lxvii

lxvii lxvii

from ice.ge More from this publisher

19.01.2014 Views

S u q i a a f r i d o n i Z e saxe xeleb lebTan ricxvmonac nacvle zmnebis SeTan Tanxm xmebis wese sebi bisa saTvis 1. saxelisa da zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis wesebi rig SemTxvevaSi sruliad garkveulia. igulisxmeba: a) mravlobiTSi dasmul sulier saxelebTan zmnac mravlobiTSia, e. i. zmna eTanxmeba saxels (aq: qvemdebares): kaci midis _ kacebi / kacni midian, ZaGli Kefs _ ZaGlebi Kefen); b) usulo saxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis formebTan zmna, Cveulebriv, mxoloobiTSia (saxlebi / magidebi dgas), Tuki saxelebs saTanado piris nacvalsaxelis - nar/Taniani formebi (isini / maT) ar enacvleba (isini dganan); g) amave wess misdevs (e. i. mxoloobiTSi dadgeba zmna krebiT saxelebTan (studentoba / axalgazrdoba mxiarulobs. Sdr.: studentebi / axalgazrdebi mxiaruloben) da SewKvilebuli (defisiT gaformebuli) saxelebi (col-qmari / deda-Svili... tkbilad cxovrobda) (Sdr.: coli da qmari / deda da Svili... cxovrobdnen). maSasadame, arc erT am SemTxvevaSi orazrovneba ara gvaqvs. 2. imasve ver vitKviT e. w. supleturi zmnebis xmarebis SemTxvevaTa Sesaxeb. es gasagebicaa: aq forma malu luri SeTanxmebis wesebSi iyreba azrob robri rivi SeTanadebis sakiTxi, rac arTulebs erTmniSvnelovani wesebis CamoKalibebas da, aqedan gamomdinare, maT dacvasac. leqsikuri saSualebebiT gamoxatuli mravlobiToba enis simdidrea da SeuZlebelia mavanTa gauTviTcnobiereblobis gamo maT advilad (upasuxismgeblod) SevelioT. amasTan, rKevis procesic TvalsaCinoa, magram mainc SesaZlebelia normatiuli da aranormatiuli sakiTxebis gamiJvna. 3. normatiuli sakiTxebis dasma-gadawKvetisas gasaTvaliswinebelia qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mtkice sintaqsuri wesi simravlis aGmniSvnel msazGvrelebTan (ricxviT saxelebsa da ganusazGvreli simravlis aGmniSvnel sxva saxelebTan) sazGvrulebisa da maTTan Sexamebuli zmnebis mxoloobiTSi xmarebisa. es erTgvari `Jayvuri reaqcia~ saeyvos xdis amgvar SemTxvevebSi supleturi zmnebis xmarebis sayiroebis sakiTxs. 4. gasaTvaliswinebelia zogierTi semantikur-stilistikuri faqtoric, romlebic iZleva imis safuZvels, rom daisvas sakiTxi rig SemTxvevaSi supleturi da maTi monacvle regularuli zmnebis paraleluri xmarebis daSvebis Sesaxeb. n a t o a x a l a i a erTpi Tpiri riani medi dioaq aqti tive vebi megrul grulSi (qarTulTan SepirispirebiT) saSuali gvaris zmna, qarTulis msgavsad, megrulSic mravalferovnebiTa da sirTuliT gamoirCeva, rasac am tipis zmnaTa formobriv-semantikuri sxvadasxvaoba ganapirobebs. megrulSi saSuali gvarisaa sxvadasxva semantikis mqone formebi, esenia: a) frinvelTa da cxovelTa xmianobis aGmniSvneli zmnebi; b) xmis, xmauris aGmniSvneli zmnebi; g) laparakis aGmniSvneli zmnebi; d) bunebis movlenebis aGmniSvneli zmnebi; e) qarTulidan nasesxebi zogierTi fuZe da sxv. erTpiriani medioaqtivebi megrulSi Semdegi TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva: 1. megrulSi erTpirian medioaqtivTa sawarmoeblad, qar- Tulisgan gansxvavebiT, moqmedebiTi gvaris saTaviso qcevis forma ki ar gamoiKeneba, aramed saSual gvars sakuTari forma- 3

S u q i a a f r i d o n i Z e

saxe

xeleb

lebTan ricxvmonac

nacvle zmnebis

SeTan

Tanxm

xmebis wese

sebi

bisa

saTvis

1. saxelisa da zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis wesebi rig SemTxvevaSi

sruliad garkveulia. igulisxmeba:

a) mravlobiTSi dasmul sulier saxelebTan zmnac mravlobiTSia,

e. i. zmna eTanxmeba saxels (aq: qvemdebares):

kaci midis _ kacebi / kacni midian, ZaGli Kefs

_ ZaGlebi Kefen);

b) usulo saxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis formebTan zmna,

Cveulebriv, mxoloobiTSia (saxlebi / magidebi dgas),

Tuki saxelebs saTanado piris nacvalsaxelis -

nar/Taniani formebi (isini / maT) ar enacvleba (isini

dganan);

g) amave wess misdevs (e. i. mxoloobiTSi dadgeba zmna

krebiT saxelebTan (studentoba / axalgazrdoba mxiarulobs.

Sdr.: studentebi / axalgazrdebi mxiaruloben)

da SewKvilebuli (defisiT gaformebuli) saxelebi

(col-qmari / deda-Svili... tkbilad cxovrobda)

(Sdr.: coli da qmari / deda da Svili... cxovrobdnen).

maSasadame, arc erT am SemTxvevaSi orazrovneba ara

gvaqvs.

2. imasve ver vitKviT e. w. supleturi zmnebis xmarebis

SemTxvevaTa Sesaxeb. es gasagebicaa: aq forma

malu

luri

SeTanxmebis

wesebSi iyreba azrob

robri

rivi

SeTanadebis sakiTxi, rac arTulebs

erTmniSvnelovani wesebis CamoKalibebas da, aqedan gamomdinare,

maT dacvasac.

leqsikuri saSualebebiT gamoxatuli mravlobiToba enis

simdidrea da SeuZlebelia mavanTa gauTviTcnobiereblobis

gamo maT advilad (upasuxismgeblod) SevelioT. amasTan, rKevis

procesic TvalsaCinoa, magram mainc SesaZlebelia normatiuli

da aranormatiuli sakiTxebis gamiJvna.

3. normatiuli sakiTxebis dasma-gadawKvetisas gasaTvaliswinebelia

qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mtkice sintaqsuri

wesi simravlis aGmniSvnel msazGvrelebTan (ricxviT saxelebsa

da ganusazGvreli simravlis aGmniSvnel sxva saxelebTan) sazGvrulebisa

da maTTan Sexamebuli zmnebis mxoloobiTSi xmarebisa.

es erTgvari `Jayvuri reaqcia~ saeyvos xdis amgvar SemTxvevebSi

supleturi zmnebis xmarebis sayiroebis sakiTxs.

4. gasaTvaliswinebelia zogierTi semantikur-stilistikuri

faqtoric, romlebic iZleva imis safuZvels, rom daisvas

sakiTxi rig SemTxvevaSi supleturi da maTi monacvle regularuli

zmnebis paraleluri xmarebis daSvebis Sesaxeb.

n a t o a x a l a i a

erTpi

Tpiri

riani medi

dioaq

aqti

tive

vebi megrul

grulSi

(qarTulTan SepirispirebiT)

saSuali gvaris zmna, qarTulis msgavsad, megrulSic

mravalferovnebiTa da sirTuliT gamoirCeva, rasac am tipis

zmnaTa formobriv-semantikuri sxvadasxvaoba ganapirobebs.

megrulSi saSuali gvarisaa sxvadasxva semantikis mqone

formebi, esenia: a) frinvelTa da cxovelTa xmianobis aGmniSvneli

zmnebi; b) xmis, xmauris aGmniSvneli zmnebi; g) laparakis

aGmniSvneli zmnebi; d) bunebis movlenebis aGmniSvneli zmnebi;

e) qarTulidan nasesxebi zogierTi fuZe da sxv.

erTpiriani medioaqtivebi megrulSi Semdegi TaviseburebebiT

gamoirCeva:

1. megrulSi erTpirian medioaqtivTa sawarmoeblad, qar-

Tulisgan gansxvavebiT, moqmedebiTi gvaris saTaviso qcevis

forma ki ar gamoiKeneba, aramed saSual gvars sakuTari forma-

warmoeba aqvs, riTac emsgavseba moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebs

(fun

fun-s _ duG-s, ge-fun

fun-s _ i-duG-eb-s, ge-fu

_ i-duG-a).

2. megruli mKofadisa da namKo ZiriTadisaTvis, metwil

SemTxvevaSi, damaxasiaTebelia uprefiqso formawarmoeba, rac

ucxoa Tanamedrove qarTulisaTvis (lal

lal-un

un-s _ Kefs, lalu

lu _

i-Kef-a).

3. megrulSi mKofadis wresa da namKo ZiriTadis nakvTeb-

Si garCeulia sruli da usruli aspeqtis formebi. qarTulSi

ki am tipis zmnebs aspeqtis gageba ara aqvT (lal

lal-un

un-s _ Kefs,

qo-lal

lal-un

un-s _ i-Kef-eb-s, lalu

lu // qo-la

lalu

lu _ i-Kef-a).

4. megrulSi erTpiriani medioaqtivebi dairTaven [qo

qo-],

go-, do- zmniswinebs, romlebic, qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, gezsa

da orientaciaze ar miuTiTeben.

liT~ gaformebuli gvari. ase magaliTad, axvlediani gaxda kirisiloGli.

am faqts adasturebs 1944 wels gamocemuli

mkvlevar xariton axvledianis monografia: `narkvevi ayaris istoriidan~

(XVI-XVII s.s.), romelSic avtori orive gvars, axvledianTan

erTad iqve frCxilebSi kirisiloGlsac uTiTebda. gvari

kirisiloGli erTi epoqis naKofia, Turqebis batonobis

droindeli (abJarosani axvlediani Turqul enaze iTargmna,

rogorc kirisiloGli axvlediani). ZirZvel qarTul gvarebs,

aseve qarTul toponimebs, Turqebi maTTvis gasageb enaze Targmnidnen.

ase magaliTad, Turqebis Semosvlis Semdeg qarTuli

`wKavnari koncxi~ maT pirdapir Targmnes, rogorc `karaiemiS

buruni~ (Kara- Savi, iemiS _ `saymeli~), xolo rusebis Semosvlis

Semdeg, igive toponimi, amJerad rusebma Targmnes rusul

enaze, rogorc ”зелёный мыс” _ mwvane koncxi.

n a r g i z a x v l e d i a n i

erTi gvaris isto

tori

riisa

saTvis ayara

raSi

sagvareulo gadmocemiT, Jvarosnuli laSqrobidan ukan

dabrunebisas erT-erT Jvarosan molaSqres, abJarosan axvledians

moswonebia es adgili da dasaxlebula maxinJaurSi. bunebrivia,

Jvarosnul laSqrobaSi, Sesabamisad aGyurvil-SeiaraGebulni,

abJarasxmulni, `abJarosanni~, anu JavSniT Semosilni Gebulobdnen

monawileobas.

Cveni naSromis mizania, warmovadginoT erTi gvaris istoria

ayaraSi. eseni arian leCxumidan mosuli _ maxinJaureli

axvledianebi _ alxamuS axvledianis STamomavlebi. alxamuSi

erT-erTi bolo qristiani axvlediani iKo, romelic maxinJaur-

Sia dakrZaluli.

ayaraSi, Turqebis batonobis dros, axvledianebma, iseve

rogorc TiTqmis Kvela sxva mcxovrebma, miiGes Turquli `oG-

4

m a i a b a r i x a S v i l i

kultu

turu

ruli

rein

integ

tegra

racia

da dialeq

leqtis

ganvi

viTa

Tare

rebis

zogi

saki

kiTxi

(naTesaobis

aGmniSvneli ingilouri leqsikis mixedviT)

ingilouri dialeqti sukuneebis manZilze ganicdida

azerbaiJanuli enis gavlenas, ris gamoc igi daSorebuli iKo

saliteraturo qarTulsa da sxva aGmosavlur kiloebs. dialeqtis

mkvlevrebi r. GambaSiZe, b. JorbenaZe, n. rostiaSvili,

v. JangiZe aGniSnavdnen: `ingilouri kilo ganicdis azerbaiJanuli

enis gavlenas da mosalodnelia, rom es gavlena kidev ufro

imatebs momavalSi~. Cvens xelT arsebul teqstebze da-

KrdnobiT SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom ingilour dialeqtSi gasuli

saukunis 90-iani wlebidan saliteraturo qarTulis gavlenis

axali fena ikveTeba. xelovnur izolaciaSi mKof ingi-

lour dialeqtSi gaCnda erovnuli enis xelaxali gavlenis kvali

da `centriskuli~ tendenciebi (m. beriZe). rac, Cveni azriT,

kulturuli reintegraciiT aris gamowveuli. 1990-iani

wlidan saingilos teritoriaze SesaZlebeli gaxda sazogadoebrivi

arxis gadacemebis miGeba, xolo 2000 wlidan mas daemata

`rusTavi 2~ da `imedi~. am da sxva saxis aGdgenili kontaqtebis

wKalobiT ingilouris leqsikur fondSi aGdga Zveli,

miviwKebuli formebi.

moxsenebaSi ganvixilavT mose JanaSvilis, r. GambaSiZis,

gr. imnaiSvilis, v. kuzibabaSvilisa da proeqtis `saqarTvelos

lingvisturi portreti~ farglebSi (avtori m. beriZe) 2005-

2007 wlebSi Caweril teqstebs.

aGsaniSnavia, rom v. kuzibabaSvilis mier Caweril teqstebSi

ukve dasturdeba erTi mTqmelis metKvelebaSi paralelurad

gamoKenebuli sinonimuri formebi, romelTagan erTi

azerbaiJanulia, meore ki _ qarTuli: Ana- deda; qardas-Zma da

sxv. xolo 2006 wlidan, aGniSnuli proeqtis farglebSi Caweril

teqstebSi, TiTqmis gandevnilia naTesaobis aGmniSvneli

ucxoenovani leqsika da gvxvdeba mxolod qarTuli, rogorc

axalgazrdebis, aseve xandazmulebis metKvelebaSi:

magaliTad: qardas _ Zma, iezna _ siZe, tai _ biZa, qoum _

qvisli, qirva _ naTlia da sxva.

moxsenebaSi warmovadgenT Cven mier moZiebul masalas da

ganvixilavT ingilouri dialeqtis Tanamedrove enobriv viTarebas.

g u r a m b e d o S v i l i

erTi mxatvru

vruli meta

tafo

foris Sesa

saxeb

al. Kaz

azbe

begi

gis `namwK

namwKem

emsa

saris mogo

gone

neba

banis

nis~

mixed

xedviT

1. moTxrobaSi `namwKemsaris mogonebani~ al. Kazbegs Seuqmnia

erT-erTi saucxoo mxatvruli saxe. igi wers: `cxvari

gaiZaba viwro xveuls xeobazed da daemsgavsa moZravs grZels

x o r t s~ (Txz., gv. 463, 10).

al. Kazbegis TxzulebaTa leqsikonis Semdgenels (prof.

S. ZiZiguri) saeyvod mosCvenebia siswore sitKvisa `x o r t i~,

amitomac saleqsikono sitKva-statiaSi kiTxulobs: xom ar unda

KofiliKo z o r t i? Tavis eyvs mkvlevari iqve ganmartavs: `es

savaraudebelia Sinaarsis mixedviT da amave dros advilad miviGebdiT

z-s adgilas x-s: an Camotexilia zeda nawili (z asosi)

nabeydSi, anda g a u g e b r o b a (xazi Cvenia, g. b.) warmomdgaria

avtografSi x _ z xelnawer asoTa msgavsebis safuZvelze~

(TxzulebaTa leqsikoni, gv. 553).

2. mwerliseuli `xor

xorti

ti~ moxeuri sitKvaa da Kinulis patar-patara

namtvrevebs niSnavs. moxeur xorts mTiulebSi

`xor

xordi

di~ SeesitKveba imave mniSvnelobiT (l. kaiSauri). xorti

ganmartebulia sabas da n. CubinaSvilis mier rogorc `didi

Kinulis nayeri~.

3. dialeqturi formis `gasworebam~ iSviaTi gamomsaxvelobiTi

Zalis metaforisagan aGaraferi datova: cxvris faris

`zor

zorti

tiviT

viT~ svla sruliad arafrismTqmeli saxea.

aqedan Cans, rom mwerlis enaze momuSave enaTmecniers,

miT umetes, dialeqtologs, gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile mar-

Tebs.

6

c i a l a b e n d e l i a n i

migra

graci

ciebi i cxeniswK

niswKlis xeoba

baSi da sametKve

metKvelo

kode

debis aGwe

weris Tavi

vise

sebu

bure

reba

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia cxeniswKlis xeobis migraciul

procesebTan dakavSirebuli lingvisturi sakiTxebi. ker-

Zod, kodebis Serevis problema.

cxeniswKlis xeobidan / xeobaSi XIX saukunis bolodan intensiurad

warimarTa migraciuli procesi, ris gamoc imereTis

samegrelospira zolSi amjamda mikroqarTveluri sametvelo

arealia warmoqmnili. aqtiurad mimdinareobs mikronTa Sereva,

Tumca migraciebi iseTi masiuri da intensiuri aGar aris, rogorc

iKo II msoflio omis Semdeg, momdevno periodSi _ urbanizaciis

/ ekokatastrofebis safuZvelze, afxazeTis omis Sedegad.

sametKvelo kodebis Serevis TvalsazrisiT axal viTarebas

qmnis saqarTvlodan sxvadasxva periodulobiT emigrirebulTa

simravle.

cxeniswKlis xeobaSi amjamad qvemoimerelTa garda saxloben:

gaimerlebuli Zveli migranti megrelebi; urbanizaciis safuZvelze

migrirebuli cxeniswKlisxeobeli leCxumlebi; XIX s.

II naxevridan afxazeTSi Sesuli, afxazeTis omamde da omis

dros xeobaSi migrirebuli qvemoimerlebi, zemoimerlebi, le-

Cxumlebi, rayvelebi; afxazeTSi adreul periodSi migrirebuli

mgerelebi (martvilidan da sxv. raionebidan) da svanebi

(balszemoeli, balsqvemoeli, Colureli, laSxeTeli da lentexeli);

ufro adreuli periodebidan _ ekodevnili lentexeli

svanebi; ekomigranti ayarlebi sxalTis xeobidan; kaTolike mesxebi

(e. w. `frangebi~) XX saukunis dasawKisidan; rusTa da ukrainelTa

mcirericxovani socialuri Jgufebi (30-iani wlebidan);

XX saukunis dasawKisidan _ axalsirielTa mcirericxovani

Jgufebi, 40-iani wlebidan samxreT saqarTvelodan nebaKofilebiT

migrirebuli somxebi.

araqarTulenovan sametKvelo Jgufebs / individebs Senar-

8

Cunebuli aqvT mSobliuri sametKvelo kodebi, sakomunikacio

doneze floben qarTul saliteraturo da dialeqtur sametKvelo

kodebs, ganaTlebas iGebdnen da iGeben rusul enaze.

damxvduri da migrirebuli mosaxleobis sametKvelo kod-

Ta Serevis analizi aucileblobiT sayiroebs damxvdur sametKvelo

kodSi substratuli danaleqis Seswavlas, Semosuli

mosaxleobis sametKvelo kodebSi migraciamdeli cvlilebebis

gamoKofas, aseTive meTodiT Seiswavleba TiToeuli migrirebuli

sametKvelo kodi _ migraciamdel periodebSi momxdari Serevebi

(damxvdur sametKvelo kodTan / sxva migrirebul kodeb-

Tan). Semdgomi etapia migraciis periodSi momxdari cvlilebebis

analizi. kvlvisas mivmarTavT Sereuli analizis meTods.

gansakuTrebul sirTules qmnis saanalizo regionSi

warmoqmnili mozaikuroba: mikromozaikuria, mag.: devnilTa

kompaqturi dasaxleba, makromozaikuri SeiZleba ewodos saanalizo

regions.

qarTul saliteraturo enobriv kodTan da kodebs Soris

urTierTobaTa Seswavla emKareba TiToeuli socialuri /

sametKvelo Jgufis detalur sociologiur aGweras. ukve adaptirebuli

meTodebis garda regionSi Seqmnili speacifikuri

viTarebidan gamomdinare viKenebT aGweris damatebiT saSualebebs,

ris safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia gamoiKos socialuri diatipebi,

socialuri saqmianobis sferoTa mixedviT sametKvelo

repertuarebSi aGinusxos narev mikronTa gamoKenebis sixSire,

TiToeuli sametKvelo kodis adgili kodebis ierarqiaSi, korelaciis

dadgena _ fonologiuri cvladi / sociolingvisturi

cvladi, identuri / araidenturi, sabazo diafonis SemTxvevaSi

migrirebul da damxvdur sametKelo kodebSi momxdari fonetikuri

cvlilebebi da a. S.

sakvlev regionSi sametKvelo kodTa Serevis analizisas

aucilebelia masalis interdisciplinarul sibrtKeze ganxilva.

m e r a b b e r i Z e

`va

vaha

hani

nisa

sa~ da `va

vaxa

xanis

nis~ isto

toria

ria-

etimo

molo

logi

giisa

saTvis

vani

gavrcelebuli sitKvaa qarTul enaSi. Mmisi mniSvneloba

iKo: sadgomi, saxli, daba, sacxovrebeli (i. abulaZe). misgan

aris warmoqmnili sitKvebi: savane, davaneba, savanis dadeba

da sxva.

Bbevria van- fuZis Semcveli toponimebi saqarTveloSi: vani,

vanaTi, vaneTi, vaneli, vaniqedi, vanisyala, savane, savanisubani,

vanisxevi da sxva.

vanis qvabe

bebi

bi, romelic mdebareobs mtkvris xeobaSi, var-

ZiasTan axlos, istoriaSi cnobilia vaha

hanis qvabe

bebad

bad. SemorCenilia

me-13 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi Seqmnili `vahanis qvabTa

gangeba~.

saSualo iranuli vani saSualo sparsulSi warmodgenilia

h da x TanxmovnebiT _ vahan (vahan) formiT (m. andronikaSvili).

qarTul toponimiaSi dasturdeba samive forma, rogorc

h da x TanxmovnebiT, ise Tanxmovnebis gareSe: istoriuli vaha

ha-

ni, vaxani _ zemo imereTSi da vani dasaxlebuli punqtis Tu

nasoflaris saxelad saqarTvelos teritoriaze.

vaxa

xani

nisa

da vaha

hanis

igiveoba-naTesaobaze miuTiTes T.

jordaniam, l. mesxeliSvilma da sxvebma. maTi azriT, vaxa

xani

mesxeTSi

osmaleTis gabatonebis Semdeg vaha

hani

nidan

gadmosulebma

daaarses zemo imereTSi.

1393 wlis erT-erTi minaweris mixedviT vaha

hani

ukve vanis

saxiT ixsenieba. vans uwodeben vahans me-15-me-16 saukuneebSi.

vanis qvabebad icnobs am punqts vaxuStic.

vahanidan misi sexnia (fonetikuri varianti) toponimi zemo

imereTSi osmalobamde bevrad adre unda warmoqmniliKo,

albaT maSinve, rodesac vanis qvabebSi monasteri iKo. SeiZleba

igi saerTod damoukideblad warmoqmnili saxelic aris.

10

s o f i k o b e r u l a v a, e T e r S e n g e l i a

axali masa

sale

lebi lazu

zuri diqleq

leqtis

dargob

gobri

rivi leqsi

siki

kidan

arnold Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis institutis

mivlinebiT 2008 wlis 9-dan 22 agvistomde lazuri teqstebis

Casawerad viKaviT xelvaCauris raionis sofel sarfSi.

Cveni mivlineba ar iTvaliswinebda eqspedicias TurqeTis

sazGvrebSi moqceul lazeTSi, magram Cveni maspinZlis, sarfeli

muhamed (mamia) kaxiZis meSveobiT masala iqac movipoveT,

kerZod, viwesa (axlandeli findikli) da arqabeSi.

video da audio masala Seicavs sxvadasxva Tematuri Sinaarsis

teqstebs:

soflis meur

urne

neobis darge

gebi

bi: mebostneoba, mevenaxeobameGvineoba,

memcenareoba: sasoflo-sameurneo mcenareebis _ simindi,

dika, qurumi `Gomi~, kanafi, Tambaqo, citrusi _ moKvana,

movla-gaSeneba; meTevzeoba: Tevzaobis periodi, pirobebi,

Tevzis JiSebi, Tevzis Senaxvis wesi; mefutkreoba: moSeneba, movla,

misi Tvisebebi; mesaqonleoba: mecxvareoba, meZroxeoba, me-

Txeveoba; maTi movla-moSeneba; rZe da rZis nawarmi. nadiroba;

sasoflo-sameurneo iaraGi da transporti: guTani, xarebi,

cxeni, uremi.

nage

gebo

boba

bani

ni: sacxovrebeli nagebobani _ ficruli saxli,

misi aGweriloba; sameurneo nagebobani _ beGeli, sabZeli, sacexveli;

samSeneblo masalebi _ qva, xe.

samo

mose

seli

li: monadiris, meTevzis, mefutkris, saqorwilo,

samgloviaro.

xelos

losno

noba

ba: sawnaxelis, dergis, kalaTis, salamuris da

sxva nakeTobaTa damzadeba; navis ageba, misi nawilebi; feiqroba:

qsova; meTuneoba: kecisa da qvevris gakeTeba; rewva: Txis bewvisa

da cxvris tKavisagan Zafis damzadeba; zGvaSi marilis mopoveba.

adaT-we

wese

sebi

bi: qorwili, Sromis simGerebi, dakrZalvasTan,

axal welTan, bavSvis dabadebasTan dakavSirebuli adaTebi;

amindis gamocnobis xalxuri wesebi.

Tavga

gada

dasav

savle

lebi

bi, mogo

gone

nebe

bebi

bi bavSvobidan, tradiciebze,

gamoCenil adamianebze.

isto

tori

riuli

cnobe

bebi

bi: ansambl `heamos~ CamoKalibeba, mcire

istoria lazeTze, lazebis sarwmunoebaze, sarfSi qristianuli

eklesiis mSeneblobaze.

rwmena

na-warmo

warmodge

dgene

nebi

bi: zGvasTan dakavSirebuli wesebi,

saaGdgomo kvercxis SeGebva, Selocvebi, batonebi.

garda gabmuli teqstebis Cawerisa, SeviswavleT Semdegi

semantikuri Jgufis leqsika: naTesauri urTierTobani; sxeulis

nawilebi; garegnoba; daavadebani; adamianis sxvadasxva Tvisebebi;

puris yamasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika; frazeologizmebi (ficis,

dalocvis, wKevlis, samoselTan dakavSirebuli idiomaturi

gamoTqmebi); xvna-Tesvis leqsika; wisqvili; baGCeuli; xexili;

vazi; saymelebi; rZis nawarmi; mesaqonleobasTan dakavSirebuli

leqsika; bunebis movlenebi.

Cvens mier mopovebuli masala saSualebas iZleva, Tvali

mivadevnoT lazuri dialeqtis gramatikul da leqsikur cvlilebebs.

vfiqrobT, is aseve saintereso iqneba eTnografiis, istoriisa

da folkloris mkvlevarTaTvisac.

T i n a T i n b i k a S v i l i

mesa

same diaTe

Tezis

struqtu

turis

inver

versi

siuli

zmnebi svanur enaSi

(balszemouri dialeqtis monacemTa mixedviT)

inversia svanur enaSi aqtiurad moqmedi procesia. amas

mowmobs zepir metKvelebaSi maTi gamoKenebis sixSire da micemiTSi

dasmuli aqtantis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unari.

qarTulSi gvaqvs erTi wKeba statikuri zmnebisa, romel-

Ta awmKos formebis a-/u- samimarTebo prefiqsebs wKvetilSi

12

cvlis e-. a-s SesatKvisi svanurSic a- prefiqsia, xolo u xmovans

o Seesabameba. _ o-. qarTulSi awmKos formebSi zogJer a-/uprefiqsebis

nacvlad piris niSnebia xolme warmodgenili. am SemTxvevaSic

svanuris identur formebSi gvxvdeba a- prefiqsi:

x-a-SŸal

al-a àbadia~ (àSavia~), x-’-g `hxuravs~ (< à-dg

dg-a-s~),

x-o-rS

rS-a `ufenia~ (< `u-rec

rec-i-a~).

`abia, ufenia~ tipis zmnebi svanurSi micemiTbrunviani saxelis

mravlobiTs asaxavs markeriT, rac imas niSnavs, rom metKvelis

cnobierebaSi micemiT brunvaSi mdgari saxelia subieqti,

magram ara aqtiuri, aramde ganmcdeli:

mx. r. mr. r.

O 1 m-’-b mi eJa `mabia me is~

O 1 inkl. g…-’-b

O 1 exkl. n-’b

nÁ eJa

O 2 J-’b si eJa O 2 J-’-b-x x sgÁ eJa

O 3 x-’-b eJas eJas

O 3 x-’-b-x x eJÁrs e

eJa

svanuri statikuri inversiuli zmnebi ganarCeven Semdeg

Kalibebs: x-a-/o/-R-Ø da x-a-/o/- R-a.

grZnoba-aGqmis gamomxatvel zmnebs svanurSic, qarTulis

msgavsad, usufiqso Zireuli struqtura moepoveba: x-a-sdik

`swKins~, x-a-sisg

`sZuls~, x-a-fˆn

`swsuria~, x-a-Tˆm

`syirs~, x-a-

myir

`ezareba~ (zogi am tipis zmna qarTulad dinamikuri vnebiTis

formiT iTargmneba) da a. S.:

mx. r. mr. r.

O 1 m--my

myir mi eJa `mezareba~ O 1 inkl. g…--my

myir

O 1 exkl. n--my

myir nÁ eJa

O 2 J--my

myir si O 2 J--my

myir

ir-x x sgÁ

O 3 x--myir eJas

O 3 x--my

myir

ir-x x eJÁrse

swored am zmnebis saxiT arsebobda potencia, rom susti

nebelobis mqone subieqti aGniSnuliKo manis rigis niSnebiT.

`aqvs, uKvars~ statikur zmnaTagan TandaTan CamoKalibda suli-

erTa moqmedebis ganmcdeli subieqtis mqone inversiuli konstruqciis

zmnebi, romlebic d. meliqiSvils gaerTianebuli

aqvs III diaTezaSi.

rac Seexeba qarTuli enis `akankalebs~ tipis zmnebs, isini

miGebulia piris klebiT orpiriani gardamavali zmnisagan.

akankalebs is (SiSi) mas > akankalebs mas (sicivisagan). II seria-

Si `moTxrobiTSi dasmuli saxeli moqmedebis agensia, makauzativebeli

piria _ aqtiuri subieqtia, xolo moqmedebas ganicdis

pirdapiri obieqti. amitom cnobierebaSi moTxrobiTSi dasmuli

piri ikargeba da rCeba micemiTSi dasmuli piri, romelsac

realurad mosdis raime moqmedeba... micemiTSi dasmuli piri

(aqtanti) pasiuri nebis mqone realuri subieqtia, romelsac

moqmedeba (vneba sulieri Tu fizikuri) Tavisdauneburad

mosdis. amitom aseTi zmnebi uneblie moqmedebas gamoxataven~

(d. meliqiSvili, qarTuli zmnis uGvlilebis sistema, gv. 239).

analogiuri viTarebaa svanurSi, sadac ikargeba moTxrobiTSi

dasmuli makauzativebeli piri da rCeba micemiTSi dasmuli

saxeli, romelic realurad ganicdis moqmedebas: x-a-

rkun-n-e eJase

eJa `akankalebs is (SiSi) mas~ da x-a-rkun

rkun-n-e

eJas

`akankalebs mas (sicivisagan)~.

Sinaarsoblivad `makankalebs~ tipis zmnebs ukavSirdeba

qarTuli e-R-eb

eb-a struqturis datiuri konstruqciis mqone

inversiuli zmnebi, romlebic sulier mdgomareobas gamoxataven

da unebliobis Sinaarss Seicaven. igive situaciaa svanur-

Sic, oGond aseTi tipis zmnebi ufro xSirad gvxvdeba da umetes

SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia x-a- R-un

un-e struqturiT:

m--Ár-un

un-e `mewerineba~, m-a-gn

gn-un

un-e `metireba

r. ykaduas azriT, `e. w. modaluri zmnebi awmKos mwkriv-

Si metwilad emTxveva kauzatiur formebs; kerZod, balszemour

dialeqtSi, kauzatiurTa msgavsad, garda erTeuli SemTxvevebisa,

gvaqvs -e sufiqsi:

bz. x-a-t‰b

t‰b-un

un-e 1. `aTlevinebs~; 2. `Tla swadia, unda~

x-a-ƒn

ƒn-un

un-e 1. `axvnevinebs~; 2. `xvna swadia, unda~

daaxloebiT msgavsi situacia SeiniSneba qarTul enaSic,

14

sadac inversiul kauzativebs natvriTobis, survilis gamoxatvis

unari aqvT (netavi mamGera), rac axsnilia inversiuli konstruqciis

farTo SesaZleblobebiT~ (a. diri, b. JorbenaZe).

rogorc `makankalebs~, ise e-R-eb

eb-i struqturis unebliobis

semantikis mqone pasivebSi, imave struqturis, oGond mi-

Cnevis semantikis mqone zmnebisagan gansxvavebiT, Cans, rom ra-

Gac grZnoba aiZulebs morfologiur obieqtur pirs, imoqmedos.

swored amitom unda gamoeKenebina aseTi semantikis zmnebs

aqtivis x-a-R-un

un-e struqtura, sadac moTxrobiTSi dasmuli

saxeli realurad moqmedi piria.

qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, svanur enaSi mesame diaTezas

ganekuTvnebian agreTve iseTi zmnebi, romelTac awmKoSi dGes

sufiqsi aGar moepovebaT, magram istoriulad rom hqondaT,

amaze miuTiTebs fuZiseuli an prefiqsiseuli xmovnis umlauti

(bz. x-a-l-t < x-a-lat

lat-e `uKvars~, x-a-n-wm < x-a-n-wam

wam+i/e

`swams~, x-a-gd > x-a-gad

gad+i/e `marTebs~, x-’-z < x-’z

’z+i/e `aZevs~,

lnt. x-a-jx < x-a-jax

jax+e `hqviaT~ da a. S.). rasak virvelia, amgvari

viTareba mxold svanuris specifikaa. marTalia, saanalizo

formebSi dakargulia awmKos mwkrivis mawarmoebeli sufiqsbei

-i an -e (Sdr. Zvel xalxur simGerebSi dadasturebuli

li-lat-e `siKvaruli~), magram maTi kvalia Skaraa diferencialuri

niSnis saxiT.

amrigad, Zireuli struqturis inversiuli zmnebi svanur-

Si kidev ufro mtkiced CamoKalibebul sistemas qmnian, ramac

daudo safuZveli sxvadasxvagvar inversiul zmnebs.

ramdenime niuansuri sxvaobis miuxedavad, svanur enaSi inversiuli

zmnebis viTareba konstruqciisa da gamoKenebis sixSiris

TvalsazrisiT, ZiriTadad, qarTuliseburia, oGond svanurs

daucavs gacilebiT arqauli sistema, rac am enisaTvis

Cveulebrivi movlenaa.

m a n a n a b u k i a

jorj diume

mezi

zilis lazu

zuri teqste

stebi

cnobilma frangma enaTmecnierma, kavkasiologma, religiis

istoriis, eposisa da SedarebiTi miTologiis cnobilma mkvlevarma

jorj diumezilma didi wvlili Seitana qarTvelologiuri

mecnierebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. ramdenime nawilad gamocemuli

lazuri teqstebi dGemde Seucvleli da umniSvnelovanesi

sakvlevi masalaa qarTvelologebisaTvis.

1937 wels parizis universitetis eTnologiuri institutis

naSromebisa da memuarebis XXVII tomad gamocemuli `lazuri

zGaprebi~ 1930-1931 wlebSi Cauweria stambulSi arqabul

kilokavze mosaubre niaz banisagan. krebuli Sedgeba zGaprebis,

eTnografiuli xasiaTis teqstebis, leqsisa da enis gasatexisagan.

teqstebs axlavs zedmiwevniTi da literaturuli

Targmani frangul enaze, aseve SeniSvnebi zmnur formebze. xSirad

imowmebs n. mars, romelsac Semdgom (1967 wlis publikaciis

SesavalSi) didi madlierebiT moixseniebs. sakmaod vrcel

SesavalSi mecnieri ganixilavs mis mier Cawerili teqstebis

enobriv bunebas.

1967 wels gamocemuli `anatoliuri dokumentebi~ Cawerilia

1960-1964 wlebSi stambulSi, Seicavs 56 arqabul

teqsts, romelic 4 ciklSia gaerTianebuli (zGaprebi, anegdotebi,

oryuli istoriebi, Tavgadasavlebi). masalas uZGvis Sesavali

da vrceli `gramatikuli eskizi~, romelic 45 paragrafisagan

Sedgeba. `eskizSi~ zedmiwevniT aris ganxiluli lazuris

fonetika, fonetikuri procesebi, morfologiis sakiTxebi. zogierTi

ram j. diumezilis daskvnebidan sakamaToa, magram na-

Sroms uzomod didi mecnieruli Girebuleba aqvs. leqsikonis

arqonis kompensacias axdens zedmiwevniTi franguli Targmani

da leqsikur-gramatikuli komentari. TiToeul teqsts axlavs

ankaris universitetis profesor a. n. boratavis remarkebi,

romelic ganixilavs maT Turqul folklorTan mimarTebaSi.

16

ramdenime teqstis bolos j. diumezili miuTiTebs, rom misi varianti

ukve gvxvdeba arn. Ciqobavas lazuri teqstebis korpusebSi.

teqstebi adasturebs, rom lazuri struqtura, miuxedavad

misi mravalsaukunovani myidro urTierTobisa Turqul

enasTan, naklebad daemorCila savaraudo enobriv interferencias,

Tumca ukve SeiniSneba cvlilebebi fonetikaSi _ megrullazurisTvis

arabunebrivi difTongebi, f Tanxmovnis arseboba,

K Tanxmovnis dakargva, aseve moZalebuli Turquli leqsika.

j. diumezilis daintereseba lazuriT am naSromebiT ar

Semoifargleba. aranakleb mniSvnelovania jurnal `bedi qarTlisas~

XXIX-XXX-Si (parizi, 1972) gamoqveKnebuli 7 mokle teqsti,

romelic warmodgenilia arTaSnuli, arqabuli da xofuri variantebiT.

TiToeul teqsts axlavs komentarebi _ zmnebi segmentirebulia

da ganxilulia gramatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT.

aseve sainteresoa `ferdinand de sosiuris rveulebis~

# 41 (jeneva, 1987) gamoqveKnebuli j. diumezilis `lazuri

(xofa) teqstis zmnuri formebis analizi~.

j. diumezilis mier Caweril lazur teqstebSi moviZieT

araerTi sitKva, romelic dGemde gamoqveKnebul arcerT lazur

leqsikonSi ar gvxvdeba.

am teqstebis Semdgomi mecnieruli kvleva araerT saintereso

faqts warmoaCens lazuri fonetikis, morfologiis, leqsikis

kvlevis saqmeSi.

S a l v a g a b e s k i r i a

`ve

vefxistKaos

fxistKaosnis

nis~ sami sitKvis komen

menta

tari

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia mosazrebebi bolo wlebSi

`vefxistKaosnis~ leqsikisadmi miZGvnil naSromebSi ganxiluli

ramdenime sitKvis agebulebaze, warmomavlobasa da gagebaze.

