiRsvwgnig)arI nig ecosvagPaBtantwg 

sarBagÁkayRtUvkarGaharEdlmanCIvCati edIm,IRTRTg;pþl;famBl nig [sarBagÁkaymanPaBrwgmaM 

edIm,IGac RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgCMgW. CatiRsvwg nig )arIeFVI[xUcxatsmtßPaBrbs;sarBagÁkay kñúgkar 

RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgCMgWepSg² dUecñH karQb; b¤ karkat;bnßykareRbIR)as;CatiRsvwg nig )arIGacCYy[ 

sarBagÁkaymanPaBrwgmaM. 

330

331 

CMBUk q

q>11 karcgcaMGMBIkumarPaB 


! lMhat;ENnaMTaMgenH CYYy[sikçakamBinitüemIlGMBI\riyabfpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeKcMeBaHkumar nigkumar 

PaB . cMNucenH mansar³sMxan;Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkaryl;dwgGMBIreboblkçN³EdlkumarGacTTYlrg 

plb:HBal;BIktþaepSg²Kña nigrebob Edlkarmak;gay bgá[manplb:HBal; dl;kumar . 

lMhat;enH GacbMpus[mannUvkarcgcaMCUct;xøHsRmab;mnusSmYycMnYn . dUecñH RtUveRtomlkçN³ 

sm,tþiTukCamun edayGnuBaØat[sikçakamsEmþgGMBIGarmμN_rbs;BYkeK nigelIkTwkcitþ[smaCik 

Rkumpþl;karKaMRTKñaeTAvijeTAmk . 

eKalbMNg 


qøúHbBa¢aMgGMBIbTBiesaFn_kumarPaBrbs;BYkeK 

yl;dwgbEnßmGMBIreboblkçN³EdlbTBiesaFn_BIkumarPaB man\T§iBlmkelIBYkeyIgCamnusS 

eBjv½y 

RkumeKaledA 

Gñkpþl;karEfTaMsuxPaB buKÁlikGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nig GgÁkarmUldæanshKmn_ nigshKmn_ 

ry³eBl 

45 naTI 

CMhan 

1> karcgcaMGMBIkumarPaB ³ pþl;b½NÑcMnYn 2snøwk dl;sikçakamnimYy² . esñI[sikçakamcMNay 

eBl 2-3 naTI edIm,IKitGMBIkumarPaBrbs;BYkeK . esñI[BYkeKKitGMBI { erOgEdll¥bMput kalBI 

kumar } nig {erOgEdlGaRkk;bMputkalBIkumar } . sresrcMNucTaMgGs;enaHenAelIb½NÑ . 

332

CMBUk q 

2> esñI[sikçakamcab;édKUCamYynrNamñak; EdleKmanrmμN_sñiT§sñal nigBiPakSaGMBIGIVEdlBYkeK)an 

sresr . 

3> RbmUlRkumTaMgmUl[CYbCuMKña nigbitb½NÑenAelICBa¢aMg . 

BiPakSa ³ 

etIkarGnuvtþlMhat;enHeFIV[GñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþcEdr? 

etIGñkeronsURt)anGIVxøHBIkarGnuvtþlMhat;enH? 

etImannrNamñak;cg;EckrMElkGMBIkarcg;caMrbs;BYkeKEdrb¤eT? ¬GnuBaØat[maneBlevla 

RKb;RKan;sRmab; sikçakameFIVkarEckrMElk¦ 



niyay. 

GIVEdl)anekIteLIgmkelIBYkeKkalBIkumar Gacmanplb:HBal;yUrGEgVgeTAelICIvitrbs;BYkeyIg . 

kñúgnamCakumar eyIgTMngCacgcaMerOgra:vGaRkk;²Edl)anekIteLIgmkelIBYkeyIg eRcInCagerOgra:v 

l¥² . eyIg KYrCYykumar[niyayGMBIGtItkalrbs;BYkeK nigelIkTwkcitþBYkeK[cgcaMGMBIerOgra:v 

l¥² RBmTaMgerOgra:v GaRkk;Edl)anekIteLIgpgEdr . 

333

q>12 

etIeyIgyl;eXIjdUcemþc 

cMeBaHkumar? 


lMhat;enH KWdUcCakarGegátCaRkummYyeTAelI\riyabfcMeBaHkumar . 

lMhat;enH nwgRbRBwtþeTA)anl¥bMput RbsinebIGñkmanRkumkargarmYyEdlmanGñksRmbsRmYl 3nak; - 

mñak;CaGñkGan RbeyaK nig2nak;eTot CaGñkRbmUlRbeyaK nigbBa©ÚllT§pleTAkñúgtarag . 

BüayamFanafa GñkeFIVkareRbobeFob nigkt;RtacemøIyy:agqab;rh½seTAelIpÞaMgRkdascemøIy . 

eKalbMNg 


qøúHbBa¢aMgGMBICMenOrbs;BYkeKGMBIkumar 

bBa¢ak;GMBI\riyabfrbs;BYkeKcMeBaHkumar 

RkumeKaledA 


smÖar³ 

EckRkdas 1TMB½rBIRbeXaK ¬xageRkam¦ TMB½rdUcKñarYmmancMelIypgEdr. 

ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> kareRtomlkçN³sm,tþi³ erobcMbnÞb;edIm,I[sikçakamGgÁúyXøatqayBIKñabnþic nigminGacemIl 

eXIjcemøIyrbs;KñaeTAvijeTAmk . eRtompÞaMgRkdascemøIy - sresrRbeyaKnimYy²enAEpñk 

334

CMBUk q 

xagelIénpÞaMgRkdasepSg²Kña nigKUstaragmYyedIm,IbgðajcemøIy )aT-cas+¼eT¼burs¼®sþI . pþl; 

bNþúMRkdas EdlmanRkdas10snøwk CUndl;sikçakamnimYy² ¬cUreRbIR)as;BN’mYysRmab;burs nig 

BN’mYyeTotsRmab;®sþI¦ . RtUvFanafa sikçakammanb‘íceRbIR)as;RKb;Kña . 

]TahrN_éntaragcemøIyenAelIpÞaMgRkdas 

®sþI 

burs 

)aT¼cas+ 

eT 

2> cUrBnül;fa³ ńwgGanRbeyaKmYycMnYnGMBIkumar ehIyćg;[GñkTaMgGs;Kñakt;RtacemøIyrbs; 

GñksRmab;RbeyaKnimYy² . cUreRbIR)as;pÞaMgRkdastUcepSg²KñasRmab;RbeyaKnimYy² . RbsinebI 

GñkÉkPaBeTAnwgRbeyaKenaH cUrdak;sBaØa ¬¦ enAelIRkdasrbs;Gñk RbsinebIGñkminÉkPaB 

cUrdak;sBaØa ¬¦. bnÞab;mk cUrbt;Rkdasrbs;Gñk . bnÞab;BIGanRbeyaKnimYy²rYcral; Gñk 

sRmbsRmYlmñak;nwgmkRbmUlRkdasrbs;Gñk. cemøIyrbs;Gñk nwgRtUv)anrkSaCaGnamik - Kμan 

nrNadwgfa Gñk)ansresrGIVenaHeT . 

3> GanRbeyaKTI 1 . pþl;eBlevladl;sikçakamedIm,Ipþl;cemøIy . esñI[BYkeKbt;Rkdasrbs;BYkeK . 

RbmUlRkdasedaydak;enAkñúgmYk¼RbGb;¼k®nþk . Büayamkt;RtacemøIy[)anmuneBlbBa©b;RbeyaK 

bnÞab; bu:EnþminRtUveFIV[dMeNIrkarmansPaBEvgeBkenaHeT . kuMTan;bgðajcemøIy . 

4> karBiPakSa ³ enAeBlEdlGñk)anGanRbeyaKTaMgGs; nig)anRbmUlcemøIyTaMgGs;rYcral; 

cUrbgðajpÞaMgRkdas cemøIymþgmYy² nigsYrsikçakamfaetI BYkeKmanGarmμN_dUcemþccMeBaHlT§pl . 

etImankarPJak;ep¥IlGIVEdrb¤eT ? 

etICMenOrbs;BYkeyIgcMeBaHkumar bgá[manplb:HBal;eTAelIrebob EdleyIgRbRBwtþeTAelIBYkeK 

dUcemþcxøH? 

335

q>12 

etIeyIgyl;eXIjdUcemþccMeBaHkumar? 

RbeyaK 

1> kumarmindwgfa BYkeKRtUvkarGIVenaHeT . 

2> kumarRtUvTTYlkardak;TNÐkmμFn;Fr RbsinebIBYkeKeFIVxus . 

3> kumareronsURtGMBIKuNtémøRkmsIlFm’BImnusSeBjv½yEdlenACuMvijxøÜnBYkeK . 

4> KYrelIkTwkcitþkumar[manPaBÉkraCüeRcIn dUcEdlGaceFIVeTA)an . 

5> buKÁliklkçN³sm,tþirbs;kumar mankarvivDÆenAeBlEdlkumarmanGayu 2qñaM . 

6> kumarEtgsñgkarRbRBwtminl¥BI«Bukmþayrbs;BYkeK . 

7> enAeBlEdlkumarGacedIr)an BYkeKmincaM)ac;RtUvkar TMnak;TMngEpñkragkayeRcInCamYy 

mnusSeBjv½yeLIy . 

8> kumarKYreFIVtamGIV²RKb;y:agEdlmnusSeBjv½yR)ab;[BYkeKeFIVCanic© . 

9> kumarmYycMnYnmankarRbRBwtþqÁaMqÁgcab;taMgBIéfEdlBYkeKekItPøammkemø:H . 

10> kumarKYr[manRtwmEtvtþmanbu:eNÑaH mincaM)ac;RtUvsþab;semøgrbs;kumarenaHeT . 

bEnßmRbeyaKdéTeTot RbsinebIcaM)ac; b¤EksRmYlRbeyaKTaMgenHedIm,Idak;bBa©ÚlCMenOdéTeTot 

kñúgmUldæan 

CeRmIs ³ 

cUrBinitüemIldMNak;kalénkarGPivDÆrbs; eGoriksan; ¬sUmemIlÉksarGMBIkarBitEdlmanCUnP¢ab;¦. 

enAkñúgRkumtUc² cUrBiPakSaGMBIreboblkçN³EdlRTwsþIenHRsbeTAnwgkaryl;eXIjpÞal;xøÜnrbs; 

sikçakamcMeBaHkUnrbs;BYkeK b¤kumarTaMgLayEdlBYkeKFøab;)aneXIjceRmInv½yFMeLIg b¤kumar 

EdlBYkeKEfTaM . 

336 



niyay. 

mnusSeBjv½yCanic©CakalminEmnEtgEtdwgGMBIplb:HBal;Fn;Frrbs;BYkeK eTAelIrebobceRmInv½y 

rbs;kumareLIy .

CMBUk q 

kumarBwgEp¥keTAelImnusSeBjv½yedIm,ITTYl)ankarENnaM nigkarKaMRT esckþIRsLaj; nigkarEfTaM . 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIg edaymanGarmμN_fa minTTYl)annUvesckþIRsLaj; b¤RBegIykenþIy 

ktþaenH nwgCH\T§iBleTAelIreboblkçN³EdleKRbRBwtþenAeBlEdlBYkeKkøayxøÜneTACamnusS 

eBjv½y . 

RbsinebIkumar>>>>> 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedaykarriHKn; kumarnwgecHriHKn; . 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedaykars¥b; kumarnwgecHRbyuT§tbt . 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedayPaBxμaseGon kumarnwgecHman 

GarmμN_xusqÁg. 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedaykarekatsresIr kumarnwgecH 

ekatsresIr . 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedaykarelIkTwkcitþ kumarnwgecH 

manTMnukcitþ . 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedaykareyaKyl; kumarnwgecH 

Gt;Fμt; . 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedayPaByutþiFm’ kumarnwgecHman 

PaByutþiFm’ . 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedaysnþisux kumarnwgecHTukcitþ 

GñkdéT . 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedaykarÉkPaB kumarnwgGPivDÆ 

TMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg. 

RbsinebIkumarceRmInv½yeLIgkñúgbriyakasmYyEdleBareBjeTAedaykarTTYlyk nigmitþPaB kumar 

nwgecHEsVg esckþIRsLaj;BIGñkdéT . 

337

q>12 

etIeyIgyl;eXIjdUcemþccMeBaHkumar? 

dMNak;kalénkarGPivDÆmnusS rbs;eGoriksan; 

RbePTénmnusSeBjv½yEdleyIg)anvivDÆxøÜn rebobEdleyIgeFVIskmμPaB nigmanRbtikmμRtlb; 

kñúgsßanPaBepSg²Kña nigrebobEdleyIgR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYyGñkdéT TTYlrg\T§iBlBIktþaCa 

eRcIn ³ karciBa©wmbI)ac; brisßanCMuvijxøÜn vb,Fm’ RbéBNI nigRKYsar. \T§iBlmYykñúgcMeNam 

\T§iBlCaeRcInEdlsMxan;bMput KWGVIEdlekIteLIgcMeBaHeyIgkalBIkumarPaB. 

eGoriksan; KWCacitþviTUmñak; ehIyKat;BN’naGMBIkarGPivDÆrbs;mnusS enAkñúgdMNak;kalCaeRcIn 

epSg²Kña ¬erobrab;xageRkam¦ ³ 

dMNak;kalTI1 ³ ¬cab;BIeBlcab;kMeNIt rhUtdl;Gayu1qñaM¦ 

{karTukcitþ nigkarminTukcitþ} 

CaFmμta kñúgGMLúgeBlenH TarkCanic©CakalEtgrs;enAEk,rmþay. TarkeroneFVIkarTukcitþfa 

y:agehacNas;man mnusSmñak;nwgeqøIytbeTAnwgtRmUvkarmUldæanrbs;va dUcCa Gahar karR)aRs½y 

Tak;Tg ¬karb:HBal;ragÁkay¦ nigkarpþl;pasukPaB. mþayeronkt;smÁal;enAeBlEdlkUnyMXøan 

KμanpasukPaB b¤manPaBÉeka. RbsinebImþaymineqøIytb eTAnwgGVIEdlCatRmUvkarrbs;Tark 

eBlenaHTarknwgminmanTMnukcitþ ehIyRBmTaMgGacmanGarmμN_P½yxøacCaxøaMg. 

dMNak;kalTI2 ¬1-3qñaM¦ {sV½yPaB karxμaseGon nigmnÞilsgS½y} 

kumarkMBugeronsURtedIm,I[mankarRKb;RKgeTAelIragÁkay TaMgkareFVIdMeNIr karniyaysþI karesøókBak; 

nigkarRKb;RKg eTAelIrbbTTYlTanGahar. RbsinebIkumarTTYlrgkarraMgsÞHkñúgGMLúgeBlén 

dMNak;kalenH b¤TTYlrgkaresIccMGk b¤TTYlrgkardak;TNÐkmμFn;Fr kumarnwgvivDÆnUv kMhwg 

nigPaBeqvqav cMeBaHmnusSeBjv½y. 

dMNak;kalTI3 ¬3-5qñaM¦ {karpþÜcepþIm¼kMhus} 

CadMNak;kalénkarRsavRCav nigdkBiesaFn_sRmab;kumar. CakarcaM)ac;EdlkumarRtUvTTYl)an 

karelIkTwkcitþ[man KMnitpþÜcepþImedayxøÜnÉg nigminTTYlrgkardak;TNÐkmμ b¤sþIbenÞas enAeBl 

EdlBYkeKeFVIxus. GñkGacraMgsÞHdl;KMnit pþÜcepþImRbkbedaykarécñRbDitrbs;kumar RbsinebI 

GñkERskKMhk b¤vaydMragkaykumar. kumarnwgcab;epþImmankar)armÖ nigmanGarmμN_fa {´minEmn 

Caekμgl¥} . 

338

CMBUk q 

dMNak;kalTI4 ¬6-12qñaM¦ {karxitxM¼karmanGarmμN_faxøÜnÉgtUcTabCagGñkdéT} 

kumarPaKeRcInkMBugeronshkarCamYyGñkdéT ¬enAÉsalaeron b¤enApÞH¦ nigGnuvtþkic©kar. kumar 

RtUvkarkarelIkTwkcitþCanirnþ xN³eBlEdlkumarkMBugeronsURtenAkñúgdMNak;kalenH. RbsinebI 

kumarcab;epþImmanGarmμN_braC½ykñúgdMNak;kalenH BYkeKnwgERbkøayGarmμN_EbbenH eTACakar 

sþIbenÞas nigkMhusqÁg. 

dMNak;kalTI5 ¬13-18qñaM¦ {karPan;RclMGMBIGtþsBaØaN¼tYnaTI} 

enHKWCaeBlevlaEsVgrkGtþsBaØaNrbs;xøÜn kñúgnamCaburs b¤RsþIv½yekμgmñak;. kumarcab;epþImcg; 

manPaBÉkraCüBI«Bukmþay. RbsinebIkumar)anvivDÆGarmμN_RBYy)armÖ nigkMhusqÁg BIdMNak;kal 

mun²knøgmk BYkeKnwgkan;EtmankarBi)ak enAkñúgdMNak;kalenH. BYkeKGacmanGarmμN_ eGon 

minTTYl)anesckþIRslaj; minmanPaBR)akdkñúgcitþ. GarmμN_TaMgenH GacbnþsßitenAkñúgxøÜn 

BYkeKCaeRcInqñaM. 

dMNak;kalTI6 ¬19-25qñaM¦ {TMnak;TMngCitsñiT§¼karrs;enAEtÉg} 

mnusSv½yekμgQandl;dMNak;kalmanTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg Tak;TgeTAnwgkarrYmePT dUecñHkñúg 

dMNak;kalenH mnusSeyIg GacGPivDÆTMnak;TMngpøÚvePT nigTMnak;TMngCitsñiT§. RbsinebImnusS 

kñúgdMNak;kalenHBMumanTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg BYkeK Gacrs;enAEtmñak;Ég dac;edayELkBIeKÉg. 

dMNak;kalTI7 ¬25-55¦ {plitPaB¼PaBnwgnr} 

qøgtamry³smtßPaBkñúgkarsÁal;mnusSdéTeTot kñúgdMNak;kalenH mnusSGacmanlT§PaBpþl; 

CIviteTA[GñkdéT tamry³karerobGaBah_BiBah_ nigkarmankUn b¤tamry³karCYyeFVIkargar b¤ 

TMnak;TMngpøÚvePTminpøÚvkar. ebIBMuenaHeT mnusSkñúgdMNak;kalenH GacmanGarmμN_faxøÜnminGac 

rYmcMENkeFVI[rIkcMerIndl;sgÁmmnusS. 

dMNak;kalTI8 ¬Gayu55qñaMeLIgeTA¦ {]tþmPaBkargar¼karGs;sgÇwm} 

RbsinebImnusSmñak;)anbBa©b;dMNak;kaldéTeTotkñúgCIvitrbs;Kat;RbkbedayeCaKC½y enHKWCa 

dMNak;kalEdlKat; GacsmøwgemIlRtlb;eTAeRkayvij nigRc)ac;bBa©ÚlKñanUvral;bTBiesaFn_ 

rbs;Kat;. Kat;nwgGackøayCa {FnFanmnusS d¾qøatv½y} mYyrUb sRmab;ekμgCMnan;eRkay. mnusS 

mñak; {EdlbraC½y} nwgsmøwgemIleTAGnaKtCamYynwgPaBGs;sgÇwm edaydwgxøÜnfa min)an 

rYmcMENkdl;BiPBelak. 

339

q>13 

karviPaKGMBIkarmak;gay 

cMeBaHkumar 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énvKÁenH sikçakamnwgGackMNt;eTAelITRmg; buBVehtu nigplvi)akénkarmak;gaycMeBaH 

kumar 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

b½NÑEdlmanBN’epSg²Kña 

CMhan 

TRmg; buBVehtu plvi)ak ¬b½NÑRbmUlpþMúKMnit¦ ³ 

1> EbgEcksikçakamCaKU nigEckb½NÑCUndl;sikçakam. esñI[kumarKitGMBITRmg;énkarmak;gayepSg² 

Kña EdlkumarFøab;qøgkat;. R)ab;[kumarsresrmYYycMNucenAelIsnøwkb½NÑmYysnøwk. bnÞab;mk cUr 

bitb½NÑTaMgenaHelICBa¢aMg. 

2> cUrpþl;pÞaMgRkdasFMmYysnøwkeTA[KUnimYy². esñI[KUnimYy²eRCIserIsTRmg;mYyénkarmak;gay nig 

bitTRmg; enaHenAcMkNþalénpÞaMgRkdasrbs;BYkeK. enAelIsnøwkb½NÑ cUresñI[sikçakamsresr 

GMBIral;buBVehtu EdlBYkeKGacrknwkeXIj Edlbgá[mannUvkarmak;gayRbePTenH ¬sresrmYy 

cMnucenAelIb½NÑmYysnøwk¦ nigbitb½NÑTaMgenaHenAelIpÞaMgRkdas BIeRkamsnøwkb½NÑEdl)ankMNt; 

eQμaHkarmak;gay ¬sUmemIl]TahrN_xageRkam¦. edIm,IEsVgrkGMBIbuBVehtu cUrbnþsYrsMNYrfa 

ehtuGVI? ehtuGVI? ehtuGVI? buBVehtumYycMnYnGacCa buBVehtu b¤sKl; . 

340

CMBUk q 

3> esñI[KUsikçakamTaMgGs;KitGMBI plvi)akTaMgGs;énkarmak;gaykñúgTRmg;enaH. R)ab;[BYkeKsresr 

cMNucmYyenAelIb½NÑmYysnøwk nigbitcMNucTaMgenaH BIelIb½NÑEdl)ankMNt;eQμaHkarmak;gay. 

BüayamBinitüemIl plvi)akénkarmak;gaycMeBaHbuKÁl nigplvi)akénkarmak;gaycMeBaHshKmn_ 

sgÁm esdækic©.l. 

4> \LÚvenH cUresñI[KUsikçakamTaMgGs;eRCIserIsbuBVehtumYyBIkñúgcMeNambuBVehtuTaMgGs;enAelIpÞaMg 

Rkdas nig BiPakSaedIm,IEsVgrkdMeNaHRsaymYycMnYn {etImanGVIxøHEdlGacCYypøas;bþÚsßanPaBTaMg 

enH)an?} cUrsresr KMnitrbs;GñkenAelIpÞaMgRkdasmYyepSgeTot. 

5> dak;bgðajpÞaMgRkdasBIRKb;KU edIm,I[sikçakamTaMgGs;edIremIl nigpþl;r)aykarN_Rtlb;. 

6> esñI[sikçakamGancemøIyBIpÞaMgRkdas nigsYrsMNYrKñaeTAvijeTAmkedIm,IbBa¢ak;. 






TRmg;énkarmak;gaycMeBaHkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH 

karrMelaPbMBan¼kareFVI)abkumar - minpþl;ERK[kumareKg tRmUv[kumareKgenAelIkMral\dæ minpþl; 

Gahar[kumarTTYl TanRKb;RKan; kMNt;pþl;bnÞúkkargarCaeRcIn[kumareFVI . 

kareCsþIkumar nigkarehAeQμaHkumarEbbminsmrmü. 

ehAeQμaHkumarEbbeRKaFRKat. mineGIeBIrnwgkumar. KμankEnøgsRmab;kumarsMrak¼KμankEnøgrs;enA 

smrmü. 

karmak;gayenAkñúgTIkEnøgepSg²Kña ³ KøInik b:usþ×b:UlIs hagnana - minykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkumar 

b¤edjkumarecj. 

341

q>13 

karviPaKGMBIkarmak;gaycMeBaHkumar 


buBVehtu 

CIvitrs;enAminRtUv)aneK[témø. TTYlrgkarsþIbenÞascMeBaHkarRbRBwtþrbs;«Bukmþay RbsinebI«Buk 

mþaysøab;edaysar CmWeGds_. 

RtUv)aneKemIleXIjfa Cakarx¢Hx¢ayFnFankñúgkarciBa©wmkumar. PaBRkIRk eFVI[karmak;gaykan;Et 

mansPaBFn;Fr . 

RtUv)aneKyl;eXIjfaCa {ekμgnaMsMNagminl¥}. 

RtUv)aneKKitfa manpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

plvi)ak 

RtUv)anbMEbkBIsac;BaØatibgb¥Ún [eTArs;enAkñúgRKYsarfμImYy. 

rgeRKaHEpñksuxPaB. manCmWFn;FreBk minGaceTAsalaeron)an b:uEnþmincg;enApÞH. 

