wminda maqsime aRmsareblis evqaristiuli anTropologia

wminda maqsime aRmsareblis evqaristiuli 

anTropologia 

wardgenilia 

kaxaber kurtaniZis 

mier 

ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo universitetis 

filosofiisa da socialur mecnierebaTa fakultetze 

filosofiis doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad 

Tbilisi, ivnisi 2009

Τόν τής Τριάδος εραστήν καί Μέγαν Μάξιµον, τόν εκδιδάξαντα τρανώς πίστιν την ένθεον, τού δοξάζειν τόν 

Χριστόν, φύσεσιν εν δύω, ενεργείαις τε διτταίς ώς καί θελήσεσιν, επαξίως οι πιστοί ανευφηµήσωµεν, 

ανακράζοντες. Χαίρε κήρυξ τής Πίστεως. 

samebis motrfiales, didebul maqsimes, romelmac saRvTo sarwmunoeba cxadad aswavla; 

qristes madidebels ori bunebiT da ormagi moqmedebiT iseve, rogorc nebiT, morwmuneni 

Rirsad keTilgixmovanebT xmamaRla: dae, gixarodes, sarwmunoebis mqadagebelo 

Φιλοσοφία κοσµήσας τόν βίον σου, θεοσοφία σαυτόν κατελάµπρυνας, όθεν εν αµφοτέροις ευδοκιµών, τή καλή 

οµολογία επεσφράγισας αµφότερα 

filosofiiT Seamke Seni cxovreba da Teosofia sakuTar Tavs gaubrwyine, xolo 

oriveTi gamocdilma da saxelovanma marTali da mSvenieri aRmsareblobiT beWedi 

daasvi maT 

Μάξιµε µακάριε, σύ δι' ασκήσεως γέγονας, θεοπρεπές, τής φιλοσοφίας, καί αγνόν ενδιαίτηµα 

netaro maqsime, Sen asketuri moRvaweobiT gaxdi filosofiis ubiwo da RvTivsaTanado 

samyofeli. 

Τή ροή σου τού αίµατος, καταρδευοµένη η Εκκλησία Χριστού, εξανθεί πατροπαράδοτον, σού τού θείου σπόρου 

δόγµα Όσιε. 

Seni sisxlis nakaduliT morwyuli (pkurebuli) qristes eklesia yvavilobs Seni 

saRvTo Teslis mamaTa gadmocemiseuli dogmiT 

Ο γνώσιν τών γηϊνων αθροίσας, καί ουρανίων, ενδίκως φιλόσοφος, Κατονοµάζεται Μάξιµος. 

codniT (SemecnebiT) SerToO ra miwieri da zecieri, samarTlianad filosofosad 

iwodeba maqsime 

Σοφίας τής αµείνω τώ έρωτι, τού Χριστού σου, µιµητής πανάριστος, ώφθης αοίδιµε Μάξιµε 

mxne da Zlieri trfialebiT Seni qristes mbaZvelad ixilvebi, saqebaro maqsime 

Ου θελήµατα δύω, διαιρούµενα γνώµης εναντιότητι, ποιότητι δέ µάλλον, ανεκήρυξας Πάτερ, φυσική διαφέρόντα. 

ara jerCinebiseuli winaaRmdegobebiT, aramed xarisxiT gayofili bunebiT gansxvavebuli 

ori neba iqadage mamao 

∆ύο Πάτερ ειδότες, ενεργείας τού οίκτω, σεσαρκωµένου Θεού, διττάς αυτεξουσίους, θελήσεις διδαχθέντες, υπό σού 

αναµέλποµεν... 

ganxorcielebuli RmerTis Tanalmobis or energias vicnobT da ormag TviTmflobel 

nebas vswavlobT Sengan da [sagalobels] aRvavlenT... 

Ξενωθείς απάσης, ηδονής µακάριε θανατηφόρου, σεαυτόν ειργάσω, όλον ακηλίδωτον έσοπτρον θείον 

ucxoeqmen ra yovelgvar sikvdilismomtan siamovnebas, sakuTari Tavi moimoRvawe da 

mTlianad daulaqavebeli saRvTo sarke gaxdi 

(21 ianvaris wm. maqsime aRmsarebelis akoluTiidan 

TA ΜΗΝΑΙΑ 

Ιουανάριος 

ΤΗ ΚΑ' ΤΟΥ ΑΥΤΟΥ ΜΗΝΟΣ 

Μνήµη τού Οσίου Πατρός ηµών Μαξίµου τού Οµολογητού.) 

1

Sesavali 5 

1. wminda maqsime aRmsarebeli Tanamedrove qarTul gamokvlevebSi 

Sesavali 7 

1.1. maqsimes “cxovreba” da monoTelituri eresi 8 

1.2. logosis antikuri cneba dionises areopagelTan 

da maqsimesTan 28 

1.3. maqsime winamorbed tradiciasTan mimarTebaSi. 

Secnobadi da Seucnobadi RmerTSi 34 

1.4. qmnilebis ontologiuri safuZvlis wvdoma 37 

1.5. wminda werili, rogorc RvTisSemecnebis evqaristiuli veli 51 

Sejameba 53 

2. dionise areopagelis RvTisSemecneba, rogorc evqaristiuli ontologia 

Sesavali 58 

2.1. RvTisSemecnebis meTodebi 58 

2.1.1. transcendentaluri meTodi 59 

2.1.2. RvTisSemecnebis katafatikuri da 

apofatikuri meTodebi 61 

Sejameba 68 

2.2. evqaristiuli RvTisSemecneba 

Sesavali 69 

2.2.1. ierarqia da Tavisufleba anu 

ierarqiis “moqnilobis” xarisxi 70 

2

2.2.2. rituali da wminda werili 80 

2.2.3. simboloebi da saRvToTa xedva 83 

2.2.4. kacobrivi siqvelis misterialuri ganzomileba 84 

Sejameba 88 

daskvnis magier 89 

3. maqsime aRmsareblis evqaristiuli msoflxedva 

3.1. maqsime aRmsareblis Teologiis wanamZRvarebi 

3.1.1. RmerTsityvis logosebis tani 

da qmnilebis ontologiuri statusi 91 

3.1.2. arsebulTa logosebi da saRvTo energiebi, 

rogorc qmnilebis Tavisuflebis garemo 105 

3.2. RvTisSemecneba da siyvaruli maqsime aRmsarebelTan 

3.2.1. RvTisSemecneba da praqtikuli moRvaweoba 115 

3.2.2. siyvarulis ucodinroba 120 

3.2.3. sulis Zalebis evqaristiuli aRdgena 133 

3.2.4. codna, rogorc siyvarulSi Tavisufleba 155 

3.3. siyvaruli da evqaristia 

3.3.1. siyvarulis evqaristiuli ontologia 175 

3.3.2. siyvarulis evqaristiuli esqatologia 180 

3.3..3. arsebulTa evqaristiuli erTianoba 183 

3.3.4. arsebulTa logosebis evqaristiuli xedva, 

rogorc ganRmrToba 185 

Sejameba 195 

3

4. pirovnebacentruli anu decentruli evqaristiuloba 

Sesavali 197 

4.1. apokatastasisi, rogorc evqaristiuli movlena 197 

4.2. droisa da maradiulobis erTianoba evqaristiul RvTisSemecnebaSi 204 

4.3. RvTisSemecneba, rogorc evqaristiuli misia 209 

Sejameba 212 

5. evqaristiuli rituali, rogorc sazogadoebrivi movlena 

Sesavali 214 

5.1. ritualis metafizika 214 

5.2. dramaturgiuli codna 219 

5.3. Teurgiuli rituali 226 

5.4. berZnuli polisi da qristianuli eklesia 227 

5.5. ritualuri Semecneba maqsime aRmsrebelTan 231 

Sejameba 244 

daskvnis magier 247 

gamoyenebuli literatura 265 

4

Sesavali 

sagani anTropologia zogadad gulisxmobs socialur mecnierebas, 

romelic swavlobs adamians, rogorc socialur arsebas. cxadia, rom 

anTropologia, rogorc disciplina, ver iqneba Tavisi epoqis 

epistemologiuri da metafizikuri doqtrinebis zegavlenisagan 

Tavisufali. anu, anTropologia uTuod asaxavs Tavisi epoqis 

problematikas da gulisxmobs ama Tu im filosofiur bazas. aseve 

cxadia, rom Teologiuri anTropologia, romelic aris mecniereba 

adamianis RmerTTan mimarTebis Sesaxeb, ver iqneba sruliad 

damoukidebeli – igi yovelTvis romelime saxis Teologiis an religiis 

konteqstSi unda ganixilebodes. metic, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, Teologiisa 

da anTropologiis kavSiri imdenad Rrma da mWidroa, rom maTi 

gancalkeveba SeuZlebelia. mag., zogierTi qristiani Teologi aRiarebs, 

rom adamiani ver Seicnobs RmerTs TavisTavad, aramed adamiani swavlobs 

mas mxolod TavisTan urTierTobaSi. ra Tqma unda, aseT SemTxvevaSi ver 

iqneba SesaZlebeli saubari ganyenebul Teologiaze, aramed 

TeoanTropologias (theanthropology). 1 

anTropologiisa da Teologiis swored aseTi 

urTierTgansazRvrebuloba gvaqvs mxedvelobaSi, rodesac vsaubrobT 

evqaristiul 2 anTropologiaze: igi gulisxmobs Tavad adamianis 

agebulebas, mis mimarTebas sxva adamianebTan, sociumTan da zogadad 

mTel samyarosTan, aseve TviTSemecnebas, rogorc RvTisSemecnebas. 

winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens wm. maqsime aRmsareblis SemoqmedebaSi 

swored am Temebis kvlevisa da gaanalizebis mcdelobas. 

naSromi Sedgeba xuTi Tavisagan. TiToeul Tavs darTuli aqvs 

Sesavali da daskvna. amdenad, yoveli Tavi SeiZleba miviCnioT, rogorc 

damoukidebeli erTeuli (garkveuli azriT). 

1 

J. Macquarrie, Anthropology, Theological, Dictonary of the Ecumenical Movement, 2 nd Edition, WCC 

Pubilications, Geneva 2002, 37; D. Naugle, Postmodern A/anthropology, 

http://www.dbu.edu/naugle/pdf/postmodern_anthropology.pdf 

2 cneba ευχαριστία momdinareobs sityvisagan ευχαριστέω (madloba) da aq niSnavs saRvTo 

msaxurebas, wirvas. igi aRiniSneba sxva terminebiTac: Θεία Κοινωνία (saRvTo ziareba), Άγια 

Κοινωνία (wminda ziareba), Θεία Μετάληψη (saRvTo ziareba/wilmqoneoba), Θεία Λειτουργία (saRvTo 

liturgia). 

5

pirveli Tavi davuTmeT maqsime aRmsareblis saxelTan dakavSirebul 

qarTul samecniero sivrceSi arsebuli naSromebis analizs. am TavSi 

ganixileba maqsimes istoriuli epoqa, biografia da naSromebi. amasTan 

erTad, dasmuli da ganxilulia ramdenime sakiTxi, romelTac Semdgom 

TavebSi kvlav davubrundebiT gansxvavebul aspeqtebSi. 

es naSromi ar ikvlevs maqsimes Teologiis mimarTebas mis 

Tanamedrove Tu winamorbed qristian avtorebTan (es sakiTxi pirvel 

TavSi mxolod nawilobrivaa ganxiluli). am lakunis dasafarad meore 

Tavi mTlianad daTmobili aqvs dionise areopagels. ganvizraxeT 

dionises Teologiis ara amomwuravi gadmocema, aramed misi im niuansebSi 

CaRrmaveba, romelic, Cveni azriT, misgan imemkvidreva maqsimem da aq 

CvenTvis iyo saintereso. ZiriTadad yuradReba gavamaxvileT 

RvTisSemecnebis evqaristiul arsze (rogorc RmerTSi sicocxlis 

mTlianobiT/holistikur aqtze). 

miuxedavad imisa, rom mesame Tavi uSualod maqsimes Teologiis 

detalur ganxilvas eTmoba, qristologiur da triadologiur sakiTxebs 

mxolod im rakursiT vexebiT, ramdenadac maTSi adamianis pirovnuloba 

dainaxeba. anu, Cveni mizania, anTropologiur WrilSi ganvixiloT 

Teologia (wminda samebis Sida sicocxlis sakiTxebi) da oikonomia 

(οικονοµία, wminda samebis Tavis qmnilebebSi garegamovlinebebis sakiTxebi). 

am Tavis ZiriTadi RmerTi-samyaro-sociumi-adamianisa da adamianis, 

rogorc fsiqo-somaturi sicocxlis erTianoba saRvTo siyvarulSi. 

meoTxe Tavi adamianis samyarosTan mimarTebis problemas 

Seiswavlis. xom ar aris qristocentruli samyaro qristomonisturi, anu 

adamianis Tavisuflebis SemzRudveli? iqneb maqsimes TeologiaSi 

arsebobs iseTi safuZvlebi da impulsebi, romlebic saSualebas 

mogvcemda, dagvenaxa adamiani, rogorc RmerTTan erTad 

Tavisufali/TavisuflebaSi Semoqmedi? iqneb SeiZleba, qristocentruloba 

gulisxmobdes policentrulobas, anu TiToeuli, konkretuli adamianis, 

rogorc ganumeorebeli movlenis/xdomilebis, unikalurobasa da mis 

maradiul da waruval Rirebulebas? 

mexuTe TavSi adamiani ganxilulia, rogorc socialuri arseba, 

xolo qristianuli azrovneba _ rogorc berZnuli azrovnebis memkvidre. 

aq naCvenebia, rom adamianis pirovnebad maradi gardasaxva (“gadaxatva”) 

6

gulisxmobs uaxloesi garemos gardasaxvasac. anu, adamianis RvTis msgavs 

hipostasad Camoyalibebis procesi moicavs sociums da masTan erTad 

vlindeba (“ixateba”), rogorc samebis sicocxlis evqaristiuli, anu 

ziarebiTi xati. 

daskvnaSi Sejamebulia naSromis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi. 

qristocentruloba/policentrulobis fonze ikveTeba adamianis maradi 

mdgomareoba, rogorc wminda samebaSi samyaros maradganaxlebadi 

esqatologiur/evqaristiuli sicocxle. 3 

1. wminda maqsime aRmsarebeli Tanamedrove qarTul gamokvlevebSi 

Sesavali 

am Tavis mizania, gavecnoT da gavaanalizoT, Tu rogor aris asaxuli 

Tanamedrove qarTul mecnierebaSi wm. maqsime aRmsareblis 

msoflmxedveloba. am miznidan gamomdinare, SevecdebiT, SevexoT maqsimes 

saxelTan dakavSirebul qarTul enaze gamocemul yvela gamokvlevas, 

romelzec xeli migviwvdeba. Cven TanmimdevrobiT ganvixilavT qarTvel 

avtorebs da maTgan gamovkrebT iseT informacias, romelic pirdapir, an 

SemovliTi gziT mainc, ukavSirdeba maqsimes msoflmxedvelur azrovnebas. 

amave dros, gvinda, paralelurad daixatos maqsimes Teologiuri 

portretic. amrigad, Cven ormagi amocanis winaSe vdgavarT: pirveli, 

amomwuravad gadmovceT da SevajamoT TiToeuli avtoris maqsime 

aRmsarebelTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi; da meore, gavawyoT Cveni teqsti 

ise, rom TandaTanobiT ikveTebodes maqsimes 

msoflmxedvelur/Teologiuri portreti. amasTan erTad, vecdebiT, 

gavaanalizoT ama Tu im avtoris wvlilis Semdgomi SesaZlo 

Teologiuri gamoyeneba/ganviTareba (cxadia, Tu mocemuli avtoris 

teqsti amis saSualebas iZleva). 

dasaxuli ormagi miznis misaRwevad Cven viwyebT lela xoferias 

disertaciis ganxilviT, saidanac aviRebT maqsimes istoriul-Teologiur 

konteqsts, biografias da, nawilobriv, naSromebis bibliografias. Semdeg 

3 έσχατος niSnavs bolos, dasasruls, uSoress, kides; xolo εσχατολογία - swavlebas samyaros 

dasasrulis/aRsasrulis Sesaxeb. anu, esqatologia aris Teologiis dargi, romelic 

ikvlevs samyaros maradiulobaSi gadasvlis da iq arsebobis sakiTxebs. 

7

gadavalT misive statiebze, sadac sxva sakiTxebTan erTad yuradRebas 

gavamaxvilebT ramdenime saRvTismetyvelo problemaze. 

lela aleqsiZis sadisertacio naSromi saSualebas mogvcems, 

gavamravalferovnoT da SedarebiT ufro srulad visaubroT ama Tu im 

Teologiur sakiTxze. 

Tamar oTxmezuris statia dagvexmareba RmerTSemecnebis erTi 

Strixis dakonkretebaSi, romlis Semdegac gadavalT ediSer WeliZis 

filologiur-terminologiur gamokvlevasa da mis Targmanebze. aq kidev 

ufro ganvaviTarebT ramdenime, ukve nacnob, Teologiur niuanss da 

SevxvdebiT axlebs. 

zurab jaSis statia saSualebas mogvcems, erTgvari reziume 

gavukeToT am TavSi mocemul Teologiur problemebs. 

bibliografiul sakiTxebs dawvrilebiT ar SevexebiT. is SeiZleba 

moinaxos sqolioebSi miTiTebul ama Tu im naSromSi. 

rac Seexeba sxva qarTveli avtorebis maqsimes Sesaxeb gamokvlevebs, 

miuxedavad imisa, rom isini TiTqmis srulad arian moyvanili Cvens 

teqstSi, maTze specialurad ar SevCerdebiT, radgan isini ar Seicaven 

raime axal, CvenTvis saintereso informacias da, cxadia, araviTar 

aucileblobas ar warmoadgens erTsa da imaves gameoreba. magaliTad, mas 

Semdeg, rac moviyvanT l. xoferias mier maqsimes Txzulebebis Semcveli 

qarTuli xelnawerebis dazustebul CamonaTvals, aRar mivubrundebiT 

korneli kekeliZis TiTqmis saukunis winandel imave saxis aRweras. 4 

amrigad, am mcire Sesavlis Semdeg gadavdivarT uSualod 

maqsimesTan dakavSirebuli qarTuli samecniero naSromebis ganxilvaze. 5 

1.1. maqsimes “cxovreba” da monoTelituri eresi 

lela xoferia Tavis sadisertacio naSromSi maqsime aRmsareblis 

“pirosTan sityvisgebis” Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi cdilobs ara imdenad 

maqsime aRmsareblis msoflmxedvelobis kvlevas, ramdenadac mas 

4 k. kekeliZes, faqtobrivad, aqvs mxolod erTi naSromi maqsimeze, romelic Seexeba misi 

dakrZalvis adgils. danarCeni informacias gvawvdis mxolod Targmanebisa da 

xelnawerebis Sesaxeb, romelzec sxvadasxva adgilas, cxadia, gveqneba saubari teqstSi. 

5 ucxoenovani gamokvlevebis Sesaxeb ix. СВ. Сальников, Максим Исповедник в исследованиях 

западных и отечественных патрологов, Вестник Челябинского университета, Серия 10, Востоковедение, 

Евразийство, Геополитика, № 2 / 2003; aseve А. Сидоров, Преподобный Максим Исповедник в дискусиях 

востока и запада. Предисловие к русскому изданию книги Жан-Клода Ларше, Преподобный Максим 

Исповедник — посредник между Востоком и Западом, Изд. Сретенского монастыря, Москва 2004 

8

ainteresebs ZiriTadad filologiuri sakiTxebi. igi Tavadve aRniSnavs: 

“[maqsime aRmsareblis] Txzulebebis sxvadasxva epoqaSi sxvadasxva 

saliteraturo skolebSi Sesrulebul TargmanTa Seswavla 

SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs Tvali mivadevnoT qarTuli mTargmnelobiTi 

Teoriis ganviTarebas, vimsjeloT im mizezebze, romelTac ganapirobes 

Txzulebis [“pirosTan sityvisgebis”] orjer Targmna da im miznebze, 

romlebsac isaxavdnen mTargmnelebi am Targmanis Sesrulebisas”. 6 

amrigad, disertaciis mizania, SeZlebisdagvarad gamovlindes 

qarTul TargmanTa Taviseburebebi, daxasiaTdes ori (an meti) qarTveli 

mTargmnelis gansxvavebuli mTargmnelobiTi principebi da miznebi, 

gamoiyos mTargmnelobiTi teqnikis meTodebi da xerxebi, romlebsac es 

mTargmnelebi mimarTavdnen. xolo Tavad maqsimes pirovneba, moRvaweobis 

istoriuli konteqsti da misi msoflmxedveloba ganixileba imdenad, 

ramdenadac es exmareba avtors dasaxuli filologiuri amocanis 

gadawvetaSi. gavadevnebT ra Tvals lela xoferias am naSroms, Cveni 

miznidan gamomdinare, SevCerdebiT mxolod imaze, rac uSualod Seexeba 

maqsime aRmsareblis pirovnebasa da msoflmxedvelobas. 

naSromis Sesavlis pirveli paragrafi sakmaod vrclad da 

detalurad mimoixilavs (Tavad avtori am mimoxilvas uwodebs mokles) 

monoTelituri mwvaleblobis rogorc warmoSobasa da ganviTarebas, aseve 

masTan eklesiis brZolas, romlis flagmanic iyo maqsime aRmsarebeli. 

monoTelituri swavlebis arsi da misi gaumarTlebloba lakonurad asea 

moxazuli: “monoTelitebi uaryofdnen qristes adamianur moqmedebas da 

nebas da qristes adamianur bunebas gaiazrebdnen rogorc sruliad 

pasiursa da umoqmedos. 7 kacobrioba [kacobrivi buneba] logosis xelSi 

6 l. xoferia, maqsime aRmsareblis “pirosTan sityvisgebis” Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi, 

(sadisertacio naSromi filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad), 

Tbilisi 1998, 4. 

7 es mTlad ase rom ar aris, Cans TviT pirosTan sityvisgebidanac. ubralod saxezea 

Cveuli xerxi obieqtis naklovanebebis gadametebuli kritikis fonze mkafiod da 

ilustrirebulad warmoCenisa. Sdr. l. xoferia, maqsime... danarTi teqsti, sityÂsgebaÁ, 

romel iqmna Soris wmidisa maqsimesa da pirosis konstantinepolel patriaqisa 

mwvalebelisa 41, 43, 48: “pÂrros: ukeTu ganyofilebisaTÂs qristes-SorisTa bunebaTaÁsa 

orni iTqumian moqmedebani da ara martoobiTobisaTÂs pirisa erTi, orni moqmedebani 

ipovnen kacisnica arsebiTisaTÂs ganyofilebisa sulisa da sxeulisa misisa. da eseTu 

esreT, samni iyvnen moqmedebani qristesni da ara orni (PG 90,0336A)”. anu, ara adamianis 

bunebis umoqmedobas icavs aq pirosi, aramed sxva ram aqvs mxedvelobaSi. kerZod, 

rogorc adamiani ganiyofa sulad da xorcad da oriveni, cxadia, moqmedeben, magram 

adamianis moqmedeba iTqmis erTad, asevea qristes SemTxvevaSic: moqmedebaa erTi, Tumca 

adamianuri buneba araa umoqmedo: “pÂrros: ara ueWuelad vinaÁTgan orebriv moqmedebda, 

9

iyo ubralo iaraRi, yovelgvari iniciativis gareSe da… qristes mTeli 

adamianuri buneba imarTeboda misi RvTaebriobiT. 8 J. m. garigis sityviT, 

‘maT [monoTelitebs] axasiaTebdaT radikaluri uunaroba, gaegoT 

ucodveloba sxvagvarad, vidre, rogorc sikeTis arsebiTi zewola 

kacobriv nebaze’.” 9 

marTlmadideblebi am pozicias upirispirebdnen Teorias, romlis 

mixedviTac qristeSi iyo ori _ RvTaebrivi da kacobrivi moqmedeba da 

neba. logosis hipostasTan erTianobiT mTeli adamianuri buneba aris 

ganRmrTobili da adamianuri neba qristeSi arasodes ar upirispirdeba 

RvTaebrivs. qristes nebaTa da moqmedebaTa Soris ar arsebobs 

dapirispirebuloba da isini srul harmoniasa da TanxmobaSi 

TanamSromloben. swored aseT erTianobaSi xedavdnen orTodoqsebi 

fsevdo dionises gamoTqmis -RmerTkacobrivi moqmedebis 10 (θεανδρική ενέργεια)- 

axsnas. es moqmedeba miuTiTebda ori moqmedebis TanamSromlobaze 

logosis pirovnebis mier dasaxuli Sedegis misaRwevad. 11 

maqsimes cxovreba aRiwereba ZiriTadad ori gansxvavebuli 

“cxovrebiT” – berZnuliTa da siriuliT. berZnuli “cxovreba”, romelic 

tradiciulia marTlmadideblobisaTvis, Seqmnili unda iyos ara V 

msoflio krebis periodSi, rogorc amas adre varaudobdnen, aramed 

mxolod X s-is Sua xanebSi, SesaZloa studieli monazvnis, miqael 

eqsabulitis mier da, amrigad, sxvadasxva wyaros gviandel kompilacias 

warmoadgens. es kompilaciuri “cxovreba” maqsimes realuri cxovrebis 

faqtebis arcodnis gamo savsea Cveulebrivi hagiografiuli “toposebiT”. 

rac Seexeba siriul versias, romelic gamoaqveyna s. brokma, 

miewereba vinme giorgi reSainels, sofroni ierusalimelis mowafes da, 

amrigad, maqsimes Tanamedrovesa da Tanamowafes, romelic Semdeg 

monoTelitTa mxareze gadavida. es, faqtobrivad, aris pamfleti 

orni iyvnes moqmedebani misni, aramed vinaÁTgan martoÁ iyo moqmedi – erTi (PG 90,0340Β). 

[...] erTisa moqmedebisa metyuelni RmrTeebisa da kacebisa qristesisani ara sityÂTa 

bunebisaÁTa vityÂT amas yofad mis Soris, aramed guariTa SeerTebisaÁTa (PG 90,0340D). [...] 

ara mosaspobelad kacobrivisa moqmedebisad vityÂT erTsa moqmedebasa, aramed vinaÁTgan 

ganwinaukmoebuli (αντιδιαστελλοµένη, SewinaaRmdegebuli) saRmrToÁsaÁ vnebad iTqmis, 

amisTÂs (PG 90,0350)”. 

8 l. xoferia, maqsime... 6. 


10 aRsaniSnavia, rom swored “dionises” am orazrovnad frazas iyenebdnen monoTelitebi 

TavianTi poziciis dasacavad. Sdr. sityÂsgebaÁ, romel iqmna Soris wmidisa maqsimesa da 

pirosis... 46, 47 (PG 90, 0345C, 0348A) 


10

“maqsimianTa eresis” winaaRmdeg, Tumca, mainc Seicavs garkveul sando 

informacias. 

berZnuli da siriuli biografiebi gansakuTrebiT sxvaoben maqsimes 

adreuli wlebis Txrobisas. 

berZnuli “cxovrebis” Tanaxmad, maqsime iyo warCinebuli ojaxidan, 

SesaniSnavi filosofiuri ganaTlebis mqone. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi 

iyo imperator herakles pirveli mdivani, saero didebas monazvnuri 

cxovreba arCia xrizopolisis monasterSi, 12 sadac male winamZRvrad 

daadgines. rodesac monoTelitoba gaZlierda, maqsimem datova es 

monasteri da CrdiloeT afrikaSi gaemgzavra. 

siriuli cxovrebis mixedviT, maqsime iyo samariteli vaWrisa da 

sparsi mona qalis ukanono Svili. igi daibada palestinis xeSvinSi da 

saxelad ewoda mosxioni. 13 aTi wlis mosxioni daoblda, misi ojaxis 

mfarvelma mRvdelma igi palestinis cnobil monasterSi, “Zvel lavraSi”, 

waiyvana, sadac mosxions maqsime uwodes. 

amave siriuli “cxovrebis” mixedviT, keisris karTan maqsimes 

daaxloeba sxvagvarad aixsneba. palestinaze sparselTa Tavdasxmebis gamo 

614 wels maqsime tovebs “Zvel lavras” da miemarTeba konstantinepolSi, 

an SesaZloa, imave xrisopolisis monasterSi. aq mas unda gaecno herakle 

keisris pirveli colis piradi mdivani saxelad stasi, romelmac igi 

daaaxlova saimperatoro karis didebulebTan. 617 wels maqsime ukve 

namdvilad konstantinepolSia 14 da keisris karTan daaxloebul wreebSi 

trialebs. 

626 wels maqsime tovebs dedaqalaqs. 626-630 wlebSi, rogorc Cans, igi 

mogzaurobda saberZneTsa da Crd. afrikas Soris. iyo kretaze, sadac 

gamarTa disputi severianel (monofizitTa erT-erTi frTa) 

episkoposebTan. SesaZloa, is iyo kviproszec. 632 wels igi ukve 

karTagenSia. aq “evkratis” monasterSi Sexvda sofroni ierusalimels, 

romelic imJamad monastris winamZRvari iyo. 633 wels maqsime, SesaZloa, 


13 aseve ix. Al. Pauline & N.Bronwen, Introduction to Maximus the Confessor, Maximus the Confessor and his 

Companions. Documents from Exile, Oxford University Press, 2002, 8-30; P.Jungwirth, Life of St. Maximus, 

(http://9stmaryrd.com/shared/st_maximus_bibliography.pdf); А.И. Сидоров, Некоторые замечания к биографии 

Максима Исповедника, ВВ. Т. 47. М., 1987. misive Преподобный Максим Исповедник: эпоха, жизнь, 

творчество, Творения преподобного Максима Исповедника. Книга I. M., 1993. Д.А. Поспелов, Преподобный 

Максим Исповедник как историческое лицо и богослов, Диспут с Пирром. Преп. Максим Исповедник и 

христологические споры VII столетия М., 2004, 15-144; 


11

sofronis gahyoloda aleqsandriaSi da Sexvedroda kiros (kÂros) 

fazisels monofizitebTan uniis Sesaxeb sasaubrod. 

siriuli biografiis mixedviT, maqsimem 634 wlis Semdeg garkveuli 

xani dayo palestinasa da siriaSi. 15 

sofroni ierusalimelis sikvdilis Semdeg maqsime xdeba 

antimonoTelituri moZraobis lideri. Tavdapirvelad igi Rebulobs 

“fsefoss”, romelic aris 633 wlis bolos an 634 wlis dasawyisSi sergi 

konstantinepolelis mier gamoqveynebuli sapatriarqo dadgenileba, 

romelSic saRvTismetyvelo kamaTebis Tavidan asacileblad ikrZaleba 

qristes rogorc erTi, aseve ori moqmedebis (ori bunebiTi energiis) 

Sesaxeb saubari. 16 maqsimes aseTi reaqcia am dokumentze aixsneba imiT, 

rom, jer erTi, masSi maqsimem dainaxa aleqsandriuli monoenergizmis 

(qristeSi erTi bunebiTi moqmedebis Sesaxeb swavlebis) uaryofa da 

meorec, Tavad maqsimes sabolood jer kidev ar hqonda gaazrebuli 

qristes nebaTa da moqmedebaTa problema. 

magram “ekTesisis” (herakle keisris xelmoweriT gamosuli sergisa 

da xrizopolisis iRumenis, pirosis Sedgenili dokumenti, romelic 

krZalavda qristes bunebebis Sesaxeb disputs da aRiarebda qristeSi erT 

nebas 17 ) gamoqveynebis Semdeg, maqsime aSkarad upirispirdeba 

konstantinepolis oficialur mrwamss. igi karTagenSi wers mraval 

antimonoTelitur traqtats da wamyvan rols asrulebs dasavleTSi 

Sesabamisi Zalebis konsolidaciisaTvis. igi mudmiv kavSirSia romis 

saydarTan. 645 wels disputs marTavs pirosTan (sergis Semdegi 

konstantinepolis patriarqi). 

maqsime, rogorc Cans, aqtiurad monawileobda 649 wlis oqtomberSi 

romSi gamarTul lateranis antimonoTelitur krebaSi 18 da iyo dogmatur 

gansazRvrebaTa realuri avtori. 

siriuli biografiis mixedviT, maqsime 552 wels papi martines raRac 

davalebiT Tavisi nebiT Cadis konstantinepolSi, sadac SemdgomSi 

daapatimres. 19 


16 ix. l. xoferia, maqsime... 9. 

17 ix. l. xoferia, maqsime... 9. 


19 В. Neil, The Lives of Pope Martin I and Maximus the Confessor: some reconsideration of dating and provenance, 

Byzantion, 68 (1998). Paris-Bruxelles, 1998 

12

655 wels maqsime da misi mowafe anastasi gaasamarTles. am process 

hqonda politikuri 20 sababi, radgan maqsimes adanaSaulebdnen rwmenis 

sakiTxebSi samefo Zalauflebis uaryofaSi, romelmac xeli Seuwyo 

arabTa mier afrikis dapyrobasa da romis eklesiis konstantinepolTan 

ganxeTqilebas. 

maqsime gadaasaxles bizikiaSi. 

662 wels maqsimes anastasisTan erTad asamarTlebs monoTelituri 

sinodi, mas miesaja marjvena xelisa da enis mokveTa, da gadasaxleba 

lazikis erT-erT adgilas, amJamindeli leCxumis raionSi, sadac 662 

wels gardaicvala. 

aqve gvinda gavakeToT mokle gadaxveva da ganvixiloT svaneTisa da 

leCxumis episkoposis, stefanes (kalaijiSvili) gamokvleva (statiis 

saxiT) maqsimes saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis, gardacvalebisa da 

dakrZalvis Sesaxeb. es statia Seicavs detalur informacias adre 

Catarebul (a. briliantovisa da k. kekeliZis) analogiur gamokvlevebze. 

mocemulia qronologia, Tu vis mier (pirovnebis, organizaciis Tu 

dawesebulebis), sad, ra viTarebaSi, ratom da ra saxiT ikvlevdnen 

maqsimes da mis TanmxlebTa saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebasa da, 

gansakuTrebiT, dakrZalvis adgilsamyofels. ganxilulia da mkacrad 

uaryofili maqsimes neStis konstantinepolSi gadasvenebis Sesaxeb 

informacia (es cnoba mocemulia 1806-1820 wlebSi berZnulad dabeWdil 

maqsimes cxovrebaSi 21 ). dadasturebulia cixesimagre sqimarisis arseboba 

da zustad gansazRvrulia misi mdebareobis adgili (es cixesimagre 

moxseniebulia wyaroebSi, magram episkopos stefanes mixedviT, 

Tanamedrove mkvlevarebisaTvis misi adgilmdebareoba daudgeneli 

rCeboda). radgan es gamokvleva aranair Teologiur informacias ar 

Seicavs da Cven aq ar gvainteresebs misi detalebi, moviyvanT mxolod mis 

daskvnas: 

20 maqsimes saxelmwifos politikasTan damokidebulebis Sesaxeb ix. Ал. Сидоров, Некоторые 

аспекты экклесиологии преподобного Максима Исповедника, Богословская Конференция Русской 

Православной Церкви, 17 - 20 ноября 2003 г, Москва 2004 

21 episkoposi stefane, wminda maqsime aRmsareblis saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebis, misi 

gardacvalebisa da dakrZalvis adgilmdebareobis dadgenisaTvis, gazeTi xvamli 2003, # 

3-4, 10-13. agreTve ix. ep. stefane, wminda maqsime aRmsareblis saqarTveloSi 

gadmosaxlebis, misi gardacvalebisa da dakrZalvis adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb, cxovreba 

wmidisa maqsime aRmsareblisa, (gamomcemloba, gamocemis adgili da TariRi miTiTebuli 

araa), 60-95. 

13

“skimari aris wm. maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebaSi moxseniebuli 

bizantiuri cixe-simagre sqimari. aq igi [maqsime] iqna 

gadmosaxlebuli, aqve gardaicvala da daikrZala, Semdeg ki 680 

wlidan VIII s-is aTian wlebamde misi nawilebi aRmoiyvanes da 

gadaasvenes cagerTan axlos muris cixis ZirSi mdebare arsenis 

monasterSi, romelsac Semdgom wminda maqsime aRmsareblis saxeli 

ewoda, misi neStis iq dasaflavebis gamo. misi neSti dResac 

mdebareobs muris cixesTan wm. maqsime aRmsareblis monasterSi 

agebul mcire eklesiis trapezis qveS. zemomoyvanil msjelobas 

sabolood naTels mohfens saTanado arqeologiuri kvleva”. 22 

Cveni mxriv gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom arqeologiuri kvleva ukve Catarebula 

1914 wels (am informacias, albaT, ar flobda episkoposi stefane). eTer 

qavTaraZem gamosca wigni daviT yifSiZe (cxovreba da moRvaweoba), sadac 

aris mocemuli swored es informacia. eTer qavTaraZe wers: 

“d. yifSiZis saxeli mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli maqsime aRmsareblis 

pirovnebis kvlevis istoriasTan. mis arqivSi inaxeba nawyveti 

moxsenebisa, romelic peterburgis universitetis qarTuli 

samecniero wris sxdomaze waikiTxa 1914 wlis 27 oqtombers.. [...] 

peterburgis sasuliero akademiis profesorma briliantovma aRZra 

sinodSi sakiTxi muris eklesiasTan arqeologiuri cda 

momxdariyo. [...] sinodma es [niko] mars miando. [...] 25 ivnisidan 17 

ivlisamde grZeldeboda muSaoba”. 23 

es muSaoba gaurkveveli mizezebis gamo Sewyda. daviT yifSiZis dRiurebi 

arafers ar ambobs am mizezis Sesaxeb, magram TiTqmis detalurad aRwers 

muris cixesTan Catarebul samuSaos. detalebi CvenTvis saintereso araa. 

mxolod imis aRniSvna gvinda, rom arqeologiuri kvlevis Sedegi 

uaryofiTi aRmoCnda. 24 

isev mivadevnoT Tvali lela xoferias disertacias. maqsimes 

mravalplaniani da mravalferovani SemoqmedebiT dasrulda patristikis 

epoqa. am Semoqmedebaze didi zegavlena iqonies evagre pontoelma, fsevdo 

dionisem, kabadokielebma, neoaleqsandrielebma 25 da, SesaZloa, makari 

megviptelmac, romelsac maqsime uSualod, an diadoxos fotikelis 

meSveobiT icnobda. magram maqsimem saRvTismetyvelo sinTezi, ZiriTadad 

mainc, sakuTar sulier gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT moaxdina. 

maqsimes Txzulebebi ramdenime jgufad SeiZleba daiyos. esenia: 

1. egzegetikuri. 

22 episkoposi stefane, wminda maqsime aRmsareblis... 12. 

23 e. qavTaraZe, daviT yifSiZe (cxovreba da moRvaweoba), Tbilisi 1992, 65. 

24 ix. e. qavTaraZe, daviT yifSiZe... 151-158. 


14

a) “kiTxva-migeba Talasesadmi”, romelic warmoadgens saRmrTo 

werilis rTul adgilTa komentars, anu ganmartebas; 

b) kidev erTi “kiTxva-migeba”; 

g) “59-e fsalmunis ganmarteba” 

d) “mamao Cvenos ganmarteba”; 

e) “Teopempte sqolastikosisadmi”; 

v) “ambigva Tomasadmi” da “ambigva ioanesadmi” (“sxvadasxva 

siZnelis Sesaxeb”), anu fs. dionisesa da grigoli nazianzelis 

TxzulebaTa rTul adgilTa ganmartebebi. 26 am ambigvebs 

SeiZleba miekuTvnos “meore werili Tomasadmi”; 

z) sqolioebi fs. dionises Txzulebebze (miCneulia, magram ara 

gansazRvruli, rom es sqolioebi, ZiriTadad, ekuTvnis ioane 

skiTopolels (skÂTopolels) da maT Soris mxolod mciredia 

maqsimesi); 

T) “mistagogia” _ liturgikuli komentari (aq maqsime scildeba 

liturgikuli komentaris Janris sazRvrebs, radgan es 

nawarmoebi aseve aris Teologiur-asketuri Txzuleba). 

zogadad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom wm. werilisa da mamaTa teqstebis 

ganmartebisas maqsime, ZiriTadad, misdevs aleqsandriuli skolis 

alegoriuli komentaris tradicias. 

2. “Tavebi”. 

a) “orasi Tavi RvTismetyvelebisaTvis da xorcielad 

gangebulebisa Zisa kacisa; 

b) “15 Tavi RvTismetyvelebasa da gangebulebaze”; 

g) “10 Tavi RvTismetyvelebasa da gangebulebaze” 

(dasaxelebuli “15 Tavi” da “10 Tavi” aris avTenturi nawili 

gviandeli kompilaciisa “500 Tavi RvTismetyvelebasa da 

gangebulebaze”); 

d) ”siyvarulis oTxaseuli”. 

3. asketuri. 

a) ”siyvarulis oTxaseulis” Taviseburi gagrZelebaa asketuri 

xasiaTis “epistole ioane kubikularis mimarT siyvarulze”; 

b) “asketuri sityva”. 


15

4. dogmatur-polemikuri Txzulebebi. “pirosis mimarT 

sityvisgeba”, aseve sxva 27 Txzuleba. 

5. ormocdaaTi “epistole”. 

calke gamosayofia “mokle ganmarteba uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristes 

aRdgomisa”, romelic eZRvneba aRdgomis dRis gamoTvlas bibliur da 

warmarTul qronologiebTan kavSirSi. 27 

aseve, arsebobs maqsimes TxzulebaTa calkeuli fragmentebi, 

romlebmac Cvenamde sxvadasxva krebuliTa da kateniT moaRwies. 

rac Seexeba “RvTismSoblis cxovrebas”, man mxolod eqvTime 

aTonelis mier Sesrulebuli qarTuli TargmaniT moaRwia (dawerili 

unda iyos 625 wlamde). 

maqsimes popularoba da gavlena momdevno xanis RvTismetyvelebaze 

didi iyo. man gansakuTrebuli gavlena iqonia svimeon axal 

RvTismetyvelsa da grigol palamaze. laTinur dasavleTSi man 

gansakuTrebiT imoqmeda ioane skot erugenas (eriugenas) 

msoflmxedvelobaze. 28 magram miuxedavad aseTi didi popularobisa da 

gavlenisa, s. averincevis TqmiT, maqsimes originaluri filosofiuri 

koncefciebi TiTqmis ver poulobdnen gamoZaxils. 

maqsimes filosofiuri masStabi xelaxla aRmoaCines XX saukuneSi. 

1940 wlidan iwyeba misi dadebiTad gadafaseba. gamocemulia ramdenime 

aTeuli wigni da statia, romlebic miZRvnilia maqsimes Teologiis 

sxvadasxva aspeqtisadmi. 

naSromis Sesavlis mesame paragrafi Seexeba maqsimes TxzulebaTa 

qarTul Targmanebs. dadgenilia am Targmanebis daaxloebiTi raodenoba. 

gamoqveynebuli mxolod erTia –“RvTismSoblis cxovreba”. 29 

aRsaniSnavia, rom maqsimes nawarmoebebi ar Targmnila qarTulad 

eqvTimemde. misi naTargmnia: 

1. “sityuisgebaÁ romel iqmna Soris wmidisa maqsimessa da 

piros konstantinepolel patriarqisa mwvalebelisa”; 

27 l. xoferia, maqsime... 19. CamoTvlili saxelwodebebi aq mocemulia lela xoferias 

mixedviT. SemdgomSi isini mogvyavs Cveneburi TargmaniT mag. “ambigva Tomasadmi” da 

“ambigva ioanesadmi” Cven mogvyavs ise, rogorc is aris Patrologia Greca –Si anu 

“sxvadasxva siZnelis Sesaxeb” 



16

2. “netarisa Talases mimarT xucisa da mamasaxlisisa 

mravalTa monasterTaÁsa sityuaTaTuis, romelTa 

ganmartebaÁ eTxoa netarisa maqsimesgan”; 

3. “sityuani saxarebisani, gamokrebilni wminda mamaTa mier 

wmidisa maqsimes TqumulTagan” (es aris florilegiumi 

maqsimes egzegetikur TxzulebaTagan); 

4. “TargmanebaÁ ZniadgulisxmissayofelTa sityuaTaA qristes 

Sobisa sakiTxavisaTa grigol RmrTismetyuelisa” (es aris 

grigol RvTismetyvelis krebulSi Sesuli “ambigva 

ioanesadmis” nawili); 

5. “qebaÁ da didebaÁ, SesxmaÁ da galobaÁ yovladwmidisa, 

uxrwnelisa da umetesad kurTxeulisa dedoflisa Cuenisa 

RmrTismSobelisa da maradis qalwulisa mariamisa da 

uwyebaÁ ubiwoÁsa mis da sanatrelisa moqalaqobisa 

misisaÁ”; 

6. “swavlaÁ monisa RmrTisa sergis mimarT magistrosisa”; 

7. asketuri Txzuleba “sityuisgebisaTÂs vnebaTaÁsa miwerili 

Talases mimarT”; 

8. “swavlani sulierni”; 

9. “swavlaTagan maqsime aRmsareblisa, romeli meequsisa 

krebisagan gamobrwyinda”; 

10. “swavlaTagan wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa maqsime aRmsareblisa”. 

rogorc k. kekeliZe aRniSnavda, SeiZleba, maqsimes es bolo sami 

asketuri xasiaTis swavlaTa krebuli eqvTime aTonelis mier iyos 

Sedgenili. aseve SesaZlebelia, rom igi yofiliyo berZnuli 

originalidan Targmnili. eqvTimem aseve Targmna maqsimes “cxovreba”. 

XII saukunis erTaderT gelaTur nusxaSi (№14) daculia 

elinofiluri gelaTuri saliteraturo skolis normebiT Sesrulebuli 

TargmanTa krebuli. es nusxa Seicavs: 

1. “Talases mimarT yovlad Rirsisa xucisa da winamZRvrisa 

TiTosaxeTa uRonobisaTÂs wmidisa werilisaTa”; 

2. “pirosisa da maqsimes sityuisgeba”; 

17

3. “locuisaTvis ‘mamao CuenoÁsa’ qristesmoyuarisa visme 

mimarT, TargmanebaÁ Semoklebuli”; 30 

4. “yovlad ganTqmulsa patriksa ufalsa petres mdabali 

maqsime monazoni: moTxrobaÁ Tav-Tavedi qristes RmrTisa 

Cuenisa sacxorebelisa paseqisaTÂs, aRmwerelisa mier 

kanonisa Targmanebuli”; 

5. “oraseuli RmrTismetyuelebisaTÂs da Ãorcielad 

gangebulebisaTÂs Zisa RmrTisa; 

6. “Tavni aTxuTmetni”; 

7. “elpidis mimarT xucisa ‘oTxaseuli’ winaSesavliTurT”. 

bolo sami Targmanis avtorad ediSer WeliZe efrem mcires 

varaudobs. 31 

am nusxaSi aseve Sesulia sxva dogmatur-polemikuri xasiaTis 

traqtatebi da maqsimes epistoleebi. 32 

pirveli sami Targmanis avtorad k. kekeliZe miiCnevs nikoloz 

gulaberiZes. savaraudoa, rom mkvlevari eyrdnoba z. WiWinaZis arasando 

monacemebs. el. metreveli ierusalimis jvris monastris aRapebSi 

daculi nikoloz gulaberiZis mier dawerili aRapis da xelnawer gel. 

14-is paleografiuli analizis safuZvelze askvnis, rom aRniSnuli 

xelnaweri marTlac nikoloz gulaberiZes unda ekuTvnodes. magram, l. 

xoferias azriT, es monacemi mainc ar aris sakmarisi, raTa gel. 14 

uTuod nikoloz gulaberiZis Targmnilad CaiTvalos. 33 

meoTxe paragrafi Seexeba “pirosTan sityvisgebis” qarTul 

Targmanebs. 

“pirosTan sityvisgeba” warmoadgens antimonoTelitur naSroms da 

aris eqspatriarq pirosTan karTagenSi 645 wels gamarTuli sajaro 

disputis Canaweri. 647 wlamde teqsti gadaiwera romSi. Txzuleba 

dawerilia dialogis formiT. pirobiTad is iyofa or nawilad: qristes 

nebaTa da qristes moqmedebaTa sakiTxebis ganxilvad. 





18

maqsime diskusias iwyebs monoTelitTa argumentebis kritikiT. mis 

yovel kritikaze pirosi pasuxobs kontrargumentebiT, romelsac maqsime 

abaTilebs da TandaTan asabuTebs, rom monoTelitobis logika uaryofs 

qristes or bunebasac da, amrigad, gankacebis saidumlosac. 

Txzulebis bolos pirosi darwmundeba maqsimes doqtrinis 

sisworeSi da aRiarebs mis marTebulobas: 34 

“pirosi: namdvilad energiebis Sesaxeb msjelobam mcdarad gamoaCina erTi 

moqmedeba nebismieri saxiT qristeze Tqmuli. aramed viTxov patiebas 

CemTvisac da Cem win yofilebisaTvisac (προλαβόντων). ucodinrobis gamo 

CavvardiT am araswor cnebebsa da mcdelobebSi. da gTxovT, vipovoT raime 

gza, raTa es Semotanili cdomilebebi gabaTildes da Cem uwin yofilTa 

xsovnac SenarCundes”. 35 

mexuTe paragrafi ganixilavs “pirosTan sityvisgebis” qarTul TargmanTa 

Semcvel xelnawerebs. 36 

meeqvse paragrafSi l. xoferia cdilobs, daadginos qarTul 

TargmanTa berZnuli wyaroebi. am paragrafs aq ar SevexebiT, radgan masSi 

dasmuli sakiTxebi ufro amomwuravadaa ganxiluli lela xoferiasave 

calke gamoqveynebul statiaSi, romelsac qvemoT gavecnobiT. 

amiT mTavrdeba disertaciis Sesavali da CvenTvis saintereso 

nawili. danarCeni mTlianad eTmoba filologiur sakiTxebs. ra Tqma 

unda, es filologiuri gamokvleva SeiZleba waadges maqsime aRmsareblis 

msoflmxedvelobiT ama Tu im mizeziT dainteresebulT, magram igi iseT 

vrcel CarCos moxazavs, rom amjerad, Znelia, mis raime konkretul 

sargeblianobaze vilaparakoT. am viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT Cven aq 

vasrulebT l. xoferias am naSromis mimoxilvas da davaskvniT: 37 


35 

wminda maqsimes pirosTan ganxilva PG 91, 0352CD: “pÂrros: nandÂlve moqmedebaTa- 

ZliTmanca Ziebaman uadgilod aCuena erTi moqmedebaÁ, viTariTaca guariTa Tqmuli 

qristesa zeda. garna Sendobasa viTxov Tavisaca Cemisa da pirvel yofilTaTÂsca. 

rameTu umecrebisagan STavvardi uadgiloTa amaT guliszraxvaTa da ÃelyofaTa. da 

mlocvel var povnad guarisa, raTa zedSemosrulica ese uadgilobaÁ ganqardes da 

saÃsenebeli pirvel warsrulTaÁ dacvul iqmnes” (sityÂsgebaÁ, romel iqmna Soris 

wmidisa maqsimesa da pirosis... 49-50). 

36 ix. l. xoferia, maqsime... 25-26. 

37 Tavad l. xoferias daskvnebia: 1. “pirosTan sityvisgebam” ori Zveli qarTuli 

TargmaniT moaRwia. erTi ekuTvnis efTvime aTonels, xolo meore _ gelaTis 

saliteraturo skolidanaa. sakiTxi, aris Tu ara nikoloz gulaberiZis mier 

Sesrulebuli es Targmani, jerjerobiT Riad rCeba. 2. aRniSnuli Targmanebi 

Sesrulebulia gansxvavebuli miznebiTa da mTargmnelobiTi principebiT da asaxaven 

qarTuli mTargmnelobiTi Teoriis ganviTarebis garkveul etapebs, TavianTi epoqebis 

kulturul viTarebas da moTxovnilebebs. 3. efTvimes Targmani Tavisufali da 

gadamuSavebuli Targmania da gamiznulia “litoni” mkiTxvelisaTvis. 4. Targmanis im 

nawilSi, sadac efTvime misdevs teqsts, aRwevs dedanTan ekvivalentobas da bunebrivi 

qarTuliT naTlad da gasagebad gadmoscems azrs. 5. gelaTuri Targmani ganpirobebuli 

19

maqsime aRmsareblis msoflmxedvelobiT dainteresebulTaTvis 

lela xoferias sadisertacio naSromi iZleva saintereso da friad 

vrcel informacias maqsimes moRvaweobis istoriul konteqstze, mis 

biografiasa da epoqis Teologiur problematikaze. aseve, qronologiis 

gareSe, magram srulad aris mocemuli maqsimes Txzulebebis CamonaTvali 

da misi qarTuli Targmanebi. am filologiurma gamokvlevam maqsimes 

swavlebiT dainteresebul qarTvel mkiTxvels SeiZleba gauadvilos 

gelaTuri Targmnis adekvaturi gageba. xolo es garemoeba, Tavis mxriv, 

SesaZloa mniSvnelovani aRmoCndes maqsimes ufro siRrmiseulad 

wvdomisaTvis. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs is faqti, rom nebismieri Targmani 

dedanis, garkveulwilad, komentaricaa. amrigad, qarTvel mkiTxvels 

sakuTriv maqsimes azris wvdomasTan erTad misi qarTuli komentaris 

gacnobis saSualebac eZleva. amave dros, cnobilia, rom maqsimes teqstebi 

Znelad gasagebia da zogierTi misi pasaJi iZleva variantuli wakiTxvis 

SesaZleblobas. gelaTuri Targmani SeiZleba am mxrivac aRmoCndes 

saintereso, magram, rogorc vTqviT, es imdenad vrceli CarCoa, rom Cven 

ar gvaqvs aseTi kvlevis Catarebis saSualeba da survili. 

axla gadavideT maqsime aRmsareblis Sesaxeb lela xoferias sxva 

naSromebze. aRniSnul Sromebs ganvixilavT gamoqveynebis 

qronologiurobiT. gamovkrebT imas, rac uSualod Seexeba maqsimes 

swavlebas da ar aris mocemuli (an Cven gamovtoveT) zemoT ganxilul 

sadisertacio naSromSi. ar SevCerdebiT iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa 

eqvTime aTonelis mTargmnelobiTi meTodi an qarTuli enis gramatikis 

problemebi. 

1996 wels Jurnal religiaSi gamoqveynebul statiaSi maqsime 

aRmsareblis “pirosTan sityvisgebis” efvTime aToneliseuli Targmani l. 

xoferia ZiriTadad ganixilavs eqvTime aTonelis mTargmnelobiT meTods. 

unda yofiliyo am epoqis mier gamowveuli Teologiur-filosofiuri xasiaTis 

literaturiT dainteresebiT. 6. gelaTuri Targmanis Taviseburebebi ganpirobebulia 

gelaTis skolaSi SemuSavebuli mTargmnelobiTi meTodiT – dedanTan zedmiwevniTi 

siaxloviT, berZnulis Zlieri gavleniT, originalis ara mxolod azris, aramed yvela 

formaluri Tvisebebis maqsimaluri sizustiT asaxvis mcdelobiT. 

20

miuxedavad amisa, igi gadmoscems maqsimesTan dakavSirebul iseT 

informaciebsac, rac CvenTvisac sainteresoa. 

pirosTan sityvisgebaSi ganxiluli sakiTxebi Tematurad SeiZleba 

sam ZiriTadad jgufad daiyos: 1. sxvadasxva Teologiuri da 

filosofiuri sakiTxis ganxilva; 2. eklesiis mamaTa gamonaTqvamebis 

ganmartebebi; 3. calkeuli epizodebi monoTelitobis ganviTarebis 

istoriidan. 

TxzulebaSi maqsime gansxvavebuli argumentebiT asabuTebs qristes 

or nebasa da or moqmedebas. igi ganixilavs amasTan dakavSirebul mraval 

saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiur problemas, ganmartavs da azustebs 

sxvadasxva cnebasa da maT urTierTmimarTebas. 38 ganxilul problemaTa 

Soris aris: jerCinebis raoba; bunebisa da hipostasis, aseve maTTan nebisa 

da moqmedebis mimarTeba; nebis, rogorc unarisa, da nebis, rogorc 

“nebebulis”, anu nebis obieqtis gansxvaveba; arsebisa da nebis, bunebisa 

da nebis urTierTmimarTeba; bunebiTi sityvisa da arsebobis gvaris, anu 

logosisa da troposis urTierTmimarTeba; adamianSi saTnoebaTa 

(siqveleTa) bunebiTobis problema; “nacvalmicemis” raoba; bunebiTi da 

sqesebri (σχέσις, mimarTebiTi, mimoTviseobiTi) gansakuTrebis problema. 

amasTan erTad, ganxiluli da ukugdebulia Semdegi monoTelituri 

postulatebi: qristeSi aris erTi neba da erTi moqmedeba da es neba da 

moqmedeba hipostasuria; qristes neba jerCinebiTia; mamebma kacobriv 

moqmedebas saRmrTo moqmedebasTan sapirispirod uwodes “vneba” (πάθος) 

(amitom, adamianuri moqmedeba qristeSi unda gadalaxuli da 

ganqarvebuli yofiliyo); ganxorcielebis Semdeg Ze mamasTan erTad aRar 

iRvTismetyveleba (anu, ukve gansxvavebulia misgan jerCinebiT da 

moqmedebiT). 39 

teqstSi dadasturebulia mamaTa eqvsi gamonaTqvamis ganmarteba. 

oTxi uSualod aris qristes ori nebisa da ori moqmedebis dasabuTeba, 

xolo ori citata, kerZod, aTanase didis “uflis goneba ar aris ufali, 

aramed neba, ganzraxva an raimesaken mimarTuli moqmedeba” da dionise 

areopagelis “qriste axali RmerTmamakacebrivi moqmedebiT moqmedebda 

38 l. xoferia, maqsime aRmsareblis “pirosTan sityvisgebis” efvTime aToneliseuli 

Targmani, religia 1996 # 1-2-3, 83. 

39 l. xoferia, maqsime aRmsareblis “pirosTan sityvisgebis” ... 84. 

21

Cven Soris” da maTi maqsimeseuli ganmartebebi ar exeba uSualod 

qristes nebaTa raodenobis problemas (Tumca ukavSirdeba mas), aramed 

Seicavs ufro zogad da sakmaod rTul msjelobebs, pirvel SemTxvevaSi 

uflis gonebis Sesaxeb, nebis, ganzraxvisa da moqmedebis gonebasTan 

mimarTebis Sesaxeb, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi ganixilavs iseT 

filosofiur kategoriaTa gansazRvrebebs, rogoricaa viTareba, 

raodenoba, arseba da sxva. 

teqstSi aseve dasturdeba istoriuli Sinaarsis Txrobis sami 

vrceli pasaJi. 

erTSi moTxrobilia 639 wlis ianvarSi pirosis TavmjdomareobiT 

Catarebuli krebis Sesaxeb, romelzec miiRes monoTelituri “ekTesisi” 

(έκθεσις, gadmocema, ganmarteba). es kreba, maqsimes azriT, ver CaiTvleboda 

uflebamosilad, radgan misi Catarebisas ar dacula rigi saeklesio 

kanonebisa. 

meore fragmentSi moTxrobilia romis papebis, virgiliusisa da 

honoriusis, mier monoTelitobis Sewynarebis Sesaxeb. maqsime asabuTebs, 

rom maT umarTebulod sdeben brals eresis SewynarebaSi. 40 

mesame fragmentSi asaxulia sofroni ierusalimelis Rvawli. 

rogorc vxedavT, l. xoferias am statias uSualod maqsimes 

teqstTan mimarTebaSi mxolod aRweriTi, isic nawilobrivi, xasiaTi aqvs. 

igi ar scdeba filologiuri kvlevis farglebs. Tumca, maqsimes am 

Txzulebis problematikis CamonaTvali TavisTavad Teologiuradac 

sainteresoa. magaliTad, CamonaTvalSi orjer naxsenebi “jerCineba” 

(gnomikuri neba 41 ), romelic erTxel naxsenebia dioTelitur, meored ki _ 

monoTelitur (rom qristes neba hipostasuria da jerCinebiTi) 

konteqstSi, gvibiZgebs gavixsenoT, rom maqsimes swavlebiT qristes ar 

hqonda adamianis hipostasisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli gnomikuri-jerCinebiTi 

neba, anu masSi ar iyo araviTari yoymani arCevanSi da misi adamianis 

40 l. xoferia, maqsime aRmsareblis “pirosTan sityvisgebis” ... 84-85. 

41 gnomikur nebaze, da Cven mier jerCinebad misi Targmnis mizezis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT. 

22

unebiTi neba harmoniulad mihyveboda da Tanavlindeboda missave 

RvTaebriv bunebiT nebasTan erTad. 42 

aseve, sainteresoa eqvTime mTawmindels mTargmnelobiTi meTodis 

ganmartebisas gamovlenili perspeqtivebi: 1. eqvTime amartivebs, 

ganmartavs da akonkretebs maqsimes rTul teqsts (gv. 88-89, 94), rac, 

SesaZloa, daexmaros mkiTxvels, ufro Rrmad Caswvdes maqsimes azrs. 

Tumca, aRsaniSnavia is, rom statiaSi magaliTad moyvanili fragmentebi 

araviTar sirTules ar Seicavs (gv. 99-100). oRond, aris erTi pasaJi, 

romelic gadmoscems eqvTimes erT saintereso ganmartebas. kerZod: 

erTgan maqsime amtkicebs, rom qristes adamianuri (kacobrivi) buneba ar 

gansxvavdeboda Tavisi arsebiT (bunebis logosiT) nebismieri sxva 

adamianis bunebisagan, magram RmerT-logosTan erTianobis gamo qristes 

adamianuri bunebis arsebobis wesi, anu troposi, iyo zebunebrivi, Cvengan 

gansxvavebuli, da askvnis, rom yvelafer bunebiTs qristeSi kacobrivi 

bunebis logosTan erTad axasiaTebs arsebobis “zebunebrivi gvari”. 43 

maqsimes am debulebas eqvTime urTavs komentars, romelSic ganmartavs 

mas: “da raÁTa Semokrebulad vTqua: yovelsa bunebiTsa saqmesa qristessa 

SeerTebulad aqus uaRresobaÁca bunebisaÁ. pirveliTgan vidre 

aRsasrulamde midgomilebaÁ uTesloÁ iyo, SobaÁ _ uxrwnel da 

Semdgomad Sobisa, qalwulad dacvaÁ mSobelisaÁ da sxuaÁ yovelive 

msgavs Cuenda iyo da uzeSTaes Cuensa” 44 (xazgasmulia eqvTimes 

komentari). es eqvTimeseuli danamati, erTi mxriv, kargad gangvimartavs, 

Tu ra saxis “zebunebrivzea” saubari, meore mxriv ki warmogviCens im 

faqts, rom tradiciulad mariologia qristologiur konteqstSi 

viTardeboda. uTeslod Casaxva-Sobisa da, Sobis Semdeg qalwulad dacvis 

debulebebi ufro qristes RvTaebriobis warmosaCenad iyo SemoRebuli, 

vidre Tavad mariamis gansadideblad da rom mariologiis Semdgomi 

ganviTareba am tradiciis organul ganviTarebad an misgan gadaxvevad 

SeiZleba CaiTvalos. gaaCnia im konteqsts, romelSic mariologia 

42 Sdr. g. TevzaZe, maqsime aRmsarebeli, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoria, Tbilisi 

1996, 71: “igi [maqsime] amtkicebs, rom qristeSi ori nebaa, e. i. ori survilia, RvTaebrivi 

da adamianuri, magram arCevani erTia”. 

43 

es pasaJi aris erTaderTi momenti am statiaSi, sadac maqsimes debuleba aris 

mocemuli, Tumca lela xoferias es monacemi gaurkvevelia da Tavad saWiroebs 

dazustebas, magaliTad, imisas, Tu ras niSnavs “arsebobis zebunebrivi gvari”. 

44 l. xoferia, maqsime aRmsareblis “pirosTan sityvisgebis” ... 98 

23

ganixileba, rogorc es dRevandel ekumenuri (ikumenuri) dialogebisas 

vlindeba. 

l. xoferias Semdegi naSromi, romelsac Cven aq ganvixilavT, aris 

statia “maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis” efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani 

da misi mimarTeba berZnul wyaroebTan. am statiaSi yuradReba ZiriTadad 

eqvTimes Targmanis berZnul wyaroebTan mimarTebaze aris gamaxvilebuli 

(qarTulad arsebuli sxva Targmanebia: giorgi aToneliseuli 

svinaqsaruli cxovreba, romelic did svinaqsarSia Sesuli; gelaTis 

skolaSi naTargmni metafrasuli mosaxsenebeli ioane qsifilinosisa). 45 

Cvenamde maqsimes vrceli cxovrebis oTxma berZnulma redaqciam 

moaRwia (arsebobs laTinuri redaqciac, romelic berZnulidan aris 

naTargmni IX s-Si da siriuli, berZnulisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli, 

redaqcia). es redaqciebi met-naklebad sxvaoben erTmaneTisagan. maTgan 

eqvTimes Targmani mTeli rigi TaviseburebebiT gansxvavdeba. pirvel 

rigSi aRsaniSnavia eqvTimes mier interpolirebuli oTxi fragmenti: 

1. monoTelitobis istoriis gadmocemamde eqvTimes Tavis 

TargmanSi CarTuli aqvs pasaJi, romelSic mokled aris 

gadmocemuli monofizitobis istoria da IV-V krebebis 

ZiriTadi dadgenilebebi; 

2. Targmanis bolos CarTuli aqvs VI krebis aqtebis mokle 

reziume; 

3. CarTulia fragmenti maqsimesave pirosTan sityvisgebidan; 

4. fragmenti Seicavs VIII-IX saukuneebis mijnis bizantieli 

avtoris, miqael svinkelosis, sarwmunoebis simbolos. 46 

garda am oTxi CanarTisa eqvTimes teqstSi dasturdeba maqsimes 

biografiis iseTi detalebi, romelebic arc erT sxva redaqciaSi ar 

gvxvdeba. 

rogorc dadgenilia I, II da III redaqciebi axlos dgas erTmaneTTan 

da erTi teqstidan unda momdinareobdes. es teqsti ki, Tavis mxriv, unda 

45 l. xoferia, “maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis” efvTime aToneliseuli Targmani da misi 

mimarTeba berZnul wyaroebTan, mravalTavi. filologiur-istoriuli Ziebani XXI, 

Tbilisi 2005, 53. iqve ix. aRniSnuli Targmanebis bibliografiuli monacemebi. 

46 l. xoferia, “maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis”... 54-57. 

24

iyos X saukunis kompilacia, romelic adreul wyaroebze, kerZod, 

maqsimes martvilobis aqtebze dayrdnobiT aris Sedgenili. 

IV (moskovuri) redaqcia sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeba danarCeni sami 

redaqciisagan. maqsimes Tanadrouli aqtebi aq sruli saxiTaa Setanili. 

zogi mkvlevari varaudobs, rom es redaqcia momdinareobs arqetipidan, 

romelic ekuTvnis VII saukunis bolos. 

eqvTimes Targmani yvelaze axlos IV redaqciasTan dgas, 47 Tumca 

misganac sxvaobs, rac gamowveuli unda iyos eqvTimes Targmanis 

arqetipTan meti siaxloviT (masSi aris iseTi cnobebi, rac ar aris IV-Si 

da aris I_II_III-Si). amas adasturebs is faqti, rom eqvTimes TargmanSi 

aris cnobebi, romlebic mxolod am Targmanma Semogvinaxa. magaliTad: 

maqsimes I viziti romSi. yvela berZnuli wyaro icnobs maqsimes II vizits 

romSi, karTagenidan wamosvlis Semdeg, qarTul TargmanSi ki naTqvamia, 

rom igi karTagenamdec iyo romSi da vrclad aris aRwerili es viziti. 48 

kidev aris ori garemoeba, romelic adasturebs varauds, rom 

qarTuli Targmanis dedani ufro adrindelia, vidre IV versia. esenia: 

1. qarTul TargmanSi vxvdebiT konstantinepolSi 662 wels 

gamarTul maqsimesa da misi mowafeebis sasamarTlo 

procesis Canawers, romelic ar aris arc erT sxva 

redaqciaSi, rac Catarebuli gamokvlevis mixedviT, unda 

yofiliyo cxovrebis uadres redaqciasTan. 

2. Targmanis Sedarebam IV redaqciis da “Teofanes qronikis” 

teqstTan (es qronika moicavs 284-dan 813 wlamde periods) 

aCvena, rom qarTuli Targmanis garkveuli pasaJebi ufro 

axlos dgas “qronikasTan”, vidre IV redaqciisa. 

amrigad, cxadia, rom qarTulma Targmanma Cvenamde moitana 

saintereso da sxva wyaroTaTvis ucnobi informacia maqsimes biografiis 

calkeuli momentebis Sesaxeb. 49 

47 l. xoferia, “maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis”... 58. 

48 l. xoferia, “maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis”... 60. iqve sqolioSi l. xoferia 

aRniSnavs, “sagulisxmoa, rom belgielma mkvlevarma, basil markesinisma zepir saubarSi 

aRniSna, rom maqsimes epistoleTa kvlevisas igi mivida imave daskvnamde; kerZod, rom 

karTagenSi wasvlamde maqsimes romSi unda gaevlo”. 

49 l. xoferia, “maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebis”... 61-62. 

25

unda aRvniSnoT, rom am statiaSi mocemulia maqsime aRmsarebelTan 

dakavSirebuli vrceli da sasargeblo bibliografia. es bibliografia 

Seexeba: 

1. monoTelitobis arsisa da ganviTarebis etapebis istorias (gv. 

52); 

2. maqsimes biografias (gv. 52-53); 

3. maqsimes dasaflavebis adgilis ZiebasTan dakavSirebul 

gamokvlevebs (gv. 53); 

4. maqsimes TxzulebaTa qarTul Targmanebsa da xelnawerebSi maT 

gavrcelebas (gv. 53); 

5. berZnuli cxovrebis sxvadasxva redaqciis calkeul gamocemebsa 

da xelnawerebSi gavrcelebas (gv. 54), am redaqciaTa 

urTierTmimarTebas, gamoqveynebasa da daTariRebas (gv. 58); 

mocemulia kidev sxva saxis vrceli literatura, romelic uSualod ar 

Seexeba maqsimes. 

rogorc vxedavT, es gamokvlevac ar scdeba filologiuristoriuli 

kvlevis CarCoebs da kvlav aRweriTi xasiaTi aqvs. magram 

aRsaniSnavia masSi mocemuli bibliografia, romelic, iseve, rogorc 

qarTuli TargmaniT dazustebuli istoriul-biografiuli konteqsti, 

SeiZleba saintereso iyos maqsimes msoflmxedvelobiT 

dainteresebulTaTvis. 

lela xoferias Semdgomi gamokvleva, romelic man gamoaqveyna ani 

CantlaZesTan erTad, Seexeba maqsimes gelaTuri krebulis mimarTebas 

berZnul krebulebTan, 50 misi Targmnis adgilsa da mTargmnelis vinaobas 51 

(motanilia damatebiTi argumentacia Targmanis nikoloz gulaberiZis 

mier Sesrulebis Taobaze adre arsebuli varaudis sasargeblod). 52 

50 l. xoferia, a. CantlaZe, maqsime aRmsareblis gelaTuri krebuli da misi berZnuli 

wyaro, mravalTavi. filologiur-istoriuli Ziebani XXI, Tbilisi 2005, 64-70. 

51 l. xoferia, a. CantlaZe, maqsime... 71-72. 

52 am statiis gacnobisas Cven gagviCnda mosazreba, rom gelaTuri teqstis dedani 

danarCen berZnul teqstebTan SedarebiT uZvelesi varianti, anu maqsimes xelidan 

gamosul teqstTan yvelaze axlos mdgomi unda iyos. saqme isaa, rom statiaSi 

Sesadareblad moyvanili teqstebi zedapiruli SexedviT erT tendencias avlenen, 

kerZod: berZnuli teqstebSi qarTulTan variantuli sxvaobebi TiTqmis yovelTvis 

azusteben qarTuls. anu, isini azustebdnen da, amdenad, ganavrcobdnen im teqsts, 

romelic iyo qarTulis dedani. 

26

lela xoferias qarTul enaze gamoqveynebuli statia 53 , romlis 

saTaurSic figurirebs maqsime aRmsareblis saxeli, Seexeba mxolod 

gelaTuri skolis Targmnis Teoriisa da teqnikis Taviseburebebs da 

aranairad ar scdeba filologiuri kvlevis sazRvrebs. safiqralia, 

oRond, ratom airCies gelaTSi swored is Teoria, romlis mixedviTac 

savaldebulo iyo saTargmni teqstis zedmiwevniTi Targmani, misi yvela 

detalis, azrobrivi niuansisa da enobriv-stilisturi Taviseburebebis 

kopirebiT? 54 lela xoferias es statia ar iZleva am kiTxvaze pasuxis 

gacemis saSualebas. magram mas mohyavs sebastian brokis SeniSvna imis 

Sesaxeb, rom sityvasityviTi Targmani saTaves iRebs akvilas bibliuri 

Targmanebidan da gvxvdeba siriul elinofilur skolebSi Sesrulebul 

TargmanebSic. 55 aseve, sebastian brokis statiidan aris moyvanili wm. 

irineosis fraza, rom bibliur teqstebSi sityvaTa rigic ki saidumloa. 56 

savaraudoa, rom lela xoferias damokidebuleba gelaTis TeoriasTan 

mimarTebaSi Semdegi unda iyos: Tavad enis konstruqcia kondicirebs 

garkveuli saxis azrebs individebSi. metic, enobrivi konteqsti 

konstruirebs Tavad pirovnebasac da, amitom, Tu mkiTxveli CaerTveba 

“gonier xedvaTa mommarjvi” 57 enis, anu berZnuli enis struqturul 

konteqstSi, es TavisTavad momarTavs mis azrovnebas gonieri xedvisaken. 

Tavad gonieri xedva ki niSnavs noetur samyaroSi, anu angelozTa, da 

metic, RvTaebriv logosTa sferoSi gonismierad da, amdenad, mTeli 

sulier-xorcieli hipostasiT CarTvas. Tu es asea, maSin gelaTuri 

skolis es damokidebuleba vrceldeba maqsimes mimarTac da, amdenad, 

aseTi iribi gziT CvenTvis gasagebi xdeba qarTvelTa maqsimesTan 

damokidebulebis erT-erTi niuansi. 

53 mas aqvs sami inglisurenovani statiac: The old Georgian Translations of Saint Maximus the 

Confessor’s Works, Annual of Medieval Studies at CEU, vol. 6, 2000, Budapest; Maximus the Confessor in Ancient 

Georgian Sources, Studia Patristica, Vol. XXXVI, 2000; Georgian Sources Concerning Maximus the Confessor’s 

biography and Thir Significance, Le Museon (Rvue D’ etudes Orientales), t. 1116, fasc. 3-4, Louvain-la-Neuve 

2003. 

54 Sdr. Ll. xoferia, maqsime aRmsareblis gelaTur krebulSi (K-14) daculi Targmanebis 

enobriv-stilisturi Taviseburebani, gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnali # 4, 

quTaisi 2006, 4. 

55 Ll. xoferia, maqsime aRmsareblis gelaTur... 8 

56 Ll. xoferia, maqsime aRmsareblis gelaTur... 10. 

57 Ll. xoferia, maqsime aRmsareblis gelaTur... 4. 

27

1..2. logosis antikuri cneba dionise areopagelTan da maqsimesTan 

fsevdo dionise areopagelis Sromebis uZvelesi komentari, erT-erTi 

tradiciis Tanaxmad, maqsime aRmsarebelsa da germanoz I 

konstantinepolel patriarqs (VII-VIII s.) miewereba. hans urs fon 

balTazaris gamokvleviT, sqolioebis WeSmariti da ZiriTadi avtori 

ioane skiTopoleli unda iyos, maqsimes ki, SesaZloa, mxolod mcire 

moculobis minawerebi Seedgina. qarTuli tradicia avtorebad maqsimes 

da germanozs aRiarebs. maTi saxelebi urTierTmonacvleobiT aRniSnulia 

sqolioebis dasawyisSi. es aRiniSneba “saRmrTo saxelTaTvis” traqtatis 

pirvel eqvs TavSi. sxva sqolioebi avtoris dausaxeleblad aris 

mocemuli. 58 

radgan mecnierebis mier sabolood ar aris dadgenili 

komentatorebis saboloo vinaoba da es sakiTxi Semdgom kvlevas 

saWiroebs, mocemul sadisertacio naSromSi komentarebis avtori 

moxseniebulia ise, rogorc esaa mocemuli qarTul TargmanSi, miTumetes, 

rom am sadisertacio naSromis kvlevis sagans ar warmoadgens 

komentatoris/ebis vinaobis dadgena, aramed maTi, _ vinc ar unda iyvnen 

isini_ damokidebuleba antikur filosofiasTan. 59 

cxadia, Cvens mizans ar warmoadgens mocemuli naSromis detaluri 

ganxilva. CvenTvis mTavaria, am naSromidan gamovkriboT is, rac uTuod, 

an savaraudod, an Tundac arapirdapiri gziT Seexeba maqsimes. 

maqsimes interesi antikurobisadmi gacilebiT sustia, vidre es 

komentarebSia gamovlenili. komentaris stili, problemaTa Sesaxeb 

msjelobis forma, sakiTxTa detaluri ganxilva, sistematizacia da 

klasifikacia neoplatonikosTa Sromebis msgavsia. maqsimes msjelobisa 

da gadmocemis forma sruliad sxvagvaria: misTvis ucxoa sakuTriv 

filosofiur sakiTxTa mkacri dalageba, dayofa da sistematizacia. 

58 l. aleqsiZe, antikuroba da qristianoba: berZnuli filosofia ioane petriwisa da 

(fs.) maqsime aRmsareblis SromebSi, disertacia filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris 

samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tbilisi 1997, 144. Cven ar mogvyavs l. aleqsiZis 

damuSavebuli literatura. Cven mier sqolioSi miTiTebuli gverdebis mixedviT 

advilad aris SesaZlebeli am literaturis xilva. 

59 l. aleqsiZe, antikuroba da qristianoba... 145. 

28

amitom maqsimes TxzulebaTa gageba gacilebiT rTulia, vidre 

areopagituli komentarebisa. 60 

komentari, romelic qarTuli Targmanis mixedviT miCneulia 

maqsimeseulad, “saRmrTo saxelTaTvis”-Si araerTxel xmarebul termin 

“RmerTebs”, romelic, cxadia, neoplatonuri terminia, erTi mxriv, 

qristianul trinitarulad da, meore mxriv, aseve qristianuli qmnilebis 

madliT ganRmrTobis kvalze ganmartavs. 61 maSasadame, “maqsimes” 

komentaris Tanaxmad, dionise “gareSe filosofosTa” terminebs xmarobs 

qristianul RvTismetyvelebasTan maTi bunebrivi (!) SeTanxmebis 

safuZvelze: uzenaesi erTarseba da samgvamovani RmerTis mier SeqmnilTaA 

Soris angelozni “RmerTebadac” iwodebian (rogorc RvTiurobis madlis 

mimRebelni) da “gonebebadac” (rogorc arsebiT gonebad myofni). yovelive 

es neoplatonuri tradiciis formalurad da nawilobriv Sinaarsobrivad 

adekvaturi gamoxatuleba iyo. 62 

mniSvnelovania “saRvTo nebaTa”, anu “igavTa” sakiTxi. 63 antikuri 

filosofiisa Tu patrologiisaTvis Sesaqmis problemaSi erT-erTi 

centraluri adgili ideebs, anu kosmiur paradigmebs ukavia. paradigmebze 

msjeloba platonis timeosiT iwyeba. antikuri neoplatonizmi aRiarebda 

modelisa da demiurgis igiveobas, magram es gansxvavebulTa igiveoba iyo. 

kosmosis modeli demiurgs uswrebda: goniT sacnobi, Sesamecnebeli 

(noeturi, goniTsawvdomi) pirveladia SemmecnebelTan. 64 miuxedavad amisa, 

Semmecnebeli goneba Sesacnob obieqts Tavissave TavSi Wvrets. rac 

Seexeba uzenaes erTs, igi am oriveze aRmatebulia. 

qristianobaSi es mimarTeba Secvlilia. demiurgi Tavad uzenaesi 

erTia da modelebi ki misi, rogorc pirovnebis nebebi. igi umaRlesidan 

60 l. aleqsiZe, antikuroba da qristianoba... 146. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom maqsime 

amgvaradve udgeba cneba logos. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi misTvis erT-erTi 

centraluri konceptia, mainc ar iZleva mis zust ganmartebas da sistematizacias. 



63 ix. agreTve l. aleqsiZe, saRvTo nebani anu “igavni” areopagituli korpusis 

komentarebSi, mravalTavi. filologiuri da istoriuli Ziebani XVIII, Tbilisi 1999, 

342-349. aRniSnuli statia, faqtobrivad, sityvasityviT Tanxvdeba mocemuli disertaciis 

imave Tavs. 


29

udablesisaken yvelafers qmnis Suamavali neoplatonuri emanaciuri 

ierarqiulobis gareSe. Tavad materiasac araradan [armyofobidan] qmnis. 65 

prokles mixedviT, marTalia, kosmosis paradigmebi demiurgis win 

arian (ex nihilo nihil principiT), magram isini am demiurgisave Seqmnilebia.F 

filon aleqsandrielma prokleze gacilebiT adre paradigma saRvTo 

logoss daukavSira. idea Semoqmedi Zalaa, romelsac Ze an meore RmerTi 

ewodeba. 66 Semoqmedi Tavad RmerTia da Tavisi logosis mier qmnis. 

Seqmnili samyaro ki mis mimarT garegania da misi arc erTi nawili ar 

uigivdeba am logoss. logosi RvTis gonebaa. misi Zalebi noeturi 

samyaros Semadgeneli elementebi arian. am ideaTa erToblioba ar 

amowuravs saRvTo gonebas, radgan igi ganuzomlad didia, vidre xiluli 

samyaros paradigma. da kvlav, filoni imas ki ar ambobs, rom ideebi 

RvTis logosSia, aramed imas, rom es ori ram erTi da igivea, identuria. 

dionise areopagelma paradigmebad miiCnia arsebulTa arsTamqmneli, 

RmerTSi erTianad winaswarmdgomi azrebi-logosebi, romlebsac saRvTo 

da keTili nebebi ewodeba. 67 dionises am azris komentirebisas “maqsime” 

aRniSnavs, rom platoni ideebs, anu saxeT da igavT sxvagvarad 

gansazRvravda. sqoliastis azriT, platonma ideebi da paradigmebi 

usamarTlod daamdabla da RmerTs moswyvita maSin, roca dionisem maT 

RvTismosavi mniSvneloba mianiWa. amrigad, “maqsimes” Tanaxmad, dionisem 

sworad gaigo paradigmis arsi da RvTis [Tanamaradiul] nebebad 

[logosebad] gansazRvra. 68 komentarebSi “maqsime” [albaT, ioane 

skiTopoleli] am ideebs saganTa goniT materias [hules] uwodebs. 

paradigmebis, anu ideebis problema gacilebiT farTod Tavad 

maqsimes avTentur SromebSic idga. maqsimeseuli interpretacia imave 

stilisaa, rogoric “maqsimes” komentarebi, magram gacilebiT ufro 

mravalplaniania. 69 misTvis uqmnelsa da qmnil bunebaTa Soris aris 

“ufskruli”, romlis gadalaxvac mxolod RvTis SemoqmedebiTi aqtiTaa 

warmosadgeni da ara _ ubralod emanaciiT. maqsimesTan ideebi saRvTo 

ganzraxvanic iyo da konkretul saganTa zogadobac. Tuki ideebi ar 

iqneboda ganzraxvebi, maSin zogadobani gaxdeboda uqmneli bunebis 




68 l. aleqsiZe, antikuroba da qristianoba... 159. Sdr. 161-162. 


30

aRacnairi nawili da, amrigad, dairRveoda qmnilebis armyofobidan 

Semoyvanis mTavari qristianuli principi. origenes msgavsad, saRvTo 

ideaTa “adgilad” logosi miaCnda (origenem, savaraudod, Tavis mxriv, es 

idea filonisagan an filoniseuli tradiciisagan isesxa). samyaro am 

ideaTa, anu logosebis gaSla iyo. logosebi RvTis arsebis igiveobrivi 

ar arian, radgan isini iseTive aqtualur da usasrulo arsebas ar 

warmoadgenen, radgan isini imyofebian mxolod potenciur mdgomareobaSi. 

logosebi arc kosmiur arsebobas Tanxvdebian, vinaidan, isini Tumca 

saganTa mizezebi arian, es sagnebi mxolod maTs ganxorcielebas 

warmoadgenen. 70 gaaqtiurebuli logosebi aRar gadavlen potenciur 

mdgomareobaSi da, amrigad, maT mixedviT Seqmnili sagnebi ararad aRar 

iqcevian. amasTan erTad, maqsimes Tanaxmad da neoplatonikosebisagan 

gansxvavebiT, RmerTma sagnebi mxolod maTs zogadobaSi ki ar icis, 

aramed maTi calkeuli TaviseburebebiTac. erTeulis, individualuri 

Rirebulebebis win wamoweva platonuri zogadobebis gverdiT aris 

antiplatonuri tendencia da maqsimes Semoqmedebis erT-erTi 

Tavisebureba (amis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT). 

maqsime, origenes msgavsad, aRniSnavda logosis, romelSic 

Tavmoyrilia ideebi/logosebi, samgvar inkarnacias: 1. qmnilebaTa 

logosebi, 2. wm. werilis sityvebi/logosebi, 3. xorcqmnili logosi. am 

ukanasknel mdgomareobaSi is mTlianad eZleva jer kidev xorciel 

adamianebs rogorc Tavis sityvebSi, aseve Tavisi sxeuliT saidumloebaSi. 

amrigad, xorcqmnili logosi aris yvela logosis adgili da 

qristianul Wvretas ZaluZs, dainaxos logosi logosebSi. 71 

sqoliasti akritikebs maniqevelebs da warmarT filosofosebs 

samyaros ori sawyisis aRiarebisaTvis. misi azriT, dionises eSmakis 

bunebac ar miaCnda borotad. erTi dasabami aris RmerTi da igi aris arsi 

(myofi), arsTa arseba (myofTa myofoba) da TviTsikeTe. xolo araarsi 

ewodeba materias ara imitom, rom sruliad arara aris, aramed radgan ar 

aris (ara aqvs arsebobis sawyisi Tavis TavSi). vinaidan RmerTi aris 

arsTa arseba, materiac ara-arsisagan RmerTma Semoiyvana, anu Seqmna. ar 



31

aris usaxuri da gauformebeli materia, rogorc ram masala grZnobadTa, 

aramed igi aris maTi Semavsebeli da maTi Semdgomi. ara materiisagan 

qmnis RmerTi, aramed igi qmnis sagans formisagan, anu ideis mixedviT da 

am gaformebisas Cndeba materia, rogorc am gaformebis mimdevari, anu am 

formis Sesavsebelad. “maqsime” borots arc daubadebelad da arc 

Seqmnilad ambobs. boroti aris TavisuflebiT RmerTisagan mocemuli 

sikeTis nebayoflobiTi mokleba. 72 arc oroba SeiZleba iyos dasabami, 

radgan “maqsimes” azriT, dasabami unda iyos martivi da ara Sedgenili. 

boroteba ar aris igiveobrivi arc nivTis da arc xorcis, radgan 

eSmakebi uxorconi arian. 73 amrigad, materia/nivTi aranairad ar aris 

boroti/cudi. 

sqoliasti akritikebs warmarTebs imisaTvis, rom maT xorciT 

aRdgomisa ar swamT, radgan es bunebis sawinaaRmdegod miaCniaT. bunebis 

sawinaaRmdego ki is aris, rom kaci grZnobadsa da xilul aRqmas 

ganavrcobs uxilavsa da miuwvdomel mizezze – RmerTze. 74 komentatori 

miuTiTebs, rom warmarTebs qristes jvarcmisa ar swamdaT: maT RvTis 

sisusted miiCnies is, rac sinamdvileSi misi Zliereba iyo. 75 igi 

ganmartavs ra dionises Sesabamis pasaJs, xazs usvams im faqts, rom 

jvarcmis problema apofatikuri msjelobis sagania. gankaceba qristes 

“dacarielebaa” (TviTwarmocla, TviTdacarielebaa), jvarcma ki _ 

uZlureba. asevea warmarTTaTvis. magram qristianebisaTvis swored esaa 

WeSmariti Zliereba, warmarTTaTvis ki _ namdvili uZlureba da 

sisulele. 76 rac apofatikurad iTqmis adamianis Sesaxeb da, amdenad, mis 

naklad aRiqmeba, is aris Zliereba RvTisaTvis, misi srulyofilebis 

gamoxatvaa, radgan yovelive adamianurisagan aRmatebulia RmerTi da 

veraferi qmnilebiseuli – verc dadebiTi da verc uaryofiTi _ ver 

gamoxatavs mas, aramed miuTiTebs mxolod RmerTis aRmatebasa da 

72 l. aleqsiZe, antikuroba da qristianoba... 167-168. 





32

miuwvdomlobaze. amis gamo, sqoliasti “sulel sibrZnes” uwodebs saRvTo 

sibrZnes. 77 

Semecnebis safexurebs sqoliasti ase ganmartavs: angelozTa sulni 

neoturnic (goniTsawvdomi) arian da noerulnic (Semmecni), Cveni sulebi 

ki _ mxolod noerulni; isini (sulebi) Seicnoben imas, rac maTze maRlaa, 

magram maT qveemoT sacnauri araferia. Cvens qvemoT mxolod utyvi da 

ugonebo sulia. Semecnebis unari angelozebs RvTisgan aqvT miniWebuli 

da ara bunebiTad, rogorc amas miiCnevdnen neoplatonikosebi. TiToeuls 

es unari maTi damtevnelobis, anu mzadyofnis mixedviT miecemaT (amis 

Sesaxeb vrclad ix. qvemoT me-2 TavSi). 

adamianis sulismieri Semecneba mxolod maSin emsgavseba 

angelozebrivs, rodesac mravalgvar da sxvadasxva mxridan SeZenil 

diskretul codnas Tavs mouyris da ipyrobs maT Seurevnelad da 

zogadad. sruli codna ki adamians mxolod xorcieli aRdgomisas, sulis 

da xorcis xelaxla SeerTebisas miemadleba. Tumca isic cxadia, rom 

dionise areopagelis komentarebSi Semecnebis safexurebis aRwera 

msgavsia neoplatonikosebTan amave Temis asaxvisa, romlebTanac, 

rasakvirvelia, gamoricxulia xorcieli aRdgoma. 78 

Semdeg lela aleqsiZe gadmoscems komentarebis mxolod im nawils, 

sadac naxsenebia antikuri filosofia an filosofosebi da, faqtobrivad, 

maqsimes Teologiis aranair ganmartebas ar iZleva. 

rogorc vnaxeT, lela aleqsiZis mocemuli naSromi ZiriTadad exeba 

fsevdo dionise areopagelis fsevdo maqsimeseul komentarebs. Tumca 

masSi ganxilulia maqsime aRmsareblis avTenturi Txzulebis ramdenime 

pasaJi, romelic exeba logosebis, rogorc saRvTo nebebis (nebelobebis) 

Temas. es ki friad sayuradRebo da, Cveni azriT, sakvanZo Temaa maqsimes 

SemoqmedebaSi. 