1. meota (1)

samasi kaci gveKofis, wavideT marT meotani _ 1387, 2

saleqsikono formad gatanilia meota

ta. aq oteba

zmnisgan

prefiqsuli warmoebis mimGeoba meoti

unda iKos, romelic

Zvel qarTul teqstebSic am saxiTaa dadasturebuli: `nu ganvaln

meoti qalaqisa amisgan~. poemaSi meoti

formis povniereba

riTmis sayiroebiT aixsneba: cotani, meotani, kotani, motani.

bili poeti ar aris. mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom rusTavelTan

gadmocemuli azri dionise areopagelTan ar iZebneba.

ori moqmedi piria, Semasmeneli ki mx. r.-Si dgas. ufro marTebuli

Cans is Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac aq ezra winaswarmetKvelis

astrologiur-meteorologiuri traqtati (`diagnosi~)

igulisxmeba. am wakiTxvas uyers mxars poemis bibliuri

saxelebi da rac ufro mniSvnelovania, taepSi gadmocemuli

Sinaarsi.

2. rub-i (1)

melnisa tbaTaT iGvrebis savse saTisa rubebi _ 1146, 3

rubi

aGmosavluri warmomavlobis sitKvadaa miCneuli:

arab. rubb `wveni~, spar. rud `ru, nakadi~, rudebi > ruebi >

rubebi. `vefxistKaosanSi~ ru-s mr. forma unda iKos. qarTuli

sitKva poemaSi ixmareba rogorc mx. (`...ru gaxma cremlTa denisa~,

`...ar daswKveddis cremlTa rusa~), aseve mr. r.-is formiT

(sisxlisa ruebi). am varauds mxars umagrebs xelnaweris Cvenebac

(saTis ruebi). rubi

forma am SemTxvevaSic riTmis keaTilxmovnebis

gamoa naxmari: cremlisa gubebi, giSrisa Subebi, saTisa

rubebi, margaliti tKubebi. e. i. saTis (marJnis) ruebi metaforulad

sisxlis cremlebis aGmniSvnelia.

18

3. dianos-i, divnos

a) am saqmesa memowmebis dianosi brZeni, ezros

sabraloa, odes vardi daeTrTvilos, da-ca-ezros _

177, 1

b) am saqmesa dafarulsa brZeni divnos gaacxadebs _

1491, 1

orive adgilas I s. moGvawe dionise areopagels, pirvel

magaliTSi ki masTan erTad XII s. arab poet ezras varaudoben.

pirvel taepSi sxvadasxva epoqisa da aGmsareblobis moGvaweebis

erTad moxsenieba naklebad mosalodnelia. ezra iseTi cno-

e l i s a b e d g a z d e l i a n i,

m e d e a s a G l i a n i

svanu

nuri enis laSxur da balsqve

sqvemo

mour

dialeqt

leqtTa

inter

terfe

feren

renci

ciis is erTi kerZo

SemTxve

mTxvevi

visa

saTvis

kodo

doris

(resp. dalis

lis) xeoba

baSi

`kodoris (resp. dalis) xeobis mosaxleobis metKvelebaSi

dasturdeba orgvari interferencia:

a) qarTuli enis (gansakuTrebiT dasavluri dialeqtebis)

leqsikisa da gramatikuli formebisa;

b) svanuri enis balszemour da balsqvemour dialeqtTa

monacemebisa~ (i. CantlaZe).

Cveni azriT, albaT, interess moklebuli ar iqneba, Tu zemosvanuri

dialeqtis monacemebs daemateba laSxuri kilos masalac.

1. Tavis droze eceridan kodoris xeobaSi Casaxlebul gu-

JeJianTa laSxeli rZlis irma koybianis metKvlebaSi misTvis Cveulebrivi

leqsikuri erTeulebis paralelurad Zalian xSirad

ismis balsqvemouri leqsemebic, romlebic sruliad bunebrivad

gamoiKurebian: naG…jur

(Sdr. lSx. yKint) `biyi~, dia (Sdr.

lSx. dede

de) `deda~, moid

(Sdr. lSx. kotŒl, koyŒl

Œl) `cota~.

lehna

(Sdr. lSx. lŠna, nŠna) `SarSan~, her (Sdr. laSx. Áer

er)

`xma~, amug (Sdr. lSx. ama…) `aqamde~, aSxud

(Sdr. lSx. eSxud

xud)

`erTad~, asˆlgˆni (Sdr. lSx. lˆJm‰res asKi) `sulguns ake-

Tebs~, Áe (Sdr. lSx. ‰du) `diax~, megye (Sdr. lSx. ZGˆd

ˆd) `magari~,

ragd (Sdr. lSx. gargla

gla) `laparaki, saubari~, Áori

(Sdgr.

lSx. Áeru

eru) `ori~ da a. S.

2. laSxeli irma koybianis metKvelebaSi umlautiani xmovnis

warmoTqmis erTaderTi SemTxveva davafiqsireT: …Á, dia! `vai, deda~!

3. grZelxmovniani dialeqtis warmomadgeneli sakmaod

xSirad balsqvemour leqsikur erTeulebSic agrZelebs xmovnebs,

rac, raGa Tqma unda, mSobliuri metKvelebis gavlenis

Sedegia. mag.: liqn‰l (Sdr. lSx. libr‰l) `banaoba~, q’edq‰ni

`ibanavebs~, naG…jŸral

`biyebi~, molŠg…eS `raGac~ da a. S.

4. kodoreli laSxelis metKvelebaSi SeiniSneba saxelTa

mravlobiTi ricxvis mawarmoebeli sufiqsebis aGreva. Cveni

mTqmeli mravlobiT ricxvSi xan laSxuri dialeqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebel

-Šl

sufiqss iKenebs, xanac balsqvemour -ol

ol’s. saintereso

swored is aris, rom am ukanasknels irma koybiani Zalze

xSirad grZlad warmoTqvams, rac, rasakvivrelia, ganpirobebulia

laSxuris gavleniT. es viTareba, Cveni azriT, interferenciis

movlenad unda CaiTvalos. mag.: ardadageb-Œl

Œl-ji `ardadegebze~

(Sdr. lSx. ardadeg-œl-jiºardadageb-œl-ji); axalgazrd-Œl

`axalgazrdebi~ (Sdr. lSx. axalgazrd-Šl

Šl), moZraob-

Œl `moZraobebi~ (Sdr. lSx. moZraob-Šl

Šl); anCabaZ-Œl

`anCabaZeebi~

(Sdr. lSx. anCabaZ-Šl

Šl)...

5. kodoris xeobaSi mcxovrebi laSxeli respondentis metKvelebaSi,

iSviaTad, magram mainc SeiniSneba balsqvemouri

TurmeobiTis formebis gamoKeneba. mag.: laSxuri C…albˆr-

gŠlix `uyidaviaT~, alm‰zin `midioda Turme, `minavala~, al-

zigŠli `dasaxlebula~ formebis nacvlad igi xmarobs C’ol

ol-

bˆrgŠlix, olm‰zin, olzigŠli

formebs. msgavsi situacia kodoreli

balszemoelebis metKvelebaSi daafiqsira q. margianmasubarma

(ix. misi `TurmeobiTTa warmoeba engurisa da kodoris

xeobaTa mosaxleobis metKvelebaSi~, kavkasiologTa II saerTaSoriso

simpoziumis masalebi, 2008, gv. 272-275).

6. rogorc cnobilia, rodesac svanurSi msazGvreli win

20

uswrebs sazGvruls, msazGvrelis brunvis morfemuli elementi

-S ikveceba Kvela dialeqtSi, garda balsqvemourisa. irma

koybianis metKvelebaSi Tavs iCens rogorc balsqvemouriseburi,

aseve laSxuri dialeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli viTareba.

mag.: quCu

CukiS gezal

`quCukis Svili~, daliS t…ibra

`dalis

tba~, mindo

doriS kar…al `mindvris karvebi~, mitk‰liS fer `mitklis

feri~, rusTa

Tave

veliS

mxare

`rusTavelis mxare~, magram:

megmi

J…ar

`xis Jvari~ rusTa…eli mxare

rexen

`rusTavelis mxridan~,

mili

lici‰ damsa

saxu

xure

reba

`miliciis damsaxureba~, insti

stitu

tu-

ti Koral

K

ralxen

`institutis karebidan~, komen

menda

dati s‰T `komendantis

saaTi~ da a. S.

g v a n c a g v a n c e l a Z e

episko

kopo

posi gabri

briel qiqo

qoZe enobri

rivi

poli

liti

tikis zogi

saki

kiTxis Sesa

saxeb

wminda mGvdelTmTavari gabrieli (qiqoZe) mravalmxrivi

moGvawe iKo. mis saqmianobaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is

periodi, roca wm. gabrieli imereTis eparqiis mwKemsmTavrobas

uTavsebda Jer afxazeTis eparqiis droebiT mmarTvelobas,

(1869 wlis ivnisidan 1896 wlis 30 maisamde), Semdgom ki am

eparqiis mmarTvelobas (1869 wlis 30 maisidan 1887 wlis 15

Tebervlamde).

afxazeT-samurzaKanoSi moGvaweobis dros wm. gabrieli

sagangebo KuradGebas uTmobda GvTismsaxurebisa da sasuliero

ganaTlebis enis sakiTxebs. am regionSi misi daniSvnis droisa-

Tvis gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi iKo afxazuri mosaxleoba,

romlis erTi nawili 1866 wlis antirusuli aJanKebis

marcxis Semdeg ruseTis xelisuflebam gaaZeva TurqeTSi, xolo

regionSi darCenilTa umravlesoba an mahmadianad acxadebda

Tavs, an tradiciul poliTeistur rwmenas misdevda, ris gamoc

Ceboda saSiSroeba, rom saTanado sababis gamoCenisTanave ma-

Tac aKridnen afxazeTidan da TurqeTSi garekavdnen, xolo dacarielebul

miwebze ucxotomel kolonistebs (rusebs, ukrainelebs,

somxebs, berZnebs...) Camoasaxlebdnen. episkoposi grZnobda,

rom aseT SemTxvevaSi afxazeTis qarTuli mosaxleoba garusebis

didi safrTxis winaSe aGmoCndeboda, xolo es ZirZveli

qarTuli regioni sabolood daekargebioda saqarTvelos. amitom

wm. gabrielma daiwKo aqtiuri misioneruli moGvaweoba

afxazur mosaxleobaSi. misi episkoposobis 19-wlian periodSi

man da misma Tanamoazre qarTvelma sasuliero pirebma 18 aTasi

afxazi moaqcies qristes rJulze, riTac isini gadaarCines

1877-1878 wlebis muhaJirobasa da gaTurqebas. amrigad, episkopos

gabriels sagangebo damsaxureba miuZGvis afxazi xalxis

fizikuri da sulieri gadarCenis saqmeSi (J. gamaxaria).

wm. gabrielma afxazeT-samurzaKanoSi moGvaweobis dros

SeimuSava swori taqtika, ramac xeli SeuwKo regionis qarTuli

da afxazuri mosaxleobis enobrivi da eTnikuri identobis

gadarCenas. man, erTi mxriv, moxerxebulad gamoiKena imperiis

miswrafeba strategiulad mniSvnelovan regionSi qrstianobis

aGsadgenad, meore mxriv ki, aqtiurad iGvwoda qarTuli da

afxazuri enebis gadasarCenad, Tumca afxazuri enis funqcionirebis

sferoebis gazrda metad Zneli iKo am enaze sadamwerlobo

kulturis ararsebobis gamo.

imperiis xelisufleba da sasuliero xelmZGvaneloba gegmavda

regionSi qristianuli GvTismsaxurebisa da sasuliero

ganaTlebis damkvidrebas rusul enaze, magram wm. gabrielma Ca-

Sala es gegma, risTvisac gamoiKena is faqtorebi, rom afxazeTsamurzaKanoSi

im dros praqtikulad ar iKvnen rusuli enis

mcodne sasuliero pirebi, xolo rusi samGvdeloeba ver egueboda

regionis klimats, Tan maT arc mrevlis ena da tradiciebi

icodnen kargad. amitom igi afxazur samrevloebSi Tamamad

niSnavda afxazuri enisa da tradiciebis kargad mcodne sasuliero

pirebs (ZiriTadad qarTvelebs), ramac male gamoiGo ke-

Tili naKofi. aqve aGsaniSnavia isic, rom GvTismsaxurebisa da

22

sasuliero ganaTlebis qarTul enaze SemoGebas aqtiurad

uyerda mxars afxazuri arsitokratia da mosaxleoba.

wm. gabrielis damsaxurebaa isic, rom misi uSualo xelmZGvanelobiT

afxazeT-samurzaKanoSi 1868-1886 wlebSi aSenda

an aGdga 51 qristianuli eklesia (J. gamaxaria), romelTa umravlesobaSi

wirva-locva qarTul enaze aGesruleboda, xolo

afxazur samrevloebSi qadageba afxazur enazec mimdinareobda.

umniSvnelo arc isaa, rom episkoposi xSirad Tavisi xarJiT aswavlida

afxaz moswavleebs.

episkoposi Tavis CanawerebSi KuradGebas apKrobs im sxvaobas,

rac SeiniSneboda marTlmadidebluri qristianobis mimarT

carizmis damokidebulebaSi, erTi mxriv, afxazeT-samurzaKanoSi

da, meore mxriv, mesxeT-JavaxeTSi. misi dakvirvebiT, afxazeT-samurzaKanoSi

marTlmadideblobis aGdgena-ganmtkicebiT imperiis

xelisufleba ufro metad iKo dainteresebuli, xolo mexeT-JavaxeTSi

administraciaSi iniSnebodnen aramarTlmadidebeli pirebi

(mag., kaTolike polonolebi), romlebic ar iKvnen dainteresebulni

regionSi qarTvel marTlmadidebelTa raodenobis

zrdiT da mahmadian qarTvelTa gaqristianebiT, maT dasaKrdenad

mxolod grigoriani somxebi da kaTolikeebi miaCndaT da aranair

KuradGebas ar aqcevdnen im garemoebas, rom maT Tvalwin

xdeboda mahmadian qarTvelTa gaTurqeba (maT Soris islamis ga-

Zliereba da Turquli enis masobrivi gavrceleba meCeTebisa da

medreseebis gamoKenebiT). wm. gabriels miaCnda, rom mesxeT-JavaxeTSi

xelmZGvanel Tanamdebobaze marTlmadideblebi unda daniSnuliKvnen

da maT unda exelmZGvanelaT regionis qarTul mosaxleobaSi

marTlmadidebluri qristianobis aGdgenisaTvis eklesiisa

da samrevlo skolebis gamoKenebiT, magram carizms sxva

gegmebi hqonda da qarTveli mwKemsmTavris xma darCa xmad mGaGadebilsa

udabnosa Sina.

T e i m u r a z g v a n c e l a Z e

wina

nare afxazur

zur-adiG

adiGuri enis diver

vergen

genci

ciis

is

droisa da adgi

gilis

saki

kiTxi

Txisa

saTvis

1. winare iberiul-kavkasiuri enisagan winare afxazuradiGuri

enis warmoqmnis drod Zveli welTaGricxvis II-I aTaswleulebis

miJnis axlo xanebi unda miviCnioT (arn. Ciqobava),

xolo winare afxazur-adiGuri enis daSla afxazur-abazur,

adiGur (Cerqezul) da ubixur enebad savaraudo Cans welTaGricxvaTa

miJnisaTvis, rasac unda adasturebdes dasaxelebuli

sami enis metad didi siaxlove uklebliv Kvela enobriv doneze

(igulisxmeba fonologiuri sistemis, fonetikur procesTa, morfologiis,

sintaqsisa da leqsikis erTgvarovnebis maGali xarisxi).

am daskvnas unda amKarebdes is faqtic, rom axali wel-

TaGricxvis dasawKisamde arcerT werilobiT wKaroSi ar ixseniebian

arc afxaz-abazebi, arc adiGebi da arc ubixebi (am konteqstSi

calke msJelobis sagania ax. w. I-II saukuneebis laTinur-berZnul

wKaroebSi naxsenebi afsilebisa da abasg-abask-abasxebis

eTnikuri vinaobis sakiTxi, rac sagangebo detalur

kvlevas moiTxovs, Tumca imis Tqma axlave SeiZleba, rom am ukanasknelTa

gansaxlebis teritoriaze gvian Sua saukuneebamde,

kerZod, XVI saukunemde ar dasturdeba arcerTi iseTi geografiuli

Tu satomo saxeli, romelic uKoKmanod aixsneboda

afxazur-abazur enobriv niadagze).

2. Jer winare afxazur-adiGuri ena da masze molaparake

eTnosi, Semdgom ki afxazur-abazuri, adiGuri da ubixuri enebi

da Sesabamisi sami eTnosi, Cveni azriT, ganlagebuli unda

KofiliKo ara samxreT kavkasiaSi, rogorc es aqamde miiCneva

dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebuli zogi geografiuli saxelis

naklebdasabuTebuli mimoxilvebis safuZvelze, aramed CrdilodasavleT

kavkasiis teritoriaze, mdinare Kubanisa da misi Senakadebis

napirebze. amis Sesaxeb pirdapir cnobebs gvawvdis

leonti mroveli, romelic afxazur-adiGur eTnosTa eTnarq-

24

eponim kavkasosis samkvidrod asaxelebs mdinare Tergis marcxena

napiridan mdinare Kubanis SesarTavamde gadayimul miwawKals,

romelsac aGmosavleTiT emiJneboda naxur-daGestnur

eTnosTa winapar lekosis, samxreTidan ki qarTvelTa erT-erT

eTnarq-eponim egrosis wilxvedri miwa-wKali.

g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i

SeniS

niSvne

vnebi qarTu

Tuli enis dialeqt

leqtTa

daJgu

gufe

febis axal vari

riant

antze

2008 wlis noemberSi ayaraSi Catarebul saerTaSoriso

konferenciis masalebSi gamoqveKnda t. futka

kara

raZis

naSromi

`qarTuli samwignobro kultura (swavlebis principebisaTvis)~.

naSromSi warmodgenilia qarTvelur dialeqtTa daJgufebis

sqema, romelsac aseTi komentari axlavs: `qar

qarTve

Tvelu

luri enob-

rivi samK

mKaros swavle

lebi

bisas es sqema unda iqnas gamoKene

nebu

buli

li~

(saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia `tbeloba~, 2008 wlis

noemberi, masalebi. gamomcemeli: saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm.

tbel abuseriZis universiteti da sxalTis eparqia).

cxadia, mkiTxvels daainteresebs, ra sqema aris iseTi,

rom mis swavlebas ase kategoriulad moiTxovs avtori da,

igulisxmeba, adre arsebul Kvela sxva sqemas (avtorebi: a. SaniZe,

arn. Ciqoabva, v. Tofuria, S. ZiZiguri, b. JorbenaZe...)

krZalavs! aseT kategoriul moTxovnas _ aswavleT mxolod Cemi

naazrevio _ piradad me qarTul filologiaSi ar vicnob...

ai, es sqemac _ qarTveluri kiloebis daJgufebis

t. futkaraZiseuli varianti:

`I. centra

tralu

luri kilo

loebi

bi: kaxuri, qarTluri, imeruli,

leCxumuri, guruli. II. ganapi

pira kilo

loebi

bi: mesxuri kiloebi:

ayaruli, livanuri, mayaxluri, imerxeuli, taouri, samcxuri,

Javaxuri; heruli kiloebi: kakuri, aliabaduri; fxouri kilo

lo-

ebi

bi: CaGma-TuSuri, fSauri, xevsuruli, moxeuri, mTiulur-gudamaKruli;

aqve, asocirebul dialeqtad SeiZleba ganvixiloT

wova-TuSuric, romelic Seicavs rogorc vainaxebis, aseve, qar-

Tulis msgavs fenebs. rayuli kiloebi: barisrayuli, mTarayuli;

svanu

nuri kilo

loebi

bi: laSxuri, lentexuri, Coluruli, balsqvemouri,

balszemouri; pirobiTad calke SeiZleba gamoiKos

dalis xeobis svanuri metKveleba. zanu

nuri kilo

loebi

bi: megruli

(aGmosavluri anu senakur-martviluri kilokavi da dasavluri

anu zugdidur-samurzaKanuli kilokavi); lazu

zuri

(xofuri, viwur-arqabuli,

aTinuri kilokavebi). III. saqar

qarTve

Tvelos isto

tori

riu-

li teri

rito

tori

riis is gareT arse

sebu

buli qarTvel

TvelTa Ta kilo

loebi

bi: fereidnuli,

`Cveneburebis qarTuli~ da Kizlar-mozdokur-plastunkuri

qarTuli~ (dasaxelebuli krebuli, gv. 372) (xazgasma

avtorisaa).

es aris is sqema, romlis aGiarebas brZanebis toniT moi-

Txovs Cvengan t. futkaraZe. es sqema axali ar aris. avtorma

igi Tavis araerT naSromSi warmoadgina; es sqema Seitanes qu-

Taisis universitetis mier gamocemul saxelmZGvaneloebSi (m.

qacarava, i. fxakaZe, qarTu

Tuli enis praqti

tiku

kuli kursi

si, quTaisi,

2002. am wignis programa-prospeqti Sedgenilia t. futkara-

Zis mier; avtorTa koleqtivi, qarTu

Tuli enis isto

toria

ria, quTaisi,

2006). miuxedavad avtoris mier sakuTari naazrevis aseTi araerTgzis

dajinebuli afiSirebisa, rogorc Cans, mainc ver daamkvidra

da amitomac aris aseTi kategoriuli moTxovna: aucileblad

Cemi sqemiT aswavleT dialeqtologiao...

Sevecdebi, gagiziaroT zogi mosazreba am sqemis Sesaxeb.

* * *

t. futkaraZe wers, `warmodgenili kalsifikacia ufro

argumentirebuliao~ (gv. 372); igulisxmeba arsebul TvalsazrisebTan

SedarebiTo (am TvalsazrisTa avtorebi zemoT davasaxeleT).

dainterTsebul mkiTxvels mokrZalebiT mivuTiTebT

erT naSroms, romelSic saubaria imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoria da

ras efuZneba a. SaniZis, arn. Ciqobavas, v. Tofurias Tu b. Jor-

26

benaZis klasifikaciebi (g. gogolaSivli, qarTuli enis dialeqturi

danawevrebisa da dialeqtTa gandasebis sakiTxisaTvis,

qess, IX, 2005). me ar vicnob arcerT naSroms, sadac t. futkaraZe

msJelobdes imis Taobaze, ratom aris araargumentirebuli

zemoCamoTvlil avtorTa Tvalsazrisebi da ra argumentebiT

amtkicebs Tavisi sqemis upiratesobas. mxolod gancxa

cxade

debis

gake

keTe

Teba

_ Cemi azri

`uf

ufro argu

gumen

menti

tire

rebu

buli

liao

ao~ da mxo-

lod is aswav

wavle

leTo

_ arc mecnierulia da arc seriozuli!..

* * *

t. futkaraZem mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi scada daemtkicinebina,

rom ingilouri (heruli _ t. f-is terminiT) or dialeqtad

unda daiSaloso _ kakurad da aliabadurad (asecaa

sqemaze). manamde kakuri da aliabaduri ingilouri kilos kilokavebad

miiCneoda.

ai, ra `argumentebiT~ cdilobs amis damtkicebas avtori:

misi kategoriuli msJelobiT, `aseT SemTxvevaSi erTdaerT kriteriumad

unda aviGoT fonematur-gramatikuli da leqsikuri

sxvaobani~ (`mesxur da herul dialeqtTa adgilisaTvis~; krebuli

JavaxeTi, 2002, gv. 287). da man sadiferenciacio niSnad

aiGo Svidi enobrivi faqti (xmovanTa regresuli asimilacia,

sitKvis bolos …i → procesi, saxelobiTis niSnis alomorfebi

da a. S.). anu man aiGo Kvela is niSani, riTac kakuri da

aliabaduri sxvaobs erTimeorisagan da daaskvna, rom es ori

enobrivi erTeuli kilokavi ki araa, dialeqtia! imave niSnebis

mixedviT mesxuri da Javaxuri ar xsvaobs da amitom erTi dialeqtia

mesxur-Javaxuri! mas rom aeGo sadiferenciaciod iseTi

enobrivi faqtebi, romlebic sxvaobs mesxursa da JavaxurSi, daskvna

sapirispiro iqneboda (mesxuri da Javaxuri sxvadasxva dialeqti

gamovidoda, kakuri da aliabaduri _ erTi)! ramdenad

gamarTlebulia meTodologiurad aseTi kvleva? nebismier or

kilokavs Soris KovelTvis daiZebneba 7 (da metic) gansxvaveba

(an es ricxvi saidan moitana)... da nebismieri ori kilokavi SeiZleba

gamovacxadoT dialeqtad da piriqiT. iqneb isic daeT-

vala (!), ramdeni sxvaobaa svanursa da qarTuls Soris da mere

gaekeTebina daskvna, svanuri enaa Tu dialeqti. tradi

dici

ciul

klasi

sifi

fika

kaci

ciaSi koreq

reqti

tivis Seta

tana amgva

gvari

`ope

opera

raci

ciebiT

biT~ ar

SeiZ

iZle

leba CaiT

iTva

valos mecni

cnieru

rulad

(da seri

riozu

zulad

lad).

* * *

qarTul enaTmecnierebaSi araerTgzis aGuniSnavT, rom

socialuri funqcia megrulis, svanuris, imerulis, xevsurulisa

da a. S. erTgvaria _ isini `SinaurobaSi saxmari~ (iakobis

terminia) kiloebia. sociolingvisturi TvalsazrisiT qarTul

enobriv sivrceSi arsebobs erTi saliteraturo ena _ saerTo

Kvela qarTveluri eTno- grafiuli JgufisaTvis _ da araerTi

kilo. lingvisturi aspeqtiT sxvagvari viTarebaa. t. futkaraZe

saubrobs `qarTveluri enobrivi erTeulebis genialogiur sqemaze~

(gv. 372); cxadia, es gulisxmobs kvlvis lingvistur aspeqts.

am TvalsazrisiT svanuri, megrul-yanuri, xevsuruli da

bacburi (wova-TuSuri) rom ar aris erTi donis enobrivi er-

Teulebi (ufro swored erTi enis dialeqtebi), sadavo mxolod

t. futkaraZisTvis (da misi ramdenime mxardamyerisaTvis,

ZiriTadad araprofesionalebisaTvis _ aralingvistebisaTvis)

aris. am SemTxve

mTxveva

vaSi aGre

a

reulia kvlevi

vis lingvis

gvistu

turi da so-

ciolin

lingvis

gvistu

turi apseq

seqte

tebi

bi. sakiTxis ase araprofesionalurad

(araenaTmecnierulad) dasma uaris Tqmaa, faqtobriv, qarTuli

enaTmecnierebis did monapovarze (mxedvelobaSi maqvs i. KifSi-

Zis, a. SaniZis, arn. Ciqobava, v. Tofurias, g. rogavas, g. mayavarianisa

da uamravi sxva mkvlevaris fasdaudebeli memkvidreoba).

araprofesional (diletant) mkiTxvelzea gaTvlili

t. futkaraZis erTi amoCemebuli (ramdenime naSromSi rom imeorebs)

magaliTic. imisaTvis, rom megruli, imeruli da ayaruli

erTi donis enobriv erTeulebad warmoaCinos (erTi enis

dialeqtebad), aseT magaliTs moiKvans: saliteraturo qarTulis

zmnuri formis dauZa

Zaxa

dialeqturi variantebia `douZaxa

(imeruli), douZaxa/duuZaxa (ayaruli), douZax/duZax (megruli~

(gv. 374). am magaliTiT t. futkaraZe iseT STabeydilebas

28

qmnis, TiTqos megruli ise gansxvavdeba saliteraturo qarTulisagan,

rogorc imeruli an ayaruli. iseTi zmnaa SerCeuli

da iseTi formiT, rom amgvari iluzia SeiZleba Seiqmnas... amgvarad

SerCeuli magaliTiT SeiZleba nebismieri ori enobrivi

erTeulis igiveobaze visaubroT. es didi siKal

albea da sic-

rue; amas mecni

cniere

rebas

basTan saer

erTo

araferi ri aqvs. aqve t. futkaraZe

imasac ambobs, rom dauZa

Zaxa

xa/do

douZa

Zaxa

da kaci

ci/ko

koCi

erTi da

imave rigis enobrivi faqtebia. komentari zedmetia...

* * *

ras niSnavs lingvistis msJeloba imis Taobaze, rom bacburi

ena (wova-TuSuri) qarTuli enis dialeqtad unda ganvixiloTo:

`aqve asocirebul (!) dialeqtad SeiZleba ganvixiloT

wova-TuSuric~ (gv. 372). t. futkaraZis am `aGmoCenamde~ ase

vicodiT: bacburi aris naxuri Jgufis (CaCnurTan da inguSur-

Tan erTad) ena. seriozuli samecniero sazogadoeba (msoflio

masStabiT) dGesac ase Tvlis.

* * *

araviTari mecnieruli argumentacia ar aqvs `Cveneburebis

qarTulis~ damoukidebel qarTul dialeqtad gamocxadebas.

`Cveneburebis qarTuli~ (terminad gamoKenebulia S. futkaraZis

wignis saxelwodeba) dialeqtis saxelad ucnauria, qar-

Tvel muhaJirTa metKvelebaa. m. faGava sagangebod ikvlevda samxrul

dialeqtebs (sadoqtoro disertacia daicva am Temaze)

da muhaJirTa STamomavlebis metKvelebas narev metKvelebad

Tvlis da mas samxruli metKvelebis Sesaswavlad damatebiT masalad

miiCnevs. msJeloba damaJerebeli Cans. arcerT Tavis naSrom-

Si t. futkaraZe ar cdilobs daasabuTos, ratomaa dialeqti

`Cveneburebis qarTuli~?.. is mxolod gancxadebas akeTebs...

sadavoa livanuri, mayaxluri, imerxeuli, taouri dialeqtebis

sakiTxic (Sdr.: m. faGavas Tvalsazrisi). miuxedavad

imisa, rom am SemTxvevaSi t. futkaraZe sxvas emKareba (S. futkaraZes),

argumenti mainc sayiro iKo, ratom miiCnevs ase...

* * *

rayul metKvelebas erT dialeqtad ganixilavdnen (a. SaniZe,

arn. Ciqobava, b. JorbenaZe). t. futkaraZe rayul kilo

loeb

eb-

ze saubrobs _ barisrayuli, mTarayuli. argumentacia, rogorc

wesi, arc amas axlavs... aq terminologiis sakiTxic dgas:

arsebobs teritoriuli cnebebi _ mTaraya, zemo raya, qvemo

raya. ratom Semoaqvs t. futkaraZes termini barisrayuli? zemo

raya (Tundac qvemoraya) baria?.. originalurobisaken

swrafvam mecnieruli yeSmariteba ar unda Seiwiros...

* * *

erT-erT dialeqtologiur naSromSi a. SaniZe SeniSanvda:

`aq CamoTlvilia is kiloebi, romelTa Sesaxebac sando masalebi

maqvso...~ sxvagan werda: `damatebiT cnobaTa uqonlobis

gamo ar SemiZlia gadayriT vTqva, Tu romel Jgufs miekuTvneba

am SemTxvevaSi mTiulur-gudamaKruli da moxeuri...~ amas ambobda

mecnieri, visac, rogorc itKvian, sizmaric ki daeJereboda,

magram Kvelaze ukeT man icoda, rom mecnieruli daskvnis gasakeTeblad

argumentebia sayiro... amgvari gakveTilebi t. futkaraZisaTvis

ar arsebobs. mas SeuZlia gancxadeba gaakeTos da

kodo

doris xeobis metK

tKve

vele

leba

svanuris meeqvse dialeqtad gamoacxados!..

arc Colurulis damoukidebel dialeqtad miCnevaa

misTvis sadavo... argumentacia sayiro araao...

* * *

dialeqtTa daJgufebis sqemis wina publikaciebSi

t. futkaraZe Kiz

izlar

lar-mo

mozdo

zdokur

dialeqts warmoadgenda. am

bolo variantSi `daazusta~ _ Kiz

izlar

lar-mo

mozdo

zdokur

kur-plas

plastun

tunku

ku-

ri dialeqti SemogvTavaza. Jer kidev naxevari saukunis winaT

werda i. gigineiSvili: `Kizlar-mozdokuri qarTuli calke dialeqtur

erTeuls ar warmoadgens... axalgazrdebs ukve daviwKebuli

aqvTo...~ dGes es qarTuli metKveleba aGarc arsebobs...

TiTqmis msgavsi viTarebaa plastunkaSic. v. Tofurias

azriT, `aq axali dialeqturi erTeuli ar warmoqmnila~. amja-

30

mad qarTuli metKvelebis SenarCunebis problemacaa plastunkaSi...

da kidev erTi arsebiTi momenti: plastunkuri metKveleba

_ esaa imerelTa, rayvelTa da leCxumelTa narevi metKveleba,

sadac wamKvani roli leCxumurs ekuTvnis. ufro sworad,

esaa dasavleTqarTuli narevi metKveleba... Kizlar-mozdokis

qarTuli ki iKo ZiriTadad aGmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqt-

Ta narevi metKveleba (moxeuris, mTiulur-gudamaKrulis, kaxuris...).

Kovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT Kizlar-mozdokur-plastunkuris

dGevandel qarTul dialeqtad gamocxadeba Kovelgvar

molodins ayarbebs...

* * *

ucnaur originalobad unda CaiTvalos dialeqtTa amgvari

daJgufeba: a) centra

tralu

luri kilo

loebi

bi; b) ganapi

pira kilo

loebi

da g) saqar

qarTve

Tvelos isto

tori

riuli teri

rito

tori

riis is gareT arse

sebu

buli

qarTvel

TvelTa Ta kilo

loebi

bi.

arsad t. futkaraZe ar saubrobs imis Taobaze, Tu ra

aris dialeqtTa amgvari daJgufebis safuZveli. erTi SexedviT,

es principi martivia: ase vTqvaT, `rukis principi~ _ saqarTvelos

rukaze sazGvris gaswvriv (e. i. `ganapira teritoriaze~)

warmodgenili `dialeqtebi~ erT Jgufad moiazra avtorma, xolo

rukis centrSi (centralur teritoriaze!) ganlagebuli

dialeqtebi _ calke Jgufad. aravi

viTa

Tari lingvis

gvistu

turi safuZ

fuZ-

veli amgvar daJgu

Jgufe

febas ar gaaC

aCnia

nia. Sesabamisad, lingvisturi

TvalsazrisiT ucnauric ki aris svanuris, megrulis, bacburis,

xevsurulis, ingilourisa da ayarulis erT JgufSi gaerTianeba;

meore mxriv, gurulisa da ayarulis sxvadasxva JgufSi moxvedra!..

tradiciuli daJgufebis revizia am SemTxvevaSi warumatebel

cdad gvesaxeba! ai, ratom: tradiciulad ori ZiriTadi

Jgufi gamoiKofa: aGmosavluri dialeqtebi da dasavluri dialeqtebi;

aGmosavlurSi or qveJgufs gamoKofen _ mTis kiloebi

da baris kiloebi. xazgasmiT unda aGiniSnos, rom tradici-

uli daJgufeba ar aris mxolod geografiul principebze dafuZnebuli:

`aGmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebad

gandaseba, rasakvirvelia, geografiul princips eKrdnoba,

magram amas imavdroulad mxars uyers enobrivi niSan-Tvisebanic.

TiToeul am JgufSi Semavali dialeqtebi fonetikuri,

gramatikuli da leqsikuri TvalsazrisiT met-naklebad saerTo

tendenciiT xasiadTebian~ (b. JorbenaZe). igive iTqmis aGmosavleT

saqarTvelos mTisa da baris dialeqtTa qveJgufebis gamo-

Kofazec: `aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebi ori Ziri-

Tadi niSan-TvisebiT gamoiCrevian sxva dialeqtebisagan: Jer er-

Ti, maT met-naklebad daculi aqvT qarTuli enis is viTareba,

romelic SedarebiT adreul formaciebs ganekuTvneba... daculia

arqauli leqsika... Tavs iCens mTis iberiul-kavkasiuri

(kerZod, naxuri) enebis zemoqmedebis kvali~ (b. JorbenaZe).

dainteresebul pirs am Temaze SeuZlia gaecnos araerT

samecniero naSroms (i. KifSiZisa, S. ZiZiguris, b. foCxuasi da

sxva). konkretuli magaliTebis moKvana amJerad ar migvaCnia sayirod.

faqtia: tradi

dici

ciul daJgu

Jgufe

febas qarTu

Tuli dialeq

leqte

te-

bisas aqvs ara mxolod eTnog

nogra

rafi

fiul

ul-te

teri

rito

tori

riuli

li, aramed

mKari lingvis

gvistu

turi safuZ

fuZve

veli

li. t. futkaraZis SemoTavazebuli

daJgufeba mokle

klebu

bulia KovelK

velgvar mecni

cnierul safuZ

fuZvels

vels.

esaa nimu

muSi imisa

sa, Tu rogo

gori ar unda iKos erTe

Teul

ulTa kla-

sifi

fika

kacia

cia...

* * *

dabolos: t. futkaraZis gancxadeba, rom `warmodgenili

klasifikacia ufro argumentirebuliao~, Kovelgvar safuZvels

aris moklebuli.

qarTuli enobrivi samKaros swavlebisas am sqemis gamoKeneba

migvaCnia mizanSeuwonlad Tavisi aramecnieruli da zedmetad

ambiciuri xasiaTis gamo.

32

T a m a r v a S a k i Z e

rela

lati

tiur

urzmni

zmniani

SesitK

sitKve

vebis

sintaq

taqsu

suri

meqa

qaniz

nizmi

misa

saTvis Tana

named

medro

rove qarTul

TulSi

(orsaxeliani zmnebis mixedviT)

Tanamedrove qarTulSi gamoiKofa relatiurzmniani (orsaxeliani)

SesitKvebis sami ZiriTadi tipi: a) gardamavalzmniani

(xa

xatavs bavSvi dedas

das...), b) medioaqtivzmniani (pat

patro

ronobs

mama Svils...) da g) gardauvalzmniani (efe

efere

reba deda da Svils...).

Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulia SesitKvebis Semadgenel komponentTa

sintaqsuri statusic. erT SemTxvevaSi (xa

xatavs bavSvi dedas

das)

SesitKveba agebulia koordinaciis safuZvelze: zmna marTavs

morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqts brunvaSi

(dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT), amave dros Tavad (zmna) imar-

Tvis saxelebisagan piris mixedviT da eTanxmeba maT ricxvSi

(saxelTa piri Tu ricxvi xan realurad aisaxeba zmnaSi, xan potenciurad).

zmnaca da saxelebic (MS da MO) mmarTvel-mar-

Tulni arian. maSasadame, zmna ZiriTadi koordinatia, xolo saxelebi

_ didi koordinatebi (es ukanasknelni _ MS da MO _

Tanabari sintaqsuri ZaliT marTaven zmnas); meore SemTxvevaSi

(pat

patro

ronobs mama Svils) zmna kvlav ZiriTadi koordinatia,

mmarTvel-marTulia, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom igi brunvaSi

marTavs mxolod morfologiur subieqts, morfologiuri obieqti

ki umarTavia. saxelebi am SemTxvevaSic Tanabari sintaqsuri

ZaliT marTaven zmnas pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT (realurad

an potenciurad). morfologiuri subieqti aqac didi koordinatia,

xolo morfologiuri obieqti, romelic marTavs

zmnas pirSi da iTanxmebs ricxvSi, magram ver imarTvis zmnis

mier brunvaSi _ mmarTvel-SemTanxmebeli saxeli. mesame SemTxvevaSi

(efe

efere

reba deda da Svils) zmna ver marTavs verc erT

saxels: morfologiuri subieqti dro-kiloTa samsave JgufSi

saxelobiT brunvaSia, xolo morfologiuri obieqti _ micemiTSi,

zmna ki imarTvis maTgan (saxelebisgan) piris mixedviT

da eTanxmeba maT ricxvSic (aseve realurad an potenciurad).

maSasadame, zmnis piri da ricxvi damokidebulia saxelebze;

zmna moklebulia marTvis funqcias, igi mxolod marTulia. am

SemTxvevaSi orsaxeliani SesitKebis sintaqsuri meqanizmi agebulia

ara koordinaciis, aramed Cveulebrivi marTva-SeTanxmebis

safuZvelze.

l e v a n k e l a u r a Z e

qarTve

Tvelur

lur, Sume

merul

rul, baskur da buru

ruSas

Saski

enaTa naTe

Tesa

saobis

Sesa

saxeb

Cven mier 1995 wels ivane JavaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis folkloristikis kaTedraze Sesrulebuli

sadiplomo naSromi `iafeturi enebi da iafetelebi~

(xelmZGvaneli: prof. z. kiknaZe) arsebiTad Sumerul, buruSaski,

baskur da qarTvelur enaTa leqsikuri masalis Sepirispirebisa

da am enaTa Soris regularul fonemur SesatKvisobaTa

sistemis dadgenis mcdelobas warmoadgenda.

ukanaskneli 10-15 wlis ganmavlobaSi aGniSnul enaTa Seswavlis

procesSi miGweuli warmatebebidan gamomdinare, istoriul-SedarebiT

enaTmecnierebas maT urTierTmimarTebebTan

dakavSirebiT ufro dasabuTebuli mosazrebebis gamosaTqmelad

dGes gacilebiT sruli da sando informacia gaaCnia.

regularul bgeraTSesatKvisobaTa dadgenasTan erTad,

ukve SesaZlebeli Cans, gamoiTqvas winaswari mosazrebebi im winare

enis gramatikuli struqturis Taobazec, romlis dialeqtTa

diaqroniuli transformaciebis Sedegadac unda

CamoKalibebuliKvnen qarTveluri, Sumeruli, buruSaski da

baskuri enebi.

rekonstruirebuli masala am winare enis dialeqtebze

molaparake tomTa kulturis Sesaxeb zogadi warmodgenis Seq-

34

mnis saSualebasac unda iZleodes. aseve SesaZlebeli unda iKos

msJeloba am fuZe-enis gavrcelebis Tavdapirveli arealisa da

misi dialeqtebis matarebel tomTa eTnogenezisis, maTi migraciebis

gzaTa da qronologiis Sesaxebac.