RtUv)anbBa¢Ún[eTAsikSaeronsURtenAÉsalaEdlBMusUvmanKuNPaB b¤min[eTAeronTal;EtesaH. 

bBaðastiGarmμN_ - karrMelaPbMBanpøÚvePT ragÁkay nigstiGarmμN_. 

7> segçb ³ 

CYnkal plvi)akénkarmak;gay køayeTACabuBVehtuEdlbNþal[mankarmak;gaykan;EteRcIn 

EfmeTot. 

PaBRkIRkEtgeFVI[karmak;gaykan;EtmanPaBFn;FreLIg EdlktþaenHdak;kRmiteTAelIsmtßPaB 

rbs;RKYsarkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaða. kumarkMRBaGacRtUv)aneFVI[manGarmμN_tUccitþ b¤TTYlrgkar 

sþIbenÞas RbsinebIKμanGahar fvika nigFnFandéTeTotRKb;RKan;. CYnkal kumarbgá[manplb:HBal; 

FM²mYycMnYnenAkñúgRKYsar Edl ktþaenHbNþal[mankardak;TNÐkmμFn;FreTAelIkumar. 

CYnkal kumarTTYlykeKalKMniténkarmak;gay ehIyBYkeKeCOfa BYkeK {Caekμgminl¥} Kμan 

RbeyaCn_ nig Kμantémø. 

342

343 

CMBUk q

CMBUkC³ 

yuvCn nigkarmak;gay 

esckþIepþIm 

karmak;gaycMeBaHRbCaCnv½yekμg KWRsedogKñaeTAnwgkarmak;gayEdlmnusSeBjv½yRbQmEdr 

bu:EnþvaEtgmanlkçN³ Fn;FrCagGaRs½yedayPaBgayrgeRKaH nigkarvinicä½yeTAelIGayu RkmsIlFm’ kar 

Gb;rM nigbTBiesaFn_ . 

RbCaCnv½yekμgTTYlrgkarmak;gay GaRs½yedayehtuplmYycMnYnepSg²Kña dUcCa karmanTMnak; 

TMngpøÚvePT karEdlmanPaBskmμkñúgkarrYmePT kareRbIR)as;eRKOgejón karsYrsMnYreTAkan;«Bukmþay 

rbs;BYkeK nigGaCJaFr . RbsinebI RbCaCnv½yekμgmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ BYkeKRbQmeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

kan;EteRcIn nigkarvinicä½ykan;EtFn;Fr . 

plb:HBal;énkarmak;gayeTAelIRbCaCnv½yekμg manplvi)akCaeRcIn rYmmankarpat;ecj kardak; 

[enAdac;edayELk kare)aHbg;ecalkarsikSa nigkarBnüaeBlkñúgkarcab;epþImTTYlkarBüa)aleday»sf 

RbqaMgemeraKeGds_ . 

CMBUkenH RtUv)anerobcMeLIgedIm,IeRbIR)as;CamYyRbCaCnv½yekμg . lMhat;enH CYy[BYkeKkMNt; 

rkbBaðakarmak;gay Cak;lak;mYycMnYnEdlBYkeKRbQmmux eFIVkarviPaKeTAelIbuBVehtu nigplvi)akénkar 

mak;gay edaHRsaybBaðaTMnak;TMngrvagkarmak;gay eynD½r nigbBaðapøÚvePT RBmTaMgpþl;GMNacdl;BYkeK 

CamYynwgCMnaj edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðakarmak;gay nigerobcMksagyuT§sa®sþ edIm,I[mankarpøas;bþÚr . 

lMhat;enHk¾GaceRbIR)as;CamYymnusSeBjv½y edIm,ICYybegáItkaryl;dwg[kan;EtRbesIrGMBIkar 

mak;gayEdlRbCaCn v½yekμgRbQm nigedIm,IpþÜcepþIm[mankarpøas;bþÚr . 

344

lMhat; 

C>1> GIVEdlRbCaCnTUeTAniyayGMBIyuvCn 

C>2> karviPaKGMBIkarmak;gay nigyuvCn 

C>3> TMnak;TMngesñha nigkarmak;gay 

C>4> siT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrYmePT 

C>5> karrYmePT nigkarmak;gay 

C>6> karCECkGMBIbBaðaeynD½r 

C>7> yuvCnpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

345

C>1 

GIVEdlRbCaCnTUeTA 

niyayGMBIyuvCn 


enHKWCaTRmg;mYyEbbénlMhat;K2 . lMhat;enHRtUv)anEksRmYledIm,I RkelkemIlPasaEdleK 

eRbIR)as;RbqaMgeTAnwgRbCaCnv½yekμg . lMhat;enHGaceRbIR)as;CamYymnusSeBjv½y nig RbCaCn 

v½yekμg . CMhanEdlmaneQμaHfa dMeNIrkarbnþ ¬kareFIV[sikçakamRkelkemIlGarmμN_EdlRtUv)an 

eKehAeQμaHTaMgenH¦ enAEpñkcugeRkay manPaBsMxan;xøaMgNas; . RtUvBüayambegáIt[manbriyakas 

mYyEdlRbkbeday PaBmWugm:at; . 

eKalbMNg 


BinitüemIlTMnak;TMngrvagPasa nigkarmak;gay 

BinitüemIlGMBIrebobEdlRkumRbCaCnv½yekμgepSg²KñaTTYlrgkarmak;gaycMeBaHkarRbRBwtþ 

epSg²Kñarbs;BYkeK 

RkelkemIlreboblkçN³Edlkarvinicä½yGMBIRbCaCnv½yekμg manTMnak;TMngeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgemeraKeGds_ 

karerobcM 

bitpÞaMgRkdascMnYn6snøwkenAelICBa¢aMg edaypÞaMgRkdasnimYy²mancMNgeCIgepSg²Kña . 

cMNgeCIg ³ { GIVEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBIyuvCnv½yekμgEdl>>>>>} 

eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 

manépÞeBaH 

manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

rs;enAtamcieBa©Imfñl; 

køayCaGñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay 

manTMnak;TMngkñúgkarrYmePT 

346

CMBUk C 

ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

b½NÑEdlmanBN’epSg²Kña 

CMhan 

1> lMhat;kMedAsac;duM -El,gbþÚrekAGI ³ erobcMdak;ekAGICargVg;TukCamun . R)ab;eQμaHtYGgÁrbs; 

sikçakamnimYy² EdlenACuMvijrgVg;ekAGI - ]> 

{GñkKWCaGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón>>>> GñkKWCaGñkmanépÞeBaH>>> GñkKWCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_>>>> GñkKW 

CaGñkrs;enAtamcieBa©Imfñl;>>>>> GñkKWCaGñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay>>>> GñkKWCaGñkEdlkMBugman 

TMnak;TMngkñúgkarrYmePT . bnþpþl;eQμaHtYGgÁrhUtdl;GñkRKb;KñaTTYl)antYGgÁmYykñúgcMeNam 

tYGgÁTaMg6 . bnÞab;mkcUrBnül;GMBIrebobelgEl,gkMsanþ . 

´KWCaGñkehAeQμaHtYGgÁ ehIy´KμanekAGIenaHeT . enAeBlEdléhAeQμaHtYGgÁcMnYn2 - ]> 

{ GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón} nig { GñkmanépÞeBaH} GñkEdlmantYGgÁCa GñkeRbIR)as; eRKOgejón nig 

GñkmanépÞeBaHTaMgGs;RtUveRkakQr nigrt;edIm,IsMedAEsVgrkekAGIfμI . ´k¾nwgBüayamcab;yk 

ekAGImYypgEdr . GñkEdlcab;ykekAGIminTan;eT nwgkøayCaGñkehAeQμaHtYGgÁfμI ehIyEl,g 

kMsanþenH nwgbnþelgrebobenHeTAmuxeTot . GñkehA eQμaHtYGgÁ k¾GacERskfa {bdivtþ} pgEdr 

ehIyenAeBlenaH RKb;KñaRtUveRkakQreLIg nigRtUvrt;sMedAEsVgrkekAGIfμI . 

bnÞab;mkcUrERskfa { GñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón nigGñkmanépÞeBaH} ehIytRmUv[ { GñkeRbIR)as; 

eRKOgejón} nig { GñkmanépÞeBaH} rt;sMedAeTArkekAGIfμI EdlenHKWCakarcab;epþIménEl,gkMsanþ . 

bnÞab;mkesñI[GñkEdlcab; ykekAGIminTan;eK ERskehAeQμaHbEnßmeTot edIm,I[sikçakamrt;sMedAeTArk 

ekAGIfμI . bnþeFIVrebobenHrhUtdl; RKb;RkumTaMgGs;man»kasrt; 2-3dg . 

347

C>1 

GIVEdlRbCaCnTUeTAniyayGMBIyuvCn 

karsaksYrsMnYr ³ 

cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþc enAeBlEdleKehAeQμaHGñkfa CaGñkeRbIR)as;eRKOgejón 

b¤GñkmanépÞeBaH? } 

2> El,gsþIbenÞas - GVIEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBI>>>>>>¬karRbmUlpþMúKMnitCargVg;¦ ³ EbgEck 

sikçakamCa 6Rkum Ep¥ktamtYnaTIEdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as;enAkñúgEl,gkMsanþ . esñIr[RkumnimYy² eFVI 

dMeNIreTAkan;kEnøgpÞaMgRkdasrbs;xøÜn . pþl;hVWtdl;RkumnimYy² nigesñI[RkumnimYy² sresrenA 

elIpÞaMgRkdasGMBIGIV²RKb;y:agEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBIGñkEdlenAkñúgRkumnimYy² . BIrnaTIeRkay 

mkcUrERskfa {bþÚr} nigesñI[RkumTaMgGs;eFIVclnaCargVg; nig sresrbEnßmcMNucmYycMnYneTAelI 

pÞaMgRkdasbnÞab; . bnþeFIVrebobenHrhUtdl;RkumTaMgGs;)anrYmcMENkdl;pÞaMgRkdasTaMg6 . bnÞab; 

mkesñI[BYkeKRtLb;mkvijenAkñúgrgVg;CamYynwgpÞaMgRkdas . 

3> dMeNIrkarbnþ ³ GgÁúyCargVg; . esñI[smaCikRkumnimYy²QrenAkNþalrgVg; ehIyniyayfa {´ 

KWCayuvCn v½yekμgEdl>>>> ¬]> eRbIR)as;eRKOgejón¦ ehIyenHKWCaGIVEdlGñkniyayGMBI´ } 

bnÞab;mkesñI[sikçakamdéT GannUvGIVEdleKniyayGMBIyuvCnv½yekμgEdleRbIR)as;eRKOgejón . 

enAeBlEdlBYkeKGancb; TukpÞaMgRkdasenaHenAkNþalrgVg; ehIysikçakammñak;eTotmkBIRkumbnÞab; 

GacGanpÞaMgRkdasrbs;BYkeKkñúglkçN³mYyRsedogKña . RtUvbnþ[BYkeKGanpÞaMgRkdasTaMgGs; 

rhUtdl;cb; edayminRtUvpþl;eyabl;GIVEdlnaM[mankarkat;sgVak;eLIy . 

4> cUrsYrsMnYrfa ³ 

etIGñkyl;dUcemþcGMBIBaküsmþITaMgGs;enH? 

etIGñkmanGarmμN_dUcemþccMeBaHlMhat;enH? 

etIeyIg)aneronsURtGIVxøH? 

etIBaküsmþITaMgGs;enHbgá[manplb:HBal;dUcemþcxøHeTAelIyuvCnv½yekμg? 

etIkarmak;gaycMeBaHyuvCnv½yekμg nigyuvnarIv½yekμgmanPaBxusEbøkKñaEdrb¤eT? 

348

CMBUk C 



niyay. 

manTMnak;TMngmYyd¾xøaMgkøarvagPasa nigkarmak;gay . lkçN³EdlRkumyuvCnv½yekμgGs;TaMgenaH 

RtUv)aneKlabBN’ mann½yfa BYkeKRtUv)anbMEbkecjBIsgÁm nigRtUv)ansgÁmpat;ecal . RbsinebI 

BYkeKRbQmeTAnwgbBaðaGaRs½yedaykarRbRBwtþrbs;BYkeK BYkeKnwgmankarsÞak;esÞIr b¤minGac 

TTYl)anCMnYy . 

yuvCnv½yekμgTTYlrgkarmak;gay edayRKan;EtedaysarBYkeKCamnusSv½yekμg . karRbRBwtþ b¤ 

sßanPaBCak;lak; GaceFIV[BYkeKTTYlrgnUvkarmak;gayeTVrdg b¤karmak;gaycRmuH . ]TahrN_ 

RbsinebIGñkKWCayuvCn v½yekμgEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigkMBugmanTMnak;TMngrYmePT Gñknwg 

RtUv)aneKvinicä½yCaeRcInkRmit . 

eyIgTaMgGs;KñaGaceFIVGIVmüa:g edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrrebobEdleyIgniyayGMBIyuvCnv½yekμg edaypøas;bþÚr 

Pasarbs;eyIg nigRbqaMgeTAnwgGñkdéTEdleRbIR)as;Pasamak;gay . 






GIVEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBIyuvCnv½yekμgEdleRbIR)as;eRKOgejón ³ 

qáÜt KμanTisedAkñúgCIvit ejónfñaM manCmW CamnusSmaneRKaHfñak; ]RkidæCn ecar CamnusSGaRkk; )atsgÁm 

KμanRbeyaCn_ KμansIlFm’ KμankarRKb;RKgelIxøÜnÉg x¢il KμankargareFIV smnwgsøab; . 

GIVEdlRbCaCnniyayGMBIyuvCnEdlrs;enAtamcieBa©Imfñl; 

KμanpÞHsEm,g EqátamcieBa©Imfñl; GñkerIssMram BYkmanbBaða GñkeRbIeRKOgejon kumarkMRBa mnusS 

KμansgÇwm minecHsMGatxøÜn - FMkøins¥úy esaksþaycMeBaHBYkeK edayBYkeKKμankarEfTaMBI«Bukmþay. 

349

C>2 

karviPaKGMBIkarmak;gay nigyuvCn 


lMhat;enHKWCalMhat;cab;epþImmYyd¾l¥ sRmab;sikçasalaEdlepþateTAelI yuvCnv½yekμg . lMhat; 

enHCYy[uyuvCnv½yekμgkMNt;rkkarmak;gayqøgtamry³bTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK . lMhat; 

enHeRbIR)as;bec©keTsEbbRsavRCavmYy EdlCakarviPaKmYyCMhanmþg²EdleRbIR)as;b½NÑmanBN’ 

epSg²Kña . bec©keTsEbbenHbegáIt[mannUvb½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnitcRmuHmYy dUecñHGñkRtUvkar[man 

TIFøaCBa¢aMgd¾FMmYy . 

GñkGaccMNayeBlknøHéf RbsinebIGñkcg;RKbdNþb;RKb;CMhan edIm,IviPaKRbePTxus²Kñaénkar 

mak;gayEdlyuvCnv½yekμgRbQmmux . Gñkk¾GaceRCIserIsCMhanTaMgenHcMnYn 2-3 edIm,IbegáIt 

CalMhat;xøImYy . 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;rkTRmg; buBVehtu nigplb:HBal;énkarmak;gayEdlyuvCnv½yekμgRbQmmux 

kMNt;rkbribTxus²KñaEdlkarmak;gaycMeBaHyuvCnv½yekμg)anekIteLIg 

ry³eBl 

2-3 ema:g 

RkumeKaledA 


CMhan 

350 

1> karmak;gaycMeBaHyuvCnv½yekμg¬b½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnit¦ ³ EbgEcksikçakamCaKU nigEck 

b½NÑ nighVWtCUndl;KUnimYy² . cUrsYrsMnYrfa { etIkñúgnamCayuvCnv½yekμg eyIgTTYlrgkarmak;gay 

GIVxøH?} esñI[KUnimYy² sresrcMNucmYyenAelIb½NÑmYysnøwk ehIybitb½NÑTaMgenaHenAelICBa¢aMg . 

begáItnUvKMnitedIm,IsresrenAelIb½NÑ[)aneRcIndUcEdlGaceFIVeTA)an .

CMBUk C 






kñúgnamCayuvCnv½yekμg BYkeyIgRtUv)aneKyl;eXIjfa CaGñkEdlh‘anRbfuyRbfannwgeRKaHfñak; . 

BYkeyIg CamnusSgayrgeRKaH . minRtUv)anGnuBaØt[eFIVkarseRmccitþ . KμansiT§i . sgÁmminxVl; 

BIyuvCnv½yekμg . RbRBwtþkarrYmePTeRcIneBk . mineKarBmnusScas;¼«Bukmþay . 

2> esñI[Gñksμ½RKcitþRbmUlb½NÑEdlmancMNucRsedogKñadak;bBa©ÚlKñaCaRkum nigsegçbcMNucsMxan;² . 

3> etIBYkeyIgTTYlrgkarmak;gayy:agdUcemþc? pþl;b½NÑEdlmanBN’epSg²KñafμIeTA[KU 

nimYy² . \LÚvenH cUrsYrsMnYrfa { etIBYkeyIgTTYlrgkarmak;gayy:agdUcemþc? } esñI[KUnimYy² 

sresrmYycMNucenAelIb½NÑmYysnøwk ehIybitb½NÑTaMgenaHenAelICBa¢aMg bnÞab;mkcUrRbmUlcMNuc 

EdlmanlkçN³RsedogKñadak;bBa©ÚlKña CaRkum nigeFIVkarsegçbdUcKñaeTAnwgskmμPaBBImun . 






karehAeQμaHEbbminsmrmü kardak;[enAdac;edayELk karbeNþjecjBIpÞH karmin[cUlrYmkñúg 

kic©RbCuMshKmn_ siT§iCamUldæanRtUv)aneKbdiesF - ]> esrIPaBkñúgkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg esrIPaBkñúg 

karrYmePT .l. 

351

C>2 

karviPaKGMBIkarmak;gay nigyuvCn 

4> etIeyIgTTYlrgkarmak;gayenAkEnøgNa? 

cUrsYrsMnYrfa { etIkarmak;gaycMeBaHyuvCnv½yekμgekIteLIgenA kEnøgNa? } xN³eBlEdlsikçakam 

kMBugpþl;mtieyabl; cUrpþl;b½NÑmYysnøwk[BYkeK nigesñI[BYkeKKUrUbPaB samBaØmYyGMBIbribT 

enaH - ]> pÞH salaeron tampøÚv vtþGaram kEnøgkargar mCÄmNÐlshKmn_ . bitb½NÑ TaMgGs;enaH 

enAelIRCugCBa¢aMgepSg²KñakñúgbnÞb; EdlenAqayBIb½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnitBImun . 

5> Rkumkargar ³ EbgEcksikçakamCaRkum ehIyesñI[sikçakameTAkan;rUbPaBénsßanPaBEdlBYkeK 

cg;eFIVkareTAelIsßanPaBenaH . begáItRkummYyedIm,IviPaKeTAelIkarmak;gayenAkñúgsßanPaBenaH . 

kargarrbs;Rkum EdlRtUveFVI ³ cUrKitGMBIRbePTénkarmak;gay EdlekIteLIgenAkñúgbribTenaH nig 

RtUvsresrcMNucEdlGñk rkeXIjenAelIsnøwkb½NÑ . GñkGaceRbIR)as;b½NÑmYycMnYnBIb½NÑRbmUlpþúM 

KMnitdMbUg nigbnÞab;mksresrbEnßm KMnitpÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk . 

6> ehtuGIV)anCaeyIgTTYlrgkarmak;gay? \LÚvenH cUresñI[RkumTaMgGs;KitGMBI ehtuGIV)anCa 

karmak;gay ekIteLIgenAkñúgsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK . pþl;[RkumnimYy²nUvb½NÑEdlmanBN’xus²Kña 

edIm,IsresrbEnßmeTAelIkarviPaKsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK . 

7> karpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb; - kareFIVdMeNIrCuMvijbnÞb;edIm,IBinitüemIllT§pl ³ cUreFIV 

dMeNIrCuMvijbnÞb;TaMgGs;Kña edIm,IBinitüemIllT§plrbs;RkumepSg²Kña nigsYrsMnYredIm,IbBa¢ak;bEnßm 

RBmTaMgTTYlykmtieyabl;mYycMnYn. 

8> dMeNIrkarbnþ ³ enAkñúgRkumFM cUrsYrsMnYrfa { etIGIVxøHCa\T§iBlénkarmak;gayenHeTAelIBYkeyIg 

CayuvCnv½yekμg?} 

352

353 

CMBUk C

C>3 

TMnak;TMngesñha nigkarmak;gay 


CaFmμta yuvCnv½yekμgminsUvman»kasBiPakSaGMBIbBaðaTMnak;TMngesñhaeT. CaTUeTA ral;TMnak;TMng 

esñhaTaMgGs; EtgTTYlrgnUvkarvinicä½ykñúgkRmitmYyBI shKmn_ RKYsar nigmitþPkþi . lMhat; enH 

BuMEmnepþatCacm,geTAelIkarmak;gaybu:eNÑaHeT bu:Enþ vaCYy[yuvCnv½yekμgrkeXIjnUvGIVEdleFIV[ 

TMnak;TMngesñhamYymansuxPaBl¥ b¤KμansuxPaBl¥ nigrebobEdlsßanPaB nigsm karbMpusKMnit ³ esñI[sikçakamerobrab;GMBIlkçN³mYycMnYnEdleFIV[TMnak;TMngesñhamansuxPaB 

l¥ . sresrlkçN³TaMgenaHenAelIpÞaMgRkdas . 

354

CMBUk C 

2> kargarCaKU ³ EbgEcksikçakamCaKU . Eckb½NÑEdlerobrab;GMBIsßanPaB ¬]TahrN_xageRkam¦ 

CUndl;KUnimYy² nigesñI[BYkeKBiPakSaGMBIsßanPaB nigplb:HBal;rbs;sßanPaBenaH eTAelITMnak;TMng 

esñhamYy nigseRmccitþ faetIsßanPaBnimYy²sßiteRkamRbePTEdl)ankMNt; {mansuxPaBl¥} 

{KμansuxPaBl¥} b¤ {mineTog} . 

3> esñI[KUnimYy²mkxagmuxbnÞb;sikçasala edIm,IerobcMdak;b½NÑsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK eRkamRbePTEdl 

BYkeKKitfa manlkçN³smRsbbMput nigRtUvBnül;ehtuplrbs;BYkeK[RkumFM)anRCab . RbsinebI 

mankarminÉkPaBeRcIn cUrelIkeLIgGMBIlkçN³énTMnak;TMngesñhamYyEdlmansuxPaBl¥ EdlRkum 

)ankMNt;rkeXIjBImun . 

4> cUrsYrsMnYreTAkan;Rkumfa {etImansßanPaBNaEdlGacmanbBaðakarmak;gayEdrb¤eT?} cUrBiPakSa 

sMnYrenH enAkñúgRkumFM nigeFIVkarseRmccitþeTAelIsßanPaBTaMgenaH RBmTaMgRtUvCRmabGMBIehtupl 

pgEdr . 

5> esñI[sikçakameRCIserIssßanPaBmYy niigeFIVkarsEmþgtYGgÁCaRkumtUc² edIm,IbgðajGMBIrebobEdl 

KUsgSar b¤ KUsVamIPriyaGacedaHRsay b¤RbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gaycMeBaHTMnak;TMngesñharbs; 

BYkeK . 


etIGñkKitfa mUlehtuGIV)anCamnusSeyIgsßitenA kñúgTMnak;TMngesñhaEdlKμansuxPaBl¥? 

etImitþPkþi nigRKYsarGacCYyKUsgSar b¤KUsVamIPriya edaHRsaybBaðakarmak;gayedayrebob 

Na? 

etIeyIgeronsURt)anGIVxøHBIemeronenH? 

355

C>3 

TMnak;TMngesñha nigkarmak;gay 

]TahrN_énsßanPaBEdlsßitenAkñúgTMnak;TMngesñha 





cMNucsMxan;bMputenAkñúgTMnak;TMngesñha KWkarrYmePT . 

GñkEtgEtRsbCamYyédKUGñkCanic© . 

GñkcMNayeBlevlaxøHedayxøÜnÉg edayKμanédKUrbs;Gñk . 

GñkmanmitþPkþiCitsñiT§EdlsßitenAeRkATMnak;TMngesñharbs;Gñk . 

enAeBlEdleBlevlaknøgeTA GñkmanGarmμN_kan;EtsñitsñalCamYyédKUrbs;Gñk . 