77 l. aleqsiZe, antikuroba da qristianoba... 181. ix. agreTve l. aleqsiZe, xorciT 

aRdgoma, “suleli sibrZne” da Semecnebis safexurebi areopagituli korpusis 

komentarebSi. mravalTavi. filologiuri da istoriuli Ziebani IX, Tbilisi 2001, 265- 

272. es statia igiveobrivia disertaciis mocemuli Tavisa. 


33

mocemul naSromSi aseve ganxilulia fsevdo maqsimes komentarebi, 

romlebic Seexeba borotebis problemas, Semecnebis safexurebis sakiTxs, 

mkvdreTiT aRdgomis doqtrinis apofatikur xasiaTs. 

lela aleqsiZe miiCnevs da Cvenc veTanxmebiT mas, rom Tumca 

sakamaToa komentarebis maqsimeseuloba, magram, jer erTi, zustad 

dadgenili ar aris, Tu visia esa Tu is komentari da, amrigad, savsebiT 

SesaZlebelia, rom zemoT ganxilul komentarTagan zogierTi an SeiZleba 

umetesic maqsimes ekuTvnodes. meorec, maqsimes msoflmxedveloba aris 

swored komentarebSi asaxuli Teologiis organuli ganviTareba, 

gamravalwaxnageba da daxvewa. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom mocemul naSromSi maqsimes Tematikis mxolod 

mcire nawilia asaxuli, qarTul enaze misi saxiT Cven, faqtobrivad, 

erTaderTi akademiuri naSromi gvaqvs maqsime aRmsareblis 

msoflmxedvelobis Sesaxeb. 

1.3. maqsime winamorbed tradiciasTan mimarTebaSi. Secnobadi da 

Seucnobadi RmerTSi 

ganvixiloT Tamar oTxmezuris statia maqsime aRmsareblis Ambigua ad 

Ioahannem qarTul mTargmnelobiT tradiciaSi. es statia filologiuri 

xasiaTisaa, romelSic ZiriTadad maqsimes Sesaxeb aRweriTi xasiaTis 

informaciaa mocemuli. cxadia, aris bibliografiuli monacemic (xuTi 

inglisurenovani da ori franguli naSromi). statia ikvlevs grigol 

RvTismetyvelis qristes Sobis sakiTxavis (Or. 38) eqvTime aTonelis mier 

Sesrulebul qarTul TargmanSi moxvedril maqsimeseul vrcel 

komentars amave sakiTxavis pasaJebze. Cven SevecdebiT, am statiidan 

gamovkriboT mxolod is, rac sakuTriv maqsimes Seexeba. 

maqsime Tavis naSromebSi grigol nazianzels ixseniebs rogorc Tavis 

maswavlebels. Tanamedrove mkvlevarebi aRniSnaven kabadokiel 

moazrovneTa did gavlenas maqsimes msoflmxedvelobaze. misi erT-erTi 

mTavari nawarmoebi, Ambiguorum liber, swored grigol nazianzelis da fs. 

dionises TxzulebaTa komentars warmoadgens. 79 amave nawarmoebiT eyreba 

79 T. oTxmezuri, maqsime aRmsareblis Ambigua ad Ioahannem qarTul mTargmnelobiT 

tradiciaSi, mravalTavi. filologiuri da istoriuli Ziebani XVIII, Tbilisi 1999, 236. 

34

safuZveli grigol RvTismetyvelis TxzulebaTa Teologiur 

komentirebas. 

maqsimes Ambiguorum liber ori Txzulebisagan Sedgeba: Ambigua ad Thomam 

da Ambigua ad Iohannem. eqvTimes mier Targmnili Or. 38-is komentari Ambigua 

ad Iohannem-s ukavSirdeba. 

Ambigua ad Iohannem-s daedo saTave 626-628 wlebSi, maqsimes kizikoSi 

(kvizikoSi), wm. giorgis monasterSi yofnisas mis moZRvarTan, kizikosis 

(kvizikel) arqiepiskopos ioanesTan, diskusiebSi. xolo daiwera 618-630 

wlebSi. igi warmoadgens grigol nazianzelis (RvTismetyvelis) Cvidmeti 

homiliis, erTi epistolisa da erTi leqsis komentars. komentaris 

Tematikaa: wminda sameba, qristologia, anTropologia, logosi-qriste, 

origenes kritika. maqsime komentirebisas iyenebs dionise areopagelis ama 

Tu im pasaJs. 80 Ambigua ad Iohannem-Si Or. 38-is rva komentaria daculi. 

amdenivea eqvTimes TargmanSi. 81 

aRsaniSnavia, rom maqsimes rTuli da mZime enis Sesaxeb laparakobdnen 

jer kidev bizantielebi (foti konstantinepolis patriarqi (IX s.) da ana 

komneni (XI-XII s.). maqsime sruliad gulgrilia sityvis, literaturuli 

formis mimarT. igi TiTqos mxolod Tavis Tavs esaubreba; ar cdilobs, 

azri gasagebi gaxados sxvebisaTvis. cocxali saubris intonacia masTan 

Secvlilia gandegilis intonaciiT, rasac mxolod sxva gandegili Tu 

gaigebs. misi azrovneba aris mudam daZabuli, damuxtuli da 

koncentrirebuli azriT, sadac Wvreta ufro metia, vidre gansja da 

daskvnebi. 82 

am mxriv sainteresoa eqvTimes mier martivad Targmnili maqsimes erTi 

rTuli pasaJi. maqsime ganmartavs grigolis Semdeg winadadebas: 

“[Seicnobis RmerTi] ara Tu msgavsebisagan bunebisa misisa, aramed 

saqmeTagan, romelni arian garemos misa”. maqsimes komentariT RmerTis es 

saqmeni warmoaCenen RmerTs, magram “araTu raÁ ars, aramed raÁ ara ars”. 

arsebobs, agreTve, οι της προνοίας λόγοι (gangebulebiTi sityuani, sityuani 

winagangebiTni), romlebic warmoaCenen, Tu rogoria (!) RmerTi. 

faqtobrivad, aq laparakia apofatikasa da katafatikaze. amis Semdeg 

maqsime iwyebs gansjas imis Sesaxeb, rac ukve martivad Tqva. igi 

80 T. oTxmezuri, maqsime... 237. 

81 T. oTxmezuri, maqsime... 238. 

82 T. oTxmezuri, maqsime... 239-240. 

35

aRniSnavs, rom katafatika da apofatika Tumca ki urTierTsapirispiro 

cnebebia, RmerTTan mimarTebaSi isini erTmaneTs avseben. apofatika 

warmoaCens, Tu ra ar aris RmerTi (τι µη είναι), xolo katafatika – Tu 

rogoria RmerTi (!) (το µόνον ότι έστι, mxolod imas, rom aris). sinamdvileSi 

verc erTi am meTodidan ver acxadebs, Tu ra aris RmerTi. eqvTime am 

msjelobas martivad, Tavisi Tanamedrove qarTvelebisTvis advilad 

gasagebad Targmnis: 

“rameTu romelnime saxelni misni, viTarmed: dambadebeli, saxieri, 

kacTmoyvare, msajuli, yovlismpyrobeli da yovelnive eseviTarni 

moaswaveben, viTarmed ars RmerTi. xolo Tu raÁ ars, ara sacnaur-hyofen 

bunebasa missa. da kualad meorisa kerZisa saxelni, viTarmed: dausabamoÁ, 

daubadebeli, uÃorcoÁ, miuwTomeli, _ raÁ ara ars, mas guiCueneben. xolo 

yovliT kerZo, Tu raÁ ars bunebai misi, arasadaÁT sacnaur ars. aramed 

garemo misa myofTa saqmeTagan da saxeTa, raÁ ara ars, mas viswavebT, da 

viTarmed ars RmerTi WeSmariti”. 

SesaZlebelia, Tavad originali iyos rTulad dawerili, magram 

eqvTimeseuli Targmani da mocemuli azri TavisTavad savsebiT cxadia. 

oRond, ar aris cxadi Tavad statiis avtoris azri. igi ambobs, erTi 

mxriv, rom RmerTi Seucnobeli rCeba Tavis arsSi, meore mxriv ki, λόγους 

προνοίας ganmartavs, rom isini warmoaCenen, Tu rogoria RmerTi. magram 

gangebulebis logosebi imas ki ar warmoaCenen, Tu rogoria RmerTi, 

aramed imas, Tu rogor zrunavs (ganagebs, saxlmSeneblobs), anu ras 

akeTebs RmerTi Tavis qmnilebisaTvis. Λόγοι προνοίας gagavagebinebs ara 

rogori aris RmerTi Tavis arsSi (bunebaSi), aramed rogoria RmerTi 

qmedebisas, anu rogor Cndeba Tavis qmedebaSi. rogori aris RmerTis arsi, 

CvenTvis ucnobia. Cven viciT mxolod is, Tu rogor vlindeba RmerTi 

Tavis qmedebaSi da isic _ nawilobriv. 

aseve arazustia avtoris naTargmni το µόνον ότι έστι. eqvTime sworad 

Targmnis am frazas, viTarmed ars. avtorisaTvis ki kvlav niSnavs _ 

rogoria. Cven verasodes gavigebT, Tu rogori aris RmerTi, aramed 

gavigebT imas _da imasac arasrulad_ Tu rogor aris anu rogor da ras 

moqmedebs RmerTi. 83 

83 rac Seexeba triadologias, termini “rogor aris” mimarTebaSia saRmrTo 

hipostasebTan: hipostasi aRniSnavs, Tu rogor aris saRmrTo buneba. magram saRmrTo 

oikonomiaSi (gangebulebaSi) rogor aris aRniSnavs saRmrTo energiebs, anu imas, Tu ras 

moqmedebs RmerTi qmnilebasTan mimarTebaSi. 

36

1.4. qmnilebis ontologiuri safuZvlis wvdoma 

ediSer WeliZis mier maqsime aRmsareblis qarTuli Targamanebis 

gamokvlevebi ZiriTadad ukavSirdeba mTargmnelis vinaobis dadgenas. 84 

igi, mas Semdeg, rac ganixilavs zaqaria WiWinaZisa da korneli kekeliZis 

varauds imis Sesaxeb, rom xelnawer gelaT. 14-Si daculi Targmanebi da 

aseve oraseuli (xelnaweri A-39, XIII s.) nikoloz gulaberiZis unda 

iyos, 85 gadadis gamowvlilviT terminologiur kvlevaze da askvnis, rom 

maqsime aRmsareblis TxzulebaTa Targmanebi, mocemuli xelnawerebSi 

gelaT. 14 da A-52, miekuTvneba XII s-is 30-ian-50-ian wlebs da Sesrulebuli 

unda iyos arsen iyalToelis mowafis an mowafeebis mier (savaraudod 

erTi mowafis). xolo rac Seexeba Sromebs oraseuli, oTxaseuli da 

Tavni aTxuTmetni (A-39), uTuod efrem mciris mier aris naTargmni. 

zemoT naxsenebi gamokvlevebis garda, ediSer WeliZes ekuTvnis 

xuTi mcire monakveTis Targmani (ZiriTadad gamokrebili) maqsimes 

sxvadasxva naSromebidan. TiToeul maTgans rigi terminebisa Tu rTuli 

saRvTismetyvelo azris dasazusteblad darTuli aqvs WeliZiseuli 

mcire komentarebi. cxadia, es komentarebi ar warmoadgens Tundac 

ramdenadme srul analizs Targmnili teqstebisa, magram mainc 

sainteresoa maqsimes msoflmxedvelobis, Tundac ramdenime niuansis 

gasarkvevad. amrigad, Cveni mizania, Tvali mivadevnoT am komentarebs da 

gamovyoT saRvTismetyvelo mniSvnelobis komentari. 

pirveli Targmani aris maqsimes sqolioebi wm. dionise areopagelis 

Sromaze “saRvTo saxelTa Sesaxeb”. Cven ganvixilavT ediSer WeliZis sam 

komentars, romelic man daurTo Targmnil teqsts: 

1. komentari darTulia “maqsimes” sqolios Semdeg monakveTze: 

“romlebsac [angelozebs]... uwodebs igi da romlebic zena mwyobrTa 

gonebebad Tqmulan, radgan arsobrivad arian isini ‘yoveli goneba’ da 

yovelive imis Semmecneblebi, rac ki erTobiTad iRvreba RvTisagan 

maTdami uwyvetliv. amitomac iTqmis maTze, rom mTlianni mTlianad 

Tvals axelen uwmindes qerubimebSi”. 

84 ix. e. WeliZe, ioane petriwis cxovreba da moRvaweoba, werili I, religia 1994, # 3-4-5, 

Tbilisi, 121-122. misive, Zveli qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo terminologia I, Tbilisi 1996, 

386-389, 463-366, 650. 

85 korneli kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria 1, Tbilisi 1960, 318, 322; z. WiWinaZe, 

qarTuli mwerloba meTormete saukuneSi, Tbilisi 1887, 26. 

37

komentari aseTia: “ramdenadac yoveli uzemoesi angelozuri mwyobri 

mTlianad Semcvelia uqvemoesisa, amdenad yvela uqvemoesi mwkrivi 

moculia qerubimTa mwyobrSi (mwyobri aris ierarqiis Tarazuli sibrtye, 

xolo mwkrivi – Sveuli –k.k), romelic serafimTa Semdeg yvelaze 

uzemoesia. am mwyobrSi iZenen sacnaurobas, anu sulier mxedvelobas, 

Semmecnebel TvalTa axelas qvemore angelozTa simwyobreebi”. 86 

Tu ramdenad Seesabameba es mkacrad neoplatonuri ierarqiuli 

daRmasvla Tavad maqsimes (ara “maqsimes”) azrs, es TavisTavad cxadi araa, 

magram erTi ram ki naTelia, es ganmarteba marTlac axlos dgas (magram, 

vfiqrobT, araidenturia) dionises msoflaRqmasTan. 

2. moyvanilia “maqsimes” mier sqolioebSi gamoyenebuli frazis, 

“msagavsi msgavsisagan Seicnobas” paralelebi neoplatonuri 

filosofiidan. 87 am paralelebis daZebnis mizani, erTi SexedviT, cxadi 

araa (ediSer WeliZe, ramdenadac es CvenTvis cnobilia, arc erT Tavis 

naSromSi ar akeTebs filosofiur wiaRsvlebs da ar iCens 

gansakuTrebul interess Teologiisa da filosofiis 

urTierTmimarTebisadmi). SeiZleba, avtors undoda, am gziT eCvenebina 

dionisesa da misi sqoliastebis mxolod mimarTeba neoplatonikosebTan, 

an am mimarTebis miTiTebis mizani iyo filosofiaze sqolioebis 

aRmatebulobis Cveneba. pasuxs am kiTxvaze qvemoT gavcemT. jer sakuTriv 

am frazis konteqsti vnaxoT, oRond sanam uSualod am konteqstze 

gadavidodeT, gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom azri am frazisa araa neoplatonuri 

warmomavlobis (Tumca, SesaZloa, maqsimesTan igi swored am gziT 

moxvedriliyo), igi saerToa mTeli antikuri filosofiisaTvis. 

konteqsti, sadac es fraza motanili aqvs sqoliasts, aris 

ganmarteba, Tu ratom uwodebs dionise RmerTs “ugonebo gonebas”: RmerTi 

rom yofiliyo goneba, maSin igi Secnobadi iqneboda sxva qmnili 

gonebebisagan, radgan “msgavsi msgavsiT Seicnoba”. Cven ukve SevxvdiT 

lela aleqsiZis naSromSi am Temas, rodesac igi ganixilavda saRvTo 

“sulel sibrZnes”. msgavsis msgavsis mier Secnobis Tema mniSvnelovania 

sxva mimarTebiTac: saqme isaa, rom RmerTis xatis (mama RmerTis Zis) xati 

da msgavsi (xateba da msgavseba) adamiani imdenad Seimecnebs Ze RmerTs, 

86 e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli. sqolioebi wm. dionise areopagelis Sromaze: 

“saRvTo saxelTa Sesaxeb”, gza sameufo 1995, # 1, Tbilisi 1995, 19. 

87 e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli... 20 

38

amdenadac misi xati da msgavsia (praqtikisa da Teoriis wiaR), anu 

RvTisSemecnebis safuZveli swored adamianis sityva-RmerTis 

(RmerTsityvis) mimarT msgavsebisken swrafvaa. 88 aseve, am tradiciis 

mixedviT, araviTari gaSualebuli wvdomis pirveladoba msgavsisa 

msgavsis mier, anu gankacebuli Zis madliT Zeebis mxridan ar dasturdeba. 

adamiani SeiZleba Sexvdes Zes yovelgvari angelozebrivi dausrulebeli 

SreebTa Sreebis gareSe (RvTismSobeli mariami am tradiciis mier yvela 

Sreze upatiosnesad da aRmatebulad aris nadidebi). amitomaa, rom jon 

maiendorfi (da aramarto igi) eWvis TvaliT uyurebs dionises ierarqiul 

kosmologiasa da gnoseologias. 89 xolo im sakiTxis garkveva, rom es 

ierarqiuli daRmasvliTi Sreebi, romlis ukanaskneli safexuri adamiania 

(aras vambobT materiaze), Tavisi “degradirebuli” sxeulis gamo mxolod 

adamianis mkvdreTiT aRdgomamde narCundeba, xolo mas Semdeg angelozTa 

swori (an meti) iqneba (Sdr. sqolio 42-43, gv. 27-28), ar warmoadgens Cveni 

kvlevis sagans. 

3. mesame komentari darTulia 61-e sqolios im nawilze, rodesac 

sqoliasti saubrobs usulo da ugrZnobeli arsebebis (mcenareebis) 

cocxlobiTi moZraobis mier RmerTis didebaze. komentari ganmartavs, 

rom mcenareuli samyaro ar aris grZnobadi, anu grZnobebis mqone 

rogorc cxovelebi, arc azrismieri, anu azris mqone, rogorc adamianebi; 

rom maT aqvT Tviseba, “naTvisobaTa unari”, anu “myarad STanergili 

midrekileba sicocxlisaken, Semguebloba amgvari arsebobisa, rac wm. 

maqsimes sityviT, Zalis, anu potenciis Tvisebaa”. 90 calke aRebuli es 

komentari, erTi SexedviT, erTgvar gaugebrobas iwvevs. faqts, rom 

mcenare ar azrovnebs, ra komentari sWirdeba?! magram, jer erTi, 61-e 

88 Tu rogor aris interpretirebuli maqsimesTan xatisebr da msgavsebisebr ix. g. 

TevzaZe, maqsime aRmsarebeli... 73. 

89 Sdr. И. Мейендорф, Псевдо-Дионисий Ареопагит. Глава 4. Введение в святоотеческое богословие. 

(http://www.krotov.info/library/m/meyendrf/patr_25.html): “Дионисиева классификация небесных сил не 

соответствует библейскому откровению о них, и его триады приходится признать вымышленной 

конструкцией. [...М]ысль Дионисия носит произвольный и неясный характер. ...Его теория совершенно 

игнорирует Боговоплощение. [...О]тношения между Богом и человеком были втиснуты Дионисием в 

рамки иерархической структуры и полностью детерминированы системой посредников: К счастью, 

несмотря на то что влияние Дионисия глубоко вросло в церковное сознание, Церковь никогда не 

поддалась ему до конца...” Tu rogor axerxeben Tavad dionise da mis Semdeg maqsime 

aRmsarebeli, Searbilon es mkacrad ierarqiulad gayinuli kosmologiurgnoseologiuri 

sistema, ix. ∆. Στανιλοάε, Εισαγωγή, Μυσταγωγία του Αγίου Μάξιµου του Οµολογήτου, 

Αθήνα 1997, 30-34. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Μέσα στον Αρεοπαγιτικό Εκκλησιολογικό Μεγάκοσµο, Η Αποφατική 

Εκκλησιολογία του Οµοούσιου, Αθήνα 2002, 55-57, 65-66, 68-69. 

90 e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli... 35. 

39

sqolio sakmaod didia da, amave dros, sintaqsiTa da azrTa 

TanamimdevrobiT rTulad agebuli. amitom igi namdvilad saWiroebs 

komentars. meore mxriv, es dayofa _ arsebobis mqone; arsebobis, 

sicocxlisa da moZraobis mqone; arsebobis, sicocxlis, moZraobis da 

grZnobis mqone; dabolos, arsebobis, sicocxlis, moZraobis, grZnobis da 

azrovnebis mqone _ mniSvnelovania samyaros ganRmrTobis TvalsazrisiT. 

berZeni Teologi nikos macukasi wers: “zogi qmnileba Rebulobs mxolod 

arsebobas, anu Searsdeba; zogi Searsebis Semdeg wilmqoneobs (eziareba) 

sicocxleSi da moZraobaSi; zogni wilmqoneoben gonebaSi da viTardebian 

Tavis bunebis gonierebaSi; dabolos, ganiRmrTobian RmerTis sicocxlis 

RmerTmyofel energiaSi. amrigad, gvaqvs RmerTis madlis Semaarsebeli, 

cxovelmyofeli, ganmabrZnobeli da ganmaRmrTobeli energia. maTSi 

wilmqoneoben arsebebi sakuTari bunebis damtevnelobis mixedviT (ediSer 

WeliZis zemomoyvanili citatidan: “Zalisa da potenciis mixedviT” –k.k) 

da aseve TavianTi arsebobis bunebis TanxmobiT ganviTarebuli sakuTari 

nebelobis mixedviT”. 91 yvela am sferos gamaerTianebeli ki Tavad 

adamiania. jon maiendorfi ambobs: “Rirsi maqsime mTel arsebobaSi 

ganasxvavebs urTierTsapirispiro wyvilebs: uqmneli – qmnili, cani – 

dedamiwa, samoTxe – samoTxis gareT mdebare samyaro, suli – materia, 

mamakaci _ qali”. 92 qmnida ra am urTierTdapirispirebulobebs, RmerTs 

mxedvelobaSi hqonda harmonia da ara dayofa da urTierTmtroba. maTi 

SekavSireba da savseba unda Sesrulebuliyo adamianis wiaR (adamianis 

mier da Tavad adamianSi), romelic aris RmerTis xati. swored adamians, 

Tavisi Tavisufali nebis RvTaebrivisadmi miyoliT, unda gaeerTianebina 

Tavis TavSi mTeli es gradacia. ese igi, Tavisi TavisGganRmrTobiT unda 

ganeRmrTo mTeli es diferencirebuli samyaro 93 da maT Soris _ 

angelozTa samyaroc ki. am SemTxvevaSi kosmologia Tanxvdeba 

gnoseologias, rogorc kosmoSemecnebiTi ganRmrToba. rogorc vnaxeT, 

lela aleqsiZesTan adamianis sulismieri Semecneba mxolod maSin 

emsgavseba angelozebrivs, rodesac mraval da sxvadasxva mxridan 

91 Ν. Ματσούκας, Κόσµος, Άνθροπως, Κοινωνία κατά τον Μαξίµο Οµολογήτη, Αθήνα 1980, 76-77. 

92 mamakaci-dedakaci dayofis codviTobis da gadalaxvadobis Sesaxeb ix. g. TevzaZe, 

maqsime aRmsarebeli... 75. 

93 И.Мейендорф, Продолжение христологических споров. 

Преподобный Максим Исповедник. Глава 5. Введение в святоотеческое богословие. 

http://www.krotov.info/library/m/meyendrf/patr_25.html 

40

SeZenil diskretul codnas Tavs mouyris da ipyrobs maT Seurevnelad 

da zogadad. sruli codna ki adamians mxolod xorcielad aRdgomisas, 

sulisa da xorcis xelaxla SeerTebisas miemadleba. 94 amrigad, adamiani 

praqtikisa (sxeulebrivi moRvaweobis, xilulTa Semecneba-aTvisebis) da 

Teoriis (uxilavTa mWvretelobis) wiaR 95 (mier/Tan/Si/miRma) Semoikrebs 

qmnil samyaros da SeaerTebs RmerTTan. 

Semdgomi nabiji maqsimeseuli msoflmxedvelobisa SeiZleba 

yofiliyo is, rom ara mxolod an araTu angelozTa mier ierarqiulad 

zedmotyorcnili (ase Targmnis ediSer WeliZe berZnul sityvas επιβολή) 

naTebebiT gansxivosndeba adamiani, aramed Tavad es xorcieli adamiani 

mediatorobs angelozebis ganRmrTobas. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, es 

esqatologiuri perspeqtivaa da logosis gankacebac am perspeqtivaSi 

gaigeba. logosis hule, 96 “tani” aris saRvTo nebelobebi, anu qmnilebaTa 

uqmneli logosebi. am logosebis mixedviT Seiqmna TviT materia, 

materialuri samyaro da maT Soris _ adamianis tanic. 97 codniTi 

zeaRwvdoma, romelic xorcieldeba Tanaqmnilebisa da Semoqmedis mimarT 

siyvarulis saqmeebis wiaR, iwvevs adamianis pnevmaturobas da mis mier 

logosebis ziarebas, anu logosebis wiaR saRmrTo sicocxleSi CarTvas. 

es araa mxolod dakarguli samoTxis kvlav mopoveba (lela aleqsiZis 

erTi pasaJis wakiTxvisas gviCndeba azri, rom igi soteriologias 

ganixilavs, rogorc samoTxiseul mdgomareobaSi dabrunebas 98 ), aramed 

logosis gankacebisa da vnebis imgvari soteriologiuri mniSvneloba, 

rodesac mTeli qmnili samyaro esqatologiurad xdeba logos-qristes 

(RmerTsityvis) tani (sxeuli). 

94 l. aleqsiZe, antikuroba da qristianoba... 183 

95 wiaR _ through; через, в; δια (γεν.), µέσω (γεν.). 

96 Sdr. l. aleqsiZe, antikuroba da qristianoba... 162-163: “’maqsimes’ Tanaxmad dionisem 

sworad gaigo paradigmis arsi da RvTis [Tanamaradiul] nebebad [logosebad] 

gansazRvra. komentarebSi ‘maqsime’ am ideebs saganTa goniT materias, hules uwodebs”. 

97 Sdr. g. TevzaZe, maqsime aRmsarebeli... 74-75: “maqsime ‘areopagitikis’ komentarebSi 

icavs sxeulisa da amqveyniurobis Rirebulebas”. 

98 Sdr. l. aleqsiZe, antikuroba da qristianoba... 117-118: “wm. maqsimesTan RmerTis 

msagavsad srulqmnili mxolod gnostikuri adamiani SeiZleba yofiliyo, magram 

gnostikuroba ara xorcisagan gandgomiT, aramed RmerTisa da adamianis siyvarulisTvis 

misi sruli gamoyenebiT miiRweoda. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, RmerTis msgavsebamde 

miRweuli adamiani, mTlianad srulqmnili, suliTaA da xorciT pnevmaturi iqneboda. 

cxadia, rom amgvar poziciaze mdgom RvTismetyvels romc gaesva xazi imisaTvis, rom 

adamiani ara RmerTis xatadaa Seqmnili, aramed xatis (logosis) xatad, amas ara RmerTsa 

da logoss Soris subordinaciis gamosaxatavad gaakeTebda, aramed imisaTvis, rom 

RmerTis gankacebisa da vnebis soteriologiuri mniSvneloba eCvenebina xatad RvTisa 

Seqmnili, magram adamis codvis gamo gandgomili adamianis kvlav RmerTis xatad 

srulyofisa da gamoxsnis gzaze”. Sdr. g. TevzaZe, maqsime aRmsarebeli... 73. 

41

amasTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, 

RmerTsityvis gankaceba imTaviTve Sedioda saRmrTo gangebulebaSi. 99 

logosi mxolod imitom ki ar gankacda, rom adami daeca, aramed imis 

gamo, rom mis “tans” (“sxeuls”) Seudgenlad Seadgenda logosTa 

Seurevnelad SeerTebuli simravle da es tani (sxeuli) aris qristes 

kosmiuri tani (sxeuli). es Tu asea, maSin ediSer WeliZis mier 

warmodgenili areopageliseuli subordinirebuli samyaros, romlis 

yvelaze bolo da pativdebulTa Soris yvelaze upatio adamiania, 

kopernikiseburi gadatrialeba xdeba: ara adamiani trialebs angelozebis 

garSemo, aramed mTeli samyaro _ adamianis irgvliv: “ara adamiani 

struqturisaTvis, aramed struqtura _ adamianisaTvis”... 

ediSer WeliZesTan aris kidev erTi sakiTxi, romelic Cvens 

yuradRebas ipyrobs. maqsimes sqolioebis miseul TargmanSi berZnuli 

sityva προϋφίστηµι iTargmna, rogorc winadaarseba (winadaarsebuli). es 

sityva imave konteqstSi sxva enebze sxva mTargmnelebis mier naTargmnia, 

rogorc προϋπάρχω, pre-exist, предсуществовать. es termini gvxvdeba saRvTo 

saxelTaASesaxeb me-4 paragrafSi, romelsac ediSer WeliZesTan moyvanili 

dayofis mixedviT Seesabameba sqolioebis 46-e komentari. 100 orivegan 

konteqstis mixedviT laparakia saRvTo logosebze, romlebic RmerTis 

Tanamaradiulni arian. rogorc viciT, isini marad arseboben, rogorc 

nebelobebi. isini arseboben, magram ar arian arsebebi (maSin isini 

RmerTis Tanaarsni unda yofiliyvnen), aramed _ saRvTo nebelobis 101 

nebebebi, anu RmerTis maradiuli azrebi. amdenad, maTze SeiZleba iTqvas, 

rom windawin arseboben, winaarseboben, rasac adastureben am terminis 

axalberZnuli, inglisuri da rusuli Targmanebi. e. WeliZis Targmani 

orazrovania: am sityvis Semadgeneli daarseba SeiZleba niSnavdes raime 

saqmianobis dawyebas an safuZvlis Cayras (daarseba sazogadoebis, 

99 Β. Ψευτούκας, Θεολογική ανάληση του περιεχοµένου της Ερώτησής Ξ΄- Απόκρισης, Πρακτικά ΚΑ΄ Θεολογικού 

Συνεδρίου µε Τέµα «Ο Άγιος Μαξιµος ο Οµολογητής», Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 221-233. am Temaze damatebiTi 

msjeloba da bibliografia ix. Αθ. Β. Βλέτσης, Το Προπατορικό αµάρτηµα στη θεολογία του Μαξίµου του 

Οµολογίτου, Θεσσαλονίκη (weli ar aris miTiTebuli), 337-357. 

100 e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli... 28. da e. WeliZe, saRvTo saxelTaASesaxeb, gza 

sameufo 1995, # 1, Tbilisi 1995, 12. 

101 Cven am TavSi termins θέληση-s vTargmniT nebelobad, xolo βούληση-s _ nebad. Tumca 

momdevno TavebSi yovelTvis ver vicavT (konteqstidan gamomdinare) am Sesabamisobas. 

42

skolis). 102 am mniSvnelobiT igi TiTqmis gaigivebulia sityva SeqmnasTan. 

am SemTxvevaSi gamodis, rom logosebi safuZvelCayrilni, anu Seqmnilni 

arian. marTalia, Cven ar SegviZlia, dabejiTebiT vTqvaT, rom logosebi 

ar arian raRac gagebiT Seqmnilni, magram vixrebiT im azrisaken, rom 

isini Seuqmnelni arian, anu ararsebobidan arsebaSi Semoyvanilni ar 

arian. 103 meore mxriv, daarseba SeiZleba niSnavdes, rom logosebi 

qmnilebaTaTvis safuZvlad winamaradiulad arian dadebulni. am gagebiT 

logosebi ar arian Seqmnilni, aramed imTaviTve safuZvlad dadebulni, 

qveS-Sedgmulni. berZnuli sityva υφ-ίστηµι 104 zustad amas niSnavs: qve(S)- 

Seyenebas, qve(S)-Sedgmas (Cveulebriv, υφ-ίστηµι niSnavs arsebobas, varsebob). 

amrigad, dionisesa da “maqsimes” mixedviT, logosebi “qveS-Sedgmulni” 

arian qmnilebebs e. i. maTi safuZvelni arian. Tu Cveni msjeloba sworia, 

maSin arc erTi zemomoyvanili Targmani araa zusti da isini ganmartebas 

saWiroeben. 

amasTan erTad, gvinda vTqvaT, rom ediSer WeliZis da lela 

aleqsiZis Sexedulebebi qmnilebaTa “winadaarsebuli” safuZvlebis 

Sesaxeb ar emTxveva erTmaneTs. lela aleqsiZe ambobs: “wm. maqsimes 

Tanaxmad da neoplatonikosebisagan gansxvavebiT, RmerTma sagnebi 

mxolod maT zogadobaSi ki ar icis, aramed maTi calkeuli Tvisebebis 

CaTvliT, radgan saganTaA idea misi WeSmaritebaa da es calkeulsa da 

individualurs imdenadve exeba, ramdenadac zogads... erTeulis, 

individualuris Rirebulebis win wamoweva platonuri zogadobis 

gverdiT, es saerTod antiplatonuri tendencia wm. maqsimes Semoqmedebis 

erT-erTi Taviseburebaa, romelic fon balTazarma warmoaCina”. 105 ediSer 

102 Tavad e. WeliZe ase ganmartavs sityva υφίσταµαι (υφίσταται, υπέστη) Sesatyvis termins 

“daarseba”: “daarseba (arsdeba, moxda daarseba)” (ix. wm. ioane damaskeli, 

marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi gadmocema, Tbilisis sasuliero 

akademiis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi 2000, 319). 

103 am Temaze msjeloba ix. Α. Β. Βλέτσης, Το Προπατορικό…71. Tuki Cven davuSvebT, rom 

logosebs SeiZleba raRacnairad ewodos qmnilebebi, maSin ioane petriwiseuli 

namdvilmyofic, SesaZloa, ganvixiloT rogorc logosis tani, anu qristes sxeuli, 

rasac e. WeliZe kategoriulad uaryofs, rodesac damana meliqiSvilis hipoTezas 

namdvilmyofis qristesTan kavSiris Sesaxeb (am azrs iziareben l. xoferiac da l. 

aleqsiZec) mkacrad akritikebs da am kritikisas umTavres argumentad mohyavs swored is 

faqti, rom petriwi namdvilmyofs Seqmnils uwodebs (ix. samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo 

Sromebi 1, Tbilisi 2002). 

104 προϋφίστηµι-is gverdiT maqsime logosebTan mimarTebaSi xmarobs zmnidan nawarmoeb 

termins καταρτίζω (προκαταρτίζω), rac niSnavs gasrulyofilebas. anu, RmerTma qmnileba 

windawin maradiulobaSive srulyofili ineba (Προς Θαλάσσιον (Talasesadmi) 13 PG 90, 293D- 

296CA). 


43

WeliZe, Tavis mxriv, wm. simon axali RvTismetyvelis samadlobelis 

miseuli Targmanis erT-erT komentarSi aRniSnavs: “[simonis frazaSi] 

SenSi mflobdi me mTlians igulisxmeba, rom adamiani, rogorc qmnileba, 

mTliani saxiT (sqesobriv-personalur danawilebamde) winaswar arsebobda 

RvTis Sesaqmiseul ganzraxvaSi”. 106 ras unda niSnavdes sqesobrivpersonaluri 

danawilebis arqona, Tu ara individualuri Tvisebebis 

ganurCevlobas? an, SenSi mflobdi me mTlians xom ar niSnavs imas, rom 

mTlianSi swored individualuri damaxasiaTeblebic igulisxmeba? amis 

sasargeblod metyvelebs isic, rom simonis teqstis mTeli is monakveTi, 

sadac es fraza gvxvdeba, uaRresad intimuri mimarTvaa qristes mimarT. iq 

laparakia swored me-s Sen-is winaSe dgomaze da SeiZleba me-s ar hqondes 

sqesobriv-personaluri maxasiaTeblebi? SesaZloa, e. WeliZe azrs, rom 

yvela erTbaSad individualuri maxasiaTeblebis ganurCevlobaSi aris 

Seqmnili erT zogadobaSi, iRebs zemonaxsenebi “maqsimes” sqoliosagan: 

“eseni arian arsebebi da Zalebi, romelTa Sesaxebac aris codnani da 

romel arsebaTa da ZalTa, -erToblivad yvelas, RmerTSi winadaarsebas 

ambobs – ara calkeulad, aramed erTbaSad, - misi (RvTis) winaswar 

codnis gamouTqmeli sityvisamebr”. 107 ara calkeulad SesaZlebelia 

gagebul iqnas, rogorc calkeuli, anu individualuri maxasiaTeblebis 

gareSe. magram, jer erTi, es Targmani miuxedavad imisa rom, Cveni azriT, 

sworia, mainc ar aris erTaderTi varianti. igi SeiZleba iTargmnos, 

rogorc nawil-nawil (ανά µέρος) an erTi romelime maTi nawili (asea 

Targmnili axalberZnulad). es bolo ori varianti kargad ergeba 

konteqsts: logosebi maradiulia, anu erTbaSad da erTad (da ara calcalke) 

arian nebebulni RmerTis mier (sxvanairad, isini ar iqnebodnen 

maradiulni, aramed droSi TanmimdevrobiTad nebebulni). amave dros, es 

SeiZleba niSnavdes, rom RmerTi adamians nawil-nawil ki ar inebebs _jer 

mTlians da mere mis kerZo Tvisebebs, aramed inebebs mas mTlianad da 

erTbaSad mTeli misi pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebiT. 108 gamoTqma ανά µέρος-is 

106 e. WeliZe, wm. svimeon axali RvTismetyvelis samadlobeli, gza sameufo 1994, #1, 

Tbilisi 1994, 22. 

107 e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli... 29. 

108 Sdr. ix. g. TevzaZe, maqsime aRmsarebeli... 74: “sayuradReboa mis [maqsimes] mier 

RmerTSi warmosaxvis Zalis (fantaziis) uaryofa. RmerTis mier moazreba da Seqmna 

igivea, warmosaxva ki uZlurebis niSania”. 

44

ara calkeulad Targmna ubralod konteqsturad ar aris mkafio, Tumca 

gramatikulad da asogamowvlilviTad sworia. 

Tanamedrove berZeni Teologi nikolaos ludovikosi wers: 

“RmerTis konkretuli azriTi aqtebisagan, anu logosebisagan momdinareoben: 

arsi, buneba, eidosi (saxe), forma (µορφή), sinTezi (Sedgeniloba), Zala 

(potencia), energia, vnebuloba (πάθος) da aseve arsebebis damaxasiaTeblebis 

individualuri gansxvavebuloba raodenobis, Tvisebis, mimarTebis, 

adgilmdebareobis (toposis), drois, adgilis (Tesis), moZraobisa da 

Tvisebis (naTvisobis). [...] mTeli eqsistencialuri winsvla konkretuli 

arsebisa gaigeba gangebulebiTad da zrunviTad da esqatologiurad, ese igi 

konkretul eklesiur-evqaristiul CarCoSi”. 109 

maSasadame, nikolaos ludovikosis ganmartebis mixedviT, lela aleqsiZis 

mier gagebuli logosebi ufro axlos arian maqsimeseul logosebTan, 

vidre ediSer WeliZisa. marTlac, Tuki erTi logosi sayovelTaoa da 

masSi ganurCevelia pirovnuli Tvisebebi, maSin am logoss mimsgavseba, 

anu sotereia, rogorc WeSmarit mdgomareobaSi gadasvla, yofila 

sakuTari specifikis dakargva, rac ver CaiTvleba qristianuli doqtrinis 

Sesabamisad. 110 

ediSer WeliZis meore Targmanidan wm. maqsime aRmsareblis naSromze 

_WeSmariti codnis Sesaxeb (gamokrebili) darTuli komentarebidan aq 

mxolod erTia CvenTvis saintereso (danarCeni komentarebi mxolod 

filologiur-terminologiuri xasiaTisaa). 

es komentari daerTvis maqsimes oraseuls RvTismetyvelebisa da Ze 

RmerTis xorcSi gangebulebis Sesaxeb (2. 37). aq vkiTxulobT: saTnoebiTi, 

anu saqmiTi (praqtikuli) moRvaweoba gankacebuli sityvis amqveyniuri 

sxeulebrivi moRvaweobis mibaZvaa, anu saqmiTi Rvawli igive xorcqmnili 

sityvaa ganivTebuli saTnoebaTa mravalsaxeobaSi. meore mxriv, sulieri 

azrovneba, maRali mWvreteloba, anu saidumloTa RvTismetyveleba 

109 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία, Θεσσαλονίκη 1992, 85, 91. Sdr. T.T. Tollefsen, The 

Christocentric Cosmology of St Maximus the Confessor,Oxsford University Press 2008, “logosebi arian 

RmerTis intenciebi (ganzraxulobebi), romelTa mierac yovelma qmnilebam miiRo maTi 

zogadi, kerZo da individualuri bunebebi”. dawvrilebiT arsebulTa logosebis Sesaxeb 

ix. iqve, 64-138; aseve ix. M. Törönen, Union and Dinstinction in the Thought of St Maximus the Confessor, 

Oxford Universitu press, 2007, 127-138; 

110 rogorc sCans, ediSer WeliZes ar ainteresebda da specialurad ar gamoukvlevia 

saRvTo logosebis sakiTxi. aSkaraa, rom igi Targmanisas sxva mizans isaxavda. 

45

eswrafvis sityvis RvTiurobas, anu sulieri mWvreteloba gacxadebaa 

sityvis RmerTobisa. 111 

unda aRiniSnos, rom maqsimes am Targmanis gamoqveynebis mizezi iyo 

im periodSi eklesiur wreebSi arsebuli kamaTi sulier-religiur 

cxovrebaSi codnis rolis Sesaxeb. mokamaTeebis erTi mxare 

daupirispirda ediSer WeliZes da acxadebda, rom mamaTa mier uaryofili 

iyo gareSe codna. 112 vfiqrobT, swored maT (mokamaTeTa) sapasuxod 

gamoaqveyna e. WeliZem es SerCeviTi Targmani. am movlenaTa konteqstis 

codniT CvenTvis cxadia misi (ediSer WeliZis) damokidebuleba anu 

erTgvari “komentari” (aq Cven swored ediSer WeliZis analizi 

gvainteresebs) maqsimes am Txzulebaze. maSasadame, gangebulebis 2.39-dan 

cxadad Cans, rom RmerTis Secnoba xdeba katafatikurad (mtkicebiTad), 

rogorc xilvadTa da SexebadTa gziT maTi mizezis Secnoba. xolo 

apofatikuri srulyofs sityvas (saRvTo logoss). amrigad, 2.37-isa da 2.39- 

is SejerebiT cxadi xdeba, rom praqtikuli, asketur siqveleTamieri 

codna igivea, rac SegrZnebadTa codna. da es orive raRacnairi 

RvTismetyvelebaa. amrigad, rodesac ediSer WeliZe am or muxls 

(vgulisxmobT gangebulebaA 2.37-isa da 2.39-s) gamoarCevs da Targmnis 

oponentebs eubneba, rom maqsimes swavlebiT, gareSeTa mecniereba aris 

nawilobrivi RvTismetyveleba (Sdr. iqve 2.94: “elinuri simboloa 

bunebiTi mWvretelobisa, radgan elinTa tomma danarCen adamianebze metad 

moicala bunebiTi filosofiisaTvis”) da, amrigad, sasargebloa, Tu is 

iqneba srulqmnili saidumlo RvTismetyvelebiT, anu sulieri WvretiT. 113 

xolo imis Sesaxeb, rom saidumlo RvTismetyveleba aucileblad 

gulisxmobs sakramentul-RvTismsaxurebiT (naTloba, evqaristia) 

momentsac, e. WeliZe aras ambobs, magram misgan gansxvavebiT, Cven es Tema 

gvainteresebs. oRond, sanam gadavidodeT CvenTvis saintereso saganze, 

gvinda gavceT im kiTxvas pasuxi, romelic davsviT frazis “msgavsi 

111 e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsareblis WeSmariti codnis Sesaxeb (gamokrebili), gza 

sameufeo 1996 # 1 (4), Tbilisi 1996, 20. Sdr. g. TevzaZe, maqsime aRmsarebeli... 71: 

“qriste [aris] nimuSi adamianisaTvis, nimuSi da magaliTi im brZolaSi, romelic yovel 

adamianSi mimdinareobs sikeTisadmi dapirispirebuli survilis dasamorCileblad”. 

112 am kamaTebisaTvis ix. e. WeliZe, zogi sarwmunoebriv-dogmaturi sakiTxis Sesaxeb, gza 

sameufo. danarTi # 2, Tbilisi 1995, 1-11. 

113 saerTod, pirdapir iracionalurze gadaxtoma mecnierebis, anu gagebis gareSe ucxo 

rom iyo maqsimesaTvis, amas aRniSnavs guram TevzaZec: “iseTi gulwrfeli morwmune, 

rogoric maqsime aRmsarebeli iyo, sanam SesaZlebelia, gagebas moiTxovs rwmenis 

Sinaarsisas da ar efareba iracionalurs” (g. TevzaZe, maqsime aRmsarebeli... 71). 

46

msgavsiT Seicnobas” ganxilvis dros. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, advili 

misaxvedria, rom maqsimes mier am frazis neoplatonikosebisagan 

dasesxebulobaze miTiTebiT ediSer WeliZem xazi gausva mamebis gareSe 

filosofiasTan dadebiT damokidebulebas da aseve mianiSna maTi (mamebis) 

azrovnebis aRmatebulobazec. 

axla gadavideT maqsimes sakramentalurobis Temaze. gangebulebis 

2.94-Si (Cven es muxli ukve Segvxvda cotaTi zemoT), sadac ganixileba 

samenovani warwera qristes jvarze, ebrauli warweris simboluri 

mniSvneloba ase ganimarteba: “ebrauli aRniSnavs saRvTismetyvelo 

mesaidumloeobas (την θεολογικήν µυσταγωγίαν)”. mistagogia ki maqsimesaTvis 

ueWvelad dakavSirebulia evqaristiis saidumlosTan. man Tavis 

evqaristiul ganmartebebs swored mistagogia uwoda. da rogorc 

rumineli Teologi dumitru staniloae (Dumitru Stăniloae (1903-1993)) ambobs, 

“mistagogiaSi maqsime sistemurad gadmoscems individisa da samyaros 

amaRlebas RmerTisaken”. 114 anTropologia da kosmologia erT 

mTlianobaSi ganixileba, rogorc evqaristiuli aRmasvla, anu 

ganRmrToba. 115 evqaristiuli aluziaa agreTve gangebuleba 1, 33-34-Si. aq 

codniseul purTa natexebis ganawileba utoldeba 2.38-is sityvis 

xorcyofas zneTswavlulebis Camoyalibebis gziT. xolo Talasesadmi 45- 

Si evqaristiuli puri, anu qristes xorci pirdapir gaigivebulia xilul 

saganTa Wvretis gziT RmerTis SemecnebasTan, xolo evqaristiuli sisxli 

– uxilavTa, anu gonismier saganTa WvretasTan. 116 amrigad, CvenTvis 

cxadze ucxadesia, rom maqsimesTan anTropologia evqaristiulia. 

sasuliero akademiis Jurnal samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo Sromebi II 

-Si ediSer WeliZes gamoqveynebuli aqvs maqsimes sami Targmani. Cven 

gvainteresebs maTze darTuli ori sqolio. 

114 ∆. Στανιλοάε, Εισαγωγή, Μυσταγωγία του Αγίου Μάξιµου του Οµολογήτου, Αθήνα 1997, 73. 

115 g. TevzaZe, maqsime aRmsarebeli... 75. iqve guram TevzaZe aRniSnavs, rom samyaros 

ganRmrToba, romelic dakavSirebulia logosis gankacebasTan, panTeisturi gagebaa. 

116 Talasesadmi 35 (Προς Θαλάσσιον ΛΕ΄), PG 90, 377C: “undoda ra, arsebaSi [gankacebuliyo da] 

mosuliyo, rogorc es [romlis ganxorcielebis xerxi] uwyoda Tavad zearsma logosma 

da yvela arsebulis Semoqmedma, Tan mohyavs Tavis RvTaebriobis goniTuwvdomeli 

azrebi da xiluli da goniTi arsebebis bunebis yvela logosi. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom 

noeturi arsebebis logosebi aris logosis sisxli, xolo grZnobadTa [logosebi] aris 

misi xiluli xorci. [...is] RirseulT aZlevs, Wamon misi xorcis saxiT codna, romelic 

aris xilulTa logosebSi da Sesvan, rogorc misi sisxli is codna, romelic aris 

goniTsawvdomTa logosebSi”. 

47

1. teqsti ambobs, rom Tuki qristeSi neba hipostasuri iqneboda, maSin 

igi hipostasiT ganeyofoda mamasac da adamianebsac. e. WeliZe ase 

ganmartavs am adgils: bunebiT RmerTobasa da bunebiT adamianobas 

aerTianebs qristes hipostasi. “Sesabamisad, neba rom hipostaseuli iyos, 

macxovari nebis mixedviT, erTi mxriv, unda ganeSoros mamiseul da 

suliwmidiseul hipostasebs (radgan, maTgan gansxvavebiT, igi garda 

RmrTeebisa, adamianobasac moicavs), meore mxriv ki – adamianebs (radgan 

adamianebisagan gansxvavebiT igi, garda adamianobisa, RmrTeebis mqonea). 

amrigad, Tavisi adamianobiT macxovari ganeyofa oden saRvTo bunebisad 

yofnas, RmrTeebiT ki – oden adamianur bunebisad yofnas”. 117 anu, maqsimes 

TqmiT, Tuki qristeSi neba iqneboda erTi, Tanac hipostasuri, maSin es 

neba aucileblad iqneboda Sedgenili da, amrigad, araigiveobrivi mamisa 

da suliwmidis saerTo bunebiTi Seudgeneli nebisa (xolo triadologiis 

Tanaxmad, mamas, Zesa da suliwmidas aqvT saerTo erTi bunebiTi neba). 

aseve, es Sedgenili neba ar iqneboda igiveobrivi adamianis bunebis nebisa. 

amasve gulisxmobs komentaric. 

rac Seexeba komentaris frazas, “Tavisi adamianobiT macxovari 

ganeyofa oden saRvTo bunebisad yofnas, RmrTeebiT ki – oden adamianur 

bunebisad yofnas”, ganmmartebels imis Tqma ki ar surs, rom qristeSi 

adamianuri buneba gamoyofilia RvTaebrivisagan (isini ganuyofelni, 

ganucalcalkevebelni da Seurevelni arian), aramed imis, rom adamianuri 

qristeSi srulad adamianurad narCundeba (Tumca ganiRmrToba), da 

RvTaebrivi ki _ RvTaebrivad. 

2. maqsimes teqsti, ZiriTadad, Seexeba dionises RmerTmamakacur nebasa 

da kirile aleqsandrielis erTi da TanamonaTesave moqmedebis 

dioTeliturad ganxilvas. maqsime aranairad ar Rebulobs qristesTan 

dakavSirebiT erT hipostasur an bunebiT moqmedebas. komentari aseTia: 

qristes mier aRsrulebuli moqmedeba aRiqmeba rogorc erTi. Sesabamisad, 

es moqmedeba ar aris bunebiseuli, radgan qristes ori buneba aqvs da ar 

SeiZleba hqondes erTi moqmedeba, aramed unda hqondes ori _ TiToeuli 

bunebis Sesabamisi. es moqmedeba ar SeiZleba iyo hipostasiseuli, radgan 

aseT SemTxvevaSi qristes moqmedeba ar iqneba mamisa da suliseuli da 

117 e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli. asli epistolisa, rac gaigzavna uwmidesi 

episkoposis, ufal nikandros mimarT wminda maqsimes mier qristeSi ori moqmedebis 

Sesaxeb, samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo Sromebi II, Tbilisi 2004, 14. 

48

gaemijneba maT. es moqmedeba aris “SeerTebiseuli”, anu gangebulebiTi. 

“marTalia, macxovris erTi hipostasi moqmedebs (Sesabamisad, moqmedi 

erTia), marTalia, macxovris mier imoqmedeba saRvTo da adamianuri 

moqmedebani (Sesabamisad, mas ori bunebiseuli moqmedeba aqvs), magram 

misgan namoqmedari, is, rac man imoqmeda, anu mis mier aRsrulebuli 

moqmedeba (vTqvaT, gacocxleba), rac aRiqmeba, rogorc erTi, erTi aris 

SeerTebiTad, gangebulebiTad, radgan saRvTo moqmedebis Sedegicaa igi 

da adamianurisac”. 118 azris kidev ufro gamartivebisaTvis moviyvanoT 

magaliTi: vTqvaT ori kaci maRla aswevs erT qvas. moqmedebs ori kaci, 

e.i. gvaqvs ori moqmedeba. magram ra moimoqmedes, anu ra moxda? _ aiwia 

qva. maSasadame, orma moqmedebam Seasrula erTi jamuri moqmedeba: aiwia 

qva. saxezea erTi qmedeba – qvis aweva. moqmedi ki ori moqmedebaa da ase 

Semdeg... … 

rac Seexeba Targmanebs _ suliwmidis samgvari gamovlinebis Sesaxeb 

kacobriobaSi 119 da kidonis uwmides episkoposisadmi, 120 pirvels erTvis 

Sesavali da sqolioebi, meores ki _ mxolod erTi umniSvnelo sqolio. 

rac Seexeba Sesavals, is mxolod mokle Sinaarsia isedac mokle da 

advilad gasagebi teqstisa, magram igi mniSvnelovania CvenTvis da mas 

qvemoT, Cveni naSromis Sesabamis TavSi, kvlav davubrundebiT. 

ediSer WeliZis gamokvlevebisa da Targmanebis ganxilvis Semdeg 

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom: 

1. gamokvlevebi ZiriTadad filologiuri xasiaTisaa da ar aqvs 

pirdapiri kavSiri maqsimes msoflmxedvelobasTan. 

dakonkretebulia mxolod ramdenime Zv. qarTuli teqstis 

mTargmnelis vinaoba; 

2. ediSer WeliZis mixedviT, maqsime (Targmanebis sqolioebSi ar 

ganixileba dionise areopagelis naSromebis komentatoris 

vinaobis sakiTxi) iziarebs dionises kosmologiur da 

gnoseologiur mkacr ierarqiulobas; 

3. maqsime dayofs qmnilebas: a) mxolod arsebulebad, b) 

moZraobis mqoneTac, g) grZnobis mqoneTac da d) azrovnebis 

mqoneTac; 

118 e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli. asli epistolisa... 19. 

119 samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo Sromebi II... 77-79. 

120 samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo Sromebi II... 22-23. 

49

4. maqsimes mixedviT, praqtikul-saTnoebiTi moRvaweoba 

ukavSirdeba logosis gankacebas, xolo saRvTo saidumloTa 

Wvreta _ logosis RvTaebriobas; 

5. maqsimes frazas _ “msgavsi msgavisagan Seicnobas”, daeZebneba 

neoplatonuri analogebi 121 ; 

6. ori saxis moRvaweobas (praqtikuls da Teoriuls) mihyavs 

WeSmariti codnisaken da, amrigad, gareSe filosofia, romelic 

kavSirSia praqtikul-saTnoebiT moRvaweobasTan, legitimuria 

mamaTa swavlebiT; 

7. maqsimes mixedviT, logosebi winadaarsebuli arian da maTSi 

adamianis sqesobriv-personaluri Tvisebebi daunawilebelia, 

anu gaurkvevelia, erTi mxriv, Seqmnili arian logosebi Tu 

ara da, meore mxriv, soteriologiur perspeqtivaSi inarCunebs 

Tu ara pirovneba pirovnulobas, anu pirovnul Tvisebebs. 

es rac Seexeba Tavad ediSer WeliZis mier mocemul ganmartebebs. Cveni 

miznebidan gamomdinare, gvinda ganvavrcoT isini. amrigad, daskvnis saxiT 

SegviZlia vTqvaT: 

maqsimesTan gadalaxulia Caketili piramiduli ierarqiuloba. saxeze 

gvaqvs saRvTo logosTa dinamiuri sistema, sadac logosis gankacebas, 

pirvel rigSi, esqatologiuri datvirTva aqvs. am esqatologiur 

perspeqtivaSi adamiani, rogorc logosis xatis matarebeli, TamaSobs 

centralur rols. swored sulier-xorcieli konkretuli adamiani aris 

mediatori uqmnelsa da qmnils Soris. mas am misiis Sesrulebis unars 

aZlevs sityvis gankaceba. adamianis pirovnebis centraluri roli 

ganisazRvreba qristes centralurobiT _ mTeli samyaro qristes 

sxeulia. am sxeulSi saidumloebiTi (sakramentuli) CarTva samyaros 

SemecnebiTi winsvlis gziT miemarTeba pirovnuli srulyofilebisa da 

ganRmrTobisaken. amrigad, winaswari daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, 

rom anTropologia pirovnul-esqatologiur-evqaristiulia. 

121 Sdr. Ed. Moore, “Likeness to God as Far as Possible”: Deification Doctrine in Iamblichus and Three Eastern 

Christian Fathers,” in Theandros: An Online Journal of Orthodox Theology and Philosophy, vol. 3, no. 1 (Fall 2005) 

(eduard muri aris Tanamedrove amerikeli marTlmadidebeli Teologi) 

50

1.5. wminda werili, rogorc RvTisSemecnebis evqaristiuli veli 

gamosacemad mzadaa zurab jaSis statia wminda werilis wm. maqsime 

aRmsarebliseuli xedva. 122 dasawyisSive unda aRvniSnoT, rom es aris 

erTaderTi gamokvleva qarTul enaze, romlis mizania maqsimes 

Teologiuri kvleva. Cven ar SevudgebiT am statiis gamowvlilviT 

ganxilvas. mxolod Sejamebis saxiT yuradReba gvinda gavamaxviloT 

ramdenime umniSvnelovanes aspeqtze: 

1. maqsime aRmsarebeli uflis gankacebas ukavSirebs RvTis Semecnebis 

yvela saxeobas da masze afuZnebs mTel Tavis gnoseologiur 

sistemas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom misi gnoseologia aris 

qristocentruli, da, am mxriv, aviTarebs areopagituli korpusis 

mtkicebiT (katafatikur) da ukuTqmiT (apofatikur) RvTismetyvelebas; 

2. wminda werilis istoriuli da esqatologiuri aspeqtebis erTianoba 

mas (wm. werils), rogorc RmerTis gamocxadebis wyarosa da 

qristianobisaTvis WeSmaritebis kriteriums, aTavisuflebs gayinuli 

statikurobisagan da aZlevs uaRresad dinamiur xasiaTs; 

3. wm. maqsime aRmsareblis egzegezis Tavisebureba esqatologiur 

“pirvelnayofTa” Wvretisadmi gansakuTrebul yuradRebaSi 

gamoixateba; 

4. radgan adamians ganmartebis unari suliwmidiT eniWeba, amdenad igi 

sinergiulia; 

5. maqsime ormagi codnis (“gnosisis”) arsebobas aRiarebs: erTi mxriv, 

piradi mistikuri gamocdilebiT wm. werilis siRrmiseuli kvleviT 

miRebul codnas; meore mxriv, adamianis racionaluri mecnieruli 

ZalisxmeviT mopovebul codnas; 

6. maqsimesTvis uflis meored mosvla ar aris mxolod momavlis 

movlena, aramed aris permanentulad aRsrulebadi aqti, romelic 

“xdeba yovelTvis da RirseulT saTnoebis gziT gardaqmnis xorcidan 

sulad”, e.i. “Rirseulebs” ganaRmrTobs; 

7. maqsime “Rirseulebs” gamoyofs yvela danarCenisagan. maT Soris 

zRvars avlebs, ra Tqma unda, ara maTi bunebrivi monacemebis 

122 ix. misive wm. maqsime aRmsareblis egzegetikuri meTodis saRvTismetyvelo 

safuZvlebi, sadiplomo naSromi (sapatriarqos sasuliero akademia). 

51

mixedviT (uflis gankacebiT motanili xsna da ganRmrToba 

yvelasTvisaa gankuTvnili), aramed nebelobiTi Zalisxmevis mixedviT; 

8. wminda werili aris erTgvari sarke, romelSic adamiani Wvrets 

sakuTari sulis siRrmeSi warmoqmnil ufaqizes grZnobebsa da 

azrebs, da, amave dros, Wvrets gzas, Tu rogor unda gardaqmnas 

sakuTari azrebi da grZnobebi. amitom, maqsime am meTods uwodebs 

“ayvanas” (anagogia) (Cveni mxriv gvinda davamatoT, rom anagogiuri 

meTodi maqsimesTan igivea, rac alegoriuli (aleqsandriuli) 

meTodi 123 ); 

9. wm. werili aris erTgvari garemo, sadac adamiani da RmerTi 

erTmaneTs xvdeba. RmerTi Tavisi logosebiT “eTamaSeba” adamianis 

gonebas da iwvevs sakuTari marad idumali mSvenierebis 

Sesacnobad. 124 

Cven ukve vnaxeT, rodesac vsaubrobdiT ediSer WeliZis Targmanebze, 

rom “logosebiT TamaSi”, upirveles yovlisa, evqaristiulia. wminda 

werilis evqaristiuli ganzomileba Cans lela aleqsiZis naSromidanac, 

rodesac igi ambobs: “maqsime aRniSnavda logosis, romelSic Tavmoyrilia 

ideebi/logosebi, samgvar inkarnacias: 1. qmnilebaTa logosebi, 2. wm. 

werilis sityvebi/logosebi, 3. xorcqmnili logosi. am ukanasknel 

mdgomareobaSi is mTlianad eZleva jer kidev xorciel adamianebs 

rogorc Tavis sityvebSi, aseve Tavisi sxeulis saidumloebaSi”. 125 swored 

evqaristiul saidumloebaSi poulobs Tavis uamaRlebules sazriss 

werili, “romelSic [werilSi] adamiani Wvrets sakuTari sulis siRrmeSi 

warmoqmnil ufaqizes grZnobebsa da azrebs da, amave dros, Wvrets gzas, 

Tu rogor unda gardaqmnas sakuTari azrebi da grZnobebi” (ix. me-8 

punqti), anu gardaiqmnas mTlianad TviTon da TavisTan erTad gardaqmnas 

samyaro. amrigad, adamiani mudmivad gardaqmnadia (ix. punqti me-6), anu 

evqaristiulad gaxsnilia momavlis winaSe, Riaa masSi yofierebis niadag 

axali saxiT gamovlenisaTvis. 

123 ix. Ιω. Γαλάνης, Η Αγία Γραφή στο έργο του Μαξίµου του Οµολογήτου, Πρακτικά ΚΑ΄Θεολογικού Συνεδρίου, 

Ιερά Μητρόπολις Θεσσαλονίκης, Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 85-86 

124 z. jaSi, wminda werilis wm. maqsime aRmsarebliseuli xedva, Jurn. emaosi 2007 


52

Sejameba 

Cven SevecadeT SeZlebisdagvarad dawvrilebiT gangvexila maqsime 

aRmsareblis saxelTan dakavSirebuli qarTveli mkvlevarebis mier 

gamoqveynebuli naSromebi. am ganxilvis mTavari mizani ar iyo, 

gamogvekriba yvelaferi, rac maqsimesTanaa dakavSirebuli am naSromebSi, 

aramed gvindoda, Tanmimdevrulad gadmogveca is, rac garkveul kavSirSia 

mis msoflmxedvelobasTan. amave dros, Cvens gadmocemas paralelurad 

miveciT iseTi Tanmimdevroba da xasiaTi, rom, pirvel rigSi, Segveqmna 

zogadi foni maqsimes Teologiuri portretisaTvis (amisaTvis 

gamoviyeneT lela xoferias mier damuSavebuli maqsimes biografia da 

istoriul-Teologiuri konteqsti) da Semdeg win wamogvewia da gvesaubra 

calkeul saRvTismetyvelo Strixebze imdenad, ramdenadac amis 

saSualebas gvaZlevda gamokvlevebi qarTul enaze. es Strixebi, ra Tqma 

unda, ar aris sakmarisi portretisaTvis, magram Cveni mizanic swored is 

iyo, rom gvenaxa, ra aris gakeTebuli da ra _ gasakeTebeli. 

zogadad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maqsimeze qarTuli gamokvlevebi, 

ZiriTadad, istoriuli da filologiuri xasiaTisaa. Teologiuri 

ganxilva an mxolod filologiur miznebs emsaxureba da, amdenad, 

mwiria, an saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri xasiaTis naSromebi (lela 

aleqsiZe, zurab jaSi) mxolod ramdenime calkeul sakiTxs exeba da isic 

ara maqsimes msoflmxedvelobis mTliani konteqstis fonze. 

axla mokled SevajamoT is, rac gavakeTeT: 

1. movxazeT maqsimes istoriul-biografiul-Teologiuri konteqsti; 

2. movitaneT maqsimes naSromTa sruli nusxa; 

3. vnaxeT, Tu vis mier da ra aris Targmnili maqsimes 

Txzulebebidan qarTulad; 

4. vivaraudeT, Tu raSi SeiZleba daexmaros maqsimes mkvlevars 

qarTuli Targmanebi. kerZod: eqvTime aTonelis ganmartebiTi 

Targmanebi da gelaTuri teqstis sityvasityviTi Targmanebi 

SeiZleba aRmoCndnen maqsimes teqstebis gansxvavebuli wakiTxvebi 

(“komentarebi”); 

5. gamoikveTa zogi saRvTismetyvelo aspeqti: a) qristeSi ori – 

saRvTo da kacobrivi (adamianuri) _ neba da moqmedeba; b) 

qristeSi ar aris jerCinebiTi, anu gnomikuri neba; g) bunebis 

53

logosisa da arsebobis gvaris (troposis, anu am SemTxvevaSi 

hipostasis) mimarTeba; d) RmerTi Tavisi arsiT Seumecnebelia da 

nawilobriv Semecnebadia Tavis gangebulebiT qmedebebSi; e) 

saRvTo nebebi, anu maradiuli logosebi, rogorc qmnilebaTa 

paradigmebi; v) Semecnebis safexurebi da saRvTo gonebis 

miuwvdomloba (suleli sibrZne); z) kosmologiuri 

ierarqiulobis kavSiri gnoseologiur ierarqiulobasTan, anu am 

ierarqiulobis fsevdo dioniseseuli simkacris maqsimeseuli 

gadaxedva; T) gnosisis praqtikul-zneobrivi mxare da am 

konteqstSi maqsimes TeologiaSi “gareSe” filosofiis 

legitimuroba da i) gnosisi, anu adamianis pirovnebisa da qmnili 

samyaros erTianobis esqatologiur-evqaristiuli ganzomileba. 

6. gavecaniT maqsimes saqarTveloSi dakrZalvasTan dakavSirebul 

samecniero ZiebaTa problemebs (istoriul wyaroebSi asaxuli 

toponimia dasturdeba, magram arqeologiuri monacemebi jerjerobiT 

ar adastureben am wyaroebis utyuarobas). 

Cveni teqstis moculobis gazrdis Tavidan asacileblad moverideT 

qarTul naSromebSi mocemuli bibliografiis detalur aRnusxvas (maT 

Soris korneli kekeliZisa da simon yauxCiSvilis naSromebisac, radgan 

am naSromebis monacemebi (bibliografiuli da Sinaarsobrivi) isedac 

mTlianad gaTvaliswinebulia Cven mier ganxilul gamokvlevebSi). aseve, 

ar gangvixilavs zogierTi naSromi im mizeziT, rom maTSi ar aris sxva 

gamokvlevebTan mimarTebaSi araferi damatebiTi (magaliTad, irine 

kakoiaSvilis maqsime aRmsareblis antimonofizitur-antimonoTelituri 

traqtatebis Zveli qarTuli Targmani 126 an iero-diakon dionise 

jandierovis Rirsis mamis maqsime aRmsareblis wignidan gamokrebili 

sityvebi, 127 romelic savaraudod rusulidan unda iyos Targmnili). aseve, 

126 irine kakoiaSvili, maqsime aRmsareblis antimonofizitur-antimonoTelituri 

traqtatebis Zveli qarTuli Targmani, mravalTavi. filologiuri da istoriuli Ziebani 

IX, Tbilisi 2001, 171-174. 

127 iero-diakoni dionise jandierovi, Rirsis mamis maqsime aRmsareblis wignidan 

gamokrebili sityvebi, gamocema ioseb leJavasi, # 38, tfilisi 1906. 

54

gverdi avuareT damana meliqiSvilis wmindad filologiur 

gamokvlevebs. 128 

Semdgom TavebSi SevecdebiT, upiratesad Tavad wm. maqsime 

aRmsareblis teqstebis analizis gziT gavecnoT am wmindanis azrs 

qristianis ganRmrTobisaken aRmasvlis Sesaxeb. windawin vityviT, rom es 

msvleloba ar SeiZleba ganixilebodes, rogorc erTi izolirebuli 

movlena. is Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs gansxvavebul TemaTa erTobliobas. 

es Temebi SeiZleba iyos: 1. anTropologia da fsiqologia; 2. 

qristologia da soteriologia; 3. uqmneli da qmnili buneba, anu 

msvlelobis saboloo mizani, rogorc qmnili bunebis SeerTeba RmerTdemiurgTan. 

am TemaTa erToblioba gaigeba cnebebis, potenciisa da energiis 

wyviliT, rodesac uqmneli buneba aris RmerTi-moqmedeba, xolo qmnili _ 

RmerTi-potencia. amrigad, qmnilebis aRmasvla aris moZraoba arsebobidan 

(είναι; αρχή) marad keTil arsebobamde (αεί ευ είναι; τέλος). xolo arsebobidan 

gza marad keTil arsebobisken gadis keTil arsebobaze (ευ είναι), 129 anu 

qmnilebis Tavisi bunebis (bunebis logosis) Sesabamisad arsebobaze. am 

keTil arsebobis arCeva xdis adamians Rirss, miiRos RmerTisagan, 

romelic aris swored arqe da telosi (alfa da omega),GganRmrTobis 

niWi. amrigad, ganRmrTobisaken msvleloba sruldeba anTropologiis, 

fsiqologiis, qristologiisa da soteriologiis erTianobaSi (am 

erTianobas, zogadad, SegviZlia vuwodoT anTropologia). 

radgan adamiani Sedgenilia noeturi 130 (suli) da grZnobadi (sxeuli) 

elementebisagan, igi warmoadgens mediators xilul da uxilav kosmosebs 

Soris. amrigad, maqsimes mixedviT, adamiani aris mikrokosmosi, anu qmnili 

kosmosis Tavismomyreli Tavis TavSi. amave dros, maqsimesTan suli aris 

samebis xati. mama (mizezi, arqe), Ze (sibrZne, sofia) da suliwmida 

(sicocxle, Zoi) aireklebian adamianis sulSi Sesabamisad _ gonebaSi, 

logossa (goni) da sulSi (mistagogiaSi suli aris eklesiis xati da 

eklesia ki _ samyarosi). 

128 ix. damana meliqiSvili, gelaTis samonastro-literaturuli skola (akademia), 

quTaisis universitetis moambe, 1993, # 1-2. 

129 αεί ευ είναι da ευ είναι gvxvdeba jer prokles Teologiis elementebSi (43, 91). Το αεί ευ είναι 

ukavSirdeba επιστροφή-s fazas iseve, rogorc maqsimesTan. 

130 Cven aq ar mivsdevT neoplatonur dayofas, romlis mixedviTac adamianis suli aris 

ara noeturi (goniTsawvdomi, Sesamecni), aramed noeruli (Semmecni). 

55

sulis umaRlesi nawilis, logikis (azrovnebis unaris) mTavari Zala 

aris neba (βούληση,). neba (θέληµα) ganirCeva bunebiTad da jerCinebiTad 

(γνωµική, gnomikurad). 131 maT mier gamovlindeba codviT dacemuli 

adamianis Tavisuflebis umaRlesi saxe, arCevanis Tavisufleba (vrclad 

amis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT 3.2.6.). es Tavisufleba uZRvis adamians an aRmazrdadi 

(ganviTarebadi) cvlilebisaken (Θεός είναι χάριτι, RmerTi iyos 

madliT) an daRma ganulovnebisaken (χους γενέσθαι, miwa iqmnas). ase vlindeba 

azrovnebisa da nebis ontologiuri da eqsistencialuri erTianoba. 

swored amgvari ontologiur-eqsistencialuri viTareba asaxavs samyaros 

rogorc dinamiur, ise _ eklesiur arsebas. 

bunebiTi logosis Sesabamisad, cxovrebisaTvis nebayoflobiTi 

garjiT miiRweva siqvele (saTnoeba). sawinaaRmdego viTarebisas adamians 

Seeyreba ucodinrobis (ugunurobis) seni (νόσος της άγνοιας). ucodinroba, 

rogorc sikeTis mizezis arcodna (άγνοια της αγαθής των όντων αιτίας), aris 

boroteba. amrigad, praqtikuli filosofia aris pirveli nabiji 

siqvelisa, rogorc RmerTis codnisa. Teoriisa da praqtikis erTianoba 

aris xatisamebr, qmnilebis msgavsebisamebrisken aRmasvla. 132 codviT 

dacemuli adamiani, vinc gabmulia siamovnebisa da tkivilis badeSi, 

uZluria, Tavad gaixsenos RmerTi (moipovos RmerTis xsovna, µνήµη του Θεού). 

RvTis sityvis gankacebiT xdeba dacemuli bunebis aRdgena da 

gamosworeba. 

gankacebul logosSi erTiandeba yovelive da amas ewodeba 

apokatastasi. mis (apokatastasis) saSualebas iZleva qmnilebebSi 

imTaviTve CaTesili gamaerTianebeli logosebi. logosebis gziT erT 

131 Γνώµη-is zusti Targmani ar arsebobs. ZiriTadad is niSnavs: azrs; Sexedulebas 

raimeze; gadaxras raimesaken; miCnevas (mimaCnia); individualur pozicias; fiqrisa da 

gadawyvetilebis Sedegad Camoyalibebul pozicias. Cven mas ZiriTadad vTargmniT 

jerCinebad, radgan migvaCnia, rom es termini yvelaze ukeTesad moicavs yvela 

CamoTvlil mniSvnelobas. anu, jerCinebaSi Cven vgulisxmobT ganzraxviseulad 

saTanadod, Sesaferisad miCneuls da amgvarad arCeuls (jer-miCns, anu me mimaCnia 

saTanadod da me virCev). Sdr. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli), Sromebi, 

gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo s. enuqiSvilma, Tbilisi 1961, 294: jer-Cena: 

jer-uCnda (saRvTo saxelTa Sesaxeb 3,2: “amissa Semdgomad jer-uCnda Semdgomad xilvisa 

raoden kma iyvnes TiToeuli yovelTa maT mRdelTmTavarTagani galobad...”), Sesaferisad 

miaCnia; da rac mTavaria, maqsimes pirosTan sityvisgebaSi gnomikuri neba Targmnilia 

swored jerCinebad (ix. sityÂsgebaÁ, romel iqmna Soris wmidisa maqsimesa da pirosis 

konstantinepolel patriaqisa mwvalebelisa l. xoferia, maqsime... danarTi teqsti, 28-31) 

132 is, rom RmerTis xatebisamebr aris RmerTis msgavsebisamebris potencia, erTi mxriv, 

da, meore mxriv, RmerTis msgavsebisamebr aris xatebisamebr RmrTisas 

energia/aqtualizireba ix. Σ. Ε. Καλανζάκης, ‘Εν αρχή εποίησεν ο Θεός’, Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 248-268 

56

saRvTo logosSi Tavmoyra aris siyvarulis erToba. amrigad, es erToba 

xorcieldeba amave cxovrebaSi, rogorc saidumloTmoqmed organizmSi. es 

eklesiuri saidumloTmoqmedi wiaRi aris RmerTTan momavali, 

esqatologiuri kavSiris winasaxe da dagemovneba. eklesiis wevrTa 

(asoTa) es kavSiri aRsruldeba saerTo rwmeniT. amrigad, saerTo 

rwmeniT/Si SexvedrilTa kenotikuri (TviTwarmocarielebiTi 133 ) 

urTierTsiyvaruli aris pirovnebaTa namdvili ziareba. es iseTi ziarebaa, 

romelic aerTianebs uqmnel da qmnil pirovnebebs erT evqaristiulad 

dinamiur realobaSi. es aris, rogorc vTqviT, imis mokle monaxazi, ris 

Sesaxebac qvemoT vrclad gveqneba saubari. magram sanam uSualod 

maqsimeze gadavidodeT, aucileblad migvaCnia, SevCerdeT dionise 

areopagelis evqaristiul ontologiaze, raTa ufro mkafiod warmoCndes 

maqsimes Teologiuri konteqsti. 

133 κενόω – vacarieleb; κενοτική anu warmocarielebiTi; aq igulisxmeba, rom pirovneba 

nebayoflobiT srulad miecema sxvas. 

57

2. dionise areopagelis RvTisSemecneba, rogorc evqaristiuli 

ontologia 

Sesavali 

areopagitikuli korpusis (Corpus Areopagiticum) avtori, romelic saeklesio 

mwerlobaSi cnobili iyo pavle mociqulis aTeneli mowafis, dionise 

areopagelis, saxeliT, moRvaweobda V-VI saukunis mijnaze. 134 misi 

Txzulebebia: zeciur ierarqiaTa Sesaxeb da saeklesio ierarqiaTa 

Sesaxeb, saRvTo saxelTa Sesaxeb, mistikuri Teologiiis Sesaxeb. agreTve 

arsebobs misi 10 werili sxvadasxva pirovnebis mimarT. Cven yvela am 

werilobiT Zeglze dayrdnobiT gvinda, mimovixiloT aRniSnuli avtoris 

swavleba RvTisSemecnebis Sesaxeb. amas ZiriTadad or qveTavs davuTmobT. 

pirvel qveTavSi ganvixilavT RvTisSemecnebis meTodebsa da mis 

damokidebulebas ganRmrTobis cnebasTan, romelic aris aRmosavluri 

saqristianos RvTismetyvelebisa da praqtikis centraluri sakiTxi. meore 

qveTavSi visubrebT RvTisSemecnebis mimarTebaze saeklesio 

RvTismsaxurebsTan, kerZod, evqaristiasTan. iqve ganvixilavT iseT 

paralelur Temebs, romlebic dagvexmarebian RvTisSemecnebisa da 

evqaristiis urTierTkavSiris ufro Rrmad gaanalizebisaTvis. esenia 

wminda werilis, simbolos, praqtikuli moRvaweobis, adamianuri siqvelis 

(saTnoebis) da sxva momijnave Temebi. 

2.1. RvTisSemecnebis meTodebi 

am TavSi ZiriTadad ganvixilavT RvTisSemecnebis sam meTods _ 

transcendentalurs 135 , katafatikursa da apofatikurs _ da aseve maTs 

urTierTmimarTebas. es iqneba mosamzadebeli safexuri Cvens mTavar 

134 

“areopagitikis” avtorTan dakavSirebuli problematikis Sesaxeb ix. “areopagitikis” 

problemebi, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi, Tbilisi 1981 39-48; g. 

TevzaZe, areopagitika, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoria, Tbilisi 1996, 37-39; G. 

Frolofsky, The Byzantine Fathers of the 6 th to the 8 th Century, Belmont, 1987, 253-280 (Г. Фроловский, Corpus 

Areopagiticum, Византийские отцы V-VIII веков, Париж 1933, 95-117, 257); И. Мейендорф, Псевдо- 

Дионисий, Иисус Христос в восточном провословном богословие, Москва 2000, 102, 279-280; Вл. Лосский, 

Очерк мистического богослсвия восточной церкви, мистическое богослсвие, Киев 1991, 107-108. 

135 transcendentalurSi Cven vgulisxmobT zegrZnobiTs da gamocdilebamdels, romelic 

Seimecneba intuiciurad da ara mxolod. amdenad, igi mainc aris dakavSirebuli 

gancdasTan. anu, CvenTvis igi ar gamoricxavs gancdas, romelic zegrZnobiTsa da 

miuwvdomels mainc xdis raRacnairad “xelSesaxebs”. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, saRvTo 

transcendenturi, romelic aris mxolod rwmenis sagani, xdeba saRvTo energiebSi 

transcendentaluri, anu intuiciurad gancdadi (is, rac aris mxolod rwmenis sagani, 

RmerTis moqmedebiT morwmuneebis mier xdeba gagebuli, Tumca misi absoluturi 

miuwvdomloba mainc SenarCunebulia). 

58

mizanze gadasasvlelad, kerZod, ganvixiloT RvTisSemecnebis 

evqaristiuli ganzomileba. 

2.1.1. transcendentaluri meTodi 

dionises mixedviT, RvTisSemecneba miiRweva saRvTo simboloebis 

ganmarteba/TargmanebiT (sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, xdeba maTi 

“demiTologizacia”). 136 simboloebi mocemulia upiratesad wminda 

werilSi 137 da aris saRvTo gamocxadeba misadagebuli xorcSi myofi 

adamianebisaTvis. werili simboloTa saunjea, romelsac mimarTavs 

dionise ara mxolod rogorc STagonebis wyaros, aramed RvTisSemecnebis 

upirveles saSualebas, radgan upiratesad masSi mocemuli simboloebis 

gamoTargmanebiT SeiZleba RvTisSemecnebis gzaze siaruli. 138 

dionises mixedviT, RmerTs aqvs ormagi saxe _ dafaruli da 

gamocxadebiTi, gamouTqmeli da gamoTqmadi. swored amitom masTan 

Teologiuri miaxlebac da Semecnebac aris orgvari: 

“ormagia Teologebis [weriliseuli 139 ] gadmocema (παράδοσιν), erTi _ 

gamouTqmeli da saidumlo, meore ki - cxadi da metad Secnobadi: erTi _ 

simboluri da RvTismsaxurebiTi (τελεστικήν), meore ki - filosofiuri da 

mtkicebiTi. xolo gamouTqmeli gadaewneba gamoTqmads: erTi amtkicebs 

(arwmunebs) da daabams Tqmulis sinamdviles [da gznebiT miajaWvavs 

naTqvamis WeSmaritebas], meore ki moqmedebs da daamkvidrebs (Seamkvidrebs) 

RmerTSi swavlebisaTvis miuwvdomeli mistagogiebiT (µυσταγωγίαις, 

saidumloTmZRvaneblobebiT).” 140 

136 ix. Χρ. Κρικώνης, Η Θεολογία ως µέθοδος θεογνωσίας κατά τα Αρεοπαγιτικά Συγγράµατα, Πατερικα 

µελετήµατα Τ. Α΄, Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 417-444. 

137 SemdgomSi termin wminda werilis nacvlad vixmarT mxolod werils. 

138 Περί Εκκλησιαστικής Ιεραρχίας (saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb) I. 5. (Περί Εκκλησιαστικής Ιεραρχίας 

PG3,369 – 569) 

139 wm. dionise Teologebs ZiriTadad uwodebs wminda werilis avtorebs. ix. saeklesio 

ierarq...3. agreTve Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας, Θεσσαλονίκη 1984, 71. 

140 epistole 9,1 (epistoleebi 1-10, PG 3, 1065-1120). efrem mcire ase Targmnis am pasaJs: 

“orsaxe ars RmrTis-metyuelTa sityÂs momcemlobaÁ: romelime gamouTqmeli da 

saidumloÁ, xolo romelime saxis-SemoRebiTi da srul yofiTi; da romelime usaCinoesi 

da umecnieresi, xolo romelime sibrZnis moyuarebiTi (moyvareobiT) da gamoCinebiTi; da 

Tana-SeTxzul (TanSeTxzul) arian TqmulTa Tana uTqmelni da romelime Tana-Sekrul 

ars rwmunebasa da TqmulTa WeSmaritebasa, xolo romelime iqms da daamyarebs RmrTisad 

uswavleliTa mesaidumloebiTa” (petre iberi, Sromebi... 251-252). aq gvinda, mokled 

ganvixiloT es Targmani da SevadaroT Cvensas. efremi sityva διττήν-s Targmnis rogorc 

orsaxes. Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisaTvis es sityva ki niSnavs orgvars. rusul TargmanSic 

swored asea _ двоякого рода, xolo inglisurSia two-fold. radgan sityva διττήν ar 

gulisxmobs (marTalia, arc gamoricxavs) gansxvavebuli saxeebisa da gvarebis qonas, Cven 

swored inglisuri varianti migvaCnia ufro marTebulad da vTargmniT, rogorc ormags 

_ ormagi SeiZleba iyos saxec, gvaric, tipic, meTodic, stilic, da a. S. da Cvenc am 

TavSi RvTisSemecnebis gansxvavebis warmosaCenad swored termini meTodi avirCieT; 

efremma παράδοσιν (teaching, учение) Targmna, rogorc sityÂs momcemlobaÁ. mas areopagituli 

korpusis TargmanSi τα λόγια gadmoaqvs, rogorc sityva (mag., ix. p. iberi, Sromebi... 

“RmrTiv mocemul sityvaTa [...] samsaxurebelad sityuebad maT vityÂT”(158), “saRmrToni 

sityuani guaswaveben” (160), “Txemisa sityuaTaÁsa” (223). Cven mas ediSer WeliZis 

59

dionise am sityvebiT ar gulisxmobs RvTisSemecnebis or _ 

katafatikur/warTqmiTsa da apofatikur/ukuTqmiT _ meTods. igi 

miuTiTebs adamianiseuli 141 RvTismetyvelebis gansxvavebas mistikur, 

SeiZleba iTqvas, intuiciur gamocdilebasTan 142 , magram ara mxolod 

kvaldakval ZiriTadad vTargmniT Semdegnairad _ nasityvobebi – es aris is, rac iTqva, 

is na-Tqvami sityvebia da ara erTi romelime sityva, romelic SeiZleba jer kidev 

arTqmuli iyos. amasTan erTad, gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom dedanSi ar aris saerTod τα λόγια 

_ igi konteqstSi igulisxmeba da am nagulisxmevis Sematebaa efremTan sityÂs, iseve, 

rogorc CvenTan frCxilebSi Casmuli (da, amdenad, gasagebi, rom damatebaa) 

weriliseuli; sityva τελεστικήν efremTan naTargmnia, rogorc srulyofiTi. marTalia, 

τελεστικήν niSnavs ganmasrulebels, srulmyofels, magram igi aseve niSnavs imas, rac 

Seexeba misteriebs, kults. inglisur TangmanSia initiative (laTinurad initiation misteria, 

saeklesio saidumlos Sesruleba), xolo rusulSi [то что] состоит в обрядах. Cven 

gamomdinare am Tavis miznebidan, romelebic qvemoT cxadi gaxdeba, vamjobineT 

RvTismsaxurebiTi; αποδεικτικήν (demonstrative, является... доказуемо) gadmotanilia, rogorc 

gamoCinebiTi. es savsebiT marTebulia, magram konteqstidan gamomdinare, vamjobineT 

mtkicebiTi _ anu Tavisi sicxadiT damadasturebeli; πείθει και καταδείται των λεγοµένων την 

αλήθειαν (The one persuades, and desiderates the truth of the things expressed, убеждает и связует истину 

словом) Targmnilia, rogorc Tana-Sekrul ars rwmunebasa da TqmulTa WeSmaritebasa. 

Zneli saTargmneli winadadebaa, radgan azri bolomde ar aris gamWvirvale (vfiqrobT, 

amas adasturebs samive moyvanili Targmani). SegviZlia, vigulisxmoT, rom erTi 

meTodis mixedviT aris ra Semmecnebeli saRvTo sibrZnis motrfiale (Sdr. 

filosofiuri, sibrZnismoyuarebiTi) mas ecxadeba wminda werilSi naTqvamTa azri da 

daarwmunebs mas maTSi da meti trfialebiT miajaWvavs maTSi gacxadebul WeSmaritebas _ 

amtkicebs (arwmunebs) da daabams Tqmulis sinamdviles [da gznebiT miajaWvavs naTqvamis 

WeSmaritebas]. vfiqrobT, Cveni Targmani sakmaod gansxvavdeba efremisagan; Semdegi fraza 

δρά και ενδρύει τω Θεώ ταις αδιδάκτοις µυσταγωγίαις (the other acts and implants in Almighty (?) God, by 

instructions (?) in mysteries not learnt by teaching, показывает (?) ее божественность (?) без слов, самими 

делами и священными обрядами) Targmnilia, rogorc iqms da daamyarebs RmrTisad 

uswavleliTa mesaidumloebiTa. am SemTxvevaSic vxedavT, rom samive Targmani Zlier 

sxvaobs. mistagogia aris “uswavleli”, anu SeuZlebelia, rom aswavlos vinmem, Tu Tavad 

“moswavlem” ar miiRo monawileoba ritualur moqmedebaSi, ese igi mistagogiaSi. xolo 

rac Seexeba Semdegs _ daamyarebs RmrTisad, CvenTvis ufro misaRebia inglisuri implants 

in God (Tu ratom, es qvemoT cxadi gaxdeba). vfiqrobT, ukve gasagebia, rom am TavSi 

dasaxuli gvaqvs dionises Teologiis iseTi niuansebis analizi, romelic yovelTvis ar 

aris xazgasmuli efrem mciris TargmanSi. aqedan gamomdinare, mxolod ramdenime 

SemTxvevaSi mivmarTavT mis Targmans, maSin, roca igi dagvexmareba Cveni msjelobis 

azris ukeT gamosaxatavad (inglisuri Targmani ix. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/dionysius/works.i.html, 

xolo rusuli, http://www.krotov.info/history/05/3/areopagi.html). 

141 adamianiseulSi vgulisxmobT adamianis Sinagan Tu garSemo realobaze mxolod 

adamianur logikur azrovnebas, msjelobas. aseTad saeklesio mwerlebTan iTvleba, 

magaliTad, “gareSe” filosofia. am midgomiT RvTisSemecneba miiRweva mxolod 

“zegardamo” gamocxadebiT da ara “gareSe” filosofiiT. dionise Tavis meSvide, 

polikarpesadmi epistoleSi wers, rom arsebulTa codna (γνώσις των όντων), romelic 

arsebobs araqristianul garemoSi, aris pativsacemi. magram, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad 

pavle mociquli mas uwodebs RmerTis sibrZnes (σοφία Θεού), igi mainc aris nakluli. 