Sumerul-qarTvelur enobriv Sexvedrebs Sexebian k. kramarji,

m. wereTeli, z. kiknaZe, h. fenrixi, J. SaraSeniZe, r. gordeziani,

g. giorgaZe....

baskur-qarTvelur enobriv paralelTa gamovlena ucdiaT

n. mars, k. boudas, r. lafons, i. brauns, i. zicars, e. i. furnes...

e. i. furnem baskur, buruSaski, qarTvelur da winaber-

Znul enaTa leqsikuri erTeulebi Seapirispira. damatebiTi

buruSaski-qarTveluri paralelebi warmoadgina h. fenrixma.

ramdensame sagulisxmo baskur-buruSaski dakavSirebas

vxvdebiT J. bengstonisa da aseve im sxva mecnierTa naSromeb-

Sic, romelnic baskur da buruSaski enebs, sino-tibetur,

Crdilo kavkasiur, eniseur da na-dene enebTan erTad, sino-kavkasiur

(dene-kavkasiur) enaTa makrooJaxSi aerTianeben.

qarTvelur, Sumerul, baskur da buruSaski enaTa naTesaobaze

msJelobisas am mkvlevarTa mier warmodgenil dakavSirebaTa

garkveuli nawili udavod gasaTvaliswinebelia, dakavSirebaTa

aramcire raodenoba ki, semantikuri da formaluri xasiaTis

mizezTa gamo, Znelad misaGebi Cans.

moxsenebaSi kritikulad iqneba gaanalizebuli Sedarebuli

masalis safuZvelze maT mier gamotanili daskvnebic.

daismis qarTvelur da Cven mier maT monaTesaved miCneul,

Sumerul, buruSaski da baskur enebTan, erTi mxriv, winaberZnuli

da etruskuli, xolo, meore mxriv, Crdilo kavkasiuri

da aseve wina aziis Zveli xaTuri da xuro-urartuli enebis

naTesaur urTierTmimarTebaTa sakiTxi.

c i c i n o k v a n t a l i a n i

zogi zmnuri fuZe da zmniswi

winis sitKva

tKvawar

warmo

moebi

biTi

daniS

niSnu

nule

leba

(ni

niuan

ansob

sobri

rivi sxvaobiT gamovle

vleni

nili

li)

Tanamedrove qarTulSi zmniswini zmnas met-naklebad KovelTvis

ucvlis mniSvelobas. zogJer sxvaoba didia, ise rogorc

aride

deba

ba- gari

ride

deba

ba-mo

mori

ride

deba

an arCe

Ceva

va-ga

garCe

rCeva

-gamo

gamorCe

rCe-

va-Se

SerCe

rCeva

formebSi. am masdarebsa da Sesabamis zmnur formeb-

Si mniSvnelobebi aSkarad gansxvavebulia. gansxvaveba sagrZnobia

mimGeobebSic: aride

debu

buli

_ gari

ride

debu

buli

li-mo

mori

ride

debu

buli

li; arCe

Ceu-

li-ga

garCe

rCeuli

li-gamo

gamorC

rCeuli

li-Se

SerCe

rCeuli

li.

zogJer zmniswini zmnur da, Sesabamisad, saxelzmur formebs

mniSvnelobas ki ucvlis, magram gansxvaveba ufro niuansobrivia.

zmna an saxelzmna zmniswinis darTviT icvlis mniSvnelobas,

magram gansxvavebas mcire niuansi qmnis. magaliTad,

gari

ride

deba

ba- gamori

ride

deba

ba-mo

mori

ride

deba

ba, gaari

ridebs

debs-gamo

gamoari

ridebs

debs-mo

moa-

ridebs

debs,ari

aride

debu

buli

li-ga

gari

ride

debu

buli

an amorCe

rCeva

va- gamorCe

rCeva

va-gada

gada-

rCeva

va, amoar

arCevs

Cevs-gamo

gamoar

arCevs

Cevs-gada

gadaar

arCevs

Cevs, amorCe

rCeuli

li- gamorCe

rCeuli

li-gada

gadarCe

rCeuli

li.

zogJer TviT uzmniswino zmnur Tu saxelzmnur formeb-

Sic aris met-naklebi gansxvaveba, magram zmniswini mainc Tavis

mniSvnelobas aZlevs zmnas an aZlierebs, an akonkretebs uzmniswino

formis mniSvnelobas.

aseTi formebis gamovlena kidev ufro ganamtkicebs mosazrebas,

rom `Tanamedrove qarTulSi zmniswinis sitKvawarmoebiTi

funqcia farTod da mkafiod aris asaxuli~.

m a i a k o b i a S v i l i

qalTa xelsaq

saqmis aGmniSvne

vneli leqsi

sika

moxe

xeur

urSi

qarTuli enis moxeur dialeqtSi gavrcelebuli xelsaqmis

aGmniSvneli bevri termini warmodgenilia iv. JavaxiSvilis

xelmZGvanelobiT Sekrebil `Sinamrewvelobis masalebsa~ da ivane

qavTaraZis moxeuri dialeqtis leqsikonSi. amjamad

KuradGebas gavamaxvilebT ramdenime maTganze, romelTagan zogierTi

paralels poulobs aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebSi:

xevsurulSi, mTiulurSi, rayulSi... (mag.: Conga, gobani,

yaGaya, Se, naqci...).

saanalizo terminTagan zogi sakuTriv qarTulia( k…iStavi,

kraveli...), zogi (ruda, Conga...) nasesxebi Cans.

sagulisxmoa, rom zogierTi sitKva imave mniSvnelobiT an

mcireodeni Sinaarsobrivi gansxvavebiT mTis kavkasiur enebSic

aris dadasturebuli (mag.: gobani, vainax. guen ←*goben; Sdr.

osur goban `leibi, nalia~).

q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i

diaTe

Tezis morfo

rfosin

sintaq

taqsu

suri kate

tego

gori

riisa

saTvis

svanur enaSi

(wi

winas

naswa

wari moxse

xsene

neba

ba)

diaTezis cneba qarTul enaSi moicavs zmnis valentobisa

da pirianobis, konstruqciis, zmnasa da saxels Soris sintaqsuri

urTierTobis sakiTxebs.

uGlebis tipebis diaTezebad klasificireba da zmnis morfologiuri

struqturisa Tu sintaqsuri konstruqciis er-

Tianobis principad aGeba xsnis im Seusabamobebs, romlebic

36

gvaris mixedviT klasifikaciis dros iCens Tavs (d. meliqiSvili).

qarTul-megrul zmnasTan SedarebiT svanuri zmnis sir-

Tulis Sesaxeb araerTgzis aGniSnula saenaTmecniero literaturaSi.

aq JerJerobiT Seuswavlelia diaTezis gramatikuli

kategoria, magram seriebis mwkrivebad daKofisa da inversiis

tipebSi qarTulTan paralelebis, gvarisa da refleqsivis saki-

TxebSi svanuris specifikurobisa Tu TviT svanuri zmnis morfologiur-sintaqsuri

erTianobis gaTvaliswinebis safuZvelze

aqac SeiZleba gamoiKos sami diaTeza:

pirvel, anu ergatiuli konstruqciis mqone diaTezaSi

svanurSi gaerTiandeba gardamavali zmnebi, anu aqtivebi, da medioaqtivebi;

am ukanasknelTa raodenoba, sxva qarTvelur enaTa

msgavsad, svanurSic SedarebiT SezGudulia (v. Tofuria,

a. oniani).

a) asKŠne (eJa eCas) `akeTebs (is mas)~ _ ansKe (eJnem eJa)

`gaakeTa (man is)~

b) arku

kune

eJa `kankalebs is~ _ laruk…ne eJnem (`ikankala

man~)

g) aqve SeiZleba ganvixiloT aqtiuri fuZedrekadi zmnebic:

xtxe (eJa eCas eCas) `ubrunebs~ (is mas mas)~ _ laxtix

(eJnem eCas eJa) `daubruna man mas is~

meore diaTeza, romelic aerTianebs:

a) Kvela saxis dinamikur vnebiTebs da b) nawilobriv statikuri

vnebiTis formebs nominatiuri konstruqciisa. orive

qveJgufis zmnebTan subieqti brunvaucvlelia da samive seriaSi

dgas saxelobiT brunvaSi:

ixt…i eJa (`ixateba is~), xexta…i

eJa eCas (`exateba is

mas~) _ Txat…’n eJa eCas (`daexata is mas~).

g) fuZedrekadi zmnebi

degni

eJa (`qreba is~) _ adg eJa (`Caqra is~)

mesa

same diaTe

Tezas

_ datiuri konstruqciis diaTezas, qar-

Tulsa da svanur enebSi qmnian inversiuli zmnebi, romelTac

SeewKoba `sulieri mdgomareobis ganmcdeli, susti nebelobis

mqone subieqti~ (d. meliqiSvili).

38

malt mi eJa `miKvars (me is)~ _ lamlatˆn

latˆn (mi eJa) SemiKvarda

(me is)~.

saboloo daskvnebis gakeTeba SesaZlebeli gaxdeba diaTezebis

SigniT paradigmatuli modelebis aGwerisa da Seswavlis

Semdgom.

Ø Ä È Ä Å À Í Ì À Ò Â É À Í É - Ó Ö Á À Ò É

ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀ ÆÄÌÏ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

(ÄÍÂÖÒÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ áÄÏÁÀÈÀ

ÌÏÓÀáËÄÏÁÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ)

ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÓ áÛÉÒÀÃ ÃÀÄÒÈÅÉÓ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÉ-

ÔÚÅÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉ -ÌÄÈØÉ; -ÈØÏ; -Ï ÃÀ ÉÓÉÍÉ ÐÉÒÈÀ (I-II-III) ÌÉáÄÃ-

ÅÉÈÀÀ ÂÀÍÀßÉËÄÁÖËÉ. ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÓáÅÉÓÉ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉ ÌÄÔßÉËÀÃ III ÐÉÒÉÈ

ÂÀÌÏÉáÀÔÄÁÀ. ÂÀÌÏÓÀáÀÔÀÅÉ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÄÁÉÀ: -Éã/-éã (I ÃÀ II ÐÉÒÈÀ-

ÈÅÉÓ), ÄÓÄÒ, ÒÏØ{æ}, ËÏØ{æ} (III ÐÉÒÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ) ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉ.

1. ÃÉÀËÏÂÉÓ ÃÒÏÓ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ III ÐÉÒÉÓÀÂÀÍ I-II-III ÐÉÒÄÁÉÓÀ-

ÃÌÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÅÀ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÛÉ ÌÖÃÀÌ II ÐÉÒÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÉÈÀÀ ÂÀÃÌÏÝÄÌÖ-

ËÉ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÆÌÍÀÓÈÀÍ, ÉÓÄ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÈÀÍ, ÀÍÖ ÆÖÓÔÀÃ ÉÓÄ, ÒÏ-

ÂÏÒÝ ÌÈØÌÄËÉ (III ÐÉÒÉ) ÉÔÚÏÃÀ, ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÀÃ ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒ ÛÄ-

ÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ II ÐÉÒÉ ÂÀÌÏÃÉÓ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÊÉ ÀÍÀËÏÂÉÖÒ ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÀÛÉ ÍÀ-

ÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÉÝ ÃÀ ÆÌÍÀÝ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÅÉÓ ÏÁÉÄØÔÉÓ ÒÄÀËÖÒ ÐÉÒÓ ÛÄÄÓÀÁÀ-

ÌÄÁÀ ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÉÓ (ÃÀ ÀÒÀ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ!) ÐÏÆÉÝÉÉÃÀÍ _ I-Ó, II-Ó ÀÍ III-Ó.

ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÀÒÉÓ ÀÒÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉÓ ÖÛÖÀËÏ ÀÅÔÏ-

ÒÉÓ (ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ) ÃÀ ÌÉÓÉ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉÓ ÐÉÒÏÅÍÖËÉ ÐÏÆÉÝÉÄÁÉ (ÈÖ ÒÏ-

ÌÄËÉ ÐÉÒÉÀ ÄÒÈÉ ÈÖ ÌÄÏÒÄ), ÀÒÀÌÄÃ ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÈÀÍ ÌÀÈÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ:

À)ÈÖ ÀÅÔÏÒÉ (ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÉ) ÃÀ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÅÉÓ ÏÁÉÄØÔÉ

ÄÒÈÉ ÃÀ ÉÂÉÅÄÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ I ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÀ (ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÌÈáÒÏ-

ÁÄËÉ ÈÀÅÀÃ ÀÒÉÓ I ÐÉÒÉ):

ãÀÈÄÃ ÍðØæÄ: ÍðÒÏØ ÀÌáÄÍ ÜæÏÙ ÏÓÙÄËÉæÃ _ “ãÀÈÄÌ ÂÅÉ-

ÈáÒÀ: ÈØÅÄÍ ÀØÄÈ ÃÀÌÉÝÀÃÄÈÏ”; ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÉÔÚÅÉÈ: “...ÜÅÄÍÏ ÀØÄÈ ÃÅÖ-

ÝÀÃÄÈÌÝÀ (ÃÀ-ÌÝÀ-ÅÖÝÀÃÄÈ)”;

ÃÉÍÀ, ÁÀÆ’ÄÓÄÒ ËÄÌÆéÒðÒÖ ÏáÍðÚ! _ “ÂÏÂÏ, ÀÌÀÙÀÌ ÊÅÄÒÄÁÉ

ÂÀÌÏÀÝáÅÄÏ!” _ “...ÀÌÀÙÀÌÏ ÊÅÄÒÄÁÉÌÝÀ (“ÛÄÓÀËÏÝÄÁÉ”) ÂÀÌÏÅÀÝáÅÄ!”

Á)ÈÖ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉ ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÉÓÈÅÉÓ II ÐÉÒÉÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ II-

ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀ ÂÅÀØÅÓ:

ÚÀÈËÀÍÃ ÌóØæ, ÄÒÄ Ó’ëÓÄÒ ÃðÛÃæÉ áæóÎ ãÉÃÂêÒÀ _ “ÚÀÈ-

ËÀÍÌÀ ÌÉÈáÒÀ, ÒÏÌ ÛÄÍ(“Ï”) ÃÀÈÅÉÝ ÁÄÅÒÉ {ÌÏ}ÂÉÊËÀÅÓ”; ÉÓÂæÀÈ’ÀÌàÉÒÄ,

ÀÃÄÒÏÙ _ “ÛÄÍÈÀÍ ÃÀÌÀÁÀÒÀ, ßÀÅÉÃÄÓÏ (“ßÀÃÉÌÝÀ”)”.

Â)ÈÖ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÝ ÃÀ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉÝ III ÐÉÒÉÀ, ÀÅÔÏÒÉ III-ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖË

ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÓ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÀÅÓ:

ÁÀÈðËÁÉÃ áóØæÄ ÌÉÜÀ ÜìÑÀ: _ ÒÏÓÔÏÌ, ÀÙÏ ÀÈá’ÄÓÄÒ áÏßÉæá

ËÉÌÀÒÂæ! _ “ÁÀÈÀËÁÉÌ ÖÈáÒÀ ÈÀÅÉÓ ÓÉÞÄÓ: _ ÒÏÓÔÏÌ, ÀÁÀ Àá-

ËÀ ÂÅÌÀÒÈÄÁÓÏ ÓÉÌÀÒãÅÄ!” _ “...ÀáËÀÏ äÌÀÒÈÄÁÈ ÓÉÌÀÒãÅÄ!”

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÅáÄÃÀÅÈ, ÃÉÀËÏÂÄÁÛÉ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÉÓ-

ÈÅÉÓ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉÓ ÀÅÔÏÒÈÀÍ (ÃÀ ÀÒÀ ÌÈØÌÄËÈÀÍ) ÖÛÖÀËÏ

ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀÀ.

2. ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÛÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ ÂÀÈÅÀËÉÓßÉÍÄÁÖËÉ ÉÓ, ÈÖ

ÒÏÌÄËÉ ÐÉÒÉÀ ÌÈØÌÄËÉ, ÀËÁÀÈ ÀÌÉÔÏÌÀÝ I ÃÀ II ÐÉÒÛÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÉ-

ÔÚÅÉÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ÄÒÈÉ ÃÀ ÉÂÉÅÄÀ (Éã/éã) _ ÌÈØÌÄËÉ áÏÌ ÏÒÓÀÅÄ ÛÄ-

ÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÈÀÅÀÃÀÀ ÀÅÔÏÒÉ (ÌÉÌÀÒÈÀÅÓ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÓ ÈÖ ÓáÅÀÓ ÀÁÀÒÄÁÓ

ÒÀÌÄÓ! ).

3. ÈÖÌÝÀ III-ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ-

ÈÅÉÓ, ÆÏÂãÄÒ ÒÏØæ ÃÀ ÄÓÄÒ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉ I ÃÀ II ÐÉÒÉÓ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÈÀÍÀÝ

ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ, ÒÀÝ ãÄÒ ÊÉÃÄÅ 1962 ßÄËÓ ÛÄÍÉÛÍÀ É. ÜÀÍÔËÀÞÄÌ ÈÀÅÉÓ

ÓÀÃÉÐËÏÌÏ ÍÀÛÒÏÌÛÉ. ÉÓ ×ÀØÔÉ, ÒÏÌ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ

ÐÏÄÆÉÉÓ ÍÉÌÖÛÄÁÛÉ áÀËáÖÒ ÐÒÏÆÀÓÀ ÃÀ ÝÏÝáÀË ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÓÈÀÍ

ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ, ÉÌÀÆÄ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÓ, ÒÏÌ “ÀÌÂÅÀÒÉ ÒÀÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÛÄÃÀ-

ÒÄÁÉÈ Ö×ÒÏ ÂÅÉÀÍÃÄËÉÀ, ÌÄÏÒÄÖËÉÀ ÃÀ ØÀÒÈÖË ÄÍÀÓÈÀÍ ÊÏÍÔÀØ-

ÔÉÈ ÖÍÃÀ ÀÉáÓÍÀÓ” (É. ÜÀÍÔËÀÞÄ, “ØÀÒÈÅÄËÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÞÉÄÁÀÍÉ”,

1998, ÂÅ. 227).

ÀÌ ÌÏÓÀÆÒÄÁÉÓ ÌÀÒÈÄÁÖËÏÁÀÓ ÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÄÁÓ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ áÄÏÁÉÓ

ÌÝáÏÅÒÄÁ ÓÅÀÍÈÀ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ ÍÉÌÖÛÄÁÉÝ, ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ ÛÄÓßÀÅËÉÓ ÛÄ-

ÃÄÂÀÃ ÀÙÌÏÜÍÃÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓÄÁÖÒÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØ-

ÝÉÀ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÓÉáÛÉÒÉÈ ÜÒÃÉËÀÅÓ ÊÉÃÄÝ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÉ×É-

ÊÖÒ, ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖË ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÓ:

ÌÄäÀÃ áÀÔæìËÍÀ ÃÄÃÀÓ: ÓÉ ÒÏØ ÃÀÜæÉÒ ÌêÃÄ, ÌÖáæÁÄ ÒÏØ

ÌÉÒÉ É ÜÖ ËÀá ÒÏØ ÎðÒ ÀÌÃÀÂÒÉ, ÜÖ ÌÉáÀ, ÓÉ ÒÏØ ÜÖ ÌÉßæÒÉ _

”ÓÖË ÄÖÁÍÄÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ ÃÄÃÀÓ: ÛÄÍ ÃÀ ÊÉ ÀÒÀ, ÞÌÀ ÌÚÀÅáÀÒÏ ÃÀ ÈÖ

ÅÉÍÌÄ ÌÏÌÊËÀÅÓ, ÅÉÝÉ, ÛÄÍ ÌÉÓÉÓáËÄÁÏ”.

ÀØ Ö×ÒÏÓÉ ÈÀÏÁÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÌÀÃÂÄÍËÄÁÉÝ ÊÉ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ ÀÒØÀÖ-

ËÉ ËÄØÓÉÊÉÓ ÛÄÌÝÅÄËÉ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉÓ (ÆÙÀÐÒÄÁÉÓ, ËÄÂÄÍÃÄÁÉÓ...) ÌÏÚÏ-

ËÉÓÀÓ ÖÌÄÔÄÓÀÃ ÖÂÖËÄÁÄËÚÏ×ÄÍ III-ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖË ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÓ ÃÀ

ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ ÀÍÀËÏÂÉÖÒ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÀÓ ÀÒÜÄÅÄÍ:

ÌÖËÂÖäëÒÉÓ áÀÔîËÉ [ÌÀäÒëÍÄ ÌÖáæÁÄ]: _ ÊÏÔíË áóÍÓ

ÄÓÄÒ ÑÉ ËóÌÉÛáæÍ, ÀÌÙæÉàá ÄÓÄÒ æÄÛÂÉÍ _ “ÌÄßÉÓØÅÉËÄÓ ÄÖÁÍÄÁÀ

[ÖÌÝÒÏÓÉ ÞÌÀ]: _ ÝÏÔÀ áÀÍÓ ÃÀÌÌÀËÄÏ (ÛÄÌÉÍÀáÄÏ), ÌÏÌÃÄÅÄÍÏ ÖÊÀÍ”

(ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÉÚÏ: ...Ñìæ ËóÎÛáæÉÍ, ÀáÙæÉàá ÄÓÄÒ “ÛÄÉÍÀáÀÌÝÀ,

ÌÏÓÃÄÅÄÍÏ...”).

40

Ö×ÒÏ ÌÄÔÉÝ, ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÐÉÒÉÓÄÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀ

ÊÏÃÏÒÄË ÓÅÀÍÈÀ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ ÖÊÅÄ ÉÌÃÄÍÀÃ ÀÒÀÌÚÀÒÉÀ, ÒÏÌ áÛÉ-

ÒÀÃ ÌÈØÌÄËÄÁÉ ÄÒÈÓÀ ÃÀ ÉÌÀÅÄ ÊÏÍÔÄØÓÔÛÉ ÖÍÄÁÖÒÀÃ ÝÅËÉÀÍ ÌÀÓ

ÃÀ ÂÀÃÀÃÉÀÍ ÌÀÈÈÅÉÓ ÖÊÅÄ Ö×ÒÏ ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÀÃ ØÝÄÖË ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓÄ-

ÁÖÒ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀÆÄ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÌÈáÒÏÁÄËÉÓ ÊÉ ÀÒÀ, ÖÛÖÀËÏÃ ÌÈØÌÄ-

ËÉÓ ÀÍ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÀÃÒÄÓÀÔÉÓ (ÃÉÀËÏÂÛÉ) ÐÉÒÉÀ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ:

ËÄËðÔÃ áóØæ ÀË ÆÖÒêËÓ: _ ã’ëÓÄÒ ØóÎ áÄáæÃ É ÀËÉ ØÏÍÄ-

ÁÀ ÄÓÄÒ ÍðÎ ÏÂæÓÄÃÍÉ _ “ÓÀÚÅÀÒÄËÌÀ ÖÈáÒÀ ÀÌ ØÀËÓ: _ ÌÄ ßÀÂÉÚÅÀ-

ÍÏ ÝÏËÀÃ ÃÀ ÄÓ ØÏÍÄÁÀ ÜÅÄÍ ÃÀÂÅÒÜÄÁÀÏ”; ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÉÔÚÅÉÈ: “...ÈÅÉÈÏ-

ÍÏ ßÀÉÚÅÀÍÓ ÝÏËÀÃ ÃÀ ÄÓ ØÏÍÄÁÀ ÜÅÄÍ ÃÀÂÅÒÜÄÁÀ”.

ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉÈØÅÀÓ, ÒÏÌ ÓÀÖÊÖÍÄÍÀáÄÅÒÉÓ ßÉÍ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ áÄÏÁÀÛÉ

ÂÀÃÀÓÀáËÄÁÖË ÓÅÀÍÈÀ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒ ÃÀ

ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒ ÊÉËÏÈÀ ÛÄÒÄÅÉÓ ÈÖ ÃÏÌÉÍÀÍÔ ÄÍÀÆÄ ÌÄÔÚÅÄË ÌÏÓÀá-

ËÄÏÁÀÓÈÀÍ áÛÉÒÉ ÊÏÍÔÀØÔÉÓ ÂÀÌÏ ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÖËÏÁÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉÒ-

ÜÄÅÀ, ØÀÒÈÖËÌÀ ÂÀÅËÄÍÀ ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÆÄ Ö×ÒÏ ÀÃÅÉËÀÃ ÌÏÀáÃÉÍÀ, ÒÀÝ

ÌÏÝÄÌÖË ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÍÀÈËÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÅËÉÍÃÀ.

4. ÈÖ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉÓ ÊÉËÏ ÁÒÞÀÍÄÁÉÈÉ ÀÍ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉ-

ÈÉÀ, ÌÀÓÈÀÍ ÀÖÝÉËÄÁËÀÃ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ -Ö/-æ/-ÏÙæ/-Ïæ “-ÌÝÀ” ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ,

ÒÏÌËÉÓ ÀÃÂÉËÉÝ ÌÚÀÒÉ ÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ _ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÃÀÄÒÈÏÓ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ

ÍÄÁÉÓÌÉÄÒ ßÄÅÒÓ, áÛÉÒÀÃ _ ßÉÍÃÄÁÖËÓ, ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ ÉÛÅÉÀÈÀÃ ÆÌÍÉÓ

ÁÏËÏÓÀÝ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ, ÒÀÝ ÌÀÉÍÝÃÀÌÀÉÍÝ ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÀÃ ÅÄÒ ÑÙÄÒÓ; ÀÓÄÈ

ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ÄÓÄÒ, ÒÏØæ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÉ ÀÖÝÉËÄÁÄËÉ ÀÙÀÒ ÀÒÉÓ, ÉÓÄ-

ÃÀÝ ÉÂÖËÉÓáÌÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÀÓÈÀÍ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÓÀØÌÄ:

ÙëÒÁÄÈÃ áóØæ: ÓÀÌËÀàÀÒ ÛÖÊæÉÓÂ’ÄÓÄÒ ÌÖÒÓÂæÄÍÈëÖ ÀÜðÃ

_ “ÙÌÄÒÈÌÀ ÖÈáÒÀ: ÂÆÀãÅÀÒÄÃÉÍÆÄ ÌÀÒãÅÍÉÅ ßÀÃÉÏ _ “...ÂÆÀãÅÀÒÄ-

ÃÉÍÆÄ (“ÓÀÌÓÀÚÀÒ”) ÂÆÀÛÉÏ ÌÀÒãÅÍÉÅÌÝÀ ßÀÅÉÃÀ”.

ÃÉÍ’ÄÓÄÒ Ø’ÏÙ À×ÉÛÃæá | ÃÉÍÀ Ø’ÏÙ À×ÉÛÃæá _ “ÂÏÂÏ ÂÀÖÛ-

ÅÉÈÏ” (“ÂÏÂÏÏ ÀÍ ÂÏÂÏ ÂÀ-ÌÝÀ-ÖÛÅÄÓ”).

ÎÀÒðÙ ÄÓÄÒ Üîæ ÀÛÉÃá | ÎÀÒðÙ Üîæ ÀÛÉÃá! _ “ÉÀÒÀÙÉ ÃÀÚÀ-

ÒÄÈÏ!” (“ÉÀÒÀÙÉÏ ÀÍ ÉÀÒÀÙÉ ÃÀ-ÌÝÀ-ÚÀÒÄÓ”).

ÌÓÂÀÅÓ ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÀÛÉ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÉ ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ßÚÅÄÔÉËÛÉÀ

ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ “-ÌÝÀ” ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉÀÍÉ ÁÒÞÀÍÄÁÉÈÉ ÀÍ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄ-

ÁÉÈÉ ÊÉËÏÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀÓ ÛÄÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÄÁÀ; ÉÂÉÅÄ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÉ ÓáÅÀ ÌßÊÒÉÅÄÁ-

ÈÀÍÀÝ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÉØ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÍÀÈØÅÀÌÉ ÓáÅÀÈÀ ÓÉÔÚÅÉÓ ÍÀßÉ-

ËÀÊÉÓ ÂÀÒÄÛÄ ÅÄÒ ÂÀÌÏÉáÀÔÄÁÀ:

áÏÜÀÌÃÖ ÄÓÄÒ áðÒÉÃ! _ “ÊÀÒÂÀÃ ÉÚÀÅÉÈÏ” (“ÊÀÒÂÀÃ-ÌÝÀ-Ï

áÀÒÈ!”), ÛÃÒ.:

áÏÜÀÌÃÖ áðÒÉÃ! _ “ÊÀÒÂÀÃ ÉÚÀÅÉÈ!” (“ÊÀÒÂÀÃ-ÌÝÀ áÀÒÈ!”).

v a x t a n g m a G r a Z e

kvlav kalkebis Sesa

saxeb

Tanamedrove qarTulSi sakmaod momravlda kalkebi (sxva

enis sitKvis an SesitKvebis mniSvnelobis zustad gamoxatva meore

enis amave mniSvnelobis sitKviT an SesitKvebiT).

qarTuli zmna gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiTa da saocari

tevadobiT gamoirCeva. is, rac sxva enebSi ori sitKviT

gamoxatvas sayiroebs, qarTulSi organulad unda iqnes gadmocemuli.

1. imeds vito

toveb

rusulisaTvis dasaSvebi, bunebrivi

formaa (оооооооо ооооооо), qarTulisaTvis ki kalks warmoadgens

da miuGebelia. marTebulia vime

medov

dovneb

neb.

2. amaKi var _ esec kalkia (о оооо). dasaxelebuli sintagma

marTebulad gamoiKeneba konteqstSi, rodesac Tvisebazea

saubari. mag.: Jiuti var; mxiaru

ruli var; moqni

qnili var; qed-

maGali var; ykviani var... amaKi var; magram, rodesac is moqmedebas

aGniSnavs, erTi sitKviT, zmniT unda gadmoices; vamaKob

maKob,

meamaKeba

maKeba.

n a n a m a y a v a r i a n i

anTro

Tropo

pomor

morful arse

seba

baTa saxel

xelwo

wode

deba

bani

3. afxazu

zuri aJnˆS

a

nˆS´ ,,sa

sata

tana

na, eSma

maki

ki~

leqse

semis warmomav

mavlo

lobi

bisa

saTvis

afxazurSi aJnˆS´ ,,satanis, eSmakis~ erT-erTi saxelwodebaa.

moxsenebaSi gamoTqmulia varaudi imis Taobaze, rom aGniSnuli

leqsema unda momdinareobdes afxazurSive dadasturebuli

Jahanˆm ,,JoJoxeTi~ sitKvisagan, romelic Tavis mxriv, nasesxebi

unda iKos am enaSi. am konteqstSi KuradGebas iqcevs ag-

42

reTve Zveli qarTulis leqsikuri erTeuli, memaJani ,,Tavzardamcemi~,

romelic qarTulSi aGmosavluri enobrivi samKarodan

Cans moxvedrili.

n i k o l o z o T i n a S v i l i

adgil

gilnac

nacva

vali topo

poni

nime

mebi

frones xeoba

baSi

zemo qarTlis toponimebi mravalmxriv aris saintereso.

isini moxsenebuli aris mTel rig saistorio dokumentebSi,

aGniSnulia mecnierTa da mogzaurTa aGwerebSi, datanilia

rukebze.

frones xeobis toponimebma mraval qartexils gauZles,

bevri maTgani ganadgurda omebis, migraciis Sedegad, magram ma-

Ti aGdgena mainc xerxdeba Cawerili masalebiT da maTi SeJerebiT

istoriul dokumentaciasTan.

xSir SemTxvevaSi toponimi gadaadgilebulia, adgilSecvlilia,

amisi mizezi ki migraciul procesebTan erTad iZulebiTi

gadaadgilebacaa. xeobaSi soflebi ZiriTadad ganlagebuli

iKo SemaGlebul adgilebze, cxovreba adgilobrivT uwevdaT

barTan SedarebiT mkacr pirobebSi da miatoves ukeTesi

sacxovrebeli pirobebis Sesaqmnelad. gadasaxldnen ra xelsaKrel

sacxovrebel adgilze, Tan gadaitanes TavianTi Zveli

sacxovrebeli adgilis geografiuli saxelwodeba.

sofeli muGnisi aseTi saxelwodebiT gvxvdeba 1715 wlis

ruisis saepiskoposos davTarSi, vaxuStis teqstSi da rukaze

datanilia, rogorc muGrisi. es geografiuli punqti mdebareobda

dvanisa da fcis froneebis wKalgamKof qedze.

zemoxsenebuli davTaris mixedviT, iq cxovrobdnen bregva-

Ze, SukaviZe, mamacaSvili. pirveli ori gvari dGes xeobaSi

aGar saxlobs, xolo mamacaSvilebi Camosaxldnen mdinare fro-

nes marcxena napirze da gadaadgilebul toponimebs isev

muGrisi uwodes. ase rom Zveli sofeli gacilebiT Sors mdebareobda,

sadac axlac aris sakulto nageboba.

sofeli xundisubanic am qedis ganStoebazea gaSenebuli,

xolo mis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobda giunanTi (giunaSvilebi),

romlebic didi liaxvis xeobis sofel anZisidan meTvramete saukuneSi

Casaxldnen frones xeobaSi. iqidan oci wlis mere

aiKarnen da goris raionis sofel flavismanSi gadasaxldnen.

xaxutaSvilebis sofeli (xaxutaanTi) lebeuris mTidan

sacxovreblad wavidnen goris r-nis sofel meJvrisxevSi.

patara sofeli worbisi dvanis frones saTaveSi mdebareobs

da iq ukve gaosebuli doiJaSvilebis oTxi oJaxi cxovrobs.

maTi gadmocemiT gvaris winaprebi rayis sofel worbisidan

arian gadmosulebi da axalmosulebs Zveli soflis saxeli

uwodebiaT. maTi naTesavebi sacxovreblad gadasulan liaxvis

xeobis sofel ergneTSi da erT ubans TavianTi gvaris mixedviT

uwodes doiJaanTi (doiJaSvilebi).

sofeli aramgama fcis frones marJvena mxares iKo gaSenebuli

vrcel qedze, sadac aGweriT cxovrobdnen: samsonaSvili,

dvali, iobaSvili, ayaraZe. sofelma Semdgom adgili icvala

mdinaris marJvena mxares gaaSenes, sadac Zveli gvarebidan darCa

mxolod dvalebi, danarCeni fexSvelaSvili da kasraZeebi

didi liaxvis xeobidan Casaxldnen.

sofel axalSenic am xeobis marcxena mxares mdebareobda

da Semdeg marJvena mxares gadmosaxldnen. aTi gvaridan _ CubinaSvili,

ioramaSvili, JiboriSvili, zubiaSvili, kvesaZe, jojuaSvili,

qitiaSvili, biZinaSvili, papunaSvili, murvaniSvili,

sofelSi aGaravin saxlobs. darCa mxolod xuciSvilebi da mesxebi,

danarCenebi goris, qarelisa da xaSuris raionis soflebSia

gafantuli.

fcis frones marJvena mxares mdebareobda sofeli wire-

Ti, sadac davTris mixedviT cxovrobdnen ToTlaZe, maisuraZe,

lobioZe, cacanaSvilebi, besaSvili, lelaSvili, CiGuniZe. dGes

es sofeli aGar arsebobs, nasoflaris CrdiloeTiT erTi ki-

44

lometris moSorebiT aris sofeli nabakevi, sadac nasoflaridan

gadasaxldnen iantbeliZe, samxaraZe, nadiraSvili. maTi monaTxrobiT

ki CaviwereT toponimebi: maisuraanT axoebi, wKaro,

begiaanT (begiaSvili) tKe, cacanaanT nasaxlarebi, kaloebi.

xeobaSi iKo patara sofeli nadikvari, marcxena mxares,

sadac sadGobelaSvilebi cxovrobdnen. sofels es saxeli daerqva

iq gavrcelebuli xorblis JiSis dikas gamo, romelic am

gvaris xalxs mohKavda da gahqondaT bazarze. aqve iKo tba da

dGesac aris, oGond iq xalxi ar saxlobs. aq mohKavdaT mcenare

yili, romlisganac qsovdnen yilofs, aseve mohKavdaT xili

da swored amitom gvxvdeba toponimebi: yiliani, seliani. selis

moKvanas umTavresad mesxebi misdevdnen. es adgilebi ukve

oci welia daclilia eTnokonfliqtebis gamo da iqauroba gaveranebulia.

dvanis da fcis froneebis wKalgamKofad lebeuris mTis

CrdileoTiT aris nasoflari gomarTa, sadac Jer kidev dgas

wiTeli tufiT nagebi taZari. mis CrdiloeTis kedelze gamosaxulia

gvirgvinosani qalis freska, romelic Tamar mefisad

aris miCneuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es vrceli farTobi, romelic

Sua tKeSi mdebareobs, asi heqtari mainc iqneba, sadac

uamravi nasaxlari da nangrevia, romelic faqtiurad gamokvleuli

ar aris. aqedan gza imereTSi gadadis da albaT esec aris

mizezi, rom rayidan da imereTidan gadmosaxlebulebi cxovrobdnen.

davTaris mixedviT: koberiZe, SavaSaZe, tabataZe, sira-

Ze, omaZe, CinCalaZe.

nasoflari xrtana mdebareobs gomarTis samxreTiT, sadac

cxovrobdnen: laKvaZe, yiyinaZe, grZeliSvili, kapanaZe, ciskaZe.

sabyoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi istoriuli soflis TiGvis

siaxloves burnaZeebis ubans daarqves Crdilo kavkasiidan

saKaCaGod gadmosuli vinme znaur aidarovis saxeli, romelic

dGes raionul centrad iTvleba. aseve istoriuli sofeli giorgiwmindas,

sabyoTa xelisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli isak xarebovis

saxeli uwodes. gamqralia wKaroebSi dasaxelebuli sofeli tvisubani,

romelic zemoxsenebul raionul centrs SeuerTes.

CamoTvlili da ganxiluli dasaxlebuli punqtebis saxelwodebebi

mxolod nawilia im nasoflarebisa da gadaadgilebuli

toponimebisa, romlebic frones xeobaSi gvxvdeba. maTi

gamomzeureba, iq mcxovrebi gvarebis fiqsacia da samecniero

mimoqceva bevrs mohfens naTels istoriisa da dialeqtebis

kvlevisas.

m e r a b r o b a q i Z e

zogierT anTropologiur cnebaTa semantikuri

velis Sesaxeb qarTul enaSi

enis Koveli calkeuli elementi Tavs avlens rogorc

mTelis nawili. ena sistemaa, mas Sinagani kanonzomiereba aqvs;

erTi sitKvis wvdomac ki enaSi arsebuli urTierTkavSirebis

wvdomas gulisxmobs. humboldtis es fuZemdebluri Tvalsazrisi

gansazGvravs enis mecnieruli kvlevis principebs.

ama Tu im enis semantikuri velebi garkveuli niSniT am-

Tlianeben sitKvaTa gansazGvrul Jgufebs. principi maTi gamTlianebisa

Sinaarsobrivia.