GñknwgeFIVGIV²RKb;y:agedIm,IédKUrbs;Gñk . 

bBaðakarrYmePTminRtUv)anykmkBiPakSa . 

mnusSmñak;EtgeFIVkarseRmccitþRKb;Ebby:agsRmab;KUsgSar b¤KUsVamIPriya . 

GñkbnþsßitenAkñúgTMnak;TMngesñha GaRs½yedayvaRbesIrCagrs;enAmñak;Ég . 

mnusSmñak;vaydMmnusSmñak;eTot edIm,I[mnusSmñak;enaHsþab;bgÁab;Kat; . 

GñkEtgeQøaHRbEkk nigvaytb;KñaCajwkjab; . 

édKUmñak;manGayueRcInCagédKUmñak;eTotCaxøaMg . 

édKUmñak;cg;cab;epþImrYmePT bu:EnþédKUmñak;eTot minTan;)aneRtomlkçN³rYcral; . 

356

357 

CMBUk C

C>4 

siT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUv 

kñúgkarrYmePT 


enHKwCalMhat;mYyd¾l¥ edIm,IeFIV[sikçakamcab;epþImKitGMBIsiT§i nigrebobEdl BYkeKGacP¢ab;siT§i 

TaMgenaHeTAnwgkarTTYlxusRtUv . cMNucFMbMputmYyEdlyuvCnv½yekμgTTYlrgkarvinicä½yenaH KW 

bBaðakarrYmePTrbs;BYkeK . karENnaMKMnitGMBIsiT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrYmePT GacbegáItCa 

EpñkényuT§sa®sþmYyedIm,I pþl;GMNacdl;yuvCnv½yekμg nigRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay . 

GñkRbEhlCaRtUveRtomniymn½yénBaküfa siT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUv enAeBlEdlGñkENnaMGMBI 

lMhat;enH . 

eKalbMNg 


mankaryl;dwg nigGacEsþgecj)any:agc,as;GMBIsiT§ikñúgkarrYmePT 

GacRkelkemIlsiT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrYmePTfa CaEpñkéneKalKMnitFMmYyénsV½yPaBbuKÁl 

ry³eBl 

60 naTI 

smÖar³ 

snøwkb½NÑ hVWt exμAédKUl½r nigRkdas 

karerobcM 

cUrsresr {siT§ikñúgkarrYmePTrbs;´ } nig { karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrYmePTrbs;´ } enAelIpÞaMgRkdas 

FM²cMnYn 2snøwk 

358

CMBUk C 

CMhan 

1> karbMpusKMnit ³ sYrsMnYrfa {etIGIVxøHCa]TahrN_mYycMnYnénsiT§iCamUldæan EdlBYkeyIgmankñúg 

namCabuKÁl?} ]TahrN_ ³ siT§ikñúgkarbeBa©jmtieyabl;edayesrI siT§ikñúgkareRCIserIsGnuvtþCMenO 

sasnapÞal;xøÜn.l. bnÞab;mkcUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIGIVxøHCa]TahrN_mYycMnYnénkarTTYlxusRtUvCa 

mUldæanEdleyIgman kñúgnamCabuKÁl?} ]TahrN_ ³ karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkareKarBRTBüsm,tþirbs; 

GñkdéT edayminlYcRTBüsm,tþirbs;eK karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHRKYsar karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkareKarB 

c,ab; .l. 

2> EbgEcksikçakamCaKU nigEcksnøwkb½NÑ nighVWt CUndl;sikçakam . bgðajb½NÑ 2snøwk Edlman 

cMNgeCIgfa {siT§ikñúgkarrYmePTrbs;´} nig {karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrrYmePTrbs;´} . esñI[KUnimYy² 

BiPakSaGMBIsiT§i nigkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrYmePTmYycMnYnrbs;BYkeK nigsresrmYycMNucenAelI 

b½NÑ 1snøwk . bitb½NÑTaMgGs;enaH eRkamcMNgeCIgEdlsmRsb . 

3> RtUvFanafa siT§ikñúgkarrYmePTxageRkamRtUv)andak;bBa©Úl ¬sUmsresrbEnßm RbsinebIcMNucTaMgGs; 

xageRkam enHminRtUv)anelIkeLIg¦ ³ 

siT§iTTYl)anPaBrIkraykñúgkarrYmePT 

siT§ikñúgkarkarBarxøÜnGñkBICmW 

siT§ikñúgkarbgáarkarmankUnmintamR)afña 

siT§ikñúgkarbdiesFkarrYmePT RbsinebIGñkmincg;rYmePT 

siT§ikñúgkarsEmþgGMBIcMNg;cMNUlcitþkñúgkarrYmePTrbs;Gñk 

siT§ikñúgkarTTYl)anB½t’manGMBIbBaðakarrYmePT nigsuxPaBpøÚvePT 

RtUvFanafa karTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrYmePTxageRkamRtUv)andak;bBa©Úl ³ 

RtUveKarBsiT§irbs;buKÁlEdlniyayfaeT 

RtUvR)ab;B½t’mandl;édKU RbsinebIGñkmanqøgCmWkameraK rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgCmWeGds_ 

RtUveKarBkarseRmccitþrbs;édKUGñk GMBIkarkarBarbBaðarYmePT 

359

C>4 

siT§inigkarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarrYmePT 

4> esñI[sikçakamnimYy²eRCIserIscMNucmYy BIbBa¢ItaragEdlmancMNgeCIgfa {siT§ikñúgkarrYmePT 

rbs;´} EdlKat;yl;eXIjfa mansar³sMxan;bMputcMeBaHxøÜnKat; nigRtUv[Kat;GancMNucenaHlW² . 

esñIsuM[manGñksμ½RKcitþ 2-3nak; EckrMElkGMBIehtuplrbs;BYkeKkñúgkareRCIserIscMNucnimYy² 

enaH . 

360

361 

CMBUk C

C>5 


eKalbMNg 


BinitüemIlsßanPaBTaMgLayNa EdlBi)akkñúgkartRmUv[buKÁlmñak;tmminrYmePT Fanafa édKU 

rbs;Kat;manPaBesμaHRtg; b¤crca[mankareRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y . 

BiPakSaGMBICeRmIsrbs;yuvCnv½yekμg enAeBlEdlBYkeKmankarBi)akkñúgkarkarBarxøÜnBYkeK 

BIemeraKeGds_ nigCmWkameraKdéTeTot . 

GnuvtþkarR)aRs½yTak;TgkúñgkareFIVesckþIseRmccitþ edIm,I[TTYl)ansuxPaBl¥ tamry³kar 

sEmþgtYGgÁ . 

ry³eBl 

90 naTI 

CMhan 

1> EbgEcksikçakamCa 5 Rkum ³ cUrpþl;krNIsikSamYyeTA[RkumnimYy² nigesñI[BYkeKGan 

krNIsikSaenaH RBmTaMgeqøIysMnYrepSg² . bnÞab;BIskmμPaBenH BYkeKKYreFIVkarsEmþgtYGgÁmYy Edl 

tYGgÁsMxan;enAkñúgsac;erOgeFIVkarR)aRs½yTak;TgGMBIkarseRmccitþmYy edIm,I[TTYl)ansuxPaBl¥ . 

2> karpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb; ³ esñI[RkumnimYy²bgðajkrNIsikSa nigcemøIyrbs;BYkeK nigeFIVkar 

sEmþgtYYGgÁ . 


etIeyIgGaceronsURtGIVxøHBIkrNIsikSaTaMgenH? 

etIkrNIenHekIteLIgenAkñúgqakCIvitBitR)akdEdrb¤eT? 

etIGñkGacEckrMElksßanPaBEdlmanlkçN³RsedogKñaeTAnwgkrNIenH EdlGñkFøab;eXIjBI 

munmk )anEdrb¤eT? 

362

CMBUk C 

etIGñkdéTeTot )aneFIVkarseRmccitþdUcemþcxøHenAkñúgsßanPaBTaMgenaH? 

etIkarseRmccitþTaMgenaH bNþal[manplb:HBal;eTAelICIvitrbs;BYkeKy:agdUcemþc? 

4> segçb ³ enAkñúgsßanPaBnimYy²TaMgenH manmnusSmñak;EdlbeBa©jskmμPaBkñúglkçN³mYyEdl 

eFIV[tYGgÁsMxan;enAkñúgsac;erOgmankarBi)akkñúgkarkarBarxøÜnKat; . ebIeTaHCadUecñHkþI tYGgÁsMxan; 

enAkñúgsac;erOgenAEtmansiT§ikñúgkareFIVkarseRmccitþedayxøÜnÉg . 

tula rs;enACamYymþayrbs;nag nigb¥ÚnRsI 3nak; déTeTot . mþayrbs;nag 

manCmW dUecñH tula )anxitxMts‘UpÁt;pÁg;CIvPaBRKYsar . bursv½ycMNas;mñak; 

eQμaH PiruN )anniyayCamYynagGMBIkarts‘UkñúgCIvitrbs;nag . Kat;)an 

elIkeLIgCasMeNImYydl;tula . Kat;)ansuM[nageFIVCasgSar 

rbs;Kat; . sRmab;CasMNgcMeBaHsMeNIenH PiruN nig[R)ak; 

nagmYycMnYnerogral;s)aþh_ ehIyKat;nwgCYyrkkargarmYy[ 

nageFIV EdlRbesIrCagenH . tula cab; GarmμN_eTAnwgRbeyaCn_ 

TaMgenH bu:EnþnagmankarP½yxøackñúgkarEdlnagRtUveFIVCasgSarrbs;PiruN. 

nagdwgfa karEdlnageFIVCasgSarrbs;PiruN nagR)akdCaRtUvrYmePTCamYy 

Kat; . tula minTan;)aneRtomlkçN³ edIm,I[manPaBskmμkñúgkarrYmePT 

enAeLIyeT . nagmanqnÞ³kñúgkareFIVCamitþPkþirbs;Kat; bu:Enþnagmincg;manTMnak; 

TMngpøÚvePTCamYyKat;eLIy . 

sMnYr 

krNIsikSaTI 1 ³ tula 

etIenAkñúgsßanPaBenH tula manCeRmIsGIVxøH? 

etInwgmancMNucGviC¢manGIVxøHEdlGacekIteLIgcMeBaHtula RbsinebI nagseRmccitþmanTMnak;TMng 

pøÚvePTCamYy PiruN? 

etItula GacR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYyPiruNy:agdUcemþc enAeBlEdlnagmincab;GarmμN_kñúgkareFIVCa 

sgSarrbs;Kat;? 

363

C>5 

karrYmePT 

nigkarmak;gay 

krNIsikSaTI 2 ³ eBRC 

eBRC manGayu 18qñaM . kñúgcMeNammitþPkþirbs;Kat;TaMgGs; eBRC KWCakMelaHEtmñak; 

Kt;EdlmanPaBbrisuT§ . enAeBlyb; mitþPkþirbs;eBRC cUlcitþedIrElgxageRkA 

elgbukb‘Íy:a nigTTYlsura: . yb;mYy bnÞab;BITTYlTansura:rYc mitþPkþirbs;eBRC 

)ansYrKat;fa ehtuGIV)anCaKat;minEdlrYmePTBImunmk . BYkeKniyayEpøpáa[Kat; 

faKat;minEmnCabursBitR)akdmñak; . BYkeKk¾bgáb;Gtßn½ykñúgBaküsmþIrbs;BYkeKpg 

Edrfa Kat;enAmanPaBbrisuT§ edaysarEtKat;mincUlcitþRsI² . Kat;)anbdiesFcMNuc 

enH . BYkeK)antbmkKat;vijfa viFIEtmüa:gKt; EdlGacbBa¢ak;fa Kat;cUulcitþmnusS 

RsI KWKat;RtUvrYmePT . BYkeKR)ab;eBRCfa BYkeKnwgeTAEsVgrk®sþIbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay 

naeBlbnþiceTot ehIyeBRC KYrEteTACamYyBYkeK . eBRCmincg;eFIVdUecñHeT . Kat; 

mincg;)at;bg;PaBbrisuT§rbs;Kat; ehIyKat;mincg;rYmePTCamYyGñkbMerIesvakMsanþ 

sb,ay . Kat;manGarmμN_fa TTYlrgsm

CMBUk C 

krNIsikSaTI 3 ³ suFI nig GarI 

suFI nig GarI )anmanTMnak;TMngpøÚvePTmYyqñaMehIy . suFI ykcitþTukdak; 

cMeBaHGarI bu:Enþ Kat;k¾cUlcitþrYmePTCamYynarIdéTEdr . Kat;KμanéfR)ab; 

GarI GMBIbBaðaenHeT eRBaHKat;dwgfa GarIR)adkCacakecjBIKat; RbsinebI 

nagdwgfaKat;eFIVEbbenH . kalBIExmun suFI )ansuM[ ehg EdlCa 

mitþPkþirbs;Kat; CYyniyaykuhkGarIGMBIkEnøgEdlKat;eTA edIm,IkuM[ 

GarIdwgGMBIl,icklrbs;Kat; . ehg mankarFujRTan;kñúgkarCYyniyay 

kuhkCMnYs[mitþPkþirbs;Kat;. Kat;k¾)armÖGMBIédKUrYmePTTaMgGs;rbs; 

suFI nigkarRbQmcMeBaHGarIpgEdr . 

sMnYr 

etIenAkñúgsßanPaBenH ehg manCeRmIsGIVxøH? 

etInwgmancMNucGviC¢manGIVxøHEdlGacekIteLIgcMeBaHGarI EdlbNþalmkBIkarkuhke)akR)as;rbs; 

suFI? 

etInwgmancMNucGviC¢manGIVxøHEdlGacekIteLIgcMeBaHsuFI EdlbNþalmkBIkarkuhke)akR)as;rbs; 

Kat;xøÜnÉg? 

etIehg GacniyayGMBIbBaðakgVl;rbs;Kat;y:agdUcemþc eTAkan;suFI GMBIkarkuhke)akR)as;rbs; 

suFI? 

365

C>5 


krNIsikSaTI 4 ³ ma:lI 

ma:lI manTMnak;TMngCamYypløa CagmYyqñaMehIy . BYkeKmanPaBskmμkñúgkarrYmePT 

ehIyGaRs½yedayma:lI eRbIR)as;fñaMBnüakMeNIt knøgmkBYkeKminEdlBicarNa 

eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½yenaHeT . kalBI2-3Ex mun pløa )anbþÚreTAeFIVkarenAkñúg 

tMbn;TIRbCuMCnmYyeTot . Kat;enAEtmkCYbma:lI mþg b¤BIrdgkñúgmYyEx enAeBlEdl 

Kat;RtLb;mkpÞHvij . ma:lI mankar)armÖfa pløa GacrYmePTCamYy®sþIdéT ehIy 

nagcg;cab;epþImeRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y edIm,IkarBarxøÜnnag . nag)armÖfa pløa min 

yl;GMBIeKalbMNgrbs;nag kñúgkareRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y . 

sMnYr 

etIenAkñúgsßanPaBenH ma:lI manCeRmIsGIVxøH? 

etInwgmancMNucGviC¢manGIVxøHEdlGacekIteLIgcMeBaHma:lI RbsinebInagbnþ 

rYmePTCamYypløa edaymineRbIR)as; eRsamGnam½y? 

etIma:lI GacniyayCamYypløa y:agdUcemþc GMBIkarEdlnag cg;cab;epþIm 

eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y? etIpløa GacCaniyaydUcemþc RbsinebIma:lI esñI 

suM[Kat;eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y? 

366

CMBUk C 

krNIsikSaTI 5 ³ KirI 

KirI )anedIrelgCamYy man mþgmáal . elIkcugeRkayEdlBYkeKenACamYyKña BYkeK 

esÞIrEtQandl; dMNak;kalrYmePTCaelIkdMbUgeTAehIy . ebIeTaHCadUecñHkþI KirI 

minmaneRsamGnam½y ehIyKat;mincg;rYmePTedaymin eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y . 

man min)anxVl;xVayGMBIkareRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½yeT . tamBit nagmanGarmμN_ 

eTIscitþ EdlKirI EbrCacg;eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½yeTAvij . man niyay 

fa { eRsamGnam½y KWsRmab;EtGñkbMerIesvakMsanþ sb,aybu:eNÑaH} ehIy 

nag )anniyaybEnßmeTotfa { eRsamGnam½yeFIV[manGarmμN_minsUvRsYl} . 

KIrImanGarmμN_fa Kat;RtUvniyayCamYy man GMBIkareRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y 

mþgeTot muneBlEdlBYkeKFøak;eTAkñúgsßanPaBeralral elIkeRkay . Kat; 

)anebþCJacitþfa RtUvEteRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y b¤minrYmePT . 

sMnYr 

etIenAkñúgsßanPaBenH KirI manCeRmIsGIVxøH? 

etInwgmancMNucGviC¢manGIVxøHEdlGacekIteLIgcMeBaHKirI RbsinebIKat;rYmePTedaymineRbIR)as; 

eRsamGnam½y? 

etIKirI GacniyayCamYy man y:agdUcemþc GMBIkarEdlKat;cg;eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y? etIGVIxøH 

EdlGacCMrujqnÞ³rbs; man [eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y? 

367

C>6 

karCECkGMBIbBaðaeynD½r 


! lMhat;enHcab;epþImBinitüemIlGMBIbBaðaeynD½r nigrebobEdlkarmak;gay GacmanPaBxusKña rvag 

burs nigRsþI. 

eKalbMNg 


BinitüemIlGMBIrebobEdlyuvCn nigyuvnarI RbQmmuxeTAnwgRbePTénkarmak;gayepSg²Kña 

BiPakSaGMBIrebobEdlkarmak;gay Gacbgá[manplb:HBal;eTAelIyuvCn nigyuvnarI kñúglkçN³ 

epSg²Kña 

ry³eBl 

45 naTI 

CMhan 

1> EbgEcksikçakamCaRkumeTAtameynD½r KWRkumyuvCn nigyuvnarI . cUrpþl;pÞaMgRkdas 1snøwkdl; 

RkumnimYy² . 

2> R)ab;sikçakamfa GñknwgENnaMBYkeK GMBICMhanmYycMnYn . enAeBlEdlGñkQb;mþg² bnÞab;BI)an 

ENnaMGMBICMhannimYy²rYcmk sikçakamKYrBiPakSa nigsresrnUvKMnitmYycMnYn . RkumyuvnarI KYrRsém: 

rUbPaBnarImñak; enAkñúgsac;erOg edayELkRkumyuvCn KYrRsém:rUbPaByuvCn . 

3> Gansac;erOgxageRkam . RtUvQb;bnþic bnÞab;BIGñk)anGansMnYrnimYy² edIm,I[sikçakameFIVkar 

kt;Rta . RtUvRbugRby½tñGMBIeBlevla - minRtUvrg;caMyUreBkenaHeT . 

368

CMBUk C 

4> r)aykarN_RtLb; ³ cUrbitpÞaMgRkdasTaMgGs;enAelICBa¢aMg Gansac;erOgCafμImþgeTot nigpþl; 

»kasdl;sikçakam [GancemøIyBIRkumyuvCn nigRkumyuvnarIbnÞab;BICMhannimYy² . 

CMhanenAkñúgsac;erOg 

1> GñkmanGayu 15qñaM ehIyGñk)anrs;enACamYymþaymIgrbs;Gñk Gs;ry³eBl 2qñaMmkehIy 

bnÞab;BImþayrbs;Gñk)ansøab;eTA . mankumartUc² 3nak;eTot enAkñúgpÞH . 

etIGñkRtUv)aneKrMBwg[eFIVkargarGIVxøHenAkñúgpÞH? 

2> mþaymIgrbs;Gñk erobkarmþgeTot ehIyBUfμIrbs;Gñk cab;epþImcUlmkrs;enAkñúgpÞHCamYyGñkEdr . 

Kat;kacxøaMgNas; ehIyKat;vayeFIV)abGñkmþgmáal . éfmYy Kat;eXIjGñkQrEk,rrbg rg;caM 

mitþPkþirbs;Gñk . Kat;)anERsk[Gñk . 

etIKat;niyayGIVxøHGMBIGñk? 

3> GñkseRmccitþfa GñkminGacrs;enACamYyBUrbs;Gñk)aneToteT ehIyGñkcg;rt;ecjBIpÞH . 

etIGIVxøHCaCeRmIsrbs;Gñk sRmab;karciBa©wmxøÜnGñk? 

4> RbmaNmYyqñaMeRkaymk Gñkcab;epþImmanGarmμN_famanCmW ehIyGñkk¾seRmccitþRtLb;mkpÞH 

mþaymIgrbs;Gñkvij . 

etIGñkTTYl)ankarsVaKmn_dUcemþc enAeBlEdlGñkRtLb;mkdl;pÞH? 


etImanPaBxusKñadUcemþcxøH rvagcemøIyrbs;RkumyuvnarI nigRkumyuvCn? 

etIGIVxøHCaplb:HBal;énkarmak;gayeTAelI k¦yuvnarI x¦ yuvCn? 

etIbBaðaeynD½rmanTMnak;TMngeTAnwgkarmak;gayy:agdUcemþc? 

etIeyIgGacpøas;bþÚrbBaðaTaMgGs;enHedayrebobNa? 

369

C>7 

yuvCnpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 


! lMhat;enHeRbIR)as;krNIsikSa EdlEp¥kelIbTBiesaFn_CIvitBit edIm,IEsVgrkkarmak;gayEdlyuvCn 

v½yekμgpÞúkemeraKeGds_RbQmmux . 

eKalbMNg 


yl;GMBIkarmak;gayEdlyuvCnv½yekμgpÞúkemeraKeGds_RbQmmux 

erobcMbegáItyuT§sa®sþedIm,Ipøas;bþÚrplb:HBal;énkarmak;gayeTAelIyuvCnv½yekμg 

smÖar³ 

ÉksarcmøgénkrNIsikSa 

ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> krNIsikSa ³ EbgEcksikçakamCaRkumtUc² . cUrpþl;krNIsikSamYyCUndl;RkumnimYy²edIm,I 

Gan nigBiPakSa . esñI[RkumnimYy²kt;RtacMNucEdlBYkeK)anrkeXIjenAelIpÞaMgRkdas . 

2> karpþl;r)aykarN_RtLb;eTA[RkumFM³ EckrMElkkrNIsikSa nigbBaðaEdl)anBiPakSa . 

3> dMeNIrkarbnþ ³ {etIeyIgeronsURt)anGIVxøH?} 

370

CMBUk C 



niyay. 

krNIsikSa ³ créN 

GñkmanGayu 22qñaM ehIyGñkmanTMnak;TMngCamYymitþRbusrbs;Gñk 2qñaMmkehIy . 

fμI²enH Gñk)aneFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ EdllT§plbBa¢ak;fa GñkmanpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ . Gñk)anseRmccitþfa minTan;R)ab;B½t’manenHeTA mitþRbusrbs; 

Gñk . GñkRtUv)anpþl;B½t’manGMBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_CafμIeLIgvij ehIyGñkcg; 

karBarmitþRbusrbs;Gñk dUecñH GñkRtUvEsVgrkviFIedIm,Icab;epþImeRbIR)as;eRsam 

Gnam½y . Gñkmindwgfa RtUvniyayGMBIRbFanbTenHy:agdUcemþc enaHeT . 

sMNYr³ etIGñkGacpþl;dMbUnμanGIVxøHdl;créN ? 

krNIsikSa ³ sUv 

GñkmanGayu 14qñaM ehIyGñkmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . GñkkMBugsikSaenAGnuviTüal½y . 

GñkmansñamknÞÜlenAelIEs,kCaeRcIn EdlCYnkalk¾ekIt ehIyCYlkalk¾)at;eTAvij . 

Gñkcab;GarmμN_fa mitþPkþirbs;GñkminR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYyGñkedayesrIenaHeT . 

enAeBlEdlRKUbeRgonerobrab;GMBIbBaðaemeraKeGds_ Kat;sMLwgemIlcMrUbGñk Edl 

eFIV[Gñkman GarmμN_minsUvRsNukkñúgxøÜn . GñkElgcg;sikSaeronsURt . 

sMNYr³ etIeyIgKYreFIVdUcemþc edIm,ICYysUv ? 