WeSmariti filosofosebi arsebulTa am codniT unda misuliyvnen yoveli arsebulisa 

da maTi codnis mizezTan, rac maT (gareSe filosofosebma) ver/ar SeZles. (ix. epistole 

8). 

142 Sdr. g. TevzaZe, XX saukunis filosofiis istoria, Tbilisi 2002, 51: “ituitivizmi 

(laTinuri sityvidan intueor –dabejiTebiT vucqer, vaCerdebi) (igive, rac berZnuli 

θεωρία, anu cqera –k.k) aris filosofiuri moZRvreba, romelic adamianuri Semecnebis 

umaRles da da ZiriTad unarad miiCnevs uSualo codnas. [...] Ziebis garkveul etapze 

intuiciis CarTviT danaxuli axali viTareba... ganicdeba rogorc Tvisobrivi naxtomi. 

[...] igi waagavs eqstazs anda RvTis wyalobis (madlis, energiis –k.k) gancdas”. aseve S. 

60

masTan. 143 gansxvaveba aris gamouTqmelsa da gamoTqmads Soris. 

gamouTqmeli mistagogiebis wiaR (mier/Tan/Si) morwmunes daamkvidrebs 

RmerTSi. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, morwmune Seicnobs RmerTs upiratesad 

saeklesio saidumloTa RvTismsaxurebasTan dakavSirebuli Tu misgan 

gamomdinare sxva mistikuri gamocdilebebis gziT. es aris mesame, 

transcendentaluri/aRmatebuli meTodi, romlis mixedviTac, imas ki ar 

ambobs adamiani, Tu ras da rogor aRemateba RmerTi, aramed imas, Tu 

Tavad rogor aRemateba sakuTar Tavs imisaTvis, rom miaRwios 

miuwvdomel RmerTs da Tqvas masze: “yoveli mtkicebis... da yoveli 

uaryofis maRlaa [igi]”. 144 

2.1.2 RvTisSemecnebis katafatikuri da apofatikuri meTodebi 

rogorc vTqviT, RmerTis Sesaxeb da masTan pirovnuli urTierTobis 

intuiciuri Tu mistikuri gamocdileba adamians eZleva upiratesad 

RvTismsaxurebisas (swavlebisaTvis miuwvdomeli mistagogiebiT). am 

gamocdilebaze dafuZnebiT RvTisSemecnebisaken aRmaval 145 gzaze dionise 

iyenebs or gansxvavebul meTods: apofatikurs da katafatikurs. 

katafatikuria is, rasac adamianisaken qvedadablebuli RmerTi Tavad 

gabelaia, intuiciis cnebis sakiTxisaTvis. intuiciis problema filosofiaSi, 

filosofiis wyaroebi, Tbilisi 1989, 64-89. 

143 Sdr. К.А.Махлак, Попытка православной интерпретации философий М. Хайдеггера у Х. Яннараса, 

Начало (16.2007), Журнал Института Богословия й и Философии, 76 

(http://www.ibif.org.ru/nachalo16.htmАРАСА): “rodesac vlaparakobT RmerTTan gamocdilebiT 

urTierTobaze vgulisxmobT adamianis subieqtisadmi damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas Seicnos 

sinamdvile mravali faqtoris urTierTobis meSveobiT, romlebic gansazRvraven 

Semecnebis faqts. magaliTad: SegrZneba, azrovneba, gansja-msjeloba, warmosaxva, 

abstragireba, reduqcia, emociebi, emociuri da ineleqtualuri intuiciebi da sxva”. 

144 Περί Μυστικής Θεολογίας (mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb) 5. (Περί Μυστικής Θεολογίας PG 3, 997 - 

1048). p. iberi, Sromebi.. 229: “zeSTa yovelTa matebaTa ars yovliT kerZoÁ da erTobiTi 

mizezi yovelTaÁ da zeSTa yovelTa moklebaTa martivad zeSTagardafenili yovelTaÁ 

da mier kerZoÁ yovelTaÁ (υπέρ πάσαν θέσιν εστίν η παντελής και ενιαία των πάντων αιτία και υπέρ πάσαν 

αφαίρεσιν η υπεροχή του πάντων απλώς απολελυµένου και επέκεινα των ολών, yovelTa yovladsruli da 

erTiani mizezi aris yoveli mtkicebis maRla da yoveli uaryofis maRla da yovelTa 

miRma [aris] yoveliveze aRmatebuli misi sruli gamoxsniloba (absoluturi 

Tavisufleba))”. ix. Χρ. Κρικώνης, Η Θεολογία ως µέθοδος θεογνωσίας κατά τα Αρεοπαγιτικά Συγγράµατα... 

432; Sdr. Ν.Κ. Κλαδοπούλος, Η γνώσις του Θεού κατά ∆ιονύσιο τον Αρεοπαγίτην, Θεσσαλονίκη 1981, 100... 

145 A. Louth, The Origins of the Christian Mystical Tradition (from Plato to Denys),Clarendon Press: Oxford 1981, 

171: “[saeklesio ierarqiis Tavis] mTlianobaSi aris TanamimdevrobiTad mowesrigebuli 

(ordered) aqtiurobis sistema da am aqtiurobas dionise xSirad uwodebs aRmasvlas. magram 

Cven unda viyoT frTxilad: aRmasvla Zalian iSviaTad niSnavs ierarqiebis sistemaSi 

zemoT moZraobas. [...] arc adamianebi xdebian angelozebi maTi RmerTTan kavSirisaken 

aRmasvlisas. rasac aRmasvla niSnavs – nawilobriv mainc _ aris ufro metad sruli 

kavSiri RvTiur energiasTan (an nebasTan), romelic mavans [konkretul aRma-mavals] 

daadgens ierarqiis konkretul safexurze. amrigad, aRmamsvleli ‘aRvals’ ufro misi 

ierarqiuli safexuris SigniT, vidre [saeklesio] ‘ierarqiis’ safexurebze”. 

61

ambobs Tavis Tavze saRvTo adamianebis piriT upiratesad werilSi 146 . 

xolo apofatikuria is, rasac adamiani pasuxobs am naTqvamze. anu, 

adamianma Tavis transcendentaluri gamocdilebiT icis, rom is, rasac 

RmerTi ambobs, warTqvams (anu adamianis Sesaxvedrad winmavlad ambobs) 

Tavis Tavze da dafiqsirebulia sityvebSi, srulad mainc ar gamoxatavs 

RmerTs. amdenad, adamiani am sityvebze pasuxisas (gamopasuxebisas RmerTis 

CamoZaxilze) uaryofs RmerTis naTqvams. uaryofs ara rogorc mcdars, 

aramed rogorc arasrulad asaxuls (Sezrqelebuls) qmnilebiseul 

formaSi (adamianur sityvaSi upiratesad, magram bunebaSic an bunebis 

nebismier saganSic), radgan RmerTisaa xma da adamianisa ki _ sityvebi, 

romelSic gaformda es xma. 147 amrigad, adamianis Sesaxvedrad zegardamo 

Camomavali RmerTis “warTqmuls” adamiani ukuTqvams, anu pasuxobs. xolo 

es ukuTqma, anu apofasi aris RvTisSemecnebis apofatikuri gza. amgvarad, 

apofatika da katafatika mistagogiebSi miRebuli gamocdilebis 

damuSaveba da aTvisebaa. am gziT RvTisSemecneba xdeba ara mxolod 

intuiciuri, aramed gaazrebuli, “gagonierebuli” da, amgvarad, 

holistikuri. RmerTis codna xdeba sxeulisa da sulis yvela ZaliT 

SeTvisebuli. 148 am gziT aResruleba adamianis ganRmrToba. 149 

146 

igi gvxvdeba aseve saeklesio himnografiaSi, romlebic aseve wminda mamebis, 

“Teologebis” mier aris Tqmuli da gaziarebuli/recepcirebuli eklesiis erTobis mier. 

Sdr. Περί Θείων Ονοµάτων (saRvTo saxelTa Sesaxeb) 1,4 (Περί Θείων Ονοµάτων PG 3, 585-984) 

147 saRvTo STagonebulobis (θεοπνευστία, inspiration, божественное вдохновение, RvTivCagoneba) 

Sesaxeb ix. G. T. M. Byamingu, Inspiration, The Role and Place of the Bible in the Process of Ecumenical 

Formation, Bossye, Switzerland 2005, 5-8: “xma aris RmerTis, magram sityvebi winaswarmetyveli 

amosi [...] uwyeba RmerTisaa, magram sityvebi ieremiasi. [...] is faqti, rom iesos sityvebi 

oTxive saxarebaSi mocemulia erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli tradiciis safuZvelze, 

mowmobs, rom iesos mimdevrebma misi sityvebi gaiges, rogorc droiTa da adgiliT (timeconditioned, 

locale-contitioned) ganpirobebuli. mimdevrebi Tvlidnen, rom iesos sityvebi 

gansxvavebul drosa da adgilebSi gadacemisas moiTxovdnen adaptirebas. [...zemoT 

moyvanil msjelobas] mivyavarT gardauval daskvnamde, rom mxolod adamianebi amboben 

sityvebs da rom RmerTis sityvis (Word of God, igulisxmeba RmerTis Ze) gamocxadeba 

namdvilad niSnavs gamocxadebas, romelic adamianebma gamoTqves sityvebiT”. 

148 

Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας... 75-76: “damaxasiaTebelia [dionisesaTvis] daJineba, 

ilaparakos gansakuTrebiT [adamianis] grZnobebze (αισθησεις, чувства, sensible perceptions, 

grZnobis organoebi, sagrZnobelni) da maT uwodos [RvTis] sibrZnis eqo, gamoZaxili 

(saRvTo saxelTa... 7,2). [...] dionises TiTqmis naxevarze met TxzulebebSi grZnobebis 

aRdgena (apokatastasi) ganixileba, rogorc adamianis gamarTlebis sawyisi da 

safuZveli. [...] yvela es cneba [grZnobis organoebi, gansjis unari, azrovneba da goneba] 

RvTisSemecnebis sferoSi aris moTavsebuli. [...] isini gamoiyenebian wminda codnisaTvis. 

[...] RvTisSemecnebaSi yvela am SemecnebiTi unaris adgilis arsebobas win uswrebs 

adamianis gamTlianeba. iseve, rogorc xsnis aRTqmisas da eklesiis wiaRSi am Senapiris 

amoqmedebisas ar gamoitoveba adamianis Semadgeneli arc erTi nawili, zustad aseve, 

absoluturad arc erTi SemecnebiTi energiaTagani ar SeiZleba uaryofil iqnas 

(epistole 8)”. 

62

amrigad, werilze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom RmerTi aris 

erTi, keTili, samarTliani da a.S. magram igive sityvebi gamoiyeneba qmnil 

samyaroseul sagnebzec da ar SeiZleba maT adamianuri gagebac ar 

hqondeT. am gagebiT ki, Tu, magaliTad, erTi niSnavs imas, rom RmerTi 

aris erTi samyaroseuli kriteriumiT, maSin igi (RmerTi) sulac ar aris 

erTi, radgan samyaroSi erTs mosdevs meore da mesame msgavsi da gamodis, 

rom arseboben meore da mesame RmerTebic. 

dionisesaTvis cxadia, rom werilma, wminda nasityvobebma (τα ιερά 

Λόγια), rogorc mas uwodebs dionise, RmerTTan dakavSirebiT gamoiyena 

simboloebi 150 da xatebi, radgan RvTis damabrmavebeli sxivebi, RmerTis 

naTeli, SeuZlebelia saburvelis gareSe moRweuliyo adamianTan. wminda 

mwerlebs hqondaT umaRlesi RvTisSemecnebiTi unari da SeeZloT, 

ukeTesad gaegoT saRvTo realoba, da izrunes, raTa igi miesadagebinaT 

Cveneburi gagebis unarisaTvis. 151 am xatebSi asaxulia RvTivsaxovani 

mSveniereba, magram saWiroa maTi “gaSiSvleba”, raTa gamoCndes maTSi 

mxolod goniTsawvdomi elementi. 152 

149 Sdr. Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας... 146... aseve Π. Χρήστου, ∆ιονύσιος ο Ατεοπαγίτης, Φιλοκαλία 3, 

Θεσσαλονίκη 1986, 93...; da Π. Τρεµπέλας, Μυστικισµός- Αποφατισµός, καταφατική Θεολογία. Μάξιµος 

Οµολογητής, Γρηγόριος ο Παλαµάς, Αθήναι 1975. 

150 Λ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας... 94: “areopagelTan simboloebs gansxvavebul TemebTan 

mimarTebaSi vpoulobT. es Temebi ukavSirdeba: grZnobadsa da gonebiTs (noetur Tu 

noerul), ierarqiis bunebas, saRvTos erTiani niWis (qmnilebisadmi da qmnilebas, 

rogorc saCuqris) iZulebiT gamravlebas, srulyofilebis [miRwevis] dinamikas da 

fardobiT damtevnelobas, romelic mas (srulyofilebas) marad Tan sdevs da 

gansazRvravs [anu srulyofileba yovelTvis adamianis misi (srulyofilebis) miRebis, 

datevis unarTanaa dakavSirebuli]”. aseve, В. В. Петров, Богословие Евхаристии в “Corpus 

Areopagiticum” и у прп. Миксима Исповедника, «Православное Учение о Церковных Таинствах», V 

Международная богословская конференция Русской Православной Церкви, Москва, 13–16 ноября 2007, 1: 

“Символ — это любой чувственно воспринимаемый объект, который указывает на более высокую 

реальность. пс.-Дионисий представляет литургические обряды как последовательность «символов», 

требующих духовного истолкования. [...У] пс.-Дионисия мы видим то уравновешивающее друг друга 

проникновение чувственного и умопостигаемого, которое восходит к особой традиции внутри позднего 

платонизма с его теургическим представлением о взаимной симпатии частей мира. [...] Единственное 

различие, которое пс.-Дионисий проводит между σύµβολον и εικών, состоит в том, что последнее не 

прилагается к евхаристическим дарам ”. 

151 p. iberi, Sromebi... 101: “...mamaT-mocemulisa gamobrwyinvebisaTa aRvixilneT, raoden 

Cuengan misawdomel ars da maT mierni igi igaviTni da saxis-SemoRebiTni gamoCinebulni 

zecisa gonebaTa mRdelmTavrobisa wesni, raoden gueZlos, ganvicadneT” (Περί Ουρανίου 

Ιεραρχίας (zeciuri ierarqiis Sesaxeb PG 3, 119 -340) 1,2); aseve zeciuri ierarq... 2,3 (p. iberi, 

Sromebi... 106-107). 

152 p. iberi, Sromebi... 110, 110-112: “RmrTiv Suenieri igi sikeTe viTarca martivi... yovlad 

Seurevnel ars yovlisa umsgavsoebisa... uÃms ukue ganwmedadTa yovlad yovliTurT 

Seurevnel yofaÁ da yovlisa umsgavsoÁsa TanaaRrevisagan Tavisufal yofaÁ” (zeciuri 

ierarq... 3, 1-3). Sdr. ∆.Ν. Κούτρας, Η έννοια της εικόνος εις τον ψευδοδιονύσιον Αρεοπαγίτην, Βυζαντινών 

Σπουδών 35 (1966-1967), 243-258. 

63

arsebobs simboloebi da xatebi, romlebic aris msgavsi 

samyaroseulebTan, magaliTad: goneba, sityva, arsi, sicocxle, sinaTle, 

suli. zogierTi simbolo araa msgavsi (ανόµοια, aramsgavsia) 

samyaroseulebisa: uxilavi, usasrulo (άπειρον, usazRvro), dautevneli. 

arsebobsσkatafatikuri da apofatikuri simboloebi. SeiZleboda, gveTqva, 

rom Tavad werili gvaswavlis apofatikur meTods. Tumca gaCereba Tavad 

am apofatikur simboloebzec ar SeiZleba, radgan RmerTi ara mxolod 

uxilavia, aramed ZeSi ixileba da a.S. da kvlav, Tavad apofatikuri 

simbolo xdeba katafatikuri imdenad, ramdenadac Seicavs rame dadebiTs, 

magaliTad, rodesac vambobT, rom RmerTi dautevnelia, Cven ukve xelT 

gvipyria misi Tviseba dautevneloba. magram Tu RmerTi ganuyofelia, anu 

igi ar aris Sedgenili, gamodis, rom Tu ipyrob mis romelime nawils, 

maSin mas, dautevnels, daitev xelSi mTlians (radgan, rogorc vTqviT, is 

yovel Tavis “nawilSi” da “nawiliT” mTlianadaa mocemuli). es ki 

miuRebelia. gamodis, rom Tavad apofatikuri simbolo raRacnairad xdeba 

katafatikuri da, amdenad, Tavis mxriv moiTxovs uaryofas (uaryofas im 

gagebiT, razec zemoT ukve vilaparakeT). es katafatika-apofatikis 

monacvleoba grZeldeba manam, sanam ar miiRweva saRvTo wyvdiadi, sadac 

mkvidrobs RmerTi 153 da sadac igi “yoveli mtkicebis [katafatikis]... da 

yoveli uaryofis [apofatikis] maRlaa”. 154 

mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb traqtatis dasawyisSi dionise 

mimarTavs samebas: 

“[zearso samebav], agviZeRi saidumlo nasityvobaTa zeucnob da gamouTqmel 

da uwvervales wverosaken, sadac Teologiis martivi da sruli da 

ucvalebeli saidumloebebi garSemoifarebian siCumis saidumloTgamndobi 

sibnelis zenaTliT, romelic zeaRavsebs uTvalebo gonebebs umSvenieres 

naTebaTa sixarulebis (αγλαϊών 155 , naTelmxiaruli) uwyvdiadesiT”. 156 

amrigad, dionises azriT, is vinc eZiebs RmerTis wyvdiadSi Sesvlas, man 

saRvTo trfialebis gamo unda miatovos nivTieri samyaro, 157 radgan 

153 

saRvTo wyvdiadis Sesaxeb marTlmadideblur tradiciaSi ix. Вл. Лосский, Очерк 

мистического богослсвия восточной церкви, мистическое богослсвие, Киев 1991, 107-122. 

154 mistikuri T... 5 PG 3, 1046-48. ix. Π. Χρήστος, Η Θεολογία ως µέθοδος εγγίσεως προς τον Θεόν, 

Θεσσαλονίκη 1997, 240... 

155 sityva αγλαϊών niSnavs naTebasac da sixarulsac. efrem mcire mas Targmnis, rogorc 

brwyinven (p. iberi, Sromebi... 224). 

156 mistikuri T... 1,1. 

157 Sdr. “...erTi uCndes samijnuro, erTsa visme aSikobdes, 

yovlsa misTvis xelovnebdes, mas aqebdes, mas amkobdes, 

misgan kide nura unda, misTvis ena musikobdes. [...] 

64

RmerTi aris ukidures mwvervalze, mdumare sibneleSi, 158 romeli 

sibnelec, amave dros, aris zenaTeli. Teologiis absoluturi 

saidumloebebi aris miuwvdomeli da xelTupyrobeli. RmerTi aris ze 

arsisa da codnisa da amitom adamianma unda dautevos grZnobebi da 

azrovneba. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom eqstazi, qveynierebiseuli Zalebisa da 

moqmedebisagan gaTavisuleba aris is, rac adamians miuZRveba RmerTis 

wyvdiadis sxivisaken. 159 

miuxedavad amisa, qristianuli Teologia, rogorc RmerTis martivi 

codna da Semecneba, ar aTavsebs RmerTs mxolod aRmasvlis ukanasknel 

safexurze, aramed miiCnevs mas ukve qvedadablebuls adamianebisaken da 

samyaroSi mun myofs. 160 saRvTo saxelebis Sesaxeb traqtatis me-3,1 TavSi 

dionise RmerTis “garegamosvlebze” (πρόοδος, winsvla) msjelobisas 

ambobs, rom igi, RmerTi, yovelTvis imyofeba yoveliveSi, magram ara 

yovelive yovelTvis masSi. 161 adamians hgonia, rom locvisas Camohyavs 

RmerTi dabla, magram sinamdvileSi RmerTi yovelganmyofia da yovelTvis 

kargi mijnuri igia, vin iqms soflisa Tmobasa...” 

158 Sdr. maqsime aRmsarebeli, mistagogia 4 PG 91, 671A-673C: “[evqaristiisas adamiani] gonis 

samsxverplos mier mravalmetyvelebaze da mravalJReradobaze aRmatebuli siCumiT 

mouwodebs wmindaTa wmindaSi (αδύτοις, SeuvalTaSi) didadxmovanebisaTvis uxilavi da 

Seucnobeli RvTaebis mravalsagalobel siCumes”. 

159 Sdr. mistikuri T... 1,1. cnebebis nisli uxilavi xedvisa, saRvTo wyvdiadi, mbrwyinavi 

wyvdiadis patristikaSi da rusTavelis mziani Ramis Sesaxeb ix. e. WeliZe, wminda 

grigol noseli da misi Txzuleba, saqarTvelos saeklesio kalendari, Tbilisi 1989, 

250-255, 256-258. aq e. WeliZe erT-erT SeniSvnaSi (gv. 251) amtkicebs, rom “dionise 

areopagelis moZRvreba RvTis arsebis Seucnoblobisa da misi pozitiuri atributebis 

daxasiaTebis SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb xSirad mcdarad aris dakavSirebuli 

neoplatonizmTan”. Cven Segnebulad gverds vuvliT areopagelis neoplatonizmTan 

mimarTebisa da, miTumetes, damokidebulebis xarisxis ganxilvas, aRvniSnavT mxolod, 

rom neoplatonizmis gavlena areopagitikul korpusze ueWvelad migvaCnia. am gavlenas 

ar uaryofs arc erTi im avtorTagani, romelsac Cven vimowmebT an mivuTiTebT am 

naSromSi da mravali sxvac. 

160 Sdr. k. ueri, marTlmadideblobis gza, Tbilisi 2008, 11-12. 

161 Sdr. g. TevzaZe, areopagitika, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoria, Tbilisi 1996, 46: 

“[...] neoplatonuri ideis miRebisaTvis sayrdens ‘areopagitikis avtori pavles 

epistoleebSi naxulobs. [...] pavle mociquli amtkicebda, rom aris ‘misgan mis mier da 

mis mimarT yoveli’ (rom. 11,36). [...] pavles teqsti am naSromSi (saRvTo saxelTa... 4 10)... 

Secvlilia Semdegnairad: ‘misgan da mis ZliT da mis Soris da missa mimarT ars yoveli’ 

(p. iberi. naSromebi... 38.). Camatebulia sityvebi: ‘da mis Soris’. SeiZleba, es avtorma 

gaakeTa pavle mociqulis sxva debulebebis safuZvelze. mag., ‘raTa RmerTi yvelaferi 

iyos yovelSi’ (1kor 15, 28). ase Tu ise, qristianul TeologiaSi Semoitanes debuleba, 

romelsac Sua saukuneebSi, e. w. panTeisturi mimdinareobebi emyarebodnen”. Cven Tavad 

guram TevzZem migviTiTa, rom pavle mociqulis debulebebis kompilacia dionises am 

pasaJSi masze ufro adre SeniSna genadi eikaloviCma, romelmac rusulad Targmna 

saRvTo saxelTa Sesaxeb (О Божественных именах, Пер. игумена Геннадия Эйкалович, Буэнос- 

Айрес, 1957), magram Cven am wignze xeli ar migviwvdeba. 

65

aris rogorc maRla, ise dabla. 162 rodesac dionise laparakobs adamianis 

eqstazze, aRniSnavs, rom RmerTi Tavisi qmnilebebis saxiT marad imyofeba 

eqstazur mdgomareobaSi da es misi eqstazi win uswrebs da ganapirobebs 

adamianis eqstazirebas misken. 163 am qmnilebebiseul simboloebSi da 

xatebSi myofobs RmerTi, rogorc “yovelive yoveliveSi”. RmerTis es 

eqstazuri mdgomareoba aZlevs adamians saSualebas, trfialebiTad 164 

162 Περί Θείων Ονοµάτων (saRvTo saxelTa Sesaxeb) 3,1. (Περί Θείων Ονοµάτων PG 3, 585 -984). p. 

iberi, Sromebi... 25-26. 

163 p. iberi, Sromebi... 41: “xolo ars ganmacÂbrebelca trfialebaÁ saRmrToÁ (εκστατικός ο 

θείος έρως)... TÂT mizezica igi yovelTa keTilTa da saxierebaTaÁ... garegan Tavisa TÂsisa 

iqmnebis (έξω εαυτού γίνεται) wina-ganmgebelobisa mimarT yovelTa arsTaÁsa da viTarca 

saxierebiT raÁme da siyuaruliT da trfialebiT mwyalobel ars. da zeSTa 

yovelTaobisagan da yovelTa aRmatebulebisagan yovelTa momarT STamoiwevis 

gancÂbrebiTiTa ZaliTa zeSTa arsebisaÁTa gamouvalad Tavisa TÂsisagan (κατ’ εκστατικήν 

υπερουσίον δύναµιν ανεκφοίτητον εαυτού)” (saRvTo saxelTa... 4, 13 PG 3, 712). Sdr. Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές 

της Αληθείας... 155: “mistikuri Teologiis areopagitiseuli eqstazi savaldebulod da 

gamonaklisis gareSe CarTulia ukuTqmebis, aRmatebebis da RmerTis xelSi 

TviTmitovebis perspeqtivaSi. es eqstazi, rogorc amas dionise Tavad aRniSnavs sxva 

adgilas [saRvTo saxelTa Sesaxeb 4, 13], zustad Seesabameba pavle mociqulis frazas: ‘me 

aRar vcocxlob, CemSi cocxlobs qriste (gal. 2.20)’. [...] mociquli am saRvTo 

trfialebiTi paTosis amofrqvevisas ar amJRavnebs anTropocentrulad gansazRvruli 

eqstazebis araviTar, Tundac elementarul niSans [...] es aris imis Sesaxeb rwmenis 

sazeimod damowmeba, rom RmerTis xelSi yofna niSnavs ‘absolutur da [yvelaferTan] 

daukavSirebel’ eqstazs -garegamosvlas sakuTari Seni Tavisaganac ki. am garegamosvlis 

pirobaa Seufardebloba, aRmateba Semecnebis yovel organosa da maT mier mopovebul 

yovelgvar codnaze, romelic [Semecnebis organoebis moqmedebiT mopovebuli codna] 

ukve, windawin [eqstazamde] iqna gamoyenebuli”. gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom lambro siaso 

mistikuri Teologiis kvlevisas mivida daskvnamde, rom “es traqtati dakavebulia da 

miZRvnilia dafaruli Teologiisadmi, faruli mimaluli sityvisadmi, romelic 

gamoTqva RmerTma. [...] RvTaebrivi dionise aRniSnavs mkacr dapirispirebulobas, erTi 

mxriv, RmerTis farul-damalul-dafarulsa da, meore mxriv, im [saidumloebebSi] 

gaundoblebs Soris, romlebic amtkiceben, rom ician, an SeuZliaT icodnen Tavisi 

codniT es dafaruli RmerTi mTeli Tavis sicxadiT” (iqve 152, 156). lambro siasosaTvis 

“gandoba” xdeba mxolod RvTismsaxurebis konteqstSi, anu ierarqiaSi, xolo ierarqia 

mas gagebuli aqvs imgvarad, rogorc es aRwerilia dionises saeklesio ierarqiaSi 

(amrigad, gandoba garkveulwilad Seexeba kaTakmevlebsac, romlebmac ganaxorcieles 

rwmena rogorc riskisa da pasuxismgeblobis Tavze aRebis TavianTi Tavisufali 

pirovnuli aqti). 

164 trfialebis (έρως) cnebas dionise dawvrilebiT ganixilavs da icavs saRvTo saxelebis 

meoTxe TavSi. mag., saRvTo saxelTa... 4,12: “ra Tqma unda, WeSmariti trfialeba iqeba 

rogorc ram RvTiuri ara mxolod Cvengan, aramed Tavad saRvTo nasityvobebidan, magram 

mravalTa imis gamo, rom ver SeigrZnes saRvTo saxelis _ ‘erosis’ arsi, Camovardnen 

imisaken, rac maTTvis iyo ufro axlobeli, anu ganyofili da sxeulebrivi da 

daqucmacebuli trfialebisaken, rac ar aris trfialeba WeSmariti, aramed msgavsi/kerpi, 

ufro metad ki _ Camovardna namdvili trfialebisagan” (ufro srulad da 

gamowvlilviT erosi/trfialebis Sesaxeb ix. Χρ. Γιανναράς, Χάϊντεγγερ και Αρεοπαγίτης, Αθήνα 

1998, 126-140). Sdr. 

mijnuri Smagsa gviqvian arabuliTa eniTa, 

miT rome Smagobs misisa ver-mixdomisa wyeniTa; 

zogTa aqvs saRmrTo siaxle, daSvrebis aRmafreniTa, 

kvla zogTa qve uc buneba keklucTa zeda frfeniTa. 

SoTa rusTavelis mixedviT, kargi mijnuri igia, vin iqms soflisa Tmobasa da 

trfialebiT aqvs saRmrTo siaxle da daSvrebis aRmafreniTa da ara is, vinc 

trfialebas (mijnurobas) daaqucmacebs, anu gafantavs ama-qve-ynier “silamazeebSi”, 

rodesac maTSi veRar xedavs silamazis mravalferovnebis erTianmyofel saRvTo 

66

(έρως) Wvritos igi rogorc yovelives Semqmneli 165 da SemakavSirebeli 

erTian simfoniasa da harmoniaSi, da amdenad, Tavadac eqstazirdes 

erTianobis mpyrobeli erTi RmerTisaken, 166 romelic rogorc “erTi 

erTianhyofs yovel erTs (ένας ενοποιός απάσης ενάδος, erTobaÁ erT-myofeli 

yovlisa erTobisaÁ)” 167 . 

am erTisaken eqstazirebisas adamianis gafantuli goneba erTiandeba 

Tavis TavSi da naTdeba saRvTo SuqiT. sulis gonieri Zalebis “erTis 

saxed Tavmoyra (ενοειδής συνέλξις)” 168 xdeba gonebis sakuTar TavTan mosvliT 

da erTSi (RmerTSi) kvlavSemokrebiT. es aris gonebis wriuli moZraoba, 

rodesac gare sagnebze da movlenebze fiqsirebuli goneba dianoiurad 

(petriwiseulad rom vTqvaT, midmogonebiTad anu gansjiTad) kvlav ukan 

brundeba da saRvTo erTisaken eqstazuri wvdomisas Semoikrebs am 

movlenaTa da saganTa ukve ganuyofel da Seurevnel erTobas. vinc 

aRwevs am mdgomareobas, maT gars SemoanaTebs brwyinvalebebi ise, 

rogorc mociqulebs Taboris mTaze iesos feriscvalebisas. 169 

amrigad, adamiani RvTisSemecnebas aRwevs Zlieri da daZabuli 

sulieri mcdelobisas, rodesac “ara mxolod swavlobs, aramed ganicdis 

saRvToT (saRvTo sagnebs, ου µόνο µαθών αλλά και παθών τα θεία)”. 170 cxadia, rom 

dionisesaTvis da mTeli aRmosavluri eklesiisaTvis, Teologia aris 

mSvenierebas. rac Seexeba Smagobas, Sdr. maqsime aRmsareblis “gonier sigiJes” (σώφρονα 

µάνιαν), romelic aris eqstazuri (εκστατικήν, maeqstazirebeli) (Teologiuri Tavebi 3, 56 

PG 90, 1284C- 1285A.) da aristoteles gadareuls: “gadareulis (µανικοῦ). xolo amaTTgan 

pirvelebs aqvT unari, sxvadasxva forma miiRon, xolo meoreni eqstatikosebi arian 

(ἐκστατικοί)” (poetika 1455 a [29-32]). vrclad amis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT me-3 da me-5 TavebSi. 

165 Sdr. An. Louth, The Origins... 175-176. 

166 p. iberi, Sromebi .. 72: “mis mier ipyrobebis yoveli” (saRvTo sax... 7,3) 

167 p. iberi, Sromebi .. 6. saRvTo sax... 1,1. iqve 7,3: “yovelTa moqmedi igi da maradis 

yovelTa Setyuebuli da TÂT mis yovelTa Setyuebisa da wesisa mizezi meoreTasa da 

erTsa yovelTa erT-sulobasa da Sewyobasa keTilis-moqmedebs” (p. iberi, Sromebi .. 72). 

168 saRvTo sax... 4,9. 

169 p. iberi, Sromebi .. 9: “kretsabmelTa mier wmindaTa maT sityuaTa da mRdelTmTavrobiTTa 

kacTmoyuarebiT mocemaTa Cuenda grZnobadTagan sacnaurTaTÂs da arsTa 

mier zeSTaarsebisani gangÂcxadebian, da xatTa mier da saxeTa usaxoni da 

gamouxatvelni wina-daguesxmian, da zeSTabunebisani igi da umsgavsoni simartiveni 

mraval-ferobiTa ganyofilTa saxeTaÁTa ganmravldebian da nivTier iqmnebian. xolo 

maSin, raJams uxrwnel da ukudav viqmnneT da qristes saxesa mas netarsa miviwineT 

srulebasa... maSin xiluli ese misi gamocxadebaÁ yovlad ubiwoÁTa xedviTa aResrulos 

Cuen zeda, raJams usaCinoesiTa brwyinvalebiTa ganmabrwyinvnes Cuen, viTarca mowafeni 

TÂsni saRmrTosa mas feris-cvalebasa” (saRvTo sax... 1,4). rogorc cnobilia, XIV 

saukuneSi hesiqasturi kamaTebisas swored Taboris naTlis es motivi gaxdeba 

centraluri Tema. 

170 saRvTo sax... 2, 9. aseve ix. igive 7,3. 

67

gamocdilebiTi, praqtikuli, 171 es ki TavisTavad gulisxmobs Teologiis 

evqaristiulobas. 172 

Sejameba 

rogorc vnaxeT, dionises ar akmayofilebs RvTisSemecnebis arc 

katafatikuri da arc apofatikuri meTodi. arc erT amaTgans ar SeuZlia 

gafantos saRvTo wyvdiadi, romelic igivea, rac saRvTo naTeli. orive 

RmerTze adamianuri azrovnebis meTodia da gonebis erTgvari TamaSia. 

isini aRniSnaven erTsa da imave sagans: “saRvTo wyvdiadi aris 

miuwvdomeli sinaTle, romelSic mkvidrobs RmerTi”. 173 

am or meTodze maRla aris transcendentaluri Teologiis meTodi, 

romlis mixedviTac adamiani ganeSoreba gareSe sagnebs, miatovebs 

azrovnebas da SeaRwevs uswavlel mistagogiebSi _ gansakuTrebiT 

misteriebis (saeklesio saidumloTa) gziT, ganicdis mistiurs, iZens mis 

gamocdilebas da bolos uerTdeba RmerTs. adamianis saboloo 

daniSnuleba aris ara Semecneba, aramed SeerTeba RmerTTan. Tumca es ori 

mdgomareoba erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli. SeerTeba imave dros 

niSnavs codnas: “RmerTis usaRvToesi codna [...] ucodinrobis wiaR 

miiRweva (Seicnoba, γινωσκοµένη) zegonebiseuli SeerTebiT”. 174 

171 Sdr. Γρηγόριος Παλαµάς, Υπερ ησυχαζόντων 1,33,34. Π. Χρήστου, Γρηγορίου Παλαµά Συγγράµµατα, 

Θεσσαλονίκη 1962, τ. Α΄, 445. aseve Sdr. aTonis mTis 1351 wlis tomoss: “ara Cvens sityvebSi, 

aramed sagnebSia WeSmariteba da keTilmsaxureba, rogorc amas ambobs grigol 

RvTismetyveli: ‘dogmatebze da sagnebisaTvis vibrZviT. xolo Tu vinme sagnebze 

gveTanxmeba, sityvebisaTvis ar vkamaTob’”. (Ιω. Καρµίρης, Συνοδικός τόµος, Τα δογµατικά και 

συµβολιίκα µνηµεία της Ορθοδόξου Καθολικής Εκκλησίας, Τόµος Α΄, 379). sagnebSi aq igulisxmeba 

swored saRvToTa gamocdileba: “Cven sityvebiTa da silogizmebiT mopovebul codnas 

WeSmarit warmodgenad ar miviCnevT, aramed saqmeTa da cxovrebisagan damtkicebuls 

[miviCnevT WeSmaritad] da ara mxolod WeSmaritad, aramed usafrTxod da 

Semoubruneblad (e.i. Seucdenelad –k.k)” (Γρηγόριος Παλαµάς, Υπερ ησυχαζόντων 3,13. Π. Χρήστου, 

Γρηγορίου Παλαµά Συγγράµµατα, Θεσσαλονίκη 1962, τ. Α΄, 423). ix. Ν. Α. Ματσούκας ∆ογµατική και 

συµβολική θεολογία Α, Θεσσαλονίκη 2000. 156-159. 

172 Sdr. В. В. Петров, Богословие Евхаристии в “Corpus Areopagiticum” и у прп. Миксима Исповедника... 

5-6: “...фраза «не только изучая, но переживая божественное» восходит к Аристотелю. [...] скорее всего, она 

усвоена пс.Дионисием через посредство Синезия, епископа-философа, поместившего его в контекст 

рассуждения о ритуалах мистических обрядов. То, что опыт Иерофея связан с культом и ритуалом, 

конкретизируется в похожем выражении, где говорится о том, что он «переживал приобщение к 

воспеваемому». Это выражение, используемое пс. Дионисием применительно к евхаристии, наводит на 

мысль о том, что упомянутое особое духовное переживание Иерофея было испытано во время литургии. 

Иерофей переживал божественное в молитве. На евхаристию указывает слово «приобщение», тогда как 

«воспеваемое» — это хлеб и чаша”. 

173 mistikuri T... 1,3. 

174 saRvTo sax... 7,3. dionise aq laparakobs codnis codnaze (γνώση γινωσκοµένη), rac kidev 

erTxel xazs usvams codnis gamocdilebiT xasiaTs. “suleli sibrZnis” Sesaxeb ix. igive 

7,1 

68

SeerTeba da Semecneba aris RmerTis gamocdileba: rodesac mavani 

ganicdis saRmTos, maSin uerTdeba igi RmerTs. 

dionises mixedviT, mxolod transcendentalur Teologias, rogorc 

RvTisSemecnebis meTods, SeuZlia miaaxlos adamiani RmerTs da 

Seacnobinos igi. es ki imitom, rom transcendentaluri meTodi 

dafuZnebulia gamocdilebaze, mxolod is ainteresebs da mxolod mas 

aRwers. am sulieri msvlelobis Sedegi ganRmrTobaa, romelic aris 

“RmerTTan SeZlebisdagvarad mimsgavseba 175 da SeerTeba”. 176 vinc amas 

miaRwevs “RmerTTan marad iqnebian, vinc aris yovel sikeTeze umetesi”. 177 

amrigad, ara litoni gansja, aramed rwmena, rogorc adamianis 

hipostasurobis holisturi, sulier-xorcieli gamovlineba, aRmocendeba 

Sinagani gamocdilebis simdidridan, Zlierdeba garemoze dakvirvebiT da 

ganmtkicdeba istoriuli gamocxadebis mowmobebiT, romelic aris 

daunjebuli werilSi da saeklesio cxovrebis sxvadasxva (gansakuTrebiT 

liturgikul) ZeglSi. amdenad, rwmenas, rogorc pirovnul aqtsa da 

sicocxliseul gamocdilebas, SeuZlia gasces Sesabamisi pasuxi 

pirovnulobis yovel saWiroebas: biologiurs, fsiqologiurs, 

esTetikurs, eTikursa da suliers, radgan werili da saeklesio 

cxovreba srulad moicavs yovel am aspeqts. 

2.2. evqaristiuli RvTisSemecneba 

Sesavali 

dionises orive, saeklesio da zeciuri, ierarqiis 178 mTavari Temaa saRvTo 

naTliT “minaTebulTa” gaerTianebis gza (erTyofis, ενοποιεί τα ελαµπόµενα). 179 

saeklesio ierarqias mkveTrad aqvs gamoxatuli ori ZiriTadi Tema: 

simboloebi da ritualebi. simboloebi gamarTlebulia adamianis bunebiT 

da RmerTis gamovlinebebiT. anu, imiT, rom RmerTi ecxadeba adamians, 

175 cneba mimsgavseba/msgavsebaze cota ufro vrclad qvemoT visaubrebT. 

176 saRvTo sax... 1.1. 

177 epistole 8,5. 

178 lambro siaso Tavis naSromSi “WeSmaritebis motrfialeni” (Εραστές της Αληθείας) 

daJinebiT amtkicebs, rom dionises ori Txzuleba zeciuri ierarqiis Sesaxeb da 

saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb ganixilavs swavlebisaTvis miuwvdomel mistagogiebs, 

romlebic axorcieleben morwmuneebis RmerTSi danergvas, xolo danarCeni ori, saRvTo 

saxelebis Sesaxeb da mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb, miznad isaxavs WeSmaritebis 

sulier aTvisebasa da ganmtkicebas. (Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας... 81-86. gansakuTrebiT 

84-85). 

179 saeklesio ierarq... 1.1 

69

magram adamiani ver daitevs am gamocxadebas, Tu ara simboloebiT 

mocemuls. ritualebs sawyisi aqvT wm. werilSi (nasityvobebSi) da 

RmerTis “namcnebTa” amoqmedebaSi. anu, is rac werilSi sityvebisa da 

simboloebis saxiT aris mocemuli, ritualSi aqtualizirdeba, xorcs 

isxams da SeiTviseba adamianis mier. ritualebi, ritualis 

Semsruleblebi da ritualizirebulni arian fizikur saxemde 

dakonkretebuli realobebi, romlebic warmoiSvebian ganRmrTobis gzaze, 

rac (ganRmrToba) aris kidec ierarqiebisa da misi mRvdelmoqmedebis 

saboloo mizani. es aris erTi sulier-nivTieri RvTaebrivad da 

RvTaebrivisken marad transformirebadi liturgiuli realoba, sadac 

Tavad usulo sagnebi da zogadi movlenebi iqcevian konkretuli 

adamianebis pirovnul aspeqtebad. anu, saxeze gvaqvs evqaristiuli 

movlena, marad “xdomoba” mravlisa erTad. 

yovelive amasTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba _ ZiriTadad ierarqiebSi _, 

ramdenime kerZo Tema. pirvelia, ierarqiis mkacri struqturis Sejereba 

adamianis Tavisufal nebasTan da RvTisSemecnebis sazRvrebi; meore _ 

rogor da ra mizniT xdeba nasityvobaTa ritualizireba, anu 

RvTisSemecnebis ritualuri xasiaTi; mesame _ simboloebis adamianTan 

mimarTeba anu simboloebis wiaR saRvToTa xedva-Semecneba 180 (θεωρία); 

meoTxe _ ra damokidebuleba aqvs ritualTan praqtikul-moRvaweobiT 

cxovrebas, anu RvTisSemecnebis evqaristiul-moRvaweobiTi xasiaTi. 

2.2.1. ierarqia da Tavisufleba, anu ierarqiis “moqnilobis” xarisxi 

saeklesio ierarqiis mesame Tavis pirveli paragrafi amgvarad iwyeba: 

“Cemi azriT, erTi mxriv (µέν), ierarqia aris wminda (ιερά, samRvdelo) 

mwyobri (τάξις), mecniereba, moqmedeba RvTivsaxovani (θεοειδές) imdenad, 

ramdenadac is aris miRwevadad SemTvisebeli da RmerTisagan misTvis 

[ierarqiis erTi konkretuli safexurisaTvis] zedmicemuli minaTebis 

Sesabamisad RvTismimagavsebiT aRmavali. meore mxriv ki (δέ), 

RvTivmSvenieri silamaze rogorc martivi, rogorc kargi, rogorc 

srulyofilebis moTave (τελετερχικόν, Tavurmasrulyofilebeli) ar aris 

Sereuli raime umsgavsoebas 181 (ανοµοιότητος, aramsgavsebas)”. 182 

180 zogadad simbolos Sesaxeb Tanamedrove qristianul TeologiaSi ix. ∆. Στανιλοάε, 

Αποκάλυπση µέσω πράξεως, λόγων και εικόνων (gamocxadeba saqmeebSi, sityvebSi da xatebSi), 

Θεολογία και Εκλησία, Αθήνα 1989, 103-148. 

181 is, rom RmerTi araa arafris msgavsi, iwvevs aluzias meore rjul. 6,4 

182 saeklesio ier... 3, 1 

70

am nawyvetSi ikveTeba erTi niuansi. es aris, erTi mxriv, (µέν)-isa da meore 

mxriv ki, (δέ)-s monacvleoba. jer gvaqvs mocemuli dadgenili ierarqiis 

fardobiTi RvTivsaxovneba, xolo Semdgom _ imis xazgasma, rom 

srulyofilebis moTave RmerTi aranairad ar aRereva imas, rac misi 

msgavsi ar aris. 

meore paragrafSic aris msgavsi momenti. dionise jer warmoadgens 

ierarqiis sam fenas Tu safexurs da Semdeg ambobs TiTqmis imaves, 

rasac pirvel paragrafSi: “RvTaebrivi netareba, kacobrivad rom vTqvaT, 

Seurevnelia yovelgvar aramsgavsebas”. magram am paragrafSi aris 

gansxvavebuli ram, rac SeiZleba CaiTvalos zemomoyvanili µέν-δέ-s 

monacvleobis ganmartebad. kerZod, naxsenebia cneba TanamSromloba 183 

(Tana-moqmedeba, συν-εργεία), rogorc ierarqiis mizani da rogorc saRvTo 

moqmedebis ierarqiis mier Tavis TavSi SeZlebisdagvarad 

(damtevnelobisamebr) gamovlena. 

ram: 

mocemuli Tavis Semajamebel mesame paragrafSi ki gvxvdeba aseTi 

“amrigad, TiToeuli ierarqiuli mokazmulobis rigi (safexuri, mwkrivi), 

Tavis sakuTari SesabamisobiT aRvals saRvTo TanamSromlobisken 

(συνεργείαν, Tanamoqmedebisaken), madliT da RvTivmocemuli ZaliT 

asrulebs imas, rac bunebiTad da zebunebiTad RvTismoTaveobaSi aris da 

mis [RvTismoTaveobis] mier zebunebiTad aResruleba, [romelic] 

ierarqiulad Cndeba RvTivmoyvare gonebebis [angelozebis] 

damtevnelobisamebr mimbaZvelobisaTvis”. 

maS ase, erTi mxriv (µέν), Cven vxedavT, rom ierarqia dadgenilia RmerTis 

mier, rogorc RmerTisagan gamovlenili erTad-aRmyvanebeli da erTad- 

Semkreli Zalis struqtura. am struqturaSi TiToeuls aqvs miCenili 

sakuTari adgili. magram, meore mxriv (δέ), usaRvToesi (θειότερον) swored 

is aris, rom TiToeuli mowodebulia RmerTTan mravlis gamaerTianebeli 

RvTaebrivi naTlis moqmedebasTan Tana-mSromlobisaken. 184 erTi mxriv, 

aris RmerTis Seurevneli da miumsgavsebeli transcendenturoba, meore 

mxriv ki _ dadgenil struqturaSi Tana-moRvaweobis Tavisufali aqti, 

aqti _ rogorc SeZlebisdagvarad mimsgavseba imisa, “rac aris bunebiTad 

da zebunebiTad RvTismoTaveobaSi”. swored RmerTTan TanamSromlobis 

ideiT aixsneba areopagelis zeciuri ierarqia, romelic aris 

183 Sdr. 1kor 3,9. 

184 zeciuri ier... 3,2. PG 165 B 7-12 

71

“RvTismoTaveobis mSvenierebis xati”. 185 igive Seexeba saeklesio 

ierarqiasac: saeklesio ierarqis (episkoposis) movaleobaa, asrulebdes 

mxolod imas, rasac brZanebs da mouwodebs RmerTi 186 da asrulebdes ara 

marto TviTon da mxolod sakuTari TavisaTvis da sakuTari Tavis 

didebiT gabrwyinebisaTvis. 187 

amrigad, ierarqiebSi ar unda iyos saubari ierarqiis piramidisebur 

xatze. 188 aramed, rogorc berZeni mkvlevari lambro siaso ambobs, 

“saRvTo TanamSromlobis faqti avlens gonier qmnilebas saRvTo 

saCuqris (niWis, saboZvris) 189 ara mxolod rogorc pasiur mimRebad an, 

piruku, qurumad, romelsac magiuri qmedebebiT Camohyavs dabla saRvTo, 

aramed sTavazobs da daadgens ori Tanaswori wevris TanamSromlobas: 

rogorc usazRvro aris siyvaruli, romelmac Camoiyvana RmerTi 

amqveynad, aseve uzomo aris adamianis Tavisufleba, rodesac SeeWideba 

zecaSi asvlis riskian wamowyebas. [...] areopagitikuli problematika 

185 zeciuri ier... 3,2. PG 165 B 2-6 

186 saeklesio ier... 5. 

187 Sdr. Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας... 88-89. 

188 Sdr. M. A. McIntosh, Mystical Theology, Blackwell Publishing, USA 2006, 46, 50: “arsebobs tendencia 

imisa, rom ierarqia identificirdes, rogorc statikuri da klerikaluri 

avtoritaruli struqturis samyarosa da eklesiaSi institutizacia: tendencia, rom 

moaxdinos mCagvreli Zalauflebis legitimizacia, rogorc ram RvTiuri arsebobis 

drosa da sivrceSi anareklis. dionises nawerebis komentireba saxifaTo 

gulubryviloba iqneboda imis gareSe, rom Tvalwin ar gqondes cneba ierarqiis 

warumatebeli kariera. [...] eWvis gareSea, rom ierarqiis negatiuri istoriuli konotacia 

CvenTvis Znelad warmosadgens xdis ormxrivobis struqturas. Tumca Tavad sityva 

ierarqia ar momdinareobs mCagvreli da ZalmomreobiTi urTierTobisagan, aramed 

berZnuli sityvebisagan: arqe, rac niSnavs wyaros Tu sawyisis princips da hier, romlis 

mniSvnelobaa wminda, samRvdlo. Cven SegviZlia, vifiqroT samyaros ierarqiaze, rogorc 

iseT realobaze, romliTac wminda samebiseuli urTierToba Tavis Tavs gamoxatavs 

qmnilebis mSvenierebis modeliT, romlis wyaroc igi Tavad aris. am gagebiT samyaro 

aris Teofania [RmerTCenoba] _ an ufro zustad, RmerTis manifestacia, rogorc TviTmicemadi 

siyvarulis (self-giving love) maradiuli xdomoba (event, xdomileba)”. cotaTi 

zemoT Cven mier zeciuri ierarqiidan moyvanil citataSi aris fraza, _ ‘[ierarqia aris], 

rac bunebiTad da zebunebiTad RvTivmoTaveobaSi aris da mis [RvTivmoTaveobis] mier 

zebunebiTad aResruleba [samyaroSi]’. swored TviT-micemadi siyvarulia is, rac 

[bunebiTad da zebunebiTad RvTivmoTaveobaSi samebisSida sicocxleSi/cxovrebaSi] aris 

da garegamovlindeba, rogorc maerTianebeli moqmedeba/energia. Sdr. ∆. Στανιλοάε, Εισαγωγή, 

Μυσταγωγία του Αγίου Μάξιµου του Οµολογήτου, Αθήνα 1997, 30-34. 

189 SemdgomSi Cven termin niWis magivrad berZnuli cnebis δώρος Sesatyvisad ZiriTadad 

vixmarT sityva saCuqars, radgan sityva niWma axal qarTulSi dakarga saCuqris 

mniSvneloba. SesaZlo iyo gvexmara ZRveni rogorc amas akeTebs e. WeliZe, an saboZvri, 

magram Cven mainc saCuqari vamjobineT: saCuqaria is, rasac RmerTi aZlevs, mia-niW-ebs 

adamians, xolo ZRvenia is, rasac adamiani miuZRvnis RmerTs, Tumca ZRvenisa da 

saCuqaris Sesatyvisi berZnulSi orive aris δώρος. 

72

gansazRvravs ori faqtoris TanamSromlobas, ori trfialebis [adamianis 

da RmerTis] Serwymas.” 190 

magram, amiT ar amoiwureba zeciuri ierarqiis mesame Tavis 

mniSvneloba. 191 am TavSi ierarqia ganisazRvreba, rogorc mwyobri 

samRvdelo, mecniereba da moqmedeba/energia, 192 romlis mizania RmerTis 

misawvdomad asimilacia/SeTviseba da SeerTeba. Cven ukve vnaxeT, rom 

mwyobri ar aris mxolod obieqturad arsebuli, anu saRvTo realobebis 

struqturuli da gaqvavebuli gamoxatuleba/xati, aramed rogorc 

xdomadoba 193 (happening, γίγνεσθαι), arsebobrivi xdomoba 194 (γεγονός, event). es 

ki xorcieldeba am srtuqturaSi “mcxovrebi” wyebebis (τάξεις, mwyobrebi) 

mecnierebisa da energiis 195 wiaR. 

es energia da mecniereba avlens ara mxolod wyebebis fenaTa 

erTmaneTis mimarT Tanamimdevrulad daqvemdebarebul urTierTobas – 

erTgvar subordinacias _, aramed maTSi arsebul Sinagan 

ganzomilebasac. 196 saxeze gvaqvs realoba, romelic “erTdroulad aris 

dinamiurica da statikuric, socialurica da sulieric, samarTlebrivrjuliseuli 

da mistiuric”. 197 TiToeuli mwyobri arsebobs imdenad, 

ramdenadac is Tavad eziareba RmerTis RmerTmoTaveobiT siwmindes 

(θεαρχική αγαθότητα). zeciuri ierarqiis mesame TavSi warmodgenili 

gonier/noeturi ierarqia Seicavs rogorc “gareSe filosofiur” 

warmodgenas, aseve Zveli aRTqmis rjuliseul ierarqias. orive aris saxe, 

tipi da, amave dros, “momzadeba” saeklesio ierarqiisaTvis, romelic 

190 Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας... 90-91. Sdr. An. Louth, The Origins... 170: “ierarqiebis mizani 

aris RmerTTan asimilacia da SeerTeba. es miiRweva TiToeuli arsebisagan ierarqiaSi 

TavianTi rolis Sesabamisad SesrulebiT. ramdenadac TiToeuli aRasrulebs mas [Tavis 

rols], is xdeba Tana-mSromeli RmerTis da gamoaCens saRvTo energiebs, romelic aris 

masSi imdenad, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia [damtevnelobis mixedviT]. am asimilaciis 

rezultati ganRmrToba da masTan kavSiri aris imisaTvis, rom qmnili mwyobri gaxdes 

srulyofili Teofania [RmerTCenoba], rodesac TiToeuli nawili Tavisi proporciiT 

warmoaCens RmerTs”. 

191 am monakveTSi ZiriTadad veyrdnobiT kvlevas: Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Μέσα στον Αρεοπαγιτικό 

Εκκλησιολογικό Μεγάκοσµο, Η Αποφατική Εκκλησιολογία του Οµοούσιου, Αθήνα 2002. 

192 

amieridan, rodesac konteqsti exeba saRvTo moqmedebas, Cven sityva moqmedebis 

nacvlad gamoviyenebT mis berZnul ekvivalents _ energias. 

193 γίγνεσθαι - is rac niadag da ganmeorebiTad xdeba. 

194 γεγονός – movlena, rogorc raime faqtis moxdena. Cven kargad gvaqvs gacnobierebuli, 

rom xdomoba da xdomadoba xelovnuri terminebi da sakmaod uxeSi neologizmebia, 

magram maTi Tavidan acileba mainc ver movaxerxeT. 

195 saRvTo energiis Sesaxeb aseve ix. k. ueri, marTlmadideblobis gza... 24-25. 

196 nawilobriv amaze ukve iyo laparaki andriu lauTis zemomoyvanil erT-erT pasaJSi. 

197 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Μέσα στον Αρεοπαγιτικό... 56. 

73

dafuZnebulia da damokidebulia Tavad ganxorcielebuli RmerTsityvis 198 

gangebulebaze. 199 saeklesio ierarqia, romelic noeturis zedmiwevniTi 

xatia, aris kosmiur/samyaroseuli yofiereba, rogorc eklesia. igi aris 

arseboba marad “ga-eklesierebadi”, RmerTsityvis gankacebis gavrcobili 

(drosa da sivrceSi, erTi mxriv, da, meore mxriv, maradiulobaSic) 

realizeba. saeklesio ierarqia aris mTeli qmnili samyaros 

ontologiuri arsebobis gvari (rogorc obieqturoba da rogorc xati – 

xati, romelic “ga-a-obieqturebs” asaxuls, xdis mas namdvilad Tanamyofs 

Tavis realobaSi, es ukanaskneli (asaxuli) ki RvTaebrivi realobas). 

saxeze gvaqvs “qristeSi-WeSmaritad-arsebuli”, rogorc ierarqiuli 

yofiereba da, amdenad, kenotikuri (TviT-wamocarielebadi) siyvarulis 

wminda samebiseuli struqtura. 200 amgvarad, “eklesiologia xdeba 

xatobrivi, struqturuli da obieqturi ontologia”. 201 

saeklesio ierarqiis mexuTe TavSi aris zeciuri ierarqiis msgavsad 

samsafexuriani ierarqiuli dayofa. 202 episkoposi (ierarqi) aris qristes 

198 

imis gamo, rom mxedrulSi ara gvaqvs asomTavruli, iZulebuli varT, rodesac 

RmerTis sityva RmerTis Zis igiveobrivia da unda daweriliyo asomTavruliT (sityva), 

gamoviyenoT arcTu jerovani kompozituri neologizmi RmerTsityva. 

199 gangebuleba – saRvTo oikonomia (saxlTmSenebloba, saxlTganmgebloba, θεού οικονοµία), 

romelic aRniSnavs RmerTis niadag zrunvas qmnilebis SenarCunebis, warmarTvisa da 

gadarCenisaTvis. am konkretul SemTxvevaSi vgulisxmobT RmerTsityvis gankacebas, 

romelic mTeli saRvTo gangebulebis centraluri momentia. 

200 Sdr. Cven mier zemomoyvanil mark makintoSis pasaJs. samebaSi ar aris araviTari 

subordinacia. xolo Cven mier moxmobili mkvlevarebi daJinebiT xazs usvamen, rom 

samebisSida urTierToba asaxulia qmnil ierarqiebSic. amiT maT undaT Tqvan, rom 

ierarqiebi ar aris gayinuli magiuri daRmasvla-aRmasvlis struqtura, aramed 

funqcionirebs (an unda funqcionirebdes saeklesio ierarqiaSi), rogorc 

arasubordinirebuli, anu ara vertikalur/piramiduli, aramed porizontaluri ierarqia. 

201 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Μέσα στον Αρεοπαγιτικό... 58. 

202 Sdr. И. Мейендорф, Псевдо-Дионисий Ареопагит ...: “ [В] церковной иерархии Дионисий различает 

лишь две триады, а не три. [...] Первая триада - священные чины - включает архиереев, священников и 

диаконов. [...] Во второй триаде, триаде мирских чинов, Ареопагит различает монахов, обыкновенных 

людей и нуждающихся в очищении - оглашенных, кающихся и одержимых. Очевидно, церковная иерархия 

псевдо-Дионисия так же, как его классификация небесных чинов, носит крайне произвольный характер. Он 

нигде не объясняет, почему трем ангельским чинам соответствуют лишь два земных, и вообще вся его 

классификация -не более чем игра ума. [...] В XI веке монах Студийского монастыря Никита Стифат... 

добавил к системе еще один высший чин -патриархов, митрополитов и архиепископов - еще одно 

доказательство номинальности всей системы”. mecnierTa Soris SeiniSneba gansxvaveba saeklesio 

ierarqiaSi safexurebis raodenobis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, andriu lauTi jon maiendorfis 

da nikolao ludovikosagan gansxvavebiT, sam safexurs gamoyofs: 1. a) mironi, b) 

evqaristia (sinaqsi), g) naTloba; 2. a) ierarqi [episkoposi], b) mRvdeli, g) diakvani 

(momsaxure, λειτουργός); 3. a) monazoni, b) morwmune, g) kaTakmeveli, dasjili, Sepyrobili 

(An. Louth, The Origins... 163, 168). lauTis azriT, grZnobadi simboloebi igive sakramentebi 

da Teurgiebia (iqve, 163). Teurgia (θεουργία) dionisesTan niSnavs imas, rasac RmerTi 

moqmedebs da igiveobriavia cnebisa mRvdelmoqmedeba (ιερουργία) (Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της 

Αληθείας... 80). anu, simboloebiT (mironi, puri da Rvino, wyali da zogadad: 

mironkurTxeva/mironcxeba, evqaristia, naTloba) mRvdelmoqmedebisas RmerTi Tavad 

moqmedebs qmnilebis ganRmrTobis saqmes. yvela simbolo ki momdinareobs wminda 

74

saxe (tipi qristesi), “srulmyofeli ZaliT aRvsili”, romelic 

agvirgvinebs yvelafers mocemuls wminda misteriebSi; mRvdlebis mwyobri 

morwmuneebs gaanaTlebs da maT hyofs misteriebis siRrmis mxedvelebad 

(θεορετικούς); diakoni ganswmends maT, vinc mimarTa saeklesio msaxurebas. 

magram isini ar moqmedeben damoukideblad, aramed samRvdelo wyebebSi 

Tavad RmerTi moqmedebs (θεουργεί) morwmuneebSi ganwmendas, ganaTlebas da 

gasrulebas (imas, rasac akeTeben Sesabamisad diakoni, mRvdeli, 

episkoposi). samRvdelo wyebebi TanamSromloben, gadascemen ra mTel 

TavianT sicocxles msaxurebaTmoTave RmerTs (τελετάρχη Θεώ), “yvela 

samRvdelo moqmedebas unda asrulebdnen, rogorc RmerTis mier [maTi] 

aRmsrulebelni, aseve maT, vinc iyvnen ganwmedilni, [unda] hyavdeT igi 

[RmerTi] winamZRolad yovel maTs moqmedebaSi”. 203 

amrigad, RmerTis mier da RmerTSi aqvs Zala TiToeul samRvdelo 

mwyobrs. yoveli samRvdelo safexuri aris da moqmedebs RmerTTan erTad 

rogorc RmerTis energiebis calkeuli sayovelTaod-mqmneli qarizmebis 

(saCuqrebis, niWebis) erTiani gamovlineba. TiToeuli samRvdelo safexuri 

misTvis gansazRvruli formiT warmoadgens mTel saRvTo energias, 

romelic aris yovlis gamaerTianebeli: ierarqi/episkoposi, rogorc 

ganmasrulebeli, warmoadgens saRvTo energias mTlianad; mRvdeli _ 

saRvTo energias mTlianad, rogorc ganmanaTlebeli; diakoni _ rogorc 

ganmwmedeli. amrigad, mTliani RmerTi Tavisi madliT mTlianad Cndeba 

calkeul samRvdelo xarisxSi da xdis am calkeuls sayovelTaod. 

TiToeuli samRvdelo qarizma mTeli saeklesio yofierebis erTi 

werilidan, nasityvobidan. aqedanve momdinareobs angelozebis simboloc (isini arian 

simbolo, romelic akavSirebs saRvTosTan danarCen qmnilebas). da Tuki isini arian 

simboloebi, maSin isini xdebian misteriebi, radgan upiratesad liturgiisas TamaSdeba 

werili, anu werilis simboloebi xdebian aqtualizirebulni mxolod maSin, rodesac 

isini CarTuli arian RvTismsaxurebaSi (RvTis sityvebi/nasityvobebi xdebian 

RmerTsityvis tani – sisxli da xorci) da iq xdebian misteriebi, romliTac/sadac 

RmerTi qmnilebas qmnis (θεουργεί) RmerTad. amrigad, saeklesio ierarqiaSi pirveli Sre 

samarTlianad aris pirveli imitom, rom is aris misteriebis Sre. es Sre zeciurs 

sakramentulad aerTebs qveyniur/saeklesios da qmnis maT erT cocxal organizmad, 

RmerTsityvis sxeulad. es aris evqaristiuli ontologia, sadac liturgiulad 

amoqmedebuli nasityvobaTa simboloebis wiaR RvTisSemecneba ganuyofelia arsobrivi 

metamorfozisagan, anu ganRmrTobisagan. kvlav imave suraTis winaSe vdgebiT, ierarqiebi 

ar aris gayinuli, magiuri “ontologia”, aramed cocxali, dinamiuri, socialuri 

erToba erTTan. amrigad, jon (ioan) maiendorfis kritika gadametebulia, Tumca 

gamowveulia “ierarqiis” savalalo istoriuli, saeklesio da saero, xvedrisagan. 

203 p. iberi, Sromebi... 199: “Tanamdeb arian yovlisave cxorebisa TÂsisa Sevedrebad srulmTavarsa 

RmerTsa (τελετάρχη Θεώ). [...] amas Tana aswavebs da yovelsave qmnad samRvdeloÁsa 

moqmedebisa, viTarca RmrTisa mier qmnulebiTa aRsrulebulTaÁTa da viTarmed TÂsTa 

moqmedebaTa igi Tavadi aqus maT yovelsave Sina winamZRurad” (saeklesio ier... 5,7). 

75

konkretuli saxea. es qarizmebi arian Rrma ziarebaSi erTmaneTTan: 

TiToeuli yvelaSi da yvela TiToeulSi. es aris dionises saeklesio 

ontologia. 204 

ra Tqma unda, igive Seexeba saeklesio ierarqiis or danarCen 

safexursac. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania evqaristiocentruloba: 

evqaristia aris sxva cal-calke aRsrulebadi misteriebis gansruleba, 

romlebic aResruleba mRvdelmsaxuri krebulis mier. 205 

madlis TiToeuli saCuqari-qarizma, romelic miiReba calkeuli 

gonieri wyebis mier, Rebulobs imave kenotikuri siyvarulis RmerTis 

saCuqars, anu Rebulobs Tavad RmerTs, romelic SenarCundeba mxolod im 

pirobiT, Tu gaicema xelaxla, rogorc sruli TviT-Sewirva TiToeuli 

wyebisa sxvebisadmi. 

es qarizmebis miReb-gacemoba dasruldeba qarizmebis Tavad 

upirvelesi momcemelisadmi (RmerTisadmi) amave qarizmebis, rogorc 

ZRvnis, mirTmeviT. esaa ierarqiis evqaristiuli ontologiis sqema: 

“TiToeuli mwyobri aris ZRveni sxvebisadmi iseve, imdenad, ramdenadac 

igi RmerTisagan madlobiT (evqaristiulad) Rebulobs qarizmatul Tavis 

yofierebas da ukumiuZRvnis mas da masSi yvela danarCens. amrigad, 

evqaristia aris upirvelesi da mTavari adgili, sadac RmerTis suli 

[ukan] Rebulobs TiToeulisadmi RmerTisagan naCuqars (miniWebuls), Tavs 

uyris mas da kvlav Cuqnis (mianiWebs), rogorc RvTaebrivi sicocxlis 

sisavses (qristes sisxlisa da xorcis saxiT), TiToeuls da Caasaxlebs 

mTlians TiToeulSi da TiToeuls yvelaSi. es evqaristiul safuZvelze 

saeklesio wyebebis Tu qarizmebis urTierTganmsWvaluloba Cndeba 

areopagelTan spermatulad da srul saxes Rebulobs maqsime 

aRmsarebelTan”. 206 

swored im mizniT xdeba RmerTsityvis gankaceba, rom SesaZlo gaxdes mis 

adamianobasTan misterialuri ziareba (wilmqoneoba) da masSi ki danarCen 

qmnilebasTan: 

“imisaTvis, rom Cven, rogorc sxeulis nawilebi, mas TanamovergoT 

Tavad ubiwo saRvTo sicocxlisamebr da ara ganmxrwnel vnebebSi 

daqucmacebulebi Seusabamo da morRveulni da TanaSeukvrelni 

[aRmovCndeT] saRvTo da janmrTel nawilebTan”. 207 

dionisesTvis imdenad mniSvnelovania struqturis TiToeuli elementis 

pirovnuli aspeqti, anu Tavisufali pirovnuli Zalisxmeva Tanamorgebisa 

da vnebebSi dauqucmaceblobisa, rom Tavis VIII epistoleSi eWvqveS 

ayenebs gaunaTlebeli, anu Tavis wyebis rigTan zneobrivad Seusabamo 

204 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Μέσα στον Αρεοπαγιτικό... 61 

205 ix. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Μέσα στον Αρεοπαγιτικό... 62. 

206 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Μέσα στον Αρεοπαγιτικό... 63 

207 saekl. ierar... 3,12. 

76

mRvdlis madlmosilebas: “srulad mowyda samRvdelo mwyobrs da Zalas 

ara ganmanaTlebeli”; aseT mRvdels Tavadac ara aqvs naTeli da aris 

sibneleSi; saRvTo simboloebze warmoTqmuli misi locvebi aris 

RvTisgmoba da ara locva; sakuTar Tavs atyuebs da saerTod ar aris 

mRvdeli. 208 amrigad, mxolod pirovnuli mecnierebiTa da energiiT 

SeiZleba gamarTldes ierarqiul struqturaSi dakavebuli adgili. 

magram amiT Tavad struqtura ar irRveva. igi obieqturad narCundeba. 

ubralod, pirovneba SeiZleba “amovardes” Tavisi SeusabamobiT am 

struqturidan. is ar icvleba pirovnebis sulieri mdgomareobis 

kvaldakval. berZeni Teologi m. nikolao ludoviko amis Sesaxeb ase 

wers: 

“eklesiologiuri struqturuli ontologia eqsistencialurad 

‘ganuviTarebelia’, miuxedavad dionises sawinaaRmdego survilisa. [...] 

amgvarad, [dionisesTan] eklesiis saboloo “identuroba” aris misi 

struqtura. is mocemulia imisaTvis, rom moxdes misi eqsistencialurad 

aTviseba: Tumca es bolo mxolod imisaTvisaa saWiro, rom gaamarTlos 

pirveli, romelic narCundeba absoluturad mocemuli da absoluturad 

mouqneli. [...] Cans, rom areopagelTan imarjvebs da batonobs 

struqturul-institucialuri. [...] is, vinc mogvca am siZneleebis 

Teologiuri gadawyvetis impulse, aris maqsime aRmsarebeli”. 209 

iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom ierarqia ver asaxavs da amowuravs pirovnebis 

SesaZleblobebs. is mainc erTgvar SezRudul CarCoSi aTavsebs gonier 

arsebas. marTalia, igi uSualod urTierTobs RmerTTan, magram mainc 

ierarqiaSi misTvis miCenili adgilis sazRvrebSi _ Tundac RmerTTan 

usasrulod miaxloebisas, es sazRvrebi usasrulodve farTovdebodnen, 

radgan es sazRvari mas yovelTvis “CamoarCens” mis zemo wyebas. 210 Tu ra 

niSniT xdeba TiToeulisadmi misi konkretuli adgilis miCena, dionise 

amas ar ganixilavs. 211 adamiani TanamSromlobs RmerTTan mxolod 

208 epistole 8, 2. 

209 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Μέσα στον Αρεοπαγιτικό... 66, 68. 

210 Sdr. 

“raca vis ra bedman misces, dasjerdes da mas ubnobdes: 

muSa miwyiv muSakobdes, meomari gulovnobdes; ...” 

211 Cven SegveZlo, cnobili frangi filosofosis, emanuel levinasis (1906-1995) naazrevis 

safuZvelze es problema dagvexasiaTebina (problemis daxasiaTeba, ra Tqma unda, ar 

gulisxmobs problemis moxsnas) amgvarad: ierarqiaSi adgilmiCenac RmerTTan adamianis 

dialogis safuZvelze xdeba. oRond es dialogi imarTeba yoveli “egos” an TviTis 

uwinares. pirvelad RmerTi uxmobs adamians da adamiani pasuxobs mas. es pasuxi aris 

agreTve adamianis pasuxis-mgebloba. pasuxobs ara TviTi, radgan igi Cven saxeze gvaqvs 

mxolod pasuxis Semdeg. pasuxi ki aris, “ai, aq var” _ es is pasuxia, romelsac 

iZleodnen abraami, iakobi da bibliis sxva personaJebi. pasuxis-mgebloba ar aris 

TviTis Tavisufali arCevani. igi ar irCevs, radgan jer Tavadac ar aris. “ego” Cndeba 

mxolod pirveli dialogis fonze. pirveladi aris pasuxi. xolo is, rac aris RmerTis 

Zaxilze pasuxi, swored is vlindeba/dgindeba pasuxis-mgeblobad. am pasuxis-mgeblobiT 

77

struqturis miCenil sazRvrebSi. adamianma unda gaacnobieros is, sadac 

aris, da esaa misi RvTisSemecneba. es “gacnobiereba” ki aSkarad 

moRvaweobiTi, anu praqtikulia. sakuTari adgilis intuiciuri codna 

statikuri da arasakmarisia. is sakuTar Tavs atyuebs, anu tyuilSi da 

ucodinrobaSia, Tu ar iRwvis mwyobrSi Tavisi rigis (mwkrivis) 

Sesabamisad. 212 RvTisSemecneba uigivdeba tyuilidan, sakuTari adgilis 

ver-codnidan, daviwyebidan gamosvlas. 213 es ar-daviwyeba (α-λήθ-ια, 

da am pasuximgeblobisTanave ibadeba TviTi. is, rac gvaqvs saxeze da sadac gvaqvs, anu 

ra “toposSic” gvaqvs, is aris pasuxis Sedegi. es dialogi aris gamoRviZebis procesi. 

ranairic ar unda iyos realoba, romelSic imyofeba TviTi, igi yoveTvis aris 

“gamoRviZebis travma” (ix. Emmanuel Levinas, Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence, (Dorrdrech: 

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991), 113, 142; Idem., God and Philosophy in The Levinas Reader (Blackwell 

Publishers, 1989), 170, 173-177, 182. Sdr. M. A. McIntosh, Mystical Theology... 211-216). anu, rom 

davubrundeT dionises, adamiani aRmoCndeba ierarqiis konkretul adgilze imis mixedviT 

Tu “gamoRviZebisas”, anu Seqmnisas rogori iyo pirveladi pasuxi. misi es adgili aris 

misive pasuxismgebloba, moRvaweobis are. amrigad, gamodis, rom ierarqiaSi adgili aris 

“gamoRviZebis travma”. maqsime aRmsareblis mixedviT, dacema moxda άµα τω γενέσθαι, anu 

SeqmnasTan erTad, an SeqmnisTanave. SeiZleba Tu ara, es CaiTvalos origenes gavlenad 

maqsimeze, Zneli saTqmelia. sofroni ierusalimeli, romelic iyo maqsimes maswavlebeli 

da TanamebrZoli, mkacrad gmobda origenes versias imis Sesaxeb, rom “metnaklebi 

codvilianoba qmnis ierarqias”. Tumca grigol noseli iziarebs Sesaqmes bibliuri 

teqstis (dab. 1.1) origeneseul komentars, romeli komentaris konteqstSic iyo 

gamoTqmuli origenes zemonaxsenebi varaudi (ix. ix. e. WeliZe, wminda grigol noseli da 

misi Txzuleba... 281-287). es sakiTxi, Cveni azriT, dakavSirebulia “ormagi qmnilebis” 

problematikasTan, romeli problemac, miuxedavad grigol noselis da maqsime 

aRmsareblis mkvlevarebis mcdelobisa, ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, jerjerobiT ver 

iqna damajereblad ganmartebuli (mag. ix. Ν. Ματσούκας, Μυστήριον επί των ιερώς κεκοιµηµένων και 

άλλα µελετήµατα, Θεσσαλονίκη 1992, 50-65). am da msgavsi problematikis Sesaxeb ix. В. Родзянко 

(Епископ), Теория распада вселенной и вера отцов. Каппадолийское богословие – ключ к апологетике 

нашего времени, Москва 1996, 59-64, 66-69, 76-79, 84-85, 91, 110-111. 

212 Sdr. epistole 8, 2. 

213 wm. grigol palama 32-e sakvirao qadagebaSi aRniSnavs, rom adamianebs sisrulis 

misaRwevad sWirdebaT gansacdelic, „radgan amis [gansacdelis] gareSe RmerTisadmi 

rwmenis gansruleba da gamoCena ar arsebobs” ($3). Semdeg azustebs, rom radgan isini 

ar cdiloben sakmarisad, amitom maT sWirdebaT waqezeba da zogjer iZulebac: „ara 

mxolod gagzavna, aramed aiZula... da Tumca ar isurves mociqulebma gasvla 

ierusalimidan, magram devnisagan iZulebulni gaifantnen duniaze da amgvarad 

Seasrules (επλήρωσαν) misia” ($6). garda amisa, maT ara aqvT Sesaferisi unari, raTa 

gaerkvnen realobaSi („ver gaacnobieres... radgan Ramec iyo”) da ver floben Sesabamis 

mxneobasa da rwmenas („maSin damfrTxalni (περιφόβους, SiSiTmoculni) naxa isini” ($8)). 

amitomac, „imdenad isargebles rwmenaSi im [RmerTisagan daSvebuli] gansacdelisagan, 

rom mieaxlnen da Tayvani sces iesos da uTxres: ‘WeSmaritad (α-ληθ-ώς) RmerTis Ze xar 

Sen’“ ($11). amrigad, siqvelis saboloo mizani aris ara abstraqtuli srulyofilebagansruleba, 

aramed konkretuli pirovneba ieso, rogorc vin-WeSmariti (α-λήθ-εια), 

romelSic “keTilqmedebebi [uflisa] xdebian ara mxolod Setrfobilni, aramed 

keTilad daRalulTa xsovnaSic gamyarebulnic (λήθη-is, anu daviwyebis sawinaaRmdegod 

–k.k)”. anu, qristeSi sicocxlisas adamians axsovs Tavisi namdvili damokidebuleba 

RmerTTan da, amdenad, sakuTari ontologiuri mdgomareoba ($8) (Γρηγόριος Παλαµάς, Οµιλία 

ΛΒ΄, Άπαντα τα Έργα (ΕΠΕ) 10, Θεσσαλονίκη, 314). palama sxvagan (Γρηγόριος Παλαµάς, Εκατόν 

πεντήκοντα κεφάλαια, Άπαντα τα έργα, (ΕΠΕ) 8, Θεσσαλονίκη, 100) saubrobs Tavdaviwyebisa da 

RmerTSi sakuTari Tavis gaxsenebis Sesaxeb: „saidan [SevityobT] sakuTriv Cven Sesaxeb 

namdvilsa da utyuars?“ (§21) saidan da ra gziT viciT, an SegviZlia vicodeT, Tu vin 

varT, ras warmovadgenT da sad vimyofebiT? ranairad aRmovaCenT Cvens Tavs? „[RmerTma] 

eqvs dReSi sityviT arsebulni armyofobidan Semoiyvana, myisierad... Seamyara [isini] 

78

WeSmaritebaSi myofoba 214 ) ki sxvagvarad ar xorcieldeba, Tu ara wyebis 

qristes sxeulSi misterialuri kvlav-CarTviT. amrigad, miuxedavad imisa, 

(§21)... Senaxuli, rogorc dafaruli ganZisagan gamoiyvana samzerelad, Seawyo 

harmoniulad da uzadod da saTanadod momarTa (moargo) erTi amaTgani meores, 

TiToeuli ki yvelas da yvela ki TiToeuls (§22)... wesrigad Seadgina, rogorc 

safuZveli esenic da maTSorisi logosic, imgvarad, rom samyaro Rirseulad 

wodebuliyo Mmokazmulad (kosmosad) (§23)... amrigad, pirvelad qmnilebaSi 

Semoyvaniliqna arsebulTagani ram. pirvelis Semdeg meore da mis Semdeg sxva da ase 

Semdeg. yvelaze bolos ki [Semoyvaniliqna] adamiani, romelsac RmerTisagan Rirsebisa 

da zrunvis imgvari pativi ergo, rom mTeli es grZnobadi samyaro mis uwin misTvis 

Seiqmna da caTa sasufeveli myisve samyaros dasafuZvlebisas misTvis mis uwin 

ganemzada. [saRmrTo] bWoba misTvis win waemZRvara da RmerTis xeliT RmerTis xatisebr 

Seiqmna. xolo raTa ar hqonoda yvelaferi [aRebuli] sxva cxovelebisaviT [mxolod] am 

nivTisa da grZnobadi samyarosagan, aramed [hqonoda amgvari] mxolod sxeuli, xolo 

suli ki zesamyaroseuli, ufro metic, Tavad RmerTisagan gamouTqmelad STaberili. 

[amrigad suliSTaberili sxeuli iqmna], rogorc ram Sedegi didi da saocari, 

yvelaferze aRmatebuli da yvelafris zedamxedveli da yvelaferze zemdgomeli 

(zegamgebeli), RmerTis Semcnobeli da mimRebelic yvelaze [anu danarCen qmnilebebze], 

metad xelovanis zeaRmatebuli didebulebisa. metic, ara mxolod Rvawlisa da madlis 

wiaR mimRebeli RmerTisa, aramed masTan erT hipostasSi SeerTebis SemZle” (§24). es 

nebsiTad qmnadi erT hipostasSi SeerTeba aris RmerTTan erTad Tana-Seqmna eklesiis, 

anu Tanaqmnis adamiani samyaros, raTaAes ukanaskneli iyos eklesia, rogorc misi 

(adamianis) axla ukve meore buneba. xolo am samyaro-eklesiaSi igi, rogorc upiratesad 

mesaidumle (µύστης) RmerTisa, inarCunebs da Seicnobs sakuTar simSvenieres („igi 

[RmerTi] uyvardes da mxolod misi iyos mesaidumle (µύστης) da Tayvanismcemeli da mis 

mimarT rwmeniTa da gadaxriT (midrekilebiT) da ganwyobiT sakuTari silamaze (καλλονήν, 

mSveniereba) SeinarCunos“ (§26)). amrigad, palamas mixedviT, RmerTsityvaSi, rogorc 

WeSmaritebaSi, adamiani ixsenebs sakuTar namdvil yofierebas, aRmoaCens skuTar 

pirovnulobas da am pirovnebaSi „gaapirovnulebs“ mTel samyaros. 

214 martin haidegeri arsebulebsa da yofnas (yofierebas) Soris gansxvavebas pirvelad 

heraklitesTan poulobs: “Φύσις κρύπτεσθαι φιλεί” (“bunebas uyvars malva/farva”) _ yofna 

gansxvavdeba sagnebisagan, romlebic Canan anu φαίνονται (fenomenebisagan). amrigad, 

SevimecnebT mxolod saxes, gvars, romliTac arsebulebi myofoben da es gvari aris 

arsebobis gamoCenis xdomileba. WeSmariteba aris ar-malva (α-λήθ-εαια), sapirispiro 

farvisagan (λανθάνειν), anu aris Cena. arsebulebi gamoCndebian herakliteseuli malvisagan 

(κρύπτσθαι). sagnebi arian WeSmariti, rogorc fenomenebi, anu, rogorc malvis uaryofamokleba. 

arsebulebis WeSmariteba ar uigivdeba maTs nivTier Tu idealur TavisTavad 

arsebas, anu “arss” (ουσία), aramed gaigebian, rogorc moqmedeba, rogorc malvisagan 

amosvlis, “amoyvinTvis” xdomileba. ar vicnobT arss, aramed Tan-arss (παρ-ουσία), anu is 

rac Tan axlavs arss, anu vicnobT fenomens. fenomeni, amrigad, aris Tan-damswre yofnis, 

misi Tan-dauswreblobidan (απ-ουσία), anu dafarulobidan Tan-arsSi gamosvla. fenomeni 

ar aris yofnis moCvenebiToba an misi/masTan winaaRmdegoba. is aris yofnis gamovlineba 

–malulis Cena. amrigad, imisaTvis, rom arsebuli iyos, amisaTvis Tanabrad aucilebelia 

orive, Tan-dauswreblobac da Tan-daswrebac (Anwesenheit) – dafaruli, maluli yofna 

gare-gamodis, rogorc Tan-daswrebis xdomileba da vlindeba arsebulad (aramarto 

damaluli aris arsebuli). xolo garegamosuli aris WeSmariti, anu sagani WeSmaritia, 

gan-malulia mxolod maSin, Tu yofnac aris masSi da is masSi aris gan-malvis 

procesSi, anu, ase vTqvaT, droSi. TviT-malva (dauswrebloba) da gamoCena (ganmalva, 

WeSmariteba) orive ekuTvnis Tanabrad yofnas. oRond, cxadia, dauswrebloba 

gulisxmobs ar-yofnasac, anu arafrobas da, amgvarad, samyaro, arsebulebi, adamianis 

Tan-daswreba “farfatebs”, “daumyarebelia” (schweben). isini arian warmavali fenomenebi 

arafrobis ontologiur realobaSi. arsi aris yofnis xdomileba, romelsac Tanabrad 

ekuTvnis yofnac da arafrobac. arsi aris gamoCena arsebulTa “usafuZvlo 

safuZvlobis” (abgründiger Grund). adamiani DSeimecnebs arsebulebis yofnis gvars – 

arsebulebis WeSmaritebas/ganmalvas, rogorc gamoCenas da am ukanasknels ki _ rogorc 

droiTobas. adamiansa da arsebulebis malul bunebas Soris aris dauZleveli manZili. 

es daSoreba aris gaucxoebuloba, anu usaxlkarobis agonia. adamiani aris mitovebuli 

samyaroSi, sadac fenomenebis fenomenaluroba, ontikuri gamoCenis ganyenebuli 

79

om dionises sistemaSi adamiani ar Cans srulad Tavisufali, 

RvTisSemecneba mainc xazgasmiT misterialur-ritualuria, anu 

evqaristiulia, riTac Tavisuflebis sakmaod maRali xarisxi 

garantirebulia. 

2.2.2 rituali da wminda werili 

amrigad, sinergia ierarqiis mizania. aris Tu ara igi safuZvelic, Cven 

dabejiTebiT ar ZalgviZs vTqvaT. garkveulwilad, Cven SegviZlia 

vivaraudoT, rom TiToeulis adgili ierarqiaSi ganpirobebulia RmerTis 

winaswarmcodneobiT (anu, RmerTma winaswar icis TiToeulis 

SesaZlebloba da swored am unaris gaTvaliswinebiT miuCens TiToeuls 

Sesaferis xarisxs ierarqiaSi). aseve, SegviZlia vifiqroT, rom pirveladi 

sinergia, rogorc safuZveli, qmnilebis TviTSezRudvaa, 

dadableba/emanacia garkveul samoqmedo areSi, xolo meoradi sinergia 

aris TviTgaxsna, aRmasvla/ukandabruneba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, SegveZlo, 

gvesaubra srul Tavisuflebaze, magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, dionisesTan 

amaze araferi ar Tqmula da Cven mxolod varaudiRa SegviZlia. 

saeklesio ierarqiis pirvel TavSi gvxvdeba fraza: “Cveneuli 

ierarqiis arsi aris RvTivgadmocemuli nasityvobebi”. 215 im konteqstis 

mixedviT, romelSic mocemulia es fraza, ierarqia aris RmerTmoTaveobis 

droiToba mianiSnebs arafrobis ontologiur realobas: adamianis mimarTeba 

samyarosTan ar aris ra, garda arafrobasTan Sepirispirebisa. haidegers miaCnda, rom 

nebismier SemTxvevaSi adaminis arseboba aris aucileblad eqstazuri. magram rodesac 

pirovnuli eqstazi rCeba sxvisadmi mimarTebis gareSe (anu “mniSvneli” sxvis “toposSi” 

aRmocenebis gareSe, rodesac eqstazi aris wadili da es wadili ki urTierToba), maSin 

es arseboba dasruldeba, rogorc eqsistencialuri sicarielis gancda/gamocdileba, 

anu arsebobis absurdis gamocdileba. cnobilia, rom martin haidegers surda, daewera 

Zeit und Sein rogorc Sein und Zeit-is meore nawili, sadac gansaxilveli problema iqneboda 

ara adamianuri yofna, aramed yofna TavisTavad, anu hermenevtikuli ontologia 

TavisTavad yofnisa. (Χρ. Γιανναράς, Σχεδίασµα εισαγωγής στη φιλοσοφία, Αθήνα 1980, 206-215; misive, Το 

πρόσωπο και ο έρως,, Αθήνα 2001 (1992), 24-30; misive, Χάϊντεγγερ και Αρεοπαγίτης … 137; Sdr. Ν. 

Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 15-16, 97-99, 112-114, 251-257). am dauwerel wignSi (Zeit und 

Sein - aseTi saTauriT gamovida misi wigni, magram is iyo mxolod statiebis krebuli), 

albaT, pasuxi gaecemoda adamianis usaxlkarobis, anu arsebobis absurdis problemas, 

romelsac aq Taviseburad gadawyvets dionise. anu, dionisesTan WeSmariteba uigivdeba 

qristes da, amasTan erTad, mis Secnobas, anu mis misterialur gziT/wiaR gaxsenebas, 

rogorc sakuTaris TviTis gamoCena/danaxvas. WeSmariteba, ganmalva aris sagnebs “ukan” 

dafaruli qristes gamoCena konkretuli pirovnebisaTvis/mistisaTvis, rogorc am 

pirovnebis pirovnebad Camomayalibebeli movlena. es ar aris pirovneba/obieqtis 

ontikuri dasafuZvleba, aramed qristes pirovnebaSi adamianis marad zrdadi, 

gavrcobadi, qriste-WeSmaritebisaken gadawvdomadi pirovnebis fesvgadgmuloba. 

215 saeklesio ier... 1,4 

80

gonieri arsebebisadmi saCuqari (saboZvari), romlis mizanic aris maTi 

ganRmrToba. oRond is, rac eCuqaT angelozebs univTod, 216 adamianebs 

miecemaT simboloebSi ganxSoebulad: “Cven ki is, rac maT [angelozebs] 

erTianad da Sekecilad (ενιαίως τε και συνεπτυγµένως) eboZebaT, gveCuqeba, 

ramdenadac es CvenTvis miRwevadia, RvTivmocemul nasityvobebSi 

gansxvavebuli da mravlad ganyofili simboloebiT”. 217 amrigad, ierarqia 

aris adamianebisadmi saCuqari da mocemulia werilis simboloebSi. 

rogorc zemoT ukve vnaxeT, dionisesTan saeklesio gadmocema aris 

ormagi: erTi mxriv, sityvier (daweril da zepir) simboloebSi nivTierad 

xelmisawvdomi da, meore mxriv, RvTismsaxurebiTad 

intuiciur/mistikur/gamocdilebiTi. SegviZlia vigulisxmoT, rom 

saCuqris es mistikuri gamocdileba iseTive myisieri (“erTiani da 

Sekecili”), anu zedroulia, rogorc angelozebisaTvis (es asedac 

aRiqmeba, rodesac RvTismsaxurebis fonze warTqmiT/ukuTqmiTi gonieri 

daZabulobisas adamians eufleba eqstazi, rogorc amas aRgviwers 

dionise ieroTeosis SemTxvevaSi). ierarqia werilSi mocemulia, rogorc 

simbolo, magram es simbolo aris swored RvTismsaxurebiTi, anu, es 

simbolo mxolod maSin xdeba simbolo, Tu msaxurebaSia CarTuli. 

amrigad, werili “ixsneba”, amoqmeddeba RvTismsaxurebaSi da iq iZens azrs 

da aRwevs daniSnulebas. 

iqve, zemoT moyvanil konteqstSi, saubaria aseve werilobiT da 

dauwerel/zepir nasityvobebze. 218 iq naTqvamia, rom azris gadacema 

216 

saeklesio mwerlobaSi angelozebs ewodebaT univToebi mxolod adamianebTan 

SedarebiT. srulad da absoluturad univTo mxolod RmerTia. imave dionises am 

teqstSi naxsenebia, rom angelozebrivi sityva aris “ufro metad univTo”, vidre 

adamianebis. 