Cveni kvleva-Ziebis dros vefuZnebiT enaTmecnierebaSi SemuSavebul

debulebebs erovnuli enobrivi gonis mier samKaros

originaluri xedvis SemuSavebul principebs, rac saSualebas

gvaZlevs warmovadginoT garkveuli niSniT aGbeydili sitKvaTveli.

sakacobrio kulturis istoriaSi Koveli eri Tavis

`sitKvas~ ambobs, Tavisi enobrivi goniT acnobierebs samKaros.

Kovel enas Tavisi originaluri msoflxedvis meoxebiT sakuTari

enobrivi velebi gaaCnia. arasodes daiKvaneba erTi enis veli

sxva enis semantikur velze. sitKvaTa Sinaarsebi KovelTvis

sxvaoben, amasTan, ar aris gamoricxuli struqturul-Sinaarsobrivi

siaxlove.

46

Cven sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom `iwroebis~

fsiqologiuri Sinaarsis dadgena im semantikuri velis

meoxebiTaa SesaZlebeli, romlis organuli wevric is

aris. es struqtura moicavs im sitKvebs, romlebic enaTesavebian

mas grZnobiT-emociuri niSnis mixedviT, romelTa saerTo

ganmsazGvrelia p i r o v n u l i m T l i a n o b i s r G v e v a.

es sitKvebia: `Seiwreba~, `mokleba~, `gankafa~, `ganleva~, `Semcireba~,

`daknineba~, `gankveTa~, `ganpeba~, `ganxerxva~ da sxva. sazogadod,

es sitKvebi SesaZlebelia moviazroT rogorc sinonimebi

da warmovadginoT rogorc `Seiwreba-moklebis~ semantikis

matarebeli sitKvebi. pirovnuli rGveva ganpirobebulia adamianis

mTliani bunebis `SeiwrebiT~, rac misi Sinabunebis umTavresi

maxasiaTeblis _ g o n e b i s f a r T o m i m o q c e v i s

d a q v e i T e b i T a a gamowveuli.

`Seiwrebas~ Cvens mier ganxiluli masalis mixedviT aqvs

Tavisi gradaciebi: sakuTriv `iwroeba~, `ganficxeba~, `damZimeba~,

`gancofeba~ da `kruleba~ (`skuna-amoskuna~, Caketva, daxurva).

sazogadod, pirovnuli mTlianobis dakargva niSnavs

simKaris, simtkicis dakargvas, Sinagan konfliqts, `iyvneulobas~,

rac gamoxatulia iseTi `iwroebiTi~ Sinaarsis cnebiT,

rogoricaa `orguleba~ (antonimuri Sinaarsis cneba _ `er-

Tguleba~ gamoxatavs pirovnul simtkicesa da mTlianobas).

`iwroeba~, rogorc adamianis Sinagani fsiqikuri mdgomareobis

gamomxatveli sitKva, emociur Sinaarss Seicavs. igi zogadi

cnebaa da grZnoba-emociaTa mravalferovan Sinaarsebs

gamosaxavs. es ki imas niSnavs, rom adamianis b u n e b i s i w -

r o e b a sxvadasxva konteqstSi sxvadasxva SinaarsiT itvirTeba

da gansxvavebul `gulisTqmebze~ migvaniSnebs.

`iwroeba~-s Zvel qarTul enaSi araerTi sitKva enaTesaveba.

maT Soris upirvelesad unda davasaxeloT `mokleba~. pirovnebis

`Seviwroeba~ imavdroulad `mokleba~, `naklulevanebaa~.

`iwroeba~ da `mokleba~ am SemTxvevaSi sinonimebad warmogvidgebian,

iseve rogorc `guliwreba~ da `sulmokleba~. am

kompozitTa sinonimuroba ki imiT aixsneba, rom sinonimebad

moiazrebian `guli~ da `suli~, rogorc m T l i a n p i r o v -

n u l i Sinaarsis gamomxatveli sitKvebi.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia SemovitnoT `iwroeba-moklebis~

cneba, rogorc araerTi emociuri Sinaarsis

mniSvnelobisa, romlebic mas miemarTebian rogorc saxeobrivi

cnebebi. sxvagvarad: `iwroeba-moklebis~ Sinaarsi gulisxmobs

uarKofiTi Sinaarsis sitKvaT vels.

adamiani verasdros aGwevs idealur srulKofas, amdenad

n a k l o v a n e b i s grZnoba misi imanenturi Tvisebaa da maradiul

swrafvaSi amaGlebulisaken avlens Tavis Tavs; magram,

amasTan, adamiani Tavis swrafvas `sicocxlisaken~ Tavisuflebis

konkretuli aqtebis ganxorcielebaSi gamoavlens, rac amaGlebulisaken

idealuri swrafvis erTi konkretuli aspeqtia. `naklovanebis~

grZnoba (is, rac adamianis `guls aklia~) adamianis

SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobis aucilebeli pirobaa.

uarKofiTi emociuri Sinaarsebis sitKvaTvelis gansazGvrisas,

Cveni azriT, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve velis

wevrTa antonimuri Sinaarsebis Cvenebas, sadac agreTe sistemurad

dalagdeba dadebiT emociaTa niSniT gaerTianebuli

sitKvebi. es niSani ukve f a r T o e b i s xasiaTs atarebs da

pirovnebis gamTlianebas emsaxureba. am ori Jgufis (`iwroebafarToebis~)

Sinaarsebi erT dialeqtikur mTlianobas qmnian,

erTmaneTs ganapirobeben: `iwroebis~ Jgufi `farToebis~ Jgufis

gareSe ar moiazreba da piruku. amdenad, eseni erT saerTo

`gulisTqmaTa~ velSi erTiandebian. uarKofiTi emociuri Jgufis

Sinaarsebs, rogorc sakontrolo saSualeba, adasturebs

`farToeba-ganvrcobis~ sitKvaTa Jgufi, romlebic dadebiT emociur

Sinaarsebs gadmoscemen.

48

n i n o s o z a S v i l i

amira

ranis etimo

molo

logi

giis is saki

kiTxi

Txisa

saTvis

gautexel da dasJil gmirTa pleadaSi promeTes upirvelesi

adgili ukavia. msoflioSi cnobil miJayvul gmirebs Soris

promeTesTan Tavisi siujetiTa da filosofiuri koncefciiT

kavkasionis qedze miJayvuli, uZvelesi warmarTuli qar-

Tuli eposis ,,amiranianis~ mTavari gmiri, kolxuri miTologiis

GerZi, GmerTTan mebrZoli amirani dgas, romlis saxelTan

dakavSirebuli gadmocemani xnovanebiT berZnul miTze adrindeli

aGmoCnda. es maradiuli saxeebi damoukidebeli istoriis

mqone mxatvruli oreulebi arian.

amira

rani

qarTuli xalxuri eposis gmiris saxelia, romelsac

mniSvnelobis damaJerebeli axsna ar moepoveba. misgan nawarmoebia

gvarebi: amira

ranaS

naSvi

vili

li, amira

rani

niZe

Ze.

amiranis miTTan dakavSirebuli araerTi hipoTezaa gamo-

Tqmuli; kerZod, epikuri Zeglis aGmocenebisa da ganviTarebis

permanentuloba, Zeglis qristianizaciis Taviseburebani, personajTa

naTesauri kavSiri da a.S. cxadia, sakiTxi Semdgom

kvlevas sayiroebs. aseTTa Soris gveguleba epikuri Zeglis

mTavari gmiris anTroponimis etimologiis sakiTxic.

,,amiran~ anTroponimis agebulebisa da semantikisadmi damokidebuleba

mecnierebaSi erTgvaroveni ar aris.

giorgi wereTlis mixedviT, ,,amirani momdinareobs qarTuli

sitKvidan ,,mere~ _ ,,mereni~, rac ,,mdinare _ mdinareebs~

niSnavs.

niko maris interpretaciiT, saxeli amirani afxazuri

warmoSobisa unda iKos da mis oreuls abrskili hqvia, rac

mzis Svils niSnavs.

naSromSi ganxilulia rostom CxeiZis mosazreba `amiran~

terminis etimologiisaTvis, aseve Zveli berZeni filosofosebis

cnobebi fazisisa da ,,amarantis~ mTis Sesaxeb.

berZnuli miTologiuri da leqsikologiuri masalebis

gacnobam damatebiTi informacia SegvZina, rasac, vfiqrobT, garkveuli

mniSvneloba unda hqondes anTroponim amira

ranis

etimologiisaTvis.

berZnuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi Αµαραντος _ ganmartebulia:

1. is, vinc an rac arasodes ar ykneba, ar xmeba,

vinc maradjams axalgazrda da Seubilwavia. 2. is, vinc maradjams

inaxavs da icavs sakuTar azrsa da miswrafebas, sakuTar

mizans.

berZnul zepirsitKvierebaSi arsebobs simGera mcenareze,

romliTac medeam iazons malamo daumzada. es mcenare ki amarantis

mTis mwvervalze amodis.

qarTul, rusul da berZnul filologiur naSromebSi

anTroponim ‘amiranis’ etimologiis Sesaxeb arsebuli saintereso

Tvalsazrisebis mixedviT SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom amirani

,,mzis Svilia~, xolo dedamiwa anu ameri ,,mzis sauflo~.

adamianebiT dasaxlebuli samzeo ki amiranis samkvidro _ saamirano,

amiraneTi unda iKos. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba vTqvaT,

rom Tu leqsema Αµαραντος amosavalia amiranisaTvis, maSin es

sitKva qarTulidan berZnulSi Sesuli leqsikuri erTeuli unda

iKos.

m u r m a n s u x i S v i l i

zogi

gier

erTi dargob

gobri

rivi termi

minis

qarTve

Tvelur SesatKvis

satKvisTa

Ziebi

bisa

saTvis

1. g. mayavarianma Seapirispira megr. f u r a f a `gacxeleba;

gamowrToba~ da svan. l i f r e `gaxmoba~ (mayavariani,

1965). es SesatKvisoba dafiqsirda h. fenrixisa da z. sarJvela-

Zis `qarTvelur enaTa etimologiur leqsikonSi~ (h. fenrixi,

z. sarJvelaZe, 1990; 2000).

50

vfiqrobT, rom svanuris Sesapirispirebeli zmnuri fuZe

polisemiuria: a f r e `axmobs; yedavs; keravs...~, l e f r e 1.

gasaxmobi, gasaSrobi 2. gamosawrTobi, n a f ˆ r u `gamxmari; nawrTobi~,

Sdr.: berej lax naf'ru m‰ma li, gaC xola SdˆqiS li

(bz.) `Tu rkina nawrTobi ar aris, dana cudad yris (cudi kbilisaa)

[svan. l. 2000]. am zmnuri fuZis semantikuri cvlileba

ase gvesaxeba: gacxeleba (º gaxmoba) > gamowrToba.

albaT SesatKvisobaTa am rigSi unda ganixilebodes aseve

Zveli qarTulis f a r i l i, S e f a r i l e b a:

`netar ars, romeli iglovdes sulisa T‚sisaT‚s mciredsa

amas jamsa, raTa ara S e a f a r i l o s igi codviTa da

braliTa~ m. sw. 59, 24 (abulaZe, 1973).

z. sarJvelaZe `asketikoni da wmidaTa cxorebanis~ (XIII s.)

mixedviT damowmebul f a r i l o b a formas ganmartavs rogorc

`amogangvlas~ _ `awKa daewKo f a r i l o b a d~ (sarJvelaZe,

1995). sabasTan f a r i l i ganmartebulia rogorc `bazmis

muri~ (+ Savi CD), S e i f a r i l a `Seimura~ da a. S.

maSasadame:

qarT. far-, f a r i l i, S e f a r i l e b a, f a r i l o -

b a `Semurva~

megr. fur-, f u r a f a `gacxeleba, gamowrToba~

svan. fˆr- a f r e `awrTobs: yedavs; axmobs...~

am dakavSirebisaTvis garkveul sirTules qmnis xmovnis

sakiTxi svanurSi.

2. z i d v a `tvirTva, gazidva, g a w e v a~ (abulaZe,

1970); es mniSvnelobebi SenarCunebulia zmniswinian formebSic

(ganzidva, dazidva, mizidva, mozidva, warzidva, warmozidva), saxelzmnebSic:

`dautevnes... sabelni igi g a n z i d u l n i...

(abulaZe, 1970); aseve SenarCunebulia es mniSvnelobebi axal

qarTulSi da meordeba megrulis SesatKvis (h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe

1990; 2000) z i n d u a zmnur fuZeSic: z i d v a,

{ga}weva, yimva, Treva (o. qaJaia, II, 2002). svanurSi saTanado

zmnuri fuZe ar dasturdeba. z i d v a zmnuri leqsemis dargobrivi

leqsikisaTvis mikuTvnebis TvalsazrisiT KuradGebas

iqcevs s. makalaTias mier damowmebuli Txzuli saxeli z i n -

d i l - v a r C x i l i relig. `vercxlis Zafi~: Jvaridan gamo-

Txovil qalebs saJinJxatod... mohKavdaT JgegeSi cikani da sawirSi

mihqondaT z i n d i l - v a r C x i l i... (o. qaJaia, II,

2002). sxvagvari SepirispirebisTvis ix. m. Cuxua 2000-2003, 102.

T e a t e t e l o S v i l i

zogi zmnisar

sarTis umarTe

Tebu

bulo

gamoKenebi

bisa

saTvis

samecniero literaturaSi araerTgzisaa aGniSnuli, rom

pirveladi zmnisarTebi SedarebiT mcirericxovania da ena am

xarvezs saxelisa Tu saxelzmnis iribi brunvis formebiT avsebs.

aseT SemTxvevaSi brunvis niSnebi sitKvaTmawarmoebeli

afiqsebia. amgvari funqciiT gamoiKeneba saxelTa viTarebiTi

brunvis formac, romelic ZiriTadad gamoxatavs, Tu rogor,

ra viTarebaSi sruldeba (xdeba) moqmedeba (movlena).

amgvaradaa miGebuli, magaliTad, Zvirad

zmnisarTi Zviri

zedsarTavi saxelisagan an cudad

zmnisarTi cudi

zedsarTavi

saxelisagan.

zogi meoreuli viTarebiTi zmnisarTis brunvisniSniseuli

Tanxmovani gacveTilia. magaliTad,

dablad

> dabla

Cqarad

> Cqara

nelad

> nela

amave tendenciiT Tanamedrove qarTulis zepir metKvelebaSi

bolo dros gaCnda magra

forma: magra

mome

mewo

wona

na, magra

daart

artKa da a. S. aqve aGvniSnavT, rom brunvisniSniseuli Tanxmovnis

dakargvis tendencia amjamad Sesustebulia, Tumca paralelurad

amoqmedda axali, ufro intensiuri procesi viTarebiT

brunvaSi mdgari meoreuli zmnisarTis sanacvlod saxe-

52

lobiTiani formis gamoKenebisa. magaliTad, Zalian xSirad

gvxvdeba ueyve

veli

da maga

gari

da sxva. zedsarTavi saxelebi zmnisarTuli

funqciiT, Tumca aqve unda iTqvas, rom xsenebul

formebs uyirT (Tu saerTod SeuZlebeli araa) zmnasTan dakav-

Sireba da warmoadgenen Cveulebriv msazGvrelebs.

Sdr.

ueyve

veli

saqme

// ueyve

veli

movi

vida

da; ueyve

veli Cava

vaba

bareb

reb...

maga

gari

puri

// maga

gari

mome

mewo

wona

vfiqrobT, amgvari formebi Sinaarss abundovanebs:

puri maga

gari

mome

mewo

wona

(orazrovania _ maga

gari

purs gansazGvravs,

Tu zmnisarTia da gamoxatavs, rom magrad (Zlier)

momewona puri);

saqme ueyve

veli

gamova

(bundovania saqmea

ueyve

veli

Tu

ueyvelad gamova saqme).

amgvari bundovaneba SeiZleba agvecilebina, Tu gamoviKenebdiT

meoreul zmnisarTebs:

puri magrad

momewona;

saqme ueyve

velad

gamova.

aqve aGsaniSnavia, rom Tanamedrove qarTulis zepir

metKvelebaSi sitKva maga

garis

gaxSirebuli gamoKeneba konteqstidan

da sazGvruli wevris semantikidan gamomdinare zogJer

umarTebuloa. maga

gari

zedsarTavi saxelis intensiurma da aramiznobrivma

xmarebam Sesabamisad gaaxSira misi gamoKeneba zmnisarTuli

mniSvnelobiTac, bevrJer, rogorc mosalodneli iKo,

umarTebulod. magaliTad, semantikurad SeuTavsebeli da

miuGebeli sitKvaTSexamebebia: magrad

mome

mewo

wona

na, magrad

ad gaala

la-

maza

da a.S. maga

gari

simKaresTan, Gonesa da simtkicesTan dakav-

SirebiT gamoiKeneba (xeli magrad

CamovarTvi; kari magrad aris

daketili; orive mxare magrad

idga). Jobs amgvar konteqstSi

gamoviKenoT Zlier

er, Zalze

ze, Zalian

an: Zlier

/ Zali

lian

mome

mewo

wona

na;

Zali

lian

gaala

lama

maza

da a.S., radgan Zlier

er, Zali

lian

an, Zalze

aGmatebulobis

asociacias qmnis da mianiSnebs moqmedebis metad,

friad maGal xarisxSi Sesrulebaze.

rac Seexeba, zemoxsenebul mag

agra

formas, aGsaniSnavia,

rom misi aGreva (zmnisarTia Tu msazGvreli) ar xdeba. Tumca,

o s t o m f a r e u l i Z e

zmnur fuZe

ZeTa Seda

dare

rebi

biTi anali

lizi naxur

xurSi

Si.

II. wova

va-Tu

TuSu

Suri daca

n `Tib

Tibva

va" :

CeCnu

nuri cana

`sa

saTi

Tibi

bi" 1

vfiqrobT, am fuZesTan brunvis niSnis cveTis procesi araa dasrulebuli,

radgan paralelurad, da ufro intensiuradac,

gamoiKeneba misi brunvisniSanSenarCunebuli varianti. Kovelive

es gvafiqrebinebs, rom magra

formis daSveba, Tundac, rogorc

paraleluri variantisa, am etapze naadrevia, xolo

saxe

xelo

lobiT

brunva

vaSi

mdgari

saxe

xele

lebis

(ma

maga

gari

ri, ueyve

veli

da sxv.)

zmni-

sarTu

Tuli

mniSvne

vnelo

lobiT

gamoKene

eneba

_ ugule

lebel

belsa

saKofi

ofi, rad-

gan sitKvis

zmnisar

sarTu

Tuli

mniSvne

vnelo

loba

iCrdi

rdile

leba

(Tu

saer

er-

Tod ar ikarge

geba

ba).

amgvar

forma

maTa

wina

nada

dade

deba

baSi

arse

sebo

boba

ba

qmnis orazrov

rovne

nebi

bisa

Tu bundo

dova

vane

nebis

safuZ

fuZvels

vels.

wova-TuSurSi qarTul "Tibva"-s SeesatKviseba daca

n . da-

ca n gardamavali zmnaa. magaliTebi wova-TuSuridan:

glexev savsavayn dajar GiGnev dacor

"glexi xasxasa balaxs (saZovars) GiGiniT Tibavda" (qadagiZe,

1984).

kaZig balax dewes dacan

cota balaxi unda movTibo" (miqelaZe, 1978, 72).

imave enaSi mimGeoba dacu

cuJnŒ "saTibi", "mTibavi" daca

n

zmnis fuZisagan aris nawarmoebi. "saTibis", "mTibavis" garCeva

wova-TuSurSi konteqstis mixedviT aris SesaZlebeli.

wova-TuSuris daca

n zmnas, dacu

cujnŒ mimGeobas unda ukav-

Sirdebodes CeCnuri cana

na, inguSuri con. "cana", "con" CeCnuringuSurSi

arsebiTi saxelia da niSnavs "saTibs", "gasaTib ad-

54

1 pirveli werili daibeyda krebulSi `saenaTmecniero Ziebani~.

t. XIV, Tb., 2003.

gils". aseTi adgili, Cveulebriv, daculia, aqvs Gobe an hKavs

Karauli.

zmnuri forma daca

n , romelic wova-TuSurSia warmodgenili,

CeCnur-inguSurSi ar iZebneba, rogorc Cans, dakargulia.

"Tibva" orive am enaSi aGweriTad iwarmoeba. Sdr.:

mangal h$aƒa n

(CeCnuri), mangal h$aƒa (inguSuri)

am sintagmebSi mangal

"cels" niSnavs, h$aƒa n , h$aƒa (nazalobis

moSliT inguSurSi) - "mosmas". maSasadame, sitKvasitKvi-

Ti Targmani iqneba: celis mosma (= Tibva). Sdr., agreTve: mars

h$aƒa n "mka", sadac mars aris "namgali", e. i. "namglis mosma",

"mka".

cana

(con

con) "saTibi" igive forma Cans, rac wova-TuSuri

dacu

cujnŒ, e. i. cana warmoSobiT mimGeobaa: CeCnur-inguSurSi

amosavali zmnuri forma daikarga, misgan nawarmoebi mimGeoba

SemogvrCa. cana

(con

con) amosavali zmnuri formis uqonlobis

gamo arsebiT saxelad iqca, gasubstantivda. garda amisa, CeCnur-inguSurSi

dakargulia prefiqsuli gramatikuli klasis

niSani d- momdevno xmovniTurT: cana < da-cana.

"mTibavi" CeCnurSi aris mangalx…Œ

galx…Œ, romelic ase daiSleba:

mangal

"celi" + x…Œ (xelobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi).

Sdr., agreTve: jazdar "wera" + x…Œ "mwerali"; h$jexar

"swavleba"

+ x…Œ "maswavlebeli" da misT.

zemoT dacu

cujnŒ mimGeobis Sesaxeb iTqva, rom igi gamoxatavs

rogorc "saTibs", ise "mTibavs". aseTi formebi qarTulSi

gvaris mixedviT aris garCeuli. CeCnur-inguSurSi iseTive viTareba

gvaqvs, rac wova-TuSurSi:

mangal h$…oƒu (sTag) "mTibavi" (kaci, adamiani)

mangal h$…oƒu (cana) "saTibi" (adgili, farTobi)

an: Œxu (ƒa) "saxnavi" (ezo, nakveTi)

Œxu (sTag) "mxvneli" (kaci, adamiani)...

qarTulSi "Tibva" fuZesTan aris dakavSirebuli "Tiva"

(Sdr., megruli "Tibi"). naxur enebSi sxva viTareba gvaqvs. "Ti-

vis" aGmniSvneli leqsema samive enaSi sxva fuZea, kerZod: j…ol

(CeCnur-inguSuri), jol

(wova-TuSuri). rogorc Cans, igi saer-

Tonaxuri fuZea, naxuri fuZe-enis kuTvnileba. safiqrebelia,

rom Zveli nasesxobac iKos naxur fuZe-enaSi.

am fuZes erTi Tavisebureba axasiaTebs: brunebisas ikargeba

Tavkiduri j bgera, xolo …o difTongi (an o monofTongi

wova-TuSurSi) gadadis a-Si. Sdr., CeCnuri:

56

sax. j…ol

naT. Šla n (< ‰lin)

mic. ‰lana

erg. ‰l…Œ...

CeCnuri: ‰lax aTTa wje ljeTa

wova-TuSuri: alax ataS˜ we leTe

"Tivas advilad cecxli ekideba (xolme)"

maSasadame, CeCnur-inguSuri arsebiTi saxeli cana

na, con

"saTibi" ukavSirdeba wovaTuSur daca

n , dacu

cujnŒ formebs da

warmoadgens gasubstantivebul mimGeobas. sakvlevia j…ol

||

jol "Tiva" leqsemis warmomavloba.

literatura

qada

dagi

giZe d., d

qada

dagi

giZe n., n

wova-TuSur-qarTul-rusuli

leqsikoni. Tb., 1984.

miqe

qela

laZe m., m interferentuli procesebi bacbur enaSi

(sad. naSromi filol. mecn. kand. sam. xarisxis mosapoveblad.

manqanaze nabeydi). Tb., 1978.

n a T i a f u t k a r a Z e

a-R-th

th-, a-R-u-th

da o-R-(Th)

o

(Th)-u-an struqtu

turis

zogi zmna megrul

grulSi

bolo periodSi samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli

mosazrebis Tanaxmad, `makankalebs~ tipis zmnebi III diaTezis II

tipSi erTiandeba; kerZod, zmnaTa es Jgufi miGebulia I sruli

diaTezisgan piris klebiT, "sadac moTxrobiTSi dasmuli saxeli

moqmedebis agensia, makauzirebeli piria - aqtiuri subieqtia,

xolo moqmedebas ganicdis pirdapiri obieqti. amitom

cnobierebaSi moTxrobiTSi dasmuli piri ikargeba da rCeba micemiTSi

dasmuli piri, romelsac realurad mosdis raime moqmedeba"

(d. meliqiSvili, 2001, gv. 239); mag.:

makankalebs is me → makankalebs me

msgavsi zmnebi uneblie moqmedebas gamoxataven, radganac

"micemiTSi dasmuli piri (aqtanti) pasiuri nebis mqone realuri

subieqtia"; amitomacaa, rom "piris daklebis Semdeg darCenili

micemiTSi dasmuli piri (Kofili morfologiuri obieqti),

wesisamebr m-s rigis prefiqsiTaa gamoxatuli" (d. meliqiSvili,

iqve).

rogoria am zmnaTa struqtura megrulSi?

megrulSi, iseve rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi am

tipis zmnaTa dativSi dasmuli saxeli manis rigis prefiqsiTaa

gamoxatuli da subieqtis funqcias asrulebs.: m-akan

akanka

kalens

`makankalebs~, g-oCi

oCiona

nafu

fuans

`gamTqnarebs~...

saliteraturo qarTulis msgavsad, megrulSic III diaTezis

II tipis zmnaTa raodenoba SezGudulia; maT warmovadgenT

sami ZiriTadi Jgufis saxiT:

1. a-R-Th- Kalibis formebi (megrul formebs saliteraturo

enisgan ganasxvavebs mxolod saxecvlili Tematuri

niSani):

maeyv-eb-s - maeyv-en

en-s: mag., Ti kos mu aeyvens? `im kacs ra

aeyvebs?~

2. a-R-u-Th- Kalibis is formebi, romelTac udasturdebaT

aGweriTi variantebic: (maZagZagebs [sicivisgan])

m-a-JgarJgal-u-af-u(n); Sdr., aGweriTi warmoeba: Jgar-

Jgalq

ge-m-io

iolu

lu. `kankali damewKo~, sitKvasitKviT

`kankalma amivarda~.

3. o-R-(Th)-u-an Kalibis formebi: (ra) `m-a-cin-eb-s~ .

Sdr., (mu) m-o-Zicin-u-an-s (// moZicu); mag., mu oZicinuans

Ti kos? /`ra acinebs im kacs?~/;

sxva magaliTi: `o-kras

kraska

ka-(a)f-u-an

an-s~ /aGebvinebs (`Tvalebs

aGebvinebs~); Sdr., mu okras

raska

kafu

fuans Te ZGabis

Z

abis?

(`{netav} ra aGebvinebs (axatvinebs am gogos Tvalebs?~).

a-R-Th- struqturis zmnebisgan gansxvavebiT,

o-R-(Th)-u-an Kalibis zmnebs megrulSi -eb

Temis niSnis

fard -af

af-s emateba -u-an

sufiqsi, romelic o-prefiqsTan

erTad kauzativis gagebas sZens zmnas. gansxvaveba saliteraturo

qarTulsa da megruls Soris aSkarad meoreulia,

vinaidan, rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli -eb Temis ni-

Sanic a- xmovan prefiqsTan erTad istoriulad swored

kauzativis mawarmoebelia.

unda aGiniSnos, makan

kanka

kalebs

tipis zmnebi mwkrivnaklia

da inversiuli SinaarsiT mxolod I da II seris mwkrivebi ewarmoeba

(asevea saliteraturo qarTulSic).

SeiZleba davaskvnaT:

"makankalebs" tipis zmnebis struqtura Tvisobrivad er-

Tgvaria samwignobro qarTul enasa da megrulSi, Tumca aucilebelia

dasavluri dialeqtebis monacemebis gaTvaliswineba,

rasac vfiqrobT momavalSi.

z e z v a q a v T a r a Z e

saTe

Temo gvari

ridan

_ gvarsa

saxe

xela

lamde

2005 wels arn. Ciqobavas sakiTxavebSi dabeydil statiaSi

warmovadgineT Cveni mosazreba fSavSi gvarsaxelebis CamoKalibebis

TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb.

mokled am Tvalsazrisis Sesaxeb: fSavSi odiTganve arsebobda

TerTmeti saTemo gvari, romlebic iKofoda mamiSvilobebad.

am mamiSvilobaTagan uZvelesia mkvidri

ris da agreTve mo-

sulis

_ Semoxiz

xiznu

nulis

is mamiSviloba, romelic pirvelad

Cndeba saTemo gvarSi. mas pirobiTad Tavda

dapir

pirve

veli mamiS

miSvi

vi-

loba

vuwodeT. es mamiSvilobebi mudmivad iKofodnen axal mamiSvilobebad.

istoriul-eTnografiuli masalebis safuZvelze

met-naklebad aGdgeba gvarsa

saxe

xelis

wina ori mamiSvilobad da-

Kofa. maT pirobiTad pirvel mamiS

miSvi

vilo

lobad daKo

Kofa

da meore

mamiS

miSvi

vilo

lobad daKo

Kofa

vuwodeT.

rac Seexeba gvarsa

saxels

xels, igi SeiZleba momdinareobdes sa-

Temo gvari

rida

danac

nac, Tavda

dapir

pirve

veli mamiS

miSvi

vilo

lobis saxe

xeli

lida

danac

da pirvel

da meore mamiS

miSvi

vilo

lobad daKo

Kofis

saxelidanac.

amrigad, Cven, am procesis naTlad warmosadgenad, pirobiTad,

gamovKaviT xuTi safexuri: I- saTemo gvari, II- Tavdapirveli

mamiSviloba, III- pirveli mamiSvilobad daKofa, IV- meore

mamiSvilobad daKofa, V- gvarsaxeli.

statias nimuSis saxiT darTuli hqonda sqema, romelic

gogolaurTa saTemo gvaridan gvarsaxelTa TandaTanobiT Camo-

Kalibebis suraTs gviCvenebda. Semdgomi muSaobisa da istoriul-eTnografiuli

masalebis SeJerebis safuZvelze warmovadgenT

danarCeni fSauri saTemo gvarebidan gvarsaxelTa CamoKalibebis

sqematur suraTs.

58

l i a q a r o s a n i Z e

Sesa

samo

mose

selis aGmniSa

mniSvne

vneli zogi termi

minis

isto

tori

riisa

saTvis qarTul

TulSi

1) anafo

fora

berZnul saeklesio terminologiur leqsikonebSi termini

anafo

fora

(!Anaforav, !Agiva !Anaforav `wminda Sesawiravi~) ewodeba

liturgiis nawils, romelic iwKeba sitKvebiT: `vsdgeT ke-

Tilad, vsdgeT SiSiT, moxede wmidasa amas Sesa

sawi

wirav

ravsa

sa, mSvidobiT

Sewirvadsa~ _ Stw÷men kalw÷". stw÷men meta; fovbou: proscw÷men:

th;n ajgivan !Anafora

Anaforav ejn eijrhvnh/ prosfevrein.

anafo

fora

ra, anu Sesa

sawi

wira

ravi

vi, evqaristiuli kanonia, romelic

liturgiis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens da `mrwamsis~ galobis

Semdeg iwKeba. anaforas centraluri nawilia ZGvenis amaGleba

trapezidan.

qarTulSi terminma anafo

foram

berZnulisagan gansxvavebuli

mniSvnelobebi SeiZina: anafora aGniSnavs Sesamosels, ker-

Zod, mGvdlis KoveldGiur samoss, rasac berZnulad dGes

Ravso-s uwodeben (Sdr. rus. оооо).

rogorc Cans, korneli kekeliZis varauds eKrdnobian axlaxan

gamosuli marTlmadidebluri enciklopediis Semdgenlebi.

enciklopediaSi anafo

fora

samosis mniSvnelobiT asea ganmartebuli:

`samGvdelo farTo samoseli, sinanulisa da morCilebis

gamomxatveli. samoslis saxelwodeba miuTiTebs, rom misi

matarebeli asrulebs usisxlo msxverplis aGvlenas~.

sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT, anafora: `zeda mimarTad

iTqmis (ese igi zeda mimarT). niko CubinaSvili ki

vrclad ganmartavs termins: `anafora _ samGvdeloTa zeidam

sacmeli saxlebganieri palekarti оооо, !Apanwfovri, !Apanwfovrhma,

xolo !Anaforav niSnavs moxsenebasa, Txovasa, ооооооооо,

оооооооо.

maSasadame, niko CubinaSvilis ganmartebiT, qarTulSi samosis

mniSvnelobiT damkvidrebuli sitKva anafora momdinareobs

ara sitKvisagan !Anaforav, aramed _ !Apanwfovri,

60

!Apanwfovrhma. windebulebi ajpavnw || ejpavnw enacvleba erTmaneTs

berZnulSi. dGes am sitKvas ufro ase xmaroben: ejpanwfovri an

panwfovri, rac `zeda samoss~, `mosasxams~, `paltos~ niSnavs.

anafora mosasxamia, zemodan mosacmeli. arsebobs Txeli

da daTbiluli, Salis nayrisagan Sekerili, igive palto. Cveni

azriT, niko CubinaSvilis Tvalsazrisi sruliad damaJerebelia

miuxedavad imisa, rom JerJerobiT ver mivakvlieT wKaros, romelsac

eKrdnoba igi.

2) bede

deni

niki

termini bedeniki ise, rogorc am sitKviT aGniSnuli niv-

Ti rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gavleniT Cndeba qar-

TulSi. sxva marTlmadideblur eklesiebSi msgavsi Sesamoseli

ar arsebobs. enqeris msgavsad bedenikic rombis formis oTxku-

Txa qsovilia, Jvris gamosaxulebiT da simbolurad isic sulieri

maxvilis aGmniSvnelia. ikideba sartKelze. rusi sasuliero

pirebi bedeniksa da enqers xSirad erTad atareben.

rusuli terminis ооооооооооо-is aGsaniSnavad ori termini

ixmareba qarTulSi: sagver

gverde

da rusuli terminis gamartivebuli

forma bede

deni

niki

ki.

m e d e a G l o n t i

sitKva `leq

leqsi

sikon qarTul

Tulsa

sa~ da

`sib

sibrZne sicru

ruisa

saSi

Si~

`leqsikon qarTulSi~, sitKuis saleqsikono budeSi,

sulxan-saba orbeliani ganmartavs: 1. sitKvis raobas

bas, 2.

sitKvis gamoTqmis ragva

varo

robas

da 3. sitKvieri gadmoce

cemis

stils, rac `sibrZne sicruisaSi~ mxatvrulad warmoCndeba:

1. sitKvis raobis ganmartebisas sulxan-saba Tavis leqsi-

konSi brZanebs: `sitKva

ewodebis erTsa sitKvasa (sitKvaTa)

TqmulTa sibrZniTa TvisiTa~. igi gulisxmobs sakuTriv

sitKvis dabadebas, qmnadobas, romlis pirvelmizezad dasaxelebulia

sibrZne

rZne.

sitKvis raobis amgvari kvalifikaciiT warmoaCenilia

sitKvis Tavdapirveli bunebiTi Tviseba, romelic aris sib-

rZne, viTarca sitKvis GvTaebrivi beyedi. sitKuis saleqsikono

budis dasawKisSive qarTveli leqsikografi swored amis

dasturad imowmebs pirveli Tavis pirvel muxls wmida ioanes

saxarebidan: `pirveliTgan iKo sitKua, da sitKua igi iKo

GmrTisa Tana, GmerTi iKo sitKua igi~ (ioane 1, 1). friad sagulisxmod

aris naCvenebi, rom amgvari damowmebiT sulxan-sabas

mier sagangebod moiniSneba sitKvis `zeaGmatebuli~, logosuri

Sinaarsi (revaz siraZe).

amave saleqsikono budeSi erT sitKvas sulxan-saba mra-

val sitKvasTan

apirispirebs: `xolo mravalTa sitKvaTa [ewodebis]

lapa

para

raki

ki~. mrava

vali sitKviT igulisxmeba sitKvaTa mo-

qmede

deba, anu SesitKveba, sitKva-migeba. lapa

para

rakis

garda, ganmartebulia

sitKva-migebis gamomxatveli aTeulze meti leqsikuri

erTeuli: sauba

bari

ri, alersi

si, pasu

suxi

xi, CurCu

Culi

li, cundru

druki

ki,

CurCna

Cna, baqi

qi, titi

tini

ni, tarta

tari

ri, tara

ratu

tura

ra, Tqma

(etKoda

etKoda,

hqva), aswa

wava

va.

aswa

wava

amaTgan erTaderTia, romlis ganmartebaSi, raobas-

Tan erTad, sagangebod moiniSneba sitKvis daniSnuleba: `as

aswa

wava

_

ra sitKviTa keTilTa gzaTa aCvenebdes~. sulxan-sabasTvis swav-

lis (swavlebis) umTavresi mizani keTilTan ziarebaa, keTi

Tili

gzis sitKviT Cvene

nebaa

baa, romlis drosac sitKva saSualebaa, ke-

Tilisaken wamKvanebelia, keTil

TilTa Ta gzaTa

gamkvalavia.

`leqsikon qarTulSi~ sitKvis daniSnulebaze aseve gamaxvilebulia

KuradGeba Semdeg leqsikur erTeulTa ganmartebebiT

_ swavla

la, wurTa

Ta, wvrTa, mcneba

da igavi

vi. am saleqsikono

ganmartebiTi korpusiT sulxan-saba gvmoZGvravs: swavle

leba

ma-

Sin aris naKofieri da saTno, roca keTil gzaze gviTiTeben,

keTils gvaswavlian da keTil

Tilsa

zeda

gvamkvidreben. ramdenadac

qarTveli leqsikografisTvis sakuTriv sitKvis bunebiTi

62

Tviseba sibrZnea (`Tqmulia sibrZniTa TvisiTa~), keTil

TilSi

Si, ke-

Tilsa zeda damkvid

mkvidre

reba

baSi

igi sibrZnes

rZnesTan ziare

rebas

unda gulisxmobdes.

meore mxriv, Tavisi ubadlo igavuri gamocana-saTauriT _

`sibrZne sicruisa~ _ sulxan-saba mkiTxvels aiZulebs, Caukvirdes

sibrZni

rZniTa Tvisi

siTa

gamoTqmul sitKvas, romelic man sicruiT,

anu mxatvrul-igavuri samosiT warmoaCina. igavu

vuri

samosiT

Semkuli sitKva `sibrZne sicruisaSi~ sakuT

kuTriv sitKvis (saleqsikono

erTeulis) bunebiT Tvisebas (sibrZnes) mxatvrulad gaacxadebs

da gvarwmunebs, rom mxat

xatvru

vruli sitKvis Tqmis sib-

rZnec keTil

TilTan Tan ziare

rebaa

baa, rame

meTu Tavad sitKvis bune

nebi

biTi

Tvise

sebaa sibrZne

rZne, rome

melic keTi

Tilia Tavi

visi arsiT

siT.

2. am Tezas meigave sulxan-saba sagangebod aviTarebs arakiT

`cru da umecari~, romelSic mxatvruli leqsikur-semantikuri

erTeuliT same

mefo sitKva sitKvis Tqmis ragvarobas gaacxadebs:

sitKva da sitKvis Tqma imitom aris same

mefo

fo, rom igi

brZnulad, keTilad iTqmis.