371

C>7 

yuvCnpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

krNIsikSa ³ kusl 

GñkmanGayu 19qñaM ehIyGñkKWCasmaCikrbs;bNþajGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ Edlman 

v½yekμgCageKbMput . GñkKitfa KYrdak;bBa©ÚlyuvCnv½yekμg[)ankan;EteRcInenA 

kñúgkmμviFI bu:EnþGñkmanGarmμN_fa GñkdéTminsUvykcitþTukdak;sþab; mtieyabl; 

rbs;Gñk ehIyGñkBi)akrYmcMENkenAkñúgkic©RbCuMenAeBlEdlsmaCikdéTeTot 

niyaylW²? 

sMNYr³ etIRtUv[manGIVxøHekIteLIg edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrcMNucTaMgGs;enH? 

krNIsikSa ³ bu)aö 

GñkmanGayu 17qñaM ehIyGñkmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . GñkkMBugRKb;RKg nigdMeNIrkarRkum 

KaMRTyuvCnpÞúkemeraKeGds_ mYyd¾l,Il,aj . GñkcUlcitþeTAedIrelgxageRkACamYy 

mitþPkþi nigesøóksemøókbMBak;EbbTan;sm½ybMput . éfmYy bgRsIrbs;GñkR)ab; 

Gñkfa GñkCitxagkMBugcab;epþImniiyayGMBIsMBt;xøIEdlGñkcUlcitþesøók . bgRsIrbs; 

Gñkpþl;eyabl;[Gñkpøas;bþÚrrebobesøöókBak;rbs;Gñk . 

sMNYr³ etIGñknwgpþl;dMbUnμan[bu)aö eFIVdUcemþc? 

372

CMBUk C 

krNIsikSa ³ qay 

GñkmanGayu 12qñaM ehIyGñkkMBugrs;enACamYyCIdUn nigb¥ÚnRbusrbs;Gñk . RbCaCn 

EdlenAvtþGaramdwgfa «Bukmþay rbs;Gñksøab;edaysarCmWeGds_ ehIyBYkeKEtg 

xSwbGMBIrUbragrbs;Gñk . GñkB¤smþInrNamñak;niyayedayécdnü {´sgÇwmfa vanwg 

mineFIVxusdUcCaEm:vaenaHeT} . GñkR)ab;CIdUnrbs;Gñkfa Gñkmincg;eTAvtþeTot 

eLIy . 

sMNYr³ etImanGIVxøHEdlGacCYyeRsacRsg;sßanPaBenH)an? 

krNIsikSa ³ esaP½NÐ 

GñkmanGayu 16qñaM ehIyGñkmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . kalBIqñaMmun Gñkman 

CmWFn;Fr ehIyGñkRtUveTAsMrakenAÉmnÞIreBTü . bc©úb,nñ GñkmanPaBFUr 

RsaleLIgvij ehIyGñkkMBugeRbIR)as;»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ nigman 

suxPaBl¥RbesIr . \LÚvenH Gñkcab;GarmμN_eXIjfa RKb;eBlEdlGñk 

cg;CYbCamYymitþPkþi b¤eTAxageRkACamYybgRsIrbs;Gñk mþayrbs;Gñk 

EtghamXat;Gñk ehIyKat;niyayfa GñkKYrEtenApÞHsMrak eTIbCa 

karRbesIrCag . 

sMNYr³ etIesaP½NÐ GaceFIVGIVxøH edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrsßanPaBenH? 

373

CMBUkQ³ 

kareFVIclnaeq

enAcugbBa©b;énemeronenH 

sikçakamTaMgGs;RtUv)anrMBwgTukfaGac ³ 

erobcMEpnkarskmμPaBCak;lak;mYyedIm,I 

RbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay enAkñúgshKmn_ 

rbs;BYkeK nig 

eFVIkarebþCJacitþCasaFarN³ kñúgkareFVIkargarCa 

lkçN³buKÁl nigCasmUhPaB edIm,IkMNt; 

GtþsBaØaNyl;dwg nigRbqaMgeTAnwgkar 

mak;gay. 

Q>1> 

Q>2> 

Q>3> 

Q>4> 

Q>5> 

Q>6> 

Q>7> 

lMhat; 

cab;epþImCamYynwgTsSn³ 

vis½ymYy {BiPBmYyEdlKμan 

karmak;gay} 

karedaHRsaybBaðaenAkñúgRkum 

GñkGnuvtþkargar 

c,ab; b¤eKalneya)aysþIBIeGds_ 

karRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gayenA 

kñúgsßab½nrbs;eyIg 

skmμPaBrbs;shKmn_RbqaMg 

eTAnwgkarmak;gay 

yuT§nakarCak;lak;RbqaMgkar 

mak;gay 

10CMhan edIm,Ieq8> 

Q>9> rebobRbqaMgkarniyaymak;gay 

Q>10> karRbqaMgkarmak;gayenAkñúg 

RbB½n§pSBVpSay 

sarKnøwH 

eyIgmñak;² mankarTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarRbqaMgkarmak;gay . eyIgTaMgGs;Kña GacedIrtYnaTIGb;rMGñk 

déT nigeFVIkarts‘Umti edIm,I[man\riyabT nigkarRbRBwtþfμI. 

RtUveFVIxøÜnCaCnKMrU . GnuvtþGVIEdlGñk)aneronsURt eTAkñúgCIvitpÞal;xøÜnrbs;Kat;. cUrKitGMBIBaküEdl 

GñkFøab; niyayGMBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigBüayampøas;bþÚrebobKit nigskmμPaBrbs;Gñk. 

elIkTwkcitþemdwknaMshKmn_ [niyayGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ RBmTaMgefáaleTaseTAelIkar 

mak;gay. 

375

376 

elIkTwkcitþGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_[niyay edIm,ICYy[RbCaBlrdæTUeTA yl;GMBIGarmμN_kñúgkarEdl 

buKÁlmñak;køayCakmμvtßúénkarmak;gay. 

EckrMElknUvGVIEdlGñk)aneronsURt. bnÞab;BIvKÁbNþúHbNþalenH cUrR)ab;GñkdéTGMBIGVIEdlGñk)an 

eronsURt nigCMruj[GñkdéTniyayGMBIrebobkat;bnßykarmak;gay. 

niyayedayebIkcMhrGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ . vanwgCYy[RbCaBlrdæTUeTAemIleXIjfa 

RbFanbTenH KμanGVIKYr[xμaseGon b¤KYrhamXat;min[niyayenaHeT. karniyayedayebIkcMhr 

GMBIemeraKeGds_ nwgpþl;GMNacdl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigCYybn§Úrbnßykarmak;gayxøÜnÉgmYy 

kMritpgEdr. 

sRmbsRmYlkarBiPakSa CamYyRKYsar mitþPkþi nigGñkCitxag GMBIkarmak;gay . etITRmg;énkar 

mak;gayTUeTA enAkñúgshKmn_rbs;GñkmanGVIxøH? etIktþaGVIxøHEdlbgá[mankarbnþekIteLIgnUvkar 

bMBanTaMgenH? etIeyIgGaceFVIGVIxøH edIm,I[mankarpøas;bþÚr? 

eCosvageRbIR)as;BaküsmþIEdlbgáb;Gtßn½ymak;gay. CMnYs[kareRbIR)as;Baküfa {CnrgeRKaH} 

cUreRbIR)as; BaküEdlmanGtßn½yviC¢man dUcCa {GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_} nig eRbIR)as;Baküfa {BYkeyIg} 

minEmn {BYkeK} enaHeT. 

RtUvRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay enAeBlEdlGñkeXIjmankarmak;gayenAÉpÞH kEnøgkargar nigshKmn_ 

rbs;Gñk. RtUvniyay nigerobrab;GMBIeQμaHénbBaða RBmTaMgeFVI[RbCaBlrdæTUeTAdwgfa karmak;gay 

bgá[mankarQWcab;. 

eFVIskmμPaBRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gayCalkçN³shKmn_. shKmn_nimYy² GacRkeLkemIlkar 

mak;gay enAkñúgbribTrbs;BYkeK nigÉkPaBeTAelIcMnucCak;EsþgmYy b¤BIrcMnuc EdlshKmn_TaMg 

mUlGaceFVI)anedIm,I[mankarpøas;bþÚ.

karniyayfa {karmak;gayKWxus} minRKb;RKan;eLIy . RtUvCYyRbCaCn eFVIclnaeq

elIkTwkcitþRbCaCn[niyayedayebIkcMhrGMBIkarP½yxøac nigkar)armÖrbs;BYkeKcMeBaHemeraK 

eGds_ nigCMgWeGds_. 

EktRmUvCMenOminRtwmRtUv nigkaryl;xuscMeBaHemeraKeGds_ nigGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

elIkkMBs;KMnit {karsþab;kñúglkçN³CamitþPaB nigkarKaMRTcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigRKYsarrbs; 

BYkeK}. 

ktþaCRmuj[shKmn_eFVIskmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gay 

]TahrN_énskmμPaBEdlCMruj[RbCaCnkMNt;GtþsBaØaN nigviPaKeTAelIkarmak;gaykñúgshKmn_ ³ 

karbBa¢ak;Ca ksSiNsakSIBIPaKIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤RKYsarrbs;BYkeK GMBIbTBiesaFn_pÞúk 

emeraKeGds_rbs; BYkeK. 

karRbugRby½tñcMeBaHPasa - kumarsisSsala b¤RkumyuvCnGac {eFVIkarGegátedaykarsþab;} 

edIm,IkMNt;rkBakümak;gay EdleKeRbIR)as;enAkñúgshKmn_ RbB½n§pSBVpSay b¤cMerogRbCaRbiy 

nana. 

karkMNt;EpnTIshKmn_eTAelIkarmak;gay - CMruj[shKmn_eFVIEpnTIénTIkEnøgEdlmankar 

mak;gay nig dak;bgðajEpnTIenaHenAkEnøgRbCMuCnkñúgshKmn_. 

kareFVIdMeNIrBinitüemIlenAkñúgshKmn_ edIm,IkMNt;rkcMnucnanaénkarmak;gayenAkñúgshKmn_. 

karsMEdgelçanniyay edayRkumyuvCn Ep¥kelI]TahrN_BitR)akd - CMruj[mankarBiPakSa. 

rUbPaB KUredayyuvCn b¤kumar EdlCacMnucepþat b¤cMnuccab;epþImsRmab;karBiPakSa. 

kic©RbCMushKmn_ edIm,IBiPakSaGMBIGVIEdl)aner onsURtBIviFIsaRsþTaMgGs;xagelI nigeFVIkarseRmc 

citþGMBIGVIEdlshKmn_cg;eFVI - ]TahrN_ karÉkPaBeTAelIRkmsIlFm’mYy karKaMRTCak;lak;cMeBaH 

RKYsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nig kumarkMRBa .l. 

sikçasalabNþúHbNþal GMBIkarmak;gaysRmab;shKmn_ nigRbFanRkummitþGb;rMmitþ . 

378

karebþCJacitþ - Fanafa RbCaBlrdæEdlcg;eFVI[mankarpøas;bþÚmYy RtUv)anpþl;»kas[EføgGMBIkarebþCJa 

citþrbs;BYkeKkñúgkarRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gayCasaFarN³. skmμPaBcab;epþImBIkarebþCJacitþ ehIy 

karebþCJacitþd¾xøaMgkøa Fanafa]bsKÁ RtUv)anRbqaMgedayeCaKC½y. karebþCJacitþrbs;emdwknaM edIrtY 

naTICaKMrU nigCakarelIkTwkcitþsRmab;GñkdéTeTot. enAeBlEdlGaceFVIeTA)an RtUvEsVgrk]TahrN_ 

GMBIrebobEdlkarebþCJacitþrbs;mnusSmñak; naM[QaneTAdl;skmμPaBEdleFVI[manPaBkarpøas;bþÚr 

enAkñúgshKmn_rbs;Kat;. 

379

Q>1 cab;epþImCamYynwgTsSn³vis½ymYy 

{BiPBmYyEdlKμankarmak;gay} 


lMhat;enHCYy[eyIgKitGMBIBiPBmYyEdll¥\tex©aHEdleyIgRsém:cg;)an sRmab;CacMnuccab;epþIm 

edIm,IerobcMEpnkarskmμPaB. 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;vKÁenH sikçakamnwgGac³ 

kMNt;rkeXIjnUv]bsKÁcm,g²mYycMnYnEdlraMgsÞHdl;karRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

kMNt;rkeXIjskmμPaBCak;lak;EdlRtUvGnuvtþ edIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

kMNt;niymn½yeTAelIlT§pleCaKC½yénkareFVIGnþraKmn_ 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

CMhan 

380 

1> BiPBmYyEdlKμankarmak;gay ³ cUrEckb½NÑ nighVWtsMrab;sresr. esñIsikçakam[KUrrUb nig 

sresrBaküeBCn_erobrab;GMBI {BiPBmYyEdlKμankarmak;gay} nigbitb½NÑenAelICBa¢aMg kñúglkçN³ 

CakarKUrrUbCaRkum. RbsinebImaneBlevlaRKb;RKan; cUresñI[sikçakamKUrrUbcMnYnBIrpÞaMg EdlpÞaMg 

TI1 bgðajGMBIBiPBbc©úb,nñEdleBareBjeTAedaykarmak;gay nig rUbPaBpÞaMgTI2 KWCarUbPaB 

kþIRsém:rbs;BYkeK GMBIBiPBmYyEdlKμankarmak;gay. 

bnÞab;mk cUresñI[RkumnimYy²niyayBnül;GMBIpÞaMgKMnUrrbs;BYkeK ³ 

etIrUbPaBenHmanGtßn½ydUcemþc? etIeKRsemIRsém:cg;[mankarpøas;bþÚrdUcemþcxøH? 

etIeyIgGaceFVIGVI)anxøH edIm,IksagBiPBEbbenH? 

etICMhandMbUgEdlnaM[mankarpøas;bþÚ manGVIxøH?

CMBUk Q 






TsSn³vis½ysRmab;eBlGnaKt 

enAeBlEdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ebIkcMhrGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeKeTARKYsar 

BYkeKnwgTTYl)ankarKaMRT nigesckþIRslaj;. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigRKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_ minRtUv)andak;[enA 

dac;edayELk niglak;)aMgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ manCIvitrs;enAy:agskmμ nigRbkbedayplitPaBx>.l. 

elIkTwkcitþGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ [cUlrYmkñúgkarGb;rMshKmn_GMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_. 

381

Q>2 

karedaHRsaybBaðaenAkñúg 

RkumGñkGnuvtþkargar 


enAkñúglMhat;enH sikçakameFVIkargareTAtamRkumviC¢aCIv³rbs;BYkeK - ]> Kilanubdæayika Gñkpþl;RbwkSa 

GñkEfTaMtampÞH RKUbeRgon .l. edIm,IviPaKeTAelIbBaða enAkñúgbribTpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK RBmTaMg 

EsVgrkdMeNaHRsay. lMhat;enHGaceRbIR)as;enAkñúgsikçasalaFM² EdlmanGñkcUlrYmBIRkumGñk 

Gnuvtþkargar epSg²Kña. 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énvKÁenH sikçakamnwg)anGPivDÆyuT§saRsþsRmab;CMnHkarmak;gayenAkñúgbribTpÞal;xøÜn 

rbs;BYkeK. 

RkumeKaledA 

HCP, NGO 

ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

kareRtomlkçN³ 

erobcMbitpøaksBaØaenAelICBa¢aMgepSg²KñaenAkñúgbnÞb; edIm,I[manTIkEnøgCYbRbCMu sRmab;RkumEdl 

GnuvtþParkic©epSg²Kña. ]TahrN_ ³ k¦ RkumKaMRTGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ x¦ RkumEfTaMtampÞH K¦ 

Rkumpþl;RbwkSa nig eFVIetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ X¦ buKÁliksuxPaB ¬Kilanubdæayika¦ g¦ kEnøg 

kargar c¦ salaeron 

CMhan 

382

CMBUk Q 

1> EbgEcksikçakamCaRkum ³ esñI[sikçakamcUlrYmenAkñúgRkumGñkEdlmanGaCIBviC¢aCIv³dUcBYkeK. 

2> Parkic©sRmab;RkumnimYy² ³ esñI[RkumnimYYy²BiPakSaGMBIbBaðaxageRkam nigerobcMEpnkar 

skmμPaBCak;lak; ³ 

etIGñkeXIjmanTRmg;énkarmak;gaydUcemþcxøHenAkñúgGgÁkar b¤shKmn_rbs;Gñk? 

cUrkMNt;GaTiPaB - etIGVIeTACabBaðakarmak;gayFMCageKbMput enAkñúgGgÁkar b¤shKmn_ 

rbs;Gñk? 

etIGVIeTACaRbPBénbBaðaenH? 

etIdMeNaHRsaysRmab;bBaðaenH GacmanGVIxøH? 

cUrkMNt;rkcMnucCak;lak;cMnYnBIr b¤bIcMnuc EdlGñkcg;eFVI edIm,IlubbM)at;karmak;gayenAkñúg 

bribTenH. 

CMrujRkumTaMgGs;[manPaBCak;lak; {RtUvKit[)anFM¡ cab;epþImBIIskmμPaBtUc¡ eFVIskmμPaB\LÚvenH¡} 

3> karpþl;r)aykarN_Rtlb; ³ esñIRkumnimYy²pþl;r)aykarN_mYy bnÞab;mkRtUvRbmUlmtieyabl; 

BIsikçakamdéT. 



niyay. 

elIkTwkcitþRkumTaMgGs;[epþateTAelIGVIEdlBYkeKGaceFVI)an enAkñúgRbePTkargarviC¢aCIv³rbs;BYkeK 

{CaskmμPaBtUc nigGaceFVIeTA)an} EdlBYkeKGaccab;epþImeFVIPøam² edayBMucaM)ac;BwgEp¥kelIFnFan 

eRcInBIxageRkA. 

383

Q>2 

karedaHRsaybBaðaenAkñúgRkumGñkGnuvtþkargar 






mNÐlsuxPaB 

TRmg;énkarmak;gay ³ kardak;[enAdak;edayELk nigkarmineGIreBI cMeBaHGñkCMgWEdlQWraMér:. 

TMnak;TMngEpñkragÁkay rvagKilanubdæayika nigGñkCMgWmankMrit GaRs½yedayxøacqøgemeraKeGds_. 

Kilanubdæayika niyayedImGMBIRbvtþiénkarRbRBwtþpøÚvePTrbs;GñkCMgW nigbgðajGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_rbs;GñkCMgW eTAGñkCMgWdéTeTot. Kilanubdæayika mYycMnYn e)aHbg;GñkCMgW edayniyayfa 

{caM)ac;x¢Hx¢ayeBlevlaeFVIGI ebIBYkeKKg;Etsøab;dEdl²hñwg} . 

yuT§saRsþedIm,IRbyuT§RbqaMgkarmak;gay ³ pþl;bc©úb,nñPaBdl;buKÁliksuxPaB GMBIbBaðaemeraKeGds_ 

»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_ nigbBaðakarmak;gay tamry³karpþl;karbNþúHbNþalbeNþIr pþl;esvakmμ 

beNþIr. CYybuKÁliksuxPaB [niyayGMBIGarmμN_pÞal;xøÜn nigkarP½yxøacrbs;BYkeKcMeBaHemeraKeGds_ 

nigkarBüa)alGñkCMgWeGds_. beRgonBYkeKGMBIrebobBüa)alGñkCMgWedayRbugRby½tñ. beRgonBYkeK 

GMBIviFanRbugRby½tñskl. erobcMbegáItRkmGnuvtþ. karBarsiT§irkSakarsmat;rbs;GñkCMgW. erobcM 

[man {dMeNIrBinitüemIlenAkñúgshKmn_} tamry³KøInik edIm,IkMNt;rkcMnucénkarmak;gay ¬sUm 

emIlcMnuc q4 xageRkam sRmab;xøwmsarlMGiténRbePTskmμPaBenH¦ . 

shKmn_ 

TRmg;énkarmak;gay ³ GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigRKYsarrbs;BYkeK RbQmmuxeTAnwgkardak;[enAdac; 

edayELk karniyayedIm nigkarerIseGIg. GñkCitxagQb;mksYrsuxTukç EckrMElkGahar TijsmÖar³ 

cMNIGahar BIhagrbs; BYkeK b¤Qb;eRbIR)as;esvakmμrbs;BYkeK - ]> esvaemIlEfTark. 

yuT§saRsþedIm,IRbyuT§RbqaMgkarmak;gay ³ elIkkMBs;karyl;dwg nigCMnHkarP½yxøac nigkarmak;gay 

tamry³ karpþl;B½t’manRtwmRtUvGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigrebobEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . CMruj[Gñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_cUlrYmeFVICaGñksRmbsRmYl . erobcM[mankic©RbCMushKmn_ RkummitþGb;rMmitþ nig 

RkumcuHsYrsuxTukçtampÞH. CMruj[man karcUlrYmBIbuKÁliksuxPaBenAkñúgkic©RbCMushKmn_. 

384

CMBUk Q 


TRmg;énkarmak;gay ³ buKÁlik HBC RbQmeTAnwgkarmak;gayedaykarEdlBYkeKBak;B½n§eTAnwg 

emeraKeGds_ - BYkeKRtUv)ansgÁmbdiesFn_ edaysgÁmniyayfa BYkeKekIteGds_. GñkCMgWbdiesFn_ 

BYkeK enAeBlEdlBYkeKcuHsYrsuxTukçtampÞH. karesøokBak;ÉksNæan CMruj[mankarmak;gay 

cMeBaHRKYsar ¬BIsMNak;GñkCitxag¦. eKyl;eXIjfa karcuHsYrsuxTuk KWCasBaØabBa¢ak;BImrNPaB. 

yuT§saRsþedIm,IRbyuT§RbqaMgkarmak;gay ³ elIkkMBs;karyl;dwg edaypþl;B½t’manRtwmRtUvGMBIemeraK 

eGds_ nig karmak;gay nigrebobEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_. Qb;esøokBak;ÉksNæan kñúgGMLúgeBl 

énkarcuHsYrsuxTukçtampÞH. RtUveFVIxøÜnCaCnKMrUsRmab;smaCikRKYsar edIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

kñúgRKYsar. 

kEnøgkargar 

TRmg;énkarmak;gay ³ buKÁlikeKcmux nigniyayedImGMBIbuKÁlikdéTeTot EdleKsnñidæanfamanpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_. )at;bg;»kas ¬kargar kartemøIgzan³¦ enAeBlEdleKdwgGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_rbs;xøÜn. 

yuT§saRsþedIm,IRbyuT§RbqaMgkarmak;gay ³ Tak;TajedIm,ITTYl)ankarKaMRTBIGñkRKb;RKg kñúgkarbegáIt 

[mannUvbriyakasEdlRbkbedayTMnukcitþ fabuKÁliknwgmin)at;bg;kargareLIy RbsinebIBYkeKebIk 

cMhrGMBIsßanPaBpÞúk emeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK. eFVIkarCamYyGñkRKb;RKg edIm,IbegáIteKalneya)ay - 

]> RbeyaCn_EpñksuxPaB karbnþpþl;kargareFVI. pþl;RbwkSa nigkareFVIetsþQamedaysμR½Kcitþ nig»sf 

RbqaMgemeraKeGds_. Gb;rMbuKÁlikGMBIsiT§i. elIkTwkcitþ[manRkumKaMRTGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ enAkñúg 

kEnøgkargar. CMruj[manRkmGnuvtþmYy. 

TRmg;énkarmak;gay ³ bgá[mankarb:HBal;EpñkstiGarmμN_ sarminRtwmRtUvEdlbNþal[mankar 

P½yxøaccMeBaHCMgWeGds_ nigGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ - ]> {eGds_eFVI[eyIgsøab;} {eGds_KWCakarkat;eTas 

RbharCIvit}. sarEdlbgðajfa {eGds_mann½yfakarsøab;Pøam²}. B½t’manpÞúyKña EdleFVI[RbCaBlrdæ 

TUeTAmankarPan;RclM. 

yuT§saRsþedIm,IRbyuT§RbqaMgkarmak;gay ³ pþl;B½t’manbc©úb,nñPaB nigB½t’manRtwmRtUv. eCosvag 

eRbIR)as;rUbPaB EdlbgákarKMramkMEhg. pþl;rUbPaBviC¢man nigRbkbedaykþIsgÇwm GMBIGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ - ]> rUbPaBEdlbgðaj GMBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mansuxPaBl¥ rs;enAFmμta nigrYmcMENk 

dl;RKYsar nigsgÁmy:agskmμ. 