217 saeklesio ier... 1,4. Sdr. 

romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa miT ZlieriTa, 

zegardmo arsni suliTa yvna zeciT monaberiTa, 

Cven, kacTa, mogvca qveyana, gvaqvs uTvalavi feriTa... 

218 

dawerili da dauwereli gadmocemis arsebobaze miTiTeba ar iyo ucxo fsevdo 

dionisemdel saeklesio mwerlobaSi. Sdr. basili didi: “dogmatebisaganni da 

kerigmebisaganni, romelTac inaxavs eklesia, zogi gvaqvs miRebuli werilobiTi 

swavlebisagan, ese igi wminda werilisagan, xolo zogma mistikurad [saidumloebiTad] 

moaRwia Cvenamde mociqulebis gadmocemidan da isini miviReT. magram orive elements, 

werilobiTs da dauwerel gadmocemas, aqvT erTi da igive mniSvneloba rwmenisaTvis. da 

aravis, visac ki aqvs eklesiis Cveulebebis [θεσµών, wesCveulebebis] (igulisxmeba 

upiratesad misteriebi –k.k) odnavi codna da gamocdileba, eqneba amis sawinaaRmdego 

azri. radgan Tuki davapirebT, ugulebelvyoT dauwereli Cveulebebi, TiTqos didi 

mniSvnelobis armqoneT, CavidenT Secdomas da davazaralebT arsobrivad saxarebas an 

metic: kerigmas gavxdiT mxolod cariel saxelad” (Μ. Βασιλείου, Περί Αγιού Πνεύµατος, 

Βασιλείου Καισαρείας του Μεγάλου. Άπαντα τα έργα, 10 ∆ογµατικά. Θεσσαλονίκη, 456-458). imas, rom 

81

aRacnairad hgavda zecieri ierarqiisas – isic sxeulebrivi sityvaa, 

Tumca _ ufro metad univTo. anu, isic myisierad (Sekecilad da 

SeerTebulad) da intuiciurad xorcieldeba. xolo is, rac intuiciurad 

gadmoica saeklesio tradiciis mixedviT, gagebulia aseve simboloebis 

saxiT da igulisxmeba kvlav is, rasac dionise uwodebs ierarqiaSi anu 

RvTismsaxurebiTad aqtualizirebads. amrigad, saxeze kvlav gvaqvs 

werilisa da RvTismsaxurebis Sewyvileba, romelic Sobs praqtikul 

RvTisSemecnebas. 

saeklesio ierarqiis mexuTe Tavis meSvide paragrafSi aRwerilia 

samRvdelo xarisxSi ayvanis msaxureba da iqve mocemulia misi ganmarteba. 

umaRlesi, anu yvela ierarqiuli safexuris Tavmomyreli da 

ganmasrulebeli, ierarqis episkoposad kurTxevis ganmasxvavebeli niSania 

kandidatis Tavze werilis dadeba. aq werili warmodgenilia, rogorc 

“gamomCeni gareSemcvelad da mecnierebiTad (επιστηµονικώς) mTeli 

Teologiis, Teurgiis (θεολογία, θεουργία 219 ), Teofaniis, 

samRvdelomesityveobis (ιερολογία, ierologiis), mRvdelmoqmedebis (ιερουργία, 

ierurgiis) _ erTi sityviT, yoveli saRvTo da samRvdelo saqmeebisa da 

sityvebis, romelic keTilmoqmed RmerTmoTaveobisagan eCuqeba (mieniWeba) 

Cveneul ierarqias”. 220 

vxedavT, rom rogorc saRvTo, ise samRvdelo saqmeebi da sityvebi 

ierarqiisaTvis RmerTisagan aris naCuqari. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, RmerTi 

aZlevs sityvebsa da saqmeebs (θεολογία, θεουργία) da adamiani pasuxobs 

sityvebiTa da saqmeebiT (ιερολογία, ιερουργία). magram es “sityvebic da 

saqmeebic” RmerTisagan arian mocemuli. anu, werili aris sityvebi, 

romelic RmerTma auwya/gaando da RvTismetyvelebma (Teologebma) 

Caweres. igi aris erTdroulad RmerTis sityvac da adamianis 

“ukuisityvac” _ Teologiac da ierologiac. Tavad werilivea wyaro 

θεσµών/wes-CveulebebSi Cven RvTismsaxurebebi, anu misteriebi SegviZlia vigulisxmoT, 

migviTiTebs Tavad basili didis sxva pasaJi: “amgvarad saeklesioTa Sesaxeb damdgenelma 

(διαθεσµοθετήσαντες) mociqulebma da mamebma dafarulSi da uTqmelSi misteriebis siwminde 

daicves” (Περί Αγιού Πνεύµατος, 27, 66, PG 32, 189B). ufro vrclad imis Sesaxeb, rom saeklesio 

mwerlebi dauwerel gadmocemaSi upiratesad misterialur cxovrebas gulisxmobdnen 

ixile Χρ. Θ. Κρικώνης, Η Παράδοσις της Εκκλησίας κατά τον Μέγαν Βασίλιον, «Κληρονοµία» τοµ. 13,Α 1981; 

∆. Τσάµης, Η Πρωτολογία του Μεγάλου Βασιλείου, Θεσσαλονίκη 1970; Γ. Γαλίτης, Γραφή και Παράδοσις κατα τον 

Μ. Βασίλειον, «Βασιλειάς», Ιερά Μητρόπολις Θεσσαλονίκης, Θεσσαλονίκη 1979. 

219 Teurgiis Sesaxeb ix. ∆. Ι. Κρικώνης, Η αρχαία ελληνική φιλοσοφία Τοµ. Β΄ Θεσς. 2002, 352, 355; R. 

R.T. Wallis, Νεοπλατωνισµός, Αθήνα. 2002, 195, 197-198, 205-206; Ed. Moore“The Golden Road To Unlimited 

Devotion”: The Christian Neo-Platonism of St. Maximus Confessoρ, St. Elias Orthodox Theological Seminary, 

(htt://www.isns.us/neoplatonism-online/journal/). aseve winamdebare naSromis me-5 Tavi. 


82

msaxurebisa da ierarqiisa, romelic amoqmedebs am werils da xelaxla 

“qmnis” mas. “nasityvobebi ar aris mxolod is sivrce, saidanac 

momdinareobs samRvdelo ritualebi _ askvnis lambro siaso _, aramed 

imave xarisxiT igi Tavad ritualebia TavianT uRrmes arsSi, maTi 

arsebobis logosica (λόγος-is, Tu rogoria maTi arsebobis azri/sazrisi 

_k.k) da gvaric (τρόπος-is, Tu rogoria maTi arsebobis energia/moqmedeba – 

k.k)”. 221 es ki niSnavs ierarqiiis/mRvdelmsaxurebisa da werilis imgvarad 

urTierTgadajaWvulobas, rom is, rac adamianma icis (Sdr. moyvanili 

pasaJis mecnierebiTad-επιστιµονικώς) werilidan, unda icodes msaxurebiTad 

da liturgiulad “qmnas” werili holistikur codnad. 

2.2.3 simboloebi da saRvToTa xedva 

simbolo aris grZnobadis da goniTsawvdomis (sacnauris, noeturis) 

erTianoba. aRebuli erTi konkretuli simbolo ki aris sivrce, sadac 

ritualurad “TamaSdeba” mTeli grZnobadi da noeturi samyaroebis 

Tanaarsebobis erTi konkretuli aspeqti. Cveneuli ierarqia ki aris 

simboluri, SeiZleboda gveTqva, ierarqia aris aseT simboloTa erTiani 

asxma, anu saeklesio rituali, rogorc simboloTa simfonia. 222 

saeklesio ierarqiis pirvel TavSi vkiTxulobT: 

“[RmerTmoTaveobisagan aRivsnen ra pirveli ierarqebi wminda saCuqrebiT], 

gadmogvces wminda mcnebebi TavianTi dawerili da dauwereli gandobebiT: 

grZnobad xatebSi zezeciurni, mravalSi da gansxvavebulSi _ Sekecili, 

adamianiseulsa da nivTierSi _ saRvTo, CveneulebSi – zearseulni 223 [...] 

Cveneul [ierarqias] ki vxedavT, CvenTan Sesabamisad (αναλόγως ηµίν), 

aRvsebuls gansxvavebuli da grZnobadi simboloebiT, romelTa mier Cveni 

sazomisaebr ierarqiulad aRviyvanebiT erTsaxovani ganRmrTobisaken, 

RmerTTan da saRvTo siqvelesTan (αρετή, saTnoebasTan)”. 224 

grZnobadi xatebi gamoiyeneba, rogorc sawyisi punqti RmerTis xedvisaken 

(θεωρία) aRmasvlisaTvis, romelic (xedva-θεωρία) saSiSia damwyebTaTvis 225 

(ατελών, arasrulTaTvis) da mounaTlavebisaTvis. 226 magram es usruloba 

221 Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας... 91-93. 

222 Cven zemoT ukve visaubreT, rom dionisesaTvis mTeli samyaro aris harmonia da 

simfonia da axla ki SegviZlia davamatoT, rom misTvis aseTia samyaro ierarqiuli 

mRvdelmsaxurebis rakursidan danaxuli. 

223 saeklesio ier... 1,5. 



226 saeklesio ier... 2,2. В. В. Петров, Богословие Евхаристии в “Corpus Areopagiticum” и у прп. Миксима 

Исповедника... 2: “пс.-Дионисий по-разному обосновывает необходимость символов. В качестве 

«священных завесы» (παραπετάσµατα) символы выполняют двоякую функцию. Во-первых, они скрывают 

83

RmerTSobis (θεογενεσία), anu naTlobis ritualis gziT, rac aris qristes 

sxeulSi wilmqoneobis miReba, gardaiqmneba saRvTosaken axedvis unarad. 

es unari ki viTardeba ierarqiaSi Semdgomi cxovrebiT, anu ritualur 

cxovrebaSi monawileobiT, rac aris qristes saqmis keTeba da gamosaxva. 227 

amgvarad, simboloebi aris adamians misadagebuli (αναλόγως ηµίν) 

zegardamo Cuqebuli saRvTo realobebi, romelTa TandaTanobiTad 

zrdadi xedva, anu Teorizireba-Semecneba xorcieldeba ritualur 

qristes sxeulSi cxovrebis wiaR da qristes saxiT cxovrebiT. 

2.2.4 adamianuri siqvelis misterialuri ganzomileba 

endriu lauTi aRniSnavs, rom triada _ ganwmenda, ganaTleba da 

gansruleba/SeerTeba, romelic gvxvdeba dionisesTan, momdinareobs 

winaqristianuli filosofiuri tradiciisagan da gasdevs mTlianad 

qristianulsac. magram areopagelTan es triada “muSaobs” Taviseburad: 

ierarqiebis sistema asrulebs Teofaniis funqcias, aris ra 

gasxivosnebuli RmerTmoTaveobisagan da mokazmuli (morTuli) saRvTo 

didebulebis simboloTa mwyobriT. Tavis am daniSnulebas igi 

axorcielebs sammagi procesiT _ ganwmendiT, ganaTlebiTa da 

gansrulebiT. saeklesio ierarqiaSi umaRlesi mwkrivi/rigi Sedgenilia 

ritualebisagan, radgan ritualebi, anu misteriebi ganasrulebs, 

samRvdelo mwkrivi gananaTlebs misteriebis misaRebad da saero mwkrivi 

ki ganiwmindeba. 228 TavisTavad cxadia, rom gansrulebaSi igulisxmeba 

asvla erTsaxovani ganRmrTobisaken, RmerTTan da saRvTo siqvelesTan 

(αρετή). 229 amrigad, ritualebia is, rac aRasrulebs siqveliseul 

ganRmrTobas. anu, eklesiis wiaRSi naTlobis, mironcxebis da 

evqaristiaSi ritualizirebuli simboloebi aris gza da WeSmariteba da 

sicocxle/arseboba RvTisSemecnebisa (RvTisSemecneba, romelic aris 

holistikuri, anu moicavs mTlian adamians da, amdenad, zedmiwevniT 

истину от непосвященных, ибо те недостойны приблизиться к сокровенному знанию. Во вторых, символы, 

как покровы, предохраняют неокрепший взор еще только совершенствующихся. Символы необходимы, 

поскольку они дают опору нашему слабому уму.”. 

227 Sdr. saeklesio ier... 2,2. aseve Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας... 96: “ra zomiTac [RmerTis 

sityvis] gankaceba ganaaxlebs, gakvalavs da SesaZlebels xdis xsnasa da aRdgomas, 

zustad im zomiTve grZnobadni vlindebian [dionisesTan], rogorc aRmyvaneblebi da 

erTaderTi gza noeturebisaken, anu RvTaebrivisaken”. 

228 ix. Andrew Louth, The Origins... 7-10, 44-7, 112, 127, 129, 163, 171. 


84

anTropologiuri movlenaa, movlena, romelic mTlianad asaxavs da 

amowuravs am ukanasknels). oRond dionisesTan gvxvdeba kidev erTi 

niuansi, kerZod, misteriebi aseve Seexeba “msgavsis msgavsis mier 

Secnobis” CvenTvis ukve nacnob Temas. raTa ukeTesad gaverkveT am 

sakiTxSi, gavaanalizoT ramdenime fraza saeklesio ierarqiis mesame 

TavSi evqaristiuli Sekrebis (σύναξις, sinaqsis) ganmartebidan: 

1. “Canergavs ra msgavsSi msgavss”; 230 

2. “mihmadlebs/Cuqnis msgavss ziarebas”; 231 

3. “[maTSi, vinc SeZlebisdagvarad RmerTTan] mimsgavsebis mier 

mieaxlebian zewminda mRvdelmoqmedebebs... gaivlian 

zesamyaroseuli gamosxivebebis sikaSkaSeebi mTlianad da 

uciskrovanesad msgavssaxovani (οµοειδών) sarkeebis naTebaSi” 232 . 

es winadadebebi ar Seexebian imdenad gnosis/Semecnebis Temas, ramdenadac 

gadmoscemen ufro farTo sakiTxs, kerZod, adamianis urTierTobas 

RmerTTan saeklesio ierarqiis wiaRSi. meore (2) fraza aCvenebs, rom 

ziareba aris saCuqari. ara avtomaturad, anu arsobrivad eziareba msgavsi 

msgavss, aramed RmerTmoTaveobis moyvaruli neba/moqmedeba iziarebs 

msgavss. 

mesame (3) fraza ki aCvenebs, rom ziarebas sWirdeba momzadeba, ese igi 

sakuTriv adamianSi msgavsebis (οµοίωσις) momzadeba da “Seqmna”. es 

RmerTCenobis saRvTo naTebebs miscems saSualebas, imoqmedos, Cainergos 

(Sdr. pirvel pirvel (1) frazas) adamianSi (kvlav saxezea sinergia: erTi 

mxriv, zegardamo saCuqari, meore mxriv, sakuTari Tavis gamzadeba, 

“gaxsna” saCuqris misaRebad). 

aq SegviZlia davsvaT kiTxva, mainc ras niSnavs, anu rogor moipoveba, 

“Seiqmneba” es msgavseba? 

dionise naTlobas araerTxel uwodebs RmerTSobas (θεογενεσία 233 , 

Teogenesia). es niSnavs, rom naTlobaSi, erTi mxriv, RmerTi Sobs, da, 

meore mxriv, RmerTad Sobs adamians. es Teogenesia aris pirveli da, 

amdenad, Sesavali danarCen misteriebSi. dionise naTlobis ritualis 

ganmartebis SesavalSive xazgasmiT amgvarad ganmartavs am pirvelobas: 

230 saeklesio ier... 3,7 da 3,8 

231 saeklesio ier... 3,1 da 3,11. 


233 ix. saeklesio ier... 2 

85

“ierarqiis mizani (σκοπός) aris RmerTisadmi asimilacia/Semsgavseba 

(αφοµοίωσις) da SeerTeba (ένωσις), ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia. da amas Cven 

mivaRwevT ise, rogorc amas saRvTo nasityvobebi gvaswavlis. anu, 

mxolod (µόνως) uTayvanissacemeli (σεβασµιωτάτων, metad samsaxurebeli) 

mcnebebis SeyvarebiT da maTi mRvdelmoqmedebebiT (ιερουργίαις). radgan man 

[qristem] Tqva, ‘daicavs Cemi myvarebeli Cems sityvas da mamaCemic 

Seiyvarebs mas da movalT da davsaxldebiT masTan ’(in. 14, 23). da ra aris 

samosavo (σεπτοτάτων, usapativoesi) mcnebebis mRvdelmoqmedebis (ιερουργίαις) 

sawyisi (αρχή), [romelic] sxva samRvdelomesityveobebis (ιερολογιών) da 

mRvdelmoqmedebebis (ιερουργιών) miRebisaTvis ganamzadebulobad 

(επιτηδειότατα) qmnis (µορφούσα, Camoqnis, gaaformebs) Cveni sulis naTvisobas 

(έξεις, mtkiced SeZenil Tvisebas) da [amasTan erTad] ze-zecieri 

gansvenebisaken aRiyvans? [es aris] samRvdelo (ιεράς) da usaRvToesi 

kvlavaRmoSobis (αναγεννήσεως, naTloba) gadmocema (παράδοσις)”. 234 

maSasadame: 

1. arsebobs RmerTTan SeerTebis mxolod erTi (µόνως, efrem 

mcireseulad mxolod... oden) gza, esaa saeklesio 

mRvdelmoqmedebebi; 

2. mcnebebi ar aris mxolod eTikuri da Teoriuli brZanebebi, 

aramed aris siyvarulisa (trfialebis 235 ) da hierurgiebis obieqti. 

mcnebebi Seiyvarebian da mRvdelimomoqmedebian da, amgvarad, 

ganasruleben RmerTTan asimilacia/Semsgavsebas; 236 

3. naTloba qmnis winapirobas adamianSi, anu dabadebs masSi 

unars/naTvisobas sxva misteriebis misaRebad. sxvagvarad rom 

234 saeklesio ier... 2,1 Sdr. p. iberi, Sromebi... 160: “ese ars piri (σκοπός) Cuenisa amis 

mRdelT-mTavrobisaÁ, raoden misawTomel ars, RmerTisa mimarTi msgavsebaÁ (αφοµοίωσις) da 

erTobaÁ Cueni. xolo amas, viTarca saRmrToni sityuani guaswaveben, mxolod 

samsaxurebelTa (σεβασµιωτάτων) maT oden mcnebaTa SeyuarebiTa da moqmedebiTa (ιερουργίαις) 

mivemTxueviT, rameTu ityÂs: ‘romelsa uyuarde me, mcnebani Cemni daimarxnes da mamamanca 

Cemman Seiyuaros igi da movides missa da mis Tana savane vyoT’. xolo Tu raÁ ars 

dasabam (αρχή) samsaxurebelTa (σεπτοτάτων) maT mcnebaTa msxuerplis Semwirvelobisa 

(ιερουργίαις), romeli-igi sxuaTa maT samRdeloTa sityuaTa (ιερολογιών) da 

memsxuerpleobaTa (ιερουργιών) Semwynarebelad simarjued (επιτηδειότατα) dahsaxavs (µορφούσα) 

bunebiTTa guarTa (έξεις) CuenTa da gza miyofs Cuen aRsvlad zeSTacaTaÁsa mis 

gansasuenebelisa mimarT, ese igi ars wmidisa (ιεράς) da saRmrToÁsa, kualad aRmoSobisa 

Cuenisa mocemulobaÁ (παράδοσις)”. vfiqrobT, rom aq sityva παράδοσις ar niSnavs mxolod 

RmerTis mier adamianisadmi axlad dabadebis mocemas, aramed saeklesio ritualurkonceptualuri 

tradiciis wiaR mis mocemas, anu gardamocemas. 

235 trfialeba moRvaweebs sakmaod mZime kriteriumebs uyenebs. Sdr. rusTaveli 

mijnursa Tvalad siturfe hmarTebs, marT viTa mzeoba, 

sibrZne, simdable, siuxve, siyme da mocaleoba, 

ena, goneba, daTmoba, mZleTa mebrZolTa mZleoba; 

visca es srulad ara sWirs, aklia mijnurT zneoba. 

236 radgan mcnebebi arian mocemuli werilSi, am pasaJiT kvlav dasturdeba is, rac Cven 

ukve vTqviT werilisa da ritualebis mimarTebis Sesaxeb: werili aris simboloebisa da 

mcnebebis saunje. es mcnebebi da simboloebi aqtualizirdebian da aRweven mizans, 

romelicaa RvTisSemecneba, mxolod ritualurad. 

86

vTqvaT, naTlobiT RmerTi admianSi badebs msgavsebas (swored 

aseTi msgavsebiT xdeba SesaZlebeli msgavsis Secnoba). 

rac Seexeba mironcxebisa da evqaristia/sinaqsis ritualebs, isini 

Seesityvebian im saWiroebas, rac arsebobs monaTlulisaTvis 

ganRmrTobisaken mimavali cxovrebis Semdgom gzaze. am dinamikasa da 

perspeqtivas saukeTesod asaxavs ori termini _ RmerTsaxovneba da 

gaformeba/saxovanyofa (θεοειδία, µόρφωση/ειδοποίηση, gamoxatva/saxismicema). 

liturgiuli himnebis Tanaxmad, RmerTma gagvaforma, Seqmna Cveni 

RvTissaxovneba Tavisi arqetipuli silamazis mixedviT. 237 dacemis Semdgom 

RmerTma kvlav ganago adamianisaTvis saRvTo sikeTeTa gadacema 238 da 

aRudgina RvTivsaxovani mSveniereba 239 da msgavseba (rac, rogorc ukve 

aRvniSneT, xdeba “msgavsis mier msgavsis Secnobis”, anu RvisSemecnebis 

safuZveli). es ki (silamazisa da msgavsebis aRdgena), rogorc vTqviT, 

xdeba RmerTSobis dros. 240 “kvlavaRmoSoba” aris aRmasvlis dawyeba. 

xolo am aRmasvlis kriteriumi Tavad qristea, romlis ucodvelobasac 

SeiTvisebs adamiani, raTa miaRwios RvTissaxovnebas. 241 

mironcxebis ritualis Sedegi aris swored RvTivsaxovan siqveleTa 

kvlav CaTesva RmerTSobil adamianSi. 242 xolo sinaqsisis misteria, 

romelic aris misteriebis misteria, 243 dahbeWdavs danarCen misteriebs. es 

rituali mRvdelmoqmedebs adamianis Sekrebilobas/sinaqsiss, mis 

urTierTziarebas da SekavSirebas zeerTTan. ra Tqma unda, am ritualis 

centrSi dgas qriste. igi ara mxolod gamoisaxeba, aramed wil-iqoneba 244 

(µετέχεται). ramdenadac WeSmaritia da SesagrZnobi gankacebis adamianuri 




240 

is, rom naTlobaSi xdeba dasabamieri, anu adamis dacemamdeli mdgomareobis 

dabruneba, dawvrilebiT ix. e. WeliZe, marTlmadidebluri xatmetyveleba, Tbilisi 2001. 

gansakuTrebiT 43-47, 91. 


242 saeklesio ierar... 4,1. is, rom saRvTo siqveleebi SeqmnisTanave iyo adamianSi da 

dacemulobis gamo Seiqna gansaaxlebeli, Sdr. wm. svimeon Tesalonikeli, pasuxebi 

gabriel pentapolelisadmi: “Segvqmna man Cven Tavisi xatisebr sakuTari xelebiT, 

STaamkvidra CvenSi gonismieri, moazrovne da mnebelobiTi suli, aRavso igi yvela 

sibrZniT da codniT, STanerga masSi saRvTo saTnoebaTa (θείας αρετής) yvela saxeoba” (PG 

155, 924) (ix. e. WeliZe, marTlmadidebluri... 103). 

243 ix. saeklesio ierar... 3,1 

244 Sdr. saeklesio ierar... 3,12. 

87

ganzomileba, imdenadve namdvilia Tandaswreba saRvTo evqaristiis 

ZRvenSi Tavad qristesi “Cveneburad saxovanyofa” 245 . 

amrigad, ganRmrToba da RvTisSemecneba xorcieldeba mxolod 

saeklesio ritualebis fonze. ganwmenda, ganaTleba da gansruleba 

dionisesaTvis ar aris erTmaneTisagan gancalkevebuli sulieri 

moRvaweobis etapebi, aramed, pirvel yovlisa, isini warmoadgenen 

saeklesio ritualebs _ naTlobas, mironcxebasa da evqaristias. 246 

cxadia, rom adamianSi “CaTesil RvTivsaxovan siqveleebs” aqvs 

asketur/moRvaweobiTi ganzomileba. ama soflis udaburobis velSi 

pirovnuli saRvTo trfialebiTi moRvaweoba da RmerTis mxridan 

pedagogika 247 farTo da gansxvavebul asparezs (TiToeuls _ 

gansakuTrebuli saxiT) uxsnis. magram am TiToeulad gansakuTrebuli 

moRvaweobis wyaro da mizani saeklesio misterialuri wiaRia. RmerTTan 

Sexvedra, misi codna da misi daunjeba “xdomobs” mxolod saeklesio 

ritualebis (romelTa sisrulec aris evqaristia) gamonaSuqis velSi, im 

velSi, romelic dionisesaTvis Taboris naTlis Rrublad Semoicavs 

tkiviliT dabinduli qveynierebas da qmnis mas ferTa harmoniad da 

simfoniad. 248 

Sejameba 

eklesiaSi, rogorc sicocxlis RmerTkacur erTobaSi, ziareba aris 

codna zogadi da gamaerTianebeli da ara subieqturad dacalkevebuli. am 

zogadobad gamaerTianeblis sazRvari daisaxeba saRvTo nasityvobebiT: 

imiT, rac Tqva da qmna RmerTma, imiT, rac RmerTis sityvebisa da 

saqmeebis mowmeebma Caweres da aRweres. anu, nasityvobaTa dacvis qveS 249 

myofobs saeklesio gamocdileba, romelic Tavs uyris subieqtur 

245 saeklesio ierar... 3,13. 

246 ix. Λ. Χρ. Σιάσος, Εραστές της Αληθείας... 97-98, 102, 105. 

247 Sdr. rusTavels 

ars pirveli mijnuroba ar daCena WirTa, malva, 

Tavis-wina igonebdes, niadagmca hqondes xalva, 

SoriT bneda, SoriT kvdoma, SoriT dagva, SoriT alva, 

daTmos wyroma moyvrisagan, misi hqondes SiSi, krZalva 

248 Sdr. p. iberi, Sromebi... 8: “[RmerTi iwodeba] brZnad da keTilad, rameTu yovelnive 

arsni upyrian, raTa ganuxrwnelad scviden TÂsTa bunebaTa sakuTrebasa; rameTu maSin 

aRsavse arian umetesiTa SuenierebiTa da saRmrToÁsa wesierebisa SewyobilebiTa (πάσης 

αρµονίας ενθέου και ιεράς ευπρεπείας), raJams TiToeulma daicvas wesi bunebiTi, viTar igi 

daibada” (saRvTo sax... 1,4). 

249 Sdr. p. iberi, Sromebi... 16: “eurvebis RmrTiv ganbrZnobilTa sityuaTa werilisaTa” 

(saRvTo saxel... 2,2). 

88

gamocdilebebs da gardaqmnis maT erT zogad saeklesio gamocdilebad. 

“nasityvobebis gagebasTan miaxleba, – wers berZeni filosofosi qristo 

ianarasi, _ uigivdeba areopagelis mier evqaristiis liturgiul 

xdomilebas, xdomobas, romelic Sekravs da avlens eklesias. da rogorc 

TiToeuli evqaristiuli Sekreba aris kaTolike/sayovelTao eklesiis – 

cxovnebis sayovelTao/zogad xdomilebis _ realizireba da gamovlena, 

amgvaradve, codna, romelsac iZleva nasityvobebi, ganuyofelia 

evqaristiuli xdomilebisagan, ganuSorebelia qristes sicocxleSi 

wilmqoneobisagan, mis sisxlsa da xorcSi ziarebisagan”. 250 

RvTisSemecnebis es evqaristiuli ganzomileba moicavs praqtikul- 

Teoriuli moRvaweobis mTel sferos, romelSic CarTulia mTeli 

adamiani misi yoveli sulieri da xorcieli ZalebiT. dionisesTan aseTi 

evqaristuli fsiqosomaturi erTianoba ki vlindeba evqaristiul 

anTropologiad. 

daskvnis magier 

Cven vTqviT, rom RvTisSemecneba aris is mdgomareoba, rodesac adamiani 

mraval sagnad gabneul sakuTar gonebas azrovnebiTad _ 

katafatikur/apofatikuri meTodiT _ Semohkrebs 251 da eqstazurad 

transcendirebs RmerTisaken. vTqviT, rom aseTi azrovnebisa da 

eqstazirebis impulsi momdinareobs misterialuri intuiciuri 

“gancdebidan” 252 da mimdinareoben isev misteriaTa misteriis, anu 

evqaristiis fonze (Tavad mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb traqtatSi 

locva aris is impulsi da veli, sadac apofatikuri meTodi gamoiyeneba). 

es aris gonebis wriuli moZraoba, rodesac, erTi mxriv, is uZravadaa 

SenarCunebuli Tavis TavSi, aris ra intuiciur/gancdiseulad 

koncentrirebuli RmerTze, da, meore mxriv, azrovnebiTad kvlav 

ukumobrundeba RmerTisaken. es yofna, gamosvla da ukumobruneba aris 

RmerTis yofnis Tavis TavSi, misi gamosvla/emanaciis da qmnilebis 

Tavisken aRzidvis/ukumobrunebis msgavsi. RmerTze misterialuri 

“gancdiT” koncentrirebul/fiqsirebuli goneba RmerTTan erTad 

250 Χρ. Γιανναράς, Χάϊντεγγερ και Αρεοπαγίτης... 122. 

251 saRvTo sax... 4,9: “erTis saxed Tavmoyra (ενοειδής συνέλξις)”. 

252 saRvTo sax... 2, 9: “ara mxolod swavlobs, aramed ganicdis saRvToT [saRvTo sagnebs] 

(Ου µόνο µαθών αλλά και παθών τα θεία)” aseve ix. iqve 7,3. 

89

“mogzaurobs” da “mimobneul” sagnebs erTian-yofs (aerTianebs) Tavis 

Tavsa da RmerTSi. amave dros, vnaxeT, rom imave “mogzaurobas” RmerTi 

axorcielebs ierarqiebis saSualebiT an, ufro sworad, Tavad 

ierarqiebSi. qmnili samyaros gasxivosneba xdeba ierarqiuli 

mRvdelmoqmedebiT. am mRvdelmoqmedebis ganmasrulebeli aris episkoposi, 

romelic mRvdelmoqmedebs misteriebs da misteriebis ganmasrulebeli 

evqaristiis misterias. amas ase aRwers maqsime aRmsarebeli, romelmac 

ganagrZo da daxvewa dionises Teologia saeklesio ierarqiis 

komentirebisas: 

“episkoposi aris yovelTa RmerTis xati. RmerTi rCeba ra marad sakuTari 

Tavis erTobasa da igiveobaSi, damkvidrebuli Tavis TavSi gamousvlelad, 

yovelTa cxovnebisaTvis Tavis gangebulebiTi energiebiT ganavrcobs 

yvelaze Tavisi sikeTis gamonaTebebs da aris yovelSi damswre sakuTari 

adgilidan mouSorebelad. aseve episkoposi, aris ra RmerTis 

mimsgavsebuli SeZlebisdagvarad da simbolo, rCeba ra Tavisive 

sadgomelze, rac aris misi saeklesio moTaveoba, gangebulebiTi 

kacTmoyvareobiT miemarTeba Camosasvlelad imisaken, vinc brundeba 

[kaTakmevelisaken] (kaTakmevlebi gamosaxaven kacobriobas da mTel 

qveynierebas –k.k). aswavlis, scxebs, dabeWdavs da naTlavs ra, mas 

gadascems ZRvens [ziarebas] (aq Cven SegviZlia, vigulisxmoT yoveli 

adamiani da, ra Tqma unda, goneba misi –k.k). [...] [daamTavrebs ra amaT], kvlav 

ukan brundeba samsxverplosaken, warmoadgens ra simbolurad RmerTTan 

dakavSirebulT: Tumca ki win wavida gangebulebiTad imis saxsnelad, vinc 

dabrunda, mainc ar ganeSora sakuTar saqmeebs da imas, rom imyofebodes 

Tavis saTanado adgilze, anu RmerTis xedvis (Teoriis) simaRleze. 

saRvToTagan, romelic aris neofitebis (mTeli qveynierebis – k.k) 

liturgia, kvlav brundeba saRvToTaken, Teologiuri xedvis raRac 

simaRleze amavali da zemimavali imisaken, rac unda suliwmidas”. 253 

amrigad, goneba “Tanamogzaurobs” 

RmerTTan, vinc qristeSi samyaros 

momkreb imave qristes mRvdelmsaxurebas qristes mier aRasrulebs 

evqaristiaSi episkoposis mRvdelmsaxurebiT. gonebis wriuli moZraoba 

CarTulia episkoposis mRvdelmoqmedebiT wriul moZraobaSi da mxolod 

amdenad SeZlebisdagvarad/damtevnelobisaebr aRasrulebs imas, rasac 

RmerTi aRasrulebs Tavis TavSi samyaros SemokrebiT. goneba sakuTar 

TavSi Semokrebil samyarosTan erTad evqaristiulad daivanebs RmerTSi. 

253 Μαξίµου του Οµολογιτού Σχολία εις τα του αγίου ∆ιονυσίου (maqsime aRmsarebeli, sqolioebi 

saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb 2,8), ΕΠΕ 14Τ, Θεσσαλονίκη 1993, 348. Sdr iqve 334, 366. В. В. 

Петров, Богословие Евхаристии в “Corpus Areopagiticum” и у прп. Миксима Исповедника... 3: “Служба 

синаксиса начинается процесии каждения. Иерарх начинает движение от алтаря, обходит все пределы 

храма, и возвращается обратно. Таким образом, воспроизводится триада: пребывание, исхождение, 

возвращение. Весь евхаристический ритуал становится подобным символом. Ломление хлеба и раздаяние 

чаши также рассматривается как символ божественного исхождения во множественность, а единотворящее 

причащение — как символ возвращения к Богу”. 

90

3. maqsime aRmsareblis evqaristiuli msoflxedva 

3.1. maqsime aRmsareblis Teologiis wanamZRvarebi 

3.1.1. RmerTsityvis logosebis tani da qmnilebis ontologiuri statusi 

qmnilsa da uqmnels Soris gansxvavebis doqtrina aris qristianuli 

Teologiis safuZveli da, amave dros, saeklesio mwerlebis Teologiuri 

azrovnebisa da, kerZod, gnoseologiis fuZemdebluri wanamZRvaria. es 

gansxvaveba ar gvxvdeba Zvel berZnul filosofiaSi, romelic aRiarebs 

erTi arsis monarqianizms da RmerTisa da samyaros ganuyofel 

dakavSirebulobas “arsebobis aucileblobaSi”. 254 

Zveli berZnuli azrovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel warmodgenas, rom 

arsebulni da materia (hule) maradiulad Tanaarseboben RmerTTan, 

maqsime aRmsarebeli ase gamoxatavs: 

“berZnebi, erTi mxriv, Tanamaradiulad amboben RmerTTan arsebulTa 

arsis Tanaarsebobas, meore mxriv ki, [amboben] mxolod Tvisebebis 

miRebulobas misgan [RmerTisagan]. arsSi winaaRmdegobas (εναντίον) ar 

amboben, [aramed aRiareben] mxolod TvisebebSi gansxvavebis arsebobas 255 

[...] berZnebis sityva (λόγος, azrovneba) aseTia: isini RmerTs aRiareben 

(εισάγουσιν, SemohyavT) aranairad arsis, [aramed] mxolod Tvisebebis 

Semqmnelad”. 256 

254 g. TevzaZe, antikuri filosofia, Tbilisi 1995, 83: “[platonis] demiurgi, rogorc 

pirovnuli RmerTi, romelic maradiul, magram qaoturad moZrav (da am azriT pasiur) 

materias aformebs kosmosad ideaTa samyaros nimuSis mixdviT (timaosSi). [...] maradiuli 

materia, rogorc uformo, araarsia (‘me on’) da sivrces uigivdeba. igi arc demiurgs 

Seuqmnia da nebiT arc emorCileba idealurs”; Sdr. Γ. Μαρτζέλος, Φιλοσοφία και Θεολογία στην 

Πατερική Παράδοση, ΕΕΘΣ (Επιστηµονική Επετηρὶς Θεολογικής Σχολής) τόµος 7, Θεσσαλονίκη 1977; Ν. 

Λουδοβίκος, Θεολογική ιστορία τηε Αρχάιας Ελληνικής Φιλοσοφίας, Θεσσαλονίκη 2003, 31-32, 36-37: 

“anaqsimandrem pirvelma SemoiRo pirveli elementi, romelic aris apeironi (άπειρον, 

usazRvro, dausazRvreli). [...] yoveli arsebulis sawyisi aris apeironi. [...] aseve 

aswavlida, rom moZraoba, romelSic iqmnebian cebi, aris maradiuli. [...] igi aris 

pirveli, romelmac gamoiyena sityva arqe (αρχή, sawyisi, Tavi, mizezi), rogorc 

specialuri cneba sawyisi arsisa, anu pirveladi masalisa, anu pirveladi mizezisa, 

romlisaganac momdinareobs yovelive. [...is aris] pirveli arsebuli (ον). [...] pirveli 

anaqsimandre mixvda, rom arsebobs saWiroeba raimesagan ipyrobodes da SenarCundebodes 

samyaro. anu, unda arsebobdes erTi centraluri ‘saSualo (ενδιάµεσον)’, romelic 

miscemda sazriss dapirispirebulobebs. [...] apeironi iwoda amgvarad imitom, rom 

SeuZlebelia, gaigivdes raimesTan, rac aris cnobili bunebaSi, radgan aris misgan 

safuZvlebrivad gansxvavebuli. amrigad, TiTqos laparakia saRvTo arsze, romelic aris 

transcendentaluri. [...] aris yoveli sagnis yovlismomcveli pirveladi arsi. [...] 

anaqsimandre apeirons aniWebs saRvTo Tvisebebs, mas uwodebs wauxdenels, dauberebels, 

maradiuls, waruwymedels, zustad aseTni unda yofiliyvnen homerosiseuli RmerTebi”. 

filosofiisa da miTosis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb Zvel saberZneTSi ix. Cveni 

naSromis me-5 Tavi. amjerad ki mxolod is gvinda aRvniSnoT: miuxedavad imisa, uSualod 

pirvelsawyisidan warmoiqmneba samyaro Tu “namdvilad myofisa” (ontos on) da materiis 

(me on) urTierTqmedebisagan, berZnuli azrovnebisaTvis samyaro/realoba mainc erTi 

mTliani, SeiZleba iTqvas, garkveuli azriT “gonier/pirovnuli” organizmia da am 

samyaro/realobaSi araferi warmoiSoba an Semodis absoluturi araraobidan. 

255 maqsime aRmsarebeli, siyvarulis Tavebi 3, 28 PG 90, 1025BC (Μάξιµος ο Οµολογήτης, Κεφάλαια 

Αγάπης PG 90, 559 -1083). am naSromSi maqsime aRmsareblis yvela teqsti (mcire gamonaklisis 

garda) mogvyavs Patrologia Greca -dan 

256 siyvarulis T... 4,6 PG 90, 1049A 

91

amrigad, maqsimes azriT, berZnebisaTvis mxolod TvisebebSi, e.i. arsebobis 

formaSi aris gansxvaveba RmerTsa da sagnebs Soris: samyaro 

ontologiurad RmerTis Tanamaradiuladaa mocemuli da misi arseboba 

aris aucilebeli da udavo sinamdvile. 

saeklesio tradicia am Caketili ontologiis nacvlad bunebas 

miiCnevda pirovnuli RmerTis mier “araradan” Seqmnilad. 257 qmnilebis 

arsebobis forma sruliad gansxvavebulia Semoqmedis arsebobis 

formisagan. pirveli sruliad aris damokidebuli meoris iniciativaze da 

Tavis TavSi ar gaaCnia sruli da absoluturi Tavisufleba. 258 adamianic, 

rogorc Seqmnili, arsebobs ara RmerTis SigniT, aramed mis winaSe da, 

amdenad, ukve aucilebeli da udavosa ara misi RmerTTan Tanamaradiuli 

arseboba, aramed dialoguri urTierToba, rogorc arsebobis erTaderTi, 

misTvis SesaZlebeli saxe. amave dros, radgan ara aqvs sicocxle Tavis 

TavSi, sWirdeba RmerTis realoba imisaTvis, rom icocxlos. 259 amis 

257 Вл. Лосский, Очерк мистического богослсвия восточной церкви... 153-154: “Античная философия не 

знала "сотворения" в абсолютном смысле этого слова. Демиург Платона - не бог-творец, а скорее 

устроитель вселенной. [...] Демиург создает субстанции, "оформляя" аморфную материю, которая 

извечно существует во вне. [...М]атерия сама по себе есть не бытие, а только чистая возможность 

бытия, возможность чем-то становиться; это то "не-бытие", µη ον , которое не есть абсолютное 

"небытие" – ουκ ον . Идея творения "из ничего" впервые была выражена в библейском повествовании: 

εξ ουκ όντων εποίησεν αυτα ο Θεος (2 Мак. 7, 28)”. Γ. ∆. Μαρτζέλος, Ουσία και ενέργειαι του Θεού κατά τον 

Μέγαν Βασίλειον, Θεσσαλονίκη 1993, 15-16: “berZnuli filosofia icnobs samyaros Seqmnis 

mxolod or saxes: 1. winarearsebuli Seuqmneli uformo materiis gaformebas, rogorc 

amas aRiareben magaliTad platoni da aristotele, 2. RmerTis arsisagan, rogorc amas 

aswavlian (Tumca ki gansxvavebuli saxiT) stoikosebi da neoplatonikosebi. orive 

SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia Sesaqme winarearsebuli raime masalis (an materiis an RmerTis 

arsis) gareSe. berZnuli filosofiis mixedviT, arafers SeuZlia warmoiqmnas 

arafrisagan da dasruldes araferSi/arafrad. amis sapirispiroa Sesaqmis Sesaxeb 

bibliuri swavleba. igi xedavs samyaros, rogorc arafrisagan warmomavals mxolod 

RmerTis Tavisufali nebisa da energiisagan/moqmedebisagan. [...] RmerTi, rogorc uqmneli, 

aris samyarosagan ontologiurad sruliad gansxvavebuli ram/vin. uqmneli RmerTi aris 

Seucvleli, wauxdeneli (uxrwneli) da ukvdavi, sicocxlis da wauxdenelobis wyaro, 

maSin roca samyaro, rogorc ‘ara ram arsebulTagan (εξ ουκ όντων) warmomavali 

arsebobaSi, bunebiT miidrikeba cvlilebis, waxdenis da sikvdilisaken”. 

258 Elizabeth T. Groppe, Creation Ex Nihilo and Ex Amore: Ontological Freedom in the Theologies of John 

Zizioulas and Catherine Mowry Lacugna, in Modern Theology 21:3 July 2005, 473, 475: “Freedom was given to 

man as a dimension of personhood, in order that the essential or natural between God and creation would not 

become distance… but… a realization of communion between the two. [...A]s a creature he cannot escape the 

‘necessity’ of his existence. [...] Thus the person as a being ‘subsists’ not as freedom but as necessity. As a result it 

does not have the power to affirm its hypostasis with absolute ontological freedom as I have described it above [on 

reference to God]: if it attempts to raise freedom to the level of its ontological absoluteness, it will be confronted 

with the dilemma of nihilism”. 

259 Sdr. Ι. Ζηζιούλας, Από το προσωπείο εις το πρόσωπο, περιοδικό Εποπτεία 73, Νοέµβριος 1982, 294, 297. 

Sdr. R.T. Wallis, Νεοπλατωνισµός... 174: “safuZvlebrivi gansxvaveba neoplatonizmsa da 

qristianobas Soris [aris] samyaros gonier/logikuri mowesrigebuloba da metafizikuri 

mowyaleba”. anu adamianis suls ar sWirdeba araviTari Sewevna imisaTvis, rom iarsebos 

(Sewevna SeuZlebelicaa, radgan neoplatonuri gagebiT RmerTi nebis mqone araa), erTi 

92

Sesaxeb maqsime laparakobs RmerTis SesaZlo Secnobadoba-Seucnoblobis 

konteqstSi: 

“raRacaSi Secnobadia RmerTi da raRacaSi Seucnobadi: Secnobadia imaSi, 

rac mis irgvliv [mis saqmeebsa da sagnebSi] ixilveba (τοις περί αυτό 

θεωρηµάσιν, mis irgvliv saxilvelSi) [da] Seucnobeli imaSi, rac is [Tavis 

arsSi] aris Tavis Tavad (τοις κατ᾽αυτό). ar eZio raime naTvisoba (έξεις, 

SeZenili mtkice Tviseba) da unari wminda samebis martiv da usazRvro 

bunebaSi, raTa ar gaxado igi Sedgenili iseve, rogorc qmnilebebi da 

uadgilo da arasasurveli ar iazro RmerTze. [igi aris] erTi, martivi 

da erTsaxovani, uTvisebo da wynari da uSfoTveli, usazRvro arsi da 

yovlisSemZle da Semqmneli yovelivesi _ yoveli qmnileba ki arsisagan 

da TanSemTxveulisagan (συµβεβηκότος) Sedgenilad arsebobs da rogorc 

cvlilebisagan araTavisufali, marad RmerTis mier zrunvis moqenea 

(επιδεής, msaWiroebelia)”. 260 

maqsimesaTvis samyaro da adamiani Seiqmna ara RmerTSi, aramed RmerTis 

mier arafrisagan. mas (adamians) aqvs ganxorcielebadi Tavisufleba (da, 

amdenad, ara absoluturad Tavisufleba). RmerTi ki aris samyarosagan 

sruliad damoukidebeli da arsebobs wminda samebis pirovnebebis 

Tavisufal urTierTziarebaSi. xolo rodesac ineba “Semoqmedma gaaarseba 

(ουσιώσαι) da win wamoswia arsebulebze masSi maradiulad 

winaswararsebuli codna. uadgiloa yoymani yovladZlier RmerTze 

SeuZlia Tu ara, gaaarsos ram, rodesac [is amas] inebebs”. 261 

qmnilebis mizezi ar momdinareobs Tavad qmnilebidan (Tumca ki es 

mizezi aris “CaTesili” Tavad qmnilebebSi), aramed gamomdinareobs mis 

gareT myofi sameba RmerTidan da, konkretulad, am RmerTis Tavisufali 

nebidan, vinc mouxmobs da saxelsdebs “ar arsebulebs, rogorc 

arsebulebs” (rom. 4,17). uqmneli buneba absoluturad da usazRvrod 

sxvaobs qmnilebis bunebisagan: “qmnilsa da uqmnels Soris usazRvroa 

Sualedi da gansxvavebuloba”. 262 

miuxedavad yovelive amisa, didi naprali, romelic aris adamiansa 

da RmerTs Soris, gadailaxeba RmerTis pirovnuli qmedebiT, upirveles 

yovlisa, misi Tavisufali SemoqmedebiTi energiis CareviT. igive energia 

mxriv, da, meore mxriv (qristianuli gageba), adamianis sulis arseboba sruladaa 

damokidebuli RmerTis keTil nebasa da ganwyobaze (ix. iqve 171-174). 

260 siyvarulis T... 4, 7-9 PG 90, 1049B 

261 siyvarulis T... 4,4 PG 90, 1048D 

262 sxvadasxva siZnelis Sesaxeb (Περί διαφόρων αποριών), 2 (9) PG 91, 1077 A. da sxvadasxva 

siZnele... 50 PG 91, 1172 D: “naprali aris WeSmaritad saSineli da didi RmerTsa da 

adamians Soris (χάσµα γαρ ως αληθώς φοβερόν τε και µέγα µεταξύ Θεού και ανθρώπων εστίν)”. ufro 

srulad am Temaze sxvadasxva siZnelis... 2 (9) PG 91, 1072 BC-1108 B ix. aseve ioane 

damaskeli, marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi gadmocema, 1,13 PG 94, 853 C. 

Sdr. Ι. Ζηζιούλας, Από το προσωπείο εις το πρόσωπο... 298. 

93

moqmedebs qmnilebebSi srulyofilebisaken maTs msvlelobaSic, anu 

Tavisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi. arsebulTa sicocxleSi am 

siyvarulismieri CareviT RmerTi Tavis Tavisaken miizidavs da amgvarad 

warmarTavs da sakuTar TavSi Semohkrebs am trfialebiTi moZraobis 

yvela mimarTulebis veqtors. 263 

dionise areopagelis kvaldakval maqsimes ontologia aris 

eklesiuri. arsebulTa eklesiur arsebobas igi gansazRvravs, rogorc 

ontologiis axal saxes – qmnilis da qmnilebebis uqmnelTan cocxal 

pirovnul urTierTobas, romelic xorcieldeba qmnilebis 

winmsvlelobisas maradiulobisaken, marad keTil(ad) yofisken (αει ευ είναι), 

romelic aris arsebobis erTaderTi WeSmariti gvari. 

qmnilisa da uqmnelis erToba ganxorcielda, upirveles yovlisa, 

RmerTsityvis gankacebiT. mis pirovnebaSi Seurevnelad da ganuyoflad 

dakavSirda qmnili uqmnelTan. amrigad, qristes mier da qristeSi 

samyaros qmnileba laitmotivad gasdevs maqsimes mTel Teologias, 

rogorc es mkafiod da srulad warmoCnda misi pasuxebisas monoTelitur 

gamowvevebze. 264 amasTan aris dakavSirebuli gnoseologiuri sakiTxic. 

Cven vnaxeT ukve, rodesac dionises gnoseologias ganvixilavdiT, rom 

qmnilisa da uqmnelis problema aris ara mxolod ontologiuri 

problema, aramed ukavSirdeba RvTisSemecnebis sakiTxsac da, metic, 

ganuyofelia misgan. rogorc zemoT moyvanili citatidan vnaxeT, iq, 

sadac maqsime laparakobs RmerTsa da adamians Soris usazRvro napralze 

da RmerTis iniciativiT mis energiul gadalaxvaze, iqve saubrobs 

RvTisSemecnebazec: “raRacaSi Secnobadia RmerTi da raRacaSi 

Seucnobadi: Secnobadia mis irgvliv saxilvelSi [da] Seucnobeli imaSi, 

263 Sdr. Π. Χρίστος, Άνθρωπος άναρχος και ατελεύτητος, Από την ανθρωπολογίαν του Μαξίµου του Οµολογητού 

«Κληρονοµία» τ. 12, τεύχος Β΄ΠΙΜΠ, Θεσσαλονίκη 1980, 256. ix. igive teqsti inglisurad 

http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/christou_maxim.html 

264 qristeSi ori nebelobis Sesaxeb ix. Maximos the Confessor: On the Free Will of Christ (The 

soteriological need for reciprocity), 

http://monachos.net/library/Maximos_the_Confessor:_On_the_Free_Will_of_Christ aseve A. Ian. McFarland, 

‘Naturally and by grace’: Maximus the Confessor on the operation of the will, Scottish Journal of Theology Ltd 

58(4): 410–433 (2005). aseve L. Feeney, Saint Maximus the Confessor, Saint Thomas Aquinas, and Christ’s Two 

Wills, http://brotherandre.stblogs.com/2007/11/14/saint-maximus-the-confessor-saint-thomas-aquinas-and-christstwo-wills/ 

94

ac is aris TavisTavad”. 265 dionises msgavsad, maqsimesTvis RmerTi 

Secnobadia mis moqmedebaSi da Seucnobeli _ arsSi. 266 

qmnilsa da uqmnels Soris kavSiri gamoixateba arsebulTa Sinagani 

struqturisa da Sedgenilobis SesabamisobiT RmerTis nebasTan, romelic 

aris TiToeuli qmnilebis RmerTSi marad arsebuli “gegma”. magram es 

Sesabamisoba vlindeba mxolod maSin, rodesac ontologiuri “naprali” 

gadailaxeba uqmnelis pirovnuli moqmedebebiT. aseve, es Sesabamisoba 

arsebobs, radgan TiToeul arsebulSi myofi elementi/stiqia, anu misi 

logosi 267 , aris is, rac maradiulobaSi nebavs RmerTs. amitom, arsebulTa 

logosebis codnas mihyavs RmerTis nebis SemecnebasTan. 268 

amrigad, arsebulTa grZnobad saxesTan erTad arsebobs maTi 

logosic, anu maTi saRvTo gangebulebaSi arsebobis logosi, romelic, 

amasTan erTad, aris maTi simboluri mniSvneloba. 269 maTi Seswavla da 

qmnili samyaros misterialuri da gamocxadebiTi struqturis gageba 

migviZRvis namdvil ontologiaSi, romelic ar Cans kosmologiur 

safexurze. 270 

maqsime Tavis TxzulebaSi sxvadasxva siZnelis Sesaxeb (ambigva 7) 

RmerTsityvas gansazRvravs arsebulTa ontologiur safuZvlad. erT 

265 Sdr. k. ueri, marTlmadideblobis gza, Tbilisi 2008, 11-12. 

266 Sdr. Γ. Μαρτζέλος, Κατάφαση και απόφαση κατά τον αγ. Μάξιµο τον Οµολογήτη, Πρακτικά ΚΑ΄Θεολογικού 

Συνεδρίου, Ιερά Μητρόπολις Θεσσαλονίκης, Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 160-161. 

267 Teodor tolefseni aRniSnavs, rom evropul enebSi logosi tradiciulad 

iTargmneboda, rogorc word da reason da verc erTi maTgani srulad ver gamoxatavda 

berZnuli logosis azrs. amitom igi Tavis naSromSi ar Targmnis mas da iyenebs termins 

logoi (ix. T.T. Tollefsen, The Christocentric Cosmology of St Maximus the Confessor... 64). Cveni mxriv 

gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom, marTalia, qarTuli sityva gulisxmobs pyroba/da-tyv-evebas da 

aseve ganayofierebas, rac Zalian axlos dgas maqsimeseul arsebulTa logosebis RmerTlogosTan 

mimarTebasTan, mainc igi mTlianad ver itevs cneba logosis azrs (mag., 

logosi, rogorc goni an mizezi), raSic, vfiqrobT, qvemoT mravalgzis davrwmundebiT. 

268 Ν. Ματσούκας, Κόσµος, Άνθρωπος, Κοινωνία κατά τον Μάξιµο Οµολογητή, Αθήνα 1980, 83. 

269 Sdr. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία, Θεσσαλονίκη 1992, 52 

270 Sdr ∆. Στανιλοάε, Εισαγωγή, Μυσταγωγία του Μάξιµου Οµολογητή, gamomc. «Αποστολική ∆ιακονία» 1997, 

22-23, 26: “maqsime aRmsarebeli icnobs logosis or mniSvnelobas: a) ontologiuri 

logosi, romelic gamoxatavs mTeli realobis mowyobas, anu sazriss. es TiToeul 

arsebuls aqvs da axasiaTebs, radgan aris Sinagani principi, romelic qmnis, 

organizirebs, inarCunebs da win swevs TiToeul arsebuls; b) logosi, romelic 

moqmedebs am ontologiuri principis mixedviT da romelic aqvs da axasiaTebs mxolod 

moazrovne (cnobier) arsebebs. [...] siyvarulis mier adamianuri logosi (azris unari) 

amoqmeddeba da saCino xdeba. [...TavisTavad igulisxmeba] sxeulisa da sulis 

simfoniuroba, radgan ... [adamianis sxeuls] RmerTSi sulTan saerTo erTi maradiuli 

logosi aqvs – adamianis logosi”. dawvrilebiT logosis cnebis istoriisa da Zvel 

berZnul azrovnebaSi egzemplarizmis Sesaxeb ix. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία… 97- 

106; T.T. Tollefsen, The Christocentric Cosmology of St Maximus the Confessor... 21-41. 

95

RmerTsityvaSi aris qmnil arsebulTa logosebis gansxvavebuloba, 

romlebic TavianTi TvisebebiT ar arian Serwymulni erTmaneTSi. xolo es 

mravali logosi erTi logosia, anu arian erTni erT RmerTsityvaSi da 

SenarCunebulni arian Seurevnelad masTan, romelic, aris ra Searsebuli 

da Segvamovnebuli mamaRmerTis logosi (ενούσιόν τε και ενυπόστατον), amasTan 

erTad, aris sawyisi, safuZveli da mizezi yovelivesi da, amgvarad, aris 

is, romelSic Seiqmna yovelive. 271 

amrigad, logosebsa da RmerTsityvas Soris arsebobs erTobac da 

gansxvavebac. 272 RmerTsityva qmnis arsebulebs maTi logosebis 

Sesabamisad Sesaferis dros: 

“xolo Seqmnilebis logosebi hqonda saukuneTa uwin daarsebulad 

(υφεστώτας, 273 arsebulad) da keTili nebiT maT mixedviT xiluli da 

uxilavi ararsebobidan Seqmna qmnileba [RmerTma]. sityviT da 

sibrZniT yovelive _ zogadad da saTiTaod _ qmna da qmnis Sesaferis 

dros”. 274 

Cans, rom maqsimesaTvis araferi ar aris SemTxveviTi da RmerTis 

ganzraxvis sawinaaRmdego. radgan logosebi RmerTis srulyofili da 

maradiuli nebelobebia, isini aucileblobiTad arian aseve 

srulyofilni da qmnilebebad ganxorcielebisas ar eqvemdebarebian 

aranair cvlilebasa da Selaxvas. 

keTili neba, RmerTsityvis pirovnuli Careva arsebulebis 

sicocxleSi da maTTan urTierToba, rogorc maTi RmerTSi wilmqoneobis 

(µετοχή) winapiroba, aris RmerTsityvis arsi. es garmoeba ki, ra Tqma unda, 

mianiSnebs RmerTsityvasa da qmnilebas Soris iseT Rrma ziarebas, rom 

maqsime (an “maqsime”) ambobs: “[saRvTo] goneba myofobs, namdvilad 

azrovnebs arsebulebs rogorc myofT. xolo Tu Tavis Tavze 

271 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 2 PG 91, 1080A. am naSromis pirvel TavSi (1.2.) ganvixileT 

Teologiur tradiciaSi RmerTis Zis, anu logosis qmnilebebis logosebTan mimarTebis 

sakiTxi. imave sakiTxze grigol noselis kreacionalur modelTan dakavSirebiT ix. e. 

WeliZe, wminda grigol noseli da misi Txzuleba, saqarTvelos saeklesio kalendari, 

Tbilisi 1989, 260-261, 268-272. igive sakiTxi basili didis gnosiologiasTan mimarTebaSi 

ix. Γ. ∆. Μαρτζέλος, Ουσία και ενέργειαι του Θεού... 130-138. 

272 P. Sherwood, The earliest Ambigua of S. Maximus the Confessor and his Refutation of Prigenism, Orbis 

Catholicus, herber Roma, 1955, 40, 46, 180. 

273 am terminis qarTuli Targmanis orazrovnebis Sesaxeb, anu imis Sesxeb, rom Tavad 

logosebi Seqmnilni Tu Seuqmnelni arian, Cven ukve aRvniSneT zemoT, pirvel TavSi (1.3). 

274 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 2 PG 91, 1080 AB. 

96

azrovnebisas arsebulebs moiazrebs, [maSin] igi aris [kidec] 

arsebulebi”. 275 

maSasadame, logosebi, romlebic arsebulebis RmerTsityvasTan ase 

mWidro urTierTobas gamoxataven, saRvTo arsebobis ara mxolod 

nebelobiTi gamovlinebebi arian, aramed RmerTis naazrevic, anu RmerTis 

sibrZnis garegamoCinebac: 

“amaT, romelTac wminda dionise areopageli logosebad ambobs, [wminda] 

werilis mier winaganzraxulebad da saRvTo nebelobebad wodebulad 

gvaswavlis [igi]. 276 [...] arsebulTa logosebi arian RmerTSi saukuneebze 

uwin winaswarSemzadebulni (προκαταρτισθέντες) [da] uxilvelad myofni ,_ 

[Tu] rogor, [es] Tavad [man] uwyis _, da romelTa keTil nebelobebad 

wodeba saRvTo kacebis Cveulebaa. [isini] qmnilebebSi azrovnebiTad 

ganiWvritebian. RmerTis yoveli qmnileba bunebis Sesabamisad Sesaferisi 

mecnierebiT (επιστήµη, codniT) azrovnebiTad ixilveba da, [amasTan erTad], 

romeli logosisamebrac isini Seiqmnen, [mas] dafarulad gvauwyeben da 

TiToeuli qmnilebis saRvTo mizans Tavis TavSi TanagamoaCenen. amitom 

cani Txroben RmerTis didebas da samyaro ki iuwyeba [misi] xelebis 

namoqmedars (fs. 18,2). xolo maradiuli Zala aseve aris arsebulTa 

Semamtkicebeli RvTaebrivi zrunva (η συνεκτική των όντων πρόνοια, 

winazrunva/winamogoneba/winaazrovneba) da misi Sesabamisi zrunvilTa 

ganmaRmrTobeli energia”. 277 

amrigad, logosebi ar arian RmerTisagan damoukidebeli “ideebi”, 

romlebic “SezRudaven” RmerTs Semoqmedebisas. isini arian RmerTsityvis 

“Searsebuli” da “Segvamovnebuli” saRvTo nebelobebi. Tumca isini 

saukuneTa uwinares arian daarsebulni RmerTSi, maT RmerTi arsebebad 

gaaarsebebs Tavisuflad, mxolod Tavis siyvariseuli nebiT, yovelgvari 

aucileblobis gareSe. 

qmnilebebis Sinagani struqtura, romelic RmerTis maradiuli 

wadilia, arsebobs, viTardeba, sruldeba da srulyofili xdeba 

RmerTsityvis mixedviT, 278 rac aris kidec samebis saerTo neba. samebis 

275 sqolioebi saRvTo saxelebis Sesaxeb 5,6, PG 4, 320 BC. ra Tqma unda, RmerTSi arsi da 

neba ar igivdebian, magram maqsimes (an “maqsimes”) _dionises kvaldakval_ ar eSinia 

erTgvari terminologiuri araTanmimdevrobisa. metic, SegveZlo gvefiqra, rom maqsime 

(an “maqsime”) aq termin arss iyenebs RmerTsityvis adamianur bunebasTan mimarTebaSi. anu, 

mxedvelobaSi SeiZleba gvqondes varaudi, rom RmerTsityvis gankaceba Tavidanve iyo 

RmerTis ganzraxva da rom logosebis saxiT gankaceba ukve imTaviTve, winasaukuneSi 

raRacnairad xorcieldeboda. am varaudze saubari gvqonda am naSromis pirvel TavSi 

(1.3). 

276 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 2 PG 91, 1085 A 

277 Talasesadmi 13, PG 90, 293D-296A. aqve maqsime logosebs ukavSirebs saRvTo sibrZnes 

(aseve RvTissityvas), romelic aseve Zevs arsebulebis safuZvelSi da Seamtkicebs maT. 

aseve logosebs akavSirebs saRvTo sicocxlesTan (anu suliwmidasTan), romelic aseve 

acocxlebs arsebulebs. amas yvelafers, maqsimes azriT, mihyavs adamiani samebis 

Semecnebamde, rac “dawyevlilebma” (κατακριτοί, dasjilebma, amaSi unda vigulisxmoT 

“gareSe filosofosebi”) ar/ver iswavles. 

278 Ν. Ματσούκας, Κόσµος, Άνθρωπος, Κοινωνία... 83. 

97

neba “gaarsdeba” qristes tanad da es aris qmnili samyaros eklesiuroba. 

xolo rodesac RmerTi azrovnebs sakuTar Tavs, igi winaazrovnebs 

(προνοεί), anu zrunavs da ganagebs da Semdeg (Semdgomoba aradroulia, 

radgan samyaro drosTan erTad iqmneba) qmnis samyaros (Tavis Tavze 

azrovnebisas arsebulebs azrovnebs, [maSin] igi aris [kidec] arsebulebi, 

ει δε παρ' εαυτού και εξ αυτού νοεί, αυτός εστίν α νοεί. [...] Ει ουν νοών εαυτόν τα όντα νοεί, 

αυτός εστί τα όντα 279 ). amrigad, samyaro aris RmerTis naazrevSi asaxuli 

Tavad RmerTi da amitom igi, samyaro, aris xati misi _ eklesiuri, ufro 

sworad, marad “gaeklesierebadi” samyaro aris samebis xati. 280 

am nebis gareT, is, rac aris arasasurveli da “maiZulebeli” 

RmerTisaTvis, aris “bunebis sawinaaRmdego” ararseboba, risi logosic 

ar arsebobs RmerTSi. 281 RmerTs ar nebavs arsebulebis armyofoba da es 

arsebebisadmi siyvaruli mas “aiZulebs”, daZlios arsebulTa 

ararsebobaSi darCena an misken (arafrisaken) midreka: 

“cudi (κακόν) arc iyo da arc aris da arc iqneba arsebuli sakuTari 

bunebiT. arc aqvs raime arsi, an buneba, an hipostasi, an Zala, an energia 

arsebulebSi. arc Tviseba aris, arc raodenoba, arc moTviseoba (σχέσις, 

mimarTeba, mimoTviseoba), arc adgili, arc dro, arc mdgomareoba, arc 

qmnadoba, arc Zraoba, arc mqonebloba (έξις, unari), arc vnebuloba, anu is 

rac bunebiTad ixilveba arsebulebSi. aseve, arc erT maTganSi aris 

bunebiTi aTvisebiT. arc dasawyisi, arc Sua, arc bolo aris, aramed, 

erTi gansazRvrebiT rom vTqva, cudi aris bunebaSi arsebuli Zalebis 

dasasrulisaken (sisrulisaken) [Zalisxmevis] moqmedebis ukmaroba da sxva 

araferi. da kidev: cudi aris mcdari gansjiT bunebiTi Zalebis saboloo 

miznidan gansxvavebulisaken ugunuri (αλόγιστος, ulogoso) moZraoba. 

saboloo miznad ki vambob arsebulebis mizezs, romelsac bunebiTad 

mieltvis yovelive, Tumca mzakvarma, ramdenadac metad SeeZlo, damala 

qmnilebisadmi Suri da arsebulebis mizezisagan sxva raimesaken 

279 sqolioebi saRvTo saxelebis Sesaxeb 5,6 PG 4, 320 BC. aRsaniSnavia, rom sqoliasti am 

nawyvetSi laparakobs neoplatonur hipostas “gonebaze”. Cven aq misi es msjeloba 

mogvyavs ufro “xatovnebisaTvis”, romelic, vfiqrobT, ufro intensiurs xdis 

Teologiur suraTs. amasTan erTad, faqtia, rom neoplatonuri saRvTo hipostasi 

“goneba” uigivdeba qristianul logoss da es ukanaskneli aris kidec Tavad RmerTi. 

280 Sdr. К. Скутерис, Церковь, "преисполненная Святой Троицей", Богословская Конференция Русской 

Православной Церкви, 17 - 20 ноября 2003 г, Москва 2004; iqve, Хр. Стамулис, Physis и agape. Применение 

тринитарной модели в экклезиологическом диалоге христианских Церквей; iqve, З. Дженсон, Некоторые 

тринитарные аспекты церковного единства. 

281 Sdr. sqolioebi saRvTo saxelebis Sesaxeb 4,30 PG 4, 301 D: “bunebis logosebi ar arian 

wesrigis gareSe. is, rac aris, gansazRvruli, mihyveba Tavis bunebis Sesabamiss. radgan 

gansazRvruloba aris kidec sagnebis bunebis gansamartavi sityva, romelic gamoavlens, 

ra iyo arseboba, radgan ra iyo arseboba igivea imisa, rac aris. amrigad, yovel 

bunebiTs aqvs gansazRvruli mizezi da misgan xdeba is, radac Seiqmna. da Tu cudi (κακό, 

boroti) aris umizezo, radgan ar moxda raimesaTvis, samarTlianad aris [nagulisxmevi] 

ganusazRvrelad, radgan ara aqvs raime logosi, romelic ganmartavda aucileblad, ra 

iyo arseboba, arc [imas rac aris] bunebis Sesabamisad. da Tu aris bunebis 

sawinaaRmdego, ar aris logosi garedan bunebis SigniT”. 

98

aamoZrava ltolva da cdunebiT (δόλω, tyuiliT) gadaarwmuna adamiani da 

amgvarad Seqmna mizezis ucodinroba”. 282 

cudi ar arsebobs RmerTSi. ar arsebobs arsebulebSic, radgan isini 

“arian” RmerTis keTili nebelobebi. RmerTs surs arsebulebis arseboba. 

xolo misi survili, cxadia, Seucvleli da, amdenad, miudrekelia 

ararsebobisaken: “Seunanebeli aris misi niWebi”. 283 boroteba arsebulTa 

ararsebobisaken midrekilebaa, romelsac maT ar anebebs RmerTi: “visi 

dabadebac saRvTo ganzraxvisamebr xdeba, misi arsebisamebr yofna 

narCundeba ararsebobisaken arsebobidan adgilSeucvleli”. 284 

Tumca arsebulTa logosi, romelic aris, rogorc marad mocemuli 

maTi Seqmnis sawyisi Zala, ucvlelia RmerTis nebelobaSi, mainc es 

mocemuli “arsebobis” saCuqari ar aris gasrulebuli adamianis mxridan. 

naCuqari arseboba mxolod sawyisia. adamiani mowodebulia, iRvawos 

Tavisi Tavisufali arCevanis mixedviT da moemzados saRvTo madlis 

asaTviseblad. es TavisuflebaSi mzardi “momzadebuloba” (επιτηδειότητα 285 , 

unari) aris sakuTari logosisamebr, anu logosis Sesabamisad sicocxle, 

anu keTil arseboba (ευ είναι). xolo es ukanaskneli gansruldebaα mxolod 

saRvTo madliT adamianis sakuTari moRvaweobiTi momzadebulobis 

Sesabamisad. aseT madliseul gansrulebas ki, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 

ewodeba marad keTil arseboba: “RmerTis siwmindeSi gonieri da Semmecni 

(noeruli) arsi wilmqoneobs Tavad arsebobiT da keTil arsebobiT 

momzadebulobis mieri _ sikeTes vambob da sibrZnes _ da madlismieri 

marad keTil arsebobiT”. 286 

amrigad, maqsimes TeologiaSi arsebulTa cxovnebis misaRwev gzas 

aqvs sami etapi, anu sami saxe (am sami saxis erTianoba RmerTsityvis 

gankacebam moitana, rodesac Tanamimdevrulad aRadgenda adamianis 

bunebas). es etapebia: arseboba, keTil arseboba da marad keTil arseboba, 

282 Talasesadmi, Sesavali PG 90, 253AC. Sdr. grigol noseli PG 46, 934 AB; grigol 

RvTismetyveli PG 36, 424A; aba doroTes PG 88, 1737D. 

283 siyvarulis T... 3,28 PG 90, 1025B 

284 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 109 PG 91, 1329B. zogadad borotebis Sesaxeb patristikaSi ix. Α. 

Θεοδώρου, Όψεις τινές της περί κακού, θεώσεως του ανθρώπου και ιερών εικόνων διδασκαλίας του αγ. Ιωάννου 

∆αµασκινού, Αθήνα 1972, 7-38; Ν. Ματσούκας, Το πρόβληµα του κακού, Θεσαλονίκη 1975 

285 areopagels saRvTo saxelTa... 3,1. efrem mciris mier ar aris Targmnili erTi sityviT. 

igi ase Targmnis pasaJs: “ganmzadebiTa TavisaiTa marjue yofad SeerTebisa mimarT 

RmrTisa”. gamodis, rom επιτηδειότητα aris mzadyofnis da unaris qonis (unarqonebis) 

erTianoba (gamzadebuli marjveoba) (ix. petre iberieli, Sromebi... 039). 


99

anu ganRmrToba: “[adamiani] aris RmerTis nawilaki, rogorc arseba 

RmerTSi arsebuli misi logosiT da rogorc keTili _ RmerTSi 

arsebuli misi keTil arsebobis logosiT da rogorc RmerTi RmerTSi _ 

arsebuli misi marad keTil arsebobis logosiT.” 287 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT: 

• arsebulTa arsebobis logosi aris maTi bunebiTi mdgomareoba, 

romelic maT miecaT RmerTis sikeTisagan. anu, is aris maTSi 

zegardamo mocemuli Zala, romelic “amoqmeddeba” sulis 

praqtikuli nawiliT moRvaweobiT, raTa isini (arsebulebi) 

ganviTardnen. maT amis SesaZlebloba misca RmerTsityvis gankacebam, 

romelmac aRadgina isini TavianT realur, anu codviT dacemamdel 

mdgomareobaSi. 288 

• keTil arseboba aris logosis Sesabamisi cxovrebis warmateba. 

aseTi cxovrebisas adamiani moRvaweobiT CarTulia arsebulTa 

bunebiT xedvaSi da es xedva (Teoria) mxedvelTan erTad marad 

gardaisaxeba (µεταµορφώνεται), rameTu sagnebi ganiWvritebian ukve 

jvarcmuli qristes siyvarulismier naTelSi. anu, am etapze samyaro 

“fers icvlis” moRvawis “feriscvalebasTan” erTad. 

• marad keTil arseboba aris bunebis uxrwneleba, romelic 

arsebulT eZleva, rogorc ram saCuqari qristes aRdgomis saRvTo 

naTelis maradmoZrav uZraobasa da uZrav TviTmoZraobaSi 

(ταυτοκινισία, εις ταυτότητα κινήσεως, igiveobrivZraoba). 289 igi aris 

WeSmariti msvlelobis sazRauri da aRvseba: “gonieri da Semmecni 

arsebis marad arseboba da ararseboba mis nebaSia, vinc yovelive 

keTilad Seqmna, xolo arCevanis mixedviT keTilad an cudad 

arseboba qmnilebebis nebelobaSia”. 290 

amrigad, keTilad arseboba miiRweva mxolod arsebebis Tavisufali 

arCevaniseuli moRvaweobiT. arsebobs sawinaaRmdego gzac: ganmxrwneli 

moZraobac – cudad arseboba (φευ είναι, avarseboba) _, romelic uZRvis 

marad cudad arsebobisaken. RmerTs awmyoSi upyria da inarCunebs 

287 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 2 PG 91, 1084 BC. Sdr. P. Sherwood, The earliest Ambigua... 170-174. 

288 pirvelqmnili codvis Sesaxeb ix. M.l. Boojamra, Original Sin According to St. Maximus the 

Confessor, St. Vladimir;s Theological Quarterly, 20 (1976) 19-30. 

289 Sdr. mistagogia 1 PG 90, 665A 


100

yovelives arsebobis da keTilad arsebobis Sesabamisad. xolo marad 

keTilad arsebobis Sesabamisad ki mxolod wmindanebs, angelozebsa da 

adamianebs aZlevs, TiToeuli – Taviseburad. xolo marad cudad 

arsebobas imaTi cxovrebis wesis nayofad gansazRvravs, vinc sakuTari 

nebiT airCia _ ara keTilad arseboba. 291 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, cudad arseboba aris qmnilebis 

arafrisaken dabruneba. misken moZraoba ki, cxadia, mxolod RmerTisagan 

ganSorebisas, misi nebis sawinaaRmdego arCevanisas xdeba. amgvari 

arCevaniT is Tavs igdebs safrTxeSi, rom “Tavad RmerTisagan 

ganSorebuli arseboba maTi ararsebobisaken gadavardes”. 292 

amrigad, boroteba vlindeba mxolod sakuTari logosis Seusabamo 

cxovrebiT ararsebobisaken nebayoflobiT mimarTebisas. xolo logosebis 

Sesabamis sicocxles adamiani mihyavs saRvToTa Semecnebisa da 

ganRmrTobisaken. 

maqsimes mTeli Teologia agebulia gankacebis centralur cnebaze. 

swored am cnebis mixedviT arsebulTa logosebi gaigebian mxolod 

RmerTsityvis gankacebasTan mimarTebaSi: 

“hqonda ra [Tavis TavSi] saukuneTa uwinares arsebulTa logosebi, 

keTili nebiT daarsa maT mixedviT xiluli da uxilavi da 

ararsebobidan SesZina [maT] buneba. sibrZniT da sityviT Sesabamis dros 

Seqmna da qmnis igi (Sdr. sibrZ. 9, 1-2) sayovelTaod da TiToeuls. [...] 

igive [RmerTsityva (Λόγος), romelic aris] yoveliveSi maT [qmnili 

sagnebis] mier TiToeulis analogiisamebr keTilmSvenierad Cvenebuli da 

gamravlebuli aris Tavis TavSi yovelives Tavmomyreli (efes 1,10). mis 

mierve wilmqoneobs RmerTTan [yovelgvari] arsebobac da yofnac 

[arsebobis gagrZeleba] da [aseve wilmqoneoben RmerTSi] misgan [Seqmnili] 

qmnilebi iseTebad, rogoradac iqmnen da risTvisac iqmnen da 

SenarCundebian da moZraoben”. 293 

amrigad, qmnilebebi agrZeleben arsebobas da moZraoben RmerTisagan 

winaswardasaxuli miznisaken da am moZraobisas RmerTTan maTi (mTlianad 

da TiToeulad) ziareba “xorcieldeba” ieso qristeSi, romelic aris 

yovelives “sawyisi, Sua da bolo” 294 da aseve aris 

“saRvTo sikeTeTa saxe, siqvelis Sesabamisi saxeobebi (τρόποι, gvarebi) da 

arsebulTa logosebi, romlebiTac RmerTi xdeba mTlianad adamiani: 

rogorc sxeuli, aqvs ra siqveleTa saxeobebi (τρόπους); [xdeba] suli, [aqvs 

291 sxvadasxva gangebulebiTi da Teologiuri Tavi 4,55, PG 90, 1329 B 

292 mistagogia 1 PG 91, 668 B 

293 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 2 PG 91, 1080 AB 

294 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 2 PG 91, 1217 CD 

101

a] sulismieri codnis logosebi, romlebic [siqvele da codna] 

RirseulT ganaRmrTobs, aZlevs ra Segvamovnebuli siqvelis saxes da 

Cuqnis ra ucdomeli codnis Searsebul arsebobas”. 295 

saRvTo miznisaken moZraoba aRsruldeba Tavad ganRmrTobili qristes 

sxeulSi. siqveleebi, anu praqtikuli moRvaweoba da adamianis sulSi 

arsebuli logosebis xedva xorcieldeba qristes tanSi, anu eklesiaSi 

misteriuli arsebobiT (naTlobiT da, upirveles yovlisa, rogorc es 

vnaxeT dionisesTan, evqaristiiT). amave dros, qristes adamianur 

bunebasTan misterialurad Searsebuli pirovnebis individualurpraqtikuli 

moRvaweoba koncentrirebulia individis sakuTar sulSi 

arsebuli logosebis SemoqmedebiT xedva-gamovlenaze. moRvawe sakuTar 

sulSi poulobs saRvTo logosebs da suli xdeba saRvTod cocxali 

realobis matarebeli, anu iqceva universumis SemoqmedebiT xatad. es 

Semoqmedeba aris saRvTo xelovneba. 296 xolo misi nimuSia igive suli, 

romelic samyaroSi proecirebs dasabamisas masSi (sulSi) CaTesil 

logosebs. aseT samyaroSi Wvrets igi qristes pirovnebis wiaR 

(mier/Tan/Si) sameba RmerTs, ra Tqma unda, saRvTo energiebSi. amgvarad, 

adamiani monawileobs samyaros qristes sxeulad gardaqmnaSi, anu 

ganRmrTobaSi. xolo samyaros ganRmrToba aris swored Sesaqmis 

Tavdapirveli mizani: RmerTsityva sxeulad Seisxams qmnil bunebas, raTa 

qmnili “RmerT-iqmnas”. 

aq kvlav vubrundebiT imas, ris Sesaxebac mokled visaubreT pirvel 

TavSi (1.2). anu, RmerTsityvis samyaroSi ganxorcieleba xdeba ara mxolod 

erTi gziT. igi ganxorcieldeboda da ganxorcieldeba sami saxiT. magram 

axla gvinda warmovaCinoT, rom arc erTi am samTagani ar aris danarCeni 

orisagan izolirebuli movlena. samiveni gulisxmoben erTmaneTs. metic, 

RmerTsityvis adamianad ganxorcieleba gangrZobili movlenaa. anu, 

TiToeuli adamiani sakuTari ZalisxmeviT “aRasrulebs/ganagrZobs” 

RmerTistyvis ganxorcielebas sakuTar (adamianis) individSi da individis 

wiaR samyaroSi. maS ase, arsebobs RmerTsityvis samgvari ganxorcieleba: 

pirveli _ RmerTsityva samyaroSi ganxorcieldeba arsebulTa 

logosebis saxiT. Tavdapirvelad RmerTsityva ganxorcielda samyaroSi: 

295 sxvadasxva gangebulebiTi da Teologiuri Tavi 1,78 PG 91, 1285 CD. Sdr. Α. Ραντοσάβλιεβιτς, 

Το µυστήριον της Σωτηρίας κατά τον Άγιον Μάξιµον τον Οµολογιτήν, Αθήνα 1975, 34-39. (sadoqtoro 

disertacia) 

296 amgvari xelovnebis Sesaxeb ix. naSromis bolo TavSi 

102

“Tavis Tavis CvenTvis gamouTqmelad damfarveli arsebulTa logosebSi 

TiToeuli xilulis Sesabamisad, rogorc asoebis mier, gamoisaxeba 

(υποσηµαίνεται, qveiniSneba)”. 297 am mistiur ganxorcielebebSi RmerTsityva 

daifareba qmnilebis safars qveS: “ifareba gamoCinebuli yovelTa 

Semoqmedi da kanonmdebeli logosi, romelic aris bunebis mixedviT 

uxilavi, da gamoCndeba [narCundeba ra iyos] dafaruli”. 298 

meore _ RmerTsityva mistiurad ganxorcieldeba morwmuneebis 

siqveleebSi, 299 vinc jvars-ecmian moRvaweobiT, 300 aRdgebian da 

amaRldebian moRvaweobis ganmasrulebeli sulismieri madliT 301 da 

saidumloTa saRvTismetyvelo xedvebiT (θεωρίαν). 302 

mesame saxiT RmerTsityva gankacdeba werilSi: 

“RmerTis logosi ara mxolod imitom iTqmeba xorcad (σαρξ, sxeulad), 

rom gankacda, aramed imitom, rom RmerTis sityva Tavdapirvelad 

RmerTTan da mamasTan mimarTebaSi martivad gagebuli da yovelTa 

Sesaxeb cxadi da SiSveli WeSmaritebis saxeebis mqone [Tavis TavSi], ar 

moicavs igavebs da gamocanebs (αινίγµατα, miniSnebebs), arc ambebs, 

romlebic saWiroeben ganmartebebs. rodesac dasaxlda adamianebTan 

([maTTan], visac ar SeeZloT SiSveli gonebiT SiSvel Sesacnobs (νοητοίς, 

noeturebs) Seaxlebodnen), maTi Cveulebisamebr [maTTan] mosaubre ambebis 

da miniSnebebis da igavebis da bundovani sityvebis simravlis mier 

297 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 95. PG 91, 1285 C 

298 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 22. PG 91, 1129 C 

299 Talasesadmi... 3, PG 90, 273A-276A da iqve 8, PG 90, 285A: “RmerTi bunebiTad aris 

WeSmaritad naTeli da myofobs [maTSi, vinc] masSi [anu RmerTSi] siqveleebiT msvlelobs 

(dadis) _ maTSi, vinc xdeba WeSmariti naTeli. iseve, rogorc yoveli wmindani 

saRvToTmoyvareobis gziT bunebiTad naTelSi wilmqoneobiTi naTeli xdeba, aseve 

[RmerTi] wilmqoneobiT naTelSi bunebiTi kacTmoyvareobis gamo xdeba naTeli. Tuki 

varT siqvelis da codnis mixedviT, rogorc naTlis wiaR RmerTSi, Tavad RmerTic, 

rogorc naTeli, naTlis wiaR aris CvenSi. bunebiT naTeli RmerTi mimsgavsebaSi xdeba 

naTelad, rogorc xatSi arqetipi. ukeTesad [rom vTqvaT]: naTeli aris RmerTi da am 

naTelSi, ese igi ZeSi da wminda sulSi, aris ra ara sxva da sxva da sxva naTeli, 

aramed bunebiTad erTi da igive, [xolo] arsebobis gvariT samnaTeli (τρισσοφαές, 

samgamonaTeba, sambrwyinvaleba)”. 

300 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 120 PG 91, 1360B: “rogorc TiToeuli qristes morwmune sakuTari 

ZaliT da mas daqvemdebarebuli siqvelis naTvisobiT da TvisebiT jvarsecmis da 

Tanajvarsecmis qristes, qristes avlens sulierad Tanjvarcmuls. TiToeuli 

Taviseburi siqvelis gvariT sakuTar Tavs xdis jvarcmis Sesaferiss”. 

301 sxvadasxva gangebulebiTi da Teologiuri T... 2.27, PG 90, 1137 AB: 27. “Tuki CvenTvis 

RmerTis sityva uZlurebaSi jvars-ecva da [Semdeg ki] RmerTis siZliereSi aRdga [maSin] 

cxadia, rom CvenTvis imaves sulierad iqms da ganicdis (πασχει, vnebulobs) marad da 

xdeba ‘yvela yvelasaTvis’, raTa acxovnos yvela. [...] [mociquli ambobs, rom] TiToeuli 

[adamianis] Zalis Sesabamisad RmerTis sityva xdeba [sxvadasxva ramed]. jvars-ecmis jer 

kidev moRvawobiT SemsvlelTaTvis keTilmsaxurebaSi, romlebic saRvTo SiSis gamo 

jvars-acvamen Tavis vnebiseul energiebs. aRdgeba da zecaSi adis maTTvis, vinc 

ganimosa vnebebiT da cdunebiT xrwnili Zveli adamiani da Seimosa mTlianad 

suliwmidis mier xatad RmerTis Seqmnili axali da am Tavis TavSi [SeZenili] madlis 

mier mamasTan iqmna [ayvanili]”. 

302 sxvadasxva siZnelis... 143 PG 91, 1385 B: “amaRldeba ra sityva, masTan erTad adis is, 

vinc Tana-amaRldeba mis zemoTken mimzidvel sityvasTan erTad, iwyebs ra praqtikuli 

Teologiis siqveliseul saxeobebidan, rogorc ram miwidan, xedvis (θεωρίαν) Sesabamisi 

codnis sulieri zecisaken mipyrobili”. 

103

TanaSekavSirebuli xorci xdeba. ara SiSvel sityvas mieaxleba Cveni 

goneba pirveli SeaxlebiT, aramed ganxorcielebul sityvas, ese igi 

sityvebis simravles. aris ra bunebiT sityva, xolo SexedulebiT sxeuli 

(σαρξ), bevrs eCveneba, rom xedavs sxeuls da ara sityvas, Tumca ki 

namdvilad aris sityva. ara rac mravals eCveneba, is aris werilis azri 

[νούς, goneba], aramed sxva miuxedavad moCvenebulisa. sityva TiToeuli 

dawerili sityviT xdeba xorci”. 303 

yovelive amis gamo maqsime mouwodebs morwmuneebs, ar gaxdnen berZnebis 

msgavsad sityvis mkvlelebi, romlebic Tayvans scemdnen ufro metad 

qmnilebas, vidre Semoqmeds, asos, vidre suls, imis gagebis gareSe, rom 

“Cvenebr, Cven gamo, CvenTvis qmnili xorcis mier da [sityvis] marcvlebSi 

da asoebSi Sezrsqelda grZnobebisaTvis (grZnobis organoebisaTvis, 

sagrZnobelTaTvis)”. 304 radgan RmerTsityvis gankaceba, rogorc misi 

Tavdapirveli SemoqmedebiTi (e.i. nivTis da sxeulis Seqmnis) energiis 

gagrZeleba, avlens mis namdvil sayovelTaoobas “xorcsa da sulSi”. 

amrigad, RmerTsityvis ganxorcielebiTi energia saCinos xdis, rom am 

energiaSi wilmqoneoba adamianis mxridan xdis mis Semecnebas uSualos, 

sayovelTaosa da adamianis bunebis ganmasrulebels, anu 

ganmaRmrTobels. 305 

dabolos, maqsimes mixedviT adamiani samyaroSi RmerTsityvis 

WeSmariti simbolo da saxea. ra zomiTac igi Tavisi gonebiTi 

moRvaweobiT gadalaxavs da aRemateba daqucmacebul Tavis bunebas, im 

zomiTve Seimecnebs Tavis arsebobis sazriss, anu logoss. amitomac 

maqsime logosebs uwodebs codnas. arsebulTa codna aris is, risi 

meSveobiTac vlindebian am arsebulebis logosebi da am gziT Seicnoba 

da aRiarebuliqneba RmerTsityva. 306 

303 sxvadasxva Teologiuri... 2,60 PG 90, 1149C-1152A aseve iqve 2, 41-42 PG 90, 1144 AC 

304 

sxvadasxva siZnelis... 22 PG 91, 1129 CD. dionisesTan vnaxeT, rom wm. werilis 

ritualizireba xdis mas qristes tanad. aseve naSromis me-5 TavSi SevxvdebiT, rom 

werilis asoebis dramatuli, anu RvTismsaxurebaSi ritualuri amokiTxva Seiqms 

eklesias qristes xorcad. 

305 Sdr. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 117-120. 

306 Α. Βλέτσης, Το προπατορικό αµάρτηµα στη Θεολογία Μαξίµου του Οµολογιτού... 73-74. am wignSi 

moyvanilia maqsimes citata: “ixile, rom logosebs codna uwoda. xolo Tu logosebi 

codna aris, man vinc Seicno logosebi, man mTlianad Seicno logosi da logosis mama”. 