`sibrZne sicruisaSi~ sitKvis Tqmis ragva

varo

robis

SesaniSnavi

mxatvruli TvalsaCinoebaa e.w. samefo karis zneobrivi kodeqsi

_`vazirTa wesi~ da `mefisa Tana mKofTa~ wesebi, romlebSic

sitKvis brZnulad da keTilad Tqmis ragvaroba Semdegi

maxasiaTeblebiT aGibeydeba: sitKvis is Tqmis jami

mi, sitKvis droulad

Tqma, sitKvis

mosme

smena

na-ga

gago

gone

neba

ba, sitKvis

Senax

naxva

va,

sitKvis Tqmis sargeb

rgebli

liano

noba

ba, sitKvis Semowme

wmeba

ba, sitKvis

tkbilad Tqma, saamo sitKva.

sitKvis keTilad Tqmis ragvaroba `sibrZne sicruisaSi~

aseve warmoCndeba sam aTeulze meti leqsikur-semantikuri er-

TeuliT, romelTa meoxebiT sulxan-saba mxatvrulad aGbeydavs

sitKvis Tqmis sibrZne

rZnesa

da sitKvis brZnulad Tqmis ostatobas.

TvalSi sacemia am leqsikur erTeulTa ganKofa sikeTe-siavisa

da sibrZne-siveragis niSniT: keTil

TilsitKva

sitKvaoba

keTilad

Tqmaa, sibrZnis Semcveli sitKvis Tqmaa, avsitKva

sitKvaoba

ki mxolod

siavesa da borotebas amkvidrebs kacTa Soris.

msgavsad amisa, `leqsikon qarTulSi~ sulxan-saba Cveuli

sizustiTa da lakoniurobiT warmoaCens mrava

vali sitKvis

(resp. metKvelebis) Koveli konkretuli saxeobis uarsebiTes

maxasiaTebels, romelic am saxeobis ganumeoreblobas usvams

xazs.

leqsikonSi sulxan-saba sitKvis gamoTqmis ragvarobas kidev

erTi maxasiaTebliT warmoaCens da erTmaneTisgan ganasxvavebs

xmovan sitKvas da Sina

nagan mdeba

bare

sitKvas: `ganiKofebis

sitKviereba sulisa Sinagan mdebarisa sitKvisa da ƒmovanisa

mimarT~.

wmida ioane damaskelis `gardamocemaze~ daKrdnobiT, qar-

Tveli leqsokografi safuZvlianad aanalizebs orive saxeobis

sitKvisgebas.

xmova

vani

(igive warmoCe

Ceni

nili

li) sitKvisa

sagan

gansxvavebiT, Si-

nagan mdeba

bare sitKva (igive Sigan

ganmde

mdeba

bare sitKva, gangu

guli

li-

sitKva, Segu

guli

lisitKva

sitKva) _ gauxmovanebelia, warmouTqmelia. igi

sulxan-sabas mier ganisazGvreba viTarca `moZraoba sulisa~,

romelic aris `ganmsitKvelobiTsa Zalsa Sina qmnili. gan-

msitKve

tKvelo

lobiT

Zala

laSi

Si, cxadia, suliwmidis Zalisxmeva igulisxmeba,

romlis meoxebiTac fiqrsa Tu sizmarSi mdumared vezraxebiT

xolme sakuTar Tavs.

3. Tavis leqsikonSi sulxan-saba orbeliani sagangebod

warmoadgens xmova

vani sitKvis sam `mzraxvelobiT~ saxeobas:

`uaGresTaTvis~ gankuTvnili zeSTa sitKva, romelic dGevandeli

mwignobruli, akademiuri (weriTi Tu zepiri) metKvelebis

SesatKvisia; swori sitKva, gankuTvnili `moKvasTaTvis~, anu

KoveldGiuri, Sinauruli metKveleba; da damxe sitKva, gankuTvnili

`ƒelqveSeTaTvis~, anu mdabioTa saurTierTo ena,

mdare metKvelebis SesatKvisi.

samive saxeobiT qarTveli leqsikografi xmova

vani sitKvis

gadmoce

cemis

stilis

nairgvarobas warmogvidgens. `sibrZne sicruisaTvis~

meigave sulxan-sabam arCevani SeaCera swori

sitKvis stilze, romelic maGalmxatvruli ostatobiT aris

Sezavebuli zeSTa sitKvis stilTan. amas mowmobs rogorc

sitKva-migebisa da dialogebis mxatvrul-igavuri gamiznuloba,

aseve avtoriseuli mxatvrul-igavuri miniSnebebis paraleluri

64

gamoKeneba, damrigeblur-mqadagebluri da bibliur-igavuri

Txrobis wesis monacvleoba da, rac Kvelaze mniSvnelovania _

ritorikul stilTan Sezavebuli evangeluri sicxadiT aGbeydili

Txrobis wesi.

Kovelive amis TvalsaCinoebad Txzulebis nebismieri nakve-

Ti ivargebs, iqneba es araki, Tavisi winamavali an momdevno siujeturi

segmentebiT Tu personajTa sitKva-migeba da dialogebi.

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas: sulxan

xan-sa

sabas

basTan sitKva bato

to-

nobs!

T i n a T i n G v i n a Z e

qarTu

Tuli sali

lite

tera

ratu

turo enis norma

maTa

swavle

lebis Sesa

saxeb

1. Tanamedrove qarTuli tele-radio gadacemebisa da

presis enaze dakvirveba aCvenebs, rom saliteraturo enis normebi

Zalze xSirad irGveva TiTqmis Kvela TvalsazrisiT. normaTa

damkvidrebis, moTxovnisa da dacvis samsaxuri bolo

wlebSi saerTod moiSala. iseTi STabeydileba iqmneba, TiTqos

saliteraturo enaSi normebi aGaraa savaldebulo.

2. cocxal enaSi normaTagan gansxvavebuli formebis arsebobis

sixSiris gamo SeimCneva reviziis cdebic. daviwKebulia,

rom enobrivi norma SedarebiT konservatiulia, nela icvleba.

dadgenil normaTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia saliteraturo

enaSi. am normebs specialurad swavla da swavleba esayiroeba.

erT-erTi aseTi sakiTxia obieqturi mesame piris h-/s- prefiqsis

marTlwera.

3. mesame obieqturi piris h-/s- prefiqsis marTlwera Tanamedrove

qarTulisaTvis dasabuTebulad iTvleba. es sakmaod

rTuli wesi damaJereblad aris ganmartebuli akad. v. Tofurias

wignSi (1965 w., 1988 w., 2002 w.); 1970 wlidan gamoqveKne-

ulia normad, romelsac kanonis Zala aqvs. es norma Jer kidev

ver ganmtkicda da saliteraturo enis TiTqmis Kvela sferoSi

xSiria darGvevebi. gamoiTqva mosazreba: dGevandel qarTulSi

am prefiqss aGar aqvs mkveTrad gamoxatuli morfologiuri

funqcia, amitomac norma SeiZleba gadasaxedi gaxdes; uniSnoba

araviTar gaugebrobas ar gamoiwvevs komunikaciaSio.

iseT zmnebTan, romlebic KovelTvis mxolod h- an s- prefiqsiT

unda iwerebodes (gavs, Kavs, pirdeba... Txovs, wams,

wKuria...), uniSnoba SeiZleba marTlac ar gamoiwvevs gaugebrobas,

magram bevr zmnasTan h-/s- prefiqss principuli mniSvneloba

aqvs ara marto morfologiurad, semantikuradac. aucileblad

gasaTvaliswinebelia gleJs_hgleJs

hgleJs, dis-sdis

sdis, Sedga

dga_Se

Se-

sdga, kidia

dia_hki

hkidia

dia, yirs_syirs

syirs, cxela

la_scxe

scxela

da sxva amgvar

formaTa Sinaarsi. aseTebi sakmaod bevria enaSi da amitomac Setanilia

`qarTuli enis orTografiul leqsikonSi (1968 w., 1998 w.),

`jurnalistis stilistikur cnobarSi~ (2002 w.). mravlad Sevida

`orTografiul-stilistikur leqsikonSi~ (2008 w.). magram

marto leqsikonSi Setana am saqmes ver Svelis.

4. sayiroa saSualo skolis qarTuli enis kursSi amgvari

normatiuli sakiTxebis ufro gamokveTilad warmodgena, specialurad

swavleba. qarTuli literaturisa da enis integrirebuli

swavlebisa da alternatiuli saxelmZGvaneloebis arsebobis

viTarebaSi es ver Tu ar xerxdeba. saerTod zmnis formaTa

marTlwerisa da marTlgamoKenebis sakiTxebs naklebi

KuradGeba eqceva skolaSi. Sedegic ar igvianebs.

l e i l a S a l v a S v i l i

Kvar

varKva

vare

saxe

xelis leqsi

siku

kuri bude

saga

gaze

zeTo masa

salis mixed

xedviT

adamianis sakuTar saxels emociuri elferi axlavs; zogi

saKovelTao siKvaruliTaa mosili, zogi ganZarculia am sike-

Tisgan. saTanado STabeydilebebi KovelTvis mKari araa, _

droisa Tu sxva faqtorebis kvalobaze siKvarulis sxivmosileba

SeiZleba siZulviliT Seicvalos an piriqiT.

`uKvar

vars~ zmnis fuZis gaorkecebiT miGebuli istoriuli

saxeli Kvar

varKva

vare

re, romelic mravalgzis moixsenieba `qarTlis

cxovrebis~ furclebze, Saravandmoclil zogadliteraturul

metaforul saxed iqceva polikarpe kakabaZis `KvarKvare TuTaberis~

gamoqveKnebisTanave (daiwera da scenaze daidga 1928-

1929 wlebSi).

politikur niGabmorgebuli medrove araraoba KvarKvare 80

welia feruxunebel tipobriv personad gvevlineba qarTul mwerlobaSi.

_ iqmneba Kvar

varKva

vare

saxelis mravalwevriani enobrivi bude.

sagazeTo masalis mixedviT saKovelTao xmarebis Kvar

varKva

va-

re _ Kvar

varKva

vare

reoba

ba, Kvar

varKva

variz

rizmi

sameuli TandaTan ivseba axali

erTeulebiT. am mxriv saKuradGeboa anzor abulaSvilis

`KvarKvare~-leqsi, romelmac saZiebeli odensaxeluri bude

zmnuri formebiTac gaamdidra; miviGeT ocze metwevriani rigi:

1. KvarKvare, KvarKvaruva, uKvarKvaresoba, KvarKvareoba,

saKvarKvarod, aKvarKvarebuli; KvarKvarizmi, arqi(v)KvarKvarizmi,

neoKvarKvarizmi, KvarKvaristi; 2. gaaKvarKvara, gavaKvarKvareT,

gagviKvarKvarda; w/amoKvarKvardeba _ amoKvarKvarda, wamoKvarKvarebulan;

iKvarKvarebs, iKvarKvara, iKvarKvaros, geKvarKvare.

enis mdidar sitKvawarmoebiTs SesaZleblobebze metKveli

Kvar

varKva

vare

re-bude, albaT, karga xans `icocxlebs~, _ drois

mkacr sacerSi gatarebulsac uxvad SerCeba es metaforulobiT

niSandebuli wevrebi, raki Tavad KvarKvare ukvdavebis Saravandediani

cxovrebiseuli saxea qarTuli mxatvruli azrovnebisa.

66

e T e r S e n g e l i a

erTi saer

erToqar

qarTve

Tvelu

luri fuZi

Zisa

saTvis

zanuris lazur dialeqtSi dasturdeba leqsema _ xCeon

on-i//

qCon-i//Con

`TeTrsamosiani~, `TeTriani~.

Cveni varaudiT, mocemuli leqsikuri erTeuli nawarmoebi

sitKvaa _ *xCe

xCe-on

on-i//qCe

qCe-on

on-i//Ce

Ce-on

on-i//qC

qC-on

on-i//C-on

on-i, sadac

*xCe

xCe-//qCe

qCe-//Ce

TeTris aGmniSvnelia, xolo -*on

mawarmoebeli

sufiqsia, romelic aGniSnavs risame qonebas, anda siyarbes,

qarTuli -ian, -ier, -ovan, -osan sufiqsebis fardi.

mocemul saanalizo erTeuli SeiZleba qarT. mƒco

covan

van-i//

mxcovan

van-i _ `yaGarosani - TeTri Tmis, wveris matarebeli~ _

fuZis fonetikur-semantikuri SesatKvisi iKos, romelic, rogorc

samecniero literaturidan cnobilia, nawarmoebi

sitKvaa da amgvarad daiSleba _ mƒc-ovan

ovan-//m-xc

xc-ovan

ovan-. m-xc

xc- Ziri

TeTrs aGniSnavs, -ovan

ki mawarmoebeli sufiqsia.

qarT. -an

(-ov-an

an, -os-an

an, -i-an

an) SesatKvisia laz. -on

on-isa.

amave fuZes ukavSirdeba megr. rC-in

in-u//rC-Hn- H← rC-on

on-i

`moxuci, beberi~.

saerToqarTvelur fuZed aGdgeba *ƒHc-, xolo sufiqsad _

-an

an, Sdr. s.-qarTv. *ƒc- ← ƒc-an

an-.

r e v a z S e r o z i a

qo- nawi

wilak

lak-zmnis

zmniswi

wini

nisa

saTvis megrul da

lazur dialeq

leqteb

tebSi

1. qarTvelur sistemaSi mtkicebiTi nawilakebi

(ki

ki/qo

qo/que

que/qe

qe) ZiriTadad, zmnis Tanmxlebi elementebia. maT

formaluri da funqciuri maxasiaTeblebi specialuri litera-

turidan cnobilia. amasTan, megrulsa da lazur dialeqtebSi

(sistemis variantebSi) qo- nawilakis zmniswinis funqciiT

gamoKenebasTan dakavSirebiT zogierTi detali dasazustebelia.

2. aGniSnulia: a) qo- pirvel nawilad moudis martiv da

rTul zmniswinebs; b) mas zmniswinis adgili ukavia mKofadis

formebSi maSin, roca mocemuli zmna zmniswins ver iguebs; g)

nawilakis o xmovani poziciurad SeiZleba nebismier xmovnad

gardaiqmnas.

KuradGebas iqcevs qo-s gamoKeneba awmKos formebSi. es exeba

rogorc statikur, ise dinamikur zmnebs. roca dinamikur,

wesieri uGvlilebis zmnasTan is zmniswinis adgils

ikavebs, zmna awmKo drois gagebas iZens:

ykiruns (yris) _ do -ykiruns (da-yris) _ qo-kiruns (ki

yris)

3. SeniSnulia, rom megrulsa da lazurs Soris sxvaobas

qmnis megrulSi CamoKalibebuli `ormagad rTuli~ zmniswinebi.

maTi pirveli komponenti KovelTvis g- elementia (poziciurad

a,e,o xmovnebTan erTad). zogJer mas q- cvlis gemSa -sxapu /

qemSa-sxapu (SigniT Sexta) . . .

lazurSi g-s nacvlad q- gvaqvs Kvela im SemTxvevaSi, roca

megrulSi `ormagad rTuli~ an g- TanxmovniT dawKebuli

rTuli zmniswinia warmodgenili:

gemSa-rTu _ qomeSa-xTu (Sevida)

gemSi-nfTiruq –qomeSa-iTira-na (SeveTrevi)…

geSe-Gans _ qeSiGams (amoiGebs) . . .

4. masalis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia vifiqroT, rom

qo-nawilakis zmniswinad qcevis Sualeduri procesi warmodgenilia

lazurSi. megrulSi igi dasrulebulia imdenad, rom

`ormagad rTuli~ zmniswinebis SemTxvevaSi qo- nawilaki aGsadgenia.

lazuris qo darTuli rTuli zmniswinebi igive odenobad

SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rac megrulSi ormagad rTul zmniswinebad

aris miCneuli.

68

i z a C a n t l a Z e

kidev erTxel

-fxe

> -xe

xe, -fxe

> -fx sufiq

fiqsi

sisa

saTvis

qarTve

Tvelur ono

o

nomas

masti

tikon

konSi

saanalizo sufiqss, romelic qarTvelur anTroponimTa

genderuli diferencirebisTvis gamoiKeneba dasavleT saqarTveloSi,

araerTi mkvlevari (n. mari, p. yaraia, i. KifSiZe, p. ingoroKva,

s. JanaSia, arn. Ciqobava, i. meSCaninovi, T. jordania,

q. lomTaTiZe, S. ZiZiguri, i. megreliZe, al. Glonti, i. zicari,

z. yumburiZe, b. JorbenaZe, g. gasviani, r. TofCiSvili,

p. cxadaia, o. yurGulia, n. mgelaZe, q. margiani, c. bendeliani)

Sexebia. sakiTxs ikvlevdnen rogorc enaTmecnierebi, ise eTnologebi.

iKo mcdeloba nair-nair etimologiaTa warmodgenisa

da sxvadasxva (megruli, afxazuri, ubixuri, adiGuri, baskuri,

urartuli...) enis monacemebTan -{f}xe

sufiqsis materialuri

dakavSirebisa.

parxlis taZris erT-erT warweraSi (X s.) dadasturebuli

formanti (e. TaKaiSvili) dGes maincdamainc produqtuli

aGar aris _ svanurSi nawilobriv (i. megreliZe) ki ara, aramed

saerTod aGar ixmareba qalis mamiseuli gvaris aGsaniSnavad,

xolo megrulSi, ZiriTadad, toponimebSia SemorCenili.

Cven sagangebod SevamowmeT kodoris (resp. dalis) xeobaSi Cawerili

800 gverdis moculobis teqstebi, sadac arc erTxel

ar Segvxvedria -fxe

fxe'ze daboloebuli leqsema (arc saxeli, arc

zmna an arasrulmniSvnelovani sitKva). ver gaviziarebT `xelmwifis~

n. mariseul segmentaciasa da gaazrebas. ƒelwif

wif-ƒe

misTvis

aris "ооооооо, оооо ооооооо" Jer erTi, svanuris arcerT

dialeqtur am leqsemaSi faringaluri Tanxmovani aGarsad ixmareba,

da meorec, xelwifx{e}/xemwifx{e}/xenwifx{e} (moTx. xel-

wifx{e}-d; mic. xelwifx

wifx{e}-s...) mxolod balsqvemourSi gvxvdeba

(laxamuluri kilokavis gamoklebiT) da aqac xanis gaCenas fonetikuri

safuZveli aqvs (fSvinvier TanxmovanTa momdevno poziciaa

_ Sdr. bz. sakcx, bq. sak{r}cx

cx, lSx. sakac

kac{x}, lnt.

70

sakc `sakace~). rac Seexeba auslautSi -e xmovnis gauCinarebas,

es Cveulebrivi movlenaa svanurSi. garda amisa, Kvela balsqvemour

zGaparSi `xelmwife~ mamakacia, (Sdr. agreTve bq. saxel

xel-

wifx, sadac, raGa Tqma unda, genderuli problema ver dadgeba)...

metad sainteresoa c. bendelianis dakvirveba qvemoimeruli

dialeqtis monacemebze, sadac -xe

sufiqsi, mcireodeni

gamonaklisis garda, ar erTvis leCxumidan, svaneTidan da adigenidan

gadmosaxlebul qalTa gvarebs.

mkvlevarTa umravlesoba saanalizo sufiqsisTvis amosavlad

miiCnevs Zvel qarTul leqsemas mƒevali

(`mona, msaxuri

qali~); sulxan-saba orbelianis azriT, `mƒevali Krmaa; ese ars

qali nasKidi, gina naziTvi~. mƒe > mxe > fxe > xe Cveulebrivi

fonetikuri procesebia qarTvelur enebSi. albaT am sitKvis

semantikaa ganmsazGvreli S. ZiZiguris erTi dakvirvebisTvis:

qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi `saTanado sufiqsacia

axasiaTebs iseT gvarebs, romelTa warmomadgenlebi glexur fenas

ganekuTvnebodnen; aznaurTa Tu TavadTa gvarebs es sufiqsi

ar moudioda~. Tu aqedan amovalT, maSin qalis svanur saxel-

Tan daCqilfx

Cqilfx'Tan kiTxvis niSniT warmodgenili gaazreba akaki

SaniZisa (`dadiSqelianT gombio~?) TiTqos erTi SexedviT sruliad

damaJerebelia, oGond `gombio~-Si svanuri fx… (baKaKi~)

ki ar unda davinaxoT, aramed -fxe

sufiqsisgan momdinare -fx

elementi (Sdr. leCxumur-ayaruli gombio

bio-go

gogo damcirebiT da

ara guruli gombie

_ `baKaKi~), sadac swored auslautSi dakarguli

-e iwvevs winamavali -a- xmovnis umlauts; amasTanave,

daCqil

Cqilfx

zGapruli personajis saxeli ki ar aris, rogorc

es specialur literaturaSia (z. yumburiZe) aGniSnuli, aramed

svaneTis istoriul dokumentebSi dadasturebuli daCq-

il-a-fxe

fxe's Sekvecili varianti. ase rom, XIII-XVIII saukuneTa sagvareulo

mosaxseneblebSi araerTxel warmodgenili `daCqilafxe~

Kvelgan romelime didi feodalis meuGle da svaneTis

mTavris asulia. Tu amasac gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin, cxadia, da-

Cqilfx anTroponims ver gaviazrebT `dadeSqelianT msaxurad~

da verc -fxe

> -fx

sufiqsSi davinaxavT sazogadoebis socialuri

diferencirebis funqcias.

miuxedavad imisa, rom dGes svanur enaSi es sufiqsi qal-

Ta warmomavlobis gvarebs aGar awarmoebs, vfiqrobT, iseTi

formebi, rogoricaa: bedifx

ifx, galdfx, gulifx

lifx/g…ilifx

g…ilifx/

g…inifx, gernifx

nifx, daCqilfx

Cqilfx, derzufx

zufx, elda

darufx

rufx, sidifx

difx,

Jayifx

yifx/Ja

JaJifx

Jifx, girg…lfx, qaldfx (ori ukanaskneli aSkarad

girgvlianisa da qaldanis oJaxebis qalebi arian) da a. S., romlebic

axlac gamoiKenebian svaneTSi anTroponimebad, warmoadgenen

istoriul dokumentebSi dadasturebuli -fxe

sufiqsis

Semcveli onomastikonis anarekls.

ufro metic! _ gardafxaZeTa oficialuri gvaris svanuri

gaformeba g‰lfx‰n kargad asaxavs istoriul viTarebas, sadac

arc gardafxaZe gvxvdeba da arc galfxani, magram gvaqvs

gadra

drafxe

fxe, romelic amosavali unda iKos gardafxaZe/galfxanis-

Tvis: gadra

dra-fxe

> *garda

garda-fxe

> *g‰rd

g‰rd-fxe

> *g‰r

g‰r-fxe

> *g‰l

g‰l-

fxe+an

(svanur oficialur gvarTa morfema) > g‰lfx‰n, Sdr.

Jafr-i-Ze

(kaci), Jafr-i-fxe

fxe (qali), Jafr-‰n (kacic, qalic);

asevea, albaT, *ga

gadra

dra-fx

fx-a-Ze

> garda

rda-fx

fx-a-Ze

(kaci), gadra

dra-fxe

(qali), g‰dr

dr‰n (kacic, qalic).

qvemosvanuri g‰lfx‰n'is msgavsi Cans dGes mestiis onomastikonSi

dadasturebuli mfx‰n

om -xe

sufiqsi mxolod `uZveles zanTa enobrivi kuTvnileba

ar Kofila~, winaaGmdeg specialur literaturaSi (e. TaKaiSvili,

i. megreliZe, o. yurGulia,...) gamoTqmuli mosazrebisa.

iKo Tu ara fxe > xe saerToqarTvelur enaSi an SesaZlebelia

Tu ara mƒeval- fuZis segmentacia, amas damatebiTi kvleva-Zieba

syirdeba. es-esaa gamoqveKnda sruliad originaluri Tvalsazrisi

r. TofCiSvilisa, romelSic formaTa uwinaresoba-Semdgomadobis

qronologiuri gardaqmnebi Sebrunebuladaa warmodgenili

(*fxev

fxev-al

al-i > mxev-al

al-i); fonetika-fonologia rom ar

gviSlides xels, eTnologiuri msJeloba metad sainteresoa.

m a n a n a C a C a n i Z e

dife

feren

renci

ciuli niSa

Sani leqsi

sikog

kogra

rafi

fiaSi

_

IV sasko

skolo

(sa

saswav

swavlo

lo) leqsi

sikon

konTa tipo

polo

logia

leqsikonTa tipebi iqmneba oTxi urTierTdakavSirebuli

koordinatTa sistemiT. es koordinatebia: lingvisturi, fsiqologiuri,

semiotikuri da sociologiuri. maTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi

adastureben, rom leqsikonTa tipologia, faqtobrivad,

aris mecnieruli klasifikacia dafuZnebuli leqsikonis

tipis, rogorc invariantis, idealizebul cnebaze ganpirobebuli

aGniSnuli koordinatTa sistemiT (vrclad ix. m. CaCaniZe,

koordinatTa sistemis cneba leqsikografiaSi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

akademiis arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis institutis

61-e samecniero sesiis masalebi. Tb., 2002, gv. 33-34).

saTanado samecniero literaturis Tanaxmad, am oTxi ur-

TierTdakavSirebuli koordinatTa sistemis warmodgenis sir-

Tulis mixedviT ganasxvaveben akade

demi

miur

da sasko

skolo

leqsikografias.

saskolo leqsikografia, akademiurTan SedarebiT, SeiZleba

ganvsazGvroT, rogorc mcire formebisa da ufro metad

saswavlo mimarTulebis leqsikografia (s. barxudarovi, l. no-

74

vikovi, p. denisovi). vinaidan Koveli konkretuli struqturul-tipologiuri

modeli leqsikonisa moiTxovs saleqsikono

indeqsis (sitKvanis) da metaenis sakuTar formas, akademiuri

da saskolo leqsikonebi gansxvavdebian, upirveles Kovlisa,

sitKvaniTa da metaenobrivi struqturiT. amasTan, saskolo

leqsokografia gansakuTrebul KuradGebas uTmobs meTodologiuri

rigis faqtorebs: swavlebis etaps, moswavlis (adresatis)

mSobliur enas, ena-Suamavals, moswavleTa zogadkulturul

dones da misT. swored amis gamoa, rom saskolo leqsikografias

xSirad ganixilaven rogorc damoukidebel lingvodidaqtikur

disciplinas. sakuTriv lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT

ki saskolo leqsikografia, upirvelesad, leqsikografiis erTerTi

dargia da logikuria, rom saskolo leqsikonTa tipologia,

zogadad, leqsikonTa tipologias efuZneba.

m e r a b C u x u a

daGestnur

tnur-qar

qarTve

Tvelur bgeraT

raTSe

SesatKvi

satKviso

soba

baTa

siste

tema

(sibilantebi

sibilantebi)

mas Semdeg, rac dadginda naxur-qarTvelur bgeraTSesatKvisobaTa

ZiriTadi formulebi, SesaZlebeli Cans daGestnur-qarTvelur

fonemur mimarTebaTa gamovlenac. sibilantur

TanxmovnebSi orgvari regularul-kanonzomieri SesatKvisobani

gamoCndeba: a) qarTveluri sisi

sina

: daGestnuri sisi

sina

na;

b) qarTveluri sisi

sina

: daGestnuri SiSi

Sina

na, rac aseve damaxasiaTebeli

iKo naxur-qarTveluri sibilantebisTvisac. movixmobT

sailustracio masalas orive formulis mixedviT.

I. sisi

sina

: sisi

sina

s.-qarTv. Z ~ s.-daG. Z

(1) s.-qarTv. *ZeZ…- `ZeZvi; kvrinCxi~ (qarT. ZeZ…-i º ZeZv-i,

zan. (laz.) danZ-i ←*ZaZv-i) ~ s.-daG. *ZaZ-(a) `ekali~ (xunZ. zaz,

and. zaz, axv. jaja, yam. zaza, tind. zaza `ekali~, hunz. zˆza,

darg. ZanZi º cácé èkali~, lak. các àskili~, lezg. cáz,

Tab. ZaZa, aG., ruT. zaz, wax. zaza, arC. cac, ud. cac `ekali~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *gaZ- `wvivi~ (qarT. gaz-eb-i `wvivebi~, zan.

goJ-i `muxli~ (→ Zv. qarT. goJ-i), svan. ganz ←*gaz `wvivi~) ~ s.-

daG. *g…aZ- `Cliqi; idaKvi~ (xvarS. guz `idaKvi, darg. ƒ´uc´

←*µuZ `Cliqi, qaCaCi~, aG. ƒ´…ac´ ←*µ…aZ `Cliqi~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *Ziƒ…- `Jixvi; gareuli xari~ (Zv. qarT. Jiƒv-i

←*Ziƒv-i, Sdr. megr. Zixv-i `Jixvi~, zan. Jiq-i ←*Jiqv-i, svan. {Zibra

←*Ziƒ…-ra} `gareuli xari~) ~ s.-daG. *ƒ…aZ-a `mTis Txa~

(xunZ. G…acö, yam. Guncá, tind. G…aCí ùrqo Txa~, darg. ƒáca

º ƒ´aZa `mTis Txa~).

s.-qarTv. c ~ s.daG. c

(1) s.-qarTv. *cit-a `lifsita~ (qarT. ceta `erTgvari patara

Tevzi~, zan. (megr.) citu `lifsiti~) ~ s.-daG. *cit-u

`mweri; baGlinJo~ (xunZ. C´ut `futkari; mweri~, lak. sut

←*cut `tkipa~, lezg. Sut, ruT. SiT, wax. Sin, kriw. Sut, bud.

Sut º Sud `baGlinJo~, Sdr. and. c´uta `nakelis xoyo~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *bic-(a) `qva, miwa~ (qarT. bic-i `miwa mlaSe~

(saba), zan. (megr.) beCa `gamoqvabuli~, svan. beC º bC `qva~) ~ s.-

daG. *bac-(a) `mTa, klde, qva~ (axv. beCa, tind. besa, kar. besa,

bagv. besa `mTa~, bej. bC, hunz. baCa `klde, frialo~, ud. baɺC

`Txeli, mrgvali qva~, xin. …C `saflavis qva~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *bac- º*cab- `Steri, cofi, brma~ (bec-i, bac-i,

boc-i º buc-i, Sdr. cof-i, zan. foC-o `Steri~, svan. li-Cef

`senis SeKra~) ~ s.-daG. *bec- `brma, bneli~ (xunZ. bec´-a-ab,

tind. bec´-u-b, axv. bec´-o-da `brma, bneli~, bej. boc-dio, hunz.

bˆc-du, arC. bes-du ←*bec-du `brma~).

76

s.-qarTv. w ~ s.-daG. w

(1) s.-qarTv. *m-wak-e `mwklarte~ (qarT. mwake, zan. mayik-i,

svan. wakar-a `mwake~) ~ s.-daG. *w´ek- `mjave, mware~ (xunZ. w´ekab,

and. wíku, axv. yíkú-da, tind. cíqú-b, kar. wíkó-b, boTl.

wíkú, bagv. wíkú, God. cíqú `wmaxe~, darg. wik-si º wik…-se

`mjave~, lezg. wiki, arC. weg…-du º wek…- `mware, simware~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *wop- `yipi~ (qarT. wop-i (saba), zan. yip-e º

wip-a, svan. piy ←*yˆp) ~ s.-daG. *wum- `yipi~ (xunZ. w´inu, and.

wúnno, axv. wún.., boTl. wúni, bagv. wúni.., lak. wun, arC. wan,

ud. c´an, xin. wum `yipi~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *w…im- `wvima~ (qarT. wvim-a, wvim-s, zan. yvim-a,

yvin-s `wvims~) ~ s.-daG. *w…ar- `varskvlavi~ (xunZ. w´…a, and.

w´a, axv. w´…ari, kar. w´…a, bagv. w´…ara.., hin. c…a, did. ca,

xvarS., hunz. ca, inx., bej. ca n , darg. zuri º zure `varskvlavi~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *wK-en- `Zala, wKena~ (qarT. wKen-a, zan.

(megr.) yKan-a `Zala~, svan. yKr- `dasusteba, uZlureba~) ~

s.-daG. *waK- `Zala, siZliere~ (xunZ. waK´-, axv. yiK´-, yam. waK´-,

kar. waK´-i `Zlier, Zalian~, did. waK-To…, bej. waK, hin. waK `Zalian~,

lak. waK, darg. waK- `Zala, siZliere~);

(5) s.-qarTv. *webl- `TeTri, fiTri~ (qarT. wabl-a-

`TeTri kvaxis saxeoba~, zan. (laz.) yabu `fiTri~, svan. ybr

`fiTri~) ~ s.-daG. *wab-u `TeTri~ (darg. wub º wuba º wub-ze

`TeTri~, lezg. bay-ux `laqebiani~, bud. yobu `wiTelTmiani~,

arC. yuɺba-T´uT `TeTri~).

s.-qarTv. z ~ s.-daG. z

(1) s.-qarTv. *zar- `Kinva~ (qarT. zr-ob-a, svan. mˆ-jˆr) ~

s.-daG. *zar-i `Kinuli~ (and. zar, axv. jari, yam. z‰, tind. zari,

kar. zare, boTl. zari, bagv. zar, God. zari `Kinuli~,

hunz. jara `Kinuli~, bej. za-l’- `acieba~, lak. zuru-ƒ´aɺni

`Kinulis lolua~, lezg. c´ur ←*Zur `sarkesaviT Kinuli~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *zG…el- `didi wvima~ (qarT. (imer.) zGvel-a

`kokispiruli wvima~, zan. (megr.) zGvar-zGval-i "id", svan.

jGer ←*jG…er `Tavsxma wvima~) ~ s.-daG. *zigol- `wvima; setKva~

(did. zigolu, xvarS. zangeru, bej. holo-Sigi, hunz. belu-Sige

`setKva~, lak. zig `wvima/wvims~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *Te…z- `Tevzi, lifsita~ (qarT. Tevz-i º

Tebz-i, svan. cuz ←*T…z `lifsita~) ~ s.-daG. *Ta…z- º*Taz…-

`baGlinJo~ (and. Tarc´a, yam. Tas´…, God. Tabcu, did. Ta…sa,

hin. Ta…sa, bej. Ta…za `baGlinJo~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *zeg- `zeg~ (qarT. zeg, zan. _, svan. _) ~ s.-

daG. *zaq(…)- `xval~ (did. ziqo `xvalzeiT~, hin. zeq.., Tab. zaqu-r,

aG. saq…a-na `xval~).

s.-qarTv. s ~ s.-daG. s

(1) s.-qarTv. *Kos- `didi kovzi~ (qarT. kos-i `didi Jami~,

svan. K÷S º KoS `kovzi~) ~ s.-daG. *Kos(u) `niCabi, kovzi~ (xunZ.

„…es º „ers, axv. KoSi `niCabi~, lak. ƒ´usa, darg. Kus´a º Kulsa

`kovzi~, lezg. Kusu `niCabi~, Tab., bud. Kasu, kriw. K´su `celi~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *sok-e `soko; kitri~ (qarT. soko º seko, zan.

Su(r)ka º Sˆnka `kitri, nesvi~) ~ s.-daG. *sek-u `soko, abedi~

(xunZ. sák, and. séku, yam. sek…, kar. seku àbedi~, axv. Seku,

tind. séku º seku àbedi, soko~, did. Soku, inx. joko àbedi~,

bej. sako, xvarS. joko `soko~, ud. Saɺmq´al `soko~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *q…as- `cocxi, gacocxva~ (qarT. _, zan. o-

qos-u `gacocxva~, o-qos-al-i/e `cocxi~, svan. q…as º q…‰si `balaxis

cocxi~) ~ s.-daG. *qos- `mka; sayreli mowKobiloba~

(xunZ. qaSu `Tivis sayreli mowKobiloba~, did. qos, bej. qusu‡,

hunz. qoS `mka, kreya, moyra~, arC. qis `Cangali, fiwali~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *som- `puris Seyamandi~ (qarT. som-in-i `didi

puri~ (saba), svan. Sm ←*Sem… ←*S÷m `Gomis Seyamandi; Tav-

Taviani pureuli~) ~ s.-daG. *sum- `puri; Cala~ (xunZ. sum º

Sum, and. suma, axv. Suma, God. suma.., lak. sun `Cala~.., Tab.

Sºum, aG. s´um, ruT. kriw., bud. sum, wax. som, ud. Suɺm `puri~);

(5) s.-qarTv. *s…et- `sveti~ (qarT. svet-i, zan. (laz.)

skvit-i `boZi~) ~ s.-daG. *sut- `saflavis qva; klde~ (did. Sud,

hin. sud, inx. Sud `saflavi~, bej. Sed, hunz. Sed `klde; kayari~,

darg. s´uta `saflavze dadgmuli Zegli, qva~).

78

II. sisi

sina

: SiSi

Sina

s.-qarTv. Z ~ s.-daG. J

(1) s.-qarTv. *girZ-il- `GrZili; Zira kbili~ (Zv. qarT.

grZil-i `GrZili~, zan. Jirgil-i → º JirJil-i `Zira kbili~) ~

s.-daG. *g…arJ-i `Zira kbili; GrZili~ (xunZ. gojo, and. guji,

axv. gorjo, yam. goju, tind. qoju, kar. goja º g…aja `Zireuli

kbili~, did. goju, xvarS. goju, bej. gjo, hunz. go n ju `eSvi~,

lak. qárCí ←*garJi `kbili~, darg. ganji èSvi~, Ganje `GrZili~,

aG. g…arj, arC. gaɺnji `GrZili~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *Zal-/*Zil- `simi; ZarGvi~ (qarT. Zil-i, Zal-i,

zan. (laz.) Jil-, o-Jil-aS-e `bade~, svan. Jˆl º Jil `simi~) ~

s.-daG. *Jar- `kani, tKavi; membrana~ (darg. jer º Jar `tKavi, kani~,

lezg. C´ar `kani~, aG. Jar `membrana xorcSi~, ruT. Jar,

kriw. Jer, xin. Jar `rZis kani, apki~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *Zam-al- `Zma~ (qarT. Zma º Zama, Zamula, Zm-ad-i

`maKari~, zan. Juma º Jˆma º Jima `Zma~, Juma-d-i º Jima-d-i `biZa~,

svan. Jˆmil `Zma disTvis~) ~ s.-daG. *Jam- º *maJ- `naTesavi

(mamr.)~ (xunZ. möj-it¾ `gareTa biZaSvili~, lak. maC´a ←*maJa `na-

Tesavebi (mamr.)~, lezg. C´am ←*Jam `sasiZo, nefe~, Tab., aG. Jam

"id", ruT. Kuɺ-Jm `siZe~, wax. Kaɺ-Jam-ar `ZmaTa colebi erTmane-

Tis mimarT~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *Z(a) `TviTon~ (qarT. vin-Z-i, zan. ar-Zo º

ar-Za `Kvela~, svan. Ji `TviTon~) ~ s.-daG. *Ji `TviTon~ (xunZ.

ji-, and., axv., God. ji-, yam. zi-, kar. je- `TviTon~, did. jo,

hin. zo, xvarS. ju, bej. j‘, hunz. ju, lezg. ju…, ruT., wax.,

kriw. -iJ, arC. inj `TviTon~);

(5) s.-qarTv. *Zeg…- `balaxi, buCqi~ (qarT. Zegv-i º Zigv-a º

Zegv-e, zan. Jagv-i º Jag-i `wvrili Cirgvi~, svan. jag º jg `wamali~)

~ s.-daG. *Jag-a `alublis xe; eklebiani buCqi~ (xunZ. jaga,

and. jaga, axv., God. jagö `alublis xe~, yam. Jaga º jaga, tind.,

kar. Jaga º jaga `alublis xe~, bej. jagi ordo `jolo~, hunz.

jagi `eklebiani buCqi~).

s.-qarTv. c ~ s.-daG. C

(1) s.-qarTv. *mac-al- `mozveri- iremi~ (qarT. (mTiul.)

macal-o `mozveri~, zan. {boCol-a}, svan.laC… ←*maCa… `iremi~) ~

s.-daG. *maC-er- `xbo, mozveri~ (xunZ. beCe `xbo~, and. milCa

`mozveri~, did. meSori, hin. meSiro `mocedi~, lak. baɺrC, aG.

urC ←*…arC, arC. biS `xbo~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *kac- `keci~ (qarT. kec-i, zan. kˆc-i → º kic-i

`keci (Tixis)~, svan. kec → º tkec `saarKe yuryeli~) ~ s.-daG.