385

Q>3 c,ab; b¤eKalneya)aysþIBIeGds_ 

386 


lMhat;enHRtUv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IeFVI[sikçakamdwgGMBIc,ab;fμImYysþIBIeGds_kñúgRbeTskm karcab;epþImedaykarsYrsMNYr ³ cUrsresrsMnYrmYyenAelIsnøwkRkdasepSg²Kña nigRtUv 

Rcbl;sMnYrTaMgenaH muneBlpþl;eTA[sikçakamnimYy² . esñI[sikçakamnimYy²GansMnYrEdlxøÜnTTYl 

)an nigeqøIyeTAnwgsMnYrenaH . 

etIesvasuxPaBmYyGacbdiesFminBüa)alGñkCmWmñak;edaysarEtKat;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ Edr 

b¤eT? 

etIbuKÁlikEfTaMsuxPaBmñak;RtUv)anGnuBaØat[eFIVkarEdrb¤eT RbsinebIKat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_?

CMBUk Q 

etIRbFanmnÞIreBTümansiT§idwgGMBIlT§pleFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_rbs;GñkCmWEdrb¤eT? 

etI®sþImanépÞeBaHEdlRtUv)anpþl;karBüa)aleday»sfRbqaMgemeraKeGds_eday\tKitéfø KW 

edIm,Ikat;bnßykarRbQménkarcmøgemeraKeGds_BImþayeTAkUn Emn b¤minEmn? 

etIvaRsbc,ab;Edrb¤eTRbsinebIkareFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_RtUv)aneFIVeLIgedaymin)an 

R)ab;[GñkCmWdwg? 

etIsßiteRkamkal³eTs³EbbNaxøH EdlbuKÁlmñak;GacesñIsuM[mankareFIVetsþQamrkemeraK 

eGds_sRmab;smaCikRKYsarrbs;Kat;? 

esvasuxPaBEdleFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_KYrpþl;RbwkSamun nigeRkayeBleFIVetsþQam 

CUn dl;GñkCmW . etIBMenalenHRtUv b¤xus? 

2> c,ab;fμIsþIBIeGds_¬bTbgðaj¦ ³ cUrpþl;bTbgðaj PowerPoint mYyGMBIc,ab;sþIBIeGds_fμI 

edayeRbIR)as;bBaða Edl)anelIkeLIgBIxagelIedIm,ICMruj[mankarBiPakSa . bnÞab;mkRtUvEckÉksar 

cmøgénc,ab; b¤ÉksarEdlKUsbBa¢ak; cMNucsMxan;²enAkñúgc,ab; CUndl;sikçakam . 

387

Q>4 

karRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

enAkñúgsßab½nrbs;eyIg 


lMhat;enHpþl;nUvviFIsa®sþsamBaØmYy edIm,IkMNt;GtþsBaØaNkarmak;gayenAkñúgsßab½nrbs;eyIg 

nigedIm,ICMrujkarBiPakSaCamYybuKÁlik nigsmaCikshKmn_[eFIVGIVmüa:gGMBIbBaðaenH . edayman 

eKalbMNgepþateTAelIbuKÁliksuxPaB nigbuKÁlikmCÄmNÐlshKmn_ emeronenHGaceRbIR)as;Ca 

EpñkmYyénkarbNþúHbNþalGMBIkarmak;gayenAkñúgkEnøgkargar . 

lMhat;enH ¬dMeNIrBinitüemIl nigkarCECkGMBIkarmak;gay¦ k¾GaceRbIR)as;CacMNuccab;epþIm edIm,I 

erobcMRkm GnuvtþfμIEdlmaneKalbMNgbegáIt[mannUvKøInik b¤mnÞIreBTümYyEdlKμankarmak;gay . 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;GtþsBaØaNkarmak;gayenAkñúgsßab½nrbs;BYkeK 

erobcMbegáItEpnkarskmμPaBCak;Esþg edIm,IeFIV[mankarpøas;bþÚrCak;lak;enAkñúgsßab½n edIm,Ikat; 

bnßykarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgcMeBaHemeraKeGds_ 

RkumeKaledA 

HCP, NGO, &CRO 

ry³eBl 

3 em:ag 

CMhan 

kareFIVdMeNIrBinitüemIl nigkarCECkedIm,IkMNt;rkkarmak;gay³ 

skmμPaBenHmaneKalbMNgkMNt;GtþsBaØaN karmak;gayenAtamsßab½nEdlpþl;esvadl;shKmn_ nig 

bnÞab;mkRtUvsRmbsRmYlkarBiPakSaedIm,IeFIV[mankarpøas;bþÚrsmRsb . CMhanenAkñúgdMeNIrkarenH rYmman ³ 

388

CMBUk Q 

1> kMNt;rksßab½nEdlRtUvsikSa - ]> KøInik b¤ mnÞIreBTü mCÄmNÐleFIVetsþQamedaysμ½RKcitþnig 

rkSakarsmat; GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alEdleFIVkargarBak;B½n§eTAnwgbBaðaeGds_ .l. edaymankar 

BieRKaHeyabl;CamYybuKÁlikrbs;sßab½nenaH . 

2> BiPakSaCamYybuKÁlik GMBIGIVEdlnwgekIteLIg nigrebobEdlBYkeKnwgcUlrYm . 

3> begáItRkumrYmmYYy rYmmanbuKÁliksßab½n nigsmaCikshKmn_ ¬rab;bBa©ÚlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

nigRKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_¦edIm,IGnuvtþkareFIVdMeNIrBinitüemIlkarmak;gay. 

4> eFIVkarbgðajENnaMdl;RkumCamun- BiPakSaGMBIeKalbMNg nigGIVEdlRkumRtUvEsVgrk dUcCa 

TIkEnøg nigskmμPaB Edlkarmak;gayKWCabBaða nigrebobEdlskmμPaBnwgRtUv)ansaksYr RBmTaMg 

ykmkerobcMeFIVCaEpnkarskmμPaBenAeBlbnÞab; . 

5> GnuvtþkareFIVdMeNIrBinitüemIlkarmak;gay- RtUveFIVkarkt;RtakñúgGMLúgeBlénkareFIVdMeNIr 

nigsresrkMNt;RtaTaMgenaHenAelIpÞaMgRkdas EdlbgðajGMBIEpñk¼vis½yepSg²Kña RBmTaMgskmμPaB 

enAkñúgsßab½n nigcMNucénkarmak;gay . 






kEnøgrg;caM ³ GñkCmWeKcmuxecjBIGñkCmWdéTeTot EdlmaneraKsBaØaKYr[kt;smÁal; . karmak;gay 

sMedA cMeBaHGñkEdleKsgS½yfa manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ - ]> manrUbragsÁmsÁaMg b¤mansñamknÞÜl 

enAelIEs,k . 

389

Q>4 

karRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gayenAkñúgsßab½nrbs;eyIg 


bnÞb;Kilanubdæayika ³ Kilanubdæayikamñak;)anbgðajGMBIkarP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_ edayKat;enA 

qayBIGñkCmW . GñkCmWmñak;RCuHb½NÑCmWrebgrbs;Kat; ehIyGñkdéTeTot )anemIleXIjb½NÑenaH . 

ktþaenHeFIV[Kat;minsb,aycitþ ehIyKat;k¾cakecjBIkEnøgrg;caM . Kat;)armÖfa GñkdéTnwgmak;gay 

Kat; GaRs½yedayCmWrebgmanBak;B½n§eTAnwgCmWeGds_ . 

KøInikBiinitüépÞeBaH ³ ®sþIRtUv)aneFIVetsþQamrkemeraKeGds_ EdlCaEpñkmYyénesvaBinitüépÞeBaH . 

enAeBlEdl®sþIRtUv)anR)ab;fa BYkeKpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ®sþImYycMnYnmanRbtikmμrBa¢ÜyGarmμN_CaxøaMg . 

Kilanubdæayika pþl;karKaMRTtictYcenAeBlEdlCRmabB½t’mandl;®sþIGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

rbs;BYkeK . 

1> karsaksYrsMnYr ³ erobcM[mankic©RbCuMrYmmYyCamYybuKÁlikrbs;sßab½n nigsmaCikshKmn_ 

edIm,IBiPakSa ³ 

etIGIVxøHCaTRmg;énkarmak;gaycm,g²EdlRtUv)ankMNt;rkeXIj? 

etIGIVxøHCabuBVehtuEdlbNþal[mannUvTRmg;énkarmak;gayTaMgenaH? 

etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøHedIm,IecosvagbBaðaTaMgenH? 

erobcMEpnkarskmμPaBmYyedaymanbBa©ÚlcMNucxageRkamenAkñúgrebobvar³ 

kMNt;rkskmμPaBCak;lak;edIm,I[mankarpøas;bþÚr 

etInrNanwgeFIVskmμPaBnimYy² ehIyskmμPaBTaMgenaHnwgRtUveFVIenAeBlNa? 

etIsucnakrGIVxøHEdlnwgbgðajfa bBaðaRtUv)anedaHRsay? 

sMKal; ³ EpnkarskmμPaBlMGitKYrRtUv)anerobcMeLIgedayEpñknimYy² ¬]> EpñkEfTaMTUeTA Epñk 

BinitüépÞeBaH .l.¦ edIm,I[EpñknimYy²mankarebþCJacitþkñúgkarGnuvtþEpnkar . 

390

CMBUk Q 

RkmGnuvtþ ³ lMhat;enHk¾GaceRbIR)as;edIm,IerobcMRkmGnuvtþmYypgEdr EdlRkmGnuvtþenHKWCaesckþI 

ENnaM sRmab;buKÁliksuxPaB nigmaneKalbMNgbegáIt[mannUvKøInik b¤mnÞIreBTümYyEdlKμan 

karmak;gay . karENnaM TaMgenHRtUvtak;EtgeLIgedaybuKÁliksuxPaB nigeRbIR)as;enAkñúgkargar 

rbs;BYkeK . kartak;EtgnUvkarENnaM TaMgenHnwgCYyksag[mannUvPaBCam©as;kñúgcMeNambuKÁlik 

EdlTMngnwgGnuvtþnItiviFIfμIenH . 

karGnuvtþRkmGnuvtþfμIRbcaMéf nwgCYyBRgwg nigsRmYcGIVEdl)ansikSaeronsURtkñúgGMLúgeBlénvKÁ 

bNþúHbNþal. buKÁliknwgcab;epþImGnuvtþenAkñúgkEnøgkargarrbs;BYkeK nUvrebobeFIVkargarfμIEdl 

KμankarerIseGIg EdlnwgkøayCabTdæanénkarGnuvtþkargar . kñúglkçN³enH buKÁliknwgbegáIt[ 

mannUvKøInik b¤mnÞIreBTümYyEdlKμankarmak;gay {mansuvtßiPaB nigPaBrak;Tak; } . 

mnÞIreBTümYycMnYn)anerobcMbegáItRkmGnuvtþpÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeKrYceTAehIy . RkmnimYy²rYmman 

esckþIENnaMGMBI karGnuvtþdUcxageRkam ³ 

karTTYl)annUvesvakmμemeraKeGds_ 

karpþl;RbwkSa nigkareFIVetsþQam 

karrkSakarsmat; 

karRbugRby½tñCaskl 

karbNþúHbNþalGMBIemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

karGnuvtþeKalneya)ay 

391

Q>5 

skmμPaBrbs;shKmn_ 

RbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay 


eRbIR)as;;lMhat;enHCarebobvar³sRmab;kic©RbCuMshKmn_ . cUreRbIR)as; sac;erOgpÞal;mYyrbs; 

shKmn_ b¤sac;erOgmYykñúgcMeNamsac;erOgnanaenATMB½rbnÞab; . 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énkic©RbCuMshKmn_nwgÉkPaBeTAelIEpnkarCak;Esþg edIm,IbBaÄb;karmak;gay nigkar 

erIseGIgcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigKaMRTdl;RKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_ . 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

2-3 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> El,gfamBl ³ cab;epþImCamYynwgskmμPaBEl,gfamBlmYy edIm,IbegáIt[mannUvcMNab; 

GarmμN_ nigsμartI shKmn_ . 

392 

2> eBlevlashKmn_ ³ esñI[shKmn_BiPakSasMnYrxageRkam ³ 

etIRbvtþiemeraKeGds_enAkñúgshKmn_rbs;GñkmanlkçN³dUcemþc? etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAeBl 

EdlshKmn_ dwgGMBIbBaðaemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_elIkdMbUg? etIbc©úb,nñenHsßanPaBmanlkçN³ 

dUcemþcEdr? 

etIGIVxøHCa\riyabfrbs;RbCaBlrdæTUeTAcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_? etIeK)anRbRBwtþcMeBaHGñkpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_y:agdUcemþcxøH? etIkarRbRBwtþEbbenHbgá[manplb:HBal;dl;RKYsarpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

nigCmWeGds_edayrebobNa?

CMBUk Q 

etIshKmn_)aneFIVGIVxøHedIm,IKaMRTdl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

3> etIshKmn_kMBugeFIVGIVxøH? R)ab;erOgra:venAkñúgmUldæanGMBIrebobEdlshKmn_kMBugerobcMxøÜn 

edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgbBaðaemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_ . ]TahrN_mYyRtUv)anpþl;CUnxageRkam ³ 

4> cUrBiPakSaenAkñúgRkumtUc²³ 

etImanerOgGIVekIteLIgenAkñúgsac;erOgenH? 

ehtuGIV)anCaviFIsa®sþenHTTYl)anPaBeCaKC½y? 

etIkñúgnamCashKmn_ eyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøHedIm,IKaMRTdl;RKYsar EdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;BI 

emeraKeGds_? 


enAkñúgPUmimYykñúgRbeTsma:LavI emPUmi EdlCa®sþImñak;KWCaRbFanKN³kmμaFikareGds_PUmi . KN³kmμaFikar 

)anseRmccitþfa BYkeKcg;bMpusclna[mankarKaMRTdl;kumarkMRBar nigkumargayrgeRKaH 

déTeTotenAkñúgPUmi. 

CMnYs[karekaHehAGñkPUmiRKb;Kña[CYbRbCuM nigbBa¢a[BYkeKpþl;viPaKTanfvika elakRsIemPUmi Gnuvtþ 

viFIsa®sþepSgmYyvij . Kat;)ancab;epþImpþl;viPaKTandIFøIpÞal;xøÜnrbs;Kat; kñúgkardaMduHdMNaMedIm,I 

pÁt;pÁg;dl;kumarkMRBar. Caerogral;RBwkKat;EtgeRkakP¢ÜrdICamYykUnRbusrbs;Kat; . 

eRkaymkKat;ekaHehAGñkPUmi[cUlrYmenAkñúgkic©RbCuMmYyCamYyKat; nigkUnRbusrbs;Kat; edIm,I[ 

GñkPUmiCYyeFIVkardaMduHenAelIépÞdI nigEfTaMkumarkMRBar . GñkPUmiRKb;Kña)anyl;RBm . BYkeKniyay 

fa { RbsinebIemPUmi GaceFIV)an BYkeyIgk¾GacCYyrYmcMENk)anEdr . emPUmirbs;eyIg)anbgðaj 

pøÚvdl;BYkeyIg} . 

393

Q>5 

skmμPaBrbs;shKmn_RbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

sac;erOgBit²edIm,ICMrujskmμPaB 

TaMgenHKWCa]TahrN_mYycMnYnGMBIGñkEdl)aneFIVskmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gay 

RKYsarmYyEdl)aneFIVskmμPaB 

kalBIdMbUgRKYsarenHmin)aneFIVGIVTal;EtesaH . BYkeKsßitenAkñúgsßanPaBmYyEdleBareBjeTAedaykar 

bdiesF nig PaBminRBmTTYlyk . KμannrNamñak;rMlwkGMBIsac;jatirbs;BYkEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

enaHeT . BYkeKRKan;Etcg;rkSaGIV²RKb;y:ag[manPaBesómsat; mincg;rMlwkGMBIerOgTaMgenaH edIm,Iecosvag 

GñkCitxagniyayedIm . karelIkbBaðaenHmkniyaynaM[mankareGonxμas . 

bu:EnþenAeBlEdlBU 3nak; )ansøab;kñúgry³eBlBIrbIExRBmKña bgRbusc,gTTYlrgplb:HBal;y:agxøaMgkøa . 

Kat;)anehA[smaCikRKYsarTaMgGs;CYbCuMKña nig)anelIkeLIgGMBIbBaðaeGds_CaelIkdMbUg . { bgb¥ÚnRbus 

RsITaMgGs;Kña eyIgminGacenAbnþesómsat;dUecñH)aneToteT . RbsinebIeyIgmineFIVGIVTal;EtesaH bBaðaenH 

nwgeFIV[eyIgsøab;RKb;Kña . dUecñHeyIgRtUvEteFIVGIVmüa:g } . BYkeK)ancab;epþImerobcMEpnkar nigBicarNaGMBI 

rebobEdlBYkeKGacKaMRTKña eTAvijeTAmk CaBiessGñkEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . BYkeK)anerobcMbegáIt 

[manmUlniFiRKYsarmYyedIm,IedaH RsaybBaðavibtþienAeBlEdlsmaCikRKYsarNamñak;manCmW . BYkeK)an 

erobcMEpnkarGMBIGñkEdlRtUvemIlEfTaMekμg² ehIyBYkeK)anerobcM[manGñkEdlnwgRtUvEfTaMsmaCikRKYs 

ardéTeTot EdlFøak;xøÜnQW . BYkeKk¾)anseRmccitþ niyayedayebIkcMhrGMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_ 

edIm,IkarBarekμgCMnan;eRkay . 

394

CMBUk Q 

skmμPaBenAkñúgkEnøgkargar 

éFIVkar[GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alFMmYyenAkñúgTIRkug . eyIgeFIVkargarCaeRcInGMBIemeraKeGds_ nig CmW 

eGds_ . kalBIqñaMmun eyIg)an)at;bg;buKÁlik3nak; . enHKWCaerOgeRkomRkM ehIyKμannrNarMlwkGMBIerOg 

enHeT . eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtKitGMBIbBaðaemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_ bu:EnþKμannrNaniyayGIVeLIy . 

bnÞab;mk shkarI´mñak;)anmkCYb´ ehIyR)ab;´fakalBI2-3 s)aþh_mun nag)aneTAeFIVetsþQamrk 

emeraKeGds_ ehIylT§plbBa¢ak;fa nagmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . nagmankarBi)aknigtantwgkñúgcitþCaxøaMg 

enAÉkEnøgkargar ehIynag)anseRmccitþfa nagBitCacg;[GñkdéTeTotdwgGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

rbs;nag edIm,I[nagGacniyayedayesrIGMBIbBaðaenH . 

´)anCYynagerobcMkic©RbCuMBiessmYysRmab;buKÁlikRKb;rUb . shkarIrbs;´mñak;enH )anR)ab;GMBIerOgra:v 

rbs;nag ehIykareqøIytbmanPaBGs©arüCaxøaMg ¡ BYkeyIgCaeRcInnak;)anyM ehIyTIbMput eyIgk¾»bKña 

eTAvijeTAmk. 

cab;BIeBlenaHmk eyIgTaMgGs;KñaEtgmankarebIkcMhrCamYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk . shkarIBIrnak;eTot )an 

EckrMElkGMBIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;BYk ehIyCaerogral;ExeyIgTaMgGs;KñaEtCYbRbCuMCECkGMBI 

reboblkçN³ EdlemeraKeGds_kMBugbgá[manplb:HBal;mkelIeyIgTaMgGs;Kña . BYkeyIgmYycMnYnkMBug 

EfTaMsac;jati b¤kumar EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

395

Q>5 

skmμPaBrbs;shKmn_RbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

skmμPaBsRmab;®sþIemm:ay 

enAkñúgRbeTsCaeRcIn mankarmak;gaycMeBaH®sþIemm:ay . ®sþIemm:ayTTYlrgkarsþIbenÞascMeBaHmrNPaB 

bþIrbs;BYkeK ¬RbsinebIbþIrbs;BYkeKsøab;edaysarCmWeGds_¦ BYkeKRtUv)ansgS½yfa manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

nigCa®sþIEdlrs;enAKμanbursCabegÁal BYkeKRtUv)aneK ¬CaBiess®sþIdéTeTot¦ yl;eXIjfa CakarKMram 

kMEhgcMeBaHshKmn_ . ®sþIemm:ayEtgRtUv)anpat;ecj b¤dak;[enAdac;edayELk . mnusSmYycMnYn 

bdiesFminRBmeFIVCMnYjCamYy®sþIemm:ay. bursCasVamImYycMnYnminGnuBaØat[Priyarbs;BYkeKR)aRs½y 

Tak;TgCamYy®sþIemm:ay . 

enAkñúgshKmn_tUcmYykñúgRbeTstg;hSaeno ®sþIemm:aymYyRkumRbmUlpþúMKñaedIm,ICECkGMBIbBaðarbs;BYkeK 

nigBüayamEsVgrkviFIwedIm,IKaMRTKñaeTAvijeTAmk . BYkeKerobcMbegáIt[mannUvmUlniFi\NTanbgVil Edl 

BYkeKpþl;fvikaviPaKTanCaerogral;Ex . BYkeKbþÚrevNKñaeRbIR)as;fvikaenaH ehIyCYyKñaerobcMbegáIthag 

lk;GahartUc² . BYkeKk¾)aneTAniyayCamYyelakGacarüGMBIbBaðarbs;BYkeK ehIyTIbMputBYkeK)andwgfa 

GñkPUmimYycMnYndéTeTot k¾manPaBGaNitGasUrcMeBaHBYkeKpgEdr . 

396

CMBUk Q 

skmμPaBCalkçN³buKÁlrbs;t®nþIkrmYyrUb 

hVIlI lUtay:a EdlCaGñkcMeronCnCati yUhÁan;damñak; KWCaGñkl,Il,ajdMbUgeKmñak;kñúgRbeTsyUUhÁan;da 

Edl)an bgðajxøÜnCasaFarN³faKat;manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . qøgtamry³PaBkøahanrbs;Kat;kñúg karniyay 

edayebIkcMhr GMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCmWeGds_ Kat;)anCMruj[mandMeNaHRsay nigkarykcitþTukdak;x

Q>6 

yuT§nakarCak;lak;RbqaMg 

karmak;gay 


lMhat;enHpþl;nUvRkbx½NÐkargarmYysRmab;yuT§nakarskmμPaBCak;lak; EdlerobcMedayshKmn_ 

b¤RkumshKmn_ - ]> RkumyuvCn b¤Rkum®sþI . 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énvKÁenH sikçakamnwg)anerobcMEpnkaryuT§nakarmYy edIm,IbBaÄb;TRmg;Cak;lak;énkar 

mak;gay nigkarerIseGIscMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤RkumdéTeTotEdlTTYlrgkarmak;gay . 

RkumeKaledA 

shKmn_/ RkumshKmn_ 

ry³eBl 

2 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> kMNt;eKaledA ³ esñI[RkumkMNt;rkTRmg;Cak;lak;énkarmak;gay b¤karerIseGIg EdlTak;Tg 

eTAnwgRkumeKaledACak;lak;mYy - ]> GñkpÞúkemeraKeGs_ kumarkMRBar . 

bnÞab;mkesñI[RkumnimYy²GnuvtþtamdMeNIrkarxageRkam ³ 

kMNt;GaTiPaB ³ eRCIserIsTRmg;mYyénkarmak;gay¼karerIseGIg edIm,IepþateTAelITRmg;enaH . 

BN’naGMBIkarmak;gay¼karerIseGIg nigeFIVkarviPaKsßanPaB - etIbc©úb,nñmanGIVkMBugekIteLIgxøH? 

etIRbCaBlrdæTTYlrgplb:HBal;dUcemþcxøH? etIGIVxøHCa]bsKÁdl;karedaHRsaybBaða? 