Έργα θεολογικά και Πολεµικά, PG 91,188 BD, Προς Θαλάσσιον da Περί διαφόρων απόρων PG 90, 381C (Cven 

igi ver moviZieT maqsimes miTiTebul SromebSi) 

104

3.1.2. arsebulTa logosebi da saRvTo energiebi, rogorc qmnilebis 

Tavisuflebis garemo 

aSkaraa, rom maqsimesaTvis saRvTo energias aqvs erTgvari kavSiri 

logosebTan. RmerTi moqmedebs sakuTari nebiT da, cxadia, am nebis 

nebelobebis (nebebaTa), anu logosebis mixedviT. metic, SegviZlia vTqvaT, 

rom energia momdinareobs arsebiTi logosisagan: 

“Tuki [qriste] Seicavs bunebis arsebiT logosebs, romelTa hipostasic 

aris TviTon, gasulierebuli xorcis bunebiTi energiac unda hqondes, 

romeli energiisac bunebaSi aqvs CaTesili arsebiT logoss. xolo Tu 

aqvs adamianuri bunebiTi energia, romelic [Seudgenlad] Seadgina 

bunebis logosma, [maSin mas is aqvs] ise (analogiurad), rogorc RmerTs 

aqvs energia, romelsac gamoaCens zearseba RvTaebis logosi”. 307 

amrigad, logosi kavSirSia arsebasTan da mis (arsebis) bunebiT 

energiasTan (mas “gamoaCens”): “eseve goneba gaigebs ra yvela arsebebSi 

logosebs da Wvrets ra maT uamravs da usazRvrod, Seimecnebs maT wiaR 

RmerTis gansxvavebul energiebs”. 308 

gamodis, rom maqsimesaTvis RmerTSi arsebisa da energiis 

gansxvaveba dakavSirebulia arsebebis logosebTan, romlebic arian 

RmerTis Tavisufali nebelobebi da saRvTo siyvarulis garegamovlineba. 

es ki niSnavs RmerTis pirovnul arsebobas, misi personis Tavisuflebas, 

romelic “xdis pirovnebad arss” 309 da, amave dros, amJRavnebs energiebis 

pirovnul xasiaTs. es aris qmnilebasa da Semoqmeds Soris, aseve Tavad 

qmnilebebs Soris, pirovnuli urTierTobis mudam Ria SesaZlebloba: 

“ara raimes moqene iyo zesavse RmerTi, rodesac arsebobaSi Semoiyvana 

qmnilebebi, aramed imisaTvis [Semoiyvana], rom TavianTi SesabamisobiT 

wilmqoneobdnen mis netarebSi da rom igi xarobdes Tavis qmnilebebiT 

imis xedviT, rom uxariaT maT da daunayreblad nayrdebodnen marad 

verdasanayrebeliT”. 310 

meore mxriv, energiisa da moZraobis urTierTdamokidebuleba ganmartavs 

adamianis bunebas, rogorc qmnilebas, romelic moZraobs, icvleba da 

amaRldeba. moZraoba aris qmnili bunebis Tviseba, misi vnebuloba, anu 

ganmcdelobis da, amasTan erTad, gardasaxvis (feriscvalebis) unari. 

amitom mTeli qmnileba ar aris Tavisufali moZraoba-cvlilebisagan da 

damokidebulia RmerTis SemoqmedebiT, nebelobiT da trfialebiT 

307 Sromebi Teologiuri da polemikuri, PG 91, 36B da iqve PG 91, 137A: “yvelas gvaqvs 

logosi da misi bunebis Sesabamisi energia”. 

308 sxvadasxva siZnele... 22 PG 91, 1256 C 

309 Ι. Ζηζιούλας, Από το προσωπείο εις το πρόσωπο... 299. 

310 siyvarulis T... 3,46, PG 1029C 

105

energiaze. pirovnuli ziareba am trfialebiT energiaSi, romelic badebs 

qmnilebis gardasaxvisaken (transformaciisaken) moZraobas, ukve aris 

qmnilebis Tavisuflebis gamovlineba. saRvTo energiis moRvaweobiTi 

aTviseba gamovlindeba samyaroSi upirvelesad qmnilebebs Soris 

sasiyvarulo urTierTobaSi. daqucmacebul samyaros RmerTsityvis 

logosebis tanad Semkvreli saRvTo energiis veli Seiqsoveba 

adamianTaSorisi pirovnuli sasiyvarulo urTierTobis ZalwirebiT: 311 

“yovelives keTilad Semqmnelis nebaSia gonieri (λογικήν) da moazrovne 

(νοεράν) arsis maradarseboba an ararseboba; xolo arCevanis mixedviT 

keTili an cudi arseboba qmnilebebis nebelobaSia. ara qmnilebebis 

bunebaSi (περί την ουσίαν, arsebis garSemo) ixilveba cudi, aramed mcdar da 

ugunur moZraobaSi. keTilgonierad moZraobs suli, rodesac misi 

ndomobiTi (επιθυµητικόν) [nawili] TavSekavebiT aris gapoxierebuli 

(πεποίωται, xarisxmicemuli, xarisxovanqmnili); gznebiTi (θυµικόν) 

siyvarulisagan ipyroba siZulvilisagan ukuSeqceuli; xolo moazrovne 

(λογιστικόν) RmerTisaken miiyvaneba locviT da sulieri xedviT. ara aqvs 

sruli siyvaruli da arc saRvTo winaazrovnebis (προνοίας, zrunvis) 

siRrmiseuli codna, vinc gansacdelis Jams ver sulgrZelebs momxdar 

samwuxaroze, aramed moswyvets Tavis Tavs sulieri Zmebis siyvaruls. 

RmerTis winaazrovnebis mizani aris cudis (κακία, sicudeebis, codvis) 

mier mravlad danawevrebuli swori rwmeniTa da sulieri siyvaruliT 

gaerTianeba (ενοποίειν, erTyofa). radgan imisaTvis itanja macxovarma, rom 

RmerTis gafantuli Svilebi Tanmoiyvanos erTad; visac ar surs, zidos 

mZime da aitanos samwuxaro da arc moiTminos mtkivneuli, RmerTis 

siyvarulisa da winaazrovnebisagan gareT daabijebs. Tuki siyvaruli 

sulgrZelia da mowyaleobs, maSin sulmokle mowevnul samwuxaroebze da 

maT gamo gamzakvrebuli damamwuxreblebze da maT mimarT siyvarulisagan 

Tavis Tavis momwyveti rogor ar ganeSoreba saRvTo winaazrovnebis 

mizans?” 312 

RmerTis bunebis Zala aris unari (δύναµις, faculty), xolo energia, anu 

moZraoba aris unaris amoqmedeba (use of the faculty). maqsime ganasxvavebs ori 

saxis energias _ imanentursa da gardamavals (transitive). imanenturi ar 

qmnis Tavisi bunebisagan gansxvavebuls, gardamavali ki _ piriqiT. 313 aseve, 

maqsimesaTvis Zala aris bunebis moZraoba energiisaken, energia ki Tavad 

311 Sdr. Χ. Σταµούλης, Φύση και Αγάπη, Θεσσαλονίκη 1999, 48: “[...] namdvil SeerTebas RmerTsa da 

adamians Soris marTlmadideblur tradiciaSi aqvs esqatologiuri ganzomileba. ra 

Tqma unda, dasasruli (τα έσχατα, esqatoni) ar ekuTvnis mxolod momavals. [...] esqatologia 

sruliadac ar gamoricxavs istorias” da 50: “amrigad, maqsimes mixedviT, eSmakma 

acduna adamiani da amgvarad miiyvana misi buneba danawevrebamde. es aris adamianis 

saerTo bunebis gayofis arsobrivi istoriuli momenti da, amavdroulad, RmerTisa da 

adamianis urTiarTziarebis SeCerebis zRvari”. amdenad, RmerTsa da adamians Soris 

namdvil erTobas mosdevs adamianebs Soris “erTarsobis” kvlavaRdgena, ganxorcieleba 

da ganvrcoba, rac aris istoriis SigniT dawyebuli esqatologiuri aRmasvla 

maradiulobaSi. 

312 siyvarulis T... 4,13-18 PG 90, 1052AC 

313 P. Sherwood, The earliest Ambigua... 111-112, 122. 

106

Zalis moZraobaa. 314 SegviZlia, vigulisxmoT, rom swored am gzis 

gasayarze “dgas” logosi. Zala aris bunebis potenciuri energia. es aris 

imanenturi energia, romelic ar qmnis arafers, garda Tavis Tavisa. 

aRiZvreba ra es Zala, xdeba gansxvavebulis Semoqmedi 

(amoZravebuli/kinetikuri) energia. magram, gansxvavebuli ar iqmneba 

spontanurad, aramed “gaazrebuli” nebis Tanaxmad. es gaazrebuli neba 

aris logosi. maSasadame Zala, “ver” aRiZvreba, Tu ar iqna logosi. aqedan 

gamomdinareobs logosebis pirveladoba energiasTan mimarTebaSi. amave 

dros, rom ar iyos logosi da iyos spontanuri moZraoba, ese igi 

imanenturi energiis “pirdapiri” gadasvla transitiurSi, maSin iqneboda, 

ase vTqvaT, bunebiTi gadadineba qmnilebebSi, rac gvaqvs panTeistur 

modelSi, sadac pirovnebiseuli aqtiT ar aris qmnileba gaSualedebuli 

RmerTis bunebisagan. rom iyos qmnili buneba gansxvavebuli saRvTo 

bunebisagan, maT Soris unda iyos sxva ram da es sxva ram unda iyos 

pirovnuli aqti. xolo pirovnul aqts, Tavis mxriv, sWirdeba 

pirovnebisave gadawyvetileba, anu azri da neba, rasac maqsimesaTvis 

warmoadgens kidec logosi, anu RmerTis nebeloba-azri. amis Sesaxeb 

nikolaos ludovikosi ambobs: 

“vxedavT, rom uqmneli logosi muSaobs, rogorc uqmneli energiis 

‘sazRvari’ da ‘ganmsazRvreli’ ara im gagebiT, rom aris misi ‘momcveli’, 

aramed im gagebiT, rom eqsistencialurad (Teologiuri azrovnebisaTvis 

daSvebiTad, anu ‘mogonebiTad/κατ’επίνειαν’ rom vTqvaT) winmswrebia 

RmerTSi. [...] ar arsebobs Teoriulad aucilebeli da savaldebulo 

mizezi, gavaigivoT uqmneli logosebi uqmnel energiebTan maTi 

Teologiuri gamokvlevis mcdelobisas – Tumca RmerTSi maTi gansxvaveba 

ar aris realuri: es gansxvaveba TeoriaSi Semoitaneba imisaTvis, rom 

gavaanalizoT maTi erTmaneTTan morgebuloba. anu, am igiveobas unda 

SevxedoT, rogorc saRvTo nebis mis [RvTaebis] uqmnel energiebSi 

dasrulebulobas”. 315 

xolo, radgan RmerTi bunebiT “siyvaruli ars” (1 ioane 4,16), amitom misi 

myofoba Zalad, misi aRZvra da gaformeba logosSi da misi moZraoba 

uqmnel, magram mqmnel aqtSi, anu energiaSi, aris trfialebiTi 

garegamosvla, eqstazi qmnilebisaken da, amave dros, sapasuxo 

trfialebiTi eqstazis – qmnilebebis misken da erTmaneTisken _ aqtiuri, 

anu CareviTi molodini. anu, RmerTi ara pasiurad elodeba qmnilebis 

misken “garegamosvlas” (rogorc saxarebiseuli uZRebi Svilis mama), 

314 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 153. 

315 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 156. 

107

aramed aqtiurad “Caereva” admianis sicocxleSi (cxovrebaSi) da iwvevs 

Tavisken “aRswrafvas”, radgan 

“ara raimes moqene iyo zesavse RmerTi, rodesac arsebobaSi Semoiyvana 

qmnilebebi, aramed imisaTvis [Semoiyvana], rom TavianTi SesabamisobiT 

wilmqoneobdnen mis netarebSi da rom igi xarobdes Tavis qmnilebebiT 

imis xedviT, rom maT uxariaT [rom mas uxarodes, rodesac xedavs Tavisi 

qmnilebebis sixaruls]”. 316 

moZraobis, logosisa da energiis es mimarTeba rom gadmovitanoT 

adamianis doneze, miviRebT Semdegs: 1. energia aZlevs sazriss moZraobas, 

radgan es ukanaskneli aris pirvelis sawyisi forma; 2. amave dros, 

energia rom iyos misi (moZraobis) konkretuli “saxe” da mizani, unda 

arsebobdes moZraobis logosi, rac igive iqneboda, rac energiis logosi; 

3. es ukanasneli, Tavis mxriv, aris RmerTis nebaSi daarsebuli 

konkretuli arsebis logosi, anu konkretuli arsebis, adamianis “saxe” 

an, gnebavT, simbolo. 

amrigad, TiToeuli arsebis sakuTari energiiT gansazRvruli 

bunebis aRmavali moZraoba Tavis gapirovnebulobisaken niSnavs RmerTis 

energiasTan sakuTari moqmedebis Tanxvedras, anu RmerTTan 

TanamSromlobas. es ki, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs misi bunebiTi logosis 

SeZlebisdagvarad wvdomas da mimsgavsebas, radgan “yoveli bunebis 

ganmsazRvrelad daadgina [RmerTma] arsebiTi energiis logosi”. 317 

amrigad, RmerTSi nebelobiTi moZraoba aris trfialeba qmnilebisadmi, 

misi energiebis gamoCena imisaTvis, rom Tavad es RmerTi misive 

logosebSi Seicnos adamianma masTan pirovnuli Sexvedrisas. 

aqedanve momdinareobs maqsimesTan bunebiT da arCeviT (γνωµική, 

gnomikuri, jerCinebiTi) nebaTa Soris gansxvaveba. erTi mxriv, bunebiTi 

neba aris dakavSirebuli moZraobasTan da bunebis ZalasTan: “nebeloba 

(θέληµα) aris bunebiTi, anu [aris] nebeba (θέλησιν), aris ra bunebis 

Sesabamisi wadiliTi (ορεκτική) Zala da bunebis arsebiTad yoveli Tvisebis 

Taviseburebebis Semkvreli”. 318 gnomikuri neba aris Tavisufali moZraoba 

da pirovnebis Tviseba: “TviTarCeviTi biZgi daadgina TiToeuli 

qmnilebiseuli gadaxvevis da ara bunebis, aramed ufro pirovnebisa da 

316 siyvarulis T... 3,46 PG 1029C 

317 sxvadasxva siZnele... 5 PG 91, 1049 B. 

318 Sromebi Teologiuri da polemikuri... PG 91, 12C 

108

hipostasis momniSvnelad.” 319 RmerTSi aris mxolod bunebiTi neba, radgan 

masSi ar aris araviTari arCevani, aramed mxolod wadiliTi Zala. xolo 

adamianSi aris bunebiTi nebac da gnomikuric. mas SeuZlia, uari Tqvas 

masSi CaTesili logosis Sesabamis moqmedebaze. magram es ukiduresi 

SemTxvevaa. ufro zogadad rom vTqvaT, adamiani Tavad gansazRvravs 

Tavisi gnomikuri nebiT Tavis logosTan Sesabamisobis xarisxs da misi 

pirovnuloba vlindeba swored Sesabamisobis xarisxis matebis 

pirdapirproporciulad. adamianis pirovnulobis sisrule iqneboda misi 

gnomikuri nebis sruli Tanxvedra mis bunebiT nebasTan. axla swored am 

Temis, anu pirovnebisa da misi bunebis mimarTebis sakiTxis ganxilvaze 

gadavdivarT. 

saeklesio tradiciaSi IV saukunidan aqtiurad Semodis pirovnebis cneba 

da ukavSirdeba trinitarul kamaTebs, romelSic wamyvani da 

damasrulebeli roli kabadokiel mamebs hqondaT. rogorc ukve 

aRvniSneT, maqsimesTan pirovnulobis Tema ukavSirdeba buneba-energiis 

problemas. xolo Tavad buneba-energiis Tema ZiriTadad aseve 

kabadokiel mamaTagan momdinareobs. kerZod, yvelaze metad basili didma 

da grigol noselma daakonkretes es sakiTxi. maqsimesaTvisac arsi aris 

bunebis, anu arsebobis logosi da gansxvavdeba arsebobis gvarisagan 320 : 

“sxva aris arsebobis (είναι, yofnis) logosi da sxva rogor-arsebobis 

gvari (του πως είναι τρόπος), pirveli bunebad da meore gangebulebad 

(οικονοµίαν) gvwams (πιστούµενος, isarwmunoeba)”. 321 bunebis logosi asaxavs 

TiToeuli arsebulis struqturasa da mis arsebiT Semadgenels, saerTo 

logoss, romelsac eziareba yvela arsebuli. xolo arsebobis gvari aris 

gansxvavebuli hipostasi (gvamovneba), arsebulis bunebis logosis 

Sesabamisad garegamovlenili energia: “adamianis bunebis logosi aris 

suli da sxeuli. gonieri sulisagan da sxeulisagan aris buneba, xolo 

319 Sromebi Teologiuri da polemikuri, saRvTo nebelobebis Sesaxeb 2 (Περί θεληµάτων β΄ 

του ενός Χριστού του Θεού ηµών) PG 91, 192, AB 

320 Sdr. P. Sherwood, The earliest Ambigua... 161. 

321 sxvadasxva siZnele... 5 PG 91, 1052 B. bunebis logosis da arsebobis gvaris Sesaxeb ix. Ν. 

Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 146-151. 

109

gvari aris wesi imis, rac bunebiTad moqmedebs da imoqmedeba (εν τω ενεργείν 

και ενεργείσθαι)”. 322 

arsebobis gvaris cnebam maqsimesTan SeiZina gansxvavebulobis 

mniSvnelobac da, amdenad, wminda samebasTan mimarTebaSi hipostasisac: 

“monada aris Seurevneli bunebiT da misi Sesabamisi martivi logosiT 

hipostasebis wminda sameba. xolo sami aris hipostasebiT da gvariT 

wminda monada”. 323 metic, maqsime arsebobis gvars aigivebs pirovnebasTan 

da amiT kabadokielebis pirovnulobis ontologias aZlevs saboloo 

saxes 324 : “gvarSi pirovnebebis gansxvaveba (παρηλλαγµένον των προσώπων) saqmis 

mixedviT Seicnoba, logosSi ki bunebiTi energiis ganusxvavebloba”. 325 es 

niSnavs, rom arsebulTa logosebi Rebuloben Tavis namdvil hipostass 

mxolod “pirovnebebis gansxvavebulobaSi”, mxolod rogorc pirovnebebi 

da Seicnobian pirovnebaSi. 326 

aRsaniSnavia, rom termin hipostass Zvel berZnul filosofiaSi ar 

hqonda pirovnebis mniSvneloba. igi iyo arsis igiveobrivi cneba. 

magaliTad, plotinTan azrovneba (νόηση) da samyaros suli (ψυχή του κόσµου) 

ganisazRvreba, rogorc sawyisi hipostasebi (αι αρχικαί υποστάσεις) da cxadi 

xdeba, rom RmerTi da samyaro ganixileba, rogorc mTliani da 

ganuyofeli erToba arsebobis aucileblobaSi. 327 hipostasisa da 

pirovnebis gaigiveba daiwyo kabadokielebTan da maqsimesTan ukve 

sabolood Camoyalibebuli xasiaTi miiRo. rogorc ukve vTqviT, terminis 

mniSvnelobaSi aseT cvlilebas hqonda erTgvari eqsistencialuri 

ganzomileba da eklesiuri xasiaTi. hipostasi da pirovneba ukve aRar 

aris arsebulis erTgvari kategoria, aramed Seadgens, anu “qve-Sedgmulia” 

Tavad arsebuls _ aris arsebuli TavisTavad. arsebuli, buneba, 

322 sxvadasxva siZnele... 5, PG 91, 1400 AB. polikarp Servudi paralels avlebs aristoteles 

swavlebasTan: pirveli arsi aris gvari da meore arsi ki logosi. mas miaCnia, rom 

logosisa da gvaris gansxvaveba gamoxatavs iZulebasa da Tavisuflebas Soris 

antinomias, romelic axasiaTebs bunebisa da pirovnebis urTierTmimarTebas (P. Sherwood, 

The earliest Ambigua... 36, 81-82.). 

323 mistagogia 23, PG 91, 701, A 

324 J. Zizioulas, Being as Communion, St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, N.Y. 1985, 87-88. saRvTo hipostasebs 

kabadokielebTanac ewodebaT pirovnebebi. aq igulisxmeba, rom pirovnebis ontologia 

dasrulebuli saxiT moicema arsebobis logos-gvaris konteqstSi. 

325 Sromebi Teologiuri da polemikuri 1 PG 91, 137 A. Sdr. grigol noseli PG 32.336 C 

sadac pirovneba aris arsebobis sakuTrobrivi niSani (ιδιάζον σηµείον, kerZo niSani) 

326 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 140. Sdr. ioane damaskeli, marTlmadidebluri... PG 

94, 1001 D: “arsi TavisTavad ar arsebobs aramed hipostasebSi ixilveba”. 

327 plotin, enadebi 5, 1. 

110

arsebobs pirovnebaSi, rac (ufro sworad, vinc) aris misi sawyisi, fuZe, 

“gamaarsebeli”. 328 pirovneba isaa, vinc moqmedebs _ moqmedeba ki bunebisaa. 

es ukanaskneli, Tavis mxriv, moqmedebis gareSe ararsebulia. amitom, 

maqsimesaTvis buneba arsebobs mxolod maSin, Tu saxezea pirovneba, vinc 

mas amoqmedebs. buneba ar arsebobs pirovnebis gareSe iseve, rogorc 

umoqmedod anu uenergiod: 

“romeli bunebaa umoqmedo da da fizikuri energiis gareSe? rogorc 

arsebobis gareSe araa, aseve araa bunebiTi Zalis (δυνάµεως) gareSe. Tu am 

ukanasknelis umonawiloa, maSin arsebobis umonawilocaa, radgan 

sruliad uZaloa (αδύναµον) da rogorc umoqmedo, mxolod ararsebulia. 

[...] energia ver iqneba bunebiTi energiis gareSe, iseve, rogorc ar aris 

arsis da bunebis gareSe. [...] energia moqmedTan (ενεργούντα) da buneba, vinc 

arsebobs (υφεστώτα, qve-Se-dgmulobs) [masTan] mimarTebaSia. amrigad, 

saWiroa SeerTebisaTvis da pirovnebis mxoloobisaTvis erTi vTqvaT 

moqmedis energia da amis gamo ki, vinc arsebobs (εφεστώτος, 

qveSedgmulobs), [imis] erTi buneba vauwyoT”. 329 

amrigad, RmerTi ar arsebobs mxolod bunebis gamo 330 , ar aris erTi 

ontologiuri mocemuloba, aramed arsebobs, rogorc pirovneba. arsebobs, 

rogorc mamis pirovneba, romelic TavisuflebiT Sobs Zes da gamoavlens 

suliwmidas. 331 samyaros mimarT RmerTis siyvaruli ar aris misi arsis 

emanacia, aramed siyvaruli misi arsebobaa: “RmerTi siyvaruli aris” (1 

ioane 4,16). amrigad, pirovneba aris arsebulebis “bunebiTi” hipostasi, 

maTi logosis Sesruleba, pirovnuli urTierTobis xdomileba da codna 

am ziarebis wiaR. 

maSasadame, maqsimesTan pirovnebis cneba dafuZnebulia wminda 

samebis pirTa misteriaze da ganimarteba amave saidumloTi: 

“monadaa WeSmaritad sameba, radgan is [sameba] ase aris da sameba aris 

WeSmaritad monada, radgan [monada] ase myofobs (υφέστηκεν). radgan aris 

ra erTi RvTaeba, aris monadurad da myofobs (υφιστάµενη) samebrivad. 

xolo gaigone ra moZraoba (moZraobis Sesaxeb), gagikvirda, Tu rogor 

moZraobs zeusazRvro RvTaeba, [radgan] aris ra [moZraoba] Cveni da ara 

misi atributi (το πάθος, vnebuloba, vneba), [radgan Cven] pirvelad misi 

logosiT gavsxivosndebiT da mxolod Semdeg vnaTldebiT, Tu rogori 

gvariT myofobs (υφεστάναι), radgan jer gaiazreba arseboba da [Semdeg] 

rogor-arseboba. amrigad, RvTaebis moZraoba aris gamocxadebiTad 

328 

erTgvari safuZvlebrivi sawyisi stiqia, petriwiseuli “kavSiri”, arsebulad 

“SemakavSirebeli”. 

329 

Sromebi Teologiuri da polemikuri, nebelobebis Sesaxeb... 2 PG 91, 200Β 

330 Sdr. grigol palama, wmindad memyudroebebisaTvis (hesiqastebisaTvis) (υπέρ των ιερώς 

ησιχαζόντων), 3, 2-12: “da mose ar ambobs RmerTze, rom man Tqva ‘me var arsi’ aramed [rom man 

Tqva] ‘me var myofi’. ara arsisagan aris myofi, aramed myofisagan aris arsi, radgan 

myofi Tavis TavSi Seicavs (συνείληφεν) arsebobas”. 

331 Ι. Ζηζιούλας, Από το προσωπείο εις το πρόσωπο... 294. 

111

dadgenili codna arsebobis Sesaxeb da [imis] Sesaxeb, Tu rogor myofobs 

(υφεστάναι). [xolo es] maTTvis, visac aqvs unari miiRos is [es codna]”. 332 

amrigad, adamiani jer arsis Sesaxeb gansxivosndeba codniT, 

romlisaTvisac SeiZleboda gvewodebina intuiciuri codna. mas Semdeg, 

rac adamiani moRvaweobiTad gaiRrmavebs am codnas, anu moipovebs unars 

ufro sruli codnisaTvis, maSin is ganaTldeba hipostasebis an 

hipostasuri arsebobis Sesaxeb codniT. codnis gaRrmavebis es procesi 

igiveobrivia adamianis mier sakuTari Tavis Semcnebis procesisa da, amave 

dros, aris sakuTari pirovnebis, TviTis qristeSi Semokreba/Seqmna. 

dionisesTan Cven vnaxeT, rom TviTis qristeSi es Semokreba/Seqmna 

upirvelesad misterialur/evqaristiuli procesia da es asevea 

maqsimesTanac. anu, qmnileba mxolod RmerTsityvis adamianuri bunebis 

wiaR Tanaarsebobs RmerTSi. adamianis pirovneba am gziT xdeba sivrce, 

sadac cxaddeba gankacebuli RmerTsityva da, amasTan erTad, aris 

adamianisadmi mimarTuli RmerTsityvis sityvebSi, saqmeebsa da movlenebSi 

CarTviT moniSnuli RmerTTan ziarebis adgili. 

amave konteqstSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT maqsimes Sexeduleba 

adamianis Tvisebebze. igi ganasxvavebs oTx Tvisebas, romelic RmerTma 

Canerga adamianSi: 

“qmnida ra gonier da moazrovne arsebas, [Tavis] umaRlesi sikeTis gamo 

RmerTma arsebulTa SemanarCunebeli da damcveli da macxovnebeli oTxi 

saRvTo Tviseba Seaziara [maT]: arseboba, marad-arseboba, keTiloba da 

sibrZne. amaTgan ori misca arss, xolo ori _ nebayoflobiT (γνωµική, 

arCeviT) momzadebulobas (επιτηδειότητι). bunebas misca arseboba da marad 

arseboba, xolo nebayoflobiT (γνωµική) unars (επιτηδειότητι) keTiloba da 

sibrZne imisaTvis, rom, rogorc Tavad aris arsobrivad, [iseTive] gaxdes 

qmnilebac wilmqoneobiTad (µετουσία, TanaSearsebiT). amis gamo iTqmeba 

RmerTis xatisebr da msgavsebisebr qmnilad: xatisebr, rogorc arseboba 

da maradarseboba, Tumca ar aris dausabamo, magram [aris] dausrulebeli. 

xolo msgavsebisebr [iTqmeba] rogorc keTilis [msgavsi] keTili da 

rogorc sibrZnis [msgavsi] sibrZne da bunebiT [RmerTis msgavsi] madliT 

[RmerTi]. RmerTis xatisebri aris yoveli gonieri buneba, xolo 

msgavsebisebri mxolod keTilebi da brZenebi”. 333 

“xatisebri” aris cneba, romelic gamoxatavs adamianis pirovnebis 

ontologiur safuZvels, erTgvar maradiul potencias. “msagavsebisebri” 

ki a am potenciuri Tvisebebis Tavisufali amoqmedebaa da maTi am gziT 

“gapirovnebuloba”. mxolod amgvarad Camoyalibebuli, anu marad 

332 sxvadasxva siZnele... 2 PG 91 1036C 

333 siyvarulis T... 3,25 PG 90, 1024BC 

112

Camoyalibebadi pirovneba Seicnobs RmerTs: “moazrovne da gonieri arseba 

wminda RmerTs eziareba Tavad arsebobiT da keTil-arsebobis unariT 

(keTilobas vambob da sibrZnes), maradarsebobas ki _ madliT. es [buneba] 

RmerTs Seicnobs”. 334 

QqristeSi realizdeba umaRlesi xarisxiT “msgavsebisebri” da masSi 

xedavs adamiani Tavis namdvil pirovnulobis saxes. anu, adamiani mxolod 

Tavis pirovnebaSi vlindeba, rogorc sakuTar TavSi erTiani da 

igiveobrivi. xolo am ukanasknelT ki mxolod qristesTan mimarTebaSi 

poulobs, romelmac [qristem] “qmnili buneba uqmnels siyvaruliT 

SeaerTa da erTad da imaved 335 gamoaCina madlis naTvisobis Sesabamisad, 

mTliani mTlianad ganmsWvala (περιχώρησας, garSemocva) RmerTiT”. 336 

maSasadame, maqsimes TeologiaSi pirovnebis cneba Tavisi 

mniSvnelobiT aris mTavari ontologiuri faqti. pirovneba aris yoveli 

arsebulis namdvili urTierTobisa da SekavSirebulobis ZiriTadi 

principi. igi yoveli adamianuri azrovnebisa da filosofiuri 

meTodebisaTvis miuwvdomeli saidumloa. isaa “ganuyofeli” da 

“Seurevneli” siyvarulis misteria, romelic aResruleba qristes 

334 iqve, 3.24 PG 90, 1024AB 

335 Sdr. IV msoflio krebis (451 w.), qalkidonis orosi (gansazRvreba): “amrigad, mivyvebiT 

wminda mamebs da 1. yvelani TanxmobiT vaswavliT erTi da imave Cveni Ze ufali ieso 

qristes aRiarebas, imaves srulyofils (sruls) RvTaebriobaSi da imaves srulyofils 

(sruls) adamianobaSi, RmerTs WeSmaritad da adamians WeSmaritad, imaves gonieri 

sulisagan da sxeulisagan, mamis Tanaarss RvTaebriobiT (RvTaebriobis mixedviT, 

RvTaebriobaSi) da imaves Cvens Tanaarss adamianobiT (adamianobis mixedviT, 

adamianobaSi), yvelafriT Cvens msgavss codvis garda; saukuneTa uwin mamisagan Sobils 

RvTaebriobiT (RvTaebriobis mixedviT), xolo bolo (dasasrul) dReebSi imaves [Sobils] 

CvenTvis da Cveni xsnisaTvis RvTismSobel qalwul mariamisagan; 2. erTsa da imave 

qristes, Zes, ufals, mxoloSobils (dasabamSobils, pirvelSobils, erTaderTSobils), 

or bunebaSi Seurevnelad (Seurwymelad), Seucvlelad (ucvalebelad), ganuyofelad, 

ganuSoreblad (ganucalcalkeveblad) Secnobads; 3. aranairad bunebebis gansxvavebis 

gauqmebas SeerTebis gamo, [piriqiT] metadre ki TiToeuli bunebis Tvisebis SenarCunebas 

SeerTebuls (Tavmoyrils) da erT pirovnebaSi da erT gvamovnebaSi (hipostasSi); ara or 

pirovnebaSi dacalkevebuls (ganawilebuls) an gayofils, aramed erTsa da imave Zes 

mxoloSobils, RmerTis sityvas (logoss), ufal ieso qristes, rogorc adridan 

(maRlidan) winaswarmetyvelebi mis Sesaxeb da Tavad ieso qriste Cven gvaswavlida 

(gvmoZRvravda, aRgvzrdida) da [rogorc] mamebisagan gadmogveca simbolo (mrwamsi)”. 

336 

sxvadasxva siZnele... 103 PG 91, 1308 B. Sdr. Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник, 

Византийские отцы V-VIII веков, Париж 1933, 214: “hipostasuri SeerTebiT mTeli adamianuri 

qristeSi ganimsWvala RvTaebiT da gaxda ganRmrTobili (Sdr. gavarvarebul rkinas – 

avt). aq adamianuri mocemulia axali da araCveuli arsebobis saxiT. es dakavSirebulia 

sityvis mosvlis mizanTan, radgan igi gaxrwnadi bunebis ganaxlebisaTvis ‘gaxda xorci’, 

swored arsebobis axali saxisaTvis. [...] adamianuris ganRmrToba ar aris misi STanTqma 

da galRoba. piriqiT, swored RmerTisadmi aseTi mimsgavsebisas adamianuri namdvilad 

xdeba is, rac igi aris TavisTavad, da es imitom, rom adamiani Seqmnilia RmerTis 

xatisebr da mowodebulia msgavsebisaTvis. qristeSi umaRlesad da zRvrulad 

aRsruldeba es mimsgavseba, romelic adamianurs gaamyarebs namdvil bunebriv 

TaviseburebaSi”. 

113

pirovnebaSi da cxaddeba mis “wyalobaSi” “gafantulebis” “sinaqsisSi” 

SekrebiT, namdvil saeklesio gamocdilebaSi, romeli gamocdilebac 

dadasturdeba suliwmidiT. 337 

maqsime arsebulebs aTavsebs RmerTsa da adamians Soris pirovnuli 

urTierTobis velSi da maT (da maTTan erTad mTel samyaros) 

“gaapirovnulebs” imgvarad, rom maT xdis misarTmevelad (δόµατα) da 

saCuqrebad (δώρα). es ukanasknelni logosebis saxiT im mizniT miecemian 

adamians, rom isini miiRon da Semdeg kvlav ukumiuZRvnan RmerTs: 

“amgvarad, filosofosi goneba (φιλοσοφωτάτος νους, metad mefilosofose 

goneba) bunebis TiToeuli logosisa da gvaris (τρόπον, saxis) Sesabamisi 

codniT miaRwevs [im mdgomareobas, rodesac] rogorc mcodne, eziareba 

arsebebis sulier logosebs _ rogorc RmerTis mier qmnilebebis saxiT 

moZRvnil saCuqrebs (δώρα); xolo rogorc moRvawe (πρακτικός), arsebebis 

bunebiTi kanonebis [cxovrebis] saxeebiT (τροποις, gvarobebiT) mbaZveli 

[moRvawe] [am kanonebs] misarTmevlebad (δόµατα) Rebulobs da, [amgvarad, 

sakuTari] cxovrebiT Tavis TavSi gamoaCens saRvTo sibrZnis 

didadmSvenierebas, romelsac uxilavad Tanatareben (εµφερόµενης) arsebebi. 

[...] Tuki vinme ityvis amasac, rom sityva (werili) [Tavisi] uwyebiT 

gansazRvravs RmerTis winaSe saCuqrebis (δώρα) mitanas (προσφερέσθαι, 

mirTmevas), raTa [am gziT] warmoadginos saRvTo keTilobis usazRvrooba, 

[romelic] Cvengan ZRvnad Rebulobs misarTmevelT (ως δώρα τα δόµατα), 

romlebic TiTqos aranairad ar arian [mis mier] winaSemotanili 

(προεισενεγκούσης, Seqmnili] da yvelafer amas CagviTvlis Cvens Senatanad 

(εισφοράς), [amgvari raimes mTqmeli] arafers ambobs Seusabamos. [igi] 

miuTiTebs Cvendami RmerTis mravali da gamouTqmeli keTilobisaken, 

radgan [RmerTi] iRebs Tavisas, rogorc Cvengan misdami mirTmeuls da 

CaTvlis maT valis ganmaSorebel [ZRvnad]”. 338 

moRvaweobiTi siyvarulis gaziarebiT pirovneba ganxorcieldeba Tavis 

ukidures TviT-miZRvnaSi. es TviT-miZRvna aris filosofia, rogorc, erTi 

mxriv, praqtikuli, anu cxovrebis yaida da, meore mxriv, Teoriuli, anu 

Semecnebis mudmivi procesi. aseTi filosofiuri, anu praqtikul- 

Teoriuli urTierTziarebisas vlindeba pirovnuli Tavisuflebis 

mwvervali. RmerTisadmi arsebulebis erTmaneTisadmi da RmerTisadmi 

Tavisufali miZRvna (romelic saboloo da sruli saxiT xorcieldeba 

evqaristiaSi) am ukanasknelis mxridan miiCneva, rogorc TiTqos 

ararsebobidan arsebobaSi Semotanili namdvili da unaklo ZRveni da ara 

337 Sdr. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 212. 

338 Talasesadmi... 51, PG 90 481CD. sityvebs εµ-φερ-οµενης, προσ-φερ-έσθαι, προεισενεγκούσης (προεισφορά), 

εισ-φορά aqvT saerTo fuZe φορ-άω, rac niSnavs tar-ebas da amitom Cven isini 

gadmovitaneT iseTi qarTuli SesatyvisebiT, romelTac aqvT saerTo tar-is msgavsi tan 

fuZe (mi-tana, Sena-tani, Semo-tana). es mcire niuansia, magram mocemuli pasaJis 

konteqstSi sityvis fuZis aseTi TamaSiT maqsime, vfiqrobT, Segnebulad usvams xazs 

qmnilebis (RmerTis mier προ-εισ-φορά) da evqaristiuli ZRvenis (am SemTxvevaSi εισφορά/προσ-φορά) 

igiveobas. 

114

mxolod Tavisi keTilqmedebebis sapasuxo sazRauri an gamosasyidi. 

adamiani erTveba Sesaqmis aqtSi. amgvarad, Tavad Sesaqme vlindeba, 

rogorc evqaristiuli aqti, es ukanaskneli ki, Tavis mxriv _ rogorc 

filosofiuri, anu Teoriul-praqtikuli sicocxliseuli movlena. 

3.2. RvTisSemecneba da siyvaruli maqsime aRmsarebelTan 

3.2.1. RvTisSemecneba da praqtikuli moRvaweoba 

pirovnebis Tavisufleba aris asketuri moRvaweobis warmateba, romelic 

mimarTulia siyvarulis realizebisaken, radgan siyvaruli 

ganxorcieldeba da imoqmedeba mxolod siyvaruliseuli konkretuli 

saqmeebiT, mxolod egocentrulobisa da Tavmoyvareobisagan Tavisufal 

atmosferoSi. 339 

maqsimesaTvis Tavmoyvareoba (φιλαυτία 340 ) aris vnebebisagan bunebiTi 

nebis degeneracia, anu misi gamovlinebebis dafantuloba. asketuri gza, 

romelsac moRvawe mihyavs pirovnebis erTianobisaken, aris vnebuli 

survilebisagan Tavisufali msvleloba, romlis saboloo mizania 

pirovnebaSi erTiani nebis aRdgena. es ki miiRweva mxolod maSin, rodesac 

adamiani qristes mowodebas dadebiTad pasuxobs, raTa mTeli qmnileba 

Seikribos mis (qristes) sxeulad. 

saeklesio asketikis Sinaarsi Zevs adamianis praqtikul 

gadawyvetilebaSi, dainaxos sakuTari pirovnuli gaucxoebuloba 

individualuri nebelobis mier gamovlenili mravalgvari tiraniisas. 

individualuri nebelobis gamovlinebebi, romelsac, garkveulwilad, 

339 berZeni Teologi niko macukasi (1934-2007) aRniSnavs, rom siyvarulis praqtika aris 

iaraRi, upirveles yovlisa, Surisa da siZulvilis dasaZlevad, “romlebic, ara mxolod 

iSviaTi aris monastrul garemoSi, aramed, piriqiT, mZlavrobs kidec iq, radgan am 

garemoSi gansakuTrebuli ZaliT erTmaneTs Seejaxebian satanuri da angelozuri 

Zalebi”. amrigad, maqsimesaTvis, siyvarulis konkretuli saqmeebi aris Zlieri brZola 

satanuri borotebis fesvis, egocentrulobis, anu Tavmoyvareobis winaaRmdeg (Ν. 

Ματσούκας, Κόσµος, Άνθρωπος, Κοινωνία... 24). aseve, gosbert biamungu ganmartavs ra lk 6, 27-36, 

ambobs, rom qristianul tradiciaSi giyvardes niSnavs, gaakeTo keTili saqme. anu, 

siyvaruli ar aris ganyenebuli, Tundac mistiuri grZnoba. igi yovelvis dafuZnebulia 

qmedebaze da vlindeba sxva adamianis mimarT gakeTebul konkretul saqmeebSi (Gosbert T. 

M. Byamungu, God’s Grace and Cosmic Transformation. Love of Enemies in Luke-Acts, Bossey, Switserland, 

October 24, 2005). ganmrCevelobis siqvelesTan dakavSirebuli siyvarulis konkretuli 

qmedebis Temas qvemoT kvlav davubrundebiT. 

340 Talasesadmis SesavalSi (PG 90, 260D) maqsime laparakobs orgvar Tavmoyvareobaze – 

cudsa (κακής ελευθερούµεθα φιλαυτίας, cudi Tavmoyvareobisagan vTavisufldebiT) da kargze 

(αγαθήν αντιλαβόντες νοεράν φιλαυτίαν, σωµατικής κεχωρισµένην στοργής, ου παυόµεθα λατρευόντες τω Θεώ δια 

ταύτης της καλής φιλαυτίας, karg Tavmoyvareobas vRebulobT da ganveSorebiT xorciel 

zrunvas da ar vwyvetT, vemsaxuroT RmerTs am kargi Tavmoyvareobis mier) 

115

SegviZlia vuwodoT dacemuli da daqucmacebuli bunebis “Tavnebobebi”, 

adamians moamwyvdevs amave bunebis marwuxebSi. swored am viTarebis gamo 

nebelobis asketuri varjiSis mizani xdeba is garemoeba, rom adamianma 

unda uaryos sakuTari fsiqologiuri TviTis narcisuli TviTkmaroba, 

radgan es TviTi sulac ar aris gamTlianebuli, aramed ixliCeba masSi 

dafaruli winaaRmdegobebiT. moRvaweoba pirovnebas CamoaSorebs mraval 

erTmaneTTan Seusabamo niRabs (προσωπείο), romelic TviTSi qmnis 

gamxleCav daZabulobas, da gamoaCens namdvili “pirsaxes” (πρόσωπο), anu 

pirovnebas. 341 aseTi pirovneba asrulebs ra siyvarulis nebayoflobiT 

saqmeebs, pirispir umzers RmerTsityvas. es gza aris asketuri gza, 

sicocxlis WeSmariti saxe da amave WeSmaritebis pirovnuli Semecneba. 

vnebebisagan gaTavisufleba, anu individualuri nebelobebis 

mokvdineba da gulis siwminde, aTavisuflebs da warmoaCens WeSmaritebas, 

rogorc cxovrebis wess, eToss. es ukanaskneli ar gulisxmobs mxolod 

gonebis wvrTnas, aramed uqmnelsa da qmnils Soris pirovnuli 

urTierTobis sisavseSi Segnebul da nebayoflobiT CarTvas. anu, erTi 

mxriv, saRvTo hipostasebis sicocxleSi energiul ziarebas da, meore 

mxriv, qmnil pirovnebebs Soris avTentur urTierTobas. anu, Tu 

RvTisSemecneba ukavSirdeba RmerTTan pirovnul urTierTobas, xolo, 

Tavis mxriv, RmerTTan amgvari urTierToba SeuZlebelia qmnilebasTan 

aseTive damokidebulebis gareSe, maSin RvTisSemecneba gardauvlad 

dakavSirebulia adamianis SemecnebasTan – adaminaTSoris siyvarulTan. 

341 Tu “socialuri rolebi” darCebian mxolod niRbebis doneze, mospoben adamians. 

magram Tu es rolebi iqnebian gulwrfeli urTierTobis saxeebi, maSin igive rolebi 

iqnebian WeSmariti pirovnulobis gamovlinebebi da realizebani. am konteqstSi 

mniSvnelovania III saukunis monarqianizmis, kerZod, sabelianizmis winaaRmdeg saeklesio 

swavleba. mama, Ze da suli erTi RmerTis mxolod gamovlinebebi, anu niRbebi (προσωπείο) 

ki ar arian, rogorc amas sabelianizmi gulisxmobs, aramed isini arian erTi RmerTis 

WeSmariti pirebi (πρόσωπο, pirsaxeebi). anu, RmerTi ar Semodis qmnilebasTan 

urTierTobaSi niRbebiT, aramed yovelTvis atarebs uSualo, anu pirovnul xasiaTs (amis 

Sesaxeb ix. Ι. Ζηζιούλας, Από το προσωπείο εις το πρόσωπο, περιοδικό Εποπτεία 73, Νοέµβριος 1982; Demetrios 

Constantelos, The Human Being: A Mask or a Person?, http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/constan.html; Вл. 

Лосский, Очерк мистического богослсвия восточной церкви, мистическое богослсвие, Киев 1991, 128-129; 

Sdr. А. Спасский, Исторя догматических движений в эпоху вселенских соборовю Тринитарный вопрос, 

“Новая книга”, Москва 1995 (reprint. Сергиев Посад 1914), 110-117; Γ. Μαρτζέλος, Ιστορία της ορθόδοξης 

θεολογίας και πνευµατικότητας, Θεσσαλονίκη 2001-2002, 14-18). aqedanvea “simbolos”, “xatis”, 

“ritualis” eklesiuri gagebac. simbolo”, “xati”, “rituali” mxolod pirovnuli 

urTierTobis saxeebia da ara ubralod warmosaxviTi realobebi (am sakiTxs Cven ukve 

SevexeT zemoT, rodesac dionise areopagelis gnoseologias ganvixilavdiT da kvlav 

davubrundebiT qvemoT, me-5 TavSi). 

116

amrigad, maqsimesTan asketuri varjiSi CarTulia RvTisSemecnebis 

procesSi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, uigivdeba adamianis srulyofilebisaken 

svlas. es msvleloba Sedgeba sami stadiisagan: praqtika, bunebiTi xedva 

(Teoria) da Teologia (vrclad ix. qvemoT 3.3). 342 

praqtikis stadia aris varjiSi uvneblobisaTvis, “romliTac suli 

xdeba cudisaken (προς κακίαν) ZneladaRZvradi (δυσκίνητος)”. 343 bunebiTi 

Teoria aris RmerTis, rogorc samyaros pirveli mizezis codna, romeli 

codnac miiRweva arsebulTa Sesaxeb mistiuri azris ZiebiT. 344 mesame gza 

aris RmerTis uqmneli energiebis rwmenaSi uSualo gamocdileba: 

“[is] goneba aris sruli, [romelic] WeSmariti rwmeniT zeSeucnobels 

zeSeucnoblad zeSeicnobs da misi Seqmnilebis zogadobebs xedavs da 

Rebulobs RmerTisagan maTSi winaazrovnebisa da gansjis amomwurav 

codnas, ramdenadac es adamianebs SeuZliaT”. 345 

maqsimesaTvis praqtika aris sulis Zalebis 346 SeZlebisdagvarad 

realizireba, anu, saboloo WeSmaritebisaken arsebobis warmarTva 

logosis Sesabamisad. adamiani Seicnobs logosebSi WeSmaritebas, SeiZens 

axal codnas, romelsac es logosebi gamouCenen da romelic RmerTTan 

SexvedriT mTel adamians aRavsebs: “RvTaebrivad Caxatavs masSi 

codnas”. 347 aseTi adamiani ganmsWvalulia saRvTo siqveliT da aRar 

gadauxvevs WeSmaritebisagan, radgan misi sulis Zalebi harmoniulad 

urTierTqmedeben. adamianis sxeuli da suli _ azrovneba, survili da 

miswrafeba _ qmedebisas gaerTianebulia erT cocxal mTlianobaSi: 

“man, vinc keTilmsaxurebiTad xedvis (Teoriis) gziT Seimecna, Tu rogor 

arian arsebulebi, da gonieri nebiT iazrovna da sworad gansazRvra 

maTTan dakavSirebuli logosi da Tavis TavSi daicva gansja (ufro 

sworad ki Tavi daicva gansjiT), mas upyria mTlianad siqvele da 

Secnobili WeSmaritebisagan arsaiT aRar moZraobs. [...] mas ukve logosiT, 

winaaRmdegobis gareSe, aqvs moculi saqme, radgan Cveni azrovneba 

Tavsuyris (ανακεφαλαιώνει 348 ) masSi saukeTeso da uvnebo logosebs, 

342 srulyofilebisaken mimavali am sami stadiis gansxvaveba pirvelad aristotelesTan 

xdeba da Semdeg Semodis qristianobaSi ZiriTadad origenesa da evagre pontoelis gziT 

da aRwevs maqsimemde. amis Sesaxeb ix. Π. Χρήστος, Η Θεολογική ως µέθοδος προσεγγίσεως προς τον 

Θεόν, Θεολογικά Μελετήµατα 3, Θεσσαλονίκη 1977 235-239; Ν. Ματσούκας, Κόσµος, Άνθρωπος, Κοινωνία... 

203-210. 

343 siyvarulis T... 1,36 PG 90, 968AB 

344 Sdr. Χρ. Γιανναράς, Το πρόσωπο και ο Έρως... 244; misive, Σχεδίασµα εισαγωγής στη φιλοσοφία... 65-69. 


346 sulis AZalebis Sesaxeb ix. grigol noseli, Περί κατασκευής ανθρώπου, PG 44, 144D-145A; L. 

Thunberg, Microcosm and Mediator. The Theological Anthropology of St. Maximus the Confessor, G.M.K. 

Gleerup, Lund 1965, 190-191, 193, 195, 203. iqvea saubari admianis trixotomuli da dixotomuli 

agebulebis Sesaxeb. 

347 Talases... PG 90, 737A, 773 B; sxvadasxva Teologiuri da gangebulebiTi... 5,19 PG 1356 B 

348 cneba ανακεφαλαίωση-s variantuli συνκεφαλαίωση gvxvdeba fotios didTan. ix. Φωτίος 

Πατριάρχης, Μυριόβιβλος ή Βιβλιοθήκη, Άπαντα τα Έργα (ΕΠΕ) 6, Θεσσαλονίκη 2003, gv . 474-476: “Tumca 

117

omelTa Sesabamisad yoveli siqvele da codna aris da arsebobs, radgan 

[es logosebi] arian moazrovne sulis Zalebi. [amasTan erTad], erTi 

mxriv, aranairad ar sWirdebaT [sulier Zalebs] sxeulis arseboba, 

xolo, meore mxriv, ar uaryofen, gamoiyenon isini, rodesac saWiroa, 

raTa warmoCndnen [Tavad sulis Zalebi]”. 349 

magram arsebulTa logosebi, rogorc sulis Zalebi, ar arian ubralod 

mocemuli da statikuri arsebulTa pirvelsaxeebi, aramed arian RmerTis 

mieri mudam aqtiuri da aqtualuri mowodeba, romelsac nebayoflobiT 

unda upasuxos adamianma. xolo rogorc vTqviT, aseTi pasuxi niSnavs 

imas, rom Tavisufali moRvaweobiT daumorCilos masSi arsebul bunebiT 

logoss Tavisi cxovrebis wesi: 

“bunebiTad CvenSi moazrovne nawili unda daemorCilos RmerTis sityvas 

da marTos CvenSi aramoazrovne nawili. es wesrigi unda iqnas daculi 

yvelaferSi da, amgvarad, arc cudi iqneba arsebebSi da arc misken 

[cudisken] mimzidveli aRar aRmoCndeba”. 350 

da radgan arsebulTa logosSi araferia arabunebrivi, da gonisaTvis 

miuwvdomeli, is xdeba erTdroulad bunebrivi da saRvTo kanoni: 

“cxadia, rom jerCinebis 351 (γνώµης) bunebis logosTan SeerTebisas aRar 

aujanydeba RmerTs ase gasworebuli arCevani (προαιρέσις), radgan ar 

ki gansxvavebuli arian TiToeuli [jojoxeTis] mxare – erTi, vinc irwmuna da meore, 

vinc ar irwmuna _ magram erTSi [jojoxeTSi Casul qristeSi] Tavsiyrian es miwisqveSa 

wyebebi”. igulisxmeba, rom pirvelcodvis gamo mTeli kacobrioba imyofeboda 

jojoxeTSi da iyo dayofili erTmaneTSi (Tumca erTia jojoxeTi, igi ver aerTianebs 

dayofil adamianur bunebas, piriqiT, Tavad aris ukiduresi dayofis simbolo). qristem 

jvarze sikvdilisas da iq CasvliT gaaerTiana iqauroba erT Tavis sxeulad. termin 

ανακεφαλαίωση/συνκεφαλαίωση-is laTinuri variantia recapitulati. igi gvxvdeba irineos 

lionelTanac, romlis mixedviT qriste etapobrivad gadis adamianis sicocxlis 

ZiriTad fazebs da yovel stadiaze TanamimdevrobiT gamoasworebs codviTdacemis 

Sedegebs. pirveli adamis dabadebiT Semovida sikvdili, axali adamis, qristes 

dabadebisas _ Semovida sicocxle da a.S. amgvarad, mTeli adamianis sicocxlem _ 

Sesabamisad, yvela adamianisa da mTeli samyarosi, gaiara qristeze, anu yvelam da 

yvelaferma masSi moiyara Tavi (ix. Π. Χρήστο, Εκκλησιαστική Γραµµατολογία, τ. Α’ Θεσσαλονίκη 

1971, 103; Sdr. В. Родзянко (Епископ), Теория распада вселенной и вера отцов. Каппадолийское 

богословие – ключ к апологетике нашего времени, Москва 1996, 129-131). izabel andia (Ysabel Andia) 

ambobs, rom irineosi iyo erTi im mcireTagani saeklesio mweralTa Soris, romlebic 

amtkicebdnen, rom RmerTis xati aris Caxatuli adamianis Tavad sxeulSi, anu xorcSi 

da, amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xorcis xsna (salus carnis) Sedgeba xorcis Seqmnis 

(plasmatio carnis), gamosyidvisa (redemtio carnis) da aRdgomisagan (resurrectio carnis) (ix. Из. Андия, 

Воскресение плоти согласно валентинианам и Иринею Лионскому, Символ 39, Июль 1998, Париж, 44-47 

(Ysabel de Andia, La resurrection de la chair selon les valentiniens ei Irinee de Lyon, Les quatre fleuves. Cahiers de 

recherche et de reflexion religieuses. Paris, 1982. N. 15-16, P. 59-70)). 

349 sxvadasxva siZnele ... 5 PG 91, 1108C-1109A 


351 

zemoT, pirvel TavSi, ukve aRvniSneT, Tu ratom avirCieT γνώµη-is Sesatyvisad 

jerCineba. anu, erTi mxriv, gnomi aris neba, arCevani, xolo, meore mxriv, 

saTanadod/jerovnad miCneva. grigol noselis didi katexizmos qarTulad mTargmneli 

swored am ori mniSvnelobiT iyenebs sityva jerCinebas ix. eq. koWlamazaSvili, Uwminda 

grigol noselis “didi kateqituri sityvis”... 204 “jerCinebaÁ – mizanSewonilad miCneva, 

neba, προαίρεσις, εως η; ‘Semsgavsebuli nebisa da jerCinebisaÁ’, κατά προαίρεσιν. jer-CinebiTa, 

118

SeiniSneba raime gonebis sawinaaRmdego bunebis sityvaSi, romelic 

bunebiTi kanonic aris da saRvToc, rodesac [logosi] sakuTar TavSi 

moqmedad miiRebs jerCinebis moZraobas. xolo, Tuki gonebis 

sawinaaRmdego araferia bunebis logosSi, [maSin] RmerTTan TanxmobaSi 

aqvs yoveli moqmedeba, rac aris kidec sulis praqtikuli ganwyobileba 

bunebiT keTilis [anu RmerTis] madliT siqvelis dambadebeli”. 352 

amrigad, adamianis arCevanzea damokidebuli gahyves sakuTari bunebis 

logoss, aamoqmedos sulSi CaTesili Zalebi, praqtikulad SeiTvisos 

saRvTo kanoni, rogorc sakuTari sicocxlis wesi da amiT daxvewos 

sakuTari Tavi an, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, ugulebelyos sulSi Canergili 

bunebiTi logosebi da degradirdes: 

“siqveleebSi warmatebuli da codniT gamdidrebuli, vinc bunebiTad 

Wvrets sagnebs [vinc sagnebis namdvil bunebas xedavs], yvelafers saRi 

azrovnebiT moqmedebs da metyvelebs da ar Seicvleba [saRi azris] 

mTlianobisagan. imis mixedviT vxdebiT qvelni an cudni, 

keTilgonivrulad viyenebT sagnebs Tu ugunurad”. 353 

cudi xdeba adamiani, rodesac bunebis logosi jerCinebis (γνώµη) mier ar 

miiReba kanonad. am SemTxvevaSi ki igi ganvardeba siyvarulisagan da 

mihyveba dacemis gzas cudad arsebobisaken: “isini, vinc jerCinebis 

araTanasworsuflebians xdian (anu amcroben –k.k) bunebas... mTlianad 

ganvardebian keTilobisagan, rac iqidan Cans, rom maTSi jerCineba aris 

gaTavisebuli cudad arsebobisaken”. 354 

rodesac bunebis sawinaaRmdegod suli eqvemdebareba Tavis udables 

Zalebs imis nacvlad, rom isini gardasaxos sakuTari logosis mixedviT, 

maSin pirvelad warmoiSoba vnebuli moZraoba: “vneba aris sulis 

moZraoba bunebis sawinaaRmdegod raime grZnobismierisadmi an vinmesadmi 

gauazrebeli siyvarulis an ganusjeli siZulvilis gamo”. 355 

κατά γνώµην”. Cven imis gamo, rom termini jerCineba ar aris damkvidrebuli, yovelTvis ar 

viyenebT mas da CavanacvlebT gnomikuriT iq, sadac es migvaCnia saWirod konkretuli 

konteqstis meti sicxadisaTvis. 

352 mamao Cvenos ganmarteba... (Ερµηνεία σύντοµος εις την προσευχήν του Πάτερ Ηµών, mamao Cvenos 

locvis mokle ganmarteba) PG 90, 903 B 


354 

sxvadasxva Teologiuri da gangebulebiTi Tavi 4,54 PG 90, 1329 A. ekologiuri 

problemebic am sakiTxs SegviZlia davukavSiroT. bunebas aqvs Tavis logosi. Tuki 

bunebis am logoss ar Tvlis adamiani Tavis Tavnebur survilebTan 

Tanasworuflebianad, maSin iwyebs bunebis logosi rRvevas, rasac mosdevs kidec 

ekologiuri problemebi. ix. Derek Michaud, Reflections on Ecology, Theology and Ethics, Quodlibet 

Journal: Vol. 5 Number 4, October 2003 

355 siyvarulis T... 2,16 PG 90, 988D-989A. aseve iqve 3, 4 PG 90, 1017 CD 

119

amrigad, maqsimes azriT, adamianis msvlelobis gamrudebaa, rodesac 

igi ar mihyveba sakuTar bunebis logoss da RmerTisagan ganidrikeba 

qmnili samyaros sagnebisaken: 

“werili sofels uwodebs nivTier sagnebs da maTSi gonebiT dakavebuli 

[adamianebi] amasofliurni arian, romelTa mimarTac is ambobs: ‘nu 

SeiyvarebT sofels, nurc sofelSi arsebul raimes’. xorcis 356 survili 

da Tvalebis survili da cxovrebis siamaye ar aris RmerTisagan, aramed 

soflisagan aris” ( Sdr. 1 ioan 2, 15-16). 357 

bunebis sawinaaRmdego moZraoba aris moZraoba hipostasis, avTenturi 

pirovnulobis gareSe, romelsac ar gaaCnia namdvili arseboba da aris 

ararseboba, armyofoba: “vneba da buneba arsebobis logosis mixedviT 

aranairad ar Tanaarseboben”. 358 Tuki pirovneba aRmocendeba arsebulis 

bunebiTi logosis Sesabamisi cxovrebiT, igi degradirdeba 

ararsebobisaken vnebuli cxovrebiT. vneba ki aris mxolod ama 

soflisadmi midrekileba, grZnobadis gaabsolutureba da misdami 

ganusjeli siyvaruli. 

3.2.2. siyvarulis ucodinroba 

borotebisa (cudis) da qmnilebis bunebis mimarTebis analizisas maqsime, 

rogorc zemoT mokled aRvniSneT, ZiriTadad imeorebs mis winamorbed 

qristian mwerlebs. amasTan erTad igi aviTarebs azrs, rom boroteba 

dakavSirebulia nebelobasa da ucodinrobasTan. 359 

adamianis dacema, pirvelqmnili codva aris nebelobis aqti, misi 

kaprizi. isaa mcdari arCevani. 360 amdenad, cudi ar arsebobs TavisTavad, 

aramed arsebobs sikeTis nakluloba, araswori mimarTeba masTan. 361 is 

356 qristo ianarasi miiCnevs, rom wminda mamaTa nawerebis mixedviT cneba “σαρξ-xorci” 

aRniSnavs mTlian adamians, vinc ewinaaRmdegeba saRvTo nebas (ix. Χρ. Γιανναράς, Ι µεαφυσική 

του σώµατος, Αθήνα 1971, 31-45). 

357 siyvarulis T... 2,53 PG 90, 1001C 

358 sxvadasxva Teologiuri... 29 PG 90, 1360A 

359 Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 219: “nebelobis uZlureba dakavSirebulia gonebis 

ucodinarobasTan (αγνοία upirispirdeba γνώσις -avtori). [...] cudis bunebisa da Tvisebis 

Sesaxeb Rirsi maqsime mxolod imeorebs aRiarebul saerTo Sexedulebas. originaluri 

masTan aris mxolod is, rom igi daJinebiT xazs usvams nebelobiT momentebs”. 

360 vrclad sikeTisa da borotebas Soris arCevanis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT 3.2.6 

361 sqolioebi... saRvTo saxelebi 4, 31 PG 4, 305D-306A: “borotebis dasawyisi da bolo aris 

keTiloba, radgan rasac vakeTebT (CavdivarT), gvgonia, rom kargs vakeTebT. hipostasi 

(arseboba) ar aqvs borotebas, aramed aris hipostasis (arsebobis) gverdiTi movlena 

(παρυπόστασιν, gverdiTarsebuli), radgan keTilobis da ara sakuTari Tavis gamo iqna 

Cadenili. es vTqviT zemoTac, rom borotebas ar vumiznebT, roca borotebas CavdivarT, 

aramed gvgonia, rom kargs vakeTebT, Tumca Sedegi sapirispiros miuTiTebs”. iqve 4,32 PG 

120

aris Tavisuflebis arasrulyofili aqti da nebelobis sneuleba. 

nebeloba uaryofs RmerTs da es aqti aris codva, rogorc misi 

(nebelobis) nakli da uZlureba. xolo Sedegad “sneulebisa da 

uZlurebisagan xdeba bunebis sawinaaRmdegod bunebis Sesabamisad 

moZraobis mokleba”. 362 Tavisuflebis SezRudvaa is, rac grZnobadisaken 

SebrunebiT arRvevs bunebiTi Zalebis ierarqias da grZnobadi sagnebis 

macdunebeli survili aris vnebulobis da codvis ontologiuri 

safuZveli: 

“RmerTma Seqmna adamianis buneba da ar Seuqmnia masTan erTad 

grZnobismieri arc siamovneba da arc tkivili, aramed Seqmna siamovnebis 

gonebiTi ram Zala, rom gamouTqmelad misiT (RmerTiT) tkboba 

SesZleboda. es Zala – vambob, bunebis Sesabamisad gonebis RmerTisaken 

swrafvas _ dabadebisTanave grZnobebs gadasca pirvelma adamianma da 

grZnobadisadmi am pirveli moZraobisas grZnobebis mier SeiZina bunebis 

sawinaaRmdegod moqmedi siamovneba. amis gamo man, vinc winaazrovnebiT 

zrunavs Cveni cxovnebisaTvis, SeaerTa, rogorc ram damsjeli Zala, 

tkivili 363 , romliTac sibrZniT Canerga sxeulis bunebaSi sikvdilis 

4 307A: “boroteba aris hipostasis (arsebobis) gareSe, radgan aCvena [dionise 

areopagelma], rom igi aris mokleba imisa, rac Seexeba wesrigs da bunebas. da, rogorc 

vTqvi, mokleba ar aris TviThipostasi (αυτοϋπόστασις, TviTarseboba), aramed aRmocenebuli 

(πεφυκός) da cdilobs iyos Tandamswre aq (παρείναι, iyos saxeze), maSin roca ar aris 

damswre aq (µη παρόν, ar aris saxeze). amitomac moklebas (naklulobas) uwodebs codvas, 

anu miznis acdenas da saTanadosagan gadacdomas”. amrigad, boroteba Tavis dasabamSive 

wilnayaria keTilobasTan, anu raRacnari gamovlinebaa isev da isev sikeTis – maxinji 

saxea, magram mainc sikeTea. es erTi. meore, wminda saxiT boroteba ar arsebobs. igi 

yovelTvis sikeTis gverdiTi movlenaa, anu adamianis sicocxleSi igi Tandamswrea, 

mxolod sikeTesTan Sereuli “saxiT” da es saxea codva. es ukanaskneli, Tavis mxriv, ar 

aris TavisTavad boroteba, aramed nakluloba, anu RmerTisagan gansazRvruli keTili 

miznis ver (da ara ar) miRweva (miuRwevloba), erTgvari ubedoba da uiRbloba, romelic 

dananebas, sibralulsa da TanagrZnobas unda iwvevdes da ara saSinel gakicxvasa da 

sasjels. aqedanvea saeklesio tradiciasa da maqsimes TeologiaSic Sesabamisad 

sasjelisadmi pedagogiuri mniSvnelobis miniWeba da ara ulmobeli da brma 

samarTlianobis gamovlineba. martin luTerTanac RmerTis samarTlianoba (rom. 1, 16-17) 

pasaJSi niSnavs ara damsjel samarTlianobas (iustitia activa), aramed samarTlianobas, 

romliTac RmerTi xdis codvilebs marTlebad (iustitia passiva). Sdr. B. Sijakovich, On Nature of 

Evil, Between God and Man: Essays in Greek and Christian Thought, Sankt Augustin: Academia Verlag 2002, 91- 

93. serbi Teologi bogoliub JijakoviCi ambobs, rom RmerTi ar aris “ra”, aramed ‘vin”. 

misi arsi/substancia aris misi persona. amrigad, boroti ar SeiZleba iyos 

arsi/substancia. igi aris ararseboba, arasagani (no-thing), sikeTis ararseboba da 

“ontologiuri uzurpacia” (“ontological usurpation”). is aris “personologiuri” 

(“personological”) da “mowmobs adamianuri Tavisuflebis araswor gamoyenebas”. 

362 sqolioebi... saRvTo saxelebi 4, 31 PG 4, 304 C 

363 eklesiis mamebi tkivilis sazriss ganmartaven ZiriTadad sami saxiT: 1. codvis Sedegi 

(Κύριλλο Αλεξανδρείας PG 74, 789: “waxdenilobiT dasneulda adamianuri buneba adamSi 

urCobis gamo da Semovida amgvarad masSi vnebebi da tkivilebi (πάθη); 2. adamianis 

cxovrebis gardauvali garemo da SemTxveva (Μ Βασιλείου, PG 31.337: “amaT gamo... cxovrebis 

ganmavlobaSi TiToeuli mZime garemoeba da SemTxveva, borotebis zrdas Sewyvets. 

amrigad, RmerTisagan xdeba aseTi siZnele”; Ιωάννης Χρυσόστοµος, Προς τους λέγοντας ότι δαίµονες 

τα ανθρώπινα διοικούσιν, PG 49,250-251; Ιωάννής ∆αµασκηνός, Έκδοσις ακριβής 92, PG 94,1193: “saRvTo 

werili, Cveulebisamebr, RvTismier daSvebas miseul moqmedebas uwodebs. [...] satkivarni 

moCvenebiTad arian borotebani, WeSmaritad ki – sikeTeni, radgan moqcevisa da xsnis 

momniWebelni xdebian gonierTaTvis. amaT werili RvTisagan qmnilad ambobs” (e. WeliZis 

Targmani); 3. gamosyidva, gamocda da moRvaweoba siqvelisa da siyvarulis mosapoveblad. 

121

kanoni da [amiT] SemosazRvra grZnobadi [sagnebisadmi] gonebis 

sisulelis bunebis sawinaaRmdegod mamoZravebeli swrafva”. 364 

nebelobis kaprizi da mcdari arCevani swvdeba adamianis bunebas, 

daacalkevebs mis Zalebs da ase Selaxavs pirovnebis mTlianobas, Tumca 

verasodes gadaaqcevs bunebas TavisTavad borotebad: 

“sasjeli aris adamis mier arCeuli codvis gamo bunebis vnebulobis 

xrwnisaken da sikvdilisaken Secvla. RmerTis mier Tavdapirvelad ar 

qmnila, rom adamians es hqonoda. es man [adamianma] qmna da Seicno 

daumorCileblobiT, rodesac Caidina arCeviTi (jerCinebiTi) codva, 

romlis, cxadia, naSobic aris sikvdilis sasjeli”. 365 

dasaZraxi codva aris arCevanis codva, xolo dacemuli buneba, rogorc 

“codva”, ar aris dasaZraxi: 

“pirvelad arCevanma, ganiSora ra uvnebelobis madli, Seryvna adamis 

bunebiTi logosi da bunebasTan erTad gaixrwna Tavad. da iqmna pirveli 

da dasaZraxi codva, [romelic aris] borotebisaken sikeTisagan arCevanis 

gadacdoma. xolo meore [codva] pirvelisagan [gamomdinareobs da aris] 

bunebis uxrwnelobisagan xrwnilebisaken dauZraxveli Secvla. 

pirvelmamam daarRvia saRvTo mcneba da iqmna ori codva: erTi dasaZraxi, 

xolo meore aradasaZraxi, romelsac mizezad hqonda dasaZraxi. erTi 

[aris] arCevanisagan, romelic jerCinebiT ganeSora sikeTes, xolo meore 

[aris] bunebis, romelic uneburad, [ara sakuTari] arCevanis gamo, 

ganeSora ukvdavebas”. 366 

materiasa da sagnebSi TavisTavad ar arsebobs cudi: “ara qmnilebebis 

bunebaSi ixilveba cudi, aramed Secdomil da ugunur moZraobaSi”. 367 arc 

vnebebis winaaRmdeg brZola aris bunebis an sagnebis winaaRmdeg 

mimarTuli. igi mimarTulia adamianis sagnebTan vnebuli, maTi 

gamaabsolutirebuli urTierTobis winaaRmdeg: “RvTismoyvare goneba ar 

ebrZoleba sagnebs da arc maT sazriss (νοήµα, nagonebars), aramed 

[ebrZvis] vnebebs, Sewyvilebuls sazrisTan”. 368 amrigad, moRvawe ebrZvis 

sulis vnebul Zalebs: vnebul gznebas da ndomobas, romlebic 

ryvnian da daacalcalkeveben sulis saR Zalebs: “maSin moqmedebs bunebis 

Sesabamisad suli, rodesac misi vnebelobiTi Zalebi, vambob gznebas da 

364 Talasesadmi... 61 PG 90, 628 AB 

365 Talasesadmi... 42 PG 90, 408C 

366 Talasesadmi... 42 PG 90, 405C. orgvari codvis Sesaxeb masTan dakavSirebul evqaristiul 

aluziis Sesaxeb ix. Γρηγόριος Παλαµάς, Οµιλία ΛΒ΄, $$12-15, Άπαντα τα Έργα (ΕΠΕ) 10, Θεσσαλονίκη, 

314. 


368 siyvarulis T... 3,40 PG 90, 1028D-1029A 

122

ndomobas, sagnebisa da maTSi nagonebaris zedmosvlisas (προσβολή, 

Semotevisas) uvnebod rCeba”. 369 

bunebis sazomisagan ucxo da sapirispiro moZraoba Sobs 

sxeulisadmi ugunur siyvaruls, romlis saRi gamovlineba iqneboda 

qmnilebis arsebobis per se saxe da, amgvarad gamoiyofa da izolirdeba 

sayovelTao arsebobisagan, romelic aris pirovnebis RmerTSi avTenturi 

arseboba: “is, vinc sxeulisTvis zrunvas ndomobad gaixdis [...], is 

emsaxureba Semoqmedis nacvlad qmnilebas”. 370 

maqsime gamoyofs sam udides da yoveli cudis mSobel borotebas: 

“sami aris udidesi da Tavurboroti da yoveli, martivad rom vTqvaT, 

borotebis dambadebeli _ ucodnelobas vambob da Tavmoyvareobas 

(φιλαυτία) da tirania, romlebic erTmaneTze arian damokidebuli da 

erTmaneTisagan Sedgebian. RmerTis ucodnelobisagan aris Tavmoyvareoba, 

amisagan ki aris Tanaqmnilebisadmi tirania. da aravin SeewinaaRmdegeba am 

sityvas, Tu ara is, vinc arasworad iyenebs sakuTar Zalebs: gonebas da 

ndomobas da gznebas”. 371 

amrigad, Tavdapirvelad sulSi ar arsebobda am sami Tavurborotebis 

urTierTdamokidebuleba. is warmoiSoba nebis mier sulis Zalebis 

arasworad gamoyenebiT. xolo, rodesac moRvawe keTilgonivrulad 

iyenebs sulis Zalebs da grZnobadisagan amaRlebuli RmerTSi 

gaamTlianebs maT, maSin sulieri codniT Tavadac erTiandeba, rogorc 

pirovneba: 

“keTilgonivruladd moZraobs suli, rodesac misi ndomobiTi [nawili] 

TavSekavebiT aris gapoxierebuli; gznebiTi siyvarulisagan ipyroba, 

siZulvilisagan ukuSeqceuli; xolo moazrovne (gonieri) [nawili] 

RmerTisaken miiyvaneba locviT da sulieri xedviT”. 372 

zemonaTqvami saSualebas gvaZlevs, davaskvnaT, rom vnebebi ar arian 

adamianis bunebaSi, aramed _ mis nebelobaSi. swored nebelobaa is, rac 

aZlevs maT yalb arsebobas, romelic aris dabrkoleba adamiansa da 

RmerTs Soris. grZnobadisadmi nebis midreka xels uSlis adamianSi 

pirovnebis aRmocenebas 373 da gadahyavs igi iluziebis izolirebul 


370 siyvarulis T... 1,20 PG 90, 964D-965A 

371 sxvadasxva Teologiuri da gangebulebiTi Tavi 1,31 PG 90, 1192 A; Sdr. Г. Фроловский, Прп. 

Максим Исповедник...222: “Можно различить три типа страстей: самолюбие (плотское), насильничество 

(или ненависть) и неведение (духовная слепота). Но мир страстей очень пестр и многообразен... В нем два 

полюса: удовольствие и слава”. 


373 

Sdr. М. Мамардашвили, Современная европейская философия (XX век), Беседа 1, 

http://www.mamardashvili.ru/node/216: “личность такой феномен, который не существует сам по себе, не 

рождается натуральным образом, а может возникнуть или не возникнуть, может родиться в человеке, а 

123

samyaroSi _ samyaroSi, romelic Caketilia qmnil realobaSi da 

arsebobis avTentur gvars degenirebs marad cudad arsebobisaken. 

Tavmoyvareoba aris bunebis sawinaaRmdego logosi. is aris sawyisi 

codva, romelic siamovnebis satyuariT acdunebs arsebobas da pirvel 

rigSi ganisazRvreba, rogorc sxeulisadmi vnebuli siyvaruli. is aris 

WeSmaritebis ucodinaroba, yoveli arsebulis keTili mizezis arcodna 

da xiluli realobis ukan wminda samebis ver xedva (θεωρείν). 374 

es ucodneloba ar aris mxolod gonebiTi movlena, aramed 

RmerTTan pirovnuli urTierTobisagan gandrekaa. aseT pirovnul 

pozicias mosdevs yoveli namdvili urTierTobisagan Sebruneba sakuTari 

TviTisaken, koncentrireba masze da misi gadaqceva sicocxlis iseT 

RerZad, romlis garSemoc aigeba gansxvavebuli realoba, anu iluziuri 

sinamdvile. am sinamdvileSi intersubieqturi 375 kavSirebi Tumca ki 

saSurvelia, magram ar gansazRvraven individis yofierebas, radgan isini 

vlindebian rogorc egocentrulad da TviTkoncentrirebulad 

gankerZoebuli da Caketili individualurad danawevrebuli bunebis 376 

mxolod SemTxveviTi da droebiTi aspeqtebi. 

am vnebuli siyvarulis sapirispiroa moRvaweobiTad mopovebuli 

siyvaruli. igi vrceldeba uklebliv yvela adamiansa da mTel 

qmnilebaze: 

“Tavmoyvareoba aris sxeulis vnebuli da ugunuri siyvaruli, romlis 

sapirispiroa siyvaruli da TavSekaveba. visac aqvs igi [Tavmoyvareoba], 

mas aqvs yvela vnebuloba. 377 [...] sruli siyvaruli ar anawevrebs 

adamianebis erT bunebas sxvadasxva jerCinebis mixedviT (ταις διαφοροίς 

γνώµαις), aramed marad misken [erTiani bunebisaken] mxedveli yvela 

adamiani Tanabrad uyvars. [...] ieso qristem Cvendami Tavisi siyvaruli 

aCvena da evno mTeli kacobriobisaTvis da yvelas Tanasworad mihmadla 

может и не родиться. [...Ч]еловек как таковой должен... стремиться стать Богом. То есть, человек не есть 

предмет, а есть направленность к какому-то состоянию. Такого предмета, как человек, в мире нет. [...] Или 

можно сказать так: человек существует лишь в той мере, в какой он в себе преодолевает человека. Или, как 

сказал бы Ницше, для того, чтобы быть человеком, нужно стремиться к сверхчеловеческому”. Sdr. 

sxvadasxva siZnele... 117 PG1354AB : “[adamiani] sisrulisaTvis mxolod erT rames 

saWiroebs, masze aRmatebulisaken, vambob RmerTisaken, mTeli (Tavis) siyvarulis ZaliT 

daubrkolebel (άσχετου) moZraobas”. ra Tqma unda, saeklesio swavlebiT adamianSi 

xateba, anu pirovnuloba waruxocelia. am gagebiT, boroti adamianic aris pirovneba. 

magram pirovnulobas, rogorc xatebis safuZvelze msgavsebisaken marad aRwvdomas, Cven 

SegviZlia vuwodoT namdvili pirovnuloba. 

374 Sdr. Ν. Ματσούκας, Επιστήµη, φιλοσοφία και θεολογία στην Εηαήµερο του Μέγα Βασιλείου, Θεσσαλονίκη 

1988, 32. 

375 cneba intersubieqturoba ix. qvemoT 

376 Sdr. ioane kubikulariosadmi. werili. siyvarulis Sesaxeb 3, PG 91, 408 D 


124

aRdgomis imedi, Tumca TiToeuli sakuTar Tavs didebis an tanjvis 

Rirsad xdis”. 378 

ramdenadac adamiani arsebobs sxvisagan gankerZoebulad, imdenad emuqreba 

mas sikvdili. Tavmoyvareoba swored iseTi vnebaa, romelsac mihyavs 

adamianis pirovneba waxdenisaken, romelic aris tanjvis jojoxeTSi 

kvdoma. amis sapirispiro ki aris sxvebTan erTad qristes sxeulSi 

avTenturi arseboba. maqsimes es swavleba saukeTesod da lakonuradaa 

gadmocemuli siyvarulis Sesaxeb mis werilSi ioane kubikularionisadmi: 

“adamians mxolod rwmena warmoadgens Semoqmedis xatisamebr, radgan is, 

erTi mxriv, azrovnebas (λόγω) sibrZniT daumorCilebs Cveni 

[Zalauflebis] qveS arsebuls [anu azrovnebas emorCileba], xolo, meore 

mxriv, goneba ar emorCileba mas [Cven qveS arsebuls]; rwmena arwmunebs 

jerCinebas (γνώµην), bunebis Sesabamisad waremarTos da aranairad ar 

aujanydes bunebis logoss, romlis (logosis) mixedviTac yvelas ([varT 

ra] rogorc erTi buneba, aseve erTi arCevani da erTi nebeloba), RmerTsa 

da erTmaneTSi yofna SegviZlia. da aranairad ar viqnebiT RmerTisagan 

da erTmaneTisagan ganSorebulebi, Tuki madlis kanons, romliTac 

bunebis kanons jerCinebiTad ganvaaxlebT, safuZvlad avirCevT. 

SeuZlebelia, Tu pirvelad RmerTs erTsulovnad ar SevuerTdiT, 

erTmaneTs jerCinebiTad SeveTanxmoT. dasawyisSi eSmakma avqmedebiTad 

gaamzada Tavmoyvareobis satyuara da Seacdina adamiani – miudga ra 

siamovnebis gziT da acduna _, [da, amgvarad, adamianebi] RmerTs da 

erTmaneTs jerCinebiTad gamoeyvnen. swori gzidan gadaaxvevina da, 

amgvarad, mraval warmodgenasa da fantaziaSi dayo da daanakuwa buneba. 

[...] sami udidesi da sawyisi siave da yoveli siborotis dambadebeli 

warmoiSva [adamianSi]: ucodneloba, Tavmoyvareoba da tirania. [...] eseni 

warmoiSvnen [adamianis sulis] Zalebis – gonis, ndomobis da gznebis 

(Jinis) _ arasworad gamoyenebiT. saWiroa, rom [adamiani] ucodnelobis 

nacvlad erTaderTi RmerTisaken ZiebiT moZraobdes codnis gziT, 

ndomobis gziT ki Tavmoyvareobis vnebulobisagan gawmendili 

RmerTisaken wadiliT waremarTebodes, xolo gznebiT tiraniisagan 

ganSorebuli, mxolod RmerTTan SexvedrisaTvis moRvaweobdes. maT mier 

[sworad warmarTuli sulis ZalebiT] saRvTo da netari siyvaruli 

warmoiqmneba (da isini masSi [unarebi siyvarulSi]), romelic SeaerTebs 

RvTismoyvares RmerTTan da gamoaCens mas RmerTad. [...] da is, vinc 

siyvaruliT mospobs Tavmoyvareobas..., TavmoyvareobasTan erTad spobs 

siborotis yovel simravles. [...] sakuTar Tavs nebayoflobiT 

ganaTavisuflebs siyvarulis gamo da gamoeyofa im azrebsa da Tvisebebs, 

romelic gankerZoebulad hqonda naazrevi sakuTar Tavze da martivsa da 

igiveobrivSi Semokrebs [sakuTar Tavs], romlis [igiveobrivis] mixedviTac 

aravin saerTos mowyvetili aranairad aris raime (vinme), aramed erTi 

xdebian TiToeuli TiToeulSi da yvela yvelaSi da umetesad RmerTSi, 

vidre erTmaneTSi da avlenen Tavisi Tavis mier erT _ bunebiTa da 

jerCinebiT erTaderT _ arsebobis logoss da RmerTs, romelic am 

logosSi moiazreba”. 379 

amrigad, imisaTvis, rom adamianebi “moergon” erTmaneTs, isini jer unda 

SeeTanxmon RmerTs. adamianisaTvis mxolod amgvarad xdeba SesaZlebeli, 

Tavi daaRwios iluziuri TviTebis fantaziebSi dafantulobas da 

378 siyvarulis T... 1,71 PG 90, 996BC 

379 ioane kubikularionisadmi... σsiyvarulis Sesaxeb 2, PG 91 395D-400C 

125

siyvarulis konkretuli saqmeebiT moipovos Tanaqmnilebisadmi keTili 

ganwyoba. mxolod amgvarad erT bunebiT nebas “dayolili” jerCinebiT 

pirovneba gaerTiandeba RmerTsityvis sxeulSi. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, 

pirovnebis gancalkevebuloba jerCinebis “axirebaa”. TviTi iZerweba 

Tavisive fantaziebiT da SeiZens Tavis izolirebul iluziur Tvisebebs. 

aseTi TviTi aramdgradi, dafantvadi da degradirebadia. mxolod qristes 

sxeulSi TiToeuli gankerZoebuli TviTi SeurTdeba sxvas da am sxvasTan 

erTad avlens sakuTari arsebobis stabilurobas da, amasTan erTad, 

RvTaebrivi sicocxlis gvarsac. aseTi sicocxlisas fantazia Cadgeba 

codnis samsaxurSi da TviTi ubrundeba Tavis bunebas, sadac poulobs 

sxvas/sxvebs. amdenad, eqstazireba xdeba ara bunebisagan zebunebrivisaken 

pirvelis sruli mitovebiT, aramed qmnili sagnebis logosebis 

SemecnebiT zebunebrivisaken “ze-awvdomis” gziT swored bunebisaken xdeba 

eqstazi – erTiani bunebisaken da ara bunebisagan. 

vnebulobebis sinTezuri samyaro, “xorcis cnobiereba (φρόνηµα, 

mzraxveloba)”, 380 trialebs Tavmoyvareobis RerZis garSemo. iqve 

mimdinareobs sasowarkveTili da ganuwyveteli Zieba Tavmoyvareobis 

samyaros ori polusis, siamovnebisa da didebis, misawvdomad. 381 

siamovnebis darRvevisas warmoiSoba gznebis vnebuloba da is aqrobs 

siyvaruls: “siyvarulis momadunebeli arian eseni: upativoba, ziani, 

sarwmunoebis an cxovrebis [wesis] ciliswameba, cema, Wrilobis miyeneba 

da sxva. [...] vinc amaT gamo daarRvevs siyvaruls, mas ar Seucnia, ra aris 

qristes mcnebebis mizani”. 382 rodesac ver miiRweva siamovneba, Cndeba 

mowyeniloba da sevda (depresia), romelic CaiTrevs sulis yvela Zalas: 

“sevda (ακηδία) sulis yvela Zalaze moqmedebs, erTdroulad aamoZravebs 

TiTqmis yvela vnebas da amitom aris yvela sxva vnebaze umZimesi. amis 

winaaRmdeg ufalma kargi wamali mogvca, Tqva ra: ‘Tqvens moTminebaSi 

moipoveT Tqveni sulebi’ (luk 21,19)”. 383 

raime mizeziT waqezebisas ki warmoiSoba mediduroba da 

ampartavneba: “mediduroba (κενοδοξία, fuWadmediduroba), romelic zogjer 

ganqardeba, zogjer ki narCundeba, Sobs qedmaRlobas (υπερηφάνιαν). 

380 ix. siyvarulis T... 1,83. PG 90, 980A 

381 Sdr. Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 219-220. 

382 siyvarulis T... 4,81 1068C da iqve, 1,66 PG 90 973C. 

383 siyvarulis T... 1,67 PG 90 973D 

126

odesac ganqardeba badebs (εµποίει, Tavis TavSi qmnis) TviTkmayofilebas 

(οίησιν), xolo SenarCunebisas _ ampartavnebas (αλαζονείαν, mzvaobrobas)”. 384 

rac Seexeba siamovnebas, is yovelTvis aris tkivilis mizezi 385 : 

“rogorc dReebs cvlis Rameebi da zafxuls zamTari, aseve medidurobas 

da siamovnebas mwuxareba da tkivili, awmyo an momavali [samSjavrosi]”. 386 

tkivilisagan Tavis daRwevis Ziebas ki kvlav mihyavs siamovnebisaken. esaa 

vnebulobis Caketili wre. maqsimesTan siamovneba-tkivilis wyvili 

ganuSorebelia: 387 

“ramdenadac adamiani mxolod sagrZnobeliT (αίσθησιν, grZnobis 

organoebiT) eZiebda xiluli [sagnebis Sesaxeb] codnas, imdenad 

SeboWavda Tavis Tavs RmerTis ucodnelobaSi, ramdenadac am 

ucodnelobis borkils metad mouWerda, imdenad Semecnebuli nivTieri 

[sagnebis] grZnobiTi siamovnebis gamocdilebas Rebulobda. ramdenadac 

amas Tanatarebda, imdenad amisagan Sobili aanTebda Tavmoyvareobis 

trfialebas. ramdenadac rudunebiT zrunavda Tavmoyvareobis 

trfialebisaTvis, imdenad siamovnebis _ romelic aris Tavmoyvareobis 

Sobilic da mizanic _, mraval xerxs (τρόπους) gamoigonebda (επένοει). da 

radgan yoveli borotebis Tvisebaa mis warmomqmnel saSualebebTan 

Tanaganqarveba (συµφθείρεσθαι τρόποις), Tavad gamocdilebiT mixvda ra, rom 

yovel siamovnebas yovelTvis mosdevs tkivili, hqonda mTeli ltolva 

siamovnebisaken, xolo sruli ganltolva tkivilisagan. [...] vnebebis 

auracxelma simravlem Signidan gaxrwna (εισεφθάρη, moSala) adamianis 

cxovreba. [...] didadsatirali gaxda Cveni sicocxle, radgan sakuTari 

darRvevis mizezebi miiCnia Rirebulad da xrwnis sawyisebi moiZia da 

SeiZina TavisTvis. [...] erTi buneba uamrav nawilad daqucmacda da vinc 

erTi da imave bunebis varT, erTmaneTisTvis varT, rogorc ulmobeli 

qvewarmavalis nadavli. Tavmoyvareobis gamo siamovnebis maZiebelni da am 

mizeziT tkivilisagan Tavis daRwevis mcdelebi gamxrwneli vnebebis 

simravlis dabadebas vaxerxebT (επινοούµεν)”. 388 

Tavmoyvareoba, rogorc sakuTari sxeulisadmi siamovnebis miniWebis vneba 

da “trfialeba” da didebismoyvareoba maCvenebelia sulis Zalebis 

ierarqiis darRveulobis. swori da gamarTuli ierarqiis mixedviT: a) 

gzneba unda warmarTuliyo ndomisaken; b) ndoma, Tavis mxriv, unda 

384 siyvarulis T... 3,61 PG 90 1036B. Cven vcdilobT, rac SeiZleba axlos viyoT dedanTan, 

magram es pasaJi sakmaod rTuli saTargmnelia, radgan mocemuli terminebis qarTuli 

ekvivalentebi gansxvavdebian dednis mniSvnelobisagan. misi Tavisufali Targmani 

iqneboda “siamaye... Sobs ampartavnebas. rodesac TiTqos ganqardeba sinamdvileSi, 

gardaiqmneba sakuTar Tavze did warmodgenad, xolo rodesac SenarCundeba, maSin 

gadaizrdeba yoyloCinobasa da sxvaze aRmatebulobis vnebad”. 