*K(…)aC- `Tixis qoTani, sadGvebeli~ (lak. ƒ´aɺCi `rZis safiltri

Tixis qoTani~, lezg. KeC, kriw. KeC `Tixis doqi/qoTani~, Sdr.

lezg. KiC `sadGvebeli~, xin. kuCˆ `mcire xelada~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *ƒac- `mxeci, mxecoba~ (Zv. qarT. m-ƒec-i, na-mƒec-av-i,

Sdr. ƒoc-v-a-, svan. ƒac-a `ngreva~) ~ s.-daG. *ƒaC-a `bo-

Cola~ (lak. ƒaɺCa `boCola~, darg. ƒ´aCa `xbo~, xin. ƒ´iC´-ej ←*ƒiCer

`xbo or wlamde~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *ƒorc- `xorci~ (Zv. qarT. ƒorc-i, zan. xorc-i

←*ƒorc-i, xorc-on-i `xorciani~) ~ s.-daG. *ƒo(n)C-(a) `kani;

tKavi~ (axv. GoCa, tind. GoCa `kani, tKavi; cxvris tKavi~, did.

oSi, hin. x…iSi, xvarS. hi n Se, bej. „Se `tKavi~, inx. he n Se

`cxvris tKavi~, lak. ƒ´aCu `cxvris tKavis qurqi~).

s.-qarTv. w ~ s.-daG. y

(1) s.-qarTv. *waq-(a) `waTxi, Srati~ (qarT. waq-i º waq-a,

zan. wuq-i `svelidan naduGis moxdis Semdeg darCenili siTxe~,

svan. weq… º waq… `wveTi~) ~ s.-daG. *ya(a) `Srati, xseni~

(xunZ. ya„ö, tind. y‰ ←*ya„a, and. ya„a `saxlSi moxarSuli, damzadebuli

ludi~, lak. yu… `xseni~, lezg. w…eh, Tab. y…eh, aG.

y…a, ruT. y…eh `Srati~, arC. noɺ-yo ←*no-yo„ `xsenisgan damzadebuli

saymeli~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *wam- `drois erTeuli~ (qarT. wam-i, zan.

yum-an-i `xval~, o-yum-ar-e `dila~, svan. ham ←*yam `dila~) ~ s.-

daG. *yam- `dro~ (lak. yun `dro~, lezg. ya…, Tab. ye…-en, aG.

ye…-ene, ruT. ye…, wax. yaɺ… `dro; drouli (sakmao)~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *wer-o `wero~ (qarT. wero, zan. yaro, svan.

80

y“r ←*yeru `KarKati~) ~ s.-daG. *yir-u `mwKeri; beGura~ (xunZ.

yorolo `mwKeri~, yam. yoru `Citi, beGura~, tind. yuri-GaGa

`mwKeri~, lak. yiɺlmu `patara Citi~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *war- `kani, garekani~ (qarT. wer-i `nigvzis

kani~, Sdr. osuri (← qarT.) war `kani~, ze-war-i, zan. (megr.)

yˆl-a º yil-a `nigvzis/kaklis garekani~) ~ s.-daG. *yar- `Tma,

safari~ (xunZ. yor, and. yur `cxenis Tma~, hunz. yur `qalis

Tma~, lak. yara º yar‰ `Tma~, lezg., Tab., aG., ruT., xin. yar,

wax. yaɺr, bud., kriw. yer, arC. yarˆ `Tma, safari~).

s.-qarTv. z ~ s.-daG. j

(1) s.-qarTv. *zal-a `wKali (mariliani)~ (qarT. zala (saba),

zan. jver-i `sveli, wKliani~, jvar-u-a `wveTeba, sveleba~,

svan. jˆr- `dasveleba~) ~ s.-daG. *jan-a `wveni; dvrita~ (xunZ. ja

`Gvino~, and. jono `sirofi~, tind., boTl., bagv., God. jana

`Gvino; KurZnis wveni~, did. Sa, xvarS. Sa `Gvino~, lak. jini

`dvrita, kveTi~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *zem- `drois gasvla, jami~ (qarT. da-zm-a,

xan-da-zm-ul-i, zan. jam-, miTa-jam-i `Zveli dro~) ~ s.-daG.

*je(m)- `dGes, axla~ (xunZ. jö-K´a, and. je-lÀal, axv. je-lÀa, kar.

je-l-i `dGes~.., bej. jen-sa `dGes~, hunz. je `axla~), Sdr. afx.

…a-jº¥, abaz. u-j…ˆ `axla~;

(3) s.-qarTv. *zar-d- `zrda~ (qarT. zard-/zrd-a, zan. rd-

←*zrd- `zrda~, svan. rd- ←*zrd- `zrda~) ~ s.-daG. *d-ijin-

`zrda~ (xunZ. r-ij-, axv. r-ij-, yam. r-ijin-, tind. r-iji n -.., bej.

r-ij-, darg. d-uz- `zrda~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *bzek- `wveri~ (qarT. a-bzek-a, zan. (megr.)

bjak-e `wveri~) ~ s.-daG. *mejeg- `wveri, ulvaSi~ (xunZ. meg¡j,

and. migaju, kar. migaj, God. migaju `wveri~, did. meSogla, hin.

boSolka `wveri, ulvaSi~, ud. q´aJ-ux `wverebi~).

s.-qarTv. s ~ s.-daG. s

(1) s.-qarTv. *s…el-(a) `Zlokvi~ (qarT. m-svl-ik-i, sven-i,

fsven-i, zan. (megr.) Svel-a `gvelxokera~, svan. S…l `xvliki~,

S…al-S `xvlikisa~) ~ s.-daG. *Ser-(a) `muclis yia~ (God. S´irka

`muclis yia~, lak. S´ira `askaridi~, darg. Siri, kub. Si…aɺ

`muclis yia~, lezg., Tab., aG. Sar, ruT. Sar-ak, kriw. Ser-b

`muclis yia~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *ask- `askili~ (qarT. askil-i, zan. (laz.)

oSk-i (top.)) ~ s.-daG. *Sek-i º*keS-i `askili~ (yam. yis´ ← k½is,

tind. k½eS´u, bagv. k½eS´…, God. kiS´u.., lezg. Siki, Tab. Ski,

ruT. kaS-kal(-bˆr), wax. kaS-kale `askili~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *mos- `Zafi~ (qarT. mos-, mos-el-i (saba), zan.

moS-, o-moS-ir-i `qselSi siganiT gasavlebi Zafi~) ~ s.-daG.

*muS-(i) `bawari~ (xunZ. muS´ `lafani, xralis bawari~, yam.

nis´u, God. mirS´i `bawari~...);

(4) s.-qarTv. *qurs-l `qusli~ (qarT. qusl-i, xevs. qursl-i,

zan. qu(r)s-i `qusli~) ~ s.-daG. *q…anS(u)- `terfi, fexi, TaTi~

(axv. q…aSi, yam. q…ansá, kar. q…aSa, tind. q…anSá, bagv. q…anSá

`terfi, fexi; TaTi~, xvarS. q…aSu, inx. q…aSu `TaTi, fexi~,

darg. quɺS `fexi~, aG. quS-mul `qaCaCi, Cliqi~).

saKuradGebo Cans saerTokavkasiuri fuZe-enidan momdinare

intensiuri (grZeli) Tanxmovnebis refleqsacia orive Jgufis

enebSi. saerTodaGestnuri c´ da w´ intensivebi ucvlelad

Semogvenaxa xunZur-andiur qveJgufSi, sxvagan c´/w´ sada sibilantebs

SeerwKa, xolo saerToqarTvelur fuZe-enaSi w´ sporadulad

bifonemur wK harmoniul-decesiur kompleqsad

CamoKalibda, Sdr.:

s.-qarTv. *wK

wKon- `muxa~ (qarT. {wKon-}, top. wKn-eT-i, wKnor-i,

zan. yKon-i º ykon-i `muxa~, svan. la-yKor-a `samuxe, muxebi~)

~ s.-daG. *wán- èkali, Gvia~ (xunZ. wíni, and. wána, axv.

wána, tind. cáni, kar. wána, boTl. wána, bagv. wána, God. cáni

`ekali, Gvia~, Tab. wam-wam (redupl.) `askili, kenkra~).

w´ intensivis fSvinvieri c´ korelati Sesabamisad cx kompleqsiT

aris warmodgenili qarTvelur ena-kiloebSi. amgvar

niadagze gaCnda Jgufebs Sorisi bgeraTSesatKvisoba:

(1) s.-qarTv. *recx- `recxva~ (qarT. recx-v-a, sa-rcx-el-i,

zan. o-rCx-u `recxva~, o-rCx-al-i- sa-rcx-el-i, svan. li-rCx-ˆn-e

`wKalSi gavleba~) ~ s.-daG. *d-ic´- º *r-ic´- `recxva~ (xunZ.

r-iC´- `dasveleba~, axv. r-ic´- `wKalSi gamovleba~, yam. r-ic´-

`sveli~, tind. r-iC´- `dasveleba~, kar. r-iC´- `dasveleba~, lak.

r-is´u- ←*r-i-c´u-, darg. d-ic- º d-irc- º -ic `recxva~, wax. o-

ca `siTxis dineba~, xin. rˆc- `recxva~);

(2) s.-qarTv. *m-cx

cx…- `cxoba, cxeleba~ (qarT. cxv-eb-a, na-mcxv-ar-i,

zan. (laz.) mCxv-af-a `cxeli~, v-o-mCx-un-am `vacxeleb~)

~ s.-daG. *b-erc´- `Sewva~ (darg. b-erc´/b-uc´-a, lezg. b-uc-, aG.

uc-, ruT. b-isa-, wax. ƒ-ec-, bud. ƒ´-as-, arC. sesa- (redupl.) `Sewva,

wva~);

(3) s.-qarTv. *dercx

cx- `simsuqne~ (qarT. drencx-i `msuqani

da zanti~, svan. dcx º dacx º dcx-… `simsuqne~) ~ s.-daG.

*darc´- `msuqani~ (Tab. darc´, aG. darc´ `msuqani~);

(4) s.-qarTv. *cx

cxam- `GvarZli~ (qarT. sxam-i ←*cxam-i, zan.

(laz.) Cxam-i `Sxami~, svan. cxam `GvarZli~) ~ s.-daG. *c´im- `brazi~

(xunZ. cín, and. sím, axv. sími, yam. sím, tind. sími, kar.

síme, boTl. sími, bagv. sím, God. sími, did. semi, hin. seme,

xvarS. semi, bej. simo, junz. sˆmi, lak. s´i, darg. sume, lezg.,

Tab., aG., ruT. seb, arC. s´am `brazi~).

s.-qarTv. cx ~ s.-daG. c´

82

p a a t a c x a d a i a

zogi megru

gruli topo

poni

nimis marTe

Tebu

buli

ganmar

marte

tebi

bisa

saTvis

(no

noyade

deni

ni, okvan

vanti

tieSi

Si,

Sona

nayae

ae, xirze

zeni

ni, nafa

faro

roni

ni, okue da sxv.)

samegrelos regionuli toponimiis masalebis gamocemis

erT-erTi pirveli cda iKo givi eliavas `abaSisa da gegeykoris

raionebis toponimika~ (Tb., 1977). zog SemTxvevaSi toponimTa

amosavali fuZeebis ganmarteba swori da misaGebia, magram

wigns Tavidan bolomde gasdevs ori mniSvnelovani nakli: a.

toponimebi dasaxelebulia saxeldebul obieqtTa gansazGvrisa

da lokalizaciis gareSe; b. toponimTa ganmartebani araiSvia-

Tad Sors dgas yeSmaritebisagan. davasaxelebT zog SemTxvevas:

1. noyade

deni

ganmartebulia rogorc `nasamyedlari~ (ix.

gv. 101, 179). sinamdvileSi toponimis Tavdapirvel mniSvnelobasTan

arafer SuaSia samyedlo da amosavalia botanikuri nomeni

yadia

(yadie, yadio), rac aGniSnavs erTgvar sokos, rZians,

sakvebad vargiss (Sdr.: imer. yado

do, yadua

_ sokoa erTgvari;

gur. yada

da, yada

da-i _ myada; balaxeuli mcenare; soko). megrulSi

yadia yadisyadicaa (e.i. fetvi).

2. okvan

vanti

tieSi

`saixve~ (gv. 106). amgvari ganmartebac axlos

dgas e.w. cruxalxur etimologiasTan da emKareba toponimsa

da amosaval fuZed sagulvebel leqsemas Soris ramdenime

bgeris identurobas. am SemTxvevaSic etimoni warmoadgens botanikur

nomens. kvanti

tila

erTgvari tkbilZirxvniani mcenarea,

romelic a. maKaSvilis `botanikur leqsikonSi~ dasaxelebulia

rogorc qarTuli buskanturas megruli semantikuri ekvivalenti

(Sdr.: ray. kvantila, imer. skvantila). amave fuZes Seicavs

toponimi okvantilec (CxorowKus r-ni, sof. nafiCxovo). b.-m.

TqmaSi amosaval fuZes miuGia forma kvantia (kvantila kvantiáa

kvantia o-kvanti-e-Si).

3. Sona

nayae

ae `svanis yala~ (gv. 118). am mikrotoponimSi So-

na adgilis saxelia (da ara eTnonimi). rogorc Cans, igi warmo-

84

iqmna Sonurona formis haplologiiT: Sonuri (KurZnis JiSia)

Sonurona Sona. rogorc cnobilia, sxva enidan toponimis

gadmoGebisas orfuZiani toponimis pirveli komponenti, romelic

TviTon warmoadgens toponims, ar iTargmneba. maSasadame

Sonayae niSnavs `Sonas yalas~.

4. nafa

faro

roni

Targmnilia rogorc `nafulari, naKidi~ (gv.

131). cxadia, avtorisaTvis amosavalia sitKva fuli. faqtobrivad

ki toponimis fuZea faro

roni

ni, rac niSnavs: 1. tevri, xSiri

tKe; 2. simindis fuCeCis Sesanaxi an TavTavebis gasaSrobi naliaseburi

nageboba. amgvar farduls, Cveulebriv, KanaSive dgamdnen.

5. xirze

zeni

`saxizari~ (gv. 140). saxeldebuli obieqti

mdebareobs taleris Temis sakrebulos sof. nobulevis SemogarenSi

da warmoadgens sammxriv ferdobebiT SemosazGvrul vaketafobs.

ferdobebi CamorGveul- CamoSlil-Camorecxilia. swored

amgvari obieqti aGiniSneba sazogado saxeliT xiiri

ri. maSasadame:

xiiri xiiriS rzeni xirzeni.

6. okue `sakue~ (gv. 57, 147). saxeldebuli obieqti, romelic

wignis avtoris mier araa lokalizebuli, warmoadgens xevs

md. laxvaSiis marcx. mxares (sof. ledgebe) da mas ewodeba okvie//okue.

am xevSi xarobs mxalSi gasarevi balaxeuli mcenare kvio.

a. maKaSvili qarT. tKiuras semantikur ekvivalentebad Tvlis ray.

kvliavs da megr. kvies. am mcenares imerul dialeqtSic kvliavi

ewodeba. maSasadame, okue aris `sakvliavo~ (da ara `sakue~).

7. CeSo

Sona

`TeTri svanuri~ (gv. 100, 112, 116, 147). amas

mosdevs informatoriseuli swori ganmarteba (`aq maGali

Txmelisa da xurmis xeebze miSvebuli Kofila TeTri oJaleSis

JiSis vazi. amitom am vels CeSonas eZaxdnen~ da TviT avtoric

180-e gverdze saxelwodebis motivacias sworad warmogvidgens:

`CeSona _ CeSi Kofila maGlarze~). maSasadame, CeSi (vazis Ji-

Si) CeSona. avtori sxva SemTxvevebSic aseve mcdarad ganmartavs:

uCaSo

Sona

`Savi svanuri~ (gv. 89), kolo

loSo

Sona

`mware svanuri~

(gv. 155). samwuxarod, amgvari araswori ganmartebani avtorze

miTiTebiT gaparula o. qaJaias fundamentur `megrulqarTul

leqsikonSic~, sadac vkiTxulobT: `Ce

CeSo

Sona

botan. va-

zis JiSia~ (t. 3, gv. 301); `uCa

uCaSo

Sona

_ botan. vazis JiSia er-

Tgvari~ (t. 3, gv. 761). Sdr. swori ganmarteba: `ko

kolo

loSi

botan.

vazis JiSia erTgvari Savi KurZnisa~ (t. 2, gv. 156). saqmegreloSi

vazis JiSTa erTi nawilis saxeli warmoqmnilia Kur-

Znis JiSis an gemos gamomxatveli sitKvisagan naTes. brunvis

niSnis (-Si) darTviT: Ce (`TeTri~) CeSi `TeTrisi (vazis Ji-

Sia. isxams TeTr KurZens) CeSona `CeSis venaxi~; uCa `Savi~

uCaSi `Savisa~ (vazis JiSia. isxams Sav KurZens) uCaSona

`uCaSis venaxi~; kolo `mware~ koloSi `mwaresi~ (vazis Ji-

Sia. KurZens momwaro gemo aqvs) koloSona `koloSis venaxi~

da sxv. (yiTaSi yiTaSona, dGundGuSi dGunduSona...).

8. nami

miko

koáu wignis 136-e gverdze `ganmartebulia~ rogorc

`nakolari~(?!). cxadia, leqsikonis avtori eKrdnoba erTerTi

informatoris gadmocemas, rom aq amzadebdnen koloebs

_ patara surebs da adgilsac amitom daerqva nakoáu. magram

ra viKoT na- prefiqssa da savaraudebel fuZes Sua `Cakvexebul~

-mi

komponents. an ras niSnavs nakolari? sinamdvileSi,

mikrotoponimi warmoqmnilia gvarsaxelisagan: nikola(va) nanikolu

`nikolavas nacxovrebi adgili~ namikolu (disimilacia:

n-n n-m) namikoáu (b.-m. TqmaSi). soflis oficialuri

saxelwodebaa namikolavo (namikolavo pirveli _ Tamakonis

TemSi da namikolavo meore _ didi yKonis TemSi).

9. oGayue

erTgan ganmartebulia rogorc `Gayuebis (gvaria)

ubani~ (gv. 151 Tumca gvarisagan ubnis saxelebis sawarmoeblad

megrulSi gamoiKeneba le- da sa- prefiqsebi, o ki _

araviTar SemTxvevaSi). magram ociode gverdis Semdeg avtori

dasaxelebuli toponimis mniSvnelobas ganmartavs rogorc `sakreyi,

saparsi~ (gv. 176). amgvari ganmarteba ki sworia: oGayue

ewodeba wKarosa da mindors kurzus satKeo zonaSi, sadac,

Cveni informatoris gadmocemiT, `kreydnen cxvars mTis saZovrebidan

dabrunebis Semdeg. mosaxerxebeli adgilia, kldeSi

momwKvdeuli, aqvea wKaroc~. maSasadame, oGayue marTlac

aGniSnavs `sakrey adgils~ (da ara Gayuebis ubans).

86

a l e q s i y i n y a r a u l i

`ve

vefxistKaos

fxistKaosnis

nis~ avto

toris sada

dauro

robis saki

kiTxi

Txisa

saTvis

(he

heru

ruli mimGeobe

bebi

bi `ve

vefxistKao

fxistKaosan

sanSi

Si~)

moqmedebiTi da vnebiT gvarebis mimGeobebze msJelobisas

akad. a. SaniZe brZanebs: `ga

gamqce

mqcevi

vi. gamqcevi da wamqcevi oriv

GmerTs exveweboden~... gamqcevia, vinc gaiqceva, wamqcevia, vinc

waaqcevs, maSasadame, `gamqcevi~ vnebiTi gvaris mimGeobaa, `wamqcevi~

ki _ moqmedebiTisa, magram orive erTnairadaa gaformebuli.

mimwe

mwevi

vi. zemore damowmebuli andaza vaja-fSavelas aseTi

saxiT mohKavs: `gamqcevi da mimwevi _ oriv GmerTs exvewebodao~...

am SemTxvevaSi mimwevia is: vinc mieweva, vinc cdilobs,

rom miewios, maSasadame, piriani zmna vnebiTia~ (1. 603-604).

moqmedebiTi da vnebiTi gvarebis mimGeobebis erTi da

imave formiT gamoxatva imdenad Cveulebrivi movlena Kofila

qarTuli enis herul

(dGevandel _ ingi

gilo

lour

ur) kiloSi, rom

es formebi Semonaxulia `vefxistKaosnis~ enaSi da, raGa Tqma

unda, ingilourSi. ganvixiloT zogi maTgani.

1. avTandili eubneba tariels:

`mognaxes, gZebnes Kovelgan, maT ruka dauweria,

ver naxes Seni naxu

xuli

verca Kma, verca beria~ (286;

291/289).

aris ikiTxvisi _ mnaxavi (EGHJKOT) da T 1 -Si mnaxveli-c,

magram ZiriTad xelnawerTa umravlesobaSi ikiTxeba naxuli da,

sruliad kanonierad, ibeydeba es forma. Zvel gamocemebSi (b q

kar a b y w) daibeyda naxuli, mnaxavi daibeyda kak in 57 gamocemebSi.

es formebi maTi bunebrivi SinaarsiT `vefxistKaosnSic~

arsebobs: `missa mnaxavsa naxu

xuli

aGara moewonebis~ (696;

701/699) da sxva, magram zemoT damowmebul konteqstSi `naxuli~

aris `mnaxavi~, `mnaxveli~. avtori aseTive gagebiT am for-

mas sxvaganac iKenebs. viTom meliq-surxavis Svilis sacoled

rom miiKvanes nestan-dareJani:

viT mzeman, misni myvretelni Seqmnna Tvalisa mfaxvelad;

mefaman brZana: &gamxada naxu

xuli

me unaxvelad,

GmrTisagan kide vinmc iKo kaci amisad msaxvelad!@ (1176;

1180).

aq ikiTxvisebi aGara gvaqvs, magram taepSi misi sapirispiro

unaxvelad gvidasturebs, rom `naxuli~ aqac `mnaxvels~ niSnavs.

amave zmnis sxva formebiT amas adasturebs rusTvelis

mSobliuri heruli (resp. ingilouri) dialeqti:

`na

nanax

nax mnaxveli, naxuli. emi nanax (xazgasma aqac da qvemo-

Tac Cemia, a. y.) heCminam ara (amis mnaxve

veli

aravin araa); sizmar

nanax

nax qali (sizmris mnaxve

veli

qali)~, magram: `Cem nanax

nax sizmar

gamcxarevÆ (Cemi naxu

xuli

sizmari amxdomia)~. da kvlav: `e

qal er lamaz qal Kofil, heCminam nanax

nax rum ar Kofil (es qali

iseTi lamazi Kofila, rom aseTis mnaxve

veli

sruliad aravin

Kofila)~ (2. 343-344).

imave zmnis da- preverbiani mimGeobebi: `da

dana

nanax

nax damnaxveli,

danaxuli. er lamaz gada qnil, rum dana

nanaxs

naxs Tol dahCev

(iseTi lamazi vaji gamxdara, rom damnax

mnaxvels

Tvali zed darCeba).

magram: `ees dana

nanax

nax ram ara dénéaze (es qveKanaze arna

naxu

xu-

li ramea)~ (2. 146).

saerTo fonisaTvis vnaxoT ingilouris zogi sxva zmnis

mimGeobac. `ma

manad

nadèv 1. anTebuli, mokidebuli; 2. amnTebeli,

momkidebeli; 3. mosakidebeli, asanTebi. `lamfa manad

nadèv ram

sadaa?~ (3). dana

namarx

dammarxavi; damarxuli. _ Sél ar maq,

zma ar maq, heCminam ar maq (aravin ar mKavs), Cem dana

namarx

min

saqnelÆa? (Cemi dammar

marxa

xavi

vin iqneba?); mo, amovaTxrevnoT imi

dana

namarx

adgil, iqnev exlac Sig mTelÆ (modi amovaTxrevinoT

is adgili, sadac isaa damar

marxu

xuli

li, iqneb axlac Sig cocxalia).

88

2. ra yiri kacsa sofelman mouTmos mouTminaman,

qacvi lerwamman, zafrana imsgavsos ferad minamaman,

avTandil misman mxsenebman Gawvi cremliTa mina

man,

wvrilad uambo ambavi man, misman monas

nasmi

mina

naman

(686;

691/689)

`misi monasmina~ anu tarielis ambis momsme

msmene

neli

aris av-

Tandili. es mimGeobac gaxlavT heruli da igi Semounaxavs im

kilos memkvidre ingilours:

`ma

manas

nasmen

men, danas

nasmen

msmeneli, Kuris damgdebi. _ sam vaSl

mamces, erT Senze movaqdi (|| moaqdi || moaqondi) (SenTvis momqonda),

erT _ naGil-naqnaribe (zGapris mTqmelisaTvis), erT

_ manas

nasme

meni

nibe

(msmenelisTvis); haqTon hKéri, danas

nasmen

minaa?

(ramdens vKviri, magram Kuris damgdebi vinaa?)~ (2. 91).

zogi ram kvlav zogadi fonisaTvis vTqvaT. SehKris sxvas

garda, `vefxistKaosanSi~ niSnavs _ `Seaxvedrebs~, `SeaerTebs~:

`[GmerTma] aGar SegKarna, gagKarna, xeli gqmna cremlTa dadeniT!~

(927; 930/931); `gvale, SegKri, lomo, mzesa, Tavi misken

are, mare!~ (1527; 1531/1532). Sesabamisad aris mimGeoba

SemKreli

li: `[asmaTi] Tqveni SemKreli

li, msaxuri, Sengan Girsqmnili

xmobisa~ (896; 900/899). vinc viGacas `gahKares~ an

`gaeKara~ misi Sesabamisi mimGeobaa gaKrili

li, romelic mxolod

erTxel dasturdeba tesqtSi: `iqa gaKrilni

miJnurni munamca

SeviKareniT~ (879; 883/882).

amis nacvlad ixmareba gamKreli

li: misTa gamKrelTa

daazrobs

(975; 978); misTa gamKrelTa

nakadi Casdis sisxlisa Gvarisa

(1320; 1325); gamoemarTa tariel, gamKrelni

cremlsa

Gvridesa (1441; 1446/1447)...

rusTvelisTvis sruliad bunebrivi es formebi abnevs

rogorc poemis gadamwerebs, ise dGevandel redaqtor-gamomcemlebs.

tarieli ambobs nestan-dareJanze:

`aw mikvirs, misi

gamKreli

guli mic kldisa tinisa~

(417; 422). aris amisi aseTi variantebi: 3 xelnawerSi _ misi

gaKrili

li, rac Kvelaze ufro upriani Cans, magram 8 xelnawerSi

ikiTxeba misi

gamKreli

li, rac, rogorc vnaxeT, rusTveluri SesitKvebaa

da mas aqvs amis analogiuri taepi:

`marTal-a Seni

gamKreli

Tvali

li, Tu cremlsa Gvridesa~

(1012; 1016)... amas tarieli eubneba fridons gamomSvidobebisas.

sadavo taepi bolo, 1988 wlis akademiur gamocemaSi ase

daibeyda: `aw mikvirs, missa

sa gamKrelsa

guli mic kldisa tinisa~

(417; 422/419). am ikiTxviss mxolod erTi xelnaweri uyers

mxars. oqmi ar aris da ar vici, riT amarTlebs redaqcia am

ikiTxvisis upiratesobas.

3. daTqmul dros misul avTandils tarieli adgilze ar

daxvda, igi SeSfoTebulia; asmaTi cdilobs mis damSvidebas da,

sxvaTa Soris, eubneba:

`JerT misi msgavsi sasJeli arca vis ambad smenia:

ara Tu kacTa

Ta, sasJeli qvaTaca SesaZ

saZrwe

rwenia

nia...~ (847;

851/850).

mimaCnia, rom xazgasuli ikiTxvisebi ar ekuTvnis poemis

avtors.

a) ara Tu, dGevandeli TavlsazrisiT am ikiTxviss araferi

syirs dasawunari da swored es aGZravs eyvs, ratom, saidan

gaCnda es variantebi: Tu ara ar _ ABM, aramTu _ F, Tvara da

_ H, Tvaramar _ J, Tvara ar _ KOTY, Tu ar ar D 1 , ara Tu _

CDERWX. ZiriTad xelnawerTa umravlesoba (6) `ara Tu~-s

uyers mxars da akademiurma gamocemebmac is dabeydes [ZiriTad

xelnawerTagan eqvss (NPQSZ-s) es strofi aklia].

rogorc mkiTxvels moexseneba, nawilakebi `Tu~ da `ar~,

rogorc sxva sitKvebTan ise erTmaneTTan kontaqtSi Zalian

xSirad gvxvdeba poemis teqstSi: `ara Tu~ aGmoCnda mxolod

am- da 1564, 1569 strofebSi, romelTa CanarTobaze calke mogviwevs

msJeloba. zemore damowmebul ikiTxvisTagan avtografidan

momdinared mimaCnia sami ZiriTadi da sando (ABM) xelnaweris

Cveneba: Tu ara ar kacTa

Ta: pirvel gadamwerTagan erT-erTma

Tvara

ra-s magier SecdomiT dawera Tu ara, riTac taeps marcvali

moemata da sxva ikiTxvisebic gaCnda. SeadareT analogiuri

90

Secdomebi: `Tva

Tvara

vismc eqmna gvarliTa Sekrva Tavisa mrTelisa!~

(254; 258/257). ikiTxvisebi: Tu arca vismca _ E, Tu ar

vismca _ FXZ, Tu ar vismc _ N.

b) absoliturad Kvela xelnawerSi ikiTxeba SenaZ

naZrwe

rwenia

da, ra Tqma unda, es aris rusTveliseuli, herul-ingilouri

forma. SesaZ

saZrwe

rwenia

ikiTxeba mxolod D 1 -Si da axalma komisiam

es miiCnia avtografiseulad, xolo a. SaniZisa da al. baramiZis

1966 wlis gamocemaSi daibeyda a. SaniZis konieqtura _ SemaZ

maZ-

rwenia

nia.

angariSi gauwies xelnawerTa dajinebul Cvenebas da Se-

naZrwe

rwenia

dabeydes: brosem, CubinaSvilma, qarTveliSvilma, kariyaSvilma,

kakabaZem da abulaZem; SesaZ

saZrwe

rwenia

_ yiyinaZem, ingoroKvam,

wereTelma da 1957 w. gamocemis redkolegiam. xelnawerTa

Cvenebasac rom Tavi davaneboT, versad wauvalT kiTxvas:

Tu poetis avtografSi ewera sruliad gasagebi SesaZrwenia an

SemaZrwenia, saidan da rogor gaCnda Teqvsmetidan cxra Ziri-

Tad xelnawerSi (ADCDEFMWX), romlebsac es strofi Semounaxavs.

SenaZrwenia? Kvela gadamnusxveli xom heri ar iKo, rom

misi dialeqtis mixedviT `gaemarTa~ geniosi poetis teqsti?

umravles xelnawerTa monacemis dausabuTeblad ignorireba

teqstologiuri principis darGveva da teqstis avtoris SeuracxKofaa.

didad samwuxarod, `vefxistKaosnis~ teqstSi aseTi

darGvevebi Jer kidev bevria. am mimarTulebiT muSaoba grZeldeba

da, me mgonia, perspeqtiuladac. axla ki mimaCnia, rom ganxiluli

taepi unda daibeydos ase: `Tva

Tvara

ar kacTa

Ta, sasJeli

qvaTaca SenaZ

naZrwe

rwenia

nia~.

damow

mowme

mebu

buli

lite

tera

ratu

tura

1. a. SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tbilisi,

1953 w.

2. r. GambaSiZe, qarTuli enis ingilouri kilos leqsikoni,

Tbilisi, 1988 w.

3. n. rostiaSvili, ingilouri leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1978 w.

n i n e l i y o x o n e l i Z e

marag

rag- sitKvis isto

tori

riisa

saTvis

qarTulSi marag

rag- fuZian omonimur sitKvaTa erT-erT

cals warmoadgens Semdegi mniSvnelobis mara

ragi

`rac momavalSi

gamoKenebis mizniT aris dagrovebuli, Sesanaxavad gadadebuli~.

mag.: bunebrivi gamoKenebiTi simdidre, codnis maragi,

sitKvebis maragi.

ganmartebiT bargi barg- iaraGi, sayurveli, mara

ragi

gia (mz.

andronikaSvili).

Cveni azriT mara

ragi

← margi

º margebeli `sargeblobis momtani,

gamosadegi~.

samecniero literaturis mixedviT margi

ase iSleba m-a-

rg-i (b. JorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m. beriZe).

migvaCnia rom margi

sasubieqto mimGeobaa. ma- prefiqsia,

rg _ (rgeba) ki saerTo qarTveluri Ziria (h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe),

xolo fuZeSi a-s gaCena semantikuri diferenciaciiT

unda iKos gamowveuli. Sdr. meisari da meisre; meJvre da meJvare;

mzardi da mzrdeli...

n i n o x a x i a S v i l i

cisart

sartKelas

aGmniS

mniSvne

vneli leqsi

siki

kisa

saTvis

qarTul

TulSi

`Seiswavlo ena, misi awmKo da warsuli kulturasa da

mis istoriasTan kavSirSi _ es niSnavs, Seiswavlo Kvelaze arsebiTi,

Kvelaze faseuli, rac gvaqvs enaSi, rogorc sazogadoebriv

movlenaSi~ (arn. Ciqobava).

cnobilia, rom nebismier enaSi pirobiTad SeiZleba ori

fena gamoiKos: miTosuri da istoriuli. pirveli (anu miTosu-

92

ri) asaxavs simboloebad gardaqmnil garesamKaros, meore ki

(istoriuli) _ Sesabamisi sazogadoebrivi formaciisaTvis damaxasiaTebel

realiebs aqcevs enobriv sinamdviled. `miTosuri

azrovnebis~ gamovlineba (arsebiTad) _ es aris garesamKaros

konkretul movlenaTa aGqma simboluri ganzogadebebis saxiT

da maTi gardaqmna Sesabamis gamoxatulebebad. enaSi xdeba mi-

Tologiuri transformacia adreuli kosmogoniuri warmodgenebisa.

amis naTeli magaliTia cisart

sartKela

ela:

materialur

samKaroSi arsebobs Svidferi rkali, romelic Cndeba mzis mopirdapire

mxares wvimis wveTebSi mzis sxivebis gardatexiT.

esaa obieqturi, realuri monacemi, romlis Sesabamisi leqsikuri

erTeulebi sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxvagvar motivaciazea agebuli

(formis, feris da a. S. mixedviT). qarTuli enobrivi sinamdvilisaTvis

igi c i s s a r t K e l i a, `ci

cisart

sartKela

ela~ (zan.-

megr. caSort

SortKaf

afu, svan. deceS

lartK || dece lartK). ci-

sartKelas

sinonimebad leqsikonebSi dadasturebulia mSvil-

di, cis mSvildi

di, irise

se. mag., sulxan-sabas `sitKvis kona~: `ci

ci-

sartKela

(cisartKeli BC) cis mSvildi... keTili niSania mravalgzis

misi gamoCineba. n. irise, cis-mS‚ldi...~

sagulisxmoa niko CubinaSvilis ganmarteba: `cis

cismSvil

mSvildi

mdabiurad cisartKela, berZulad irise, nawvimarzed Grubel-

Ta Soris gardavlebuli kamara ferad-feradad Semkobili (dabad.

9-13, 14) оооо, оооооо~ (n. Cubin., qarT. leqsik. rus. TargmaniTurT).

am ganmartebaSi `mdabiurad~, SesaZloa niko CubinaSvili

gulisxmobs arasaliteraturo, cocxal metKvelebas,

radganac bibliis uZveles qarTul xelnawerebSi Kvelgan

`mS

mS‚ldi

dasturdeba: `[hrqua ufalman GmerTman noves:]...

mS‚ldsa

Cemsa davsdeb GrubelTa Sina da iKos saswaulad

aGTqumisa Cemisa Soris Cemsa da Soris Tquensa. da iKos, rajams

movavlino Grubeli queKanasa da gamoCndes mS‚ldi

igi Cemi

GrubelTa Sina. da moviƒseno aGTquma igi Cemi...~ (dabad. 9,

13-15).

`da vixile angelozi Zlieri, gardamomavali zeciT, da

emosa Grubeli, da irise, romel ars mS‚ldi cisa

sa ber-

Zulebr, iKo Tavsa zeda missa; da piri misi, viTarca mze...~

(gamocx. 10, 1)... da sxv.

xevsurul dialeqtSi cisartKelas `mSvild

mSvild-isa

isara

rani

ni~ ewodeba:

`mSvild

mSvild-isa

isaran

Camadges, etKob, akarebas apirobs (Sdr.

a. San.: mSvild-isarani)~ (al. yiny., xevs. leqsik.).

akaki SaniZe mTis kiloTa leqsikonSi, romelic erTvis

dialeqtur teqstebs, wers: `mSvild

mSvild-isa

isari

ƒ., mari

riamis

sartKeli

gud., mT. moƒ., TiT-be

beyeda

T. cisartKela~... iqve:

`ma

mari

riamis sartKeli

gud., moƒ., mari

riemis sartKeli

mT.,

mSvild-isa

isara

fS., mSvild-isa

isarani

ƒ., ƒaƒmatSi (ƒevsureTSi)

gavigone cis girkala, magram uarKofen~ (ak. San. I).

akaki SaniZe xevsurul mSvild-isa

isarans

(`cisartKelas~

mniSvnelobiT) wova-TuSuris kalkad miiCnevs, Tumca SesaZlebelia,

aGniSnuli leqsikuri erTeulebi sxvadasxva enaSi damoukideblad

iKos damkvidrebuli.

daviT da niko qadagiZeebis `wova-TuSur-qarTul-rusul

leqsikonSi~, romelic arnold Ciqobavas redaqtorobiTaa

gamocemuli 1984 wels, cisart

sartKelas

SesatKvisia wov.-TuS. da-

le n

atK-wa

waqi

qi, sadac dale

n aris GmerTi~, atK-wa

waqi

`mSvild-isrebi~,

e. i. sitKva-sitKviT `GvTis mSvild-isrebi~.

cisartKela, rogorc GmerTis (anda cis, angelozebisa da

sxva zeciuri arsebebis Tu movlenebis) iaraGi (mSvildi), niSani,

gza, TaGi (an rkali) da a. S. aisaxeba sxvadasxva xalxis mi-

Tologiur da religiur gadmocemebsa da enaSi, eris enobrivi

cnobierebis Sesabamisad.