398

CMBUk Q 

begáItEpnkarskmμPaBmYyedIm,IeFIV[mankarpøas;bþÚr . RbmUlpþúMKMnitGMBIskmμPaBCak;EsþgEdl 

GacedaHRsaybBaða)an . eRCIserIsskmμPaBTaMgLayNa EdlTMngCaGacGnuvtþeTA)an 

edayeCaKC½y nigerobcMEpnkarskmμPaB ¬etIRtUvmanskmμPaBGIVxøH? etInrNaCaGñkeFIV 

skmμPaBTaMgGs;enaH? etIRtUveFIVskmμPaBenAeBlNa nigkEnøgNa? etICMhanCak;lak;man 

GIVxøH? } 

]TahrN_énskmμPaBEdlGacGnuvtþeTA)an ³ 





CYbCamYyemdwknaMshKmn_ edIm,ITTYl)ankarKaMRTrbs;BYkeK sRmab;skmμPaBRbqaMgkarmak;gay 

erobcMkarbNþúHbNþal sRmab;emdwknaMshKmn_ nigRbFanRkummitþGb;rMmitþ 

erobcMkic©RbCMuRkummitþGb;rMmitþ ¬sRmbsRmYledayGñkEdlFøab;)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþal¦ 

erobcMkarcuHsYrsuxTukçtampÞH edIm,IelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgrbs;mnusSRKb;Kña 

erobcM[mankareFVIdMeNIrBinitüemIlkarmak;gay b¤lMhat;kMNt;EpnTIenAkñúgshKmn_ 

erobcMskmμPaBelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgenAkñúgsalaeron - ]> karRbkYtRbECgsil,³ b¤elçanniyay 

erobcMkic©RbCMushKmn_ - esñI[mankarcUlrYmBIGñktMNagRkummitþGb;rMmitþ 

erobcMkarsMEdgelçanniyay enAkñúgkic©RbCMushKmn_ edIm,IbgðajGMBITRmg;Cak;lak;énkarmak;gay 

EdlRkumcg;eFVI[mankarpøas;bþÚ - ]> karmak;gaycMeBaHRsþIemm:ay 

kMNt;rkRKYsarEdlgayrgeRKaHbMput nigpþl;karKaMRT 

erobcM[manRbB½n§eTogTat;mYy edIm,IcuHsYrsuxTukçRKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_ 

erobcM[manskmμPaBbegáItR)ak;cMNUl edIm,IKaMRTRKYsargayrgeRKaH 

CMruj[smaCikshKmn_EckrMElk {cMeNHdwgGMBIkarrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_} rbs;BYkeK. 

399

Q>6 

yuT§nakarCak;lak;RbqaMgkarmak;gay 


karviPaKsßanPaB 

karmak;gaycMeBaHkumarkMRBa 

kumarEdlRtUv)ane)aHbg;ecal[rs;enACamYy 

sac;jati. karrwbGUsRTBüsm,tþi. mankarKaMRT 

b¤manPaBsukdum tictYc enAkñúgpÞHfμIrbs;BYkeK. 

RtUv)anbgçM[eFVIkargarpÞHRKb;Ebby:ag. 

RtUv)anbBaÄb;min[eTAsalaeron. kumar kMRBa 

TTYlrgkarRBegIykenþIy nigkarbdiesFn_. 

smaCikshKmn_niyayfa {RbsinebIEm:«søab; 

kUnk¾Kg;Etsøab; Edr. kMuelgCamYyBYkva - 

BYkvaCitsøab;ehIy.{ 

CMhanskmμPaB 

¬KMnitBItg;hSaeno¦ 

kMNt;rkcMnYnkumarkMRBaenAkñúgshKmn_ 

nigEsVgrk viFIKaMRTkumarTaMgGs;enaH. 

pøas;bþÚkaryl;xusEdlfa RbsinebI«Bukmþay 

søab; kUnk¾Kg;Etnwgsøab;Edr. 

Gb;rMRKYsarGMBIkarcmøgemeraKeGds_ edIm,I[ 

BYkeKQb;eFVIkarmak;gay Edlkarmak;gay 

rbs;BYkeKKW bNþalmkBIkarP½yxøac. 

bBaÄb; {kare)aHbg;} kumarkMRBaCamYy 

sac;jatiEdl eFVI)ab¼rMelaPbMBaneTA 

elIkumar. 

CMruj[RkumyuvCnelIkeLIgGMBIbBaðaenHtam 

ry³karsEmþgelçan b¤bTcMerog . 

erobcM[mankarRbkYtRbECgkñúgcMeNamkumar 

edIm,I[BYkeKsEmþgGMBIKMnitrbs;BYkeKtamry³ 

rUbPaB kMNaBü nigsac;erOg - edIm,IbeBa©j 

GMBITsSn³ nig niyaybgðajGMBIGarmμN_ 

rbs;BYkeK . 

CMruj[mnusSeBjv½yRkelkemIlrebobEdl 

kar mak;gaybgá[manplb:HBal;dl;kumar 

¬sUmemIl lMhat; - CMBUkGMBIkumar¦. 

CMruj[RbCaBlrdæykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkumar 

nig GnuBaØat[kumarniyayGMBIGarmμN_ 

rbs;BYkeK . 

400

CMBUk Q 



karmak;gaycMeBaH®sþIemm:ay 

®sþIemm:ayTTYlrgkarmak;gaycMnYn 3Ebb ³ 

k¦CaRbBn§ rbs;bursEdl)ansøab; ¬RtUveK 

sþIbenÞascMeBaHmrNPaB rbs;bþIBYkeK¦ x¦Ca®sþI 

nig K¦ CaGñkEdleKsgS½yfa manpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ . burs²Qb;[RbBn§BYkeKTak;Tg CamYy 

®sþIemm:ay EdleKyl;eXIjfa maneRKaHfñak; 

nig CaRbPBén]bRTuBcéRg nigbBaðaepSg² . 

®sþIemm:ayk¾ TTYlrgkarmak;gayBI®sþIdéTeTot 

Edlxøac®sþIemm:ay lYcbþIrbs;BYkeK . ®sþI 

emm:ayRtUv)andak;[enAdac;edayELk RtUv)an 

bgçM[EsVgrkmitþPkþifμI edayBYkeKRtUv)anrMBwgfa 

RtUvR)aRs½yTak;TgEtCamYy®sþIemm:aydéTeTot 

bu:eNÑaH . RbCaCnminRBmTijTMnijBIkareFIVCMnYj 

tUc² rbs;®sþIemm:ay edayxøacfa BYkeKnwgqøg 

emeraKeGds_ BITMnijEdl®sþIemm:ayTaMgGs; 

enaHlk; . 

CMhanskmμPaB 

¬KMnitBItg;hSaeno¦ 

ksagsm

Q>6 

yuT§nakarCak;lak;RbqaMgkarmak;gay 



karrwbGUsRTBüsm,tþi 

sac;jatirwbGUsRTBüsm,tþirbs;bursEdl) 

ansøab; RBmTaMg)aneRbIR)as;BaküsmþItiHedol 

nigsþIbenÞas Caels edIm,IbiT) 

aMgskmμPaBenH . 

CMhanskmμPaB 

¬]TahrN_énskmμPaBBitR)akd 

BItg;hSaeno¦ 

RkumyuvCn)ankMNt;rkeXIjfa karrwbGUsRTBü 

sm,tþiKW CabBaðacm,genAkñúgshKmn_rbs;BYkeK. 

BYkeK)ansMerc citþbBaÄb;skmμPaBenH . 

enAeBlEdlbursmñak;søab; BYkeK)ansMerccitþ 

eFIVskmμPaBy:agqab;rh½s . CMnYs[karRbQm 

muxCamYyBUrbs;bursEdlCaGñksøab;edaypÞal; 

BYkeK)anniyayCamYymnusSEdlmanv½ycMNas; 

mñak;enAkñúgPUmi . BYkeK)anR)ab;mnusSEdlman 

v½ycMNas;enAkñúg PUmimñak;enaHfa BYkeKmankarxwg 

sm,arGMBIkarKMramkMEhg rwbGUsRTBüsm,tþi 

ehIyBYkeK)anesñIsuM[Kat;eTACYy niyayCamYy 

BUrbs;bursEdl)ansøab;enaH . sm

403 

CMBUk Q

Q>7 

10CMhan edIm,Ieq

CMBUk Q 






mankarP½yxøaceRcIn karrkSaTukCakarsmat; nigPaBesómsat;GMBIemeraKeGds_ - RbCaBlrdæ 

TUeTABi)akniyayGMBIbBaðaenH 

RKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_ KWCamuxsBaØasRmab;karpat;ecj nigkarerIs 

eGIg 

karP½yxøacqøgemeraKeGds_tamry³karR)aRs½yTak;TgFmμta 

Tmn;kargard¾Fn;FrsRmab;®sþIenAkñúgRKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_ rab;bBa©Úl 

karEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

PaBRkIRkFn;Fr nigPaBKμankargareFIVEdlbNþalmkBIemeraKeGds_ nigkarmak;gay . 

2> TsSn³vis½y ³ cUrsYrsMnYrfa { etIsßanPaBenAkñúgshKmn_rbs;eyIgnwgmanlkçN³dUcemþc kñúg 

ry³eBlBIrqñaMeTAmuxeTot bnÞab;BIkmμviFIRbqaMgkarmak;gayrbs;eyIg?} 

405

Q>7 

10CMhan edIm,Ieq c,ab;fμIsþIBIeGds_¬bTbgðaj¦ ³ cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIGñknwgGnuvtþskmμPaBGIVxøHedIm,IsMerc)an 

nUveKaledAenaH} sUmemIlbBa¢IEdlraynam GMBIskmμPaBCak;lak; Epñk q6 . bnÞab;mk cUreFIVkar 

kMNt;GaTiPaB . cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIskmμPaBNaxøHmansar³ sMxan;CageKbMput? } 

4> FnFan ³ cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIeyIgRtUvkarFnFanGIVxøHedIm,IeFIVskmμPaBTaMgenH?} 






mUlniFi nigsmÖar³sRmab;sikçasalabNþúHbNþal 

406

CMBUk Q 

5> ]bsKÁ ³ { etIGIVxøHEdlGacraMgsÞHdl;skmμPaBrbs;eyIg?} 






xVHcMNab;GarmμN_ nigCMenOelIeRBgvasna - RbCaCnmanGarmμN_fa BYkeKminGaceFIVGIV)an 

TaMgGs; 

PaBRkIRk - RbCaCnmanPaBmmajwkxøaMgeBk ehIyBYkeKRKan;EtBüayameFIVy:agNaedIm,Irs; 

6> sucnakr ³ cUrsYrsMnYrfa {etIcMNucGIVxøHEdlbgðajfa eyIgTTYl)aneCaKC½y?} 


RbCaCnkan;EteRcIneTAsYrsuxTukçKña nigpþl;karKaMRT¼PaBsukdum [KñaeTAvijeTAmk 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_mansemøgkan;EteRcInenAkñúgkarsMerccitþrbs;RKYsarGMBIkarEfTaMrbs;BYkeK 

kan;EtmanPaBebIkcMhrkñúgkarBiPakSaCuMvijbBaðaemeraKeGds_ Gñkcak;eRKOgejón nigkarrYmePT 

kMeNInénkareRbIR)as;esvasuxPaB 

kMeNInéncMeNHdwgfa emeraKeGds_minGacqøgtamry³karR)aRs½yTak;TgFmμta 

GRtaénkare)aHbg;ecalkarsikSarbs;kumarkMRBarmankRmitTabCagmun 

407

Q>7 

10CMhan edIm,Ieq etIGñkcg;Qan 

eTAdl;cMNucNa? 

¬TsSn³vis½y¦ 

3> etIGñknwgQaneTAdl; 

cMNucenaH )any:ag 

dUcemþc? ¬skmμPaB¦ 

4> etIGñknwgcab;epþIm 

BIkEnøgNa? 

¬karkMNt;GaTiPaB¦ 

5> etIGñkRtUvkarGIVxøH? 

¬FnFan¦ 

6> etIGacmankarraMg 

sÞHGIVxøH? ¬]bsKÁ¦ 

]TahrN_ 

sMnYrenHCYy[GñkRkelkemIlGIVEdlkMBugekIteLIgnaeBlbc©úb,nñ 

Bak;B½n§eTAnwg karmak;gay . GñkGacsYrsMnYrfa { etIkalBImun 

sßanPaBmanlkçN³dUcemþc? cuHbc©úb,nñenHsßanPaBmanlkçN³ 

dUcemþcEdr? etIkarmak;gayenAkñúgshKmn_ b¤kEnøgkargar 

manenAkEnøgNaxøH?} .l. 

etIGIV²nwgmanrUbPaBdUcemþc RbsinebIGñkBitCaGaceFIV[manPaB 

xusEbøkKñamYy? begáIt[mannUvTsSn³vis½ymYysRmab;eBlGnaKt 

Edlmankarkat;bnßyeTA elIkarmak;gay . 

etIRbePTskmμPaBGIVxøHEdlGñkGaceFIV)an edIm,ICYYykat;bnßy 

karmak;gay? RbmUlpþúMKMnitTaMgGs;rbs;Gñk - skmμPaBCak;Esþg 

nigskmμPaBfμI²edIm,I edaHRsaybBaða . 

etIGIVxøHCaskmμPaB EdlTMngnwgGacsMerceTA)anEdleyIgGac 

cab;epþImGnuvtþ? etIskmμPaBNamYyEdlCaskmμPaB 

sMxan;CageKbMput? 

kMNt;rkFnFan CMnaj b¤karbNþúHbNþal EdlnwgCYydl;skmμPaB 

rbs;Gñk RBmTaMgédKUEdlGacCYyGñk)an . minRtUvbBaÄb;enARtg; 

cMNucenHeT - kuMKitfa GñkminGaceFIVGIV)an edaysarGñkKμanmUlniFi . 

kMNt;rk]bsKÁTaMgLayNa EdlGacraMgsÞHskmμPaBrbs;Gñkmin 

[TTYl)aneCaKC½y . BüayamerobcMEpnkar b¤yuT§sa®sþGMBIrebob 

CMnH]bsKÁTaMgenaH. 

408

CMBUk Q 

CMhan 

7> etIGñkdwgfa GñkTTYl 

)aneCaKC½y edayrebob 

Na? ¬sucnakr¦ 

]TahrN_ 

cUreFIVkarsMercitþGMBIrebob EdlGñknwgeFIVkarvas;EvgeTAelIeCaKC½y 

rbs;Gñk . cUrkMNt;rk { sucnakr} b¤ sBaØaTaMgLayNa Edlnwg 

bgðajR)ab;Gñkfa karmak;gaykMBugfycuH ¬]> etIRbCaCnkan;Et 

eRcInkMBugEtniyayKñaedayebIkcMhr GMBIkareFIVetsþQamedayTTYl 

)anlT§plpÞúkemeraKeGds_Edrb¤eT?¦ 

8> skmμPaB cab;epþImCamYyskmμPaBEdlGñk)aneRKagTuk . cat;EcgParkic© 

eTA[GñkTTYl xusRtUvCak;lak; . 

9> karRtYtBinitü RtUveFIVkarRtYtBinitüeTAelIdMeNIrkarGnuvtþkargarrbs;Gñk nigRtUv 

BinitüemIlfa etImanGIVERbRbYlEdrb¤eT . 

10> karerobcMEpnkar 

eLIgvij 

EkERbEpnkarrbs;Gñk edayEp¥kelIlT§plEdlGñkTTYl)an 

BIkarRtYtBinitü . 

409

Q>8 

CMnajts‘Umti 

eKalbMNg 

enAcugbBa©b;énvKÁenHsikçakamnwgGacbgðajGMBIGIVEdlBak;B½n§enAkñúgkarts‘UmtielIbBaðakar 

mak;gay . 

ry³eBl 

3 em:ag 

CMhan 

1> karENnaM ³ cUrsYrsikçakamfa { etIkarts‘Umtimann½ydUcemþc?} 

karts‘Umti KWCakic©xitxMmYyEdlmanlkçN³CaRbB½n§ nigmankarerobcMRtwmRtUv edIm,Ipøas;bþÚr nig 

Gnuvtþc,ab; eKalneya)ay karGnuvtþ b¤karRbRBwtþ . karts‘UmtisMedAcMeBaHkarpøas;bþÚrsgÁmeday 

begáIt[mannUvbriyakasmYyEdlGac[sMerc)annUveKaledACak;lak;mYycMnYn . 

kartsU‘mtiGacsßitenAkñúgTRmg;CaeRcInrYmman ³ 

karbBa©úHbBa©Úledayesómsat; - edIm,IelIkTwkcitþGñkdéT[niyayGMBIbBaða 

karRbQmmux- edIm,IeFIVkarpSBVpSayGMBIbBaðaCasaFarN³ nigedIm,ICH\T§iBleTAelIRbCaBlrdæ 

TUeTA 

410

CMBUk Q 

2> CMhanenAkñúgkarts‘Umti³ 

k> eRCIserIsbBaða 

x> viPaKbBaða 

K> erobcMbegáIteKalbMNgCak;lak; - etIGñkcg;seRmclT§plGIV? RtUvbBa¢ak;[c,as;las; . 

X> kMNt;RkumeKaledArbs;Gñk - etIGñkcg;[nrNasþab;sarrbs;Gñk? 

g> kMNt;rkédKUsm begáItEpnkarskmμPaB - erobrab;GMBICMhanedIm,IseRmc[)annUveKaledArbs;Gñk nig 

erobcMry³eBl GnuvtþkargarmYyeTAtamkarCak;Esþg . 

q> GnuvtþEpnkarskmμPaBrbs;Gñk . 

C> RtYtBinitüskmμPaB nigeFIVkarEksRmYl . 

EbgEcksikçakamCaRkum . esñI[RkumnimYy²eRCIserIsbBaðamYYyEdlBYkeKcg;TTYl)ankarKaMRT 

¬]> karKaMRT rbs;shKmn_cMeBaHRKYsarEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;edayemeraKeGds_¦ nigerobcMEpn 

karsRmab;dMeNIrkarts‘Umti. 

3> karerobcMyuT§sa®sþsRmab;karts‘Umti ¬kareFIVkargarCaRkum¦ ³ EbgEcksikçakamCa 

Rkum . esñI[RkumnimYy² eFIVkargareTAelItaragEdlpþl;CUnxageRkam . 

etIRbCaCnemIleXIjrUbPaBdUcemþcxøHcMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

etI\T§iBlénrUbPaBnimYy²eTAelIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_manGIVxøH? 

etIeyIgGaceFIVGIV)anxøHedIm,Ipøas;bþÚrsßanPaB? etIeyIgGaceFIVkarts‘UmtisRmab;GIVxøH? 

411

Q>8 


]TahrN_ 

rUbPaBEdleKyl; 

eXIjcMeBaHGñk 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

elμaPkam CamnusSman 

)abkmμ qáÜt Kμankar 

RbugRby½tñ¼ h‘anRbfuy 

nwgeRKaHfñak; 

KμanRbeyaCn_ Kμan)ankar 

rg;caMEtéfsøab; 

CamnusSeRKaHfñak; ³ 

BYkeKcmøgemeraK eTA[ 

GñkdéTeTot tamry³ 

karb:HBal;ragÁkay 

\T§iBl 

RtUv)ansgÁmvinicä½y 

sþIbenÞas nig efáaleTas 

RtUv)aneKcat;Tukfa 

ElgGacpþl;viPaKTan)an 

RtUv)andak;[enAdac; 

edayELk nigpat;ecjBI 

sgÁm {karbMEbkBIeKÉg} 

GIVEdleyIgGaceFIV)an 

eFIVkargarCamYyRbB½n§pSBVpSay edIm,I 

begáItrUbPaBviC¢man . eFIVkarts‘UmtiCamYy 

GñkdéTfa BYkeyIg {sßitenAelITUkEtmYy} 

nigeFIVkarts‘Umtifa eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§Et 

Føab;RbQmeTAnwghaniP½yenAkñúgCIvit 

rbs;eyIg . 

Gb;rMshKmn_fa GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Gac 

rs;enA)anyUrGEgVg nigRbkbeday 

plitPaBx

CMBUk Q 

karts‘Umti - ÉksarsRmab;EckCUnsikçakam 

karts‘Umti KWkic©xitxMmYyEdlmanlkçN³CaRbB½n§ nigmankarerobcMRtwmRtUvedIm,Ipøas;bþÚr b¤GnuvtþeTAelIkar 

Gnuvtþ b¤karRbRBwtþedIm,I[mankarpøas;bþÚrsgÁmCaviC¢man . 

etIRtUvkar[manCMnajGIVxøHsRmab;karts‘Umti? 

GñkRtUvkarCMnajedIm,I[Gac ³ 

erobcMEpnkarsRmab;yuT§nakarmYy EdlnwgTTYl)aneCaKC½ykñúgkarpøas;bþÚrkarRbRBwtþrbs;RbCaBlrdæ 

R)ab;RbCaBlrdæGMBIbBaðamYy nigesñIsuM[BYkeKpþl;karKaMRT 

EsVgrkGñkdéTeTot EdlÉkPaBCamYyGñk nigEdl)aneRtomlkçN³rYcCaeRscedIm,IKaMRTGñk 

crcaCamYytYGgÁepSg²Kña EdlBak;B½n§enAkñúgkareFIV[mankarpøas;bþÚr 

eRCIserIsbBaðamYy 

eRCIserIsTidæPaBCak;lak;mYyénkarmak;gay EdlGñkcg;epþateTAelITidæPaBenaH - ]> dUcCakarmak;gay 

cMeBaHkumar kMRBar b¤karGnuvtþEbberIseGIgcMeBaHRKYsarEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . cUrsYrxøÜnGñkfa ³ 

etImanRbCaCneRcInEdrb¤eT EdldwgGMBIbBaðaenH? 

etIeKdwgGMBIbBaðaenHsuICeRmAEdrb¤eT? etIRbCaCnmanGarmμN_xwgsm,ar mYrhμgkñúgGarmμN_>>>Edrb¤eT? 

etIvanwgnaM[manCalT§pl EdlCakarrIkcMerInBitR)akdenAkñúgCIvitmnusSEdrb¤eT? 

etIGñkGacTTYl)anC½yCMnHelIbBaðaenHEdrb¤eT? 

kMNt;rk nigCRmabB½t’manedaysegçbCUndl;emdwknaM 

EsVgrkemdwknaMsMxan;²EdlGacKaMRTyuT§nakarrbs;Gñk nigCH\T§iBleTAelIGñkdéT . eronsURtGMBItYnaTI 

rbs;BYkeK eTAelIbBaðaEdleyIgcg;eFIV . kuMsnñidæanfa BYkeKRbqaMgeTAnwgkargarrbs;eyIg . BYkeKRbEhl 

CaRtUv)anbBa©úHbBa©Úl nigÉkPaBrYceTAehIyGMBItRmUvkaredIm,IedaHRsaybBaðakarmak;gay . cUreFIVkargar 

edIm,ITTYl)ankarKaMRTBIBYkeK . ecosvageFIV[BYkeKmanrUbPaBminl¥ . 

enAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn emdwknaMmin)anTTYlB½t’manRKb;Kan;GMBIbBaðaEdleyIgcg;eFIVeLIy . kargarrbs;Gñk 

KWRtUvBnül;GMBIbBaðaenaH nigsar³sMxan;rbs;bBaða[)anc,as;las; nigedaymanPaBTak;Taj . cUreRbIR)as; 

413

Q>8 


lMhat; { karkMNt;eQμaH bBaða} mYycMnYnkñúgemeron k edIm,ICYy[BYkeKyl;GMBIlkçN³Edlkarmak;gaybgá 

[mankarQWcab; ehIykarQWcab; enaHBuMEmnekIteLIgcMeBaHEtGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_bu:eNÑaHeT KWshKmn_ 

TaMgmUlEtmþg . cUreRbIR)as;BaküsmþI nigehtu plRbqaMgEdlEsþgecjBITsSn³rbs;BYkeK RBmTaMgBüayam 

yl;GMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK . sRmbGIVEdlGñkkMBug niyayeTAnwgcMNab;GarmμN_ nigbBaðakgVl;rbs;BYkeK . 

pþl;[emdwknaMnUvGarmμN_énPaBCam©as;eTAelIbBaða KWGarmμN_EdlRtUvkar[mankarpøas;bþÚr . CMruj[BYkeK 

cUlrYmkñúg karKitKUBicarNaeTAelIbBaðaedayxøÜneKpÞal; . CMruj[BYkeKniyay nigCYy[BYkeKemIleXIj 

GMBIbBaða edayqøgtam ry³bTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;BYkeK . 

10 CMhanenAkñúgyuT§nakarts‘Umti 

CMhanTI1 ³ EføgGMBIbBaða[)anc,as;las; 

CMhanTI2 ³ erobcMbegáIt[mannUveKaledArYmmYy nigbNþúMéneKalbMNg 

CMhanTI3 ³ kMNt;EsVgrkCneKaledAedIm,IP¢ab;TMnak;TMng 

CMhanTI4 ³ kMNt;EsVgrkRkumTaMgLayNaEdlTTYlrgplb:HBal;BIyuT§nakar 

CMhanTI5 ³ begáItsarts‘Umti nigkMNt;rkviFIsa®sþedIm,IbBa¢ÚnsareTA[RkumeKaledA 

¬]> kic©RbCuM pÞaMgbda .l.¦ 

CMhanTI6 ³ erobcMEpnkarskmμPaB nigkalviPaKsRmab;karGnuvtþskmμPaB 

CMhanTI7 ³ kMNt;rkFnFanEdlcaM)ac; ¬FnFanmnusS FnFansRmab;karerobcM FnFanhirBaØvtßú¦ 

CMhanTI8 ³ EsVgrkkarKaMRTBItYGgÁsMxan;²déTeTot - ]> rdæaPi)al .l. 