385 maqsime am postulats absolutur xasiaTs aZlevs. Talasesadmi 61-e pasuxSi mas 

qristes tanjvis sayovelTao gamomsyidveloba iqidan gamohyavs, rom am tanjvas win ar 

uswrebda siamovneba, kerZod ki, Casaxvis seqsualuri tkboba. am 61-e pasuxis Sesaxeb ix. 

А. И. Сидоров, Смерть как наказание и смерть как благодеяние согласно учению преп. Максима 

Исповедника («Вопросоответы к Фалассию», 61), Преподобный Максим Исповедник. Избранные творения, 

Изд. Паломник, Москва 2004, 475-493. 

386 siyvarulis T... 2,65 PG 90 1005A 

387 Sdr. L. Thunberg, Microcosm and Mediator… 167-168. 

388 Talasesadmi..., Sesavali PG 90 253D-256BC 

127

aRZruliyo gonis mier, xolo g) goneba unda ganaTlebuliyo saRvToTa 

codniT. aseTi ierarqia ar Sedga. Tavmoyvareobis gamo saRvTos adgili 

daiWira materiam da sagrZnobelebma (“adamiani mxolod sagrZnobeliT 

(αίσθησιν, grZnobis organoebiT) eZiebda xiluli [sagnebis Sesaxeb] 

codnas” 389 ). Tavmoyvareobam saRvTod Seqmnili sinamdvilis polusebi 

gadaanacvla da trfialeba, rogorc saRvTo impulsi erTianobisaTvis, 

romelsac grZnobebi da grZnobismieri gznebisa da ndomobis gavliT 

saRvToTa xedvisaken aRma unda waremarTa, degradirda sevda-medidurobaampartavneba-TviTkmayofileba-qedmaRlobis 

vnebad, romelic ZiriTadad 

gznebis sferoa. amrigad, goneba (νο-υς) Cadga gznebisa da siamovnebis 

samsaxurSi (“siamovnebis _ romelic aris Tavmoyvareobis Sobilic da 

mizanic _, mraval xerxs (τρόπους) gamoigonebda (επέ-νο-ει)” 390 ). aqedan 

gamomdinareobs “qristes mcnebebis miznis” pirovnuli Secnobis 

erTaderTi gza _ gonebam unda moicalos saRvToTaTvis. xolo amisaTvis 

aucilebelia cemisa da sxvisgan miyenebuli Wrilobebis daTmena, anu 

tkivilisagan “ganultolveloba”; yvela grZnobaSi TavSekaveba; 

ciliswamebisa da Seuracxyofis atana da, rac mTavaria, siyvarulis 

saqmeebSi varjiSi. es yvelaferi asketikis mkacri gzaa. mxolod aseT 

gzaze dgomiT aris SesaZlebeli jer RmerTTan erToba da Semdeg 

TanaqmnilebebTan daqucmacebuli “Tanaarsis” aRdgena. Tumca, 

aRsaniSnavia, rom es “jer-Semdegis” monacvleoba ar aris droiTi 

movlena, aramed xarisxobrivia, anu ierarqiulia da aris erTiani 

energiuli procesi, romlis ZiriTadi safuZveli da foni aris saeklesio 

misteriebi da, umetesad ki – evqaristia iseve, rogorc es vnaxeT dionise 

areopagelTan. 

TavmoyvareobiT gamowveuli qmnilebis “Tanaarsobis”, anu bunebis 

rRveva mainc ar iwvevs arsebulTa logosis rRvevas da misi 

Tavisuflebis gaqarwylebas, radgan igi (qmnilebis Tanaarsoba) ar wyvets, 

iyos saRvTo erTiani nebis gamovlineba, anu “nebeba”. arsebulTa 

erTobisaken Tavisufali moZraobis SesaZlebloba, marTalia, minimumamde 

davida, magram sruliad mainc ar ganqarda. ra Tqma unda, qmnilebis 

nebeloba da Tavisufleba dauZlurebulia, magram es Tavisuflebis 

389 iqve 

390 iqve 

128

mxolod xarisxis TviTizolirebuli TviTis sferomde daqveiTebaa da 

ara mTlianad moSla. marad “axladSeZerwvadi” da meryevi TviTis qristes 

sxeulTan da sxeulad erTobliv ziarebaSi gaxsna sxva TviTebisaken 

kvlav SesaZlebelia da damokidebulia Semcdari jerCinebis ganaxlebul 

poziciaze. 

maqsimesTan TviT demonebic ki SenarCundebian pirovnul arsebebad 

da ara maT bunebaSi aTavsebs cuds, aramed maTs arCevanSi: “arc eSmakebi 

arian bunebiT cudebi, aramed bunebiTi Zalebis arasworad gamoyenebiT 

arian borotebi”. 391 buneba Tavisi ukiduresi daqucmacebisasac inarCunebs 

saRvTo sikeTes da usaxlkaro TviTs mudam aqvs keriaSi dabrunebis 

SesaZlebloba. 392 magram ori iluziuri samyaros Sexvedra 

horizontalur RerZze vertikaluri “zemimarTvis” gareSe, rogorc ukve 

vnaxeT, uSedegoa da, metic, am or samyaros Soris iwvevs Setakebas. am 

brZolaze maqsime saubrobs, rogorc demonis degradirebuli pirovnebisa 

(Cven SeiZleboda gveTqva, rom demoni simboloa iluziebiT Sekowiwebuli 

TviTis) da adamianis dapirispirebulobaze: “samia is, rac gvibiZgebs Cven 

cudisaken: vnebebi, eSmakebi da boroti arCevani”. 393 demonebi midreken 

adamianis nebas grZnobadisaken, badeben ra masSi vnebul logismoebs 

(λογισµός, gulis-sityuaÁ, azri 394 ): “[eSmakebi] marad eZeben ra Cvens suls 

[warsawymedad], eZeben vnebuli gulis-sityvis mier, raTa Caagdos is 

gonebiT an moqmedebiT codvaSi”. 395 “logismo” es iseTi cnebaa, romelic 

aRniSnavs ara mzamzareul azrs an, ufro mets, logoss, aramed es aris 

gamowveva, erTgvari stiqia, romelic Tavad misma mimRebma unda 

gaaformos, Camoqnas konkretul azrad an qmedebad. sxva pirovnebebis 

tiranuli Careva da zogadad sazogadoebisac iseTive savalaloa, 

rogorc sakuTari Sinagani Zalebis qaosuri mouwesrigebloba. Tumca, 

rogorc vTqviT, maqsimesaTvis pirovnebis Tavisufleba, misi sneulebrivi 


392 postmodernuli TviTis Sesaxeb, romelic cxovrobs iluziur samyaroSi da aris, 

erTi mxriv, socialuri garemos upirobod damyoli da, meore mxriv, usaxlkaro, 

momTabare, meryevi, uimedo, marad Zerwvadi ix. St. Bouma-Prediger, Yearning for Home, Postmodern 

Philosophy and Christian Thought, edited by Merold Westphal, Indiana University Press, 1999, 170-197. 

393 siyvarulis T... 2,33 PG 90, 996 AB 

394 λογισµός SeiZleboda gveTargmna, rogorc sasityvoba, mosityvoba, anu sityvad-jer-argaformebuli 

an sityvad-gaformebadi, magram, migvaCnia, es iqneboda gadaWarbebulad 

xelovnuri terminebi. 

395 siyvarulis T... 2,20 PG 90 989 C; iqve 2, 18 PG 90, 989B da 2,33 PG 90, 996 AB 

129

SezRudulobis miuxedavad, narCundeba da viTardeba kidec sicocxlis 

veqtoris ganmsazRvrelad warmarTvisas: 396 

“zogierTi ambobs, rom eSmakebi exebian sxeulis asoebs (!!) da Zilis 

dros aRZraven siZvis vnebas. Semdeg amoZravebuli vneba gonebaSi 

mexsierebiT aRidgens qalis xats. xolo zogierTi ambobs, rom [demonebi] 

qalis saxiT eCvenebian, exebian sxeulis asoebs da aRZraven survils da 

amgvarad iqmneba fantaziebi. sxvebi ki [amboben], rom vneba, romelic aris 

moaxloebul demonSi, aRZravs vnebas da ase ainTeba gulis-sityvisaken 

suli da xatebs aRadgens mexsierebaSi. sxva vnebul fantaziebze msgavsad 

ambobs zogi amas da zogi imas. Tumca, Tu sulSi arsebobs siyvaruli da 

TavSekaveba, arc erTi naTqvami xerxiT ar SeuZliaT eSmakebs, aamoZraon 

romelime vneba arc sxeulis sifxizleSi da arc ZilSi”. 397 

maSasadame, logismo aris erTgvari stiqia an, SeiZleboda gveTqva, 

stiqiuri energia, romelic SesaZloa gaformdes, rogorc sinTetur, anu 

Sedgenil xatad, magram es ukve iqneba nebelobis aqti. calke aRebuli 

logismo igive STabeWdilebaa da gaformebuli xatad ki xdeba wadilis 

obieqti, anu survili, “ndoma” (amdenad, igi ukavSirdeba sulis ndomobiT 

nawils). STabeWdileba ki SeiZleba arsebobdes adamianis mexsierebaSi da 

ori an meti STabeWdilebis (mag., garedan momavali logismos da Sinagani 

STabeWdilebis) SeerTebisas xdeba sinTezuri logismo, romelic ukve 

wilnayaria formasTan, anu azrTan: 

“pirvelad mexsiereba liton logismos warudgens gonebas, xolo iq 

dayovnebisas amoZravdeba vneba. 398 [...] zogi logismoTagani aris martivi, 

zogi ki _ sinTeturi (σύνθετοι, Sedgenili). martivebi aris uvnebo, xolo 

sinTeturi _ Sevnebuli (εµπαθείς, vnebuli, vnebiani), rogorc vnebisagan da 

azrisagan (νοήµα) Sedgmuli (συγκειµένοι)”. 399 

individis cnobierebaSi moxvedrili sxva, meore individi rCeba stiqiuri 

energiis doneze, Tu RmerTis vertikalze ar moxda am energiis 

dakristaleba (anu, mxolod adamianisa da RmerTis energiebis 

Tanxvedrisas, anu Tanamoqmedebisas xdeba SesaZlebeli “sxvaSi” 

pirovnuli birTvis aRmoCena da pyroba). maqsimesaTvis ara aqvs 

gansxvaveba, saidan modis logismo _ Sinagani Tu garegani 

STabeWdilebisagan. mTavari da gadamwyveti aris pirovnebis nebelobis 

aqti. Tu nebeloba aRmarTulia RmerTsityvisaken, maSin misi cnobierebis 

intenciuri obieqti Rebulobs konkretuli, realuri pirovnebis 

konturebs da xdeba stiqiuri energiis gapirovnebuloba. amdenad, 

396 zogadad demonisa da adamianis mimarTebaze maqsimesTan ix. L. Thunberg, Microcosm and 

Mediator... 167-169. 

397 siyvarulis T... 2,85 PG 90 1012 BC 

398 siyvarulis T... 1,84 PG 90, 980 B 

399 siyvarulis T... 2,84 PG 90 1009 D 

130

cnobierebaSi mexsierebidan amotivtivebuli stiqiuri energiac SeiZleba 

gaformdes cocxal pirovnebad maradiulobis vertikalze 

dakristalebisas. amgvarad, stiqiuri realobidan SeiZleba SeiZerwos 

cocxali intersubieqturi saeklesio-evqaristiuli realoba an 

monosubieqturi iluziuri sinamdvile, sadac “sxvebi” rCebian 

fantazirebul subieqtebad da verasdros “gankacdebian” realur 

pirovnebad. 400 Cven SegveZlo gveTqva, rom xdeba am “sxvebis” demonizacia 

da iluziuri samyaro iqceva demonebiT dasaxlebul qveynierebad, 

romlis ukiduresi xatia jojoxeTis simbolo. iq ukve demonebi 

batonoben da ara adamianebi. iluziuri samyaro iqceva mtrul msofliod, 

sadac adamians aRar daedgomeba, magram ar SeuZlia mas Tavi daaRwios. 

adamiani xdeba Tavisive iluziuri sinamdvilis tyve. esaa nebelobis 

sruli degradireba da jojoxeTi. 401 

400 cneba intersubieqturoba ix. Χ. Γιανναράς, Σχεδίασµα εισαγωγής στη φιλοσοφία... 268, 285 da Ν. 

Λουδοβίκος, Η Κλειστή Πνευµατικότητα και το Νόηµα του Εαυτού, Αθηνα, 1999, 315-321. orive es avtori 

akritikebs ara mxolod am cnebas (Intersubjektivität) edmund huserlTan (Edmund Husserl), 

aramed mTel dasavlur azrovnebas. maT miaCniaT, rom dasavlur filosofiur 

azrovnebaSi daikarga namdvili pirovnulobis gageba da amis mizezs xedaven sxva mesTvis 

(alter ego) sakmarisi ontologiuri safuZvlis ararsebobaSi. amis gamo, maTi azriT, 

dasavluri subieqti yovelTvis rCeba iluziuri. am problemis dasaZlevad isini 

sanacvlod Tavazoben AaRmosavlur triadologiur paradigmas. Cven aq ar vcdilobT am 

sakiTxis kvlevas. mxolod viyenebT cneba intersubieqturobas huserlis naazrevTan 

aluziisaTvis. karteziuli ganazrebanis me-5 nawilSi (gansakuTrebiT $$54-56, 58), mas 

Semdeg, rac transcendenturi ego aRar imyofeba ukve marto, aramed aprezentaciis 

meSveobiT “amCnevs” sxva subieqtur monadebsac, warmoiqmneba monadebis erToba. am 

erTobaSi centraluria Cemi monada da danarCenebi ki periferiulia. es monadebi 

urTierToben erTmaneTTan da sityvebiTa da sxvadasxva saSualebiT erTmaneTs uziareben 

imas, rac xdeba TavianT transcendentur samyaroebSi. aseTi komunikaciisas warmoiSoba 

intersubieqturi samyaro. esaa monadebis erToblivi samyaro, anu samyaro, romelSic 

urTierToben monadebi da romeli samyaros sagnebis Sesaxebac monadebs SeuZliaT, 

uTxran erTmaneTs da gaagebinon. am samyaroSi Sedis garemo, bunebac da sociumic. anu 

garemo, bunebrivi da socialuri, Tavis sazriss Rebulobs mxolod aseT 

intersubieqtur velSi. Cvenc aseTi mniSvnelobiT viyenebT am termins: 

pirovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobisas warmoiqmneba esa Tu is samyaro, romelSic 

cxovroben es pirovnebebi. pirovnebebi Tavad, TavianTi arCevaniT, aformeben imTaviTve 

neitralur garemos im saxlad, sadac cxovroben. 

401 am TemasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa XV saukunis bolos bizantiis ukanaskneli 

didi RvTismetyvelis, wm. nikolao kabasilas, msjeloba. igi Tavis TxzulebaSi, 

qristeSi sicocxlis Sesaxeb (§ 1, Tavi 12-22), jojoxeTs ar ganacalkevebs amasoflisagan. 

metic, rodesac is laparakobs qristes jojoxeTSi Casvlaze, igi mas (Casvlas) 

ganixilavs Ria procesad, romelic grZeldeba saeklesio misteriebisa da masTan 

dakavSirebuli qristianuli cxovrebis (ZvelqarTulad moqalaqobis) gziT samyaros 

aRsasrulamde. kabasila ambobs, rom ufali ganaTavisuflebs jojoxeTis tiraniis qveS 

myof mxolod im adamianebs, romlebic ganamzadeben sakuTar Tavs qristeSi gamovlenili 

samarTlianobis misaRebad. xolo es mzadyofna unda gamoixatebodes ara mxolod 

Sinagani Zalebis mowesrigebulobaSi, aramed imaSic, rom isini ukmayofiloni unda 

iyvnen da aprotestebdnen adamianis Cagvrasa da damonebas da, amasTan erTad, 

natruloben da mTeli guliT swadiaT tiranis Camogdeba. xolo isini, vinc kmayofili 

arian arsebuli jojoxeTuri, anu tiranuli mdgomareobiT da iluziuri sinamdvilis 

monobas sisaZagled ar miiCneven, ar arian mzad raime cvlilebisaTvis, anu qristeSi 

131

maqsimes mixedviT, vnebebi viTardeba Tanamimdevrulad: erTi Sobs 

meores, meores mosdevs mesame da ase Semdeg. es sqema ZiriTadad rva 

vnebuli logismosagan aris Sedgenili. mTavari vnebaa Tavmoyvareoba, 

romelsac Seadgens rva danarCeni: mucelcofoba (γαστριµαργία 402 ); siZva; 

vercxlismoyvareoba; mwuxareba; risxva; sevda; mediduroba da 

ampartavneba. 403 

vneba xdeba codva, rodesac neba daeTanxmeba Sevnebul logismos da 

gadaizrdeba naTvisobaSi, xolo Semdeg ki moqmedebaSi: 

“moakvdineT Tqveni asoebi, romlebic arian miwaze: siZva, uwmiduroba, 

vnebuloba, boroti ndomoba da zedmetmomgebloba da sxva amaTgani” 

(kolas 3,5). miwa uwoda xorcis mzraxvelobas (φρόνηµα), siZva _ moqmedebiT 

codvas: uwmiduroba _ masTan daTanxmebas, vnebuloba Sevnebul logismos 

daarqva, ndomoba _ ndomobis boroti litoni logismos miRebas, 

zedmetmomgeblobas _ vnebis dambadebel da gamzrdel nivTs. xorcis 

mzraxvelobis am asoebis mokvdineba brZana saRvTo mociqulma. 404 

nebeloba moqceulia Caketil wreSi da nabij-nabij miemarTeba sikvdilis 

tiraniaSi saboloo waxdenisaken. 405 am situaciaSi mxolod qristea 

mxsneli: 

“yoveli codva siamovnebisaTvis aResruleba. is gaqarwyldeba nebsiTi Tu 

uneblie avgamcdelobiT da mwuxarebiT. [da aseve] sinanuliT an 

winaazrovnebiT mowevnuli gangebulebiTi gansacdeliT, ‘Tuki sakuTar 

Tavs ganvsjidiT [...], ar ganvisjebodiT. xolo gansjilni uflis mier 

aRvizrdebiT, raTa ar davisajoT sofelTan erTad’ (1 kor 11, 31-32)”. 406 

maSasadame, Tavmoyvareobis codvil wreSi momwyvdeuli adamiani mxolod 

tkivilis gancdiT fxizldeba. igi gadaafasebs (µετα-νο-ία, gonebas icvlis, 

nanobs) Tavis arsebul realobas. tkivili aris siamovnebisagan waxdenili 

bunebis wamali, romelic RmerTsityvam gangebulebiT winaswar 

jojoxeTisagan TavisuflebisaTvis. amrigad, isini rCebian jojoxeTis tiraniis qveS, ese 

igi iluziuri samyaros monopersonalur/egocentrul realobaSi (Ν. Καβάσιλα, Περὶ τῆς ἐν 

Χριστῷ Ζωῆς, ΕΠΕ 22, Θεσσαλονίκη, 279-295). am TemasTan dakavSirebiT ixileT, agreTve Π. Νέλλα, 

Περί δικαιώσεως διδασκαλία Νικολάου του Καβάσιλα, Πειραιάς 1975, 94-100, 151-158). igive adamianuri 

viTarebaa aRwerili Teodore dostoevskis roman Zmebi karamazovebis personaJ ivane 

karamazovis moTxrobil miTSi “didi inkvizitori” da Wabua amirejibis roman daTa 

TuTaSxias personaJis, “abel (arqifo) seTuris”, tipaJiT. orive SemTxvevaSi adamianebi 

nebayoflobiT emonebian tirans da arian sakuTar iluziur sinamdviles damonebulebi. 

402 γαστριµαργία – gemoTmoyvareoba, sanovageTmoyvareoba. am berZnuli kompozitis meore 

Semadgeneli _ µάργος (µαργαίνω, µαργάω, µαργότης) niSnavs giJs, gagiJebuls, sulels, cofians, 

gacofebuls, gadareuls. 

403 

Sdr. evagre pontoeli, rva logismos Sesaxeb, PG 40, 1272A- 1276 A. samecniero 

literaturaSi miCneulia, rom rva logismos es sqema momdinareobs evagre 

pontoelisagan. amis Sesaxeb ix. Αλ. Ραντοσάβλιεβιτς, Το µυστήριον της Σωτηρίας... 132-137. 

404 siyvarulis T... 1,83 PG 90, 980 A 


406 siyvarulis T... 2, 41 PG 90, 997D-100A 

132

gansazRvra, radgan ganWvrita adamianis codvisaken dacureba. RmerTi 

miuSvebs adamianebs gansacdelebisaken da maTi saSualebiT kurnavs maT. 

adamiani, Tavis mxriv, mas Semdeg, rac gadaxedavs (µετανοία) Tavis 

mdgomareobas da gansjis sakuTar Tavs, unda miiRos mowevnuli 

gansacdelebi, rogorc daqsaqsuli bunebis kvlav aRdginebis saSualeba. 

saWiroa qmnili nebelobis sruli damorCileba RvTaebrivi nebelobisadmi, 

anu logosebisadmi. 

3.2.3. sulis Zalebis evqaristiuli aRdgena 

“sikvdilis aCrdilia adamianis sicocxle. vinc aris RmerTSi da RmerTi 

[ki] _ masSi, mas SeuZlia gabeduld (εναργώς, cxadad) Tqvas: ‘romc viaro 

sikvdilis aCrdilSi, ar SemeSindeba siboroteebis, radgan Sen CemSi xar’ 

(fs 22,4)”. 407 

407 siyvarulis T... 2,96 PG 90, 1016 CD: “sikvdilis aCrdilia adamianis sicocxle. vinc aris 

RmerTTan da RmerTi [ki] masTan, mas SeuZlia cxadad Tqvas: ‘romc viaro sikvdilis 

aCrdilSi, ar SemeSindeba siboroteebis, radgan Sen CemTan xar’ (fs.22)”. 22-e fsalmuni, 

romlis safuZvelze msjelobs aq maqsime, WeSmaritad erT-erTi dramatuli bibliuri 

locvaa. es im fsalmunTagania, romlebic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben qristianul 

liturgiaSi (Psalm Twenty- Three. An Anthology, Versions Collected and Annotated by K.H. Strange and 

R.G.E Sandbach, Edited “The Saint Andrew Press”, Edinburgh 1978, 4). netarma avgustinem es fsalmuni 

airCia, rogorc mowameTa himni (John H. Eaton, The Psalms Come Alive, Edit “Mowbray”, London, Oxford 

1984, 139), radgan es aris kvdomasa da sikvdils Soris daZabuli da intensiuri 

cxovrebis amsaxveli (The New Interpreter’s Bible, Vol.4, Abingdon Press, Nashville 1996, 770-771). 22-e 

fsalmuni beWeds asvams 21-e fsalmunis dramatul ganviTarebas (Eaton John H., 139). es 

ukanaskneli dayofilia or ZiriTad scenur nawilad: muxli 1-21 aris glova sikvdilze 

(martosuli garSemortymulia sikvdiliT. jojoxeTis cxovelebi exvevian mas (fs. 21, 1). 

xolo 22-31-e muxlebi aris zeimi adgilze, sadac sufevs sicocxle (sikvdilis Crdili 

aris adgili, sadac adamiani ganicdis yvela sasikvdilo tanjvas, magram swored am 

adgilidan aRmocendeba sicocxlis uZlieresi samefo). 22-e fsalmuni SeiZleba miviCnoT 

mesame scenad. ufali, rogorc mwyemsi-mefe ufro Zlieria, vidre sikvdilis mwyemsi. 

,,SaveTis veli” (“The shadow of death”, “sikvdilis Crdili”) an ,,wyvdiadi” (,,deep darkness”) 

niSnavs, rom safrTxe realuria, magram ar unda gveSinodes, radgan mwyemsis 

mzrunveloba sakmarisia (,,4. vidodiRaTu Soris aCrdilTa sikudilisaTa, ara SemeSinos 

me borotisagan, rameTu Sen Cem Tana xar; kuerTxman Senman da arganman Senman – amaT 

nugeSinismces me. 5. ganhmzade winaSe Cemsa tablaÁ winaSe maWirvebelTa CemTa; ganapoxe 

zeTiTa Tavi Cemi da sasumelman Senman damaTro me viTarca urwyulman”). mTavari 

mtkicebulebaa ,,Sen Cem Tana xar” (The New Interpreter’s Bible, 768). gansacdelis da safrTxis 

momentSi garkveuli fsalmunebis mReras hqonda TiTqmis zebunebrivi, saswaulTmoqmedi 

da eqstazuri efeqti (John H. Eaton, 139). pirovnebas an erTobas, mtkivneuli situaciebis 

dros SeeZlo, eglova RvTis aryofnis (RvTis ganSorebis) gamo da amave dros 

aRtacebulni (eqstazirebulni) yofiliyvnen RvTis Tanamyofobis myisieri grZnobiT. 

logikuria, rom es Tanamyofoba Cven SeiZleba gavigoT, rogorc 

esqatologiur/esqatologiuri (Richard. J. Clifford, Psalms 1-72, Abindon Press, Nashville 2002, 17; 

Westermann Claus, The Living Psalms, Edinburgh 1989, 2-3, 7: “The Psalms are oriented towards the Temple rather 

than accompaniments to Temple ceremonies. Thus they mirror the whole of that life, from the Creator, through His 

creation and history, down to the personal suffering of the individual. We can only describe and understand the 

psalms as originating from worship when worship is seen as the unifying centre of the nation’s or Christian 

believer’s common (eucharistocentric) life”). amrigad, SesaZlebelia mTeli sicocxlis mitana da 

miZRvna RvTisTvis (J. David Pleins, The Psalms. Songs of Tragedy, Hope, and Justice, Orbis Book, New York 

133

pirvelqmnili codviT adamiani moeqca fantaziebisa da aCrdilebis 

tyveobaSi, 408 

sadac is martoa da sadac sxvebi arian misi mtrebi. igi 

Seimosavs codviT gauxeSebul da uamravi da danamcecebuli 

simboleoebiT “Sezrqelebul” 

samyaros qmnil samoss, raTa dafaros 

sircxvili (dab 3,7), anu kidev ufro metad ganizRudos sxvebisagan (dab 

3,10). magram, RmerTi Tandamswrea sikvdilis tanjvaSi myofTan da ar 

tovebs mas. igi mas ecxadeba am siboloebSi da uZRvis pirveladi miznis 

ganxorcielebisaken (rogorc zemoT araerTgzis aRvniSneT, qmnili 

samyaro da werili niadag gamocxadebadi RmerTsityvis tania): 

“dasawyisSi RmerTma Seqmna adamiani da samoTxeSi daadgina. [adamianma ki] 

daarRvia mcneba da Cavarda waxdenilobasa da sikvdilSi. RmerTis 

winaazrovneba warmarTavda mas yvela TaobaSi, magram igi SenarCundeboda 

uaresisaken mimarTulad da xorcis mravalgvari JiniT miiyvaneboda am 

cxovrebis sasowarkveTilebaSi. [maSin] RmerTis mxolodSobili Ze, mamis 

winasaukuneTa logosi, sicocxlis da ukvdavebis wyaro, gamogvecxada 

Cven, sikvdilis wyvdiadSi da CrdilSi mjdomareT (esaia 9,2; mT 4,16), 

xorci Seisxa suliwmidisa da wminda qalwulisagan da RmerTsaxovani 

sicocxlis moqalaqeoba gviCvena. wminda mcnebebi mogvca da maT 

[mcnebaTa] mixedviT mcxovrebT zecaTa samefo aRgviTqva. [...] ivno ra 

macxovnebeli vnebiT da aRdga ra mkvdreTiT, aRdgomis imedi da 

maradiuli sicocxle gvaCuqa..., sakuTari cxovnebisaTvis misi 

[RmerTsityvis] mcnebebis dacvisaTvis moRvaweebs suliwmida zegardamo 

mogvivlina sicocxlis windad da Cveni sulebis gansanaTleblad da 

gansawmedad. esaa uflis gankacebis mizani”. 409 

RmerTsityva damswrea adamianur tanjvaSi Tavisi tkiviliTa da Tavisive 

suliwmidiT (“ivno ra macxovnebeli vnebiT”), magram es ar niSnavs 

tkivilis mospobas, aramed imas, rom adamianma unda ataros sakuTari 

tkivili, axla ukve rogorc momaval aRdgomasTan suliwmidiseuli 

dawinduloba. maqsimes mixedviT, moRvawisaTvis ara sasowarkveTilebis, 

aramed imedis momgvrelia tkivili. 

orgvaria RmerTis mier winaazrovnebiTad adamianSi imTaviTve 

Canergili tkivili: nebsiTi da uneblie. orive siamovnebiseuli 

dacemulobis gasauvnebelmyofeli saSualebaa: “yoveli tkivili, uneblie 

Tu nebsiTi, sikvdilis dedis, romelicaa siamovneba, xdeba sikvdili”. 410 

1993, 46-47) da, Tu es asea, maSin yoveldRiuri cxovreba, cxovreba godebasa da rwmenaSi 

gadaiqceva evqaristul ZRvnad (Nicolaos Cabasilas, The Life in Christ, The Fifth Book, §4, Translated 

from Greek by Carmino J. deCatanzaro, edited at St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, New York,1974, 151: “The man 

recollect himself and bend on himself and come back to himself, that makes God truly dwell in the soul and makes 

the heart an altar”). 

408 Sdr. Cveni Rirsi mamis maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobisaTvis, PG 90, 91C: 

“Txzavda ra [igi] ocnebebs da aCrdilebs da fantaziebs”. 

409 moRvaweobisaTvis sityva kiTxvebad da pasuxebad 1. 

410 Talasesadmi... 42 PG 90, 428 B 

134

uneblie tkivili, “sikvdilis sawerteli”, farulad spobs bunebis 

waxdenilobas. igi daangrevs RmerTis siyvarulsa da adamians Soris am 

ukanasknelis arCevanis mier agebul gadaulaxav kedels: “mas unda 

swored cxovneba, vinc samkurnalo wamlebs ar SeewinaaRmdegeba. esaa 

sxvadasxva gansacdeliT mowevnuli tkivili da wuxilebi”. 411 

RmerTi adamianis arsebobaSi 412 Careulia “winaazrovnebiT mowevnuli 

gangebulebiTi gansacdeliT”. 413 xolo, “gansacdelebi SeemTxveva zogs 

warsulSi momxdari codvebis gaqarwylebisaTvis, zogs _ awmyoSi 

moqmedebulisaTvis, xolo zogs _ momavalSi qmnadis (mosaxdenis) 

Sesawyvetad (eseni ar arian gamosacdelad mowevnuli, imgvarad, rogorc 

es iobis SemTxvevaSi iyo)”. 414 tkiviliani gansacdeli Searyevs nebelobis 

TviTkmarobas. is aiZulebs adamians, ar iyos koncentrirebuli mxolod 

nivTierze, aramed damorCildes nivTierSi CaTesil saRvTo nebelobebs. 

amgvarad, damorCilebuli gardaiqmneba da Seicnobs RmerTis siyvarulis 

“vnebas”, romelic qristeSi da qristed ganxorcielda: 

“rogorc martivi adamianuri sagnebis logismo ar aiZulebs gonebas, 

ugulebelyos saRmrTo [sagnebi]. aseve arc saRmrToTa martivi codna 

arwmunebs [mas], srulad ugulebelyos adamianuri sagnebi, radgan axla 

Crdilsa (sikvdilis CrdilSi, anu tkivilSi –k.k) da varaudebSi arsebobs 

WeSmariteba. amgvarad, [goneba] wminda siyvarulis sanetaro Jinis (πάθους) 

moqenea, romelic miabams mas sulier xedvebs da daarwmunebs [mas], 

nivTierT amjobinos univTo da grZnobadT goniTsawvdomi (noeturi) da 

saRvTo”. 415 

adamianSi tkivilis vneba (πάθος) morCilebis gziT gardaiqmneba saRvTo 

sagnebis (saRvToTas) siyvarulad, anu saRvTo paTosad (πάθος, Jinad). 

nivTier saganTa simboloebis nislSi, sikvdilis mravalsaxovani 

tkivilis CrdilSi ganiWvriteba WeSmariteba. “uneblie tkivilis” 

moRvaweobiT miReba, Tavmdabluri TviTuaryofa da mxolod sakuTar 

ZalebSi Tavdajerebulobis mitoveba aris vnebuli Tavmoyvareobis 

uaryofa da asketikis arsi: “Tavmdabloba aris cremliTa da tkiviliT 

niadag locva. is marad mouxmobs RmerTs da ar anebebs sakuTar Zalas da 

sibrZnes ugunurad kadnierebas”. 416 


412 Sdr. siyvarulis T... 2,96 PG 90, 1016 C: “vinc aris RmerTan, da RmerTi [ki] masTan...” 





135

swored aseTi moRvaweobisas paradoqsulad “gaTamaSdeba” 

adamianuri Tavisufleba. TviTukmarobaSi SemozRudva da dateva mis 

sazRvrebSi aris swored dacemuli da individualebad dayofili bunebis 

tiraniisagan gaTavisuflebis procesi. rodesac adamiani aRiarebs, rom 

tkivili, romelsac is ganicdis, aris “kanonieri”, anu sworad Semowers 

mis, rogorc nebayoflobiTi codviT dacemuli qmnilebis, sazRvrebs, 

roca is imyofinebs Tavis SemosazRvrul realobas da aRiarebs Tavisive 

Seqmnil sazRvrulobas, sadac is sakuTari arCevaniT Caiketa; rodesac is 

ar ewinaaRmdegeba martoobis tkivils, aramed Rebulobs mas, rogorc 

martoobidan gamosvlis SesaZleblobas, swored maSin masSi iwyebs 

gamovlinebas uqmneli “saRmrTo madli yovlisa aRmavsebeli”. 

amrigad, tkivili ver gaxdeba RmerTis realobis Secnobis sawyisi, 

Tu ar iqna amisaTvis Tavisufali nebis arCevani, radgan pirovneba, 

Tavisufalia yovelgvari Zaldatanebisa da bunebiTi iZulebisagan da 

aris is, vinc Rebulobs saboloo gadawyvetilebas. mxolod gonieri aqti 

xdis adamians RmerTSemecnebis subieqtad da ara garedan Tavsmoxveuli 

keTili neba. Tavisufleba gulisxmobs RmerTis mxridan siyvaruls da 

aseve qmnilebis mxridan siyvarulis Segnebul pirovnul saTanado aqts. 

uneblie gansacdelTa daTmena ar gulisxmobs “zegardamo” Sewyalebis 

pasiur lodins, aramed aqtiur TviTgaxsnas sxvisi realobis misaRebad. 

xolo Tuki “sxvebi aris jojoxeTi”, maSin sxvebTan pirispir 

SexvedrisaTvis Tavis Segnebuli Cagdeba am jojoxeTSi moRvawes aqcevs 

saboloo realobis, anu RmerTis Semmecnebel pirovnebad. 

rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, dacemuli bunebis tirania gamomdinareobs 

sulis Zalebis disharmoniisagan, rodesac nebeloba moSlilia da mis 

adgilze aRmocenebulia “axirebuloba”. swored Tavmoyvareobis 

axirebuloba xdis bunebas Zalmomred. maqsimes azriT, tanjvis 

Tavisufali miRebiT sulis Zalebi moipoveben TavianT WeSmarit 

ganzomilebebs, bunebiT miswrafebas saRvTo siyvarulis mimzidveli 

Zalisaken. es Zala ki adamians aRadgens madlismierad im adamianur 

bunebaSi, romelic miiRo qristem Tavis pirovnebaSi: 

“vinc am Zalebs [ndomobas da gzebas] daumorCilebs gonebas (λόγω), is 

ndomobas ipovnis Tavad siamovnebad qceuls sulis madlSi RmerTTan 

SeubRalavi (αχράντον) Seqsovilobis gamo; xolo gzebas, aumRvrevel 

mxurvalebas, saRvToTa Sesaxeb siamovnebis damcvelad da brZnul sigiJed 

(µανίαν, Sepyrobilobad), [romelic aris] sulis miswrafebis Sesabamisi 

136

aRtacebis (θελκτικής, moxiblulobis) Zalis arsebulTagan srulad 

garegamomabijebeli (εκστατικήν, maeqstazirebeli)”. 417 

vxedavT, rom sulieri Zalebis aRdgena gadawyvetilebisa da nebelobis 

saqmea. adamianis nebeloba dacemuli da wamxdaria, magram igi, amave dros, 

aRmdgari da gankurnebulia qristeSi (swored amitom iyo maqsimesaTvis 

aucilebeli, rom qristeSi adamianuri nebeloba srulad yofiliyo 

mocemuli, radgan “rac ar aris miRebuli mis mier, is ganukurnebelicaa”). 

magram rogorc nebelobis waxdena, rac gamoixateba mis tiraniasa da 

ucodnelobisadmi daqvemdebarebaSi, stadiuri procesia, aseve misi 

aRdgena aris mxolod TandaTanobiTi, romelic mimdinareobs “Tavis 

droSi”. is xdeba SesaZlebeli, rogorc vTqviT, mxolod gankacebuli 

RmerTsityvis macxovnebeli Carevisas. igi (RmerTsityva) ki aris damswre 

(pirvel rigSi misterialurad), rogorc bunebis sawinaaRmdego nebelobis 

gardamsaxveli gangrZobadi movlena (“misterialuri xdomoba”). magram 

nebelobis gardasaxvas uTuod win uZRvis sakuTari uZlurebis gancda, 

rasac, aseve uciloblad unda mosdevdes moyvasis, anu 

“Tanaadamianisadmi” TanagrZnoba, ese igi nebis Semobruneba sakuTari 

bunebisadmi, rac gulisxmobs Tavis Tanaarsisadmi Semobrunebas. 

RmerTsityvis daxmareba, rogorc zegardamo, “Sveuli” Careva, aris 

“Tarazuli”, drosa da sivrceSi gangrZobadi procesi – buneba unda 

gamoixsnas da gafarTovdes Tanaqmnilebisaken da awmyoSi am RiaobiT 

gadaswvdes momavals. esaa vertikalis da horizontis erTianoba, anu 

asketuri wvrTnis jvari: 

“vinc Seimecna adamianuri bunebis sneulebrioba, man miiRo gamocdileba 

saRvTo Zalis da man am Zalis saSualebiT zog raimes [ukve] miaRwia, 

zogs ki eswrafis miaRwios da [amasTan erTad] ar Seuracxyofs aravis 

adamianTagans. [man] gaigo, rom rogorc mas daexmara da mraval da mZime 

[danaSaulobebisagan] ganaTavisufla, aseve SeuZlia yvelas daexmaros, 

rodesac inebebs da umetesad ki maT, vinc misi gulisaTvis moRvaweobs. 418 

417 Teologiuri Tavebi 3, 56 PG 90, 1284C- 1285A. am pasaJis ukanaskneli frazis Tavisufali 

Targmani SeiZleba aseTi yofiliyo: “gonieri mania, romelic aris iseTi mdgomareoba, 

rodesac mSvenierebisaken moswrafe suli imgvarad moxibluli da Sepyrobili xdeba 

RmerTiT, rom iviwyebs yovel arsebuls”. Sdr. siyvarulis T... 2,48 PG 90, 1000CD: “visi 

gonebac marad aris RmerTisaken, misi ndomobac RmerTisaken zeizrdeba trfialebad da 

gzneba mTlianad saRvTo siyvarulad gadaiqceva. saRvTo minaTebis mravalwlovani 

ziarebiT mTlianad naTelsaxovani gaxda da misi vnebiTi nawili Tavis TavSi (gonSi) 

SeamWidrova; saRvToTa trfialeba moudunebel da uwyvet siyvarulad moaqcia da 

miwieri [sagnebisagan] mTlianad gadaiyvana saRvToTaganze”. 

418 “aseve SeuZlia, yvelas daexmaros, rodesac inebebs da umetesad ki maT, vinc misi 

gulisaTvis moRvaweobs” – am frazis mixedviT, RmerTi daexmareba Tav-Tavis droze 

yvelas, maT Soris imaTac, vinc misken ar iswrafis Segnebulad. ufro vrclad am Temaze 

ix. qvemoT, me-4 TavSi. 

137

Tumca garkveuli gansjis mixedviT (κρίµασι τίσιν) yvelas ar 

ganaTavisuflebs vnebebisagan, magram, rogorc keTili da 

adamianTmoyvare (kacTmoyvare), Tavis droze (Tavis droSi) TiToeul 

[misken] moswrafes [mainc] gankurnavs”. 419 

saWirod migvaCnia, ganvavrcoT es Tema. maSasadame, RmerTsityvis 

pirovnuli siyvaruli Tavs idebs tkivils da Sedis sikvdilis sferoSi. 

am gziT is vnebisa da sikvdilis borkilebisagan, romelic aris bunebis 

sawinaaRmdego ndomoba, gaaTavisuflebs adamianur nebelobas. maqsimes 

TeologiaSi amgvarad gaTavisuflebuli adamianis nebelobis moqmedeba 

mowmobs adamianis qristeSi Tavisuflebas. adamiani aRar aris Tavis 

bunebas damonebuli ualternativo arseba, aramed mas kvlav uCndeba Zala, 

gaarRvios TviTizolaciis yru kedeli. es Zala mas ubiZgebs, Sevides 

moRvaweobiTi wvrTnis gansacdelSi, rac Semoatrialebs logosebis 

bunebis sawinaaRmdego msvlelobas da gardaqmnis mis nebelobas. 420 

amgvarad transformirebuli nebeloba aris arsebobis axali saxe, 

romelic Tavisufalia yoveli garegani nebelobis tiraniisagan, 

codvismieri waxdenilobisa da izolirebulobisagan (radgan, swored 

izolirebuli, sxeulze koncentrirebuli arseboba eqceva bunebiTi 

nebelobis tiraniis qveS. codvaSi datyvevebuli pirovnebisaTvis Tavad 

sakuTari buneba xdeba garegani da ucxo). am axali sicocxlisas (βίον 

καινόν) saerTo kacobrivi bunebiTi nebeloba xdeba ara iZulebiTad 

daqvemdebarebuli saRvTosadmi, rogorc ram gareganisadmi, aramed 

TanaqmnilebebTan mistiurad SeerTebuli qristes sxeulSi avlens saRvTo 

nebasTan RmerTmamakacurad TanaSemWidroebul harmoniul, anu “Seurwymel 

(ασύγχυτως) da ganuyofl” Tanamoqmedebas: 

“rogorc [zemoT] gadmocemulia, ise [unda] gavigoT RmerTmamakacuri 

energia: icxovra (πολιτευσάµενος, imoqalaqeva) [qristem] misiT 

[RmerTmamakacuri energiiT] da zebunebriviT gangvaaxla [swored] Cven da 

ara sakuTari [RvTaebrivi] buneba. cxovreba (πολιτεία, moqalaqeoba) aris 

bunebis kanoniT aRsrulebuli sicocxle. ufali myofobda ormagi 

bunebiT 421 da, cxadia, saRvTo da adamianuri kanonis Sesaferisi sicocxle 

aCvena da misi [cxovrebis] Sesabamisad hqonda [ormagi buneba]. erTSi [Tavis 

RvTaebriv pirovnebaSi] Seurevnelad (ασυγχύτως) TanaSemWidroebuli _ 

axali da igive, ara rogorc mxolod ucxo da uCveulo miwierTaganTvis 

da, amgvarad, arsebulTa bunebas gacnobili, aramed axleburad mcxovrebis 

(καινώς βιωσάντος) axali moqmedebis Tviseba (χαρακτήρα). [dionise areopagelma] 

samarTlianad daarqva mas RmerTmamakacuri. man am saidumlosaTvis 



421 RmerTsityvis erTi Sedgenili hipostasis Sesaxeb ix. J.D. Madden, Composite Hypostasis in 

Maximus Confessor, Studia Patristica, 27 (1993) 175-197 

138

saTanadod moifiqra [es saxeli], raTa eCvenebina gamouTqmeli saxe imisa, 

Tu rogor urTierTmonacvleobiT miscemen erTmaneTs Tvisebebs qristeSi 

gamouTqmel SeerTebisas bunebiT TavisTavadi nawilebi, rasac [Tvisebebis 

gaziarebas] TiToeuli Taviseburad aRasrulebs imis gareSe, rom erTi 

nawilis bunebiTi logosi Seicvalos da Seerwyas meores”. 422 

adamianis pirovnebis Tavisuflebaze gavrcelebuli es 

dioTelitur/dioenergiuli TvalTaxedva gulisxmobs qristeSi iseT 

Tanacxovrebas, rodesac RmerTsityva xdeba RvTaebrivi codnis 

“kari/gasaRebi”, “gza” da “samefo”: 

“RmerTsityva iwodeba karad (ioan 10, 9), radgan Sehyavs codnaSi 

isini, vinc saqmeebis ubiwo bilikis Sesabamisi siqveleebis mTeli 

gza keTilad ganvlo; sinaTled, [radgan aCvenebs] maT sibrZnis 

mravalmnaTob saunjes; Tavadvea [qriste] gza da kari da gasaRebi da 

samefo: gza, rogorc megzuri; gasaRebi, rogorc RirseulTaTvis 

saRvToTa gamRebeli da [Tavadac] gaRebuli; kari, rogorc 

Semyvanebeli; samefo, rogorc memkvidreobad mogebuli 

(κληρονοµούµενος) da wilmqoneobiTad yvelaSi damkvidrebuli (εν πάσι 

γινόµενος)”. 423 

yvelas SeuZlia, eziaros qristes da yvelaSi SeiZleba mkvidrobdes igi. 

yovelive es ki, rogorc RvTaebrivi silamazis samefos adamianSi Caxatva, 

aRsruldeba qristes sxeulSi, anu eklesiaSi suliwmidis moqmedebiT: “da 

sicocxlismqmneli suli moqmedebs codniTi gamocdilebis wiaR Cveni 

silamazis Seucvlel (άτρεπτον, ucvalebel) gasrulebas”. 424 

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, “siamovnebis ndomoba da tkivilis SiSi” 425 

unda amoiZirkvos adamianisagan, radgan “siamovnebis gamo gviyvars vnebebi 

da tkivilis gamo gavurbivarT siqveles”. 426 siqvelis mTavari mizani ki 

aris “wminda siyvaruli”, romelic sulis Zalebis WeSmarit ierarqias 

aRadgens da amasTanave aaRorZinebs qmnili samyaros ierarqiasac samebis 

Sida, anu iseTi ierarqiis mixedviT, sadac ar arsebobs subordinacia da 

piramiduli ZalmomreobiTi daqvemdebarebuloba. 427 

yvelaze Zneli aris sulis gznebiTi nawilis aRdgena. Zalian 

Znelia siZulvilisa da mrisxanebis aRmofxvra: “Znelad mosarevia sulis 

gznebiTi nawilis vnebebi, vidre ndomobiTis SemTxvevaSi” 428 , qriste ki 

422 sxvadasxva siZnele... 4 PG 91, 1057D-1060A 

423 Tavebi Teologiis Sesaxeb... 2, 69 PG 90, 1156Α 

424 Talasesadmi... 6 PG 90, 279A 

425 sxvadasxva Tavi... PG 90, 1197 AB 

426 sxvadasxva Tavi... PG 90, 1197 C 

427 piramiduli ierarqiis Sesaxeb Cven zemoT, meore TavSi, ukve visaubreT, rodesac 

dionise areopagelis RvTisSemecnebas ganvixilavdiT. 

428 siyvarulis T... 1, 61, PG 90, 973A da moRvaweobisaTvis sityva... PG 90, 917 B 

139

iTxovs “raTa siZulvilisagan, mwuxarebisagan da mrisxanebisagan 

gaTavisuflde da siyvarulis udidesi monapovaris Rirsi gaxde”. 429 am da 

sxva vnebebTan brZola, aseve fxizlad yofna fiqrebisa da grZnobebis 

wmindad SenaxvisaTvis aris adamianis nebis da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi 

samyaroseuli bunebis mudmivad wvrTna. es aris moudunebeli moRvaweoba 

marad ganaxlebadi codvis winaaRmdeg. 430 aseTi moRvaweoba ki aris 

qristes sxeulSi warmocarielebiTi (κενοτική) erTianobis mudmivi 

realizeba. Tavis mxriv, TviTwarmocarieleba aris asvla “Tavmdablobis 

mwvervalze” 431 da RmerTis usazRvrobaSi sakuTari SemosazRvrulobis 

gacnobiereba. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, swored TviTSemosazRvrulobis 

Secnoba aZlevs adamians Sanss, daitios Tavis TavSi bunebiT usazRvro 

sameba RmerTi: 

“RmerTisa da mamis sityva [da Tavad] RmerTi TiToeul sakuTar 

mcnebaTaganSi arsebobs saidumlod. xolo RmerTi da mama bunebiTad 

mTlianad arian ganuyofeli mTlian Tavis sakuTar sityvaSi. amrigad, 

saRvTo mcnebis mimRebeli da damcveli, masSi Rebulobs RmerTis sityvas. 

xolo RmerTis sityvis mcnebebSi mimRebeli, mis mier masSi bunebiTad myof 

mamas TanaRebulobs. xolo masSi [mamaSi] ki bunebiTad arsebul 

suliwmidas TanaRebulobs, radgan Tqva [man]:P‘WeSmaritad, geubnebiT, vinc 

miiRebs mas, visac gamovgzavni, me mRebulobs. xolo vinc me mRebulobs, 

Rebulobs Cems gamomgzavnels’ (ioan 13,20). amitom, vinc mcnebas Rebulobs 

da mas aRasrulebs, mas saidumlod aqvs (hyavs) [Tavis TavSi] wminda 

sameba. 432 

RvTismSoblis SemTxvevaSi erTxel ukve moxda istoriaSi logosis 

sruli “dateva”. rwmeniT, anu RmerTsityvis mindobiT logosi 

amoqmeddeba, romelic iyo “Casaxuli” qmnilebisas TiToeul adamianSi. 

“[rwmenas] Tavis TavSi aqvs RvTismSoblis saxe: rogorc 

RvTismSobeli Seiqmna da arsebobda uflisa da Zis mier, xolo man 

[RvTismSobelma] xorciT Sva igi, aseve rwmena logosisgan aris da 

saqmis energiis mier logosi moqmedebaSi mohyavs... 433 xolo qristes 

vambobT, rom aris Segvamovnebuli (ενυπόστατον) rwmena 434 ”. 

Tuki TiToeuli adamiani TviTmitovebiT miendoba RmerTsityvas, maSin 

RvTismSoblis msgavsad xdeba logosis amamoqmedebeli, upirvelesad, 

Tavis TavSi da “Semdgom” (es Tanamimdevroba ar aris droiseuli) igi 

(adamiani) “garegamoabijebs” (eqstazirdeba) hipostazirebul rwmenasTan 

429 siyvarulis T... 1, 66 PG 90, 973C da iqve 4,83 PG 90, 1068D 

430 Sdr. Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 221-222, 223-225. 

431 siyvarulis T... 3.14 PG 90, 1020D 

432 Tavi Teologiis Sesaxeb... 2, 71 PG, 90 1156D-1157A 

433 kiTxvamigeba... 35 ΕΠΕ 14Α, 62 

434 Talasesadmi... 25 PG 90, 332Α 

140

(Sdr. “Segvamovnebuli rwmena”), anu qristesTan erTad mTeli 

qmnilebisaken/Si. amgvarad, yoveli moRvawe xdeba “RvTismSobeli”, Sobs 

ra samyaros mxsnelsa da gardamsaxvel RmerTsityvas, romelSic 

gardaisaxeba Tavadac. anu, rwmenaze dafuZnebul moRvaweobas mihyavs 

adamiani RmerTis imgvari codnisaken, rodesac es codna aqtualizirdeba, 

rogorc konkretuli adamianis nebis da bunebis gardamsaxveli, da, amave 

dros, is adamianis wiaRSi da wiaR samyaros gardaqmnis amjerad ukve 

RvTaebriv “axal sicocxled”. 435 

individis nebeloba aris jansaRi, rodesac is xdeba “nebayoflobiTi 

neba”, anu bunebiTi nebelobis realizireba, radgan es ukanaskneli 

yovelTvis mimarTulia hipostasuri Tavisuflebisaken. bunebiTi nebeloba 

marad keTilia, ese igi misi moqmedebis veqtori mudam mimarTulia 

RmerTisaken. dacemuloba vlindeba ara bunebiT nebelobaSi, aramed misgan 

435 

kirile aleqsandrieli erTgan ambobs, rom RmerTsityvas SeeZlo, uari eTqva 

qalwulisagan Sobaze da SeeZerwa Tavis sxeuli iseve, rogorc es adamis SemTxvevaSi 

iyo, anu miwisagan, magram, pedagogiuri da samoZRvro miznebidan gamomdinare, es ar 

gaakeTa. anu, qalwulisagan Sobis mxolod pedagogiur/samoZRvro miznebi arsebobda da 

ara ontologiur/soterelogiuri aucilebloba (Χρ. Σταµούλη, Θεοτόκος και ορθόδοξο δόγµα, 

Θεσσαλονίκη 1996, 178; misive, Περί της ενανθρωπήσεως του Μονογενούς, Θεσσαλονίκη 2000, 62). maqsimec 

mWidro paralels avlebs qalwulis bunebriv sxeuls, anu “masalasa” (Tbesa) da miwas 

Soris: “RmerTma rogorc aiRo sxeuli materiisagan (ύλης) (romelic iyo axali masala) 

da STahbera masSi sicocxle sakuTari Tavisagan... da Seqmna adamiani, imave saxiT 

uxrwneli qalwulisagan, rogorc ubiwo miwisagan, sxeuli miiRo, sakuTari Tavisagan 

sicocxle STahbera masSi (sxvadasxva siZnele... 108 PG 91 1325AB)”. grigol noselis 

Tanaxmad, morwmune STaefleba wyalSi, radgan wylisa da miwis elementebs (στοιχεία) 

aqvT erTmaneTTan naTesaoba. amis gamo, rogorc qriste daefla miwaSi, aseve morwmune 

STaefloba wyalSi (Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, Εις την ηµέραν των φώτων, PG. 46, 585. ix. eq. 

koWlamazaSvili, wm. grigol noselis «didi kateqeturi sityva» da misi Zveli 

qarTuli Targmani, qristianul-arqeologiuri Ziebani 1/2008, ilia WavWavaZis saxelmw. 

universiteti, 66). amrigad, morwmune inaTleba wyliT da mironcxebas Rebulobs qristes 

sikvdilis mimsgavsebiT, raTa amieridan axali sicocxle icocxlos qristeSi. anu, 

dasawyisSi miwisagan SeZerwa RmerTma adamiani da isic Zerwavs sakuTar Tavs da 

tkivilebis wiaR kvlavSeqmnis (αναστοιχειώνει) mas (sakuTar Tavs) axlad (Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, 

Κατηχητικός Λόγος, PG. 45, 88-89 eq. koWlamazaSvili, wm. grigol noselis «didi kateqeturi 

sityva» 8,4-5, 91; aseve ix. Βασίλειος Μέγας, Περί του Αγίου Πνεέυµατος 15, PG. 32, 126-150; Sdr. Κ. Ν. 

Βατσικούρα, Η έννοια του θανάτου κατά τον άγιο Γρηγόριο Νύσσης, Κατερίνη 1999, 278-287). adamiani xdeba 

sakuTari Tavis “mesame mama”: 1. xorcieli mama; 2. naTlobisas RmerTi; 3. sakuTari Tavi 

moRvaweobiT (grigol RvTismetyveli, sityva 40. naTlobis Sesaxeb 2; maqsime aRms., 

sxvadasxva siZnele... 105-107 PG 91, 1315-1323; Sdr. Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, PG. 44, 701-704: “sulis 

tkivilebis mier sakuTar xsnas vSobT da sakuTari Tavis (TviTis) raRacnairad mama 

vxdebiT”). amrigad, adamiani Tavis xelSi iRebs sakuTar Tavs, rogorc Tbes/masalas da 

Zerwavs mas qristes sxeulad, romelic man (qristem) miiRo qalwulisagan. am saxiT igi 

winuswrebs sayovelTao aRdgomas, anu yovlierebis eklesiad apokatastasiss. qalwulis 

“masala” ar yofila sxva ram gansxvavebuli qveynierebis “sxeulisagan”. morwmune Sobs 

Tavis Tavs da Tavis TavSi qristes ara rogorc mxolod sakuTari xsnis maZiebeli, 

aramed xarobs, radgan winaswar Wvrets samyaros eklesiurobas, romelsac ganicdis, 

grZnobs Tavis pirad sicocxleSi. 

141

gansxvavebul arCevniseul nebaSi. swored bunebiTi nebelobis aRdgenisas 

vlindeba Tavisufleba, romelic aris individualuri bunebis iZulebisa 

(kaprizisagan) da SemosazRvrulobisagan gamoxsnili arsebobis axali 

gvari. es axali sicocxle Tavisufali bunebiTi TviTnebobisagan 

(θελήµασιν), aris mSvidobiani da harmoniuli Tanaarseboba RmerTsa da 

TanaqmnilebasTan: “sulier [ZmebTan] (πνευµατικοίς, sulierebTan) 

Tanacxovrebis amomrCevlma Seni survilebi (θελήµασιν) maT karebTan 

moiSore: sxvanairad ver SesZleb, iyo mSvidobiT verc RmerTTan da verc 

TanamcxovreblebTan”. 436 mxolod xorcieli survilebis nebayoflobiT da 

TavSekavebiT kontrols moaqvs vnebebSi gabneuli bunebis hipostasuri 

erTianoba 437 : 

‘”sxeulis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da Widilisas Cven yovelTvis misken 

[RmerTisaken unda] vixedebodeT da sxeuls SetvirTuli sneuleba 

Rirsebis aRzrda [unda] iyos’. 438 rogorc [grigol RvTismetyvelma] Tqva, 

sulisa da sxeulisagan sikeTiT iqmna adamiani RmerTisagan. misgan mieca 

mzraxveli (λογικήν) da gonieri suli, romelic, erTi mxriv, aris 

Semoqmedis xatisebri da [RmerTisaken] miswrafebis Sesabamisad mTeli 

siyvaruli mTeli ZaliT marad RmerTisaken aqvs mimarTuli da mgavsebas 

(καθ’ οµοίωσιν msgavsebisebrobas) Rebulobs ganRmrTobis Sesabamisad; 

xolo, meore mxriv, icis daqvemdebarebulisadmi zrunvisa da moyvasis 

sakuTari TavisaviT siyvarulis mbrZanebeli mcnebis Sesaxeb da [amis 

gamo] sxeuls keTilgonierad epyroba, raTa siqveleebis gamo CaiTvalos 

[sxeuli RvTis Rirsad] da SeaTvisos (οικειώσαι, SeasakuTros) igi RmerTs, 

rogorc Tavis [sulis] Tanamona. sakuTari TaviT Suamdgomlobs masSi 

[sulSi] damkvidrebul Semoqmeds [RmerTs] da misTvis [sulisaTvis] 

mocemuli ukvdavebis dauxsneli sakvreliT [RmerTiT] TanaSeikravs mas 

[sxeuls], raTa, rogorc RmerTi aris sulisaTvis, ise suli iqces 

sxeulisaTvis; raTa yovlis Semoqmedi [RmerTi] gamoCndes adamianurobis 

(adamianuri bunebis) gziT yvela arsebulSi Sesabamisad myofi; raTa 

mravalma erTmaneTisagan bunebiT ganSorebulma erTad moiyaros Tavi da 

erTmaneTTan SeerTdes erT adamianur bunebad; raTa Tavad RmerTi gaxdes 

yoveli yovelSi (1kor 15,28), miiRebs ra yovelives da Seagvamovnebs ra 

Tavis Tavs (πάντα παραλαβών και ενυπόστησας εαυτώ) imisaTvis, rom arc erT 

arsebulTagans ar hqondeT kvlav moZraoba da umonawileoba mis 

TandaswrebaSi, imisaTvis, rom RmerTebad (ioan 10,35), RmerTis Svilebad 

436 siyvarulis T... 4,38 PG 90, 1056C. mSvidobis cnebisaTvis Zv. aRTqmis TeologiaSi ix. Στ. 

Καλαντζάκης, Ερµηνεία περικοπών της Παλαιάς ∆ιαθήκης, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1999, 438: “[bibliuri mSvidoba 

aris] sisavsis mdgomareoba, romelic ganisazRvreba da moicema Tavad RmerTis mier. es 

sisavse gamoixateba adamianis marTebul urTierTobaSi RmerTTan, harmoniul 

mimoTviseobaSi (σχέσεις, mimarTebaSi, damokidebulebaSi) Tanaadamiansa da bunebasTan da 

aseve mis SerigebaSi sakuTar TavTan”. 

437 Cven xSirad gviwevs erTisa da imave azris gameoreba. amas vakeTebT ori mizezis gamo: 

pirveli, gvaqvs ra mxedvelobaSi is garemoeba, rom axal qarTulad maqsime mcired aris 

Targmnili, gvinda misi rac SeiZleba meti teqsti moviyvanoT, raTa mkiTxvels hqondes 

SesaZlebloba, uSualod gaecnos misi azrovnebis stilsa da Taviseburebebs; meore, 

marTalia, ZiriTadi azri igivea, magram gameorebisas sxvadasxva niuansur aqcents 

vakeTebT, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs, erTi azri davukavSiroT meores. 

438 grigol RvTismetyveli, sityva 14,7. zogadad grigol RvTismetyvelis maqsimeze 

gavlenis Sesaxeb ix. An. Louth, St Gregory the Theologian and St Maximus the Confessor: The Shaping of 

Tradition, The Making and Remaking of Christian Doctrine, Esseys in Honour of Maurice Wiles, Edited by Sarah 

Coakley and David A. Pailin, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, 117-130 

142

(ioan 1,12), sxeulad (efes 1,23), asoebad (efes 5,30), RmerTis nawilebad da 

amdagvarebad viyoT da viwodebodeT [da viyoT] RmerTis saboloo 

miznisaken mimarTulebi, radgan amis gamo da amisaTvis Seiqmna 

adamiani”. 439 

am pasaJSi erTmaneTze damokidebul samgvar gayofaze aris laparaki: 1. 

adamiani gaSorebulia RmerTs; 2. adamianebi gayofili arian 

erTmaneTisagan; 3. adamiani Tavad aris dayofili Tavis TavSi sulad da 

sxeulad. amasTan erTad, Cven zemoT vnaxeT, rom Tavad suli iyofa Tavis 

Zalebad. am danawilebis gamTlianeba aris, ra Tqma unda, RmerTis 

iniciativa qristeSi, magram aranakleb mniSvnelovania adamianis 

nebayoflobiTi Zalisxmevac. aseve mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom es 

Zalisxmeva gulisxmobs mcnebebis Sesrulebas (Sdr. “icis... siyvarulis 

mbrZanebeli mcnebis Sesaxeb”). xolo mcneba, Tavis mxriv, aris, rogorc 

vnaxeT, saRvTo Tanayofnis saxe, ese igi _ saRvTo energia. amrigad, 

radgan energia “amoqmedebulia” mcnebaSi, mis (mcnebis) mier moRvaweSi 

moqmedebs, anu cocxlobs Tavad wminda sameba (“RmerTis da mamis sityva 

[da Tavad] RmerTi TiToeul sakuTar mcnebaTaganSi arsebobs saidumlod... 

amitom, vinc mcnebas Rebulobs da mas aRasrulebs, mas saidumlod aqvs 

(hyavs) [Tavis TavSi] wminda sameba” 440 ). amrigad, adamianis bunebis 

Tvisebebi mis waxdenil individualur Tvisebebad gaformdnen mas Semdeg, 

rac adamianma Tavmoyvareobis gamo Tavisi sxeuli nebayoflobiT daadgina 

arsebobis miznad. magram, Tuki adamiani daiwyebs sakuTari sulis 

mowesrigebas, anu sulier Zalebs daumorCilebs gonebas, romelic mudam 

Wvrets saRvTo realobas, maSin sxeuli xdeba Segvamovnebuli 

RmerTsityvasTan, ese igi RmerTsityvis hipostasis gziT saRvTo 

sicocxleSi CaerTveba. amdenad, igi xdeba madliT Ze RvTisa da iSorebs 

waxdenil individualur Tvisebebs, anu kargavs qveynier da iluzirebul 

TviTs (identurobas) da SeiZens axal hipostasur sicocxles, romelSic 

gaerTianebulia mTeli qmnili samyaro ganaxlebul kacobriv bunebad 

(“erTad Tavi moiyaron... erT adamianur bunebad erTmaneTTan SeerTebulad 

da Tavad RmerTi gaxdes yoveli yovelSi” 441 ): 

“didi da netari RmerTisa da mamis yovladwminda da Tayvanissacemeli 

moxmoba aris suliwmidis madlisa da niWismieri [momavalSi] mocemadi 

Segvamovnebuli (ενυποστάτου) da [ukve aq] Sesicocxlebuli (ενυπάρκτου) 

439 sxvadasxva siZnele... 2 PG 91 1091D-1092C 

440 Tavi Teologiis Sesaxeb... 2, 71 PG, 90 1156D-1157A 

441 sxvadasxva siZnele... 2 PG 91 1091D-1092C 

143

Zeobilobis simbolo. amis gamo, madlis CanergviT daiZleva da daifareba 

yoveli adamianuri [dacemuli] gansakuTrebuloba (ιδιοτήτος, identuroba, 

Tviseba) da yvela wmindans mieniWeba [Svilobiloba] da gaxdebian 

RmerTis Zeebi _ isini, vinc ukve aqedanve siqveleebiT Seimkes sakuTari 

Tavi elvare da didebulad saRvTo sikeTis silamaziT”. 442 

RvTis ZeSi miRebuli Sviloba aris axali Segvamovnebuli arsebobis 

gvari. 443 mTeli samyaro da TiToeuli nivTi masSi suliwmidisagan aris 

mocemuli, rogorc saCuqari da arqetipuli sinamdvilis simbolo. axali 

identuroba, anu esqatologiuri TviTi ar aris igiveobrivi amqveyniuri 

egocentruli identurobis. misiT mTeli es samyaro da TiToeuli nivTi 

masSi xdeba namdvilad da arqetipulad arsebuli da iseve 

Segvamovnebuli (ενυπόστατως), anu hipostasirebuli am axal 

TviTSi, rogorc es TviTi RmerTsityvis hipostasSi adamianuri bunebis 

wiaR. nebismieri usulo sagani xdeba adamianis buneba (iseve, rogorc, 

vTqvaT, misi sxeulis nawili) da, amdenad, is aris Segvamovnebuli da 

namdvilad arsebobs TiToeuli adamianis hipostasSi, xolo adamianis 

hipostasebi iqnebian erTmaneTisaTvis “Tanaarsi”: 

“gvwams, rom suliwmidiseul saCuqrebs, romlebic aq, am sicocxleSi 

gveZleva rwmenismieri madliT, momaval saukuneSi (sicocxleSi) 

WeSmaritad Segvamovnebulad (ενυπόστατως) miviRebT namdvili [saxiT], Cveni 

rwmeniseuli mtkice imedis da misi Seuryeveli da utyuari aRTqmis 

mixedviT, vinc [amas] Segvpirda. radgan, vicavT ra SeZlebisdagvarad 

mcnebebs, gvwams, rom mivaRwevT, gadavalT ra rwmeniTi madlidan [misi] 

pirisaxis [xedvis] madlamde (2kor 5,7), vinc Segvcvlis Tavisi Tavisken 

(anu RmerTi da Cveni macxovari ieso qriste), [maSin] mivaRwevT CvenSi 

arsebuli waxdenilobis saxeebis gareSemoZarcvas da aqauri grZnobadi 

simboloebis wiaR miRebuli saidumloebebis arqetipebs (pirvelsaxeebs) 

mogvmadlebs [qriste]”. 444 

es esqatologiuri sinamdvile aris evqaristiuli arseboba qristes 

sxeulSi, sadac nivTierad “Sezrqelebuli” simboloTa ritualuri 

harmonia gardaiqmneba arqetipul “elvare da didebulad saRvTo sikeTis 

silamaziT” 445 ganmsWvalul kosmiuri mSvenierebis RvTaebriv sicocxled. 

442 mistagogia 20 PG 91 696 C. iqve 24 PG 91 704D-705A. 

443 ∆. Στανιλοάε, Εισαγωγη-Σχόλια, Μυσταγωγία του αγίου Μάξιµου του Οµολογήτου,Αθήνα 1973, sqolio 63, 

206: “laparakobs ra Cveni Zeobis (Svilobis) esqatologiur mdgomareobaze, romelic 

winaswar gamoisaxeba RmerTis mamad wodebiT, wminda maqsime mas axasiaTebs,, rogorc 

Segvamovnebuls da fesvgadgmuls WeSmarit arsebobaSi, magram, miuxedavad amisa, mas 

uwodebs suliwmidismieri dasaCuqrebiT madliT Svilobas (anu adamiani miiRebs madliT 

Zeobilobas – k.k). iyenebs, erTi mxriv, im cnebebis msgavs cnebebs, romelebic miuTiTeben 

adamianis bunebis RmerTsityvis hipostasSi arsebobis saxeze da, meore mxriv, im cnebebis 

msgavsad, romlebic aRniSnaven Cvens RmerTTan madliT da ara hipostasiT SeerTebas”. 

444 mistagogia 24 PG 91 704D-705A 

445 ix. zemoT mistagogia 20 PG 91, 696 C. 

144

sulis mzraxveli Zalis marad RmerTisaken moRvaweobiTi xedva, anu 

maradi RvTisSemecneba (“RmerTisaken unda vixedebodeT ... mzraxveli 

(λογικήν, moazrovne) da gonieri suli[T], romelic aris ... marad RmerTis 

Semmecnebeli” 446 ) qmnis axal kosmiur ierarqias, sadac saganTa 

urTierToba ganisazRvreba hipostasuri intersubieqturi axali 

Tanaarsobrivi ontologiiT, “radgan amis gamo da amisaTvis adamiani 

Seiqmna”. 447 

aq saWirod migvaCnia gavakeToT mcire gadaxveva cneba “Tanaarsis” 

gansamartavad. kacobriv doneze “sakuTrivad” (καθ’ έκαστον, TiToeulad) 

win uZRvis “sazogados” (καθ’ όλου), magram pirovnebebi ar arian 

erTmaneTisagan sruliad damoukidebeli, aramed _ “urTierTobasa-Sinamyofi” 

(εν-σχέσει-υπάρχοντα). 448 TiToeuli kerZo adamiani pirveladia zogad 

da ganyenebul adamianobasTan mimarTebaSi, magram, amasTan erTad, 

adamiani, rogorc pirovneba, moicavs mTel adamianobas. rogorc 

neoplatonizmSi “adamiani moicavs Tavis TavSi yvela logoss da aris 

swored adamianis logosi”, 449 aseve qristianul TeologiaSi konkretuli 

adamianuri pirovneba moicavs yvela danarCen pirovnebas (adamianebis 

logosebs), oRond rogorc myisebs, anu momentebs (παραδειγµατικώς, εικονικώς 

xatobrivad, magaliTebrivad), radgan sruli da realizebuli Tanaarsoba 

ar arsebobs kacobriv empiriaSi. amis realizeba xdeba mxolod 

RmerTsityvis ormag TanaarsobaSi, anu qristeSi – igi aris Tanaarsi 

saRvTo pirovnebebTan misi saRvTo bunebiT, xolo Tanaarsi kacobriv 

pirovnebebTan misi kacobrivi bunebiT. 450 miuxedavad imisa, rom adamiani 

446 ix. zemoT sxvadasxva siZnele...2 PG 91, 1091D 

447 ix. zemoT sxvadasxva siZnele... 2PG 91, 1092C 

448 ix. Μ. Μπέγζου, Προσωποκρατία και Ονοµατοκρατία στον Φώτιο, ∆ιόνυσος και ∆ιονύσιος, Αθήνα 2000, 82-83. 

449 R.T. Wallis, Νεοπλατωνισµός, Αθήνα 2002, 201: “yvela neoplatonikosisaTvis yovel suls, imis 

gamo, rom mas SeuZlia epyras Tavis TavSi yvela logosi, ‘yvela sagani aris 

magaliTebrivad (παραδειγµατικώς) grZnobadis mimarT, xatebrivad (εικονικώς) noeturebis 

mimarT (prokle, Teologiis elementebi 15). magram Serbileba, ‘yvela Tavisi bunebis 

analogiurad’, ar aris naklebad mniSvnelovani. TiToeuli ram aris is, rac aris, 

radgan masSi batonobs konkretuli ram sawyisi (an sawyisebi). amrigad, Tumca adamiani 

moicavs Tavis TavSi yvela logoss, aris logosi swored adamianis”. Sdr. zemoT 

intersubieqturobasTan dakavSirebul msjelobas. qvemoT kvlav SevexebiT am Temas. 

450 Sdr С.С. Хоружий, Антропология провославия, Православная аскеза - ключ к новому видению человека, 

москва 2002, 3-4, http://rosblag.narod.ru/books/horuzhy1/Main.htm: “... для бытия Божественного 

(совершенного, абсолютного) каппадокийцы усмотрели и утвердили необходимость еще другого предиката: 

все и всякое содержание данного бытия обладает совершенной полнотой выраженности, явленности, 

открытости, оно всецело явлено налицо. Определенно-особливое, окачествованное бытие во всецелой 

145

madliT da qristeSi Tanaarsia Tavis “TanaadamianebTan” (da, ra Tqma 

unda, aranairad danarCen saRvTo hipostasebTan), miwier empiriaSi dayofa 

narCundeba, radgan yoveli mcire Secodeba da miznis acdena gahyofs 

erTianobas (swored gayofilobis gangrZobadi aRmateba madlis wiaR da 

madlSi ganaxorcielebs Tanaarsobas adamianebSi). amgvarad, maSin, 

rodesac hipostasebi RmerTSi moicaven sxva TavisTavad hipostasebs da, 

ra Tqma unda, ara xatobrivad da magaliTebrivad (RmerTis doneze 

bunebis logosi, anu zogadoba aris Tanaarsobrivi), adamianur doneze 

Tanaarsi aris davaleba, amocana, daniSnuleba da mizani, rogorc 

adamianis qristeSi aRwvdoma Tanaarsi samebisaken. 451 samebis misteriis 

miwvdoma da SeTviseba adamianis doneze, anu adamianebs Soris, 

realizdeba, rogorc vTqviT, swored RmerTsityvis ganxorcielebis wiaR, 

romelic aseve aris misteria. 452 am gziT adamianis mTeli sicocxle xdeba 

полноте выявленности (невозможной в здешнем, эмпирическом бытии) и есть, по определению, Лицо, 

Ипостась. Следующий онтологический тезис утверждает, что ипостасное бытие имманентно сопряжено с 

троичной структурой: сопоставляемая ему сущность, усия (ousia) едина для всех трех Ипостасей, Отца, 

Сына и Духа. Ипостаси связаны меж собой различающими их отношениями порождения (Сына Отцом) и 

исхождения (Духа от Отца чрез Сына), но, кроме того, в силу единосущия, также и некоторой общей 

соединенностью специфического характера: Они "соединяются, не сливаясь, но совокупно друг с другом 

сопребывая и друг друга проникая (περιχορείν) без всякого смешения и слияния" (Св. Иоанн Дамаскин. 

Точное изложение православной веры. I, 8. Цит. по: В.Н. Лосский. Мистическое богословие Восточной 

Церкви // Богословские труды. Т. 8. М. 1972. С. 32)”. 

451 Sdr. K. Ware, Святая Троица - парадигма человеческой личности, Пресвятая Троица, Международная 

Богословско-Философская Конференция Русской Православной Церкви, Москва, 6 - 9 июня 2001 г. 

http://theolcom.ru/ru/text.php?SECTION_ID=32, 276: “vladimer loski... wers: ‘samebis dogma aris 

jvari adamianis azrovnebisaTvis... veranairi spekulaturi filosofia verasodes 

SeZlebs, amaRldes wminda samebis saidumlomde’. da mainc, amisagan ar SeiZleba 

davaskvnaT, rom samebis Sesaxeb arafris Tqma SegviZlia. piriqiT, ‘saidumlo’ Teologiis 

enaze niSnavs imas, rac aris Ria da gamocxadebuli Cveni adamianuri azrovnebisaTvis, 

miuxedavad imisa, rom es gamocxadeba arasodes araa amowuruli da sruli. [...] 

RmrTaebrivi hipostasebi ‘SeerTdebian, magram ar Seirevian, ganiyofebian, magram ar 

gancalkevdebian (ganeSorebian)’ – igive, magram sxva safexurze Seexeba...…adamianur 

pirovnebebsac erTmaneTSi urTierTobisas. [...]…sakuTari Tavis siyvaruli aris egoisturi 

da araa namdvili siyvaruli. siyvaruli moiTxovs ormxrivobas, saWiroebs ‘me’ da ‘Sen’-s. 

amrigad, rom iyos RmerTi siyvaruli da Tanaarsi... unda iyos minimum ori pirovneba. [...] 

moyvaruls uyvars sayvareli ara mxolod, rogorc misi meore ‘me’, aramed surs (RmerTs 

unda rom iyos sameba, radgan aris sameba da, amasTan erTad, samebaa, radgan es surs – 

k.k), rom iyos misi sayvareli da masTan erTad TviTonac iyos Tanabrad yvarebuli 

sxvisagan da rom uyvardeT (eWvianobis gareSe kenotikurad, anu warmocarielebiTad) 

orives es mesame, Tana-sayvareli maTi” 

452 Sdr. Αθ. Βλέτσης, Το προπατορικό αµάρτηµα ... 31: “[maqsime] ar aigivebs Teologias (Teologia 

am SemTxvevaSi aris wminda samebis Sida cxovrebis aRwera, romelic miuwvdomeli 

misteriaa, xolo oikonomia ki - RmerTis gamovlinebis Sesaxeb swavleba –k.k) mxolod 

wminda samebis misteriasTan. RmerTsityvis ganxorcielebac gvaswavlis Teologiis 

misterias [...] Teologiis cnebiT axasiaTebs agreTve qmnilebebis wiaR RmerTis 

Semecnebas”. da Ν. Ματσούκα, Κόσµος, Άνθρωπος, Κοινωνία…281 “pirovnebis cneba gvaqvs Zlier 

ganviTarebuli orive SemTxvevaSi, trinitarul da qristologiur dogmaSi. pirovneba ki 

gaigeba, rogorc bunebis arsebobis gvari da rogorc ganumeorebeli Tavisebureba, 

romelic ar Seerwymeba, anu Seereva bunebas, aramed narCundeba, rogorc misi 

146

evqaristiuli misteria RmerTsityvaSi, rogorc samebis arsebobis gvaris 

ganxorcieleba qmnilebis doneze. 453 anu, adamiani TanamSromlobs ra 

RmerTTan, Tanamonawileobs ama soflis feriscvalebaSi da, amgvarad, 

qmnis am samyaros Tavis (meore) bunebad. 

amrigad, kacobrivi bunebis avTenturi arsebobis gvari aris RmerTis 

nebelobis Sesruleba. RmerTis neba gansazRvravs adamianis Sesaxeb 

WeSmaritebas, imas, rac namdvilad nebavs adamians, sicocxlis uRrmes 

“mizans” masSi, romelic aris mis arsebobaSi RmerTis xatis 

esqatologiuri aRsruleba: 

“Tuki RmerTis da wmindanebis nebebuli erTia, [maSin es] gadarCenaa 

cxovnebulTaTvis, rac aris [kidec] saRvTo mizani, rogorc saukuneebSi 

winamoazrebuli ram dasasruli (mizani), romlis garSemoc cxovnebulebis 

erTmaneTTan da macxovnebel RmerTTan nebelobiTad xdeba SeTanxmeba. 454 

[...] ar SekrTeT naTqvamis gamo. ara TviTmflobelobis uaryofas vambob, 

aramed dadgomas (θέσιν, pozicias) bunebiT myars da Seucvlels (αµετάθετον, 

adgilSeucvlels), nebayoflobiTis ukandaxevas (εκχώρησιν γνωµικήν), raTa 

visganac (όθεν, saidanac) Cven varsebobT, [misgan] arsebobis da moZraobis 

miReba [Tavadve] gvwadia”. 455 

gamomxatveli. aseTi prizmis qveS gasagebi xdeba qarizmatuli sazogadoebriobis 

xasiaTi”. 

453 K. Ware, Святая Троица - парадигма человеческой личности..: “saRvTo hipostasebi ‘SeerTdebian, 

magram ar Seirwymebian, ganiyofian, magram ar ganSordebian’. igive, magram sxva doneze 

Seexeba RmerTis xatebad Seqmnil adamianur pirovnebebs maTs ormxriv urTierTobaSi”. 

Ν. Λουδοβίκο, Ψυχανάλυση και ορθόδοξη θεολογία, Αθήνα 2003, 38: “rogorc RmerTia umaRlesi 

dialogi da maradiuli Tanaarsoba, aseve arsebulebi maradiul Tanaarsobad 

Sesacvlelad arian mowodebulni, rac ganxorcieldeba droSi gangrZobili dialogiT 

maT Soris”. Sdr. Ν. Ματσούκας, Κόσµος, Άνθρωπος, Κοινωνία…, 57-59; da Ν. Ματσούκας, ∆ογµατική και 

συµβολική θεολογία Β, Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 96. 

454 Teologiuri da polemikuri. Rirsi marion presviterisadmi, PG 91, 25A 

455 sxvadasxva siZnele... 2 PG 91, 1076 BC. εκχώρησιν γνωµικήν frazis Sesaxeb da masTan 

dakavSirebul problematikaze ix. On the Cosmic Mystery of Jesus Christ. Selected Writings from St. 

Maximus the Confessor. Edited St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, New York 2007, 52; P. Sherwood, The earliest 

Ambigua... 128-137; L. Thunberg, Microcosm and Mediator... 218, 424, 427. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, 

rom Tuki jerCineba, anu gnomikuri neba aris pirovnebis gamomxatveli arCeviToba, 

romelic ar hqonda qristes (mas mxolod ori, saRvTo da adamianuri, bunebiTi nebeloba 

hqonda), maSin ganRmrTobil adamianur pirovnebasac ar unda gaaCndes aseTi neba. ese igi 

arCeviTobis im saxes, romelic adamians aqvs am cxovrebaSi, maqsime ganixilavs, rogorc 

codvismiers an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, nakluls. swored am naklis daZlevis 

gamoxatulebaa monastrul tradiciaSi “morCilebis” cneba. sakuTari nebis 

nebayoflobiTi uaryofa aris nebayoflobis TviTuaryofa da gansxvavebuli 

identurobis miReba. aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavisufleba araTu izRudeba, aramed aRwevs 

Tavis umaRles xarisxs. maqsimesaTvis Tavisufleba ar gulisxmobs arCevans, piriqiT, 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arCevani aris mxolod Tavisuflebis dabali, anu dacemuli 

xarisxi, romelic unda daidos aRmatebulis safuZvlad. pirovnebas ar gansazRvravs 

arCevani, aramed pirovneba gansazRvravs nebayoflobas, anu pirovnuli Tanaarsobrivi 

urTierTobaa pirveladi da jerCineba am urTierTobis “waxdeniloba”, anu “gverdiTi” 

movlenaa. maqsimesTan da zogadad patristikaSi Tavisufleba aris ara individSi, 

rogorc bunebasTan dapirispirebulobaSi, aramed moazrovne arsebebis Tavisufleba 

maTi zogadi bunebis/arsebis sakuTrebaa. kerZo arCevani swored am saerTo bunebis 

“msxvrevisas” Cndeba (Mel. Törönen, Union and Dinstinction in the Thought of St Maximus the Confessor... 

111-113, 180-182). am sakiTxis konteqstSi wamoiWreba meore, aranakleb mniSvnelovani 

147

ori nebelobis “SeTanxmeba” aris adamianis avTenturi arseboba, rac 

gamoixateba pirovnebis “ndomobebisa” (survilebis) da grZnobebis 

maiZulebeli gavleniT danawevrebuli bunebisagan (da ara Tavad bunebis 

rogorc aseTi) umaRlesi xarisxiT TavisuflebaSi. es aris aRdgena 

adamianuri nebelobis mis wauxdenelobasa da erTianobaSi, rac aris 

erTobisa da siyvarulis saerTo “ndomoba”, anu warmoadgens yovelives 

cxovnebas: “yovelives cxovneba dadginda erT ormag miznad, RmerTisagan 

SeTavazebulad da wmindanebisagan arCeulad”. 456 

amis gamo maqsime daJinebiT usvams xazs im garemoebas, rom qristes 

pirovnebaSi unda gankurnebuliyo swored RmerTisagan ganSorebuli 

adamianis nebeloba, romelic Seadgens nebelobis dazianebas da 

dasneulebas. 457 am travmis gankurneba niSnavs qristeSi adamianis 

nebelobis srul harmoniulobas saRvTo nebelobasTan. esaa 

dioTelitobis umTavresi doqtrina: adamianis arsebobis sruli 

erTianobisaTvis ori nebis aseve sruli Tanxmobaa aucilebeli. xolo 

aseTi erTianobis centrad maqsime adamianis guls miiCnevs: 

problema. kerZod, Tu arCevani aris nakluli mdgomareoba, maSin pirvelqmnili da 

codvamdeli samoTxiseuli mdgomareoba rogorRa ganisazRvreba? RmerTma naklulad 

Seqmna adamiani da ar mianiWa mas sruli Tavisufleba? Cven zemoT vnaxeT, rom RmerTis 

SemoqmedebiTi logosebi srulyofilia da, amdenad, srulyofilia qmnilebac (Sdr. e. 

WeliZe, wminda grigol noseli da misi Txzuleba... 290). Cveni azriT, saqme isaa, rom 

maqsime, dionises msgavsad, ZiriTadad ganixilavs arsebul realobas, romelic saxezea 

da Tvalwinaa da ar miecema ganyenebul spekulaciebs iseT sakiTxebze, rac uSualod ar 

gamomdinareobs empiriisagan (gamocdilebisagan). Tumca ganRmrTobili, anu 

dasasrul/esqatologiuri mdgomareoba empirulad eqstazur/misterialurad axla da aq 

eZleva adamians, mainc dacemamdeli samoTxiseuli mdgomareoba gansxvavebulia rogorc 

dasawyisi. amdenad masze msjelobas gaurbis maqsime. Tumca Talasesadmi 61–Si igi 

gakvriT exeba am sakiTxs da aRniSnavs, rom dacema moxda SeqmnasTan erTad (άµα τω 

γενέσθαι). es unda niSnavdes imas, rom an Seqmnis procesSive unda momxdariyo dacema 

(amaze ix. zemoT emanuel levinasTan dakavSirebul Cveni msjeloba), an samoTxiseuli 

mdgomareoba unda CaiTvalos Seqmnis procesad (am Temis Sesaxeb ix. А. И. Сидоров, Смерть 

как наказание…478-479). nebismier SemTxvevaSi faqtia, rom samoTxeSi adamians ukve hqonda 

arCevani, anu gnomikuri neba. vimeorebT, rom, Cveni azriT, maqsimes TeologiaSi es 

bundovaneba gamowveulia im miznebiT, rasac igi isaxavda – igi saubrobda adamianis 

dacemul mdgomareobaze da misgan gamoxsnis perspeqtivaze. dacemamdeli mdgomareoba 

iyo mxolod ganvlili etapi da ara mizani. mizani qristeSi ganRmrTobaa da ara 

pirvandel mdgomareobaSi dabruneba. dacema miznidan gadaxvevaa, miznisaken msvlelobis 

gamrudebaa da ara am msvlelobis Sewyveta – adamiani miznisaken gaemarTa SemovliTi 

gziT da maqsime aRwers am SemovliTi gzis peripetiebs (ix. Ν. Ματσούκα, Μυστήριον επί των 

ιερώς κεκοιµηµένων και άλλα µελετήµατα, Θεσσαλονίκη 1992, 164-169). 

456 mcire Teologiuri da polemikuri... PG 91, 25B 

457 Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник...212-213: “[Г]рехопадение было волевым актом, а потому и 

повреждением воли (человеческой), - разобщением воли человеческой и Божией воли, и распадением самой 

человеческой воли, среди страстей и подчиняющих внешних впечатлений или воздействий... И исцеление 

должно было проникнуть до первораны и первоязвы греховности, должно было быть врачеванием и 

возстановлением воли человеческой в ее полноте, собранности, цельности и согласии с Божией волей”. 

148

“[dae moRvaweebi] ara sxeulis garSemoTaTvis (anu sxeulisaTvis –k.k) 

mocalobdnen, aramed gonebis siZulvilisa da TavSeukaveblobisagan 

ganwmedisaTvis iswrafvodnen, rasac wminda guls uwodebs ufali (mT 

15,19), radgan eseni aamRvreven gonebas, rom ver xedavdes masSi naTlobis 

madliT damkvidrebul qristes”. 458 

erTianobis am centrSi, wminda gulSi, gamoCndebian codnis saunjeni 

“TiToeulis mcnebebis [Sesrulebis] mier gawmendilobis Sesabamisad”. 459 

naTlobis misteriiT gulSi, romelsac maqsime Sinagan adamiansac (έσω 

άνθρωπος) uwodebs, suliwmidis madliT “Casaxlebuli” qristes codnis 

ganZi moRvaweobis gziT ukve amave sicocxleSi vlindeba da atkbobs 

adamians: 

“RmerTma, romelmac aRgiTqva maradiuli sikeTeebi da mogca suliwmidis 

windi gulSi, gibrZana, imoRvaweo (επιµελείσθαι) Seni cxovreba, raTa 

Sinagani adamiani vnebebisagan gaaTavisuflo da ukve aqedanve daiwyo 

sikeTeebiT tkboba (απολαύσεως)”. 460 

saRvTo realobiT (περί τα θεία) es tkboba aris sulieri Zalebis “Sinagan 

adamianze” koncentrirebis, anu gulSi mokrebis Sedegi, romelic Sobs 

siyvaruls da RvTaebrivi silamazis maradiul Wvretas: 

“saRvToTa garSemoT (περί τα θεία) erTad SemokrebiT da sulis Zalebis 

gaerTianebiT, romelic aris azrovnebiTi, gznebiTi da ndomobiTi, 

ibadeba siyvaruli. misiT [am siyvaruliT] ki madliT Seimkobian [da] ukve 

RmerTTan Tanasworni STaiweren maxsovrobaSi saRvTo mSvenierebis 

silamazes”. 461 

sulieri Zalebis Semokrebisa da gaerTianebis gza ki aris siqveleSi 

wvrTna. es siqveleebia: goniereba (φρόνηση, azrovneba), simamace (ανδρία), 

saRazrovneba (σωφροσύνη, mrTelcnobiereba) da samarTlianoba (δικαιοσύνη). 

eseni ki Seadgenen or ufro zogad siqveles: sibrZnes da siwynares 

(πραότητα, udrtvinveloba, Tviniereba) – pirveli aris Semecnebis, xolo 

meore _ saqmis, moRvaweobis gansruleba. 462 es ori, Tavis mxriv ki, 

Semoikribebian 

458 siyvarulis T... 4,73 PG 90, 1065BC. iqve 4,56 PG 90, 1060D: “macxovris mcnebebis mTeli 

mizani aris TavSeukaveblobisa da siZulvilisagan gonebis gaTavisufleba da ayvana misi 

[macxovris] da moyvasis siyvarulamde”. 