94

l a l i x u y u a

reli

ligi

giur termin

minTa asaxva rusul ganmar

marte

tebiT

da TargmniT leqsi

siko

koneb

nebSi

1. rusul marTlmadideblur saeklesio terminTa leqsikonis

mixedviT «ооооооооо – оооооооо» didi asoTi iwereba

GvTisa da GvTismSoblis saxelebi, agreTve is nacvalsaxelebi

da zedsarTavi saxelebi, romlebic maT miekuTvnebian. aseve iwereba

arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelebi (arsebiTis mniSvnelobiT),

romlebic aGniSnaven ufals da GvTismSobels:

оооооооооооо, ооооооооо, оооооооо, оооооооооо…

2. angelozTa dasis aGmniSvneli sitKvebi iwereba agreTve

didi asoTi: оооооо, ооооооооо, ооооо ооооооооо, оооо оооооооо…

aseve iwereba im Jvris aGmniSvneli sitKvebi, romelzec macxovari

iKo gakruli: ооооооо о оооооооооооо ооооо, ооооо оооооооо…

Kvela sxva SemTxvevaSi iwereba patara asoTi: ооооо оо оооо

ооооо ооооооо (ооооооооо), ооооооо оооо ооооооо…

3. eklesiis aGmniSvneli sitKvebi iwereba didi asoTi:

оооооо ооооооо, оооо оооооооо, agreTve eklesiis saxelwodebebi:

оооооооооо оооооооооооо ооооооо da sxva konfesiis eklesiebic:

оооооооооооо ооооооо, оооооооооооооо оооооо…

4. wmindanTa dasaxelebebi _ patara asoTi: оооооооо,

оооооооо, ооооооооо, ооооооооооо… eklesiis mTavarTa titulebi

da mimarTvis formebi _ didi asoTi: ооооооооо о оооооооооооо

ооооооооо-оооооооо оооо оооооо, ооооооооо оооо ооооооо… ооо

оооооооооооо, ооо оооооооооооооооооооо…

5. didi asoTi: 1. Kvela sauflo dGesaswauli: ооооо,

оооооо ооооо, оооооооо оо оооо ооооооооо оооооооооо… 2. marxvebis

dasaxelebebi: ооооооо оооо… 3. wminda werilis wignebis saxelwodebebi:

оооооо оооооо, ооооо, ооооо… 4. Svidive saidumlos

saxelwodebebi: оооооооо ооооо…

6. es principi ZiriTadad daculia Zvel leqsikonebSi: _

dalis rusuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi, CubinaSvilis qar-

Tul-rusul leqsikonSi da darGveulia revoluciisSemdgom

gamocemebSi: uSakovis, ojegovis da sxva ganmartebiT Tu TargmniT

leqsikonebSi.

7. axal qarTul-rusul leqsikonSi, romelic mzad aris

gamosacemad, aGdgenilia zemoTCamoTvlili orTografiuli wesebi.

n i n o J o r b e n a Z e

-av

/ -eb

/ -ob Temis niSan

SanTa monac

nacvle

vleobi

bisa

saTvis

qarTu

Tuli enis dialeq

leqteb

tebSi

1. rogorc cnobilia, saliteraturo enis -eb

TemisniSniani,

pirveladi masdarebisagan nawarmoebi (jik

jikji

jikebs

kebs, jrikjri

jri-

kebs, bardGalebs, titKinebs) zmnebis Sesabamis dialeqtur

formebSi Temis niSnad umetesad -ob

dasturdeba. Sdr.:

sali

lite

tera

ratu

turo

dialeq

leqturi

kakanebs kakanobs

yikyikebs yikyikobs

caxcaxebs cixcixobs

yiyKinebs Kiyinobs

yuyKunebs KuKunobs

Grutunebs GruCunobs

samagierod, -eb

Temis niSani SenarCunebulia aqtivebisagan

piris klebiT miGebul formebSi: akvar

varkva

kvalefs

(akankalebs),

aZanZga

Zgalefs

(aZagZagebs).

2. rogorc zemoT ukve aGvniSneT, dialeqtebSi -ob

Temis

niSani, ZiriTadad, -eb

mawarmoeblis nacvlad gamoiKeneba, Tumca

xandaxan am dros saliteraturo qarTulSic -ob

gvaqvs:

sali

lite

tera

ratu

turo

dialeq

leqtu

turi

cqvitobs cqiturobs

borialobs forialofs

fxakurobs fxakurofs (-ob

> -of

of)

3. saintereso suraTi ikveTeba saliteraturo enisa da dialeqtebis

a(v)-ob

da -ob

TemisniSnian formaTa mimarTebisas:

96

erTi mxriv, saliteraturo qarTulSi gvaqvs mxolod a(v)-

ob (yKum

yKumpa

pala

laobs

obs, KurKumela

laobs

obs), dialeqtebSi (amave Zireb-

Tan) _ sufiqsi -ob

(yKam

yKampa

palofs

lofs, Kuryu

yuma

malofs

lofs); meore mxriv,

saliteraturo qarTulSi fuZe mxolod -av

Temis niSniT aris

warmodgenili (fri

frinavs

navs), xolo dialeqtebSi igive forma a(v)-

ob warmoebiT dasturdeba (frin

frin-a(v)-ob

ob-s). bolo SemTxvevaSi

dialeqtebma a(v)-ob

sufiqsi daniSnulebisamebr gamoiKenes: aq

aGniSnuli mawarmoeblis saSualebiT gamoixateba intensiuri,

mravalgzisi da refleqsuri moZraoba; iseve, rogorc es cura(v)-ob

ob-s tipis zmnebTanaa saliteraturo qarTulSi; Sdr.:

cur-av

av-s (erTgzisi moqmedeba; aseve: `curva icis~)

cur-a-ob

ob-s (mravalgzisi moqmedeba; aseve: `am wuTas curaobs~)

da

frin-av

av-s (erTgzisi moqmedeba; aseve: `frena icis~)

frin-a-ob

ob-s (mravalgzisi moqmedeba; aseve: `am wuTas frinaobs~)

saliteraturo enaSi meore mniSvnelobasac frinavs

forma

gamoxatavs (oGond zmniswinebis meSveobiT: da/mi/mo+frinavs),

xolo dialeqtebma ki amisaTvis axali, ufro Sesaferisi zmna

(fri

frina

naobs

obs) awarmoes (raxan aGniSnuli forma, ZiriTadad, meore

mniSvnelobiT ixmareba, frinavs

varianti aq aGar dasturdeba).

rac Seexeba yKampa

palofs

tipis zmnebs, am SemTxvevaSi dialeqtebma

ekonomia gaswies da formas zedmeti -a (-av

Temis

niSnis naSTi) CamoaSores. saqme isaa, rom am -a-s maSin aqvs

funqcia, rodesac ori opoziciuri wKvili gvaqvs (cu

cura

ra-av

av-s _

cur-a(v)-ob

ob-s); sxva SemTxvevaSi (rodesac ar gvaqvs sapirispiro

cali *yKum

yKumpa

palobs

lobs, *KurKuma

KurKumalobs

lobs, radgan Ziris leqsikuri

mniSvneloba mravalgzisobasa da refleqsurobas gulisxmobs),

dialeqtebi yarb niSans (romelic formaSi analogiiT,

pirdapir KalibSi fuZis Casmis Sedegad aGmoCnda) iSorebs.

yKampa

palofs

lofs, Kuryu

yuma

malofs

formebi -a-s gareSec gamoxataven

mravalgzis da refleqsur moqmedebas.

amasTan dakavSirebiT KuradGebas iqcevs aseve Tebzobs

forma (Tevzaobs). aqac, radgan Tevzobs

- Tevza

zaobs

dapirispi-

eba realurad enaSi ar xorcieldeba (gansxvavebiT, vTqvaT,

cigobs

_ ciga

gaobs

tipis SemTxvevebisagan), dialeqtSi zmnas

CamoSorda yarbi Temis niSani.

4. axuria

ria, uyiria

ria, akria

tipis formebis warmoeba unifikaciis

procesis mimaniSnebelia. ena ufro Sorsac wavida: saintereso

viTarebas gviCvenebs am mxriv Kiva, Civa

va, kiva

va, yKiva, Ca-

na, wvana

na, sZinia

formebi, romlebic TavianTi statikuri Sinaarsis

gamo dialeqtebSi statikuri zmnebis daradve gaformda.

aGniSnuli movlena qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSia

dadasturebuli (leCxumuri, guruli...). aGmosavleT saqarTvelos

mTis kiloebSi sapirispiro viTarebaa (Tumca esec unifikaciis

tendenciiT aixsneba): rogorc cnobilia, aq statikur

formebSi damkvirda -av

TemisniSniani warmoeba: asxav

xav, xkidav

dav,

swerav

rav. mesame subieqturi piris -s niSani aGar ixmareba, albaT

sapirispiro aqtivebTan (as

asxams

xams) omonimiis Tavidan acilebis

mizniT.

5. saKuradGeboa is faqti, rom Tanamedrove Tbilisur sasaubro

da internet-forumebis enaSi qarTuli enis dialeqtebidan

ufro dasavlurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebia gavrcelebuli,

rasac am regionidan dedaqalaqSi mosaxleobis migraciis

maGali procentuli maCveneblis garda Tavad dialeqtizmebis

bunebac unda gansazGvravdes, romlebic eqspresiulobiTa

da sxvadasxva, mravalferovani niuansebis gadmocemis unariT

gamoirCeva. aGniSnul (sasaubro) metKvelebaSi xSirad

gvxvdeba aseTi formebi: abarZgva

ZgvalebT

(Zlier akankalebT, aZag-

ZagebT vinmes danaxvaze), iyifxe

fxeba

(daZabuli, mkveTri, agresiuli

moZraobebi, laparaki axasiaTebs), troKaven (uSnod da

uxamsad cekvaven) da sxva.

faqtia, rom dialeqtebSi metad cocxali, amave dros enis

ganviTarebiTa da enobrivi unifikaciis tendenciiT Sepirobebuli

procesebi mimdinareobs, romelTa Seswavlac, sakuTriv

dialeqturis garda, bevri sxva, Tundac araenobrivi sakiTxis

garkvevaSic metad mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs.

98

proeq

eqti

`mTis kavka

kasi

siuri enebi

saqar

qarTve

Tvelo

loSi

Si~

proeqti xorcieldeba qarTvelologiis, humanitaruli

da socialuri mecnierebis fondSi (rusTavelis

fondi) mopovebuli #026

026-08

08 grantis

meSveobiT.

v a j a S e n g e l i a

sagran

granto proeqt

eqtze muSa

Saobis pirve

veli wlis

Sede

dege

gebis Sesa

saxeb

sazogadoebisa da mecnierebisaTvis mniSvnelovania TiToeuli

enisa Tu dialeqtis, rogorc samKaros originaluri

msoflxedvis, Taviseburebebis Seswavla da saTanado enobrivi

masalis fiqsireba. es miTumetes exeba im enobriv erTeulebs,

romlebzec adamianTa mcire raodenoba laparakobs, Tanac saTanado

enobrivi koleqtivebi mravalenovania da enobrivi kontaqtebi

_ intensiuri. aGniSnuli enobrivi erTeulebis Seswavla

saSuria imis gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom bevri adamiani mSobliur

enasa Tu dialeqts ukve iviwKebs...

proeqti iTvaliswinebs im mcirericxovani enobrivi Jgufebis

metKvelebis monografiul Seswavlas, romlebic saqar-

Tvelos sam raionSia gavrcelebuli kunZulebis saxiT. esenia:

xelvaCauris raionis ramdenime soflis afxazu

zuri

(baTumel

afxazTa metKveleba, rogorc mas uwodeben), axmetis raionis

sofel zemo alvanis wova

va-Tu

TuSu

Suri

anu bacbu

buri

da amave raionis

pankisis xeobis soflebis CeCnu

nuri

(qisturi metKveleba),

Kvarlis raionis ramdenime sofelSi gavrcelebuli xunZu

Zuri

ri,

bejitu

turi

(kapuyuri) da udiuri

ri. proeqtis ganxorcielebis

Sedegad unda miviGoT eqvsi (daaxl. 300 gverdi moculobis)

monografia, romlebSic warmodgenili iqneba saTanado enobrivi

erTeulebis fonetikuri sistemis, morfologiuri da sintaqsuri

struqturis daxasiaTeba, savele muSaobis Sedegad mopovebuli

teqstobrivi masala da leqsikoni. savele muSaoba

ivaraudeba samJer _ TiToJer proeqtisaTvis gaTvaliswinebul

TiToeul wels.

proeqti gamarJvebulad gamocxadda mimdinare wlis ianvris

bolos, sertifikati gadmogveca Tebervlis bolos, xolo

pirveli kvartalisaTvis dagegmili saTanado Tanxa gadmoiricxa

aprilis dasawKisSi. miuxedavad amisa, pirve

veli kvarta

talis

gegmiT dasaxuli amocana mainc droulad Sesrulda. kerZod,

Sedgenil iqna da kompiuterSi ganTavsda samecniero literaturis

bibliografia cal-calke sakvlevi enobrivi erTeulebis

mixedviT, agreTve, instruqcia, romelSic gansazGvrulia adgilze

masalis mopovebasa da damuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

meore kvarta

talis

gegmis Sesabamisad, damuSavda eqvsive

sakvlevi enobrivi erTeulis Sesaxeb arsebuli samecniero literatura,

warmodgenil iqna misi kritikuli analizi. samecniero

literaturidan, gamoqveKnebuli teqstebidan da leqsikonebidan

amowerilia kvlevisaTvis sayiro leqsikuri erTeulebi

da frazebi. SeviZineT kompiuteri saTanado aqsesuariT da eqvsi

cifruli diqtofoni.

mesame kvartal

talSi

gaTvaliswinebuli iKo samecniero eqspediciebi

adgilze masalis mosapoveblad, rac ganxorcielda

kidec, kerZod:

1. baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaze dasakvirveblad da masalis

Casawerad 7-21

agvis

vistos

(n. mayavariani). xelvaCauris

raionis sofel angisaSi Caweril iqna cifrul diqtofonze da

grafikulad gabmuli teqstebi, leqsika da frazeologiuri

erTeulebi.

2. CeCnuri enis qistur metKvelebaze samuSaod pankisis

xeobis qistur soflebSi _ duisi, omalo, JoKoli, birkiani...

1-16

16 agvis

vistos

(r. fareuliZe). mopovebul iqna teqstobrivi da

100

leqsikuri masala, romelic dafiqsirebulia rogorc diqtofoniT,

ise _ xeliT.

3. wova-TuSur (bacbur) enaze samuSaod 10-25

agvis

vistos

(l. sanikiZe). dakvirvebis sagani iKo bgeriTi mxare da gramatikuli

movlenebi. Semowmda adre Cawerili leqsikuri masala,

diqtofoniT dafiqsirda teqstebi da axali leqsikuri masala.

4. xunZuri enis anwuxur dialeqtze dakvirveba warmoebda

Kvarlis raionis sof. TivSi 15-29 agvis

vistos

(l. azmaifaraSvili).

gansakuTrebuli KuradGeba mieqca lokatiuri brunvebis

warmoebisa da funqciis sakiTxebs, agreTve, zmnis formaTa warmoebas,

fonetikur movlenebs. axali masala dafiqsirda rogorc

diqtofonis, ise videokameris meSveobiT.

5. bejitur enaze muSaoba mimdinareobda Kvarlis raionis

soflebSi CantlisKuresa da sarusoSi 13-28

agvis

vistos

(n. ardoteli).

Caweril iqna sxvadasxva janris teqstebi da dargobrivi

saleqsikono masala. Semowmda adre sxvaTa mier Cawerili

leqsika. masala Cawerilia diqtofonisa da videokameris daxmarebiT,

agreTve _ xeliT. gansakuTrebuli dakvirvebis sagani

iKo saxelis bruneba.

6. udiur enis masalis mopoveba mimdinareobda Kvarlis

raionis sofel zinobianSi 13-28

agvis

vistos

(r. lolua). Semowmda

ukve Cawerili masala. mopovebul iqna axali masalac

(diqtofoniTa da videokameriT).

eqvsive enobrivi erTeulis masala, romelic diqtofonis

saSualebiT iqna mopovebuli, ganTavsda kompiuterSi. daiwKo

masalis grafikuli fiqsacia, saanalizo leqsikuri erTeulebisa

da frazebis baraTebze amowera.

eqvsi enobrivi koleqtividan samSi (CeCnuri, xunZuri, bejituri)

mSobliur enas Kvela kargad flobs, samSi ki bevrma mSobliuri

ena aGar icis (es gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebs exeba).

amasTan, unda aGiniSnos, rom samecniero eqspediciebi daemTxva

agvistoSi ganviTarebul tragikul movlenebs da im mZime

viTarebas, rac amis Sedegad qveKanaSi Seiqmna. aman erTgvarad

Seaferxa samuSaoebi, magram ZiriTadi amocanis Sesruleba

101

mainc moxerxda.

meoTxe kvartal

talSi

dasruldeba saanalizo masalis bara-

Tebze amowera.

dasasrul, ramdenime teqnikuri xasiaTis SeniSvnas mogaxsenebT:

1. proeqtis monawileni periodulad ikribebodnen da samuSaoTa

mimdinareobis Sesaxeb msJelobdnen;

2. muSaobis Sedegebis eleqtronuli versia ganTavsebulia

kompiuterSi;

3. samecniero da finansuri angariSebi droulad miewodeboda

rusTavelis fonds;

4. rusTavelis fondis monitoringis Jgufma oqtomberSi

Seamowma samuSaoTa mimdinareoba; Sedegi dadebiTi iKo.

proeqtis monawileni warmoadgenen moxsenebebs, romlebic

proeqtis Temas exeba: ori (n. mayavariani, r. fareuliZe) _

mTlianad Catarebul muSaobas. oTxi ki (l. sanikiZe, l. azmaifaraSvili,

n. ardoteli, r. lolua) im sakiTxebs ganixilavs,

romlebmac muSaobis am etapze miiqcia KuradGeba.

n a n a m a y a v a r i a n i

baTu

Tumel afxazTa metKve

vele

lebis Sesa

saxeb

xeb. I

afxazuri enis ganviTarebis istoriis ukeT gasaTvaliswineblad

didi mniSvneloba aqvs dialeqtur monacemTa gamovlenas.

am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa afxazuri metKvelebis

gamowvlilviT Seswavla afxazeTidan geografiulad mowKvetil

arealebSi.

afxazuri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fonologiuri, morfologiuri,

sintaqsuri da leqsikuri Taviseburebani garkveulwilad

gansxvavebul suraTs iZleva afxazeTs moSorebul

afxazTa metKvelebaSi.

102

am mxriv sainteresoa ayaris avtonomiur respublikaSi

mcxovreb afxazTa ena.

ayaris teritoriaze amjamad mcxovrebi afxazebi arian

afxaz muhaJirTa STamomavlebi. XIX saukunis sxvadasxva istoriulma

movlenebma ganapiroba afxazeTidan maTi gadasaxleba

TurqeTSi.

ayaris teritoriaze afxazebi dasaxldnen sxvadasxva

dros, moKolebuli 1862 wlidan.

gadasaxlebul afxazTa garkveuli nawili, romelic afxazeTidan

gamovida, dasaxlda baTumsa da baTumis mimdebare teritoriaze.

am faqtze miuTiTebs mravali saarqivo masala.

afxaz emigrantTa sxva nawili, romelic ganicdida socialur

da nacionalur Seviwroebas TurqeTSi, cdilobda ruse-

Tis imperiis teritoriaze dabrunebas ruseTis mTavrobis nebarTvis

gareSe. Tavdapirvelad, afxazebi xvdebodnen ayaraSi,

rom Semdeg afxazeTs dabrunebodnen.

XIX s-is 70-80-ian wlebSi baTumi gaxda gamaSualebeli

punqti kavkasiasa da TurqeTs Soris. Kovelgvari nebarTvis gareSe,

afxazebi Jgufebad brundebodnen TurqeTidan baTumSi.

bolos da bolos, mravali tanJvisa da Txovnis Semdeg,

ruseTis mefis imperiam afxazebs darTo neba, rom isini dabrunebuliKvnen

ara afxazeTSi, aramed ayaraSi.

amis Sedegad ayaris teritoriaze Seiqmna ocze meti sofeli,

romlebic dasaxlebuli iKo afxazebiTa da Cerqezi muha-

JirebiT. afxazebi saxlebodnen baTumSi da mis mimdebare teritoriebze

(feria, fezia, qveda sameba, qalTibauri, salibauri,

iJadia, axmedia, stepanovka, Suqria, luftia, qusiadia, urexi,

minda, angisa, adlia, kaxaberi), yoroxis marcxena sanapiro

(yarnali, Txilnari, nusreTi, Cerqezluqi, KaraSalvari).

Tavdapirvelad afxazebi dafuZndnen zGvis piras. Tanda-

TanobiT afxazTa didi masa SeCerda nurieSi, SemdgomSi afxaz-

Ta soflis adgilas CamoKalibda qalaqi. afxazebi qalaqidan

daiZrnen da mimdebare teritoriaze dasaxldnen, soflebSi

(urexi, stepanovka, feria).

103

aTumel afxazTa raodenobis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva mosazreba

arsebobs. mag. v. palge

gero

rovis

cnobiT, baTumis mazraSi 1879

wels cxovrobda 9500 afxazi da Cerqezi, meore gadmosaxlebis

Semdeg (1867 w.) _ 1200.

qvemo ayaraSi, rogorc werda S. megre

greli

liZe

Ze, ramdenime

sofeli dasaxlebuli iKo mTlianad afxazebiT. maTi raodenoba

muhaJirobis dros ar aGematebda 3 aTass.

g. ZiZa

Zari

rias

cnobiT, afxazTa raodenoba Seadgenda 3000

oJaxs an 10000 adamians.

XIX s.-is 80-ian wlebSi moxda afxazTa axali emigracia

TurqeTSi, ris Sedegadac afxazTa ricxvi ayaris teritoriaze

Semcirda. 1886 wlis monacemebiT, baTumSi cxovrobda 1469

adamiani (155 oJaxi). e. leozi

zinis

cnobiT, aq afxazebma `SeinarCunes

adaT-wesebi da ena, zogma icis rusuli, kargad laparakoben

qarTulad da Turqulad".

1970 wlis sakavSiro aGweriT, ayaraSi mcxovreb afxazTa

ricxvi 1361 adamiania, aqedan 982 mSobliurad afxazurs miiCnevs.

amjamad baTumeli afxazebi cxovroben xelvaCauris raionis

soflebSi: urexi, feria, mnaTobi, salibauri, qveda sameba,

Celta, angisa, minda, kaxaberi, adlia, yarnali, aseve baTumSi.

baTumel afxazTa ufros Taobas axsovs, rom maTi winaprebi

afxazeTis sxvadasxva raionidan gadmosaxldnen. rogorc

moxucebi hKvebian, im afxazTa winaprebi, romlebic axla angisa-

Si, mindasa da kaxaberSi cxovroben, gadmosaxldnen Th o abHnidan

(es teritoria kelasurisa da drandas samxreT sanapirozea).

isini TavianT Tavs soxumidan gamosulebs uwodeben (`aKоa

~anHwHz~), meore nawili baTumeli afxazebisa, romelic cxovrobs

soflebSi feriaSi, urexSi, salibaurSi, qveda samebaSi,

adliaSi, yarnalSi, CeltaSi, gadmosaxlda mdinare bzifisa da

adleris mimdebare teritoriidan. isini TavianT Tavs axalwHsidan

gamosulebs uwodeben (axalwHs jоlara).

baTumel afxazTa metKvelebas sagangebo monografia miu-

ZGvna e. kilbam

("ооооооооооо оооо ооооооооо ооооооо", Tb.,

1983).

104

rogorc mkvlevari aGniSnavs, bevr informators im soflebis

dasaxelebac ki SeuZlia, romlebidanac afxazebi ayaraSi

gadmosaxldnen (kilba 1983,7).

`enobrivi monacemebi adasturebs, rom baTumeli afxazebi

namdvilad afxazeTis sxvadasxva raionidan gamovidnen. maTs metKvelebaSi

ZiriTadad SenarCunebulia is enobrivi Taviseburebani,

romelic damaxasiaTebelia im adgilobrivTa metKvelebisa-

Tvis, romelsac isini gamoeKvnen.

is enobrivi Taviseburebebi, romlebic afxazTa sxvadasxva

raionis metKvelebas axasiaTebs, baTumel afxazTa enaSicaa

asaxuli~ (kilba 1983, 8).

e. kilba ganagrZobs: `arsebuli enobrivi Taviseburebebi

gvaZlevs safuZvels baTumel afxazTa metKvelebaSi gamovKoT

angisas metKveleba (im afxazTa metKveleba, romlebic angisasa

da mis axlo mdebare soflebSi cxovroben) da ferias metKveleba

(im afxazTa metKveleba, romlebic feriasa da mis axlomdebare

soflebSi cxovroben".

e. kilbas dakvirvebiT, angisas metKveleba afxazuri enis

abjuur dialeqts uaxlovdeba, xolo ferias metKveleba ki

afxazuri enis bzifur dialeqtsa da abazuri enis aSxarul

dialeqts (kilba 1983, 8).

mkvlevari aGniSnavs, rom masze adre baTumel afxazTa metKveleba

sagangebod arc erT mecniers ar Seuswavlia. igi dasZens,

rom ramdenime fraza baTumel afxazTa metKvelebis Sesaxeb

x. bGajbas naSromSi moiZia (о. о. оооооо, оооооооо ооооооо

оооооооооо ооооо. оо., 1964, 25).

e. kilbas naSromi aris Sedegi im savele dialeqturi masalis

analizisa, romelic man 1976-1983 ww-Si moipova.

im baTumel afxazTa metKveleba, romlebic as welze metia

mowKvetilni arian afxazur dialeqtTa gavrcelebis Ziri-

Tad teritorias, iZleva friad Zvirfas masalas afxazuri enis

ganviTarebis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis.

cnobilia, rom ena Zalze swrafad icvleba, gansakuTrebiT,

rodesac gansxvavebul enobriv samKaroSia moxvedrili.

105

Cveni mizania ufro farTod ganvixiloT baTumel afxaz-

Ta metKvelebis Taviseburebebi da is cvlilebebi, romlebic

aGniSnulma metKvelebam 1983 wlidan dGemde ganicada.

e. kilbas naSroms erTvis baTumel afxazTa metKvelebis

amsaxveli Zalze mwiri masala, rac, rogorc Cans, naSromis reglamentiTaa

gamowveuli.

Cven vapirebT warmovadginoT baTumel afxazTa metKveleba

ufro vrclad qarTuli sitKvasitKviTi TargmaniTurT (beyduri

da eleqtronuli versiebi).

Cvens naSromSi warmodgenili iqneba baTumel afxazTa metKvelebis

fonetikuri da gramatikuli mimoxilva, teqstebi da

leqsikoni.

proeqtis farglebSi 2008 wlis agvistoSi vimKofebodiT

ayaraSi, sadac vakvirdebodiT afxazTa metKvelebas. Cveni informatori

iKo feride mustafas asuli acamba, 86 wlis, friad

pativsacemi qalbatoni, moskovis lomonosovis saxelobis

universitetis profesori. misgan CaviwereT diqtofoniTa da

xeliT afxazuri metKvelebis nimuSebi: zGaprebi, frazebi, andazebi.

amjamad mimdinareobs mopovebuli masalis damuSaveba.

r o s t o m f a r e u l i Z e

2008 wels sagran

granto Tema

masTan dakav

kavSi

Sire

rebiT

Cata

tare

rebu

buli muSa

Saobis anga

gari

riSi

CeCnebi axmetis raionis pankisis xeobaSi mecxramete saukunis

30-iani wlebidan cxovroben. pankisel CeCenTa metKvelebas,

Cveulebriv, qisturs uwodeben. qisturi warmodgenilia

aGniSnuli xeobis Semdeg soflebSi: duisi, JoKolo, birkiani,

Zibaxevi, omalo, Sua xalawani. bolo aTwleulSi qistebi dasaxldnen,

agreTve, dumasturSi, qvemo da zemo xalawnebSi, wi-

106

nubansa da qoreTSi.

qisturi metKveleba CeCnuri enis sxvadasxva kilosa da kilokavis

narevia. misi aseTi mravalferovnebis gamo specialur

lateraturaSi dGemde ar aris dazustebuli qisturi metKvelebis

adgili CeCnuri enis dialeqtebs Soris.

qistur metKvelebaSi ori ZiriTadi kilokavi gamoiKofa:

maisTuri (duisuri da JoKolouri TqmebiT) da xildixarouli

(omalouri Tqma). axielTa, miTxoelTa, haCarelTa, inguSTa...

metKveleba amjamad aGar gansxvavdeba maisTurisagan an xildixaroulisagan.

xeobis sxva qisturi soflebi dasaxlebulia mais-

TelebiTa da xildixaroelebiT.

1999 wlis monacemebiT pankisSi cxovrobda daaxloebiT

eqvsi aTasi qisti.

qisturi metKveleba naxuri enebisagan didi xania, rac

izolirebulia. qarTul garemoSi qarTuli enis gavlena qisturze

gansakuTrebiT gafarTovda me-20 saukunis 30-iani wlebidan,

roca qistur soflebSi gaixsna qarTuli skolebi, biblioTekebi

(Tumca am bolo ramdenime weliwadSi xeobis Kvela

sofelSi biblioTekebi gauqmda), gavrcelda jurnal-gazeTebi,

amuSavda radio-televizia. Seiqmna orenovnebis CamoKalibebis

pirobebi. am mxriv qisturi metKveleba mkveTrad gansxvavdeba

CeCnuri enis Kvela dialeqtisagan. amdenad, qisturi metKvelebis

Seswavla zogadenaTmecnieruli TvalsazrisiTac aris saintereso.

naxur enaTagan izolirebulad ganviTarebis pirobebSi

qisturma Semoinaxa zogi arqauli movlena (gansakuTrebiT -

fonetikasa da leqsikaSi). garda amisa, TvalSi sacemia inovaciebic,

rogoricaa, magaliTad, klasovan-pirovani uGvlileba,

rac ucxoa CeCnur-inguSurisTvis. klasovan-pirovani uGvlileba

naxur enaTagan CamoKalibda wova-TuSur enaSic. qistursa

da wova-TuSurSi pirovani uGvlilebis arseboba qarTulis gavleniT

aris ganpirobebuli.

qisturi metKvelebis Sesaswavlad pirvel rigSi Sedgenilia

naxur enaTa bibliografia, romlis eleqtronuli versia-

107

ze muSaoba grZeldeba.

damuSavebulia qisturi metKvelebis (dialeqtis) Sesaxeb

arsebuli samecniero literatura. kritikulad aris Seswavili

n. maris, d. malsagovis, d. imnaiSvilis, i. aliroevis, i. arsaxanovis,

a. magomedovis, s. gumaSvilisa da sxvaTa naSromebi.

calkea ganxiluli Sromebi, romlebic sagangebod qisturs

ar exeba, magram, sxva masalasTan erTad, saanalizod moxmobilia

qisturis monacemebic. aseTia, magaliTad, T. goniaSvilis,

a. yinyaraulis, k. yrelaSvilis, r. gaguas, l. sanikiZis

naSromebi.

"qisturi dialeqtis Sesaxeb arsebuli samecniero literaturis

kritikuli analizi" wakiTxula moxsenebad kavkasiur

enaTa ganKofilebis sxdomaze mimdinare wlis 8 ivliss.

pankisis xeobaSi mivlinebis dros Cawerili enobrivi masala

(simGerebi, zGaprebi, andazebi, gamocanebi, gabmuli metKvelebis

nimuSebi...) Setanilia kompiuterSi (daaxloebiT 160

kompiuteruli gverdi). vvaraudobT, rom 2009 wlis bolomde

dasabeydad gavamzadoT 400 gverdis moculobis qisturi teqstebi.

garda amisa, Cawerili teqstebidan calke baraTebze amowerilia

qisturi leqsika, vamzadebT masalas "qistur-qarTuli

leqsikonis" Sesadgenad. qistur leqsikur erTeulebTan, gramatikul

daxasiaTebasTan erTad, miTiTebuli iqneba am leqsemebisagan

fonetikurad, morfologiurad, semantikurad gansxvavebuli

formebi saliteraturo CeCnurSi, rac aGniSnuli leqsikoniT

sargeblobas gauadvilebs qisturiT dainteresebul mki-

Txvels. am mizniT TanamSromlobas vapirebT CeCnuri enis specialistebTan

CeCneTSi. masalis damuSaveba leqsikonisTvis

grZeldeba.

l a t a v r a s a n i k i Z e

subi

bieq

eqti erga

gati

tiul brunva

vaSi wova

va-Tu

TuSu

Suri

(bac

bacbu

buri

ri)

enis erTi rigis gardauval zmnebTan

wova-TuSebi, rogorc cnobilia, kompaqturad cxovroben

saqarTveloSi, axmetis raionis sof. zemo alvanSi (maTi

ricxvi 4000-mdea). isini orenovani qarTvelebi arian. wova-Tu-

Suri (bacburi) qarTuli enis Zlier gavlenas ganicdis. interferentuli

procesebi bacburSi enaTmecnierTa KuradGebis gareSe

ar darCenila (a. Sifneri, i. imnaiSvili, T. uTurgaiZe, k.

yrelaSvili, i. deSerievi, r. gagua, d.-e. holiski...), es sakiTxi

monografiuladac aris Seswavlili (m. miqelaZe). am mxriv gansakuTrebul

interess aGZravs subieqtis-qvemdebaris warmoCena

bacburi enis gardauval zmnebTan (SemasmenelTan) mxoloobiTi

da mravlobiTi ricxvis I da II pirebSi, maSin rodesac III pir-

Tan subieqti ergatiul brunvaSi ar dasturdeba.

g a r d a m a v a l i zmnis k l a s o v a n -p i r o v a n i (resp.

pirovani) uGvlilebisas zmna subieqts samive pirSi ergatiul

brunvaSi marTavs:

mx. r. I p. as (erg.) naCx -aKo-s `me Kvels vyam~

II p. ah´ (erg.) naCx -aKo-h´ `Sen Kvels yam~

III p. oƒus (erg.). naCx -aK `is Kvels yams~

mr. r. I p. aTx (erg.) naCx -aKo-Tx

II p. aS (erg.) naCx -aKo-S

S

III p. oƒar (erg.). naCx -aK

piris niSnebi piris nacvalsaxelebisagan miiGeba

(a. Sifneri, k. gagua, k. yrelaSvili), III p.-Si piris niSani ara

gvaqvs.

raki I da II pirebi mxolod adamians _ pirovnebas

aGniSnaven da metwilad aqtiuri mniSvneloba aqvT, dinamikuri,

aqtiuri semantikis mqone g a r d a u v a l zmnebTanac I da II pi-

rebSi Cndeba subi

bieq

eqti erga

gati

tiul

brunvaSi:

108

109

110

as (erg.) v-aGo-s `me movdivar~

ah´ (erg.). v-aGo-h´ `Sen modixar

aTx (erg.). b-aGo-Tx

`Cven movdivarT~

aS (erg.). b-aGu-S

`Tqven modixarT~

III p i r S i mxolod klasis niSania warmodgenili da subieqti

masTan s a x e l o b i T brunvaSi (wrfelobiTSi, absolutivSi)

dgas: mx. r. o vaG `is modis~, mr. r. obi b-aG `isini

modian~.

rogorc gardamaval zmnebSi, ise _ gardauvalebSic III

p. I da II pirebs u n i S n o b i T (∅-ovani niSniT) upirispirdeba.

arsebobs sxvagvari axsnac _ uniSnoba fonetikuri procesebis

Sedegia (m. mayavariani, b. SavxeliSvili). orive SemTxvevaSi III

piri mainc aramarkirebulia.

naxuri enebidan inguSurSi, CaCnurSi da arc CaCnuris

qistur kiloSic, sadac piris niSnebis warmoqmnas adastureben

(i. aliroevi, d. imnaiSvili, r. fareuliZe) subieqti ergativSi

gardauval zmnebTan ar SeiniSneba (arc sxva iberiul-kavkasiur

enebSi, sadac klasovan-pirovani (resp. pirovani) uGvlileba

gvaqvs. bacburSi gardauval zmnebTan subieqtis ergativSi

warmoCenas qarTulis gavleniT xsnian an qarTuls xelSemwKob

faqtorad miiCneven (i. deSerievi. r. asaTiani).

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi (gurulSi, ayarulSi, le-

CxumurSi, rayulSi, qvemo imerulSi, kaxurSi, qarTlurSi, ingilourSi,

fereidnulSi, JavaxurSi, imerxeulSi) fiqsirebulia

subieqti ergatiul brunvaSi gardauval zmnebTan, rac am

zmnaTa aqtiur semantikasTan erTad sxvadasxva sintaqsuri situaciiTac

aris Sepirobebuli (v. Tofuria, arn. Ciqobava, a.

kiziria, m. suxiSvili, gr. imnaiSvili...).

qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, bacburSi gardauval zmneb-

Tan III p. p

subi

bieqts mxolod saxe

xelo

lobiT

biTSi SeiwKob

iwKobs. aseTi mar-

Tva bacburisave niadagze aixsneba:

pirebis formirebamde saxelobiTsubieqtiani zogi

gardauvali zmna konteqstis mixedviT gamoxatavda rogorc aq-

tiur, ise _ pasiur mniSvnelobas, amitom ergativis paralelurad

saxelobiTic gvxvdeboda da iSviaTad axlac gvxvdeba aqtiuri

mniSvnelobis gardauval zmnebTan: d-ewar `devna~, Cu-

Toh´ar `Zili~, d-ojar `dacema~, Teƒar `GoGva~, d-adar `daficeba~,

TeSar `ndoba~... magaliTad:

mx. r. I p. so (sax.) º as (erg.) TeS{—} `me vendobi~

II p. h´o (sax.) º ah´ (erg.) TeS{—} `Sen endobi~

III p. o (sax.) º oƒus (erg.) TeS{—} `is endoba~

III pirma SeinarCuna subieqti saxelobiTSi, rogorc I, II

pirebTan SedarebiT naklebad aqtiurma pirma, rasac III pirSi

piris niSnis uqonlobac ganapirobebda (I, II pirebSi gvaqvs piris

niSnebi, Sesabamisi piris nacvalsaxelebis ergatiuli brunvisagan

miGebuli, roca isini subieqts ergativSi igueben).

qarTulTan analogia ar unda niSnavdes imas, rom bacburSi

upirobod gvaqvs qarTulTan interferenciis Sedegi.

marTalia, naxuri enebidan es movlena mxolod bacburisTvisaa

damaxasiaTebeli, da amiT is qarTuls uaxlovdeba,

magram igi arc Kvela qarTvelur enaSi gvxvdeba: svanurSi ergativi

gardauval zmnebTan ar aris gamovlenili.

amasTanave saKuradGeboa isic, rom qarTuli enis TuSuri

dialeqti da fSaur-xevsurul-mTiuluri msgavs faqtebs ar

icnoben, Tumca kaxurSi (am dialeqtebTan hqonda uSualo kontaqti

bacburs) labilurad igi fiqsirebulia enaTmecnierTa

mier. aqve unda aGiniSnos, rom saliteraturo qarTulSi sxva

SemTxvevebSic dasturdeba ergativi gardauval zmnebTan,

oGond aq rTuli procesebia subieqtis ergativSi marTvis

TvalsazrisiT _ ganviTarebuli aqtiv-pasivis povnierebis fonze.

qarTulis gavlena Tu misi xelSemwKob faqtorad miCneva

bacburSi gardauval zmnebTan ergativis subieqtad funqcionirebis

sakiTxSi naklebad sarwmunoa, magram savsebiT mainc

ver gamovricxavT.

111

l e v a n a z m a i f a r a S v i l i

zogi

gier

erTi fone

neti

tiku

kuri movle

vleni

nisa

saTvis kaxeT

xeTSi

mosax

saxle xunZe

Zebis metKve

vele

leba

baSi

gansaxilvelad warmodgenili xunZuri dialeqtologiuri

masala mopovebulia sof. TivSi (Kvarlis r-ni) mcxovrebi anwuxeli

xunZebisagan. moxseneba upiratesad emKareba maT cocxal

metKvelebaze uSualo dakvirvebebs.

1. sof. Tivis mkvidri xunZebi metKveleben anwuxuri dialeqtis

toxur da yadaqolour kilokavebze. rogorc cnobilia,

am or kilokavs Soris arsebobs regularuli xasiaTis

bgeraTSesatKvisobani sibilantebSi. magaliTad:

a) toxuris aramagar sisinebs yadaqolourSi SeesatKviseba

aramagari SiSinebi:

tox. s _ yad. S, tox. w _ yad. y, tox. z _ yad. j, tox.