CMhanTI9 ³ kMNt;lkçxNÐvinicä½y nigsucnakrsRmab;karRtYtBinitütamdan nigvaytémø 

CMhanTI10 ³ vaytémøeTAelIeCaKC½y b¤braC½y nigkMNt;eTAelICMhanbnÞab; 

414

415 

CMBUk Q

Q>9 

rebobRbqaMgkarniyaymak;gay 


! lMhat;enHCYy[sikçakamGnuvtþrebobRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay . lMhat; enHGaceRbIR)as;CamYy 

lMhat;enAkñúgemeron k sRmab;CaCMhanskmμPaB . 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;rkRbeyaKTaMgLayNa Edlbgáb;Gtßn½ymak;gay 

begáItehtupltbt edIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay enAeBlEdlkarmak;gayTaMgenaHekItman 

eLIg 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1 em:ag 

smÖar³ 

sresrRbeyaKEdlbgáb;Gtßn½ymak;gayenAelIpÞaMgRkdas b¤ b½NÑ 

CMhan 

416 

1> karRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay ¬ekAGIekþA¦ ³ GeBa¢Ijsikçakam[bþÚrevNKñaGgÁúyenAelI 

{ekAGIekþA} . GñkEdl GgÁúyenAelIekAGIekþA RtUv)aneKrMBwg[EtgRbeyaKBIktþaRbQmnana ehIy 

RtUvbgðajRbeyaKenaHmþgmYy² . cUreRbIR)as;bBa¢IRbeyaKxageRkam nigbEnßmRbeyaKsamBaØ² 

déTeTot EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgRkum¼shKmn_ . 

CMerIs ³ esñI[KUnimYy²GnuvtþeqøIytbeTAnwgRbeyaKmak;gayTaMgenH .

CMBUk Q 

RbeyaKKMrU ³ 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TaMgGs;suT§EtCaGñkcak;eRKOgejón b¤GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ay . 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_smnwgTTYlnUvGIVEdlekIteLIgcMeBaHBYkeKehIy BIeRBaHBYkeK)anRbRBwtþ 

erOgminl¥ . 

´mincg;[kUnrbs;éTAsalaeronCamYykUnrbs;GñkekIteGds_eT . 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_minKYrmankUn b¤erobkareLIy . 

GñkbMerIesvakMsanþsb,ayCaGñkbgá[manCmWeGds_ eRBaHBYkeKTak;TajeyIg[rYmePT . 

buKÁliksuxPaBmansiT§idwgfa GñkCmWrbs;BYkeKNamYyxøHEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

GaCJaFrshKmn_KYrRtYtBinitüGñkcak;eRKOgejón[)anditdl; . 

Gñkcak;eRKOgejónKYrRtUv)anbMEbkecjBIRkumRbCaCnTUeTA nigdak;[rs;enAelIekaHmYydac; 

edayELk . 

2> BiPakSa³ { etIviFIsa®sþGIVxøHEdll¥RbesIrbMputedIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay? cUrerobrab;[ 

)anCak;lak;.} 

3> segçb³ 

cemøIyeqøIytbEdlman\T§iBlxøaMgkøabMput KWCacemøIyeqøIytbTaMgLayNa EdleFIV[RbCaCn 

bBaÄb;skmμPaBrbs;BYkeK nigeFIVkarKitKUBicarNa CaCagcemøIyeqøIytbEdlvayRbhar EdleFIV 

[Gñkmak;gayxMEsVgrk ehtuplkarBarxøÜneKvij . 

]TahrN_éncemøIyeqøIytbEdlman\T§iBlxøaMgkøa ³ 

GñkRbEhlCamindwgeTfa GñkkMBugEtmak;gayeK . 

GñkRKan;EtrYmePTCamYymnusSmñak;Etmþgk¾RKb;RKan;[GñkqøgemeraKeGds__)anEdr . 

eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§RbQmeTAnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ dUecñHKμanehtuplNaEdleyIgRtUv 

mak;gayGñkdéTenaHeT . 

kñúgry³eBlmYyqñaMeTot Gñkk¾RbEhlCasßitenAkñúgTUkEtmYyEdr dUecñH GñkKYrEtmankarGaNit 

RsLaj; [)ankan;EteRcIn cMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_BIeBl\LÚvenHeTA . 

kuMcg¥úlRmamédrbs;GñkeTAkan;GñkdéT . xN³eBlEdlGñkcg¥úlRmamédmYyeTAGñkdéT Rmam 

édcMnYn4 eTot cg¥úlRtLb;mkkan;rUbGñk - KWmann½yfa GñkkMBugEtsþIbenÞasxøÜnÉg . 

417

Q>10 

karRbqaMgkarmak;gayenA 

kñúgRbB½n§pSBVpSay 


lMhat;enHRtUv)anerobcMsRmab;buKÁlikRbB½n§pSBVpSay. lMhat;enHCYy[ sikçakamkMNt;rkrebob 

EdlRbB½n§pSBVpSayelIkkMBs;[mankarmak;gay - ]> rUbPaBEdlKYr[P½yxøac nigCYy[ sikçakam 

begáItsarfμI² edIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gaykñúglkçN³mYYyEdlRbkbedaykarécñRbDit . 

eKalbMNg 


kMNt;rkeXIjGMBIrebobEdlRbB½n§pSBVpSayelIkkMBs;[mankarmak;gay 

erobcMbegáItsarsamBaØ²edIm,IRbqaMgeTAnwgkarmak;gay 

RkumeKaledA 


ry³eBl 

1-2 em:ag 

kareRtomlkçN³ 

RbmUlsmÖar³EdlbgðajGMBIrUbPaBCmWeGds_enAkñúgRbB½n§pSBVpSay - ]> GtßbTenAkñúgsarB½t’man 

kñúgRsuk pÞaMgbdaGMBIeGds_ ExSGat;vIDIGUxøI² .l. ftcmøgrUbPaBTaMgGs;enaHedIm,Iykmk eRbIR)as; 

kñúgsikçasala nigdak;bgðajenAelItu . 

418 

CMhan 

1> karBit karyl;eXIj b¤BaküccamGaram ¬El,gkMedAsac;duM¦ ³ GanGtßbTmYy 

bnÞab;mkRtUvp¥akedIm,ITukry³ eBlbnþicenAcugbBa©b;énRbeyaKnimYy² . esñI[sikçakamBicarNa 

faetIRbeyaKenaHKWCa karBit karyl;eXIj b¤ BaküccamGaram .

CMBUk Q 


karcmøgemeraKeGds_TUeTAkñúgRbeTskm segçb ³ bBa©b;emeronedayeFIVesckþIsegçbcMNucsMxan;² Edlsikçakam)anelIkeLIgkñúglMhat;. 


niyay. 

RbB½n§pSBVpSayman\T§iBly:agsem,ImkñúgkarCH\T§iBleTAelImtieyabl;saFarN³ . ebIeTaHCa 

dUecñHkþI GIV²EdlR)aRs½yTak;Tgtamry³RbB½n§pSBVpSay EtgEp¥kelIB½t’manminRtwmRtUv b¤Baküccam 

Garam . eyIgminKYr TTYlyknUvGIVEdleyIgB¤enaHeT eyIgRtUveFIVkarvaytémø nigvinicä½yeTAelIGIV 

EdleyIgB¤ . karmak;gayEtgEp¥kelI BaküccamGaram b¤B½t’manminRtwmRtUv . 

2> kMNt;rkemIlkarmak;gay ¬karGanGtßbT¦ ³ EbgEcksikçakam[eFIVkargarCaKU nigpþl; 

[KUnimYy²nUvGtßbT sarB½t’manmYysnøwk . esñI[KUnimYy²GanGtßbTsarB½t’manrbs;xøÜn nigkMNt; 

rkPasaEdlbgáb;Gtßn½ymak;gay RBmTaMgRtUvkt;RtaXøaEdlbgáb;Gtßn½ymak;gaynimYy²elIb½NÑ 

nigbitb½NÑTaMgenaHenAelICBa¢aMg . 

419

Q>10 

karRbqaMgkarmak;gayenAkñúgRbB½n§pSBVpSay 

{eGds_eFIV[eyIgsøab;} {eGds_KWCakarkat;eTasRbharCIvit} {GñkEdlekIteGds_rs;enA 

Kμann½yenaHeT} {GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_suT§EtCaGñkejóneRKOgejón{ {CnrgeRKaHEdlKμan 

kMhus} {GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ sgswkCamYyGñkCitxag edayykm¢úlsuIraMgEdlmanQam 

pÞúkemeraKeGds_ eTAcak;elIxøÜnkUnrbs;GñkCitxag} 

karsaksYrsMnYr ³ esñI[KUnimYy²GanXøabgáb;Gtßn½ymak;gayEdlBYkeK)anrkeXIjenAkñúgGtßbT 

rbs;BYkeK . sRmab;XøanimYy² cUrsYrsMnYrfa ³ 

etIGIVxøHCa\riyabTEdlsßitenABIeRkaykarmak;gayenH ? 

etIkarmak;gayenHeFIV[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_manGarmμN_dUcemþc? 






begáIt[mannUvkarP½yxøac { eGds_eFIV[eyIgsøab;} {eGds_KWCakarkat;eTasRbharCIvit} {rs;enA 

Kμann½y} 

KμanrUbPaBviC¢manGMBIGñkpÞúkemeraKeGs_ nigGñkCmWeGds_ 

{ KμankMhus} bBa¢ak;fa GñkdéTeTot mankMhus 

{ elμaPkam } bBa¢ak;GMBIkartiHedol nigkarsþIbenÞas 

{ CnrgeRKaH } enHKwCakarminpþl;GMNac - GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ minyl;fa xøÜneKCnrgeRKaHenaHeT 

etIkarmak;gayenHeFIV[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_manGarmμN_dUcemþc? 

eKcmuxBIeKÉg yl;RcLM cg;søab;Pøam² P½yxøac 

420

CMBUk Q 

segçb³ 

cUrBnül;fa sarEdlmanmUldæanEp¥kelIkarP½yxøac BuMpøas;bþÚrkarRbRBwtþrbs;mnusSenaHeT bu:Enþva 

EbrCaCYyCMruj[mankarqøgraldalEbblak;kM)aMg . 

3> karbegáItsarRbqaMgkarmak;gay ¬b½NÑRbmUlpþúMKMnitCaKU¦ ³ esñI[KUdEdlsresrGMBI 

BaküesøakenAelIb½NÑ EdlelIkkMBs;sarfμImYyEdlpþl;karykcitþTukdak;kan;EtRbesIrCagmun - 

]> { søwkeQITaMgGs;RKbdNþb;eTAelI søwkeQIEdlrEhk . } 

]TahrN_énsarBIyuT§nakarRbqaMgkarmak;gaykñúgRbeTsGa®hVik 





mitþPkþiEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ enAEtCamitþPkþi . 

kuMcg¥úlRmamédeTAGñkdéT . nrNak¾GacqøgemeraKeGds_Edr . 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUvkarkarEfTaM nigesckþIRsLaj;rbs;Gñk . 

sarBIsikçasalamYy ³ 

shKmn_manParkic©emIlEfrKñaeTAvijeTAmk . 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_skþismnwgTTYl)ankþIsgÇwm . BYkeKGacrs;enA)anyUrGEgVg . 

eyIgTaMgGs;KñasuT§EtTTYlrgplb:HBal;BIemeraKeGds_ dUecñH eGds_KWCaEpñkmYyénCIvitrbs; 

eyIgTaMgGs;Kña . 

4> segçb³ 

BaküesøakKYrbgðajfa CIvitrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ BuMEmnRtUvcb;enaHeT . BYkeK BuMEmnrg;caMsøab; 

eLIy. BYkeKGaceFIVkargarRbkbedayplitPaBx

Q>10 

karRbqaMgkarmak;gayenAkñúgRbB½n§pSBVpSay 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_Edl)ancUlrYmsikçasala sþIBIkarelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgGMBIkarmak;gay 

kñúgRbeTsevotNam ¬ExkBaØa 2002¦ R)ab;buKÁlikRbB½n§pSBVpSayfa { BYkeyIgskþismnwg 

TTYlrUbPaBmYyEdlRbkbedayPaBviC¢man nigeBareBjedaykþIsgÇwmeRcInCagmun . BYkeyIg 

BuMEmnkMBugrg;caMsøab;enaHeT . BYkeyIgCaeRcInkMBug rs;enAkñúgCIvitd¾bribUrN’ nigRbkbeday 

plitPaBx pþl;RbePTénRbB½n§pSBVpSayxus²Kña - ]> pÞaMgbdaGMBIeGds_ sac;erOgkñúgTMB½rsarB½t’man ExSGat; 

vIDIGUxøI² .l. EdlbgðajGMBIrUbPaBviC¢man nigGviC¢manrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ . 

2> EbgEcksikçakamCaRkum edIm,IviPaKsmÖar³TaMgenH 

etIGñkyl;eXIjdUcemþcGMBIrUbPaBTaMgenH? etIrUbPaBTaMgGs;enHCMruj[manGarmμN_EbbNa? 

[karP½yxøac ] 

etIGIVxøHCabNþúMehtuplEdlsßitenABIeRkayrUbPaBTaMgenH? ¬karP½yxøacRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,I 

bBa©úHbBa©Úl RbCaCn[ecosvagTegVIminl¥enAkñúgsgÁmTaMgenH [ karcak;eRKOgejón nigkarbMerI 

esvapøÚvePT ¦. 

etIGIVxøHCabBaðarbs;viFIsa®sþEdlmanmUldæanEp¥kelIkarP½yxøacenH? etIGIVxøHCaplvi)ak 

RbeyalénviFIsa®sþenH? ¬begáIt[mannUvkarmak;gaycMeBaHGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigeFIV[ 

BYkeKcg;lak;)aMgGMBI CmWrbs;BYkeK nigecosvagTTYlkarBüa)al¦. 

etImanviFIsa®sþGIVepSgeTotEdlGacykmkeRbIR)as;kñúgRbB½n§pSBVpSay? ]TahrN_³ rUbPaB 

vb,Fm’ b¤suPasitEdlelIkkMBs;viFIsa®sþpþl;karEfTaMkan;EtRbesIr . ]TahrN_ ³ {søwkeQI 

TaMgGs;RKbdNþb; søwkeQIEdlrEhk} mann½yfa shKmn_TaMgmUlmanParkic©emIlEfKñaeTAvij 

eTAmk . etIGIVxøHCaKuNtémø sñÚlkñúgvb,Fm’rbs;km

]bsm

]bsm

Pøam²eRkayqøgemeraKenH bu:EnþminmaneraKsBaØadéTeTot edaysarkareTIbqøgemeraKeGds_eLIy. Gñk 

EdlqøgemeraKenHmansuxPaBl¥mYyry³ ehIykñúgry³eBlmYy RbB½n§PaBsauMnwgcuHexSay nigminGac 

RbqaMgtTl;nwgemeraK nigCMgW)aneTot. ¬bu:EnþemeraKenAEtmanenAkñúgxøÜnmnusS ehIyGacqøgeTAkan;mnusS 

epSgeTot¦ enAdMNak;kalenH mnusSmñak;enH {manemeraKeGds_} bu:EnþminTan;manCMgWeGds_ b¤ cegáam 

eraKsBaØa EdlekIteLIgeRkayeBlEdlRbB½n§PaBsauMsarBagÁkaycuHexSayeLIy. 

cugeRkay sarBagÁkayEdlcuHexSayenHgayqøgCMgW ehIyTTYlrgkarvayRbharBICMgWnanadUcCa CMgWrebg 

CMgWrlaksYt CMgWmharIk nigCMgWrlakeRsamxYr - EdleKehAfa {CMgW»kasniym}. enAeBlEdlsarBagÁkay 

cuHexSayxøaMg minGacRbqaMgnwgCMgWTaMgenH)an mnusSmñak;enHKWmanCMgWeGds_³ cegáamCMgWEdlvayRbhar 

mnusSeRkayeBlEdlemeraKeGds_eFVI[sarBagÁkaycuHexSay. enAeBlEdlsarBagÁkaycuHexSayxøaMg 

mnusSmñak;enHGacsøab edaysarCMgW»kasniymmYy b¤ eRcIn kñúgcMeNamCMgW »kasniymTaMgenH. 

emeraKeGds_vayRbharsarBagÁkay dUckeNþórvaylukpÞHGBa©wgEdr. enAeBldMbUgBuMmankarRBman[dwg 

Camun nigkarxUcxatEdlemIleXIjCak;EsþgeLIy. vIrusenHlak;xøÜn enAxagkñúgekasikaQam ¬ekasika CD4¦ 

nig bgábegáItxøÜny:ageRcIn - KWdUcKñanwgkeNþórlak;xøÜn ehIysuIeQIEdlTb;pÞHkuM[rlM. BuMmanGñkNadwgfa 

eRKagpÞHenHcuHexSayyWt² edaymindwgxøÜnenaHeLIy. éfNamYy enAeBlEdlmanxül;xøaMgbk;mkpÞHenH 

nwgrlM. 

GVIeTACaCMgWeGds_ (AIDS)? 

CMgWeGds_ (AIDS) mkBIBaküeBj Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome cegáameraK 

sBaØaEdlekIteLIgeRkayeBlEdlRbB½n§PaBsauMsarBagÁkaycuHexSay : 

Acquired ¬ekIteLIgeRkay¦ : minEmnmanBIkMeNIt CaGVIEdlmnusSmñak;qøgBImnusSmñak;eTot. 

Immuno- ¬RbB½n§PaBsauM¦ : Bak;B½n§CamYynwgRbB½n§PaBsauMsarBagÁkay CaEpñkmYyrbs;sarBagÁkay 

EdlRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgemeraK. 

Deficiency ¬cuHexSay¦ : RbB½n§PaBsauMmineFVIkar)anl¥ edIm,IRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgCMgW. 

Syndrome ¬cegáameraKsBaØa¦ : cegáamCMgW EdlvayRbharsarBagÁkay enAeBlEdlRbB½n§PaBsauMcuH 

exSay. 

425

]bsm

snøwkB½t’manTI 1 

emeraKeGds_ (HIV) nigCMgWeGds_ (AIDS) ³ B½t’manCamUldæan 

]bsm karrYmePT³ RbsinebImnusSmñak;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ emeraKeGds_GaccmøgBIQam Twkkam b¤ TwkeyanI 

EdlmanemeraKrbs;eKedaypÞal; eTAkñúgQamrbs;mnusSmñak;eTot tamry³PñasesþIgrbs;eyanI 

ligÁ b¤ rn§KUf. enAkñúgeBlrYmePT vaCaerOgFmμta EdlkarkkiteFVI[mansñamdac;rlat;tUc² enAkñúg 

Pñas esþIgTaMgenHEdlGaceFVI[emeraKeGds_qøgcUleTAkñúgQam. 

2> karqøgBImþayeTAkUn (MTCT)³ emeraKeGds_GacqøgBImþay EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ eTATarkenAkñúg 

épÞeBaH eBlsRmal nigeBlbMe)AedaHkUn. bu:Enþ minEmnRKb;TarkTaMgGs; EdlekItecjBImþaypÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ suT§EtqøgemeraKeGds_enaHeT. manTarkRbEhlCamYyPaKbI EdlqøgemeraKeGds_ 

RbsinebImþaymin)anTTYlkarBüa)alCamYyfñaMBnüarCIvit (ARV). 

3> karbBa©ÚlQam nig smÖar³Edlmin)ansmøab;emeraK ³ emeraKeGds_Gacqøgtamry³karbBa©Úl Qam 

EdlmanemeraKeGds_ Edlqøgtamry³]bkrN_cak;TmøúHEs,k ¬suIr:ag¼m¢úl¦ nigLam. GñkEdlcak; 

fñaMejón RbQmnwgkarqøg nigkarcmøgemeraKeGds_ tamry³kareRbIm¢úlrYmKña. KYrmankarRbugRby½tñ 

CamYym¢úlEdleRbIR)as;sRmab;cak; nigCamYyLam³ m¢úl nig LamTaMgGs;KYrrMgab;emeraKCamunsin. 

enAkñúgkrNI EdlykmkeRbImþgeTot m¢úl b¤ LamKYrrMgab;emeraKmþgeTot muneBlEdlmnusSmñak; 

eTotykmkeRbIR)as;. KYrruMrbYsRKb;eBlevlaTaMgGs; minfaGñkrgrbYsCaGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b¤ 

CaGñkpþl;karEfTaM. 

edIm,I[emeraKeGds_Gacqøg)an emeraKeGds_ EdlmanenAkñúgQam Twkkam b¤ TwkeyanIrbs; 

GñkpÞúk RtUvcUleTAkñúgQamrbs;mnusSmñak;eTot tamkEnøgdac;rlat;enAelIEs,k dUcCa sñamm¢úl 

sñamdac; Es,k nig rbYs. 

427

]bsm RbsinebIQamrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ Rsk;cUleTAkñúg 

qñaMgcm¥in¦ vanwggab;Pøam. 

emeraKeGds_minGacqøgcUltamEs,kenAxageRkAsarBagÁkayrbs;GñkeLIy luHRtaEtmansñamdac;rlat;. 

bu:Enþ emeraKeGds_gayRsYlqøgcUltamEs,k enAelIRbdab;bnþBUC enAkñúgeBlrYmePT edaysarEtEs,kenA 

kEnøgenHesþIg niggaydac;rlat; EdleFVI[emeraKeGds_GacqøgcUl)an. CMgWRtg;Rbdab;bnþBUC ¬dUcCa CMgW 

kameraK CaedIm¦ eFVI[emeraKeGds_gayRsYlqøgcUleTAkñúgQam dUecñH GñkEdlmanCMgWkameraK gayqøg 

emeraKeGds_ CagmnusSdéTeTot. 

emeraKeGds_minGacqøgtamTwkmat; TwkEPñk kMGYt lamk b¤ TwkenamLIy ebIeTaHbICaeKeXIjmanemeraKeGds_ 

kñúgcMnYntictYc kñúgsarFaturavTaMgenHk¾eday. emeraKeGds_minmanenAkñúgejIseLIy. 

emeraKeGds_minGacqøg tamry³Es,k Edlmindac;rlat;eLIy ¬Es,kEdlmindac; minmanrbYs dMe)ABg 

Ebg .l.¦ 

emeraKeGds_minGacqøgtamry³TMnak;TMngFmμta dUcCa karb:HBal;GñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ karb:H b¤ kareRbI 

rbs;GVImYy EdlGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_)aneRbIehIy ¬dUcCa semøókbMBak;¦ kareRbIrbs;rbrsRmab; jauM b¤ pwkrYmKña 

kareRbIcanbgÁn;rYmKña. 

karEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ minmaneRKaHfñak;GVIeLIy RbsinebIGñkEfTaMeFVItambRmugRby½tñRtwmRtUv dUcCa 

ecalm¢úlmut y:agmansuvtßiPaB nig ruMkEnøgEdlmandac;rlat;. 

emeraKeGds_minqøgtamry³mUsxaM b¤ stVl¥itEdlbWtQameLIy. stVl¥itPaKeRcInmincmøgQamBI mnusS 

mñak; eTAmnusSmñak;eToteLIy enAeBlEdlBYkvaxaMmnusS. ]TahrN_ )a:r:asuItCMgWRKuncaj;cUl mkkñúgQam 

tamry³Twkmat;mUs minEmntamQamenaHeLIy. 

etIGñkGacbgáarkarqøg nig karraldalemeraKeGds_ edayrebobNa? 

RbsinebIGñkmanédKUrYmePTeRcIn b¤ RbsinebIGñkR)akdRbCaGMBITMnak;TMngpøÚvePTrbs;édKUrbs;Gñk 

GñkRtUveRbI b¤ suM[mankareRbIeRsamGnam½yral;eBlrYmePT. 

karBarxøÜnGñk BITwkecjBIsarBagÁkay EdlmanemeraK. 