459 siyvarulis T... 4,70 PG 90, 1065A Sdr. iqve 4,71-72 PG 90, 1065AB 

460 siyvarulis T... 4, 78 PG 90, 1068B. Cven ukve vnaxeT, rom dionise areopagelTan axali 

sicocxlis ontologiuri ram windi mxolod saeklesio misteriebSi moicema da 

yovelive moRvaweoba swored amave misteriebis fonze aRsruldeba. 

461 Talasesadmi... 49 PG 90, 449A. 

462 Sdr. g. TevzaZe, antikuri filosofia... 86: “ [platonTan] saTnoebis zogadi gageba oTx 

saxed iyofa: sibrZne (sofia), simamace (andria), zomiereba (sofrosune), samarTlianoba 

(dikaiosune). pirveli maTgani gonebis saTnoebaa, meore – nebis, mesame – survilisa. 

meoTxe maT aerTianebs”. platonis samarTlianoba maqsimesTan Canacvlebulia siwynariT, 

149

“yoveli [siqvelis] uzogades siqveleSi, vambob siyvaruls, romelic 

eqstazirebs imaT, vinc misgan aris da mihyavs isini erTmaneTTan. [amasTan 

erTad] aris SemaerTebeli maTi, vinc misgan daiwyes da moZraobdnen misiT 

da daasrules (dasruldnen) masSi. xolo yovelive amisagan aRmatebiT, 

[siyvaruli agreTve] aris RmerTmyofeli”. 463 

amrigad, sulis Zalebis harmoniuli Sewyoba da siqveleebSi 

Tavmoyvareobis winaaRmdeg sxva pirovnebis Sesaxvedrad nebayoflobiTi 

moZraoba aris erTi da igive procesi. am procesis gvirgvinia siyvarulis 

eqstazSi adamianis ganRmrToba, rodesac Sinagan adamians saeklesio 

misteriebiT Canergili madli gadaaqcevs qristes mSvenierebis saxed. 

adamianis gulSi gamosaxuli saRvTo mSvenierebis silamaze xdeba mudmivi 

xsovnis, anu xedviTi codnis sagani. swored ganRmrTobili adamianis 

guli xdeba umaRlesi Semecnebis organod, TiToeuli adamianis guli ki 

_ transformirebuli (feriscvalebuli) samyaros centrad. 

maqsimes am konteqstSi Semoaqvs uvnebobis (απαθεία, apaTiis) cneba 464 : 

“rodesac azrovnebaSi arafers ambob, arc arafer umsgavsos akeTeb da 

rodesac SenTvis zianis momtansa da mlanZRvelze ar avmexsiereb; rodesac 

locvis dros goneba marad gaqvs univTod da usaxod, maSin Seicnob, rom 

miaRwie apaTiis (uvnebobis) da sruli siyvarulis sazoms”. 465 

sulis Sesvla apaTiis sferoSi niSnavs sagnebisa da movlenebis xedvis 

siwmindes, rodesac adamianis gulSi aris maTi martivi mniSvnelobebi 

(νοήµατα) da am guls aZleven unars, gaarCios avi da keTili da, amave 

dros, gaxdes ZneladaRZvradi borotebis mimarT: 

“uvneboba aris sulis mSvidobiani mdgomareoba, romelSic is 

ZneladaRZvradi aris borotebis mimarT. 466 [...] zRvruli uvnebobis niSania, 

rodesac sxeulis sifxizlisa Tu Zilisas sagnebis litoni mniSvnelobebi 

marad movlen gulze”. 467 

maqsime apaTias uwodebs codnisaken gzas, romelic aris RmerTis xedva: 

“Sen RmerTma gagxada nawilobrivi codnis Rirsi, [amitom] nu 

ugulebelhyof siyvaruls da TavSekavebas. isini [siyvaruli da 

anu, rogorc amas qvemoT vnaxavT, apaTiiT. anu, siwynare/apaTia aris Sedgenili 

samarTlianobisa da zomierebis/saRazrovnebisagan (romelic asketur tradiciaSi 

uigivdeba, kerZod, seqsualur TavSekavebas da zogad siwmindes) da, Tavis mxriv, 

gansruldeba siyvarulSi. aqedan isic cxadi xdeba, rom apaTia ugrZnobelobas ki ar 

gulisxmobs, aramed, piriqiT, Riaobas siyvarulisadmi. 

463 sxvadasxva siZnele... 80 PG 91, 1248D-1249B. Sdr. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή οντολογία... 234- 

235. 

464 maqsimesTan cneba apaTiisaTvis ix. Χ. Σωτηροπούλος, Η δια των αρετ’ων απάθεια κατά τον άγιο 

Μάξιµο τον Οµολογητή, Θεολογία 50 (1979) 567-593 

465 siyvarulis T... 4, 42 PG 90, 1057A. aseve ix. iqve 1,88 PG 90, 981A da iqve 1,93 PG 90, 981B 



150

TavSekaveba] sulis vnebiT nawils gangiwmenden da marad gimzadeben 

codnis gzas. codnisaken gza [ki] aris uvneboba da Tavmdabloba, ‘romelTa 

gareSec veravin ixilavs ufals’ (ebr 12,14)”. 468 

codna asketuri wvrTniT moipoveba da aris apaTiis Sedegi. miuxedavad 

amisa, igi (codna), iseve rogorc apaTia, mis yovel safexurze yovelTvis 

mainc aris RmerTis saCuqari (“RmerTma gagxada nawilobrivi codnis 

Rirsi”), anu suliwmidis madliTi sazRauri siyvarulSi 

moRvaweobisaTvis: 

“uvneboba aris TavSekavebis sazRauri, xolo rwmenis _ codna. uvneboba 

Sobs ganmrCevlobas (διάκρισιν), 469 xolo codna _ RmerTisadmi siyvaruls. 

rodesac goneba warmatebas aRwevs praqtikul [moRvaweobaSi, maSin] 

gonierebaSic ganviTardeba, xolo Teoriuli ki _ codnaSi. pirveli aris 

moRvawis miyvana siqvelisa da biwis ganmrCevlobaSi, xolo meores ki 

usxeulo da sxeulebis garSemo logosebis (Tvisebebis) wilmqoneobaSi 

mihyavs. saRvTismetyvelo madlis Rirsi maSin iqneba, rodesac yvela 

zemonaTqvams siyvarulis frTebiT gadalaxavs da RmerTSi daivanebs da 

mis garSemo logoss (Tvisebas) wminda sulis mier ganWvrets (διασκοπήσει) 

imdenad, ramdenadac es SeuZlia adamianis gonebas”. 470 

am or pasaJSi warmodgenilia TiTqos ori erTmaneTis paraleluri 

mdinareba, romlebic ikveTebian sabolood erT mTavar kalapotSi _ 

siyvarulSi. pirvelia TavSekaveba-uvneboba-ganmrCevloba, anu praqtika _ 

goniereba (praqtika igivea, rac TavSekaveba/uvneboba, xolo goniereba ki _ 

ganmrCevloba). meorea rwmena-codna-siyvaruli, anu Teoria-codna. pirvel 

pasaJSi (siyvarulis T... 4,57-58) ki TavSekaveba paraleluria siyvarulsa 

(“nu ugulebelhyof siyvarulsa da TavSekavebas”). magram es oriveni 

swored sulis vnebiT nawils ganwmenden, ese igi Tavmdablobasa da 

apaTias hgvrian moRvawes da, amgvarad, umzadeben mas codnis gzas. am ori 

pasaJis Sejerebisas sakmaod CaxlarTuli da rTuli sqema dgeba. erTi 

mxriv, siyvaruli gamodis Teoriuli moRvaweobis korife da TiTqos 

paraleluria praqtikulis, kerZod, ganmrCevlobisa. meore mxriv ki, 

siyvarulis frTebi aRemateba Teoriulsac da Tavis TavSi, rogorc 

dagvirgvinebaSi, moicavs praqtikuls. amasTan erTad, siyvaruli 

468 siyvarulis T... 4,57-58 PG 90, 1061A 

469 cneba ganmrCevlobis Sesaxeb ax. aRTqmasa da asketur tradiciaSi ix. Στ. Γιαγκαζόγλος, Η 

πνευµατική δάκρηση κατά την ασκητική παράδοση της Εκκλησίας, XVI International Ecumenical Conference, Bose, 

Italia, 18 - 21 September 2008. zogadad qristianul tradiciaSi imave sakiTxis Sesaxeb ix. 

Eduard Schweizer, On Distinduishing Between Spirits, Ecumenical Review 41 (3), 1989, 406-415; aseve Justin S. 

Ukpong, Prularism and the Problem of the Discernment of Spirits, Ecumenical Review 41 (3), 1989, 416-425. 

470 siyvarulis T... 2,25-26 PG 90, 992BC 

151

praqtikulis saTaveebTanac gvxvdeba, 471 radgan igi vnebebs ebrZvis da 

amzadebs apaTias, anu Tavmdablobas, romelic, Tavis mxriv, mxolod 

codnis winapirobaa. xolo codnis gvirgvini kvlav siyvarulia. gasaRebi 

am rTuli sqemis amoxsnisa isaa, rom, jer erTi, maqsime ar cdilobs 

raime logikurad Tanamimdevruli sqemis mocemas, aramed mokle frazebiT, 

anu sentenciebiT cdilobs garkveuli mdgomareobis gamowvevas 

mkiTxvelSi; meore _ aRwerilia erTiani qarizmatuli procesi, romelSic 

CarTulia moRvawe suliTa da xorciT, holistikurad, anu pirovnulad 

(amis yvelaze daxvewili saxe aris locva, romelic warmoadgens 

erTdroulad Teoriul da praqtikul moRvaweobas – erTi mxriv, 

xorciel-sulieri amtanobas, anu nebelobis wvrTnas, meore mxriv, fiqrsa 

da saubars RmerTTan). siyvaruli, rogorc saRvTo madli, vlindeba 

sicocxlisa da moRvaweobis yvela etapze. 472 adamiani “garemoculia” 

suliwmidis madliT da, amdenad, CarTulia saRvTo sicocxleSi Tavisi 

sicocxlis dasawyisidanve. Sesabamisad, siyvarulis frTebze aRmafrena, 

anu eqstazi aseve SesaZlebeli unda iyos cxovrebis nebismier etapze. 

Cven vnaxeT, rom dionise areopageli eqstazze laparakobda misterialur 

konteqstSi. aseve vnaxeT, rom masTan misterialuri cxovreba ar iyo 

ganyenebuli movlena, aramed moicavda adamianis yoveldRiur 

cxovrebasac. misteria gamodis yoveldRiurobaSi da gadaswvdeba 

sicocxlis dasawyissac da dasasrulsac, radgan igia maradiulobis 

myisi droSi mocemuli. imave movlenaze SeiZleba laparaki maqsimes 

Teologiis SemTxvevaSic. adamianis cxovrebis am ori aspeqtis, 

misterialurobisa da yoveldRiurobis, erTianoba vlindeba locviT 

praqtikaSi, romlis ganxilvasac sakmao adgili eTmoba maqsimesTan da 

Cvenc masze gadavdivarT. 

471 stavro iangazoRlu wers, rom qristiani moRvawe, upirveles yovlisa, aris 

sazogadoebrivi adamiani da misi urTierToba da ziareba TanaadamianTan gaivlis 

ganmrCevelobasa da siyvarulze. aseTi urTierToba aris swored TviTSemecnebis, da 

pirovnebis Camoyalibebis procesi, rodesac suliwmidis madliT mis xatisebrze 

daixateba msgavsebisebroba (επιζωγραφείν εις το κατ’ εικόνα το καθ’οµοίωσιν) (Στ. Γιαγκαζόγλος, Η 

πνευµατική δάκρηση... 4,8,13). ganmrCevlobisa da siyvarulis wyvili aris adamianuri 

moRvaweobis ani da hoe, saRvTo sicocxleSi CarTvis pirveli nabijebi da 

dagvirgvinebac. 

472 Sdr. sxvadasxva siZnele... 80 PG 91, 1248D-1249B: “...siyvaruls, romelic eqstazirebs imaT, 

vinc misgan aris da mihyavs isini erTmaneTTan. [amasTan erTad] aris SemaerTebeli maTi, 

vinc misgan daiwyes da moZraobden misiT da daasrules (dasruldnen) masSi. xolo 

yovelive amisagan aRmatebiT, [siyvaruli agreTve] aris RmerTmyofeli”. 

152

locva aris Tavmdablobisa da adamianuri nebis RmerTsityvisadmi 

“gadacemis”, anu nebayoflobiTi ukandaxevis (εκχωρήσεως γνωµικής) gza da 

saRvTo nebelobis aRsrulebis yvelaze metad sufTa, angelozebrivi saxe: 

“vinc ndomobas da gzebas ganSorebuli mxolod gonebrivi ZaliT 

emsaxureba (λατρείαν) RmerTs, man miwaze (rogorc zecaze [amas akeTeben] 

angelozTa mwyobrebi) aRasrula saRvTo nebeba da mTlianad gaxda 

angelozebTan Tanamsaxuri da Tanamcxovrebi”. 473 

sufTa locva, romelsac RmerTi Cuqnis adamians moRvaweobisas, niSnavs 

“mTlianad univTod da usaxod locvisas (εν τω προσεύχεσθαι) gonebis 

xorcidan gamosvlas”. 474 rodesac grZnobad nivTebSi gaufantavi goneba 

locvis dros dahyveba, danebdeba pirovnebis nebas, maSin aerTianebs 

gonebis Zalebs da mas mimarTavs RmerTisaken 475 da “xdeba brZeni, keTili, 

Zlieri, kacTmoyvare, mwyalobeli da sulgrZeli: mokled rom vTqvaT, 

yvela saRvTo Tviseba Tavis TavSi gadmoaqvs”. 476 pirovnuli Tavisufleba 

Tavmoyvareobismieri “gayofisagan da daSoriSorebisagan” 477 aris 

siyvarulismieri msaxurebis gamoxatuleba. is aris uwyveti locvis 

pozicia, romelsac mihyavs RmerTis codnisaken, romeli codnac mTeli 

arsebobiT, mTeli Sinagani adamianiT, anu guliT SerTvaa RmerTTan da 

ara mxolod litoni gonebiT misi Semecneba: 

“[Zeobilobis gamo suli] locvis wiaR mxolo saidumlo mamaRmerTi 

madliT eyoleba da yoveli [sagnisagan] eqstazirebuli Semoikribeba 

(Semoikrebs sakuTar Tavs –k.k) misi [RmerTis] saidumloebriobis erTSi. 

im zomiT (ise Rrmad – k.k) darwmundeba (πείσεται) (ufro metad 

gancdiseulad, vidre saRvToTa [litoni] SecnobiT), rom sakuTari Tavis 

arc sxva vinmesagan da arc sakuTari Tavisagan SeeZleba codna, Tu ara 

473 mamao Cvenos ganmarteba... PG 90, 900 A. aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom maqsime am 

konteqstSi iyenebs sityva λατρεία, rac niSnavs msaxurebas, samsaxurs vinmes mimarT 

gasamrjelosaTvis. am SemTxvevaSi is sinonimia sityvebis υπηρεσία, δουλεία. magram is aseve 

niSnavs RvTismsaxurebasac. maqsimes rom sdomeboda RvTismsaxurebis mniSvnelobis 

gamoricxva, maSin is gamoiyenebda romelime am sinonimTagans. magram radgan man es ar 

gaakeTa, Cven SegviZlia vifiqroT, rom rituali, marTalia, aris simboloebiT 

maqsimalurad sufTa saxis msaxureba, magram mainc ufro dabali xarisxisa, vidre 

uSualo locva. rituali mainc rCeba saRvToTas simboloebSi ganxSoebul doneze da 

rogorc Cven zemoT vnaxeT dionisesTan da aseve mistagogiis pasaJSi, es done unda 

gadailaxos da gadailaxeba swored sufTa locvis gziT, simboloebis 

“gareSemoZarcviT”: “CvenSi arsebuli waxdenilobis saxeebis garSemoZarcvas da aqauri 

grZnobadi simboloebis wiaR miRebuli saidumloebebis arqetipebs (pirvelsaxeebs) 

mogvmadlebs [qriste]” (mistagogia 24 PG 91 704D-705A). Sdr. aseve Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή 

Οντολογία... 227. 

474 siyvarulis T... 2,61PG 90, 1004C 

475 siyvarulis T... 2,1PG 90, 984B: “RmerTis wrfelad moyvaruli marad gaufantavad 

loculobs. xolo gaufantavad marad mlocvels RmerTi uyvars wrfelad. ver 

loculobs gaufantavad is, visac goneba aqvs raime miwierisaganze (miwierze) mijaWvuli. 

visac raime miwierisaganze aqvs mijaWvuli goneba, mas arc RmerTi uyvars”. 

476 siyvarulis T... 2,52 PG 90, 1001Β. Sdr. Α. Ραντοσάβλιενιτς, Το µυστήριον της Σωτηρίας... 168. 

477 mistagogia 7 PG 91 685AB 

153

mxolod misi keTilmSvenierad amRebeli (amyvanebeli) mTliani 

RmerTisagan, vinc [RmerTma] RmerTmSvenivrad is [suli] mTlianad da 

uvnebod mTlianad Tavis Tavs SeaerTa da mTlianad ganaRmrTo”. 478 

am codnas maqsime uwodebs siyvaruls, 479 rodesac goneba aRar aris 

erTaderTi moazrovne organo, aramed guli xdeba erTiani organo, 

romelic harmoniaSia pirovnebis nebelobasTan. 480 guli SeiZens saazrovno 

unars, goneba ki _ siyvaruls, rogorc Semecnebis naTels da Tavadac 

xdeba kidec es naTeli. 481 yovelgvari sxva azrovneba aris diskursulad 

danawevrebuli da am erTiani siyvarulismieri codnis nawilobrivi: 

“[goneba] RmerTSi erTqmnili aris uformo da usaxo. erTsaxovans xedavs 

da xdeba erTsaxovani da naTelsaxovani”. 482 

478 mistagogia 23 PG 91 701BC. RmerTi icnobs adamians da es xdeba safuZveli, Seicnos 

adamianma RmerTi da masSi ki sakuTari Tavi da sxva pirovnebebi. 

479 siyvarulis T... 1.1 PG 90, 961A: “siyvaruli aris sulis keTili ganwyobileba, romliTac 

arafer (arc erT) arsebulTagans ar aniWebs upiratesobas RmerTis Semecnebis winaSe. 

SeuZlebelia, aseTi siyvarulis naTvisoba SeiZinos vinmem, Tu raime miwierisaganis 

mimarT eqneba vneba”. 

480 locviTi sruli TviTmitoveba ar aris ucxo dasavluri tradiciisaTvisac. mag., 

avgustinem, romelic aRiarebulia dasavluri Teologiis erT-erT fuZemdeblad, locvis 

ori tipi gamoyo: filosofosis locva da Teologis locva. mTavari rwmenaa da gulis 

mimarTva RmerTisaken, xolo codna, Tavis mxriv, RmerTis madlis gacnobierebaa (g. 

TevzaZe, avrelius avgustine, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoria, Tbilisi 1996, 15-16). 

Sdr. B.M.G. Reardon, The Relation of Philosophy to Faith in the Teaching of St. Augustine, Studia Patristica 

Vol.2, Berlin 1957, 288-294: “avgustinem daibruna Tavisi qristianuli rwmena RmerTis 

madliTa da naturaluri gonebiT, ganixila ra is kritikulad da skeptikuradac ki 

(289). [...] rwmena ar aris dafuZnebuli Tavis Tavze, misi saZirkvelia goneba. filosofia 

aris Teologiis prolegumeni, Sesavali TeologiaSi da mcdeloba, pasuxi gasces 

wamoWril problemas: rani arian rwmenis safuZvlebi? gonebis uaryofa da damcroba ar 

xdeba, radgan misiT modis dajerebuloba, rom arsebobs RmerTi (290-291). [...] avgustine 

Seaxsenebs adresats, rom SeuZlebelia codnaSi progresi, Tu pirvelad ar iqna 

Sesrulebuli aucilebeli moraluri pirobebi. [...] rwmena ar gamoricxavs racionalur 

kritikas.... RmerTi krZalavs, vifiqroT, rom ar arsebobs araviTari saWiroeba, miviRoT 

an veZeboT racionaluri imaSi, rac gvwams, radgan arasodes ar iqneboda SesaZlebeli 

rwmena, gonieri suli rom ar gvqonoda. ...rwmena ganwmends guls, xdis mas SemZles, 

miiRos da damkvidrdes gonebis didebul naTelSi... (292). [...] mowmune rwmenis bolomde 

ganxilvisas miaRwevs Tavisi kvlevis mizans (rac aris sulieri da ucvalebeli), anu 

WeSmaritebis mopovebas da RmerTis xedvas. [...] avgustineseuli meTodi ar uaryofs 

gonebas (ratio), aramed mcdar azrovnebas (falsa ratio) (293). [...] is arasodes uaryofda 

filosofias. gamocxadeba iyo realoba, saRvTo informacia, da, rogorc aseTs, mas 

aucileblad esaWiroeba mdabali gulis morCilebiT miReba; magram Cven ver miviRebT 

gamocxadebas, Tu gonebam ar aRasrula masSi Canergili, Sinagani movaleoba”. maSasadame, 

TviTmitoveba ar gulisxmobs adamianobis waSlas, aramed rwmenis safuZvelze adamianis 

moRvaweobis mowesrigebasa da gaaqtiurebas. 

481 Sdr. J. Zizioulas, The Notes of Christian Dogmatics, http://www.oodegr.com/english/dogmatiki1/B1c.htm: “We 

have already said that, according to the Semitic perception as apparent in the Bible, where the heart is presented as 

being the cognitive instrument for of God, where the heart is that which recognizes God and with a typical Semitic 

mentality that naturally permeates the Bible, the heart signifies man’s realm of obedience. It is there, that the yes or 

the no is decided on. It is the place of freedom, where man decides to concede or refuse, where he says the yes or 

the no to another’s request, and of course, to God’s”. 


154

mTliani adamianis sufTa da erTsaxovani codna pirovnul 

urTierTobasa da urTierTziarebaSi aris dacalkevebuli nawilebis _ 

gonebisa da gulis, azrovnebisa da saqmis, ndomobisa da gznebis _ 

moRvaweobiTi Semokreba. es aris codna, romelic aerTianebs “mcodnes” 

“SemecnebulTan”, radgan “codna aris gamaerTianebeli Semmecneblebisa da 

Semecnebulebis, xolo ucodneloba aris maradi cvalebadoba da mis mier 

Seucnobelisagan gacalkevebis mizezi”. 483 aseTi codna aCvenebs 

moyvarulebis erTmaneTTan pirovnul gansxvavebulobas siyvarulis 

erTianobaSi. igi aris Zala, TviTSewirvis Zala siyvarulis saqmeebiT 

msaxurebaSi. esaa sicocxlis axali saxe, rogorc suliwmidis 

sicocxlismqnel Tandaswrebis garemoSi arsebulebis erTmaneTisaken 

bunebiTi moZraoba: “arsebulTa bunebiTi moZraobisagan arsebulis 

[RmerTTan] Segvamovnebuls vswavlobT sicocxles, arsebulebis 

macocxlebel Zalas, [vinc aris] suliwmida”. 484 

3.2.4. codna, rogorc siyvarulSi Tavisufleba 

am qveTavSi ganvixilavT problemebs, romlebic aisaxeba kiTxvebSi: ratom 

gaakeTa Tavdapirvelad adamianma araswori arCevani? ucodinroba mxolod 

codvis Sedegia da adamians SeqmnisTanave hqonda borotisa da keTilis 

garCevis unari? Tuki hqonda, maSin ratom airCia boroti da ara keTili, 

anu ratom moutana Tavs tkivili, Tu misi Tavidan acileba 

xelewifeboda? saerTod, ra niSnavs arCevani? ra kavSiri aqvs mas 

TavisuflebaTan? am da sxva kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad saWirod 

migvaCnia, ganvixiloT pavle mociqulis romaelTa epistoleSi mocemuli 

msjeloba da masTan pirdapir Tu iribad dakavSirebuli aRmosavlel 

wminda mamaTa naazrevi. 485 

pavle mociquli ambobs: 

483 dionise areopageli, saRvTo saxelebis Sesaxeb, 7,4 PG 3, 872 CD 

484 sxvadasxva Teologiuri da polemikuri... 1,71 PG 90, 1208 C 

485 Cven gvainteresebs swored aRmosavluri, anu berZnulenovani saeklesio tradicia, 

radgan maqsime swored am tradicias miekuTvneba. marTalia, igi (maqsime) daaxloebiT 

15/17 weli (628/630-646 wlebSi) imyofeboda CrdiloeT afrikaSi da Semdeg gadavida Tavad 

romSic, magram araviTari mowmoba ar arsebobs imisa, rom man icoda laTinuri da 

icnobda laTinur Teologias. miuxedavad imisa, rom daiZebneba erTgvari paralelebi 

mis da avgustines TeologiaSi, es ganpirobebuli SeiZleba yofiliyo zogadi 

qristianuli CarCoebiTa da problematikiT da ara imiT, rom maqsime uSualod icnobda 

avgustines Teologias. ix. G. Berthold, Did Maximus the Confessor Know Augustine? Studia Patristica 17 

(1982), 14–17 

155

“cxadia maTTvis, rac RvTis Sesaxeb SeiZleba icodnen, vinaidan RmerTma 

ganucxada maT. [...] Seicnes RmerTi da ar adides. [...] ician maT RvTis 

samarTali, rom amis moqmedni sikvdils imsaxureben; magram ara marto 

akeTeben amas, aramed gamkeTeblebsac kvers ukraven. [...] vinc jiutobs da 

WeSmaritebas ki ar emorCileba, aramed umarTlobas, [RmerTi miuzRavs] 

risxvasa da guliswyromas” (rom 1.19,32; 2.8). 

maSasadame, adamiani sakuTari nebiT jiutobs. man icis, raa boroti da 

igi irCevs mas. amasve miuTiTebs dabadebis bibliuri monaTxrobi 

(septuagintas mixedviT): 

“da ubrZana ufalma RmerTma adams da uTxra: ‘samoTxeSi yoveli xisagan 

WamiT Wame (βρώσει φαγή, WamiT ikvebe), xolo keTilisa da borotis 

Secnobis xisagan nu SeWamT misgan; namdvilad, romel dResac SeWamT 

misgan, sikvdiliT mokvdebiT’ (dab 2.16-17)”. 

eklesiis mamebTan keTilisa da borotis Secnobis xe (ebraulad: hada‘ ath 

tobh wara, hada’ eT tov va-ray _ keTilisa da borotis codnis xe) niSnavs 

zneobrivi borotebis gamocdilebis SeZenas. am tradiciul saeklesio 

ganmartebaSi gamoikveTeba ori ZiriTadi midgoma. 

pirveli: Secnobis xe iwoda amgvarad ara imitom, rom Tavis TavSi 

hqonda raime codna, aramed imitom, rom adamianma mis mier SeiZina codvis 

codna. 486 anu, xe TavisTavad ar iyo gansakuTrebuli Tvisebis mqone, igi 

adamianis “gamocdis”, nebis varjiSis mxolod niSnuli iyo: 

“xe codnisa iyo adamianis morCilebisa da urCobis gamosacdeli, 

Sesamowmebeli da sawvrTneli ram. [...] codnis xed vambob keTilisa da 

borotis gamrCevlobas. amitom hmarTebda adams, CauZiebeli morCilebiT 

SeerTeboda RmerTs. [...] CauZiebeli morCilebis gamocdileba SeeZina”. 487 

anu, adams jiutobis an morCilebis Sedegi gamocdilebiT unda SeeZina. 

amasTan erTad, adamianebs mcnebis darRveviT ki ar miuRiaT 

borotisa da keTilis codna, aramed dabadebisTanave hqondaT aseTi 

codna, radgan “hqondaT logismo keTilisa da borotis mimRebeli”. 488 

486 ioane oqropiri, dabadebaze homiliebi 16.6 PG 53 132-133: “ara imitom, rom codnas 

iZleoda da amitom ewoda, aramed imitom, rom masTan [dakavSirebiT] moxda mcnebis 

gadasvla da mis mier Semovida codvis codna da sircxvili”; prokopi Razeli, 

dabadebaze ganmarteba PG 87 161B: “da sxva xes ar hqonda Tavis bunebaSi codnis sagani”. 

487 

ioane damaskeli, marTlmadidebluri... 25, 358, 360 (PG 94 913A, 920D); Sdr. ioane 

oqropiri, dabadebaze homiliebi 18,3 PG 53 152: “miiCnia meufem, rom cxovrobda ra 

samoTxeSi mis mier Seqmnili adamiani, unda hqonoda morCilebisa da urCobis savarjiSo, 

ori es xe iq gamoaCina, erTi sicocxlis, xolo meore, rogorc Tqva, sikvdilis”; basili 

selevkieli, sityva 3, PG 85, 52C: “morCilebisa da urCobis gansxvaveba xiT gamoxata 

(sitvasityv. xeze miawera)”. 

488 

prokopi Razeli, dabadebis ganmarteba PG 87, 161D. Sdr. ioane damaskeli, 

marTlmadidebluri... 25, 361 (PG 94 928D-929C): “Seqmna man igi bunebiT ucodveli da 

nebelobiT Tavisufali, magram ucodvels vambob ara imitom, TiTqos ar iyo codvis 

mimRebi... aramed imitom, rom bunebaSi ar hqonda mas mcodveloba; umal arCevanSi hqonda 

156

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, “Tu ar icoda xisagan Wamis uwin ram keTili da 

ram boroti, aramed mxolod gemoxilvis Semdeg iswavla, maSin 

[Cadenili] codva yofila misi sibrZnis maswavlebeli da gveli aRar 

yofila macduri, aramed umjobesis mrCevelad gamovida”. 489 

meore: adamiani samoTxeSi iyo Tavisi ganviTarebis yrmobis 

stadiaSi. keTilisa da borotis Secnoba niSnavda sakuTari bunebis 

Secnobas: 

“[Secnobis xe] imitomac iwoda ase, rom misi gemos gamsinjvelT sakuTari 

bunebis Secnobis Zalas aZlevda. [...] keTilisa da borotis codnis xe – 

esaa mravalsaxovani mWvretelobiTi Semmecnebloba. igia skuTari bunebis 

Semcnobloba... rac, erTi mxriv, keTilia srulTaTvis... meore mxriv, 

keTili ar aris maTTvis, romlebic jer kidev yrmebi arian, radgan ara 

aqvT maT simtkice imisa, rom umjobesSi mkvidrobdnen da myarad iyvnen 

dasaydrebulni mxolo mSvenieris siaxloves. amitom, maT sakuTari 

sxeulis sazrunavi, rogorc wesi, Tavisken miizidavs da waritacebs. [...] 

gvmarTebda, rom pirvel rigSi CauZieblad davmorCilebodiT RvTis 

rjuls, vidre ar mivaRwevdiT saTnoebis srul SeTvisebas, rom am gziT 

RvTisagan migveRo ZRveni _ keTilisa da borotis ganmrCevloba... radgan 

vinc axladSeqmnilia da jerac vnebadi da vnebaTmoyvare azrovneba aqvs, 

usafrTxo ar aris misTvis azrTa garCeva da mopaeqroba”. 490 

maSasadame, adamiani ar iyo mzad, Seecno sakuTari Tavi. sakuTari Tavis 

Secnoba mxolod RmerTTan marTebuli urTierTobiT iqneboda 

SesaZlebeli. xolo “marTebuloba” unda gamoxatuliyo morCilebaSi. 

logika gvibiZgebs, rom vTqvaT: morCileba gulisxmobs siyvaruls, sul 

mcire, siyvarulis raRac stadias, radgan, sapirispiro SemTxvevaSi, 

saqme gveqneboda monobis, an ukeTes SemTxvevaSi _ mosamsaxureobis 

apologiasTan. amdenad, dacemis mizezi gamodis usiyvaruloba, anu, 

maqsimeseulad rom vTqvaT, Tavmoyvareoba (amaze dawvrilebiT ix. zemoT). 

berZeni Teologebi stavros kalanZakisi da Teodoros zisisi 

aRniSnaven, rom es ori paterikuli midgoma Tavis TavSi asaxavs, erTi 

mxriv, aleqsandriul da kabadokiur da, meore mxriv, antioqiur 

tradiciebs. pirveli samoTxis adamians xatavs srulyofils, xolo 

mas es, anu uflebamosili iyo igi, rogorc sikeTeSi darCenisa... aseve, keTilisagan 

ukumiqcevisac da borotebaSi yofnisa”. 

489 ioane oqropiri, dabadebaze sityva 6,2 PG 54 607 

490 ioane damaskeli, marTlmadidebluri... 25, 358-360 (PG 94 913B, 916D-917D, 919C-920A); 

Teofile antioqieli, avtolikosadmi 2,25 PG 6 1092A,: “ar iyo sxva ram nayofSi sxva 

codna, Tu ara codna keTili, Tuki mas vinme saTanadod gamoiyenebda.. radgan adami iyo 

asakiT Cvili, amitom uZluri iyo, codna Rirseulad daetia”; irineosi, gamokvleva da 

uaryofa crudmosaxele codnis, 4,38,1. 5,6,1 PG 7,1105. 1137: “adamiani uZluri iyo, mieRo 

srulyofili, Cvili iyo radgan”. 

157

meore _ jer kidev yrmobaSi myofs. 491 Cveni azriT, es ori midgoma 

Tanxvdebian imaSi, rom dacema iyo nebelobis aqti da erTgvari 

gaufrTxilebloba, windauxedaoba, rac gankurnebadia. magaliTad, ioane 

oqropiri ambobs, rom dacema iyo sizarmacisa da qarafSutobis (ραθυµίας) 

Sedegi 492 (magram aranairad ucodinrobis). orive SemTxvevaSi adamianma 

icoda keTili da boroti da man gamoiCina sulswrafoba. amasTan erTad, 

Cveni azriT, adamianis yrmoba amsubuqebs danaSauls – igi daeca ara 

siborotis gamo, radgan masSi ar iyo ram boroti, aramed nebis 

moumwifarobis gamo (swored umwifari neba SeiZleba iyos maqsimeseuli 

gnomikuri neba 493 ). Tumca, es paterikuli pasuxi mainc tovebs ukmarobis 

grZnobas: jer erTi, adamiani Cayenebul iqna iseT mdgomareobaSi, sadac 

arCevani unda gaekeTebina. es ki niSnavs, rom mas ar hqonda sruli 

Tavisufleba – arCevani araa sruli Tavisufleba (amis Sesaxeb ix. 

qvemoT); meore, is ar iyo iseTi nebis mflobeli, romelic SeiZleba 

yofiliyo “mtkice” (patristikuli Teodicia aSkarad moikoWlebs). am 

suraTis sisrulisaTvis saWirod migvaCnia mivyveT grigoli noselis 

msjelobas. 

grigol noseli Tavis “did kateqetur sityvaSi” saubrobs 

adamianis Seqmnasa da dacemaze. V Tavis me-5 qveTavSi igi ambobs, rom 

adamiani Seiqmna saRvTo unariT aRWurvili da “cxorebiTa da sityÂTa 

491 Στ. Καλαντζακης, «Εν Αρχή εποίησεν ο Θεός». Ερµηνευτική ανάλυση των περί δηµιοθργίας διηγήσεως της 

Γενέσεως. Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 399-406; Θ. Ζήσης, Η Σωτηρία του ανθρώπου και του κόσµου, Θεσσαλονίκη, 1997, 

74. Cven Segnebulad avuareT gverdi keTilisa da borotis cnebis ebraul gagebas, sadac 

igi niSnavs ubralod codnis sisavses da ara TavisTavadi keTilisa da TavisTavadi 

borotis gansxvavebas (Στ. Καλαντζακης, «Εν Αρχή εποίησεν ο Θεός»... 411). berZnuli kalkirebuli 

Targmanis mixedviT ganmartavdnen berZnulenovani saeklesio mwerlebi, romelTa Soris 

aris maqsimec, da Cven aq swored maTi gageba gvainteresebs da ara bibliiis TavisTavadi 

azri. 

492 ioane oqropiri, dabadebaze homiliebi 14.4 PG 53 122B. Sdr. Ефрем Сирин, Толкование на 

Бытие 2, http://www.krotov.info/library/06_e/efr/em_sirin_024.htm: “совершенное преступление произошло не 

по нужде, а по небрежению”. 

493 sainteresoa is garemoeba, rom pirosTan sityvisgebis is nawili, sadac saubaria 

gnomikuri, anu jerCinebiTi nebis Sesaxeb (PG 90, 0308-0316), eqvTime aTonelis TargmanSi 

mTlianad gamotovebulia (ra Tqma unda, is saxezea gelaTur TargmanSi). vfiqrobT, es 

viTareba savsebiT gasagebia, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT eqvTimes miznebsa da mTargmnelobiT 

meTods, romlebic zemoT, pirvel TavSi vrclad ganvixileT. igi, rogorc vTqviT, 

cdilobda swored uWeSmaritesi swavlebis da ara ama Tu im mwerlis sruli 

Teologiuri naazrevis qarTulad gadmoRebas. xolo maqsimes jerCinebis koncepti, erTi 

mxriv, ar aris srulad damajerebeli (amaze ix. qvemoT) da, meore mxriv, mas (am cnebas) 

ar iyeneben sxva saeklesio mamebi. anu, vfiqrobT, es koncepti marTalia, ar iyo 

uaryofili, magram arc srulad iqna gaziarebuli saeklesio tradiciaSi misi 

(konceptis) arasrulyofilebis gamo. 

158

da sibrZniTa da yovelTave RmrTivSuenieriTa keTiliTa Seimko” 494 (5,5). 

igi Seimko umaRlesi sikeTiTac _ TavisuflebiT: “upatiosnesisa 

keTilisagan viTarmca daaklo igi! xolo vityÂ Tavisuflebasa” (5,9). ese 

igi, adamiani iyo unaklo (“keTil iyo da keTilsa Sina dasabamsa bunebaÁ 

Cueni” (5,6)) da hqonda codna, rogorc sibrZne. maS ratom daeca? noseli 

ar iZleva pirdapir pasuxs, magram erT rames aRniSnavs: “samoTxe igi da 

nayofTa misTa saSuebeli, romelTa WamaÁ ara muclisa simaZRresa, 

aramed gulisÃmisyofasa da ukudavebasa moatyuebda mWamelTa misTa 

(5,6)”. anu nayofebiT kveba igive iyo, rac safexurebrivi RvTisSemecneba 

da amasTan erTad ukvdavebaSi SenarCuneba. adamianis dacema 

SesaZlebelia, rogorc siamovnebisaken midreka (amasve amtkicebs 

maqsimec), 495 radgan “Sinagan nebisa aRmoecenebis boroti” (5,10) 

(damaskelis mixedviT, es imitom, rom igi jer kidev yrma iyo da misi 

neba ki gamouwrTobeli). miidrika ra adamiani (xorcieli) 

siamovnebisaken, mis bunebaSi Semovida winaaRmdegobebi: “yovelive 

winaaRmdgomi ixilvebis kacTa Soris” (5,7) (maqsimesaTvis es 

winaaRmdegobebi aris erTsa da mravals Soris (ix. qvemoT). magram “ara 

RmerTi ars mizez Sen zeda mowevnulTa amaT awindelTa borotTa, 

romelman-igi TÂTmflobelad da Tavisuflad dahbada bunebaÁ Seni, 

aramed nebaÁ da ugulisÃmoebaÁ da ganunaxvelobaÁ Seni, romliTa-igi 

boroti keTilsa aRirCie” (5,10). adamianis neba keTilia, mxolod 

“[eSmakma] Zmaculobisa mier siborote Sezava nebasa kacisasa” (6,8). 

adamiani mxolod ganunaxvelobiT (αβουλία, ganusjelobiT, 

ganuzraxvelobiT, uneburobiT), anu daufiqreblobiT, nebis sisustis 

gamo Secda. xolo siqvelis mopoveba, ese igi Canergili Tvisebebis 

aTviseba nebis ganmtkicebis wiaR, moRvaweobiT unda momxdariyo: 

“saTnoebaÁ moRuawebad da mizezad gÂrgÂnosnebisa muSakTaTvis 

saTnoebisaTa ganuwesebies” (7,3). dabolos, noseli erTgvar Sejamebas 

akeTebs: 

494 

“rameTu vinaÁTgan TÂTmflobelobisa mier ziarebaÁ borotTaÁ movigeT, 

raJams gemoTmoyvarebisa mier boroti, viTarca wamali makudinebeli, 

grigol noseli, didi kateqeturi sityva (eq. koWlamazaSvili, wm. grigol 

noselis «didi kateqeturi sityva» da misi Zveli qarTuli Targmani, qristianularqeologiuri 

Ziebani 1/2008, ilia WavWavaZis saxelmw. universiteti, 71-154) 

495 Sdr. gal 5,13: “xolo Tqven, Zmebo, TavisuflebisaTvis xarT mowodebulni, oRond 

Tavisufleba ar gaxdes sababi xorcis saameblad, aramed siyvaruliT emsaxureT 

erTmaneTs”. 

159

TafliTa ganzavebuli, bunebasa Cuensa uwdieT da mis mier uvnebelisa 

misgan siwmidisa daveceniT da borotsa SevesakuTreniT” (8,2). 496 

vxedavT, rom noseli, msgavsad sxva saeklesio mwerlebisa, adamianis 

Tavisuflebas xedavs arCevanSi _ sikeTe-borotebis daZabuloba 

(“winaaRmdgomi” 

(5,7), romelic daanakuwebs erTian adamianur bunebas, 

Sedegia mcdari arCevanis. magram, ramdenadaa arCevani Tavisuflebis 

sisrule? gana RmerTis Tavisuflebas sWirdeba arCevani? vfiqrobT, 

zemomoyvanil saeklesio mwerlebTan am kiTxvaze ar aris amomwuravi 

pasuxi, Tumca erTgvari pasuxi mainc ikveTeba. jer erTi, yovelTvis 

xazgasmulia nebis sisuste, daudevroba, daufiqrebloba, qarafSutoba 

da ara gamiznuli siborote. adamini Secda, gadauxvia gezs, magram es ar 

iyo sruli katastrofa da miznis saboloo acdena. arsad ar aris 

saubari Tavisuflebis waxdenis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba arCevani gakeTda 

mcdari, magram igi (arCevani) mxolod erTi aspeqtia Tavisuflebisa. 

meore, adamianis arCevani rom yofiliyo sruli gamovlena 

Tavisuflebisa, maSin dacema iqneboda saboloo da aRudgeneli iseve, 

rogorc es aris dacemuli angelozis SemTxvevaSi (Tumca noselTan arc 

misi dacemaa gamousworebeli 497 ). Tavisufleba TavisTavad aRemateba 

arCevanis Tavisuflebas. Tavisufleba rom metia borotsa da keTils 

Soris arCevanze, vfiqrobT, bundovnad, magram mainc miiniSneba 

noselTan: 

“ganhyofs korinTelTa wignsa Sina wessa ÃorcielTa da sulierTa 

sulTasa da guaswavebs, viTarmed ara jer-ars ÃorcielTa 

gulissityuaTa mier keTilisa da borotisa gankiTxvaÁ, aramed zeSTa 

ÃorcielTa sacnobelTasa jer-ars aRmaRlebaÁ, da esreT gancdad 

keTilisa da borotisa bunebasa, rameTu ityÂs, viTarmed: sulieri 

ganikiTxavs yovelsave (1kor 2,15)” (7,2). 

amrigad, suliwmidis ZaliT sulieri gansjis borotsa da keTils 

Soris da Tavad ar ganisjeba (1kor 2, 13,15), radgan igi aRemateba 

keTilisa da borotis gayofilobas. Tavisuflebis suliT moculi ki ar 

aris moqceuli amgvar daZabulobaSi da ar ganisjeba maTiT, aramed 

Tavad gansazRvravs, anu dasazRvravs maT. is Tavisufleba, romelic 

496 Sdr. Ефрем Сирин, Толкование на Бытие 3, http://www.krotov.info/library/06_e/efr/em_sirin_024.htm: “А 

если жена побеждена красотой дерева и приятностью плодов его, то не советом, вошедшим в слух ее, 

побеждена. Введена же в преступление пожеланием, обнаружившимся в ней самой. Но поскольку заповедь 

была дана для испытания, то получился удобный случай прийти искусителю”. 

497 ix. eq. koWlamazaSvili, wm. grigol noselis «didi kateqeturi sityva»... 58-69 

160

aqvs xatebas, namdvili Tavisuflebis mxolod potenciaa (Sdr. 5,9). 

noselisaTvis xateba aris saRvTo unarebis erToblioba (maT Soris 

upatiosnesi aris Tavisufleba 498 ), romlebic aZleven adamians 

SesaZleblobas, Tavad ganaviTaros es unarebi (“keTilTa maT saRmrToTa 

momzavebeli” (5,5)), da maT mier am unarebis pirvelsaxes, anu RmerTs 

eziaros, rac iqneboda mopovebuli/mopovebadi msgavseba (“raÁTa mis 

Sorisa myofisa Zalisa mier icnas aRmatebuli (5,5)... da raÁTa keTilisa 

mimarT mislvaÁ da mas Sina dadgromaÁ niWad saTnoebisad 

Seeracxebodis” (5,9)). 499 maSasadame, arCevani nawilobrivi Tavisuflebaa 

da amitomac adamiani “nawilobriv” daeca. 

sruli Tavisufleba rom aRemateba arCevans, mkafiodaa maqsimesTan 

xazgasmuli. pirosTan sityvisgebaSi maqsime qristeSi ori bunebiTi 

nebelobis Sesaxeb msjelobisas ambobs, rom mas (bunebiT nebelobas) 

ara aqvs arCevani. is aris mondomeba, survili bunebis (φύσει θελητικόν 500 , 

bunebiT mnebebeli). da es survili mudam mimarTulia keTilisaken, anu 

RmerTisaken. amdenad, is sruliad Tavisufalia. pirosi SeeWvda am 

msjelobis marTebulobaSi: “ukueTu bunebiTsa ityÂ nebasa, xolo 

bunebiTi yoveli iZulebiTi ars, sacnaur ars, ukeTu qristesTÂs 

bunebiTni vTquneT nebani, yovelsa nebsiTsa saqmesa missa davhÃsniT 

498 sityÂsgebaÁ, romel iqmna Soris wmidisa maqsimesa da pirosis konstantinepolel 

patriaqisa mwvalebelisa l. xoferia, maqsime... danarTi teqsti [eqvTime aTonelis], 11: 

“vinaÁTgan xatad RmrTisa dabadebul ars kaci, TÂTmflobelobaÁ ars xatebaÁ igi, 

viTarca pirmSoÁ igi saxÀ TÂTmflobel ars”. 

499 Sdr. Μ. Βασέλειος, Περί κατασκευής ανθρώπου PG 30,32: “aris potenciiT CemSi azrovnebiTi da 

gonieri, romelic RmerTis xatisebrobas qmnis, xolo energia siqvelisaTvis 

moswrafeobaa da sikeTes miaRwevinebs da amgvarad saukeTeso moqalaqeobiT (cxovrebiT) 

miiyvans RmerTis msgavsebisamebrTan”. 

500 pirosTan sityvisgeba PG 91, 303: “Tuki gonier [arsebebs] bunebiTad aqvT 

TviTmflobelobiTi moZraoba, maSasadame, yoveli gonieri aris bunebiT momsurvebeli 

(θελητικόν, mnebebeli). xolo netarma diadoqos fotielma gansazRvra, rom nebeloba aris 

TviTmflobeloba (Θέλησιν γαρ το αυτεξουσίον ο µακάριος ωρίσατο ∆ιαδόχος ο Φωτικής είναι)”. Sdr. 

sityÂsgebaÁ, romel iqmna Soris wmidisa maqsimesa da pirosis... 8 [eqvTime aTonelis]: 

“pirmetyuelTa bunebiTi wesi ars TÂTmflobeli nebaÁ. [...] yovelTa pirmetyuelTa 

bunebiTi wesi ars TÂTmflobeli nebaÁ”; iqve [gelaTuri] 25: “aw ukue, ukeTu bunebisaebr 

Tanaaqus gonierTa TÂTÃelmwife moZravobaÁ, yoveli sadme gonieri mnebebelobiTica 

(θελητικόν) ars bunebiT, rameTu nebebaÁ (Θέλησιν) TÂTÃelmwifebad gansazRvra yofad 

sanatrelman diadoxos fotikelma”. Sdr. iqve 26 (PG 90, 2034D) “TÂTmflobelobaÁ nebad 

gansazRvres mamaTa (το αυτεξούσιον θέλησιν ωρίσατο οι Πατέρες)” (gelaTur TargmanSi θέληση 

iTargmneba xan nebad, xan - nebebad, xolo Cven mas yovelTvis vTargmniT nebelobad). 

TviTmflobeloba, anu Tavisufleba aris Tavad nebeloba da ara nebelobis 

Tavisufleba. anu, nebelobis mier gakeTebul arCevanSi ki ar xdeba, ganxorcieldeba 

misi Tavisufleba, aramed Tavad misi arsebobiT igi aris ukve Tavisufleba. arCevani 

mxolod nebelobis da Tavisuflebis gamovlinebaa da ara Tavad Tavisufleba. 

161

(εκούσιον αναιρείν κίνησιν, nebsiT moZraobas ganvaqarvebT)”. 501 anu, Tuki 

bunebiTi mosurneoba aurCevlad mimarTulia mxolod erTi konkretuli 

miznisaken, gamodis rom bunebas Tavisufleba ara aqvs, anu ar arsebobs 

bunebiTi Tavisufleba. amaze maqsime pasuxobs: 

“Tu... bunebiTi aris srulad iZulebuli, xolo RmerTi aris bunebiT 

RmerTi, bunebiT keTili, bunebiT Semoqmedi, maSin RmerTi aucileblobiT 

(ανάγκη) aris RmerTi, keTili da Semoqmedi. [...] ara mxolod RmerTi, 

romelic arsebulebze aRmatebulia, aramed yoveli gonieri da 

moazrovne, romlebic arian bunebiT mnebebelni (φύσει όντα θελητικά), aqvT 

uneburi moZraoba, xolo usuloebs, romlebic arian aramnebebelni, 

nebsiTi aqvT moZraoba. amas garda, netarma kirile [aleqsandrielma] 

Teodorites dadanaSaulebebze pasuxisas (gagvaTavisufla ra zedmeti 

Ziebisagan), pirdapir ganacxada: ‘bunebiT gonierSi araferi bunebiTi ar 

aris uneburi’.” 502 

maqsime Tavisuflebis umaRles xarisxs xedavs RmerTSi – RmerTi bunebiT 

Tavisufalia, Tumca mas keTilsa da borots Soris arCevani ara aqvs, anu 

igi mudam aris da qmedebs arCevanis gareSe Tavisuflad. da radgan 

RmerTis arseboba maqsimesaTvis da misi TanamosaubreebisaTvis ueWvelia, 

igi amaze wyvets adamianis Tavisuflebis argumentirebas. SemgdomSi igi 

Tavisuflebas ganixilavs, rogorc damtkicebul da cxad cnebas da mas 

ukve moiSveliebs sxva sadavo sakiTxebis gansamartavad. 503 

maSasadame, maqsimesaTvis aris orgvari Tavisufleba: arCeviTi 

(gnomikuri, jerCinebiTi), ase vTqvaT, nawilobrivi Tavisufleba (rasac 

SegviZlia, vuwodoT xatisebroba) da meore, absoluturi Tavisufleba, 

romelic moRvaweobiTad unda moipovos adamianma RmerTTan ziarebiT 504 

(rac niSnavs msgavsebobis daunjebas). 505 

501 sityÂsgebaÁ, romel iqmna Soris wmidisa maqsimesa da pirosis... 4 

502 pirosTan ganxilva...PG 91, 295C-296A. Sdr. sityÂsgebaÁ, romel iqmna Soris wmidisa 

maqsimesa da pirosis... 4 (eqvTimes mier Targmnili es monakveTi dedans Zlier Sordeba); 

iqve 8 [gelaTuri]: “ukeTu bunebiTi ueWuelad iZulebiTica ars, xolo bunebiT RmerT 

ars RmerTi, bunebiT saxier, bunebiT dambadebel, iZulebiT RmerT iyos RmerTi da 

saxier da dambadebel. [...] ara xolo RmerTsa, uzeSTaessa myofTasa, aramed gonierTaca 

yovelTa da sityÂerTa, bunebiT mnebebelad myofTa, uneblieTi aqundes ZrvaÁ, xolo 

usuloTa armnebebelobiTTa nefsiTi moaqundes moZravobaÁ. garna netarma kÂrille 

mesamesa Tavsa Sina Tevdorites-mimarT bralobasa gamomiÃsnna Cuen nametavTa 

SromaTagan, daufaravad gamomaCinebelma, viTarmed ‘araraÁ bunebiTi uneblieTad ars 

goniersa Sina bunebasa’” (es Targmani dedanTan sizustiTa da poeturobiT uzadoa). 

503 ix. Д. Шленов (Иеромонах), Гефсиманское моление в свете христологии преподобного Максима 

Исповедника, http://pravlib.narod.ru/ispovednik_gefsim_molenie.htm#_ftn19; Ian A. McFarland, ‘Naturally and by 

grace’: Maximus the Confessor on the operation of the will, Scottish Journal of Theology, 58, UK 2005, 410-433 

504 Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 216: “[С]вобода выбора... не принадлежит к совершенству 

свободы; напротив, есть умаление и искажение свободы. [...] ‘Выбор’ совсем не есть обязательное условие 

свободы. Бог волит и действует в совершенной свободе, но именно Он не колеблется и не выбирает”; aseve 

А.Г. Гаджикурбанов, Античная и средневековая этика о ценностной предпочтительности добра, 

Философская этика и нравственное богословие, Институт Философии РАН, Москва 2003, 133-134: 

“avgustine, maqsimes msgavsad, ganasxvavebs Tavisuflebas, Tavisufal nebas (libertas, libera 

162

da mainc, mTavar kiTxvaze pasuxi ar aris damajerebeli, anu, ratom 

airCia adamianma udaresi, roca icoda umjobesi? (Sdr. rom 1.19,32; 2.8). 

marTalia, vfiqrobT, rom maqsimesTan am kiTxvaze Tanamedrove 

adamianisaTvis damakmayofilebeli pasuxi ar arsebobs, mainc gvinda, 

SevecadoT, meti garkveuloba SevitanoT maqsimes Tavisuflebis 

koncefciaSi. magram sanam am sakiTxze gadavidodeT, saWirod migvaCnia, 

gavakeToT am TemasTan dakavSirebiT mcire eqskursi berZnul 

filosofiasa da qristianul, ufro konkretulad, pavle mociqulisa da 

patristikul azrovnebaSi. 

arsebobs borotisa da keTilis gasarCevad ori ZiriTadi tipis 

dasabuTeba: 1. naturalisturi, anu borotebisa da keTilis obieqturi 

garkveuloba (umetesad berZnuli doqtrinebi) 2. am moraluri 

absolutebis voluntatiuri (nebelobaze dafuZnebuli) warmomavloba 

(qristianuli eTika). 

antikur samyaros aqvs eTikuri agebuleba, sadac batonobs ara 

mxolod logosuri sawyisi, aramed masTan Sefardebuli moraluri 

energiebi. logosi eTikuria imdenad, ramdenadac racionalizirebulia 

misi eTosi. yofna (arseboba) TavisTavad aris sikeTe da arsebuli 

gansazRvrulia, rogorc zneobrivad pozitiuri. sikeTe aris yofna (anu 

logosi, goneba, zomiereba) da boroteba _ aryofna (qaosi, TviTneboba). 

namdvili yofna gamoixateba cnebebiT: erTianoba, mTlianoba, harmonia, 

romlebic arian sikeTis aspeqtebi. logosi aris zneobrivi, radgan igi 

moawyobs da inarCunebs samyaros aseT sikeTeSi. obieqturi sikeTis 

zeobas mowmobs swored samyaros, rogorc mTlianobis, mowesrigebuloba, 

anu Tavad samyaro ganasaxierebs umaRles sikeTes da samarTlianobas, 

xolo is, rac arRvevs mis mTlianobasa da mowesrigebulobas, aris 

boroteba. amdenad, kargi da cudi, rogorc arCevis obieqtebi, 

erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebulebi arian da, amasTan erTad, keTilis 

voluntas) da Tavisufal arCevans (liberum arbitrium). [...] adamianis bunebisaTvis ufro 

Sesaferisi aris unari, iyos metad Tavisufali, vidre Tavisufal arCevanSi (liberius libero 

arbitrio), anu ar emsaxuros codvas (waxdenilobisa da madlis Sesaxeb 11,32)”. 

505 Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 216-217; saeklesio tradiciaSi Tavisuflebis 

cnebis Sesaxeb ix. ∆. Τσελεγγίδης, Χάρη και ελευθερία κατά την πατερική παράδοση του Ι∆΄αιώνα (madli 

da Tavisufleba me-14 saukunis mamaTa tradiciaSi), Θεσσαλονίκη 2002, 39-50; Βασίλη Μπακούρος, 

Ελευθερία και Θεότητα στην αρχαιοελληνική σκέψη και στους Πατέρες (Tavisufleba da RvTaeba Zvel 

berZnul azrovnebaSi da wminda mamebTan), Σοσιαλιστική Κοινωνική Αλληλεγγύη και Χριστιανική Αγάπη, 

Περιοδικό “Τρίτο Μάτι”, ∆εκεµβρίου 2004, 128, 22-26 

163

RirebulebiTi upiratesobac mocemulia. metic, saxezea RirebulebaTa 

ierarqia. es ierarqia dgindeba ontologiis CarCoebSi da amitom igi 

moicavs mTel arsebuls, anu goniTsawvdomsa da nivTiers mTlianad. 

platonis protagoraSi vlindeba moraluri postulatebi: 1. 

adamianuri buneba keTilia; 2. adamians ar SeuZlia, Segnebulad miayenos 

sakuTar Tavs ziani (sokrateseulad rom vTqvaT, Cven ara varT sakuTari 

Tavis mtrebi); 3. SeuZlebelia Segnebuli miswrafeba borotebisaken. 

amrigad, adamianis eidosur, anu sulier aspeqtSi vlindeba misi sikeTe. 

aqedanaa mowodeba: “Seican Tavi Seni”. adamianis suli, anu mis gonieri 

nawili msgavsia namdvilad arsebuli gonieri samyarosi. amitom msgavsi 

msgavsiT Seimecneba. aqedanaa, rom codna uTanaswordeba sikeTes da 

mcodne adamianma ver unda Caidinos boroteba. platonis fedronis 

mixedviT, siyvaruls aRZravs adamianSi per se sikeTis cqera da, amdenad, 

sulis/gonebis miswrafeba sikeTisaken aris erTgvarad instinqturi 

bunebiTi da, SeiZleba iTqvas, arapersonaluri, upirovno moZraoba 

(miuxedavad imisa, rom stoicizmSi subieqturi intencia ganarCevs 

TavisTavad neitralur sagnebs borotad da keTilad, ganarCevs mainc 

spermatuli logosis, anu bunebis safuZvelze). bunebis pasuxi keTilze 

aris sixaruli da siamovneba, rogorc sakuTari msgavsis Secnoba. sikeTe 

moswons ra adamians, trfialebiTad ganicdeba da, amdenad, esTetikuri da 

moraluri erT safuZvelze aRmocenebulad vlindeba. mSveniereba da 

sikeTe erTi da imave ontologiuri safuZvlis absoluturi aspeqtebia. 

magram ratom irCevs suli borots, anu ratom moxda sulis Tavdapirveli 

“dacema”, “Cavardna” materialur samyaroSi, berZnebTan amaze pasuxi ar 

aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom neoplatonizmSi aris mcdeloba, dacema 

aixsnas materiis sulze gavleniT, sabolood mainc auxsneli rCeba, Tu 

rogor CaiTria nivTierebam suli maSin, rodesac neoplatonuri 

TvalTaxedviT, suli umaRlesia sxeulze da Tan bunebiTad 

(“instinqturad”) da Segnebuladac aqvs keTilis arCevani. 506 

voluntatiuri qristianuri moralia. samyaros ontologiuri 

statusi ganisazRvreba pirovnuli Semoqmedis mier. marTalia, 

qristianobaSic SenarCunebulia yofisa da sikeTis gaigiveba (samerTeba 

RmerTi aris absoluturi sikeTe), adamianma sikeTe unda airCios masTan 

506 R.T. Wallis, Νεοπλατωνισµός, Αθήνα 2002, 131 

164

ara bunebiTi naTesaobis an msgavsebis gamo (Tumca is RmerTis xateba da 

msgavsebaa), aramed imitom, rom RmerTs ase nebavs da ase brZanebs. aseve, 

miuxedavad imisa, rom RmerTis mamoZravebeli siyvarulia (romelic misi 

bunebaa, “vinaidan RmerTi siyvarulia” (1in 4,8)), sikeTisa da borotebis 

gansxvavebis safuZveli mainc aris adamianis gareT, anu saRvTo nebeloba 

da sxva araferi (Tundac rom es nebeloba moyvaruli nebeloba iyos). 

aseT viTarebaSi sruli Tavisufleba gamoiricxeba –yovel SemTxvevaSi, 

sawyis etapze. xolo arCevanis Tavisufleba aris mxolod sisrulis 

miRwevis saSualeba. wmindanebs, iseve rogorc berZen “sibrZnismoyvare” 

adamianebs, aRar sWirdebaT aseTi Tavisufleba, radgan arCevani ukve 

gakeTebulia. 507 

rogorc vnaxeT, maqsimesTan (da danarCen zemoganxilul saeklesio 

mwerlebTan latenturad mainc) arCevani udaresia namdvili 

Tavisuflebis. verc berZnul azrovnebaSi daeZebneba damakmayofilebeli 

axsna “sulis dacemas” da, amdenad, Tavisuflebis cnebasac. erTi ram ki 

naTelia: marTalia, qristian mamebs miaCndaT, rom adamians dacemamde 

hqonda kargisa da cudis codna, es codna mainc ar iyo sruli, aramed 

iyo Canasaxovani (“Cvilisebri”), potenciuri, (iseve, rogorc Tavisufleba) 

(Cven Semdgom TavSi vnaxavT Canasaxovan/Cvilesebri mdgomareobis 

mimarTebas drois cnebasTan da droSi ZalisxmevasTan). amdenad, 

vfiqrobT, mamebi am sakiTxSi ar upirispirdebian berZnul azrovnebas, 

romlis mixedviTac codna gamoricxavs cudis qmedebas, anu sikeTisaken 

sibrZnismoyvareobiTi swrafva gamoricxavs borots. 

aseve, vfiqrobT, Tu pavle mociqulis msjelobas borotis 

Segnebulad arCevis Sesaxeb ganvixilavT romaelTa epistolis zogad 

konteqstSi, SesaZloa, vivaraudoT, rom misi es naTqvami exeba ukve 

codviT dacemul adamians da ara pirvelqmnils. igi sakuTar Tavzec 

ambobs: 

“rjuli sulieria, me ki – xorcieli, codvisadmi miyiduli. vinaidan, ras 

vakeTeb, ar vici: imitom, rom imas ar vakeTeb, rac msurs, aramed rac 

mZuls, imas vakeTeb. [...] Cems asoebSi vxedav sxva rjuls, romelic 

winaaRmdegobas uwevs Cemi gonebis rjuls da mxdis Cems asoebSi myofi 

507 А.Г. Гаджикурбанов, Античная и средневековая этика... 120-131; Ν. Ματσούκας, Ιστορία της φιλοσοφίας, 

Θεσσαλονίκη 1997, 141-152; ∆. Κρικώνης, Η αρχαία ελληνική φιλοσοφία τ. Α΄, Θεσσαλονίκη 2002, 115-123; П. 

Адо, Фигура Сократа,Что такое античная философия? Москва, 1999; Sdr. М. Мамардашвили, Лекции по 

античной философии, Москва 2002, 23-34, 85-90. 

165

codvis rjulis tyved. [...] Cemi gonebiT RvTis rjuls vemonebi, xolo 

sxeuliT – codvis rjuls” (rom 7, 14,23, 25) 508 

pavles sakuTar Tavze gadaaqvs is, razec igi saubrobda wina TavebSi da 

amgvarad asrulebs rjulis, codnisa da codvis Temas. igi ar emijneba 

samyaros da adamianebis xvedrs da am xvedrs srulad iTavisebs (am Temas 

Semdeg TavSi davubrundebiT). vfiqrobT, aq pavle exmianeba “gareSe” 

berZnul azrovnebas: nebsiT ar Caidens codvas mcodne adamiani, masze 

dacemuli buneba rom ar Zalmomreobdes. berZnuli azrovnebisaTvis 

swored codna iyo dacemulobisagan gaTavisuflebis gza. imave sokrates 

damokidebuleba sikvdilTan platonis fedronSi: filosofia momzadebaa 

sikvdilisaTvis, anu codna aris gaTavisufleba sxeulisagan – ase 

vTqvaT, sxeulSi, rogorc dilegSi momwyvdeuli sulis gamoxsna. 509 aseve, 

pavlesTan adamians siamovnebs keTili, rogorc misTvis saTanado, 

erTgvarad monaTesave, magram sxeulSi gabatonebuli codva, anu 

sikvdili, ar anebebs sikeTes. aseTi xvedrisagan kacobriobis gamoxsna 

qristeSia, anu xsna aris qristes mier RvTis SeZlebisdagvarad sruli 

codna: “ubadruki adamiani var! vin damixsnis am sikvdilis sxeulisagan? 

vmadlob RmerTs Cveni uflis qriste iesos mier” (rom, 7, 24-25). berZnuli 

da pavles (obieqturi da voluntatiuri) azrovneba, ase Tu ise, erT 

raimeSi Tanxvdebian: codna aris xsna borotisagan. 

sainteresoa maqsimes mier romaelTa epistolis am monakveTis (1-8 

Tavebis) sxvadasxva muxlis interpretacia. Talasesadmi pasuxebSi aris 

ramdenime aseTi komentari. 

Talasesadmi 13-Si ganimarteba pavles fraza: “misi uxilavebi 

samyaros Seqmnidan qmnilebebSi moazrebuli ixilveba” (rom 1,20). zemoT 

ramdenimejer ganvixileT es ganmarteba da vnaxeT, rom iq saubaria 

508 Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb pavle mociqulTan ix. Иеремия Анхимюк (Архиепископ ), Свобода и 

власть по учению святого Апостола Павла, Богословская Конференция Русской Православной Церкви, 

Москва, 5-8 ноября 2001 г., Синодальная Богословская комиссия, Москва 2002, 29-32 

509 Sdr. Σ. Τριαντάρη-µάρα, Η Γνώση και η πίστη στον Ιωάννη Φιλόπονο, Εκδόσεις Επέκταση (Αθήνα) 2001, 234, 

274: “ioane filoponosi esqatologiur perspeqtivas xedavs filosofiis im cnebaSi, 

romelic platonis ‘TeetitosSi’ gaformda: ‘filosofia aris RmerTTan mimsgavseba, 

ramdenadac [es] SesaZlebelia [adamianisaTvis]’. [...] bizantielebisaTvis, iseve rogorc 

Zveli samyarosaTvis, filosofia aRniSnavda imas, Tu ra Sexeduleba hqondaT maT 

Tavad sicocxleze. ar aris laparaki ama Tu im msoflmxedvelobis filosofiasa an 

ubralod raime wmindad logikur azrobriv poziciaze, aramed swavlebaze, romelic 

Seexeba adamianis sicocxlis gaformebas. misi (filosofiis) sagani moicavs mTel 

saRvTo arsebobas da, aseve, kacobriobisasac, xolo misi mizani aris, daexmaros 

adamians, gaxdes RmerTis msgavsi”. 

166

logosebze, 510 anu xiluli sagnebis uxilavi logosebis wiaR RmerTis, 

rogorc samerTebis, Secnobaze. igive Ffraza ganxilulia mistagogiis 

meore TavSic, anu mas eZleva evqaristiuli datvirTva. es gvaZlevs 

saSualebas, vifiqroT, rom maqsimesaTvis arCevani aqtualuria 

evqaristiul sivrceSi axla da aq, da ara maSin da sxvagan, samoTxeSi an 

Zveli aRTqmis eonSi (aq eonSi igulisxmeba ara mxolod droiTi periodi, 

aramed am periodTan dakavSirebuli adamianis sulieri da 

kulturul/socialuri mdgomareoba, romelSic RmerTis moqmedeba 

vlindeba gansxvavebulad, vidre sxva eonebSi _ dacemamdeli eoni, 

rjulamdeli eoni, axali aRTqmis eoni). 

Talasesadmi 14: 

“kiTxva: ra aris: ‘RvTismosaobdnen da RvTismsaxurebdnen (εσεβάσθησαν και 

ελάτρευσαν, eTayvanebodnen da emsaxurebodnen) qmnilebas Semqmnelis magier’ 

(rom 1,25). ra aris ‘RvTismosavoba’ da ra ‘RvTismsaxureba’? 

pasuxi: RvTismosaoba aris saRvTos Tayvaniscema rwmeniT, xolo 

RvTismsaxureba aris saqmeebiT momsaxureoba (θεραπεία). RvTismosaoba, anu 

rwmena, adamianebma Semoqmedis magivrad qmnilebaze gadaitanes da Tayvans 

scemen mas, swamT ra demonebis da RvTismsaxureben boroti saqmeebiT maT 

da mosamsaxureoben (θεραπείαν προσάγοντες, miageben ra momsaxurebas). Cven ki, 

vinc RmerTs Tayvans vcemT misdami rwmeniT, viswrafoT siqveleebiT 

aRsrulebuli cxovrebiT, mivagoT mas sufTa msaxureba”. 511 

cxadia, es komentari ar SeiZleba mocemuli weriliseuli muxlis 

pirdapir ganmartebad CaiTvalos, magram mainc niSandoblivia, rom mas 

kvlav awmyo dro Semoaqvs (Tayvans scemen, RvTismsaxureben, viswrafoT, 

mivagoT). anu, pavles warsulis drois aRmniSvneli zmnebi _ 

RvTismosaobdnen da RvTismsaxurebdnen _ icvlebian zmnebiT: Tayvans 

scemen da mosamsaxureoben axla. romaelTa konteqstidan Cans da maqsimec 

adasturebs da ufro metad emfazirebs, rom laparakia ara kerZod 

samoTxiseul arCevanze, aramed zogad adamianur kondiciaze da am 

viTarebis axla da aq aspeqtze. da kvlav, evqaristiuli momenti isev 

saxezea – swored (radgan laparakia RvTismsaxurebaze) evqaristia Cans aq 

da axlas upiratesi are. 

Talasesadmi 18: 

“kiTxva: Tu ‘rjulis aRmsrulebelni gamarTldebian’ (rom 2,13), ratomRa 

ambobs ‘romlebic rjulSi Tavs imarTlebT, madlisagan ganvardebiT’ 

(gal 5,4)? 

pasuxi: ara martivad rjulis aRmsruleblebi gamarTldebian, aramed 

sulieri da sulierad moazrebuli rjulis; sulSi (suliwmidaSi) 

510 Sdr. sxvadasxva siZnele... 54 PG 91, 1176 

511 Talasesadmi... 14 PG 90,296D-297A 

167

sulismieri rjuliT gamarTldebian Sinagani adamianis (rom 7,22) 

mixedviT da ar ganvardebian madlisagan sulis (ψυχής) siRrmeSi misi 

(sulis) ganwmendelobiT logosis ganmsWvalviT (διάβασιν). xolo isini, 

vinc xilulis mixedviT sxeulebrivad msaxureben saRvTos, mTlianad 

ganvardebian madlisagan, radgan ar ician sulieri rjulis madlis 

gansruleba da bolo anu qriste (rom 10,4), [romeli madlic aris] yoveli 

laqisagan gonebis ganmwmedeli”. 512 

kvlav ikveTeba logosis sammagi ganxorcieleba: 1. qmnilebaSi 

(Talasesadmi 13); 2. wm. werilSi (Talasesadmi 18); 3. siqveleebSi 

(Talasesadmi 14). aseve sainteresoa “Sinagani adamianis” Taviseburi 

komentari. pavles mixedviT, bunebiTi rjulis matarebeli warmarTebi, 

romelTac rjuli bunebiTad gulebSi uweriaT da mas asruleben, 

gamarTldebian (rom 2,13-15). es rjuli igivea, rac Sinagan adamianSi, 

adamianis sulSi CaTesili kanoni anu bunebiTi logosi (ix. Talasesadmi 

15) da gamodis, rom is Zv. aRTqmis rjulze upiratesia, radgan es 

ukanaskneli mxolod misi garegnuli mxarea, anu garegamovlinebaa 

garkveul viTarebaSi (Zv. aRTqmis eonSi). rodesac suliwmidasTan 

Tanamoqmedebs adamiani sakuTari sulis ganmwmendelobas, maSin bunebiTi 

logosiT, anu kanoniT mTlianad ganimsWvaleba igi (suli da, amdenad, 

mTeli adamiani). anu suliwmidis madls Rebulobs adamiani misteriebSi 

da Tanamoqmedebs am madlTan. es madli sxvas arafers akeTebs, Tu ara 

imas, rom bunebiT logoss, romelic aris yvela adamianSi, “aamoqmedebs” 

da “gaabatonebs” sulSi da mas (suls) warmarTavs daniSnulebisamebr 

RmerTisaken. suli xedavs, “aRiarebs” am kanons Tavis TavSi, anu grZnobs 

madls. amgvarad, suli daagemovnebs saRvTo kanons axla da aq. da es 

dagemovnebaa is, rasac iZleva misteriebi. anu, evqaristia aris gancda da 

codna RmerTis, rogorc sikeTis da es sikeTe aris RmerTisave 

yovlismcodneoba da Tavisufleba. es is codnaa, romelic aRemateba 

arCevans, anu evqaristiaSi adamiani aRwevs namdvil Tavisuflebas. amasve 

mowmobs Talasesadmi 19: 

“kiTxva: ra aris: ‘vinc rjulis gareSe (άνοµως, ara rjulqveS) Sescoda, 

rjulis gareSeve (ara rjuliT) daiRupeba da vinc rjulSi Sescoda, 

rjuliT ganisjeba’ (rom 1,12)? da rogorRa ambobs igi kvlav: ‘rodesac 

Cemi saxarebisamebr gansjis RmerTi adamianebis dafarulT iesos mier’ 

(rom 2,16)? Tu rjuliT ganisjebian, rogorRa qristes mier? 

pasuxi: RmerTis sityva ieso qriste, rogorc yovelives Semoqmedi, 

bunebis mixedviTi rjulis Semqmnelicaa, xolo rogorc winamzrunveli 

(προνοητής, winamoazrovne) da rjulmdebeli, cxadia, aris momcemeli 

werilobiTisac da sulismierisac (anu madlismieris). ‘rjulis boloa 

512 Talasesadmi... 18 PG 90, 305D-308A 

168

qriste’ (rom 10,4), cxadia, werilobiTis moazrebulis sulierad. amrigad, 

Tu qristeSi, rogorc winamzrunvel SemoqmedSi, rjulmdebelsa da 

SemawynarebelSi (ιλασµόν), bunebiTi, dawerili da madlismieri rjuli 

Seikribeba (συνάγεται, Seizideba), maSin dadasturdeba saRvTo mociqulis 

[naTqvami, rom] adamianebis dafarulT elis gansja misi saxarebis 

mixedviT (anu rogorc imaxarobleba [RmerTis] bunebiTad mxolodSobili 

sakuTari (οικείου, Sinauri) sityvis, ieso qristes mier). [es sityva] 

ganmsWvalavs yovelives, zogs amxels, zogs Sesabamisad miiRebs da 

masTan Tanamyofi bunebiTad mxolodSobili gamouTqmeli sityvis mier 

damsaxurebisamebr (κατ᾽ αξίαν, Rirsebisamebr) miagebs bunebis, rjulisa da 

madlis SesabamisobaSi myofT. RmerTis sityvaa Semqmneli yoveli bunebis 

da yovelgvari rjulis, kanonisa da ganCinebis; [aseve igi aris] 

bunebisaganTa, rjulisaganTa, kanonisaganTa da ganCinebisaganTa msajuli, 

radgan mbrZanebeli sityvis gareSe ar arsebobs rjuli. Tu vinme 

rjulSi ganisjeba, qristeSi ganisjeba momavalSi; Tu rjulis gareSe, 

kvlav masSi (qristeSi) ganisjeba momavalSi. sityva, rogorc Semoqmedi, 

aris yoveli qmnilebis, Tqmulis da moazrebulis sawyisi,Sua da 

bolo”. 513 

maSasadame, adamiani Tuki movida Sinagan logosTan harmoniaSi, maSin igi 

harmoniaSia mTel qmnil da uqmnel realobasTan. amrigad, codna 

dauSvebels xdis disharmonias. 514 am evqaristiul harmoniaSi, momentSi, 

sadac SeuZlebelia boroteba, Cveni azriT, ZvelberZnuli logosi hpovebs 

Tavis saboloo konceptualur gamovlinebasa da aqtualizirebas, 

rogorc upirvelesad pirovnuli erTianoba da samerTebis paradigmis 

fonze am erTianobaSi moicveba zogadkacobriuli civilizaciisa 

(romlis asoebSi “dawnexili” saxea wminda werili) da samyaros 

erTianobebic: 

“kiTxva: ra aris: “gana ar xelSeexebian da ipovnian RmerTs?” (saqm 17,27) 

rogor xelSeexeba da ipovnis mavani RmerTs? 

pasuxi: is, vinc xiluli (φαινοµένην) [da] sxeulebrivi msaxurebis rjuls 

ara grZnobiTad xedavs, aramed goniTad zedSemovliT gansWvrets 

TiToeul xilul simboloTagans da TiToeulSi dafarul RvTivsrul 

logoss swavlobs ([xolo] logosSi RmerTs poulobs) da rjulis 

ganwesebebis nivTis (materiis) mtverSi myofs gonieri ZaliT keTilad 

513 PG90, 308BC. sainteresoa Tu rogor “gaaTamaSebs” aq droebs maqsime: Zv. aRTqmiswina 

eoni gadmoaqvs awmyoSi da gansasjeli ki momavalSi. aseTi “TamaSi” saSualebas iZleva 

vifiqroT, rom mounaTlavebi cxovroben TiTqos Zv. aRTqmiswina eonSi da ganisjebian 

Sinagani rjulis mixedviT. cnobilia, rom aseTi midgoma dauSveblad miaCniaT 

marTlmadidebelebis nawils. Sdr. Anastasios Yannopoulatos (Arcbishop), Theological Approach to 

Understanding Other Religions, A Facing the World, ST. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, Chestwood, New York 10707, 

2003, 150-151: For Maximus Confessor the divine Logos of God the father is mystically present in each of His 

commandments and through His “seminal word” in each human being. In this way, he who carries out a 

commandment as “seminal word” receives mystically the Holy Trinity. 

514 Sdr. М. Мамардашвили, Лекции по античной философии... 87-89: “[Е]сть бытие и... мы о нем можем 

рассуждать на языке гармонии. [...О]дним из условий ума... является множественность его существований. 

[...] Явление ума всегда дано множественно на уникальных персонах. [...] Если я совершаю зло по 

отношению к другому, я разрушаю условия, на которых существую сам [...] Вот это разрушение явления 

своих собственных условий, благодаря которым оно только и может существовать, и называется 

нарушением гармонии. [...Ум] не может и не должен разрушать условия собственного существования. [...] 

Ты можешь делать только то, что не вернется к тебе в виде разрушения условий твоего собственного 

существования. Если поступаешь свободно, то не совершишь таких действий, которые нарушат твою 

возможность свободы”. 

169

xelSeaxebs da rjulis xorcSi dafaruls poulobs grZnobebs 

dasxltomad margalit logoss (RmerTsityvas). aseve, [igi] xilulTa 

bunebas ara mxolod grZnobebiT Semowers (περιγραφών, aRwers), aramed 

gonebis sibrZniT TiToeul qmnilebaSi logoss gamoikvlevs. [amgvarad 

is] poulobs RmerTs da arsebulebSi winwamoWrili (προβεβληµένης) 

didebulqmedebebisagan swavlobs qmnilebebis Tavad mizezs. radgan 

xelSexebis Tviseba aris ganmrCevloba, is, vinc rjulismier simboloebs 

mcodneobiTad miudgeba da arsebulebis xilul bunebas mecnierebiTad 

ganWvrets (θεωµένος), [igi] ganarCevs [wminda] werils da qmnilebas da 

sakuTar Tavs (εαυτόν, TviTs). werils [ganarCevs] asod da sulad; 

qmnilebas – logosad da zedapirad (επιφανείαν); xolo TviTs – gonebad 

da grZnobelobad. iRebs werilisgan suls, qmnilebisagan _ logoss, 

xolo TviTisagan _ gonebas da erTmaneTs daurRvevelad (αλύτως, 

dauxsnelad) SeaerTebs. [am gziT igi] poulobs RmerTs, rogorc 

Semcnobeli, (rogorc [es] saWiroa (δει, jer-ars) da SesaZlebelia), im 

RmerTs, [romelic myofobs] gonebaSi, logossa da sulSi. [amgvarad] 

ganaTavisuflebs (απαλλαγείς) yovel Secdomils da uamrav warmodgenaSi 

(δόξας, SexedulebaSi) CaTreulebs _ vambob asoebs da zedapirs da 

grZnobebs _, romlebSic arsebobs raodenobis (ποσότης, simravlis) da 

monadas sxvadasxvanairi winaaRmdegobebi 515 . [is, vinc] rjulis asos da 

xilulTa zedapirs da sakuTar grZnobelobas erTmaneTTan Seaqsovs 

Senarevad, [is] brma aris da beci da sneulia arsebulebis mizezis 

arcodnis seniT”. 516 

maqsimesaTvis mTavaria ara is, rac moxda dacemamdel eonSi, aramed is, 

rac xdeba axali aRTqmis eonSi, radgan aq ganimarteba da saCino xdeba 

yvela danarCeni eonis namdvili sazrisi da, amasTan erTad, daisaxeba 

momavlis usasrulo evqaristiuli perspeqtiva. maqsimesTan ara gvaqvs 

parelTonologia (παρελθόν, warsuli), aramed parondologia (παρόν, awmyo) 

da melondologia (µέλον, momavali). amas mowmobs Talasesadmi 43-e 

pasuxic: 

“kiTxva: Tuki werilis mier sicocxlis xes sibrZne ewodeba (igav 3,18), 

xolo sibrZnis saqme aris garCeva da codna keTilisa da borotis 

Secnobis xis (dab 2,9), riT gansxvavdeba sicocxlis xisagan? 

pasuxi: bevri raimes Tqmis SemZlebelni iyvnen am sakiTxis Sesaxeb 

eklesiis maswavleblebi maTSi myofi madlis mier, magram dadumebiT 

pativis cema am adgilis [Sesaxeb] miiCnies ufro sworad, da radgan 

mravalTa azrovnebas ar SeuZlia miaRwios dawerilTa siRrmes, raime 

Rrma [azris] Tqmas Tavi aarides [maswavleblebma]. da Tu rame Tqva vinme 

[maTganma], pirvelad gaarCies msmenelTa Zala da, amgvarad, mswavlelTa 

sasargeblod gamoTqvamdnen, magram umetess gamotovebdnen 

gamoukvlevelad. mec varCevdi, am adgilisaTvis mdumared gverdi amevlo, 

magram mivxvdi, rom amiT Sens RvTismoyvare suls davamwuxrebdi. amitom, 

Seni gulisaTvis vityvi yvelas unaris Sesaferisad da didisa da 

pataras azrovnebis Sesabamisad. sicocxlis xes da ara aseT xes, 

TavisTavad mxolod sicocxlis xed saxelwodebuls da meores 

515 maqsimesaTvis simravlesa da monadas Soris winaaRmdegoba daZleulia samerTebaSi 

(mag., sxvadasxva siZnele... 39, 105; mistagogia 23 da uamravi sxva). am monakveTis mixedviT 

aSkaraa, rom maqsime adamianis eqsistencialuri erTianobis paradigmad swored 

samerTebas ganixilavs. adamianis sulSi unda daiZlios winaaRmdegobebi simravlesa da 

erTs Soris da is daZabulobis veli, sadac es daZleva xorcieldeba, upirvelesad aris 

evqaristia (ix. mistagogia 5). 

516 Talasesadmi... 32 PG 90, 372BD 

170

[saxelwodebuls] ara sicocxlis [xed], aramed keTilisa da borotis 

Secnobis, bevri da gamouTqmeli aqvT gansxvaveba. sicocxlis xe 

namdvilad sicocxlisac aris Semqmneli, xolo [rogorc] ara sicocxlis, 

cxadia, sikvdilis Semqmnelia. sicocxlis arSemqmneli ar aris 

saxelwodebuli sicocxlis xed. amitom, naTelia, rom sikvdilis aris 

mqneli [es xe] (radgan, sxva araferi upirispirdeba sicocxles, rogorc 

[ram] sawinaaRmdego). sxva mxrivac sicocxlis xes, rogorc sibrZnes, 

mravali aqvs gansxvaveba keTilis da borotis xisgan, romelic ar aris 

sibrZne da arc saxelwodebula [aseTad]. sibrZnis Tvisebaa goneba da 

gansja (λόγος, azrovneba), xolos sibrZnis winaaRmdeg ganwyobilis 

Tvisebaa ganusjeloba (αλογία, uazrovnoba) da grZnobeloba (αισθήσις, 

grZnoba). radgan gonieri sulis da grZnobieri (αισθητικού) sxeulisagan 

Sedgenilad Seiqmna (προς γένεσιν ήλθεν, dabadebisken movida adamiani), erTi 

gagebiT sicocxlis xe SeiZleba miviCnioT (έστω κατέ µίαν επιβολήν, dae, iyos 

erTi zeddadebiT) sulis gonebad, sadac moqmedebs sibrZne (σοφίας υπάρχει 

το χρήµα, sibrZnis arsebobis gamoyeneba), xolo keTilisa da borotis xis 

Secnobis xe [SeiZleba miviCnioT] sxeulis grZnobelobad, sadac cxadad 

arsebobs ganusjelobis moZraoba, romlis gamocdilebiT moqmedebiT 

arSexebis saRvTo mcneba miiRo adamianma da ar daicva [es mcneba]. 

werilis mixedviT, orive xe ganmasxvavebelia ram sagnebis (τινών, 

raimeebis), anu gonebis da grZnobelobis. amgvarad, gonebas aqvs 

goniTsawvdomTa da grZnobadTa, droiTis da maradiulobebis 

gansxvavebis Zala. metic, [is] aris sulis ganmrCevlobis Zala da mas 

[suls] arwmunebs, zog raimeSi SenarCundes da zog raimes ki aRematos. 

xolo grZnobelobas aqvs sxeulis tkivilis da siamovnebis gansxvavebis 

Zala. metic, aris ra Zala sulieri da grZnobieri sxeulebis, 

daarwmunebs, rom erTs mieltvodes da meores ganeltvodes. Tuki 

adamiani iqneba mxolod tkivilis da siamovnebis sxeulis grZnobelobis 

ganmrCeveli, maSin daarRvevs saRvTo mcnebas da SeWams borotisa da 

keTilis garCevis xisas, anu grZnobadismier ganusjelobas da eqneba 

mxolod sxeulTa Semadgenelis ganmrCevloba, romliTac siamovnebas, 

rogorc keTils, ise miecema da tkivils, rogorc borotebas, ise 

ganeSoreba. xolo, Tuki mxolod maradiulTagan droiTebis 

ganmasxvavebeliT xdeba srulad gonierTa ganmrCeveli, maSin daicavs 

saRvTo mcnebas da SeWams sicoclxis xisgans, vambob gonebaSi Tanmyof 

sibrZnes da mas [sibrZnes] mxolos aqvs sulis Semadgeneli ganmrCevloba, 

romliTac maradiul didebas, rogorc sikeTes, ise miecema, da, rogorc 

borotebas, ise ganerideba droiT waxdenilobas. amrigad, mravali aris 

ori xis gansxvaveba: maTSi bunebiTis gansxvavebuloba da TiToeulis 

bunebis Sesabamisi gamoCeniloba, romelic erTnairad (οµωνυµώς, 

omonimurad) gamoiTqmeba keTilisa da borotis saxelwodebis gamijvnis 

gareSe, da, romelsac SeuZlia sulis nasityvobaTa (Λογίοις του Πνεύµατος) 

ara brZnad da mowadinebulad gamomkvlevTa (επεσκέµµενως εντυγχανούσι) 

cduneba. magram Tqven xarT brZenebi madliT da iciT, rom is, rac 

martivad iTqmeba borotad, ar aris yovelTvis boroti, aramed raimes 

mimarT aris boroti da raimes mimarT araboroti; aseve, martivad 

Tqmuli sikeTed, ar aris yovelTvis sikeTe, aramed raimes mimarT aris 

keTili, raimes mimarT _ ara. amitom erTnairi saxelwodebis (οµωνυµίας) 

gamo zianisagan daculebi xarT”. 517 

maqsimes am Tavisebur ganmartebaSi erTgvarad Sejamebulia mocemul 

bibliur pasaJze aRmosavlel wminda mamaTa ganmartebebi. amave dros, igi 

pirvelqmnil codvaze Tavisi Sexedulebis erTguli rCeba: codva 

mdgomareobs siamovnebisaken TavmoyvareobiT gadaxraSi. amasTan erTad, 

517 Talasesadmi... PG 412A-413B 

171

igi samoTxis xeebs ganmartavs alegoriulad 518 da keTilsa da borots 

Soris arCevanis agonia gadmoaqvs axla da aq, am cxovrebaSi (da ara 

maSin da sxvagan). maradiuli dideba da arsebobis harmoniuloba, rogorc 

sikeTeSi sicocxle, aris sibrZne, anu codna. xolo sikeTesa da 

borotebis xis nayofi aris nawilobrivi codna da aseTive Tavisufleba. 

srul TavisuflebaSi mopovebuli msgavseba, anu codna gamoricxavs 

borotebas. amaSi, vfiqrobT, Tanxvdebian maqsime da berZnuli filosofia. 

dabolos, Talasesadmi 44: 

“kiTxva: vis eubneba RmerTi: ‘aha adami iqca rogorc erTi Cvengani’ (dab 

3,22)? Tu [mimarTavs] Zes, maSin rogor Seadarebs adams RmerTs, rodesac 

ar aris misi (RmerTis) arsebisagani? Tu angelozebs [mimarTavs], rogor 

Seadarebs angelozs sakuTar Tavs, rogorc arsebiT Tanaswors, roca 

ambobs: ‘erTi Cvengani’? 

pasuxi: ukve vTqvi [babilonis] godolis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb TavSi, rom 

winazrunvilTa sulis sasmeneli ganwyobilebis (υποκειµένην τη ψυχή των 

προνοουµένων διάθεσιν, RmerTis mier zrunvilTa winmdebare sulieri 

mdgomareobis) Sesabamisad [wminda] werili gaaformebs (διαπλάττεται, 

gamoqnis) RmerTze naTqvamT da Cveni bunebis Sesaferisi saxeebiT saRvTo 

ganzraxulobas gamoniSnavs (αινιττοµένη βούλην, gamosaxavs nebas). amrigad, 

ara martivad warmoadgens RmerTs molaparaked, ‘aha iqca adami rogorc 

erTi Cvengani’, aramed, cxadia, [mcnebis] gadasvlis Semdeg 519 . [xolo am] 

sityvebis mizezic daamata [im fraziT], Tqven rom, gamotoveT CagerToT 

momarTvaSi (κεφαλαιώ, reziumeSi), romelic aris azris naTelmyofeli. 