Z _ yad. J.

b) toxuris magar SiSinebs yadaqolourSi SeesatKviseba

magari sisinebi:

tox S´ _ yad. s´, tox. C´ _ yad. c´, tox. y´ _ yad. w´.

amjamad sof. Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi SeiniSneba SemTxvevebi

toxuri da yadaqolouri kilokavebis Serevisa. axalgazrda Taobis

warmomadgenelTa toxur metKvelebaze gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia

yadaqolouris gavlena. erTi da imave toxeli axalgazrdis

metKvelebaSi paralelurad SeiZleba movisminoT sitKvebi

rogorc toxuri, aseve yadaqolouri warmoTqmiT (mag.,

vas || vaS `biyi~, wa || ya `cecxli~, ƒizan || ƒijan `bavSvi~, va„an-

Zi || va„anJi `mosvla~ da sxva). es viTareba aixsneba imiT, rom

sof. Tivis mcxovrebaTa umetesi nawili yadaqoloelia, xolo

toxelTa raodenoba aq mcirea. toxursa da yadaqolour

warmoTqmebSi arsebul gansxvavebebs Tivis mkvidrni, marTalia,

grZnoben, magram arsebiT mniSvnelobas mas ar aniyeben. arc Tu

iSviaTad xdeba xolme, rom individi verc acnobierebs ise

gadadis sitKvis toxuri warmoTqmidan meore wuTSive imave si-

112

tKvis yadaqolour warmoTqmaze, imdenadaa es ukve sametKvelo

CveviT ganmtkicebuli.

aqve aGsaniSnavia isic, rom ufrosi Taobis toxur metKvelebaze

yadaqolouris aseTi gavlena (resp. interferencia)

ar SeiniSneba. sxvaoba, rasac toxuri da yadaqolouri kilokavebis

Sepirispireba warmogvidgens (SesatKvisobani sisina

da SiSina spirantebsa da afrikatebs Soris), dGes sof. Tivis

mkvidrTagan swored xandazmulTa metKvelebaSia wminda saxiT

daculi.

amgvari viTareba SeimCneva sof. Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi. saintereso

iqneboda gavcnobodiT, Tu ra procesebs aqvs amjamad

adgili TviT daGestnis mkvidr toxel-yadaqolelTa metKvelebaSi.

2. Tivis anwuxur metKvelebaSi dasturdeba xmovanTa Se-

Kris (hiatusis) SemTxvevebi, rac saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis

(resp. Crdilouri xunZurisaTvis) uCveuloa; mag., x´erea

(I

kl.),; x´eree

(II kl.) `Zvirfasi~, S´ule

uleab

`magari~, yeeel

eel `maGlebi~,

keel

elgu

`oriveni~, bejael

el `qvislebi~... xmovanTa kompleqsebi

morfemaTgasaKarze warmoiqmneba xolme, Tumca arsebobs

maTi gaCenis sxva gzebic. erTi aseTi gzaa bgeris dakargva,

magaliTad:

fuZiseuli Tanxmovani ikargeba atributivSi x´ala

alaTab

`grZeli~. mis paralelurad gvxvdeba x´ala

alaab

ab anda x´ele

eleeb

eb: nuh >

x´eleeb bugu `gza grZeli aris~. mravlobiTis formaa x´ele

eleel

el.

fuZiseuli Tanxmovnis (d) gareSe warmoiTqmis xolme agreTve

zmnisarTi x´adax

`qveviT~, anu paralelurad SeiZleba movisminoT

x´aax

aax.

fuZiseuli Tanxmovani Cveulebriv ekargebaT sitKvebs vas

`biyi~ da as

`gogo~, roca isini ibrunvian: erg. vaas

as´ `biyma~

(← vas-as´), naT. vaas

as´ul

`biyis~ (← vas-as´-ul), mic. vaas

as´ibe

`biys (← va-as´-i-b-e); erg. aal

aalÀ´ `gogom~ (← as-alÀ´), naT.

aal

aalÀ´ul

`gogosi~ (← as-lÀ´-ul), mic. aal

aalÀ´ibe

`gogos~ (←

as-alÀ´-i-b-e). magaliTebi: vaas´ dedebe, aalÀ´ bababe qumaq hubun

`vajiSvili mamas, qaliSvili dedas exmareba~, vaas´ul vas

113

`vajiSvilis Svili (vaji)~, aalÀ´ul vas `qaliSvilis Svili (vaji)~,

babad vaas´ibe „iC t¾uri `dedam vajiSvils vaSli misca~,

deded aalÀ´ibe retel bosa `mamam qaliSvils kaba uKida~ da

sxva. es formebi sof. Tivis metKvelebisaTvis Cveulebrivia, xolo

saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis ucxoa. maT Sesaxeb cnobebi

ar moipoveba sxva dialeqtebidanac.

rodesac sitKvaSi ori identuri xmovani erTad iKris

Tavs, es grZeli xmovnis gaCenis winapiroba SeiZleba gaxdes:

x´‰x, v‰s´, ‰lÀ´ da sxva.

S. miqailovis mier anwuxurSi dadasturebulia I seriis

lokativis -da

formantis an misi -d- elementis amovardnis SemTxvevebi,

mag., vac´as´-da (zedmiw. `Zmaze~) formis paralelurad

dadasturebuli aqvs vac´as

as´-a. miw´iral-da-s´a formis

gverdiT dasaxelebulia miw´iral

iral-s´a `kuTxidan~ da sxva. igive

movlena dGes SeiniSneba sof. Tivis TqmaSic, mag., hudulas´as´a

vixún, TuSmanasásá vixńugi `megobris geSinodes, mtrisa nu

geSinia~ (andaza)... hudu

dulas

las´-a-s´a ← hudulas´-da-s´a, TuSma

manas

nas´a-s´a

← TuSmanas´-da-s´a.

lokativis -da

formanti SeiZleba amovardes nacvalsaxeluri

formebidanac. aseT SemTxvevebSi nacvalsaxeluri forma

Tavisebur saxes iGebs. mas grZeli xmovani uCndeba dakarguli

marcvlis sanacvlod:

d‹s´ (I p.) ← di-da-s´a, mag., mun rezi vugu d‹s´ `Sen kmaKofili

xar CemiT~.

dîs´ (II p.) ← du-da-s´a, mag., dun rezi vugu dîs´ `me kma-

Kofili var SeniT~.

amosavali formebi (di

didas

das´a, dudas

das´a) Tivis metKvelebaSi

Tavisuflad SeiZleba ixmarebodnen grZelxmovnian variantTa

paralelurad.

3. saKuradGeboa difTongTa cvlis SemTxvevebi.

rogorc cnobilia, xunZuri enis samxrul dialeqtebSi

difTongTa gamartiveba (monofTongizacia) farTod gavrcelebuli

movlenaa (S. miqailovi, arn. Ciqobava, i. cercvaZe). igi

niSandoblivia sof. Tivis metKvelebisTvisac; magaliTad, dif-

114

TongTa gamartivebis Sedegad zedsarTaul sufiqsebSi gauCinarebulia

I da II klasis v, niSnebi:

a ← av: lÀ´ik

ik-a ← lÀ´ik-av (I kl.) `kargi~

a ← a: lÀ´ik

ik-a ← lÀ´ik-a (II kl.)

anwuxurSi dasturdeba agreTve difTongTa gamartivebis

Semdegi SemTxvevebi:

e ← a: Ge `igi~ (II kl.) ← Ga, I klasis formaSi iqneba

Ga (← Gav); lÀé àq~ (II kl.) ← lÀá, I klasis formaa lÀá (←

lÀ´av); ƒve

`dawere!~, Sdr. lit. ƒva; qune

`yame!~ ← quna, Sdr.

lit. qvana; yve

`mokali!~, Sdr. lit. yva; -de

(kiTxviTi nawilaki)

← -da: s´ib

ib-de

`netav ra?~, Sdr. lit. S´ib-da da sxv.

a difTongi ucvleli rCeba xolme zog masdarul formaTa

auslautSi: yva

va `mokvla~, Ta `codna~, buKva

va `gaxmoba~...

aseve zogierTi sitKvis bolokidurSic, mag., ut¾a `mamam-

Tili, simamri~ (lit. vat¾ad), it

it¾a `dedamTili, sidedri~

(lit. at¾ad), beja `qvisli~ (lit. baja), „ada

ada `amaod~ (lit.

„adada)...

difTongi a kargavs srul xmovan a-s, Tu es difTongi

maxviliani i-s uSualo mezoblobaSi aGmoCndeba: wib ← w¢ab

`axali~, vis´¢

´¢T ← vis´¢aT, Sdr. lit. vas´¢aT `anderZi~,

ruK¢T ← ruK¢aT (qalis sakuTari saxelia), C¢s´ ←C¢as´

`kacma~ (erg. br.), C¢s´ul

← C¢as´ul `kacis~ (naT. br.),

gurj¢zul

`qarTvelebisa~ ← gurj¢azul da sxv. SesamCnevia

a difTongis sruli gaqrobac xmovnis momdevno poziciaSi:

Cil `kacebi~ ← Cial, Cul `cxenebi~ ← Cual...

erTi da imave sitKvis sxvadasxva formebSi SeiniSneba

difTongisa da xmovnis monacvleoba. magaliTad:

va || o: s´vala `movida~ uarKofiT formaSi iqneba s´ole

oleyu

`ar movida~; tva `wavida~, Sdr. uarK. forma tone

neyu `ar

wavida~ (SeiZleba iTqvas agreTve tvene

neyu)... aseve ve || o: hve

`moitane!~, Sdr. akrZ. forma hogu

`ar moitano!~ da sxva.

4. KuradGebas iqcevs bolokiduri a xmovnis kveca I seriis

lokativis -da

da, -ta

formantebSi. es tendencia gansakuTrebiT

axalgazrdebis metKvelebas axasiaTebs, mag., bakal

kal-d `ad-

115

>>

gilze~ (← bakal-da), mu„ruz

ruz-d `mTebSi~ (← mu„ruz-da), av-

laƒal

al-d) `mindorze~ (← avlaƒal-da), Saha

haral

ral-d `qalaqSi~ (←

Saharal-da), gulla

la-d (← gulla-da): gullad h > ajimurad Tanaru

`tKviam haJimuradi ar icis~ (andaza)... nacvalsaxelebSi:

di-t (← di-ta): babad biS dit `dedam miTxra me~, nije-t (←

nije-ta): deded nijet hiKri `mamam Cven. gvkiTxa~... ricxviT saxelebSi:

anwit so `TerTmeti~, anwit kigu

`Tormeti~, anwit

Tabgu

`cameti~ (← anwi-ta), Kot so `ocdaerTi~, Kot

kigu

`ocdaori~, Kot Tabgu

`ocdasami~ (← Ko-ta) da sxva.

a xmovani auslautSi ekveceba daSorebiTis (elativis)

formantsac, mag., ruKi-s´ `saxlidan~ (← ruKi-s´a), rux½o-s´

`tKidan~ (← rux½o-s´), daba

ba-s´ `iqidan~ (← daba-s´a), Sqo

qolal

lalda

das´

an Sqola

la-s´ `skolidan" (← Sqolal-da-s´a), h > altu

tu-s´ `samu-

Saodan" (← h > altu

tu-s´a)...

axalgazrdebis metKvelebaSi holokiduri a ekveceba agreTve

zmnur formants, mag., Kuti

ti-n `yris~ (← Kuti-na), hubu

bu-n

`akeTebs~ (← hubu-na), h > alti

lti-n `muSaobs~ (← h > alti-na) da sxva.

n o d a r a r d o t e l i

hiatu

tusis saki

kiTxi

Txisa

saTvis bejitur enaSi

cnobilia, rom bejituri enis fonotaqtikisaTvis hiatusi

niSandoblivi ar aris. xmovanTa TavKra arc mis axlomonaTesave

enaTaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.

bejitur enaSi hiatusis superacia xdeba intervokalur

poziciaSi sonantebisa (, …) da laringaluri abruptivis (‡)

CarTviT, mag.: io `deda~, hi n amu `nacari~, Ko…a `bavSvi~,

bu…al `keTeba~, So‡a

(hunz., Sdr. bej. Soal "id".) `daviwKeba~

da sxva misT.

garda zemomoKvanili nimuSebisa, dasturdeba iseTi magaliTebic,

romlebSic hiatusi daZleuli ar aris. erTmaneTis

116

miJriT ori xmovnis povniereba ufro metad bejituri enis hunzibur

dialeqts axasiaTebs da gvxvdeba rogorc Zireul morfemebSi,

ise morfemaTa miJnazec, mag.: mi‰

`dasveleba~, boor

`erTgvari winda~, bogoal‘ `mimwuxri~, i n Searto `axlaxan~, zaifab

`avadmKofi~, `susti~, naib `naibi~, siKea n Ku (< qarT. ciKvi

+ a n Ku `Tagvi~) `ciKvi~ da a. S.

hiatusi metwilad Tavs iCens neologizmebSi, mag.: radio

`radio~, poez(d) `matarebeli~, milicianer `milicioneri~, socializm

`socializmi~...

SeiniSneba metad saintereso movlena iseT saxelebSi,

romlebSic erTmaneTis mimKol nazalur xmovanTa superacia ar

xdeba. es Sepirobebuli Cans intervokalur poziciaSi nazaluri

elementis arsebobiT. rac Seexeba odindeli reducirebuli

nazaluri Tanxmovnis nazalurobis koeficientis dadgenas, mas

eqsperimentuli kvleva-Zieba syirdeba. nazalizacia, rogorc

yarbi artikulaciuri movlena, erTgvarad hiatusis superacias

axdens, mag.: tu n a `babuawvera~, wa n a n "mSvildi~ (mSvild-isrisa,

akvnisa), a> > n >a >

>n>

d‰ `gugulis xmianoba~ da misT.

m. xalilovis bejitur-rusul leqsikonSi (1995) gvxvdeba

iseTi formebi, romlebsac intervokalur poziciaSi xmovan-

TgamKarad ori aqvT, mag.: ya

o `mrudi~, TuTa

a `aluminis

feri~, di

aT

`brali~, G

÷ `daxeuli~, ba

a `laqa~...

Tu analogiur magaliTebs genezisis TvalsazrisiT ganvixilavT,

maSin meore -c ( < r) rekonstruirdeba (soa <

sora 1. `cxeni~, 2. `talGa~...), Tumca sinqroniul doneze an

ase unda Caiweros soia, anda ase soia

ia. intervokalur poziciaSi

ori -s realizacia naklebad savaraudoa.

hiatusi ufro metad axasiaTebs saqarTveloSi warmodgenili

bejituri enis sarusosa da CantlisKuris metKvelebas,

rac gamowveuli unda iKos interferenciuli procesebis moqmedebiT,

kerZod, hiatusis mqone qarTuli enis zegavleniT,

mag.: sof. sarusos metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba koria

(Sdr. bej.

ko

a < kora "id".) `beyedi~, bua

(Sdr. bunz. bu…a, bej.

buŸal "id".) `keTeba~, `gaCena~ da misT.

117

o m a n l o l u a

inten

tensi

siuri Tanxmov

xmovnebi

bisa da abrup

rupti

tive

vebis

Sesa

saxeb udiur ur enaSi

2008 wlis 13 agvistodan 28 agvistomde Cven samecniero

mivlinebiT vimKofebodiT sofel oqtomberSi (zinobianSi). mivlineba

ganxorcielda sagranto programiT `mTis kavkasiuri

enebi saqarTveloSi~ da miznad isaxavda masalis Segrovebasa da

fonetikuri sistemis zogierTi sakiTxis Semowmebas savele pirobebSi.

inten

tensi

siur Tanxmo

xmovan

vanTa saki

kiTxi

Txi. samecniero literaturaSi

gamoiTqva ori gansxvavebuli mosazreba intensiurebis Sesaxeb.

vl. fanCviZis, evg. JeiraniSvilis da v. gukasianis azriT,

udiurs moepoveba SiSina afrikatebis da Sisina spirantebis

intensiuri (mKovari) korelatebi: J´ C´ y´ j´ S´ (fanCviZe 1949;

JeiraniSvili 1971; gukasiani 1963; misive 1965). v. gukasiani

maT rigs umatebs sisina afrikat w´ -s (gukasiani 1963;1965).

vl. fanCviZe am bgerebs Semdeg sitKebSi afiqsirebs: S´um

`puri~,

j´e `qva~, S´al

alde

desun

àduGeba~, yóyá `wiTeli~... (fanCviZe

1940, 706); v. gukasiani _ Semdeg sitKvebSi: e´S´ `vaSlis xe~,

oj´ul

`kudi~, konJ´ux

`patroni~... (gukasiani 1963,85); evg. JeiraniSvilTan

gvaqvs: Sú `Game~, baC´ àsi~, aCí `dakarguli~

`damaluli~, Kay´ `tkivili~ y´ap

`gamqrali~... (JeiraniSvili

1971,14).

a.diri aGniSnavs mxolod S´ -s (diri 1904,2).

gansxvavebuli mosazreba intensiurebis Sesaxeb udiurSi,

b. gigineiSvilma gamoTqva. misi azriT, samecniero literaturaSi

mjGeri intensiurebis j´ S´ postulireba (aseTi bgerebi

arc erT iberiul-kavkasiur enaSi ar gvxvdeba!) da intensivobis

korelacia erT lokalur rigSi (SiSinaTa) eyvqveS aKenebs intensiurTa

mTeli rigis kvalifikacias. maTi `intensivoba~, b. gigineiSvilis

azriT, mTel rig SemTxvevebSi, gamowveulia faringalizebul

xmovnebTan mezoblobiT (gigineiSvili 1977, 61-63).

118

b. Talibovi iziarebs b. gigineiSvilis mosazrebas (Talibovi

1980,181).

mivlinebisas Cven gadavamowmeT is sitKvebi, sadac, mklevarTa

azriT, intensiuri Tanxmovnebi unda gvqonoda. Cveni dakvirvebiT,

`araintensiuri~ da `intensiuri~ SiSina Tanxmovnebi

gamoiTqmis erTnairad, anu dGesdGeobiT zinobianis metKvelebaSi

TanxmovanTa dapirispireba intesiurobis da araintensiurobis

mixedviT ar SeiniSneba.

evg. JeiraniSvils intensiurebis fonemurobis sailustraciod

mohKavs Semdegi magaliTebi: S´u `Game~- Su `vin~, baC´

`asi~- baC `qvevrze dasafarebeli qva~, aC´i `dakarguli~ `damaluli~,

aCi `TamaSi~, Kay´ `tkivili~- Kay `viwro~, y´ap

`gamqrali~-

yap

`vazi~ (JeiraniSvili 1971,14). sainteresoa aGiniSnos,

rom Kvela zemoCamoTvlil magaliTze informantebisgan Semdegi

ganmarteba miviGeT _ es erTi da igive sitKvebia, oGond

TiToels ori mniSvneloba aqvso.

specialistTa Canawerebis Sedarebisas, an, miT ufro er-

Ti mkvlevris masalebSi, TvalSisacemia erTi da imave sitKvis

gansxvavebulad Caweris faqtebi: zogan intensiuriT, zogan ki

araintensiuriT, mag.: evg. JeiraniSvilis monografiaSi `udiuri

ena~; ij´ (gv. 22) _ ij (gv. 208, 249) `Tovli~, j´ol

(gv. 214) _

jol

(gv. 33, 78) `sacobi~, uy´ (gv. 22) _ uy (gv. 217, 254)

`Tafli~, kayí (gv. 28, 219) _ kayi (gv. 255) `brma~, yóyá (gv.

220, 258) _ yoya (gv. 32) `wiTeli~.

istoriulad, udiurisTvis, intensivobis mixedviT dapirispireba

damaxasiaTebeli unda KofiliKo. savaraudoa, rom

kavkasiis albanurSi korelacia intensiuri-araintensiuri

gvqonda ara mxolod SiSinaTa rigSi, aramed sisinaTa rigSic

(lolua 2008).

abrup

ruptiv

tivTa saki

kiTxi

Txi. abruptivTa Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi

ramdenime urTierTgamomricxavi mosazreba gamoiTqva.

zogi mklevris azriT, udiurs mxolod sami abruptivi

moepoveba: K w y da sami preruptivic: q f T (diri 1904;

karbelaSvili 1935).

119

vl. fanCviZe, evg. JeiraniSvili da v. gukasiani Tvlidnen

rom udiuri enis fonologiuri sistema ar icnobs preruptivebs

da masSi mxolod abruptivebia warmodgenili: p t k K w y (fan-

CviZe 1949; JeiraniSvili 1971; gukasiani 1963; misive 1965).

b. Talibovis azriT ki, varTaSnul kiloSi abruptivTa

degradaciisa da preruptivebSi gadasvlis procesi dasrulebulia,

xolo niJis dialeqtSi _ dasrulebis stadiaSia (Talibovi

1974; misive 1980).

mogvianebiT, v. gukasianma gaiziara b. Talibovis mosazreba

(gukasiani 1973).

Cven ver gaviziarebT b. Talibovis mosazrebas varTaSnul

kiloSi abruptivTa sruli degradaciis Sesaxeb. Cveni dakvirvebiT,

afrikatebi w da y mkveTrad gamoiTqmis, xolo K k p da t

bgerebi Sesustebuli Cans, magram, ara imdenad, rom preruptivebad

miviCnioT, Tumca Cveni azriT, am sakiTxis saboloo gadawKveta

mxolod eqsperimentiTaa SesaZlebeli.

q e T e v a n d a T u k i S v i l i

enobriv Secdo

cdoma

maTa eleqtro

tronu

nuli

leqsi

siko

koni

arn. Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis institutSi mimdinareobs

muSaoba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros

mier dafinansebul proeqtze, romlis mizania enobriv SecdomaTa

eleqtronuli leqsikonis Seqmna. leqsikoni ganTavsdeba

vebgverdze da moemsaxureba momxmarebelTa farTo wres: jurnalistebs,

pedagogebs, abiturientebs da sxv.

leqsikons aqvs Ziebis orgvari saSualeba: moxmarebels SeuZlia

akrifos misTvis saintereso forma da miiGos informacia

misi enobrivi sisworis Sesaxeb an anbanTrigze airCios nebismieri

aso da miiGos Sesabamisi CamonaTvali. miGebul SeTavazebebSi

aris ori sveti: Secdo

cdomaa

da sworia

ria. TiToeul

striqonSi paralelurad Cawerilia ama Tu im formis swori

da mcdari variantebi. am formaTa naxvis Semdeg SesaZlebelia

Sesvla Siga fanJaraSi, romelSic mocemulia komentari (gramatikuli

wesi) da warmodgenilia Sesabamisi ilustraciebi.

Secdomebi daKofilia tipebad: morfologiuri, sintaqsuri,

stilistikuri, orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri. Zebna SesaZlebelia

SecdomaTa rogorc Kvela, ise romelime tipis mixedviT.

masalis mosapoveblad gamoviKeneT masmediis ena da abiturientTa

naSromebi. monacemebi struqturirebulia da gan-

Tavsebulia XL-is failebSi, romelTa safuZvelzedac iqmneba

monacemTa baza.

bazaSi monacemebi ganTavsebulia leqsikonis struqturis

Sesabamisad, kerZod, Semdeg failebSi: 1. mcdari winadadeba,

romelSic moniSnulia Secdoma; 2. winadadebis swori varianti;

3. Secdomis tipi; 4. gasaGebi sitKvebi, romlebic akavSireben

momxmareblis mier akrefil sitKvebs (masdarebs an saxelobiTi

brunvis formebs) ama Tu im sitKvaformasTan; 5. komentaris

120

121

kodi; 6. komentaris teqsti; 7. Secdomis saleqsikono erTeuli;

8. swori variantis saleqsikono erTeuli.

zogJer erTsa da imave winadadebaSi aris ori an meti Secdoma.

aseT SemTxvevaSi bazaSi keTdeba orgvari moniSvna. ker-

Zod, erTi aris mTavari Secdoma, romelic momxmarebels ainteresebs.

es Secdoma da misi Sesabamisi swori varianti aqcentirebulia,

komentari da ilustraciebi mocemulia mis Sesaxeb,

sxva (meoreuli) Secdoma ki moniSnulia imgvarad, rom momxmarebels

SeuZlia airCios igi da miiGos SeTavazebis is varianti,

sadac es Secdoma aris mTavari da mas axlavs Sesabamisi komentari

da ilustraciebi.

a s m a T p a p i Z e

sintaq

taqsur Sesi

sitKve

veba

baTa mode

deli

lire

rebis saki

s

kiTxe

Txebi

enobriv Secdo

cdoma

maTa eleqtro

tronul leqsi

sikon

konSi

enobriv SecdomaTa eleqtronul leqsikonSi sintaqsur

Secdomebs calke ganKofileba aqvs daTmobili da es aris sintaqsur

problemaTa leqsikografiulad warmodgenis pirveli

cda qarTul sinamdvileSi.

arsebuli masalidan, romelic abiturientTa nawerebisa

da masmediis enis bazazea Seqmnili, gamoiKo da gaanalizda sintaqsur

darGvevaTa Kvelaze gavrcelebuli SemTxvevebi. imis ga-

TvaliwinebiT, rom araerT sintaqsur sakiTxze enobrivi norma

JerJerobiT araa SemuSavebuli, saleqsikono erTeulebad amJerad

gamovitaneT mxolod Zalian aSkara darGvevebi an iseTebi,

romelTa Sesaxebac ukve arsebobs norma. paralelurad, Seiqmna

erTgvari banki, romelic, Cveni azriT, mosagvarebel sakiTxebs

moicavs da romelTa mowesrigeba swormetKvelebis TvalsazrisiT

axlo momavlis saqmea.

saleqsikono erTeulebad gavitaneT ara konkretuli Se-

122

mTxvevebi, aramed tipobrivi kontruqciebi, _ darGvevis TiTo

tipze TiTo konstruqcia swori da araswori variantebiT.

maTTan programulad aris dakavSirebuli Secdomis amsaxveli

dadasturebuli winadadebebi da maTi swori variantebi. Kvela

SemTxvevas mohKveba komentari, romelSic SeZlebisgvarad martivad

da mokled aris ganmartebuli Secdomis arsi da mocemuli

rekomendaciis safuZveli.

magaliTad, TanxmovanfuZiani zedsarTavi saxelis an

mimGeobis sazGvrulTan brunvaSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxebi 5 Jgufad

aris warmodgenili, kerZod, ganxilulia, rogor xdeba es:

1. moTxrobiT brunvaSi, 2. micemiTSi, 3. naTesaobiTSi, 4. moqmedebiTSi,

5. viTarebiTSi. erT-erTi komentaris nimuSi:

„Tu msazGvrelad TanxmovanfuZiani zedsarTavi saxeli an

mimGeobaa, moTxrobiT brunvaSi (daboloeba -ma

ma) msazGvrels

brunvis niSani srulad aqvs SenarCunebuli. sworia: kargma

wignma

da ara karg wignma; aSene

nebul

bulma saxl

xlma

da ara aSenebul

saxlma.“

Sesabamisad, saleqsikono erTeulad gatanili iqneba karg

wignma

Tavisi swori variantiT. mas daukavSirdeba Kvela is winadadeba,

romlebSic am tipis Secdoma gvaqvs dafiqsirebuli.

iqve warmodgenili iqneba marTebuli variantebic.

amgvaradvea warmodgenili msazGvrel-sazGvrulis urTierTobis

sxva problemebi, qvemdebare-damatebaTa SemasmenelTan

ricxvSi SeTanxmebisa da brunvaSi marTvis sakiTxebi, wevr-kavSirebisa

da maTTan sintaqsurad dakavSirebuli wevrebis urTierTobis

problemebi, TandebulTa gavrcelebuli aGrevis SemTxvevebi,

droSi Tanamimdevrobis aGrevis tipobrivi sakiTxebi

da a. S.

saleqsikono sakiTxTa sia vrcelia, sakmaod didia saanalizo

masalac. eleqtronuli leqsikonis erT-erTi Girseba

isaa, rom misi ganaxleba da masalis damateba iolia. amitom

Tuki warmodgenili versia misaGebi aGmoCndeba momxmareblis-

Tvis, masze muSaobis gagrZeleba sasurveli iqneba.

123

s a l o m e o m i a Z e

stilis

listi

tiku

kuri darGve

veva

va-uzus

uzusto

toba

bani

enobriv Secdo

cdoma

maTa eleqtro

tronu

nuli

leqsi

siko

konis erTe

Teule

lebad

qarTul samecniero literaturaSi mravali naSromi mieZGvna

stilistikur uzustobaTa analizs, am tipis darGvevebi

presis furclebze gamarTuli diskusiebis Temac xSirad gamxdara,

magram sitKvaTxmarebis vrceli leqsikoni JerJerobiT

ara gvaqvs. dGesac sayiro da Seucvlelia 400-erTeuliani saleqsikono

masala _ `sitKva da konteqsti~, romelic `qarTuli

sitKvis kulturis sakiTxebis~ meSvide wignad 1985 wels

daibeyda. aseve did samsaxurs uwevs jurnalistebsa da dainteresebul

mkiTxvelebs 2002 wels gamosuli `jurnalistis stilistikuri

cnobari~. erTica da meorec ukve bibliografiul

iSviaTobad iqca, amgvari gamocemebis sayiroeba ki aSkaraa.

sarekomendacio literaturis momxmarebelTa wres sagrZnoblad

gaafarTovebs kompiuteruli teqnologiis gamoKeneba.

enobriv SecdomaTa eleqtronuli leqsikoni, romelic axla

iqmneba, iqmneba ara marto jurnalistebisa Tu pedagogebisa-

Tvis, aramed KvelasaTvis, visac kulturul komunikantad

CamoKalibeba surs, vinc icis, rom saqmianobis Kovel sferoSi

warmatebis gasaGebi warmatebuli urTierTobaa, rasac, sxva

faqtorebTan erTad, mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs enis codna _

marTlwera da marTlmetKveleba.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, leqsikonis momxmarebelTa

codnis done da mzaoba erTnairi ver iqneba, amitom axal codnasTan

misasvlelad martivi gzebi unda mogveZebna.

erTmaneTis gverdiT mocemuli mcdari da marTebuli saleqsikono

erTeulebis Sedareba rTuli amocana aravisTvis ar

iqneba, miT ufro, rom isini konteqstebiTaa warmodgenili.

magram leqsikonis agebuleba iTvaliswinebs Secdoma-uzustoba-

Ta komentirebas, ramac gadagvawKvetina, momxmarebeli pirobi-

Tad or Jgufad dagveKo. Sesabamisad, komentarebis teqstebs

popularuli eniT warmovadgenT, Tumca frCxilebSi meore Jgufis

momxmarebelTaTvis Sesabamisi lingvistikuri terminebic

mogvKavs. vfiqrobT, am gzas SemecnebiTi mniSvnelobac eqneba,

dakvirvebuli momxmarebeli frCxilebSi Cawerili terminebis

arsSic male gaerkveva.

gTavazobT komentaris nimuSs, romelic umarTebulo SesitKvebebs

ukavSirdeba:

`sifrTxile gvmarTebs sitKvebis dawKvilebisas, radgan

enaSi nebismieri ori sitKvis dakavSirebiT marTebuli SesitKveba

ar iqmneba. sworad metKvelebisaTvis ara marto gramatikuli

wesebis codnaa sayiro, aramed imisa, konkretuli

sitKva romel sitKvas SeiZleba daukavSirdes da romels _

ara. zogJer erTi da imave Sinaarsis gamosaxatavad konkretuli

sitKva sxvadasxva sitKvasTan qmnis marTebul wKvilebs. aseve

mniSvnelovania am marTebul wKvilTa Soris dasaSvebi da umJobesi

variantebis gansazGvra.

Kvelaze uCveulo sitKvaTSexamebebs sportul jurnal-gazeTebSi

vxvdebiT. marTebulia: burTis fari

ridan Camoxsna an

moxsna

da ara moxsnis gakeTeba; mowi

winaa

naaGmde

mdegis gadace

cemis Cayra

da ara Cayris gakeTeba; SeKov

ovne

neba

da ara Kovnis gakeTeba;

qulis mopo

pove

veba

ba, qule

lebis mogro

grove

veba

da ara qulebis gakeTeba;

pasis miwo

wode

deba an Cawo

wode

deba

da ara pasis gakeTeba.~

stilistikuri darGveva-uzustobebisaTvis leqsikonSi

gamoKenebulia mcdari/swori da dasaSvebi/umJobesi variantebi.

moxsenebaSi wamodgenilia masmediis enasa da abiturient-

Ta naSromebSi gamovlenil stilistikur darGvevaTa analizi.

124

125

l i a b a k u r a Z e

punqtu

qtuaci

ciur Secdo

cdoma

maTa

TaTa asaxvis proble

leme

mebi

eleqtro

tronul leqsi

sikon

konSi

enobriv SecdomaTa eleqtonuli leqsikoni sxva tipis SecdomebTan

erTad iTvaliswinebs punqtuaciuri Secdomebis

warmodgenas da am gziT sworad weris swavlebas.

punqtuaciuri Secdomebi sami ZiriTadi tipisaa:

1. aklia sasveni niSani;

2. zedmetia sasveni niSani;

3. erTi sasveni niSnis nacvlad weria meore.

samive SemTxveva eleqtronuli leqsikonisaTvis erTi maxasiaTebliT

warmovadgineT: wina

nada

dade

deba

baSi ar aris gamoKene

enebu

bu-

li Sesa

saba

bami

misi sasve

sveni niSa

Sani

ni.

monacemTa bazaSi punqtuaciuri Secdomebis saleqsikono

erTeulebs erTvis komentari (rodis, ra SemTxvevaSi iwereba

esa Tu is niSani). TiToeul komentars miniyebuli aqvs Sesabamisi

kodi.

gansakuTrebul sirTules qmnis punqtuaciuri SecdomebisaTvis

saleqsikono erTeulis SerCevis sakiTxi. punqtuaciis

wesebis Sesaxeb sakmaod mravalferovani literatura arsebobs,

magram leqsikonis formiT amgvari darGvevebi Jer ar aGwerila.

Cveni azriT, punqtuaciuri Secdomebis zogadi tipis

warmosadgenad SeiZleba neitraluri winadadebebis (modelebis)

Seqmna. Cvens SemTxvevaSi saleqsikono erTeulad gamotanili

aris amgvar winadadebaTa araswori da swori variantebi.

amgvarad mowesrigebuli monacemTa bazis safuZvelze

leqsikoni advilad mosaxmari xdeba KvelasaTvis. momxmarebels

SeuZlia airCios esa Tu is sasveni niSani da miiGos informacia

misi araswori Tu marTebuli gamoKenebis Sesaxeb. arCeul

sasven niSanze dawkapunebis Semdeg gamoCndeba saleqsikono er-

Teulebi. nebismier maTganze dawkapunebis Semdeg ki SesaZlebelia

konkretuli komentaris naxva, romelsac mosdevs am tipis

Secdomebi da maTi gasworebuli variantebi.

126

komentarebi Sedgenilia ise, rom advilad gasagebi iKos

imaTTvisac, visTvisac gramatikuli terminebi ucxoa.

imis miuxedavad, ra aris momxmareblis mizani: ukve Seqmnili

teqstis gadamowmeba Tu ubralod ama Tu im sasveni niSnis

gamoKenebis wesSi garkveva _ igi advilad SeZlebs leqsikonis

moxmarebas da sasurveli informaciis miGebas.

n i n o y u m b u r i Z e

kompo

pozi

zite

tebis orTog

Togra

rafi

fias

asTan dakav

kavSi

Sire

rebu

buli

saki

kiTxe

Txebi qarTu

Tuli masme

medi

diis is enis mixed

xedviT

qarTuli masmediis enaSi gansakuTrebiT xSirad gvxvdeba

kompozitebis umarTebulo daweriloba. ori fuZis SeerTebiT

miGebuli erTcnebiani kompozitebi gvxvdeba defisiT: keTilganwKobili,

gul-gatexili, iaf-fasiani, angariS-gasawevi... an

cal-calke dawerili: GvTis msaxureba, dro gamoSvebiT, deda

azri... defisiT gvxvdeba kompozitebi, romlis pirveli wevri

qarTuli an ucxo enidan Semosuli prefiqsoidia: Tana-klubeli,

ar-arsebuli, eqs-prezidenti, mini-moedani, anti-rusuli...

amis erT-erTi mizezi is unda iKos, rom xdeba sxva enaTa

orTografiis wesebis gadmotana qarTulSi. inglisurSi, magaliTad,

defisis gamoKenebis gansxvavebuli wesebi moqmedebs. defisiT

iwereba orfuZiani zedsarTavi saxelebi, rogoricaa

blue-eyed (lurJTvala), broken-hearted (gulgatexili)...

msazGvrel-sazGvruliT Sedgenili kompozitebi: blower-bed

(Kvavilnari), shop-assistant (maGaziis gamKidveli)... prefiqsoidiani

saxelebi: co-production (nawarmi), ex-lovers (Kofili

TaKvanismcemeli), non-stop (gauCereblad), un-American (antiamerikuli)...

amgvari dawerilobis gavlena unda iKos erT-erTi mizezi

qarTul erTcnebian kompozitebSi defisis gamoKenebisa. zogi

127

saxeli, romelic inglisuridan Semovida, araswori dawerilobiT

damkvidrda, rac, vfiqrobT, umJobesia Seicvalos.

r u s u d a n z e q a l a S v i l i

morfo

rfolo

logi

giur Secdo

cdoma

maTa asaxva

eleqtro

tronul leqsi

sikon

konSi

masmediis ena KovelTvis imsaxurebs lingvistTa

KuradGebas, radgan masSi aSkarad vlindeba cocxal enaSi mimdinare

procesebi da sazogadoebis damokidebuleba saliteraturo

enis siwmindisadmi.

Znelia imis Tqma, rom wina wlebTan SedarebiT am TvalsazrisiT

mdgomareoba gaumJobesda, radgan saliteraturo enis

normaTa rGveva da misadmi daudevari damokidebuleba, samwuxarod,

TiTqos aGaravis examuSeba. cxadia, sxvaoba sagrZnobia SecdomaTa

raodenobisa da tipebis mixedviT sxvadasxva jurnalgazeTSi,

rac ganpirobebuli Cans jurnalistis an stilisturi

redaqtoris keTilsindisierebiTa da kvalifikaciiT.

morfologiuri Secdomebis gansakuTrebiT didi wili

modis zmnis piris niSnebis, zmniswinebisa da Temis niSnebis

gamoKenebaze, gvxvdeba mwkrivTa araswori warmoebis SemTxvevebic;

aseve problematuri Cans saxelTa kumSva-kveca, nacvalsaxelTa

gamoKeneba zmnisarT-TandebulebTan, `igive~ an `erTi da

igive~ nacvalsaxelebis bruneba, `v~-s CarTvisa da dakargvis SemTxvevebi,

sxvaTa sitKvis nawilakebis xmareba da sxv.

Tanamedrove kompiuterulma epoqam enaTmecnierTa SesaZleblobebic

gazarda da SecdomaTa eleqtronuli leqsikonis

Seqmna gamosadegi iqneba farTo momxmareblisTvis. samwuxarod,

manamde TiTqmis Kvela kvalificiuri enaTmecnieruli gamokvleva

lingvistTa viwro wrisTvis rCeboda xelmisawvdomi.

am tipis leqsikonze muSaobam warmoaCina specifikuri xa-

128

siaTis problemebic, radgan mxolod mcdari da marTebuli variantis

miwodeba ioli gziT siaruli iqneboda. amitom sayirod

miviCnieT tipobriv SecdomaTa komentireba, Tumca rCevis

formis CamoKalibebac rTuli aGmoCnda, radgan martivad,

enaTmecnieruli terminebis gamouKeneblad komentari ver Seiqmneboda.

aucilebeli gaxda sailustracio masalis erTgvari

Semokleba da mcireodeni koreqtirebac. muSaobis procesSi

warmoCnda zogierTi Secdomis kvalifikaciis siZnelec (morfologiurad

migveCnia Tu sintaqsurad).

SecdomaTa eleqtronuli leqsikonis mizani iKo ara or-

Tografiul darGvevaTa mecnieruli analizi, aramed praqtikuli

gamoKenebis SesaZlebloba da misawvdomoba farTo momxmarebelebisTvis.

vfiqrobT, leqsikonis daniSnulebas zrdis swored

is, rom efuZneba masmediaSi gavrcelebul, tipobriv Secdomebs,

rac asaxavs sazogadoebaSi am TvalsazrisiT arsebul

suraTs. vfiqrobT, msgavsi tipis leqsikoni gamosadegi iqneba

ara marto jurnalistebis, moswavleebisa da studentebisTvis,

aramed pedagogebisa da qarTuli enis siwmindis dacviT dainteresebuli

adamianebisTvisac.

129

lxvii

lxvii ... View more lxvii

Delete template?

Save as template ?

lxvii lxvii