428


GñkbeRmIesvakMsanþsb,ay (EWs) - sMnYrEdleKEtgsYrjwkjab 

]bsm

]bsm RbsinebI mnusS 

Namñak;RskQamelIqñaMgcm¥in¦ emeraKnwggab;Pøam. kEnøgEtmYyKt; EdlemeraKenHGacrs;enA)anxag 

eRkAsarBagÁkay KWenAkñúgsujGakas ¬dUcCa enAkñúgsuIr:ag¦ CakEnøg EdlvaminRtUvnwgxül;. 

brimaN³ edIm,I[karcmøgemeraKeGds_ekIteLIg)an emeraKenHRtUvmanbrimaN RKb;RKan; edIm,I[man 

hanIP½y. emeraKeGds_ mankñúgbrimaNeRcIn enAkñúgQam Twkkam TwkeyanI nig TwkedaHmþay dUecñHman 

hanIP½yénkarcmøg tamry³sarFaturavTaMgenH. emeraKeGds_mantictYc enAkñúgTwkmat; lamk nig 

Twkenam - nig minmanesaH enAkñúgejIs nig TwkEPñk - dUecñH BuMmanhanIP½yénkarcmøg enAkñúgkrNI TaMgGs; 

enHeLIy luHRtaEtmanQam. dUecñH karsm¥at b¤ kargUtTwk[GñkCMgW KWmansuvtßiPaB RbsinebIrbYs 

TaMgGs;RtUv)anruMCit. 

pøÚvcmøg³ edIm,I[karcmøgemeraKeGds_ekIteLIg)an emeraKRtUvEtenAxagkñúgsésQamrbs;Gñk. sarBagÁkay 

rbs;eyIg KWCaRbB½n§biTCit ehIyEs,kEdlmansuxPaBl¥ KWCarnaMgl¥bMput RbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_. elIs- 

BIenHeTAeTot emeraKeGds_minGaccmøgtamry³Es,kmindac;rlat; b¤ sUm,IEt Es,kEdldac;rlat; )anedaygayenaHeLIy. 

RbsinebImnusSmñak;mansñamdac;rlat; QamhUrecj eRkA qayBIsésQam. ehIy 

RbsinebIGñkminpÞúkemeraKeGds_ b:HBal;sñamdac;rlat;rbs;GñkpÞúk emeraKeGds_ QamEdlmanemeraK 

minGaccUl tamry³Es,kEdlmindac;rlat;)aneLIy. 

suPvinicä½y nigGnam½yCaerogral;éf GaclubbM)at;ecalkarP½yxøac nigkarRBYy)armÖCaeRcIn GMBIkarqøg 

emeraKeGds_. kardwgkarBitGMBIkarcmøgemeraKeGds_ CYymnusS[ecHkarBarxøÜnRKb;eBlTaMgGs; enAkñúg 

CIvitRbcaMéf nigenAkñúgsßanPaBxusFmμta. ]TahrN_ GñkEdldwgnwgmineRbIRcasduseFμjrYmKñaeLIy 

RbsinebIRcasenaHmanRbLak;Qam eKnwglagsm¥atkEnøgdac;rlat;[)ans¥at nigBak;eRsaméd b¤ ykGVI 

mkruMéd RbsinebIeKcaM)ac;RtUvsm¥atlamkrakrbs;mnusSmñak;eTot.

lkçxNÐTaMg 3 enH - brimaN KuNPaB nig pøÚvcmøg ("QQR") - CYyBnül;BImUlehtu 

EdlemeraKeGds_minGaccmøg edaysarskmμPaB dUcxageRkam³ 

karb:HEs,k b¤ ejIsrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

karpøas;bþÚrsemøókbMBak;[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

karelIkGahar[GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

karvas;sm

]bsm

cuHkarsm¥atlamkrakrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_vij - etÍ GacqøgEdrb¤eT? 

BuMmanhanIP½yenaHeT. lamkrak minmanemeraKeGds_eLIy RbsinebIminmanQam enAkñúglamk. ebIeTaH 

CamanQamk¾eday k¾lamkEdlmanQamenaH RtUvcUleTAkñúgsésQamrbs;Gñk edIm,IGacqøg)an. edIm,I 

Gnam½y nigedIm,IkarBarmin[qøgemeraKeGds_ KYreRbIeRsaméd b¤ ruMédrbs;Gñk enARKb; eBleFVIkarsm¥at 

EbbenH. 

etI´Gacrs;yUrbu:NÑa RbsinebI´manemeraKeGds_? 

vaGaRs½yelIktþaCaeRcIn. RbsinebIGñkmanPaBl¥ GacjauM)an rkSaGakb,kiriyaviC¢man nigmanesckþIRslaj; 

nigkarKaMRTBImnusSdéTeTot EdlenACuMvijxøÜnGñk GñkGacrs;enA)anCaeRcInqñaM. RbsinebIGñkGacTTYl)anfñaM 

BnüarCIvit (ARVs) ehIypwkva)anRtwmRtUv nigeTogTat; enaHGñkGacmanCIvitEdlmansuxPaBl¥ manRbeyaCn_ 

nigrs;enA)anyUr. 

sUmcgcaMfa³ emeraKeGds_ xusBICMgWeGds_. CamYyemeraKeGds_ GñkqøgemeraKenHEmn bu:Enþ Gñkman suxPaB 

l¥. CamYyCMgWeGds_ RbB½n§PaBsauMrbs;GñkcuHexSayxøaMg ehIyGñkGacqøgCMgW»kasniymCaeRcIn. Cakar 

sMxan;Nas; EdlGñkRtUvBüa)alCMgWTaMgenH. Canic©Cakal RtUvcgcaMfa³ kardwgfaxøÜn manemeraKeGds_ minEmn 

Cakarkat;eTasRbharCIvitenaHeT. 

CakarBitb¤ EdleRsamGnam½yminCamansuvtßiPaBbu:nμanenaHeT? 

RbsinebIeRbI)anRtwmRtUv eRsamGnam½yGackarBaremeraKeGds_ ¬nig karmanépÞeBaH¦ cMnYn 98°. emeraKenH 

minGacqøgkat;tameRsamGnam½y)aneLIy. eFVIy:agNakuM[eRsamGnam½yrbs;GñkhYskalkMNt; nig 

rkSavaenAkEnøgRtCak; nigsÜt. kuMlabv:asWlIn eL b¤ eRbgelIeRsamGnam½y edaysarEtvaGaceFVI[eRsam 

Gnam½yxUc nigrEhk. kuMeRbIeRsamGnam½ymþgelIsBImYy edaysarEtkar kkitrvageRsamGnam½y GaceFVI 

[varEhk nigxUc. 

433

]bsm


sMNYrEdleKEtgsYrjwkjab;GMBIemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_ 

]bsm

]bsm

sarBagÁkaymanbrimaNemeraKy:ageRcIn ¬cMnYnemeraKeRcIn¦ edaysarEtmanGgÁbdibkçR)aNtictYcbu:eNÑaH 

edIm,IRbqaMgnwgemeraK. eRkaymkeTot RbsinebImnusSmñak;enHFøak;xøÜnQW edaysarCMgWEdlbgáeLIgeday 

emeraKeGds_ cMnYnemeraKmankarekIneLIg. enAeBlEdlmnusSmñak;enHFøak;xøÜnQWxøaMg ¬manCMgWeGds_¦ 

cMnYnemeraKekIneLIgxøaMg ehIyGaccmøg)any:aggay. dUecñH RbsinebI®sþImñak;qøgemeraKeGds_enAeBl 

EdlKat;manépÞeBaH b¤ kMBugbMe)AedaHkUn enaHTarkenHman»kasqøgemeraKeGds_mankarekIneLIg. Rbsin 

ebI®sþImñak;manépÞeBaH b¤ bMe)AedaHkUn enAeBlEdlKat; kMBugecjeraKsBaØaCMgWeGds_ enaHTarkman»kasx

]bsm


karcmøgBImþayeTAkUn (MTCT) 

]bsm

]bsm


karcmøgBImþayeTAkUn (MTCT) 

]bsm

]bsm

etIRtUv[GñkCMgWrebg enAedayELkBIeKb¤? 

eT 2-3 s)aþh_dMbUg bnÞab;BIeBlcab;epþImkarBüa)al GñkCMgWElgGaccmøgeTAGñkdéT)aneTotehIy. 

bu:EnþenAkñúgry³eBl 2-3 s)aþh_dMbUgenH pÞHrbs;GñkCMgWRtUvmanxül;ecjcUl[)anl¥ ehIyGñkCMgW 

KYrRKbmat; enAeBlk¥k. bnÞab;BI 2-3 s)aþh_ GñkCMgWGacjauM eKg nigeFVIkarCamYyGñkdéT dUcFmμtadrab 

NaeKelbfñaMeTogTat;. BuMcaM)ac;mancansøabRBaBiess b¤ kRmaledayELkenaHeT. 

CMgWrebg nig emeraKeGds_ 

enAeBlEdlmnusSmñak;manCMgWrebg minEmnmann½yfa eKmanemeraKeGds_ b¤ CMgWeGds_enaHeT. 

bu:EnþRbsinebImnusSmñak;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ enaHPaBgayqøgCMgWrebgekIneLIg edaysarEtRbB½n§PaBsuaM rbs; 

sarBagÁkaycuHexSay edaysaremeraKeGds_. 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_GacTTYl)ankarBüa)alEdlnwgbgáar min[qøgCMgWrebg. enAtamkEnøgCaeRcIn karBüa)al 

bgáarenHmanpþl;[ edayminKitéfø. 

RbsinebImnusSmñak;pÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigqøgCMgWrebg CMgWrebgenHGacBüa)alCa. 

443

]bsm

GVIeTACakarBüa)al edayfñaMBnüarCIvit (ARV) ? 

karBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit (ARV) KWCakarBüa)al edayeRbIfñaMrYmKña - CaFmμta cab;BI 2 eLIgeTA Edl 

GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_RtUvpwk edIm,IBnüWtkarraldalemeraKeGds_enAkñúgsarBagÁkay. fñaMBnüarCIvitCYyeFVI 

[RbesIreLIgnUvRbB½n§PaBsauM ehIyvaCYy[sarBagÁkayGackarBarxøÜnBICMgWnanaEdlBak;B½n§nwgCMgWeGds_. 

fñaMBnüarCIvitkat;bnßykRmit b¤ cMnYnemeraKenAkñúgsarBagÁkay nigbgáamin[mankarbMpøajekasika CD4 

¬tamry³karbegáIncMnYn CD4 ¦. RbsinebIfñaMBnüarCIvitRtUv)anelbRtwmRtUv vaGacCYyeFVI[mnusSmñak;man 

suxPaBl¥ manCIvitEdlmanRbeyaCn_ nigrs;enA)anyUr. 

karBüa)aledayeRbIfñaMBnüarCIvit minEmnCakarBüa)alemeraKeGds_ b¤ CMgWeGds_enaHeT. »sfenH nwg 

kat;bnßycMnYnemeraKenAkñúgsarBagÁkay nigeFVI[mnusSmansuxPaBl¥Cagmun bu:EnþenAEtmanemeraKeGds_ 

enAkñúgQam. dUecñH enAeBlEdlmnusScab;epþImeRbIR)as;karBüa)al edayfñaMBnüarCIvit BYkeKKYrbnþeRbI 

fñaMenHeBjmYyCIvit. karBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit KWCakarebþCJacitþeBjmYyCIvit³ RbsinebImnusSQb; 

TTYlykkarBüa)al emeraKeGds_nwgbnþlUtlas;enAkñúgxøÜnrbs;BYkeK ehIyBYkeKnwgFøak;xøÜnQWmþgeTot. 

GñkEdlTTYlkarBüa)al edayfñaMBnüarCIvit caM)ac;RtUvelbfñaMenAeBlEdlRtwmRtUv nigtamrebobEdl 

RtwmRtUvCaerogral;éf. RbsinebIBYkeKQb; b¤ ePøcelbfñaM emeraKeGds_nwgxøaMgCagmun ehIyGacsauMnwgfñaM 

CalT§pleFVI[fñaMElgmanRbsiT§PaB. 

karBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit RtUv)anpþl;eTA[mnusSEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ bu:EnþminTan;manCMgWeGds_ nig 

eTA[GñkEdlmanCMgWeGds_. bu:EnþminEmnRKb;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_TaMgGs;suT§EtRtUvkarkarBüa)aleday 

fñaMBnüarCIvitenaHeT. manEtGñkEdlRbB½n§PaBsauMcuHexSayxøaMgedaysaremeraKeGds_b:ueNÑaH EdlRtUvkar 

karBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit. 

enAeBlEdlmnusSmñak;dwgfa eKpÞúkemeraKeGds_ etsþxageRkamenHnwgpþl;edaybuKÁliksuxaPi)al³ 

etsþrab; CD4 ³ kareFVIetsþQamenHrab;cMnYnekasikaQams (CD4). etsþrab;cMnYnemeraK³ etsþQam 

enHrab;cMnYnemeraKeGds_ enAkñúgQam. eKeFVIetsþrab; CD4 edIm,Icg;dwgBItRmUvkarTTYlkarBüa)al e 

dayfñaMBnüarCivitrbs;mnusSmñak; ¬enAeBlEdlcMnYn CD4 enATab¦. etsþrab;cMnYnemeraK vaytémø 

elIRbsiT§PaBrbs;fñaM nig kMNt;BIkRmit EdlRbB½n§PaBsauMmanPaBrwgmaMCagmun. 

445

]bsm


karBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit (ARV) 

]bsm jauMGaharl¥² nig pwkTwk[)aneRcIn edIm,IeFVI[xøÜnR)aNrwgmaM nigrkSaTmn;. GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

RskTmn;edaysarEtCMgW»kasniym b¤ )at;bg;sarCaticiBa©wmBIxøÜn edaysarEtCMgWrak b¤ kark¥Üt. 

2> manPaBskmμEpñkrUbragkay ³ GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_nwgmansuxPaBkan;Etl¥ RbsinebIBYkeKeFVI[ 

xøÜnÉgrvl;Cab;. 

3> eKg nigsRmak[)anRKb;RKan; edIm,I[ragkayFUres,IyeLIgvij. 

4> karsm¥atxøÜnR)aN nigpÞHsEm,g[)ans¥atl¥ nwgCYykat;bnßycMnYn nigeRbv:aLg;emeraK Edlbgá 

[manCMgW. 

447

]bsm rYmePTedaymansuvtßiPaB ¬eRbIR)as;eRsamGnam½y¦³ GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ EdlkMBugeRbIfñaMBnüar 

CIvitenAEtmanemeraKeGds_ ehIyGaccmøgemeraKeGds_eTA[GñkdéT. tamry³karGnuvtþkarrYm 

ePTedaysuvtßiPaB BYkeKGackarBarxøÜnÉgmin[qøgemeraKeGds_sarCafμI nigmin[emeraKekIn 

cMnYnenAkñúgsarBagÁkay. 

6> karrs;enAedaymankþIsgÇwm nigkarTTYl)ankarKaMRTBIRKYsar nig mitþP½®kþ³ enHCYy[GñkpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_ manGarmμN_faRtUv)anGñkdéTRslaj; nigrab;rk nig manGarmμN_l¥BIxøÜnÉg KWpþl;[BYkeK 

nUvkmøaMg nig TMnukcitþ edIm,Irs;enARbkbedaysuxPaBl¥ manRbeyaCn_ nigrs;enA)anyUr. 

cemøIycMeBaHsMNYrmYycMnYnGMBIkarBüa)al edayfñaMBnüarCIvit 

GVIeTACakarBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit? 

karBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit KWCakarBüa)alsMxan;sRmab;emeraKeGds_. karBüa)alenH eRbIR)as;fñaMCa 

eRcIn CaFmμtafñaMcab;BI 2 RbePTeLIgeTAbBa©ÚlKña. vaBnüWtkarlUtlas;rbs;emeraKeGds_ nigBRgwgRbB½n§ 

PaBsauM. 

etIfñaMBnüarCIvit KWCafñaMBüa)alemeraKeGds_ nig CMgWeGds_b¤? 

eT BuMmanfñaMBüa)alemeraKeGds_ nigCMgWeGds_eLIy. bu:EnþRbsinebImnusSmñak;pwkfñaMBnüarCIvit[)an Rtwm 

RtUv eKnwgmanGarmμN_l¥Cagmun ehIycMnYnemeraKnwgRtUv)ankat;bnßymkdl;cMNucmYy EdlElgRtUv)an 

eKrkeXIjeTot enAkñúgsarBagÁkay. bu:EnþkarBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvitminGaceFVI[Gs;emeraKBIxøÜnTaMgGs; 

enaHeT dUecñHCakarsMxan;Nas; EdlRtUvbnþpwkfñaMenH eBjmYyCIvit. 

etIfñaMBnüarCIvitGacpþl;Gayu)anbu:nμanqñaMbEnßm dl;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_? 

karBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit RtUv)aneKdwgfa GaceFVI[mnusSCaeRcInnak;Gacrs;enArhUtdl; 10 qñaM b¤ 

yUrTaMgenH GaRs½yeTAtamkRmiténkarqøgemeraKeGds_ enAeBlEdlmnusSmñak;enaHcab;epþImkarBüa)al 

edayfñaMBnüarCIvit. karRsavRCavCabnþbnÞab;bgðajfa manfñaMfμI EdlTMngCaGacbegáItry³eBlenH. rebob 

rs;enATUeTA rbbcMNIGahar nigkarpwkfñaMBnüarCIviteTogTat;rbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWCaktþakMNt;fa 

etIfñaMBnüarCIvitmanRbsiT§PaBsRmab;eKkRmitNa. 

448


karBüa)aledayfñaMBnüarCIvit (ARV) 

]bsm

]bsm

GVIeTACary³eBlminTan;eFVIetsþdwg? 

enAeBlEdlmnusSmñak;qøgemeraKeGds_ vaRtUvkareBlcMnYn 3 Ex edIm,I[sarBagÁkaybgðajBIkRmitGgÁ 

bdibkçR)aN EdlGacrkeXIjtamry³kareFVIetsþ. eKehAry³eBlenHfaCa ry³eBlminTan;eFVIetsþdwg. 

enAkñúgry³eBlenH etsþenHnwgminbgðajBIGgÁbdibkçR)aNeLIy ehIylT§plnwgbgðajfa mnusSmñak;enH 

nwgminmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ebIeTaHbICaKat;manemeraKeGds_ehIyk¾eday. enHKWCamUlehtu EdleKRtUv 

eFVIetsþCaelIkTI 2 bIExeRkaykareFVIetsþdMbUg. 

ehtuGVI)anCamnusSKYreFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_? 

RbsinebImnusSRBYy)armÖxøacxøÜnmanemeraKeGds_ kareFVIetsþGaceFVI[xYrk,alrbs;BYkeKElgxVl;xVay. 

kardwgBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeK nwgCYyBYkeKkñúgkarerobcMEpnkarsRmab;GnaKtrbs;BYkeK nig GnaKténRkum 

RKYsarrbs;BYkeK. GñkEdleFVIetsþeXIjviC¢man Gaccat;viFankar ¬]> jauMGahar l¥²¦ edIm,IemIlEfsuxPaB 

rbs;BYkeK EsVgrkkarBüa)al[)anqab; enAeBlmanbBaðasuxPaB nigBnüarkarelcecjCMgWeGds_. BYkeK 

GacR)ab;dl;édKU nigkarBarédKUrbs;BYkeKmin[qøgemeraKeGds_. GñkEdleFVIetsþeXIjGviC¢man Gacpøas; 

bþÚrCIvitpøÚvePTrbs;BYkeK edIm,I[BYkeKGacecosvagqøgemeraKeGds_naeBlGnaKt. 

GVIeTACakarRbwkSa nig kareFVIetsþedaysμ½RKcitþ (VCT)? 

karRbwkSa nig kareFVIetsþedaysμ½RKcitþ (VCT) KWCaRbB½n§énkareFVIetsþmnusSrkemeraKeGds_ nigpþl;kar 

RbwkSaGMBIB½t’maneBjelj EdlBak;B½n§nwgkareFVIetsþ. VCT rYmmankarpþl;RbwkSamuneBleFVIetsþ kareFVI 

etsþrkemeraKeGds_ karpþl;RbwkSaeRkayeBleFVIetsþ nig karCUndMNwgdl;édKU nig kartamdanbnþ¼kar 

bBa¢Ún. 

VCT KWelIsBIkareFVIetsþQam nigpþl;RbwkSaeTA[mnusS. vaKWCacMNucepþIménesvaemeraKeGds_ nig CMgW 

eGds_déTeTot dUcCa karbgáarkarcmøgBImþayeTAkUn (MTCT) karbgáarnigkarBüa)alCMgW »kasniym nig 

karKaMRTEpñkcitþsgÁm. 

451

]bsm


kareFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_-karpþl;RbwkSa 

nigkareFVIetsþedaysμ½RKcitþ (VCT) 

]bsm mnusS 

mñak;GacRtUv)anRKYsarminrab;rk beNþjecjBIpÞH nig¼b¤ RtUv)anédKUe)aHbg;ecal. 

etI VCT manCMhanGVIxøH? 

VCT manCMhanCaeRcIn dUcCa KitKUr[)anRbugRby½tCamun GMBIkarRbwkSamuneBleFVIetsþ kareFVIetsþCak;Esþg 

nig karpþl;RbwkSaeRkaykareFVIetsþ. 

1> karKitGMBIkareFVIetsþ 

mnusSPaKeRcIn EdlmanemeraKeGds_ manGarmμN_faxøÜnmansuxPaBl¥. viFIEtmYyKt; edIm,Idwgfa 

etIBYkeKmanemeraKeGds_b¤Gt; KWRtUveFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_. 

mUlehtu EdlRtUvKitGMBIkareFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_ rYmman³ 

rYmePT edayKμansuvtßiPaB b¤ eRsamGnam½yrEhk 

kMBugKitcg;erobkar b¤ mankUn 

manbþI¼RbBn§¼édKU EdlmanlT§pletsþviC¢man 

ecHEtbnþmanCMgW ehIyRBYy)armÖxøacERkgmanemeraKeGds_ 

vaKWCakarseRmccitþrbs;buKÁlmñak;² faRtUveFVIetsþ b¤ Gt;. BuMmanGñkNamñak;GacbgçM[eKeFVIetsþenaH 

eLIy. 

453

]bsm karpþl;RbwkSamuneBleFVIetsþ 

karpþl;RbwkSamuneBleFVIetsþ CYy[GtifiCneRtomerobcMxøÜnsRmab;lT§pletsþrkemeraKeGds_. eK 

niyayCamYyGñkpþl;RbwkSaGMBI³ 

reboeFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_ ³ eFVIedayrebobNa Gtßn½y nig B½t’manEdlBak;B½n§énlT§pl viC¢man 

nig lT§plGviC¢man. 

mUlehtu EdlRtUveFVIetsþ ³ vaGacman\T§iBlelIkarseRmccitþrbs;GtifiCn faRtUveFVIetsþ b¤ min 

RtUveFVIetsþ. 

hanIP½yénkarGacqøgemeraKeGds_rbs;GtifiCn nig rebobkat;bnßyhanIP½yemeraKeGds_. 

EpnkarGMBIGVIEdlRtUveFVIrbs;GtifiCn eRkayTTYl)anlT§pletsþ ¬vaKWCaRbtikmμpÞal;xøÜnrbs; 

GtifiCn eTAnwglT§plviC¢man b¤ GviC¢man rebobCUndMNwgdl;édKU nig rebobEsVgrkkþI RsLaj; nig 

karKaMRT¦. 

3> etsþ 

RbsinebIGtifiCnseRmccitþeFVIetsþ BYkeKnwgpþl;QameFVICavtßúviPaK bnÞab;mkeKykvtßúviPaKenH 

eTAeFVIetsþenAkñúgmnÞIrBiesaFn_evC¢sa®sþ. 

4> karpþl;RbwkSaeRkaykareFVIetsþ 

karpþl;RbwkSaeRkaykareFVIetsþ CYy[GtifiCnTTYlyklT§pl. GtifiCnniyayCamYyGñkpþl; 

RbwkSaCMnajdEdl GMBIlT§pl nig GVIEdlBYkeKRtUveFVIbnÞab;. 

RbsinebIlT§plGviC¢man GtifiCnnwgRtUv)anesñIr[RtLb;mkeFVIetsþmþgeTot enA 3 ExeRkay 

eBalKWenAcug {ry³eBleFVIetsþminTan;dwg}. BYkeKk¾nwgRtUv)anelIkTwkcitþ[enAbnþGviC¢man 

tamry³karBinitüeLIgvijelIRKb;hanIP½yEdlBak;B½n§TaMgGs; nig rebobkat;bnßyhanIP½yTaMg 

enaH[enAticCaGb,brma. 

454


kareFVIetsþrkemeraKeGds_-karpþl;RbwkSa 

nigkareFVIetsþedaysμ½RKcitþ (VCT) 

]bsm

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