[anu] Tqva ra [werilis] sityvam: ‘aha iqca adami rogorc erTi Cvengani’ 

daamata ‘keTilisa da borotis Secnobis, da axla rom arasdros 

gaiwodos misi xeli da moiRos sicocxlis xisagan da icocxlos 

ukunisamde’ (dab 3,22). radgan mas rCevasTan erTad mravalRmerTianoba 

aswavla eSmakma, roca uTxra: ‘romel dResac ki SeWamT xisagan, 

agexilebaT Tvalebi da iqnebiT, rogorc RmerTebi, mcodneni keTilis da 

borotis’ (dab 3,5), amitom eSmakis damjere adamianis samxileblad 

msaxioburad (µεθ’ υποκρίσεως) da erTgvari ironiulobiT da gakicxviT 

ambobs RmerTi: ‘iqca rogorc erTi Cvengani’ [da amas] mravlobiTSi 

gamoTqvams gvelis mieri cdunebiT adamSi Cadebuli RvTaebis Sesaxeb 

[mcdari] azris [Sesabamisad]. nuravis moeCveneba, rom werilis 

Cveulebisagan gansxvavebulia ironiuli metyveleba (stili). rodesac 

[mavani] ismens werilis RmerTis piriT laparaks israelis mimarT: ‘Tu 

wamoxvalT Cemken cruni (gularZnilni, drkuni), mec wamoval Tqvenken 

cru’ (lev 26,27), [dae] ixilos, rom [am SemTxvevaSi] arafriT gansxvavdeba 

ironiisagan sicrue, da mixvdes, Tu rogor moumzada aqabs satyuara da 

warudgina mas tyuili, rogorc simarTle, da romelTa mierac Sescoda, 

[maT mierve] (igulisxmebian cruwinaswarmetyvelni –k.k) SeamTxvia 

samarTlianad sasjeli. Tuki adamis ara [amgvarad] Sesacdenad [anu 

ironiulad –k.k] Semohyavs werils RmerTi mTqmelad: ‘iqca rogorc erTi 

Cvengani’, rogorRa Semoitana [fraza] ‘keTilis da borotis Secnobis’, 

rogorc Sedgenili da winaaRmdegobebisagan Senawevrebuli codnis mqone 

[RmerTis warmomadginebeli]? RmerTze aseTi ramis gafiqrebac ki 

SeuZlebelia, araTu Tqmis gabedva, radgan mas aqvs martivi arseba, Zala 

518 maqsimes egzegetikuri meTodisaTvis ix. Ιω. Γαλάνης, Η Αγία Γραφή στο έργο του Μαξίµου του 

Οµολογητού, Πρακτικά ΚΑ΄Θεολογικού Συνεδρίου, Ιερά Μητρόπολις Θεσσαλονίκης, Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 79-92; К. 

Каман, Герменевтические предпосылки в труде «Ответы Фаласию» св. Максима исповедникаю Вклад в 

православную библейскую гермеревтику, XV Ежегодная Богословская Конференция Православного Свято- 

Тихоновского гуманитарного университета, Москва 2005, 23-29 

519 RmerTma es sityvebi Tqva codviTdacemis Semdeg. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gamovidoda, 

rom adami bunebiT RmerTi iyo. 

172

da codna (γνώσιν) da mxolod keTilis codna (καλού γνώσιν). ufro metic, 

aris TviTarseba da Zala da codna. arc romelime moazrovne 

arsebaTagans, romelic aris RmerTisagan da RmerTis Semdeg, aqvs 

[RmerTis] msgavsad da igivenairad gonebis martiv moZraobaSi codna, 

rogorc winaaRmdegobebisagan Sedgenilad arsebuli. radgan, erTmaneTs 

SepirispirebulTagan erT-erTis codnis Tvisebaa meoris codnis qceva 

ucodinrobad. Seurevnelia winaaRmdegobebTan codna da yovlad ara 

Tanamyofi (ασυνύπαρκτος), radgan romelime orTaganis codna meore 

winaaRmdgomTaganis iwvevs ucodinrobas, rogorc verc Tvali aRiqvams 

zemoTas da qvemoTas erTad, da orives saTiTaod Tu TiToeulis 

Sesabamisad ar mibrunda da sxvebisagan yovlad ar ganeSora. [amrigad,] an 

werili aCvenebs adamis aseT vnebulobas RmerTs mikuTvnebulad an adams 

gvelis rCevisaTvis amxels, romelmac (gvelma) cdunebismieri 

warwymedilobebis SegrZnebad (συναίσθησιν) miiyvana da mivida igi (adamiani) 

mravalRmerTianobamde. Tu es aris swori [ganmarteba], maSin sakmarisia 

[Sen mier wamoWrili] problemebisaTvis. Tuki TviTon SemdegSi umetess 

ipovni, gadmomeci mec SenTvis RmerTisagan mocemuli arsebulebis 

Sesaxeb madlisagani. rac Seexeba ‘axla rom arasdros gaiwodos misi 

xeli da moiRos sicocxlis xisagan da icocxlos ukunisamde’, rogorc 

mgonia, winaazrovnebiTad saqmiT xdeba SeurevnelTa [keTilis da 

borotis] gayofa, raTa cudi ar gaxdes ukvdavi SenarCunebeli sikeTesTan 

wilmqoneobiT. adamianis Semqmnels nebavs TavisTavad adamiani ar 

Seerios SeZenil winaaRmdegobebis codnas [adamianis bunebiT Tvisebad 

ar gadaiqces winaaRmdegobebisagan Sedgenili codna, romelic codviT 

SeiZina]”. 520 

vfiqrobT, es monakveTi SesaniSnavad asaxavs maqsimes Sexedulebas 

Tavisuflebis cnebaze. am nawyvetis safuZvelze gvinda gamovyoT 

ramdenime momenti: 

1. RmerTis codna, iseve rogorc misi arseba, aris martivi da masSi 

aranairad ar arsebobs diskretuli da dianouri (mi-d-mo-gonebiTi) 

azrovneba. aseTi azrovnebis amplitudis pikuri niSnulebia keTili 

(mo) da boroti (mi) (an piriqiT). am “misa” da “mos” Soris moqceulia 

adamianis sicocxle; 

2. aqedan gamomdinare, “misa” da “mos” Soris arsebuli winaaRmdegoba 

sruliad gaarafrebulia RmerTSi, radgan igi (RmerTi) Tavisuflebis 

iseTi xarisxia, sadac arCevani absoluturad warxocilia. 

winaaRmdegoba arsebobs mxolod “midsa” da “mos” sferoSi, romelic 

aris mravalRmerTianobis sfero. arCevanze SeCereba gulisxmobs 

mravalRmerTianobaSi dayovnebas. anu, maqsimes azriT, Tavisufleba, 

romelic arCevans gulisxmobs Tavis TavSi, rogorc maradiulad 

aucilebel aspeqts da ara mxolod sawyis punqts, ar aris 

qristianuli, aramed paganisturi; 

520 Talasesadmi... PG 413C-417A 

173

3. wminda werili morgebulia adamianis sulier momzadebulobas da ar 

SeiZleba warmodgenili iqnas, rogorc TviTkmari, aramed unda 

ganixilebodes evqaristiul konteqstSi ise, rogorc es zemoT vnaxeT; 

4. saRvTo ironia “warmoiSva adamianis mimarT udidesi TanagrZnobis 

gamo”, rogorc amas germanel-ebraeli filosofosi martin buberi 

(1878-1965) ambobs. 521 es ironia (ara dacinva, aramed mxileba) gamoixateba 

imaSi, rom rogorc berZnul komediaSi (berZnul dramaze ix. qvemoT, 

me-5 TavSi) msaxiobi amZafrebs prototipis naklulovanebas (Sdr. 

“msaxioburad da erTgvari ironiulobiT”) da amiT saCino xdeba 

mdgomareobis ara komikuroba, aramed, upirvelesad, tragikuloba, 

sneuloba. dabadebis narativi maqsimesaTvis dramis siuJetia, xolo 

berZnuli dramis siuJeti ki miTia (amaze qvemoT, me-5 TavSi). anu 

maqsimesaTvis dabadeba aris erTgvari miTiuri narativi, romelic 

gaTamaSdeba yoveldRiurobaSi. vfiqrobT, “gaTamaSebas” warmoadgens 

aseve evqaristiuli rituali – igia keTilisa da borotebis, anu 

codnisa da Tavisuflebis drama. 

521 М. Бубер, Образы добра и зла, Два образа веры, Москва 1999, 169. martin buberi wers, rom 

ebraulad Secnoba gulisxmobs subieqtisa da obieqtis uSualo kontaqtSi yofnas (168). 

winaaRmdegobebis, dapirispirebulobis codnas moicavs RmerTi, magram es mas ar 

borkavs, radgan igi mas usasrulod aRemateba (167). RmerTma Seqmna samyaro da icis, rom 

masSi aris polusebis (romelic gamoixateba sikeTe-borotebiT) dapirispirebuloba. man 

am codnis nawili misca adamians, rogorc Sesaqmis Tanamoqmeds. adamians rom ar 

Seewyvita Tana-Se-moqmedeba, anu, ar gaCerebuliyo arCevanis Tavisuflebis sferoSi, 

aramed aRmatebuliyo masze RmerTze mindobiT (превосходяще-доверительное оперирование 

противоположностями), maSin igi ar daeqvemdebareboda winaaRmdegobebs, rac aris 

mokvdavoba (164-165, 168). adamiani daeqvemdebara mokvdavobas, rodesac Tavisi warmosaxvis 

unari gamoiyena zedmetad, ese igi mieca gauformebel fantazirebas – marTalia, 

warmosaxvis unari igivea, rac Semoqmedebis unari, magram adamianma warmoidgina, anu 

Seqmna raRac sxva samyaro (sadac RmerTi iyo ufro mkacri, vidre sinamdvileSi _ 

eSmakTan saubrisas eva azviadebs akrZalvis mcnebas) (165) da SeCerda im samyaroze, anu 

Sewyvita Tana-Se-moqmedeba. swored am SeCerebisas sikeTe da boroteba SeiWreba mis 

cnobierebaSi (maqsimeseulad rom vTqvaT, igi “SeigrZnobs” –k.k) maT. igi amieridan am 

wyvils ver moicavs erTad, aramed imyofeba an erT an meore mdgomareobaSi (anu 

azrovnebs maT diskretulad, midmogonebiTad –k.k) da, metic, igi sikeTis aRqmas iwyebs 

mxolod maSin, rodesac imyofeba borotebaSi (rogorc janmrTeloba mxolod maSin 

xdeba “SesagrZnobi”, rodesac organizms stkiva. swored amgvari adgili aqvs tkivils 

adamianSi da igi xdeba ganuyofeli nawili Semoqmedebis _k.k). da es procesi, rac xdeba 

adamianSi, vrceldeba mTel qveynierebaSic (168). rogorc vxedavT, bevri paraleli 

iZebneba maqsimesa (noselisac) da martin buberis SexedulebebSi sikeTe-borotebis 

Sesaxeb. 

174

3.3. siyvaruli da evqaristia 

3.3.1. siyvarulis evqaristiuli ontologia 

eklesiis asketuri tradiciis mixedviT, pirovnebis Tavisufleba aris 

RmerTis nebisadmi adamianis nebis damorCileba. aseTi Tavisufleba 

konkretulad vlindeba imaSi, rom aerTianebs sulis Zalebs: “gansjas 

gonebasTan, sibrZnes _ gonierebasTan, saqmes (praqtikas) _ xedvasTan 

(TeoriasTan), siqveles _σcodnasTan da rwmenas – dauviwyebel 

codnasTan”. 522 es aris arsebobis axali saxe, rodesac adamiani 

“sxvisadmi” TviTSewirviT gaTavisufldeba bunebrivi/fizikuri 

iZulebisagan. anu, bunebrivi SezRudulobisagan adamiani 

transcendirebs/eqstazirebs siyvaruliT. amdenad, Tavisufleba aris 

siyvarulSi da, metic, Tavad siyvarulia. 523 

magram Tavisufleba aseve 

aris RmerTis saCuqari _ RmerTsityvis madli. es saCuqari ki, rogorc 

vTqviT, adamians miecema maSin, rodesac igi siyvarulis konkretuli 

saqmeebiT baZavs da Segnebulad mimarTulia RmerTsityvis eqstazuri da 

kenotikuri, anu TviTwarmocarielebiTi arsebobis saxisaken, radgan 

RmerTsityvas “SeuZlia yvelas daexmaros, rodesac inebebs da umetesad 

ki maT, vinc misi gulisaTvis moRvaweobs”. 524 amasTan erTad, es madli 

aris suliwmidis moqmedeba adamianSi. marTalia, “suliwmida ar aris 

ganSorebuli arc erTi arsisagan [...] winagangebiTi ZaliT yovelives 

gamWoli da TiToeulSi bunebiTad arsebuli unaris (λόγος) 

amamoZravebeli”, 525 igi mxolod qristes msgavsad Segnebulad, 

“gonivrulad” moRvaweebSi aris STamkvidrebuli, anu myofobs maTSi ara 

mxolod rogorc Svilmyofeli, aramed ganmaRmrTobeli: 

“igi [suliwmida] aris yvela qristianSi [...] rogorc Svilmyofeli 

(υιοθεσίας). amasTan, igi rogorc sibrZnis dambadebeli [...] arc erTSi ar 

aris martivad, imaT garda, romlebic gonierni arian da romlebic 

saRvTo moRvaweobis gziT TavianT Tavs misi ganmaRmrTobeli 

STamkvidrebis Rirsad gamoaCenen, rameTu yvela is, vinc ar aris saRvTo 

nebaTa mqmneli, Tundac rom morwmune iyos, ugunuri gulis mqonea, 

rogorc ukeTur azrTa [λογισµών, logismoTa] samWedlosi, misi sxeuli ki 

522 mistagogia 5, PG 91, 667 CD 

523 Sdr. Χρ. Γιανναράς, Το πρόσωπο και ο Έρως... 35. da Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 229-233. 

524 siyvarulis T... 2,39 PG 90, 997AB. Sdr. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 237. 

525 Talasesadmi... 15 PG 90, 297 (es pasaJi mogvyavs e. WeliZis Targmanis mixedviT. ix. e. 

WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli, “suliwmidis samgvari gamovlinebis Sesaxeb 

kacobriobaSi”, samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo Sromebi II, Tbilisis sasuliero akademia, 

Tbilisi 2004, 77-79) 

175

codvas aris daqvemdebarebuli, rogorc mTlianad moculi vnebaTa 

sibilweebiT”. 526 

“gonieri guli”, rogorc Semecnebis organo, moRvaweobiTad aris niadag 

mogebadi. anu, “gonieri guli” ar aris erTxel da samudamod SeZenili, 

aramed misi SeZena gangrZobili asketur-SemecnebiTi procesia. amave 

dros, igi ar aris “bunebiTi” SenaZeni, aramed aris saRvTo saCuqari 

maTTvis, vinc marad iswrafvis siyvarulis saqmeebis 

gansaxorcieleblad. 527 anu, sabolood igi yovelTvis damokidebulia 

RmerTis keTil nebaze da verasodes gaxdeba avtonomiuri procesis 

utyuari Sedegi. Tavad es procesi, erTi mxriv, aris madlis gamovlineba, 

amoqmedeba moRvaweSi da, meore mxriv, am procesis dadebiTi Sedegi aris 

aseve suliwmidis saCuqari, romelic avtomaturad ar gamomdinareobs 

moRvaweobis procesisagan. amrigad, saRvTo madliT aRZruli adamiani 

bunebiTi logosis mixedviT iRvwis da Seicnobs WeSmaritebas arsebulTa 

logosebis wiaR da pirispir Sexvdeba RmerTs, visac es logosebi, 

rogorc simboluri ram sazrisebi, gamoavlenen: 

“yvela, vinc rjulis cxad sxeulebriv msaxurebas ara grZnobadad 

xedavs, aramed goniTsawvdom TiToeuls xilul simboloTagans 

ganWvrets da [amasTan erTad] swavlobs TiToeulSi Camalul RvTivsrul 

logoss, is logosSi poulobs RmerTs”. 528 

xiluli sagani Tu moqmedeba aris simbolo. xolo am simbolos sazrisi 

aris RmerTisagan am saganSi imTaviTve CaTesili logosi 529 . qristesamebr 

filosofosoba, 530 anu azrovneba, ganuyofelia praqtikuli 

moRvaweobisagan. metic, maqsimes mixedviT, upirvelesad praqtikuli, 

siyvarulis asketuri varjiSi aris namdvili filosofosoba. 531 magram 

mainc, es filosofosoba ar aris ucxo inteleqtualuri “wurTnisa”, 

radgan arsebulTa logosebi swored goniTsawvdomi, ese igi 

inteleqtualuri sferoa. swored siqvele, rogorc asketuri varjiSis 

526 Talasesadmi... 15 PG 90, 300. aseve sxvadasxva Teologiuri da polemikuri... 1,72-73 PG 90, 

1208C-1209A. 

527 Sdr. G. Florofsky, ∆ηµιουργία κα απολύτρωση (berZnulad Targm. Παν. Πάλλης), Θεσσαλονίκη 1983, 

191. 

528 Talasesadmi... 32 PG 90, 372 B 

529 is, rom logosi aris “bunebiseuli Tesli” ix. Talasesadmi... 15 (e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime 

aRmsarebeli, “suliwmidis samgvari gamovlinebis Sesaxeb kacobriobaSi”... 78, 79 ) 

530 Sdr. siyvarulis T... 4,30 PG 90, 1053D: “...aris gza qristesamebr filosofiisa da vinc 

ar dgas am gzaze, ver Tanadaemkvidreba masTan erT ezoSi (συναυλίζεται αυτώ)”. 

531 

Sdr. J. K. Kotsonis, Christian Mysticism During the Early and Middle Byzantine Periods 

Part I: St Macarios and St. Maximus Confessor, Theandros V. 5/2, Winter 2007/2008, 

http://www.theandros.com/byzmysticism1.html 

176

monapovari da Semecneba arian urTierTSemavsebelni 532 da erTiani 

adamianuri hipostasis energiuli, anu moqmedebiTi gamovlinebani: 

“warmatebuli siqveleebSi da codniT gamdidrebuli, vinc sagnebis 

namdvil bunebas xedavs, yvelafers saRi azrovnebiT qmedebs da 

metyvelebs da ar Seicvleba (ganidrikeba) mTlianobisagan”. 533 

maSasadame, siqvelis miRweva aris sagnebSi Camaluli RmerTsityvis 

miReba 534 da monawileoba suliwmidis energiebSi 535 , romlebic 

(RmerTistyva da suliwmida) gamovlindebian logosebSi, rodesac 

adamianis arseboba mTlianad da sworad aris mimarTuli maTken 

(logosebisaken). am SemTxvevaSi suliwmida “daxatavs” adamianis namdvil 

saxes, mis hipostass, anu adamianSi “Caixateba” WeSmariti pirovnuloba. 536 

es “daxatuli saxe” 537 aris sicocxlis axali gvari, rogorc 

arseboba RmerTsityvasTan ziarebasa da urTierTobaSi. RmerTistyvis 

sulismieri energiiT ki yoveli arsebuli erTiandeba “Sesaferisi 

sulismieri logosebiT”, anu arsebulTa calkeuli da kerZo logosebi 

suliwmidis energiaSi uerTdebian zogad logosebs, romlebic kerZo 

logosebs Semoicaven erTsaxovnad. 538 arsebulTa es erToba aris 

evqaristiuli erToba. 

maqsime mistagogiis me-2 TavSi saubrobs imis Sesaxeb, rom eklesia 

aris xiluli da uxilavi samyaros xati. sakurTxeveli da taZris 

danarCeni nawili Sesabamisad gamoxataven uxilav da xilul samyaroebs. 

532 Sdr. sxvadasxva siZnele... 12 PG 91, 1108C-1109A 


534 Talasesadmi... 22 PG 90, 321B: “maTi [siqveleebis da logosebis] gziT RmerTs marad 

surs RirseulebSi adamiani gaxdes”. 

535 sxvadasxva Teologiuri... 4, 16 PG 90,1311Β. “suliwminda CvenSi eZebs arsebulTa codnas 

da gamokvlevas. magram ara TavisTvis eZebs Ziebuls _ radgan RmerTia da yovelive 

codnis gareTaa-, aramed CvenTvis, romlebic vsaWiroebT. iseve rogorc, ra Tqma unda, 

ara TavisTvis gaxda xorci RmerTsityva, aramed CvenTvis sxeulis mier aRasrula 

saidumlo”. 

536 Sdr. sxvadasxva Teologiuri... 5, 19 PG 90, 1356BC: “goneba siqveleTa mier ukiduresad 

ganwmendili, iZens siqveleebis logosebis saTanado Seswavlas, romelTa mier 

RmerTsaxovanad daxatuli codna sakuTari saxe gaxada. amrigad, goneba TviTon gaxda 

srulad usaxuri da dauxatveli, SeZenadi aqvs ra saxe, [romelic aris] an siqveleebiT 

Sedgenili sulismieri codnis [saxe] an vnebebis mier SemTxveuli ucodinrobis [saxe]”. 

537 Cven xSirad viyenebT termin “daxatva/Caxatvas”. Tu ratom vakeTebT amas, cxadi gaxdeba 

qvemoT, am naSromis mexuTe TavSi, rodesac liturgiisa da berZnuli dramis mimarTebaze 

visaubrebT. 

538 sxvadasxva Teologiuri da polemikuri... 2,64 PG 91,1245C: “kerZoTa logosebi zogadebs 

uerTdebian (zogadebTan gadadian) da [am gziT] ganyofilTa SeerTebas qmnian. radgan 

uzogadesni gankerZoebulebis logosebs erTsaxovnad moicaven, romelTadmi bunebrivi 

mimarTeba aqvs kerZos. amgvarad, gonebis grZnobisadmi, zecierisas miwisadmi, 

grZnobismieris gonebismierisadmi, bunebisas logosisadmi _ aris ram amaTTaganTa 

Sesaferisi sulismieri logosi _, romelic erTmaneTis mimarT iZleva SeerTebas”. 

177

liturgiis msaxurebisas taZris es ori nawili erTiandeba erT mTlian 

erTobad. aseve xiluli da uxilavi samyaroebi ganiWvriteba, rogorc 

evqaritiulad erTiani samyaro: 

“erTia samyaro da ar ganiyofa Tavis nawilebTan erTad. piriqiT, am 

nawilebis bunebiTi Tvisebebismier gansxvavebulobas Tavis TavSi 

[arsebuli] erTianobisa da ganuyoflobisaken aiyvans da garsSemowers. 

[amasTan erTad] aCens [am nawilebs] igiveobrivs sakuTar TavTan (anu, 

TiToeuli nawili igiveobrivia sakuTari Tavis da ara samyaros an meore 

nawilis _k.k) da erTmaneTTan Seurwymelad monacvleobiT myofT da 

calkeulis calkeulSi mTlianad mTlianSi Semavalad; da orive mas 

[samyaros] mTlians Seavseben (συµπληρούντας, Seasruleben), rogorc 

nawilebi erTs; xolo mis [samyaros] mier, rogorc mTliani, ise 

Seivsebian nawilebi erTsaxovnad da mTlianad. mTeli goniTsawvdomi 

samyaro xedvis SemZlebelTaTvis mTel grZnobad [samyaroSi] mistiurad 

simboloebis saxiT gamosaxuli Cans. xolo mTeli grZnobadi mTel 

gonissawvdomSi gonebiT Sesacnobad gamartivebuli arsebobs logosebSi. 

es [grZnobadi] masSi logosebiT aris, is [goniTsawvdomi ki] amaSi _ 

saxeebiT (τύποις). [...] gonissawvdomTa xilulTa wiaR simboluri xedva 

aris uxilavis wiaR xilulTa sulieri codna da Semecneba”. 539 

RmerTsityvaSi samyaros erTianoba Seimecneba, rogorc erTiani 

evqaristiuli sinamdvile. mTeli xiluli samyaro “daxunZlulia” 

uxilavTa simboloebiT. am simboloebis liturgiaSi amoqmedebisas 

adamiani Sedis zeciurTan erTobaSi da Wvrets xilulTa goniTsawvdom 

logosebs. am logosebSi igi Seimecnebs xilul samyaros, romelic 

uxilavis simboloa, anu ukve xilulis uxilaviT SecnobiT axleburad 

Seimecnebs uxilavsac. esaa SemecnebiTi wrebrunva, rodesac xiluliT 

Seimecneba uxilavi, uxilaviT – xiluli da kvlav, “axladSecnobili” 

xiluliT “axladSeimecneba” uxilavi. 540 esaa maradiuli evqaristiulesqatologiuri 

“wrfivi wrebrunva” RmerTis garSemo. 

da kvlav, es arsebulTa erToba aris maTi namdvili buneba, 

arsebobis avTenturi saxe. ar arseboben arsebulebi am 

urTierTziareba/urTierTobis, “sazogadoebriobis” gareSe, radgan 

539 mistagogia... 2 PG 91, 669BD. Sdr. siyvarulis T... 3,33 PG 90, 1028B: “wminda Zalebi 

[angelozebi] erTmaneTs gadascemen sinaTles, xolo kacobriv bunebas an sakuTar 

siqveles an maTSi [arsebul] codnas: siqveles, anu RmerTmbaZvel keTilobas, romliTac 

TviTonac da erTmaneTsac da qvemomyofTac keTilmoqmedeben RmerTsaxovnad gaxdomas, 

xolo codnas RmerTis Sesaxeb ram umaRless – naTqvamia, Sen ‘xar uzenaesi saukuneebSi’ 

(fs. 91.9)- sxeulovanTa Sesaxeb ufro Rrmas, usxeuloTa Sesaxeb ufro zusts, 

gangebulebis Sesaxeb ufro naTels, gansjis Sesaxeb ufro cxads”. 

540 Sdr. А. Ивин, Стиль коллективистического мышления, Философия истории, "Гардарики", М.: 2000, 

348-357. 

178

“sicocxle da urTierToba igiveobrivia”. 541 amitom siyvarulis gareSe 

“cxovnebis sxva gza ar darCenila adamianebisaTvis”. 542 

amrigad, maqsimesaTvis siyvaruli aris ontologiuri kategoria. 

Tavad metafizikuri realoba aris siyvaruli. es realoba ki vlindeba, 

rogorc samyaros Semkvreli Zala: 

“mwams ise, rogorc momeca da maswavles, rom RmerTi siyvarulia da rom 

rogorc is aris erTi da arasodes ar wyvets [im mdgomaeobas, rom] iyos 

erTi, aseve maT, vinc misi siyvaruliT cxovroben, erTs xdis da erTs 

sulsa da guls mihmadlebs maT, Tumca ki mravalni arian”. 543 

am siyvarulis pirovnuli, nebayoflobiTi eTosi gansxvavebulia 

sistemuri eTikisagan, romelic qcevis calkeuli da avtonomiuri 

saxeebisa da kanonebis klasifikacias axdens imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria 

epoqa an individualuri fsiqologiuri ganwyoba. 544 maqsimeseuli eTosi, 

anu cxovrebis yaida, ar aris mimarTuli imisaken, rom aRmoaCinos da 

gaaformos iseTi “keTili saqmeebis” nusxa, romlis mixedviTac adamiani 

saTno-eyofa (Tavs moawonebs) an “moisyidis” RmerTs. 545 maqsimesTan eTika 

aris ontologiuri movlena, romelsac saqme aqvs adamianebis bunebiTi 

logosebis mixedviT “kaTarzisTan”, erTmaneTisadmi “TviTmiZRvnasa” da 

“urTierTziarebasTan”. 546 eTikis Sinaarsia “bunebis sawinaaRmdego 

vnebebisagan gaTavisufleba da bunebiTi logosebis [saqcieliT] pyroba 

541 J. Zizioulas, Being as Communion... 115. 


543 epistoleebi... 25, konona xucesisa da iRumenisadmi, PG 91, 613 A 

544 sxvadasxva Teologiuri da polemikuri...... 1,74 PG 90, 1209B: “RmerTs swadia yoveli 

adamianis cxovneba da Sia maTi ganRmrToba da ise, rogorc leRvis xes, wyevliT 

gaaxmobs maT TviTdajerebulobas, radgan mas miaCnia, rom marTlebi unda irCevdnen 

iseT arsebobas, rom ganiZarcvon TvalTmaqcuri saqcielis (της ηθικής, eTikis, eTosis) 

maCvenebluri kvarTi da gadavidnen siqvelis gauyalbebel cxovrebaze _ romelic surs 

saRvTo sityvas _, gaataron keTilkrZalulebiTi sicocxle da aCvenon ufro metad 

RmerTisadmi [Tavisi] sulis ganwyobileba, vidre adamianebisadmi saqcielis (περί τα ήθη, 

eTosis garSemoT) garegnuli forma”. Sdr. Talasesadmi... 20 PG 90, 309B 

545 

berZeni Teologi, ioane romanidisi (1927-2001), Tvlida, rom eTikisadmi aseTi 

damokidebuleba gaCnda dasavleT saqristianoSi: “dasavleTma Sewyvita satanis 

winaaRmdeg brZola da mieca imas, rom saqmeebiT da moqmedebebiT moelmobierebinaT 

RmerTi. [...] imis magivrad, rom win wamoewiaT locva, marxva da keTili saqmeebis keTeba, 

imis magivrad, rom adamianebi sulierad evarjiSebinaT da daemarcxebinaT eSmaki, 

yvelaferi xdeboda RmerTis mosalmobiereblad da damsaxurebebis mosapoveblad” (Ι. 

Ρωµανίδης, Το προπαριρικόν αµάρτηµα, Αθήνα 1957, gv 174-175). Cven, ra Tqma unda, ar veTanxmebiT 

aseT radikalizms. 

546 zemoT, dionise areopagelis ierarqiebze saubrisas, ganvixileT cneba “kaTarzisis” 

misterialuri aspeqti. Cven kvlav davubrundebiT am cnebas, rodesac me-5 TavSi 

visaubrebT liturgiis, kerZod, maqsimes mistagogiis berZnul dramasTan mimarTebis 

Sesaxeb. 

179

da zebunebiTi sikeTeebis mopoveba”. 547 saqmeebi, romlebic mihyvebian 

siyvarulis am eToss, aris siqveleebi. isini ar fasdebian raodenobrivad 

da arc kodirdebian sikeTeebisa da borotebebis urTierTdapirispirebis 

sxvadasxva nusxaSi. isini ar warmoadgenen TviTmizans, romelsac 

avtomaturad moaqvs raRac WeSmariti mdgomareoba, aramed maTi mizania 

RmerTTan, rogorc WeSmaritebasTan, “pirispir” Sexvedra. 548 es Sexvedra 

miiwvdomeba da “xorcieldeba” RmerTsityvis “xorcSi” (σάρξ), mis 

energiebsa da namdvil sicocxleSi, anu suliwmidaSi “Seucnoblad” da 

“zecodniseulad” monawileobiT: 549 “siqveleebi arsebulTa codnisaTvis, 

codna ki SemcnobelisaTvis, xolo Semcnobeli Seucnoblad Secnobadi 

da zecodniseulad mcnobelisaTvis (mcodnisaTvis)”. 550 

3.3.2. siyvarulis evqaristiuli esqatologia 

maqsime codnas da siyvaruls aigivebs WeSmaritebasTan, radgan es 

ukanaskneli siyvarulsa da codnasTan erTianobaSi vlindeba. 551 

siyvaruli aris WeSmaritebis Secnobis gza, xolo WeSmariteba _ “samebis 

siyvarulis mSveniereba” da “wmindaTa wminda”: 

“[siyvaruli] aris WeSmaritebis gza (in. 14,6), romliTac Tavis Tavs 

saxeluwoda RmerTis sityvam, [da] masze mavalT yoveli vnebulobisagan 

ganwmendils warudgens RmerTsa da mamas. is aris kari (in 10,9), romliTac 

Semavali ‘wmindaSi’ xdeba ‘wmindaTa’ da wminda da sameufeo samebis 

miuaxlebeli mSvenierebis xedvis Rirsi gaxdeba (θεατής γενέσθαι καθίσταται άξιος, 

mxedvelad gardaqcevis Rirsi xdeba)”. 552 

547 Talasesadmi... 65 PG 90, 769 BC 

548 sxvadasxva Teologiuri da polemikuri... 2,1 PG 91, 1221B: “WeSmaritebisaTvis aris 

siqvele, magram ara siqvelisaTvis WeSmariteba”. aseve ix. Talasesadmi... 30 PG 90, 369A: 

“barZimi naTlobze win daayena [qristem], radgan WeSmaritebisaTvis aris siqvele” Sdr. 

(mark 10, 38). 

549 Sdr. А.А. Гусейнов, Аскетическая традиция восточной церкви, История этических учений, М.: 

Гардарики, 2003, 492-508. 

550 siyvarulis T... 3,45 PG 90, 1029BC. am muxlis variantuli Tavisufali Targmani iqneboda: 

“saTnoebebi adamians exmarebian qmnilebebis SecnobaSi. aseTi Secnoba ki aris imisTvis, 

vinc Seimecnebs. xolo is, vinc Seimecnebs, Tavis mxriv, aris RmerTisaTvis, romelic 

aris bunebiT Seucnobeli, magram Secnobili Tavis energiebSi da romelmac icis 

yovelive da Tu rogor icis man es, miuwvdomelia adamianisa da yoveli gonieri 

qmnilebisaTvis”. Sdr. iqve 3,99 PG 90, 1048A. 

551 sxvadasxva Teologiuri da polemikuri... 2.2 PG 90, 1221 CD: “WeSmariteba aris, ambobs, 

saRvTo codna”. 

552 ioane kubikularionisadmi. siyvarulis Sesaxeb, werili 2, PG 91 404 A. aseve sxvadasxva 

Teologiuri Tavi 1, 37-38 PG 90, 1193 A 

180

WeSmariteba maqsimesTan, iseve rogorc wminda werilSi, aris Tavad 

qriste. 553 igi Tavis TavSi moicavs yoveli sagnisa da movlenis “saboloo 

mizans” (τέλος), 554 radgan igi aris Tavad siyvaruli da WeSmaritebis arsi, 

romelic arsebulebs miizidavs Tavisken: 

“[sityva] dedakacebiT aCvena siqveleebis saboloo [safexuri] (τέλος, 

mizanbolo) siyvaruli, romelic aris bunebiT keTilisadmi 

moswrafebiT mziarebelTa ubiwo netareba da ganuyofeli SeerTeba. 

[sityva] WeSmaritebiT aRniSna yovelgvari Semecnebis da Tavad yoveli 

Semmecnebelis sazRvari (πέρας, dasasruli), romliskenac, rogorc 

yoveli arsebulis sawyisisaken da dasasrulisaken (πέρας, sazRvari), 

bunebiTi moZraobis sazogado ram mizeziT (logosiT) 

Tanamiizidebian”. 555 

rogorc zemoT mravalgzis aRvniSneT, qristesaken moZraoba da qristeSi 

siyvarulismieri saboloo davaneba gulisxmobs, erTi mxriv, adamianis 

sulis Zalebis Tavmoyrasa da gaerTianebas da, meore mxriv, adamianebis 

erTmaneTTan erTobas. es aris eqstazuri yovlismomcveli siyvaruli. 

magram aseTi eqstazuri erTianoba aris samsafexuriani SemecnebiTi 

procesis gvirgvini. pirveli safexuri ukavSirdeba praqtikul 

moRvaweobas, meore – bunebiT xedvas, mesame – mistikur 

RvTismetyvelebas: 556 

“SabaTi aris gonieri sulis uvneboba, romelmac praqtikiT (κατά την 

πρακτικήν, moRvaweobiTad) sruliad moiSora codvis niSnebi (στίγµατα, 

amonatvifrebi). SabaTebi aris gonieri sulis Tavisufleba, romelic 

sulismieri bunebiTi xedvis gziT grZnobebis mimarT bunebiT moqmedebas 

miatovebs. SabaTTa SabaTi 557 aris simSvide gonieri sulisa, romelic 

yoveli arsebobaSi myofis usaRvToesi logosebisagan gonebas moikrebs da 

mxolod RmerTs trfialebiTi eqstaziT mTlianad Seakravs [gonebas] da 

553 zemoT, me-2 TavSi, ganvixileT martin haidegeris filosofiaSi yofnisa da 

WeSmaritebis urTierTmimarTeba da warmovadgineT varaudi, Tu rogor SeiZleba es 

mimarTeba gaazrebuliqnas dionise areopagelis (da aramarto mis) TeologiaSi. berZeni 

Teologi ioane ziziulasi gamoyofs sam mizezs, Tu ratom aris saeWvo haidegeris 

terminologiis misadageba aRmosavluri patristikuli azrovnebisaTvis: 1. yofnasa da 

dros Soris uwyveti kavSiri, rac mocemulia haidegerTan, ar asaxavs RvTaebriv 

maradiul yofas; 2. haidegeri sikvdils aniWebs ontologiur statuss, romelic moc. 

pavles mixedviT aris ganqarvebadi: “ukanaskneli mteri, romelic ganqardeba, sikvdilia” 

(1kor 15,28); 3. RvTiuri yofnisaTvis haidegeriseuli WeSmaritebis (α-λήθεια) gageba, 

rogorc daviwyebidan (λήθη) amoyvinTva, ubralod Seusabamoa (ix. J. Zizioulas, Being as 

Communion, St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, N.Y. 1985, 45; aseve ix. Marilynn Lawrence, Theo-Ontology: Notes 

on the Implications of Zizioulas' Engagement With Heidegger, Theandros 3/2 Winter 2005/2006). 

554 Sdr. siyvarulis T... 4,24 PG 90, 1053A: “saRvTo mociqulis mixedviT saboloo mizani 

aris maradiuli sicocxle (rom. 6, 22). xolo maradiuli sicocxle aris is, rom 

gicodnen (gicnobdnen) Sen mxolo WeSmariti RmerTi da ieso qriste, vinc gamogzavne (in. 

17,3)” 

555 Talasesadmi… 54 PG 90, 516A 

556 ix. zemoT siyvarulis T... 2,25-26 PG 90, 992BC 

557 SabaTis cnebisaTvis maqsimeTan ix. Grigoly Benevich, The Sabbath in St. Maximus the Confessor, 

Studi sull'Oriente Cristiano, v.9, no.1, 2005, 63-80. 

181

RmerTisadmi mistikuri ganwyobis gziT srulad umoZraod SeinarCunebs mas 

[gonebas]”. 558 

es trfialebiTi eqstazi aris Semxvedri moZraoba WeSmaritebis 

Tavdapirveli eqstazisaken. adamiani Seicnobs WeSmaritebas mxolod 

gonebis trfialebiTi aRtacebisas, rodesac igi ara ubralod Wvrets 

saRvTo realobas, aramed ganicdis da mistiurad SeerTvis mas. es aris 

evqaristiuli erToba, rodesac RmerTis energiebi moqmedeben qmnilebebSi 

da iq pouloben Semxvedr moqmedebas, rac saSualebas iZleva, daivanos 

qmnilebebSi RmerTma, xolo qmnilebebma _ RmerTSi: 

“RmerTis SabaTi aris yvela qmnilebis masTan misvla (κατάντησις, miRweva), 

rodesac daasrulebs maTze bunebiT moqmedebas (ενεργείας energiisas), anu 

Tavis gamouTqmelad moqmed usaRvToes energias (ενεργουµένην ενέργειαν). 

[maSin] daasrulebs (ganasrulebs) RmerTi TiToeul arsebulSi xvedrebul 

bunebiT energias (energiisas), romlis mixedviTac TiToeuli 

arsebulTagani bunebiTad moZraobas iZens, rodesac TiToeuli [arsebuli] 

saRvTo energias (energiisas) [sakuTari damtevnelobis] Sesabamisad miiRebs 

da gansazRvravs sakuTar bunebiT energias RmerTTan mimarTebaSi”. 559 

RmerTis uSualo codna aris samyaros evqaristiul erTianobaSi 

trfialebiTi CarTva. siyvaruli aris Semecnebis saboloo mniSvneloba. 

saRvTo evqaristiaSi monawileobiT es saboloo mniSvneloba moqmedebs 

aqve, amave cxovrebaSi, anu droSi. aseTi monawileobisaTvis ki saWiroa 

rwmena, rac gulisxmobs aseve imeds. rwmena da imedi arian siyvarulis 

gamovlinebebi am saukuneSi. gacnobierebuli rwmena aris swored 

siyvaruli, amitom siyvaruli qmediTia, awve amave cxovrebaSi da aris 

dagemovneba momavali saukunis. rwmena gadaswvdeba warsulsac (mag., 

bibliur an saeklesio istoriebs), amitom siyvaruli warsulis “awSi” 

gancdaa. rwmeniT Semoicveba mTeli dro da gacnobierebuli rwmeniT ki 

“axla da aq” ganicdeba RmerTis maradiuli samefos gamovlinebebi 

istoriaSi da, amgvarad, ganicdeba Tavad es momavali sasufevelic. 

evqaristiuli msaxurebis bolos igalobeba: “ganicadeT da ixileT, 

rameTu tkbil ars ufali” (fs. 33) – is, rac swams adamians, mas ganicdis 

evqaristiulad, anu ganicdis RmerTis sitkboebas, rac aris kidec 

siyvaruli. imedi moicavs mxolod momavals. igi niSania imisa, rom 

558 Teologiuri da gangebulebiTi T... 1, 37-39 PG 90, 1097AD 

559 Teologiuri T... 1, 47 PG 90, 1100C 

182

gancdili rwmena, anu siyvaruli marad zrdadia, ese igi imedi ukve 

gancdilze metis molodinia 560 : 

“samad iyofa dro: rwmena Tan gasdevs samive nawils, imedi – erTs, 

siyvaruli ki _ ors. rwmena da imedi raRac [sazRvramdea], xolo 

siyvaruli aris usazRvro saukuneebSi zeusazRvrosTan zeSeerTebuli da 

marad izrdeba siZliereSi. amitomac yovelze meti aris siyvaruli (1 

kor. 13,13)”. 561 

WeSmaritebis Secnoba xorcieldeba siyvaruliT. metic, WeSmariteba Tavad 

siyvarulia. sruli Secnoba, anu siyvaruli esqatologiuri marad zrdadi 

movlenaa. 562 siyvaruli vlindeba droSi rwmenisa da imedis saxiT da 

maTTan erTad. vinaidan, siyvaruli RmerTis madli da saCuqaria, rwmenaca 

da imedic madlis moqmedebaa, anu saRvTo energiaa (rogorc wina TavSi 

vnaxeT, aqac siyvaruli, anu RmerTis energiuli Tandaswreba, adamianis 

moRvaweobis dasawyisSive, ese igi pirovnebis CasaxvisTanave vlindeba da 

Tan gasdevs misi zrdis yvela etaps). gacnobierebuli rwmena aris 

adamianis energiis Tanxvedra RmerTis energiasTan, xolo Tavad 

gacnobierebis procesi aris asketur-liturgiuli movlena 563 da qmnilisa 

da uqmnelis evqaristiuli erToba. 

3.3.3. arsebulTa evqaristiuli erTianoba 

maqsimes mixedviT, samyaroSi aris ori done: sulieri, anu goniTsawvdomi 

(noeturi) da grZnobadi, anu sxeulebrivi. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, 

grZnobadi samyaro moculia da arsebobs goniTsawvdom realobaSi, ese 

igi iazrovneba gonebiTi logosebis wiaR (τοις λόγοις). xolo goniTsawvdomi 

aris grZnobadi saxeebis 564 (τοις τύποις) realobis sulieri siRrme da 

safuZveli. 565 Tumca sagnebi TavisTavad materialuri da nivTieria da 

aris meoni, anu ararsebuli, rodesac dainaxebian sulieri logosebiT, 

560 ix. А. И. Сидоров, Коментарии, Преподобный Максим Исповедник. Избранные творения, Изд. Паломник, 

Москва 2004, 443 

561 siyvarulis T...… 3,100 PG 90, 1048AB 

562 Sdr. e. WeliZe, wminda grigol noseli da misi Txzuleba... 195-196: “wminda grigol 

[noselis] sityvebia: ‘marad sakuTar Tavze maRla!’ aRniSnul sityvebSi gacxadebulia 

nisis episkoposis Teologiis arsi: adamianis, viTarca RvTis saxis ltolva 

arqetipisaken, anu RvTisaken warmoadgens dausrulebel, maradiulad mzard win 

swrafvas anu epektazs”. da iqve 257. 

563 asketikuri da liturgiuli aspeqtebis msgavseba-gansxvavebis Sesaxeb ix. А.А. Гусейнов, 

Аскетическая традиция восточной церкви…… 494-497. 

564 ix. zemoT mistagogia... 2 PG 91, 669BD. Sdr. siyvarulis T... 3,33 PG 90, 1028B 

565 Sdr. Talasesadmi… 27, 63 PG 90, 353C, 685D. aseve ix. Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 

203. 

183

cxadi xdeba, rom isini arian am logosebis, anu RmerTis 

winaswararsebuli codnisa da nebelobebis “gaarsebebi”. 566 radgan 

arsebulebi aris/arian logosebis xatebi (εικόνα) da Tavad ki ara 

hyavT/aqvT saxeebi, es niSnavs, rom maT samyaros SigniT ara aqvT 

simboluri xasiaTi (anu Tavad xilul samyaroSive ara hyavT saboloo 

referati 567 ) da ar arseboben ubralod, rogorc individualuri 

“bunebebi” da sxva sagnebis “aCrdilebi” (ebr 10,1), aramed arian uqmnelis 

saxeebi da xatebi. 568 amgvarad, isini gamosaxaven da adastureben 

RmerTsityvis pirovnebis WeSmaritebas: “yoveli gamosaxulis (εικον-ιζοµένου, 

gamo-xat-ulis) ara buneba, aramed hipostasi gamoisaxeba (εικονίζεται).” 569 

gamoisaxeba da “daixateba” misi Tavisufleba, gamovides “sakuTari 

Tavidan” (έξω εαυτού) 570 imisaTvis, rom RmerTsityvis pirovnebaSi, “romelic 

uxilavi RmerTis xatia” (2kor 4,4), damyardes qmnili da uqmneli bunebis 

srulyofili pirovnuli urTierToba da “Seurwymeli” kavSiri. 

ori samyaros erTianoba aisaxeba da vlindeba adamianis sulisa da 

sxeulis hipostasur erTianobaSi: “erTi orivesagan aris samyaro, rogorc 

sulisagan da sxeulisagan [aris] erTi adamiani”. 571 aris ra adamiani 

“mikrosamyaro” (άνθρωπος, ως µέρος τω όλω και µικρός τω µεγάλω), mowodebulia, 

asketuri moRvaweobiT Tavis TavSi gaaerTianos es samyaroebi: 

rodesac daemsgavseba suli sxeuls da goniTsawvdomebi grZnobadebs, 

keTilmSvenierebisa da didebis mixedviT Seiqnebian, [romeli didebac aris] 

yvelaSi TiToeulis Sesabamisad cxadad da moqmedad damswre saRvTo 

566 ix. siyvarulis T... 4,4 PG 90, 1048D: “gaaarseba (ουσιώσαι) da winwamowia Semoqmedma masSi 

maradiulad winaswararsebuli codna arsebulebze. uadgiloa yoymani yovladZlier 

RmerTze, SeuZlia Tu ara gaaarsos ram, rodesac [is amas] inebebs”. aseve sxvadasxva 

siZnele... 109 PG 91, 1328AB: “yovelive rac ramenairad arsebobs an Seiqmneba (γενησόµενα) 

bunebis mixedviT winaswarnebebuli da winaswarmoazrebuli arian da 

winaswaricodnebian. TiToeuli arsebulTagans keTildadgenil da Sesabamis dros 

arseboba eZleva da gaarsdeba”. Sdr. grigol noseli, qadageba 1 kor 15,28 PG 44, 1312 A: 

“arsebulebi ara raime qvemdebare nivTisagan xilulisaken gadakeTda, aramed RmerTis 

nebiT qmnilebebis nivTi da arsi iqmna”. 

567 marTalia, mistagogiis me-2-5 TavebSi eklesia aris simbolo xiluli da uxilavi 

samyarosi erTad; aseve mxolod xilulis; imavdroulad, aris adamianisa da adamianis 

sulis (mistagogiaSi kidev aris sxva simboluri qmnilebebsSorisi mimarTebebi), magram 

es xdeba mxolod mas Semdeg da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom eklesia pirvel TavSi ukve 

warmodgenilia, rogorc wminda samebis simbolo. anu, saboloo referati yvela 

simbolosi aris RmerTsityva da mis wiaR ki _ sameba RmerTi. 

568 platonis ontologiaSic nivTieri sagani aris namdvilad arsebuli (όντως ων) sagnis, 

anu ideis mxolod landi (φαντασία, aCrdili) da mibaZva (µίµησις). 

569 Teodore studieli, sawinaaRmdegod Tqmuli A(Aντιρρητικόν) 3, PG 99, 405 AB 

570 dionise areopageli, saRvTo saxelTa Sesaxeb 4, 13 PG 3, 712 AB 

571 mistagogia 7 PG 91, 685A. Sdr. Α. Ραντοσάβλιενιτς, Το µυστήριον της Σωτηρίας.. 162. 

184

Zalis gamoCena da [romeli Zalac] sakuTari TaviT usasrulo saukuneebSi 

SeinarCunebs SeerTebis gauxsnel sakvrelebs. 572 

adamianis es Tavdapirveli mowodeba da mizani mxolod RmerTsityvis 

gankacebis Semdeg gaxda ganxorcielebadi. RmerTsityvam, vinc “yovelives 

Semoicavs da sakuTar TavSi upyria”, 573 Tavis pirovnebaSi Tavi mouyara 

(ανεκεφαλαιώσατο) mTel qmnilebas, “rogorc axalma adamianma (καθάπερ 

άνθρωπον άλλον)”. 574 

αamrigad, adamianSi moculia mTeli qmnileba. is aris 

mikrokosmosi 575 da misi SuamdgomlobiT samyaro gamTliandeba da 

mieZRvneba Semoqmeds: 576 “mravali erTmaneTisagan bunebis ganSorebulni 

adamianis erTi bunebis garSemo Seikribebian (daibudeben)”. 577 

3.3.4. arsebulTa logosebis evqaristiuli xedva, rogorc ganRmrToba 

yvela grZnobadi arseba aris mistiuri da simboluri. 578 samyaros Secnoba 

aris am simbolizmis gageba, radgan qmnileba gamoavlens arsebulTa 

dafarul logoss. adamiani mowodebulia da dgas qmnilebis centrSi 

imisaTvis, rom Seicnos da aRiaros samyaros saRvTo safuZveli, 579 

romelicaa RmerTis nebelobebi, anu arsebobis logosebi. mowodebulia, 

raTa eZios, imoZraos saRvTo logosis, anu RmerTsityvisaken, vinc aris 

Semoqmedi da airekleba adamianis “logikaSi”, anu azrovnebaSi. am 

Secnoba-aRiarebis procesis sakvanZo cneba aris “Teoria”, anu “xedva”: 

“Teoria aris adamianis sulieri cxovrebis umaRlesi safexuri, vinc 

Rirsi xdeba, ixilos RmerTi (Θεό); efuZneba movlenas, rom RmerTi _ 

berZeni mamebis mixedviT _, ar aris mxolod miuwvdomeli da 

miuaxlebeli, aramed miaxlebadicaa; araa mxolod uxilavi, aramed 

572 mistagogia 7 PG 91, 685C 

573 sxvadasxva siZnele. ioane kizikielisadmi 2 PG 91, 1092 B 

574 sxvadasxva siZnele 103 PG 91, 1312 AB 

575 Sdr. Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 225: “ И человек воскреснет в мире или с миром, как 

часть с целым, как великое в малом”; termin mikrokosmoss efrem mcire da arsen iyalToeli 

Targmnian, rogorc mcire sofels. ediSer WeliZes igi gadmoaqvs, rogorc mcire 

qveyniereba. ix. wm. ioane damaskeli, marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi 

gadmocema. ori Zveli Targmani (wm. efrem mcirisa da wm. arsen iyalToelis), Tbilisis 

sasuliero akademiis gamomcemloba 2000, 115, 362. 

576 Sdr. L. Thunberg, Microcosm and Mediator… 28. 

577 sxvadasxva siZnele 2 PG 91, 1092 C. Sdr. mistagogia 1 PG 91, 665A 

578 Sdr Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 204-205; Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 36. 

579 Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 224: “Созерцание есть познание в Слове, видение мира в Боге 

(или Бога в мире), как он укоренен в непостижимой Божественной простоте”. 

185

ixilveba. bunebiT uxilavi da uziarebeli RmerTi mis energiebSi xdeba 

adamianisagan xiluli da ziarebuli”. 580 

maqsimesaTvis Teoria (xedva) niSnavs sagnebis gamocdilebiT da 

intuiciur SegrZnebas _ gansakuTrebiT ki _ RmerTsityvis Semecnebas 

logosebis wiaR. es codna aris RmerTis saCuqari samyaroSi adamianis 

wiaR samyarosaTvis. samyaros xedva gansxvavebulia grZnobadi da 

pirveladi aRqmisagan, anu “martivi azrebisagan”. igi aris Sualeduri 

codna samyaros fenomenebsa da maTs azrovnebiT aRqmasa, erTi mxriv, da, 

meore mxriv, RmerTTan uSualo ziarebas Soris. 581 Teoria aris sagnebis 

logosebTan Sexvedra: “aris ra Sualedi saxeebisa da WeSmaritebis”. 582 

igi aris Sualeduri gza logosebis Ziebisa, “romlebis gareSec 

araviTari arsebulTagani ar arsebobs”. 583 

rogorc mravalgzis aRvniSneT, es gza aris RmerTisaken 

SemecnebiTi aRmasvlis meore stadia. amjerad, gvinda, ufro konkretulad 

gamovkveToT misi sxva stadiasTan gansxvaveba, erTi mxriv, da, meore 

mxriv, aRvweroT, Tu rogor aris dakavSirebuli yvela es stadia 

qristeSi samyaros evqaristiulobis gacxovreba/gancdasTan. maS ase, 

Teoria aris “nawilobrivi codna”, codnis dasawyisi, romelic mxolod 

siyvarulis mudmivi varjiSiT xdeba dinamiuri msvleloba codnis 

srulyofilebisaken 584 , rac aris RmerTsityvis pirovnebis uSualo xedva 

da ziareba: 

“rodesac RmerTis mier gaxdebi nawilobrivi codnis Rirsi, nu 

ugulebelyof siyvaruls da TavSekavebas. isini sulis vnebul nawils 

ganwmenden da codnis gzas marad gimzadeben. xolo codnisaken gza aris 

uvneboba da Tavmdabloba, romelTa gareSec veravin ixilavs RmerTs”. 585 

Semecnebis es sami safexuri kargad Cans mistagogiis me-4 TavSi (mogvyavs 

srulad): 

580 

“[xucesma] Tqva, rom kidev sxva Teoriis Sesabamisad adamiani aris RmerTis 

wminda eklesia. suli aris sakurTxeveli, [xolo] goni _ saRvTo 

Γ. Μαντζαρίδης, Θεωρία, Η Θρησκευτική και Ηθική Εγκυκλοπαίδειa (ΘΗΕ), sveti 503. Sdr. A. 

Παπαδοπούλος, Θεολογική γνωσεολογία κατά τους Νηπτικούς Πατέρες, Θεσσαλονίκη 1977, 86 

581 Sdr. siyvarulis T... 3,44 PG 90, 1029B: “siqveleebi vnebebisagan gonebas ganaSoreben; 

sulieri xedvebi – martivi azrebisagan (ψιλών νοηµάτων); sufTa locva waradgens mas 

Tavad RmerTTan”. ix. А. И. Сидоров, Коментарии, Преподобный Максим Исповедник… 387. 

582 Teologiuri da gangebulebiTi T... 5,37 PG 91, 1364A. Sdr. Χρ. Γιανναράς, Το πρόσωπο και ο 

Έρως... 120. 

583 sxvadasxva siZnele 5 PG 91, 1052A 

584 Sdr. siyvarulis T... 4,79 PG 90, 1068BC 

585 siyvarulis T... 4.57-58 PG 90, 1061A. ix. А. И. Сидоров, Коментарии, Преподобный Максим 

Исповедник… 397. 

186

samsxverplo (wminda trapezi), sxeuli [ki] _ taZari, radgan aris xati da 

msgavseba RmerTis xatebisaebr da msgavsebad qmnili adamianis. taZris mier, 

rogorc sxeulis mier, eTikuri (zneobrivi) filosofia winwaridgineba 

(ηθικήν φιλοσοφίαν προβαλλοµένην, winwamoiweva ra eTikuri filosofia); 

sakurTxevlis mier, rogorc sulis _ bunebiTi xedva (φυσικήν θεωρίαν), 

sulierad ganimarteba; rogorc saRvTo samsxverplos [anu] gonis mier _ 

saidumlo (mistikuri) Teologia gamovlindeba. da kvlav, wminda eklesia 

aris adamiani, radgan sxeulis taZriT sulis praqtikul [nawils, unars] 

eTikuri filosofiis Sesabamisad mcnebaTa moqmedebiT saTnoebiTad 

gananaTlebs da gaamxiarulebs (φαιδρύνοντα, mxiruls qmnis); radgan sulis 

sakurTxevliT grZnobadis Sesabamis logosebs suliwmidaSi nivTisagan 

garSemoZarcvavs da bunebiTi xedvis Sesabamisad gonebis (δια λόγου 586 ) mier 

RmerTs miarTmevs wmindad; {radgan gonis samsxverplos mier 

mravalmetyvelebasa da mravalJReradobaze aRmatebuli siCumiT mouwodebs 

wmindaTa wmindaSi (άδυτοις, SeuvalTaSi) didadxmovanebisaTvis uxilavi da 

Seucnobeli RvTaebis mravalsagalobel siCumes}. da rogorc es adamians 

SeuZlia daitios, mistikuri TeologiiT masTan [siCumesTan] Tanamyofobs 

da xdeba iseTi, rogoric unda iyos RmerTTan damkvidrebis Rirsqmnili da 

misi yovladmnaTi mxiaruli naTebebiT (αιγλάις) aRniSnuli”. 587 

da kvlav, am pasaJis mixedviT, praqtika, Teoria da RmerTTan mistiuri 

erToba evqaristiul konteqstSi vlindeba erT mTlian movlenad. Teoria, 

erTi mxriv, gamomdinareobs praqtikuli moRvaweobisagan da 

dafuZnebulia masze da, meore mxriv, igi Tavad aris saRvTo saCuqari. am 

ukanasknels miuTiTebs citirebuli monakveTis fraza: logosebs 

suliwmidaSi nivTisagan garSemoZarcvavs, anu suliwmida moqmedebs, Cuqnis 

suls nivTisagan, anu simboloebis “sizrqelisagan” ganwmendil 

logosebis xedvas. 588 magram Teoriis Sualeduri xasiaTi ar niSnavs mis 

droebiTobas da naklulobas. swored evqaristiuli foni metyvelebs im 

faqtze, rom Semecnebis samive aspeqti mniSvnelovania da codnis erT 

mTlian realobas warmoadgens. praqtikul moRvaweobaSi ukve Zevs 

sulieri xedva, radgan nivTebi simboloebia, saxeebia uxilavis. nivTebi 

Semmecnebels raRacnairad ukve akavSirebs uxilavTan. Teoriis safexuri 

gamomdinareobs praqtikulisagan, magram, amave dros, uwyvet kavSirSia 

586 aq fraza δια λόγου aSkarad niSnavs gonebas, magram is agreTve miuTiTebs im garemoebas, 

rom evqaristia aris sityvieri msaxureba, rac imas niSnavs, rom msxverpli swored 

sityviT/logosiT Seiwireba, anu uformo logismo/azri sityviT formdeba sityvaSi, anu 

RmerTsityvaSi. es ase unda vigulisxmoT, radgan swored saboloo sityva/logosi aris 

RmerTsityva, romelSic aqvs misadgomi adamians mamaRmerTTan. vfiqrobT, rom maqsimes 

mier am konteqstSi gonebis nacvlad sityva logosis gamoyenebas aseTi axsna SeiZleba 

mieces. 

587 mistagogia 4 PG 91, 671A-673C. frCxilebiT {} moniSnuli frazis variantuli Targmania: 

“xolo gonebiT, rogorc samsxverploTi, sxva mravalsityviani da mravalbgeri siCumiT, 

mouwodebs wyvdiad da Seucnobel SeuvalTaSi mravalsagalobel RvTaebis siCumes”. 

588 

simboloebisa da ritualis Temas Cven ukve SevexeT dionise areopagelTan 

mimarTebaSi, magram maT kvlav davubrundebiT da ganvixilavT ufro dawvrilebiT me-5 

TavSi. 

187

mesame safexurTan, jer erTi imitom, rom marad misken aris mimarTuli 

da, meorec, imitom, rom xedva ukve dakavSirebulia saRvTo moqmedebasTan, 

anu energiasTan, romelic masze da masSi uSualod moqmedebs. ese igi, 

xedva ukve raRacnairi uSualo kavSiria RmerTTan. xolo ukanaskneli, 

mistiuri kavSiri RmerTTan gamomdinareobs praqtikisa da Teoriisagan da 

maTTan ise mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli, rogorc samsxverplo Tavis 

taZarsa da sakurTxevelTan da SekavSirebuli da harmoniulad 

urTierTmorgebuli, rogorc adamianis organizmi. swored adamianis 

fsiqosomaturi erTianoba aris pirovnulobis safuZveli. esaa 

qristianuli tradiciis uryevi postulati. swored ganxorcielebuli 

logosia, romlis mierac da romelSic xorcieldeba ukanaskneli erToba 

RmerTTan da, cxadia, rom maqsime aRmsarebeli am postulats ar 

upirispirdeba. 

goneba, romelic aris wminda, Rebulobs arsebulebSi RmerTis 

WeSmaritebis gamocxadebas: “aris ra goneba wminda, iRebs sagnebis 

sazrisebs da maT mier sulieri xedvisaken moZraobs.” 589 adamiani iRebs 

qmnilebis saboloo sazriss da xedavs arsebulTa logosebs, anu 

WeSmaritebas, 590 maTs siwmindes yovelgvari fantaziismieri SiSveli 

sqemebis 591 gareSe. amgvarad, igi aRiarebs samyaroSi RmerTsityvis 

Tanamyofobas, rogorc yoveli qmnilebis mizezsa da mizans: “TiToeul 

xilul simboloTaganSi dafarul RvTivsrul logoss aswavlis da 

logosSi ki RmerTs poulobs.” 592 

aq ar aris laparaki RmerTis aranair “gareSe” filosofiur an 

bunebriv codnaze. saubaria qmnilebis suliwmidaSi ganWvretasa da 

adamianis monawileobaze am xedvaSi saeklesio cxovrebis erTianobaSi, 

romelic ganwmends, miuZRvis da miuZRvnis mTel nivTier da sulier 

qmnilebas Semoqmeds. 593 praqtika da Teoria, RmerTsityvis evqaristiuli 

codna da siyvarulSi gangrZobadi varjiSi aris erTiani xati adamianis 

arsebobisa, romelic miemarTeba Semecnebis gzaze. es misteria adamians 

589 siyvarulis T... 1,87 PG 90, 980CD. Sdr. sxvadasxva T..… 3,40, 1277B. ix. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η 

Ευχαριστιακή Οντολογία... 109, 110. 

590 Talasesadmi ... 27 PG 90, 353B 

591 Talasesadmi ... 32 PG 90, 372B 

592 iqve 

593 Sdr. Ν. Νησιώτης, Προλεγόµενα εις την Θεολογικήν γνωσολογίαν, Αθήνα 1986, 231. 

188

icavs litoni fantaziebisa da fizikuri realobis badeSi 

momwyvdevisagan da mis sicocxles aniWebs umaRles Rirsebas. 594 

maqsimesaTvis Semecnebis mTeli procesi SesaZlebelia mxolod 

imitom, rom RmerTsityva Tavad “Camodis” Tavisi logosebis 

Sesamecnebeli xatebiT. 595 amrigad, Semecnebis mTavari problema aris is, 

rom adamianma Seicnos da aRiaros RmerTkacis realoba, rogorc 

qmnilebis (samyaros) arsebobisa da sicocxlis ZiriTadi sakiTxi. 596 

RmerTsityvis gankaceba aris arsebulebis bunebiTi xedvis 

(fizikuri Teoriis) centri, “[romelic] aris arsebulTa sawyisis winaswar 

naazrevi mizani, romlisaTvisac aris yoveli da romelic ar aris aravis 

gamo”. 597 igi aseve mTeli qmnilebisa da istoriis uRrmesi gagebisa da 

ganmartebis sazomia: 598 

“sityvis gansxeulebis (ενσωµατώσεως) saidumlos werilis mixedviT aqvs 

yoveli miniSnebisa da saxis Zala (azri) da xiluli da goniTsawvdomi 

qmnilebis mecniereba. da vinc Seicno jvrisa da dasaflavebis saidumlo, 

man icis winaswarTqmuli logosebi; xolo visac aRdgomis gamouTqmeli 

Zala gaendo, man uwyis mizani, romlisaTvisac RmerTma yvelaferi winaswar 

daadgina”. 599 

imis gamo, rom qriste aris ganxorcielebuli erTianoba qmnilisa da 

uqmnelis, sakuTari TaviT sTavazobs adamians erTian avTentur samyaros. 

mis sxeulSi evqaristiuli monawileoba aris swored am namdvil 

erTianobaSi wilmqoneoba. 600 mis pirovnebaSi Tavs iyris qmnileba, adamiani 

da RmerTi. masSi xorcieldeba RmerTis qmnilebisaken da qmnilebebis 

RmerTisaken trfialebiTi moZraoba ierarqiul urTierTobaSi, rac 

SeakavSirebs mTel qmnilebas RmerTisaken dabrunebis, aRmasvlisa da 

TviTmiZRvnisas: 601 

“RmerTi aris trfialeba (έρως) da siyvaruli. rogorc trfobili da 

yvarebuli sakuTari Tavisaken amoZravebs siyvarulis da trfialebis 

yvela damtevnels. [...] moZraobsn rogorc Sinagani trfialebis da 

siyvarulis urTierTobis STamnergveli maTs mimReblebSi; amoZravebs, 

rogorc bunebiT misken amoZravebulebis wadilis mimzidveli. da kvlav, 

594 Ν. Ματσούκας, Κόσµος, Άνθρωπος, Κοινωνία... 202 

595 Sdr. ioane damaskeli, wminda xatebis cilismwameblebis mimarT. sityva 2, 19 PG 94, 1340D- 

1341A. aseve Ν. Ματσούκας, Κόσµος, Άνθρωπος, Κοινωνία... 56. 

596 Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 204-205: “Задача познания именно в том, чтобы увидеть и 

распознать в мире его первотворческие основания, опознать мир, как великую систему дел Божиих, как 

систему изначальных Божественных действий, изволений и прообразов”. 

597 Talasesadmi... 60 PG 90, 621 BD 

598 Sdr. Ψευτούκας Βασίλειος, Θεολογική ανάληση του περιεχοµένου της Ερώτησής Ξ΄- Απόκρισης, Πρακτικά 

ΚΑ΄ Θεολογικού Συνεδρίου µε Τέµα «Ο Άγιος Μαξιµος ο Οµολογητής», Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 227. 

599 Teologiuri T... 1,66 PG 90, 1108A. Sdr. Talasesadmi... 60 PG 90, 621A 


601 Sdr. Π. Χρίστος, Άνθρωπος άναρχος και ατελεύτητος… 256. 

189

amoZravebs da moZraobs, rogorc wyurvils mowyurebuli, trfialebas 

Setrfobili da moyvaruli siyvarulis”. 602 

amrigad, ganxorcielebuli RmerTsityva daasafuZvlebs da, amave dros, 

ganmartavs qmnilebis mTel SemoqmedebiT msvlelobas qmnilebebis 

fizikuri Teoriis “martivi” da “erTsaxovani” xedvisaken, anu 

Teologiuri mistagogiisaken. xolo es xdeba maSin, rodesac adamians 

SeuZlia, moRvaweobiT aRematos xiluli sinamdvilis fenomenebs: 

“[mavani moRvaweTagani] uvnebobis mier jvars ecmis praqtikuli 

filosofiiT da sulSi [suliwmidaSi] bunebiTi xedviT (φυσικήν θεωρίαν) 

TiTqos (rogorc ram) qristes xorcisagan misi sulisaken gadadis 

(µεταβαίνων). mavani ki bunebiTi xedvisaTvis mokvdinebuli (νεκρούµενος) 

gonebiT arsebulTa garSemo simboluri xedvis (συµβολικής θεωρίας) 

ganZarcviT da saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebis erTsaxovani da martivi 

(litoni) mistagogiisaken TiTqos (rogorc ram) qristes sulisagan misi 

gonisaken gadaiyvaneba (µετατιθίµενος). mavani ukuTqmis mier amisagnac 

sruliad gamouTqmeli uaryofiTi ganusazRvrelobisaken, TiTqos (rogorc 

ram) qristes sulis gonisagan misi RvTaebisaken saidumlod (mistiurad) 

aRiyvaneba (αναγόµενος)”. 603 

ambigvas am pasaJSi igive suraTi ixateba, rac mistagogiis me-4 Tavidan 

zemoT moyvanil monakveTSi. evqaristiuli foni kvlav utyuaria. amjerad, 

adamianis sxeuli qristes eklesiur sxeulTan parelelurad ganixileba. 

is rac xdeba adamianSi, rogorc “mikrokosmosSi (mcire sofelSi)” 604 , 

igive xdeba samyaroSi, romlis saboloo miznis Sesabamisad 

aqtualizirebuli saxea qristes sxeuli. yoveli “mcire ama 

soflisaganni” (Sdr. mT. 25, 40,45), Tuki igi CarTulia qristes sxeulSi, 

xdeba samyaros centri. qristeSi ukve aqtualizirebulia samyaro da 

pasiurad Tu SegnebiT aqtiurad yvela misi sxeulis wevria. esaa qristeSi 

mTeli qmnilebis Tavmoyra da apokatastasi. 605 

602 sxvadsxva siZnele... 82 PG 91, 1260C 

603 sxvadsxva siZnele... 103 PG 91, 1360CD 

604 Sdr. Ν. Ματσούκα, Μυστήριον επί των ιερώς κεκοιµηµένων... 165: “arsad ar ambobs grigol 

noseli, rom aRiarebs stoikosebis swavlebas adamianis Sesaxeb, rom is aris mikro 

kosmosi, magram Tavis TeologiaSi igi iyenebs mas”. Sdr. aseve Χρ. Νικηταρά, «Ο Κόσµος και οι 

κόσµοι» στη θεολογική σκέψη του Αγίου Γρηγορίου επισκόπου Νύσσης, Περιοδικό Γρηγόριος ο Παλαµάς, Τ. 783, 

Θεσσαλονίκη 2000, 580-588. 

605 Sdr. Β.Ψευτούκα, θεολογική ανάλυση του περιεχοµένου της ερώτησης Ξ΄ απόκρισης... 232: “mxolod 

RmerTs aqvs absoluturi TviTSemecneba, icis is, rac aris igi arsebiTad. aseve icis 

yvela qmnilebis, TiToeulis buneba jer kidev manamde, sanam isini movidodnen 

arsebobaSi. arc erT mis SeqmnilTagans ara aqvs sruli TviTSemecneba imisa, Tu ra 

aris arsebiTad da aseve ar icis arc sxvebis Sesaxeb... sruli codna miemadleba 

mxolod dasasrulisas. es codna iqneba sakuTari Tavis, sxvisi da yvela arsebulis 

bunebisa da es codna iqneba ‘grZnobiTi’, anu ‘wilmqoneobiT-ziarebiTi’, anu 

‘gamocdilebiTi’ maTTvis TviTgacnobadi RmerTisa (RmerTi Tavad ecnoba, ecxadeba 

adamians –k.k)” da 227: “[es ‘dasasruli (τέλος, bolo)’], anu mizani (τέλος-is meore 

mniSvneloba) aris sakuTriv mizani RmerTis gangebulebisa (zrunvisa), rac ar aris sxva 

190

amave pasaJidan cxadi xdeba is, razec zemoT ukve visaubreT. 

kerZod, mistagogiis me-4 TavSi Cans da ambigvas am monakveTidan 

dasturdeba, rom Semecnebis samsafexuriani procesi erTi ganuyofeli 

Teologiuri movlenis mdinarebaa da bunebiTi xedva, rac uigivdeba 

simbolur xedvas, ukve suliwmidis moqmedebaa adamianSi (sulSi 

[suliwmidaSi] bunebiTi xedviT (φυσικήν θεωρίαν)). amasve mowmobs is 

garemoeba, rom Tuki Semecnebis moqmedeba eTikuri, anu praqtikuli 

filosofiis safexurze ambigvaSi gamoixateba zmnis moqmedebiTi gvariT _ 

sulisaken gadadis (µεταβαίνων), fizikuri Teoriisa (rac igivea simboluri 

Teoriis) da mistiuri Teoriis aRwerisas maqsime iyenebs vnebiTi gvaris 

zmnis formebs _ gadaiyvaneba (µετατιθέµενος) da aRiyvaneba (αναγόµενος). 

cxadia, rom Semecnebis bolo or safexurze iniciativa ekuTvnis RmerTs. 

praqtikuli moRvaweobidan avtomaturad ar gamomdinareobs aranairi 

Teoria. simboluri xedvac da apofatikuri (Sdr. ukuTqmis mier amisagnac 

sruliad gamouTqmeli uaryofiTi ganusazRvrelobisaken) da mistiuri 

Teoriac RmerTis uSualo moqmedebaa adamianSi. magram es ar niSnavs imas, 

rom Semecnebis pirvel safexurze ar moqmedebs suliwmida. winaaRmdeg 

SemTxvevaSi, dairRveoda Semecnebis procesis erTianoba. Cven zemoT ukve 

vnaxeT, rodesac ganvixilavdiT Talasesadmi me-15 Tavs, sadac saubaria 

qmnilebaSi suliwmidis samgvari moqmedebis Sesaxeb, rom “suliwmida ar 

aris ganSorebuli arc erTi arsisagan [...da aris] winagangebiTi ZaliT 

yovelives gamWoli da TiToeulSi bunebiTad arsebuli unaris (λόγος) 

amamoZravebeli”. 606 amis Sesaxeb ediSer WeliZe wers: “suliwmida, erTi 

mxriv, martivad myofobs yvelaSi da yvelaferSi, gansakuTrebiT ki – 

moazrovne qmnilebebSi. es ‘martivi myofoba’ suliwmidisa niSnavs arsTaA 

arsebobis Semamtkiceblobas, maT ganWolvas winagangebiTi ZaliT, maTSi 

bunebiTad STaTesili unaris, maT bunebiseul TeslTa anu maTi bunebidan 

gamomdinare marTebuli azrebis amoqmedebas (οι εκ φύσεως ορθοί λογισµοί), risi 

Sedegicaa TviT ukidures barbarosebSi da momTabareebSi sikeTisa da 

mSvenierebis mravalgzisi gamovlineba. yvela amgvari gamovlinebis wyaro 

ram, garda qmnilebebis sakuTar TavSi ‘Tavmoyrisa’” (ανακεφαλαίωση) (PG 90, 621; irineos 

lioneli, Κατά αιρέσεων, Απόσπ. 91, ΒΕΠ 5, 168). es “Tavmoyra”, Tavis mxriv, sxva araferia, Tu 

ara „hipostasuri erToba“ (καθ’ υπόστασιν ενώσεως (maqsime aRmsarebeli, Talasesadmi... 60 PG 

90, 620). 

606 Talasesadmi... 15 PG 90, 297 

191

da saTave swored suliwmidaa (xazgasma Cvenia _k.k)”. 607 nebismieri keTili 

moqmedeba da swori da marTebuli azrebis amoqmedebac aris ukve 

suliwmidis moqmedeba. oRond am pirvel etapze umTavresi mniSvneloba 

aqvs nebelobis gamovlinebas, anu “keTil arCevans”: “sami ramaa, rac 

gvibiZgebs kargisaken: bunebiTi Teslebi, wminda Zalebi [angelozebi] da 

keTili arCevani”. 608 amitom am etapisTvis SegveZlo “nebelobis etapi” 

gvewodebina. esaa adamianis sawyisi Tavisuflebis gamovlineba. danarCeni 

ori safexuri ki suliwmidis moqmedebaa da saCuqari, dafuZnebuli 

swored am Tavisuflebis sawyis gamovlinebaze. sxvanairad, erTi mxriv, 

daiTrguneboda da ugulebelyofili iqneboda adamianis Tavisufleba da, 

meore mxriv, adamiani SeZlebda RmerTze zemoqmedebasa da mis iZulebas. 609 

es Semecnebis procesi aris ori Tavisuflebis _ qmnilisa da uqmnelis, 

SezRudulis, magram niadag gaxsnadis da absoluturis _ Sexvedra, 

rogorc trfialebis ormxrivi aqti. 

am Temas ukavSirdeba logosebis maqsimeseuli gansxvaveba. igi 

ganmartavs, rom logosi aris “bunebis logosi”, “gansjis logosi” da 

“winaazrovnebis (zrunvis, gangebulebis) logosi”. eseni arian logosebi: 

“romelTa mier yoveli saukunis uwin Cveni cxovnebis saidumlo 

wingansazRvruli Sedga, romelic bolo droSi Sesrulda. 610 [...]φfrTebi 

arian winaazrovneba da gansja, romelTa mier dafrinavs sityva da 

Seucnoblad Tanaemgzavreba arsebulebs da sibrZnis logosebiT kurnavs 

msurvelebs, xolo siqveleebisaken ZneladaRZvradT aRzrdis xerxebiT 

mkurnalobs. pirvelebisagan xorcis WuWys Camowmends, xolo meoreTagan 

sulis laqebs mkurnalobs”. 611 

607 

e. WeliZe, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli, “suliwmidis samgvari gamovlinebis Sesaxeb 

kacobriobaSi”, samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo Sromebi II, Tbilisis sasuliero akademia, 

Tbilisi 2004, 77. 

608 siyvarulis T... 2.32 PG 993D. Sdr. iqve 3.93 PG 1045B: “wminda Zalebi sikeTisaken 

migvaqceven. bunebiTi Teslebi da keTili arCevani gvexmarebian...” 

609 Sdr. m. mamardaSvili, saubrebi filosofiaze, Tbilisi 1992, 43: “survili grZnobaTa 

sisrulis miRwevis, romelzec kanti laparakobs, am sisrules ver mogvitans. aseve, ver 

miviRebT azrs, Tu ubralod avamoqmedebT adamianuri azris mocemul SesaZleblobebs 

da nabij-nabij mivyvebiT maT. maS, rogor unda miviRoT is, rasac me davarqvi ‘cocxali 

mdgomareoba’, ‘cnobiereba’ an ‘sityva’? tradiciulad, amas hqvia madli. raRac gveZleva 

ara Cveni sakuTari ZalisxmeviT, aramed madliT. [...] madli gulisxmobs religiur 

moqmedebas, raRac zeadamianuri Zalisa, romelsac SegviZlia davarqvaT ‘RmerTi’. madli 

misi mocemulia. amave dros, is am Zalis imanenturi Tandaswrebaa CvenSi. rogorc 

vTqviT, kanoni ar iZleva imas, risi miRwevac Cven gvsurs. kanoni, cneba, norma, qadageba, 

darigeba da a.S. – yovelive es aris RmerTis mier Cveni garedan marTva. magram ise 

veravin gvmarTavs, Tu ar iqneba Tandamswre da monawile Cveni sulieri gancdisa, Tu 

piradad ar miiRebs monawileobas masSi”. 

610 Talasesadmi... 63 PG 90,681CD 

611 Talasesadmi... 54 PG 90,517D 

192

winaazrovnebiT exmareba moRvaweebs, raTa nebayoflobiT Seasrulon 

bunebis logosi. xolo gansjiT ki bunebis logosis sawinaaRmdegos 

moqmedT sjis da Semoabrunebs bunebiTi logosisaken: “kverTxi niSnavs 

RmerTis gansasjels, xolo sayrdeni (xeljoxi) – winaazrovnebas. maT 

Sesaxeb codnis momRebeli ambobs: ‘kverTxma Senma da xeljoxma Senma _ 

maT nugeSi mces’ (fs. 22,4)”. 612 rogorc Cans, maqsimesaTvis gansjisa da 

winaazrovnebis logosebi aris bunebiTi logosis gamovlinebebi. 613 anu, 

moRvaweobis asparezze myofi ukve ganicdis saRvTo moqmedebas an 

zrunvis logosis an gansjis logosis zegavleniT, ufro ki orivesi 

erTad. amrigad, “codnis miRebis” gzis nebismieri etapi dakavSirebulia 

logosebis, anu, rac igivea, RmerTsityvis moqmedebasTan adamianSi. es 

asea, radgan qristem Tavis pirovnebaSi miiRo adamianuri buneba da mis 

mier mTeli qmnileba, 614 romelic Sevida masTan hipostasur erTobaSi da 

gaxda RmerTsityvis “Tanahipostasi” 615 da CarTo samerTeba RmerTis 

siyvarulis sicocxleSi: 

“ara raime aklda zesavse RmerTs, rom arsebobaSi Semoiyvana qmnilebebi, 

aramed raTa isini masTan wilqonebulni Sesabamisad netarebdnen, igi ki 

xarobdes Tavis qmnilebebiT, rodesac dainaxavs, rom maT uxariaT da 

daunayrebeliT [anu usasrulo RmerTiT] marad daunayreblad 

nayrdebian”. 616 

vxedavT, rom ramdenadac adamiani moRvaweobiTad cxovrobs avTenturi 

pirovnulobiT da imdenadve “Seiarsebebs” arsebulebis macocxlebel 

Zalas, anu suliwmidas, 617 imdenad dgas samebis Semecnebis gzaze: 

“rodesac goneba vnebebisagan sruliad gaTavisufldeba, maSin 

arsebulebis xedvisaken ganudrekelad miemarTeba da wminda samebis 

codnisaken msvlelobs”. 618 aseve, logosebis wiaR RmerTsityvis 

612 siyvarulis T… 2,99 PG 90, 1017A 

613 

dawvrilebiT gansjisa da winaazrovnebis logosebis Sesaxeb ix. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η 

Ευχαριστιακή οντολογία... 138-146. 


615 mcire Teologiuri da polemikuri. sxvadasxva cneba PG 91, 152AB 

616 siyvarulis T… 3,46 PG 90, 1029C. Cvenive variantuli Targmania: “ara raimes moqene iyo 

zesavse RmerTi, rodesac arsebobaSi Semoiyvana qmnilebebi, aramed imisaTvis [Semoiyvana], 

rom TavianTi SesabamisobiT wilmqoneobdnen mis netarebSi da, rom igi xarobdes Tavis 

qmnilebebiT imis xedviT, rom uxariaT maT da daunayreblad nayrdebodnen marad 

verdasanayrebeliT”. 

617 Sdr. sxvadasxva Teologiuri da polemikuri... 1.71 PG 91, 1208D 

618 siyvarulis T... 1,86 PG 90, 980C . Sdr. Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 224: “ Это 

ступень и состояние чистой молитвы. Ум подымается выше форм и идей, и приобщается Божественного 

единства и мира. В этом мире он познает Пресущую Троицу. И сам становится и обновляется по образу 

Троицы”. 

193

Semecnebisaken msvleloba aris samebis siyvarulSi ziareba da sicocxle. 

es sicocxle moicavs mTel adamians da aris empiruli Semecneba 

misteriisa, romelic, Tavis mxriv, aris arsebulTa arsebobis aRmavsebeli 

saRvTo erTobis, wminda samebis misteria: “arsebulTa codnas asxivosnebs 

da crusaxel codnas gaauCinarebs. [...] wminda mironiT Tayvanissacemel 

wminda samebis codnas ganasrulebs”. 619 

am codnis garemoSi, romelic qmnilebas aerTianebs qmnilebis 

sazRvrebs miRma arsebulTan, qmnili samyaros arsebebi aRar arian 

ubralod obieqtebi, aramed xdebian “sagnebi”, 

RmerTis “gaarsebuli” 

nebelobebi da misi xatebi, rogorc TiToeulad, ise maTs erTianobaSi. 620 

qmnili samyaro xdeba misi energiebis gamocxadeba, RmerTmCenoba, rac 

aris kidec samyaros gaerTianeba da RmerTis wiaRSi sicocxle. 621 

amgvarad, samyaros silamaze aRar aris litoni meqanizirebuli 

kanonzomiereba da Sewyobiloba, aramed aris “uxilavi keTilmSvenierebis 

gamo-xat-uleba (απ-εικον-ίσµα, asaxva)”, 622 xdeba ra mSveniereba (κάλλος), 

moxmoba (καλούν) samebis energiisaken 623 , rac bunebiTi xedvis dasasrulia: 

“xmobs qmnileba masSi Seqmnilebis mier da TiTqos auwyebs gonebiT 

smenis SemZlebelT Tavad mizezs, romelic samebrivad igalobeba, vambob 

RmerTs da mamas da mis gamouTqmel Zalas da RvTaebas, anu 

mxolodSobil sityvas da suls wmindas. eseni arian RmerTis uxilavi 

(rom. 1,20), rac samyaros Sesaqmidan moyolebuli gonebiT ganiWvriteba 

(καθορώµενα)”. 624 

mTeli samyaro erTiandeba erT saRvTo trfialebiT aqtSi. samebis codna 

siyvarulia. es siyvaruli axleburad aSuqebs samyaros. trfialebiT 

eqstazirebuli goneba RvTaebis usasrulo sinaTleSi kargavs 

ganmxoloebis SegrZnebas. arc TviTon da arc samyaro mis garSemo aRar 

aris dacalcalkevebuli obieqtebi, aramed arian saRvTo sagnebi erT 

mTlianobaSi, trfialebis did saidumloSi: 

619 siyvarulis T... 2,21 PG 90, 990D-992A. Sdr. Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 205: 

“"Созерцание" есть высокая ступень в духовном становлении, предпоследняя (и неизбежная) ступень, на 

самом пороге таинственного исступления, восторгающего душу в пресущественный мрак Троического 

бытия”. 


621 Sdr. Ν. Ματσούκας, Κόσµος, Άνθρωπος, Κοινωνία... 87. 

622 dionise areopageli, zeciuri ierarqiis Sesaxeb 1,3 PG 3, 121C. Sdr. Χρ. Γιανναράς, Το 

πρόσωπο και ο Έρως... 118. 

623 dionise areopageli, saRvTo saxelebis Sesaxeb 4,6 PG 3, 701C: “mSvenierebad (κάλλος) 

iwodeba... radgan yovelives Tavisken uxmobs (καλούν) da rogorc yvela yovelSi erTad 

mohyavs”. 

624 Talasesadmi…13 PG 90, 296 BC 

194

“rodesac siyvarulis trfialebaSi (ερώτι της αγάπης 625 ) RmerTisaken goneba 

gadadis (εκδηµή, mwirobs), maSin verc sakuTar Tavs, verc raimes 

arsebulTagan sruliad ver SeigrZnobs. saRvTo da usazRvro sinaTlis 

qveS garSemonaTebuli ugrZnobeli xdeba yovelive mis [RmerTis] mier 

Seqmnilisadmi”. 626 

Sejameba 

maqsimes TeologiaSi centraluri adgili uWiravs saRvTo siyvarulis 

cnebas. is aris yovelives sawyisica da mizanic, mizezica da 

mamoZravebelic. saRvTo trfialeba aris ontologiuri safuZveli 

SemoqmedebiTi aqtis, saRvTo energiebis qmnil bunebaSi gamovlinebis, 

RmerTis gankacebis saidumlos, adamianisa da masTan erTad mTeli 

qmnilebis ganRmrTobis. es siyvaruli aris CaTesili qmnilebaSi, rogorc 

ram saRvTo unari. igi sayovelTao saRvTo siyvarulis “spermatuli” 

siyvarulebia. adamianis bunebrivi Zalebi swored am unaris 

TavisuflebiT aqtualizirebisTvis aris mocemuli. Tavmoyvareoba aris am 

unaris araswori mimarTulebiT aRZvra, ramac gamoiwvia adamianis bunebis 

dacema. dacemuloba niSnavs, erTi mxriv, adamianis 

trixotomuri/dixotomuri Sedgenilobis da, meore mxriv, sulis Zalebis 

harmoniul/ierarqiuli Sewyobilobis darRvevas. rogorc herakliteseuli 

logosi aris samyaros harmoniuli Sewyobilobis sazomi (µέτρο), aseve 

adamianSi aris harmoniulobis bunebiTi logosi, romelic aris samerTeba 

RmerTis nebeloba, anu SemoqmedebiTi energiulobis winaazrovnebiTi 

sawyisi. aseTi disharmonia iwvevs samyaros morgebulobis moSlasac. 

swored aseTi gaumarTavobisas vlindeba boroteba, rogorc 

disharmoniuli nakli. buneba, romelic ar “muSaobs” masSi CaTesili 

logosis mixedviT, avlens defeqts, rogorc codvasa da borotebas. 

magram sruli boroteba ar arsebobs da verc iarsebebda, radgan am 

SemTxvevaSi iqneboda bunebis sruli moSla da ganadgureba Tavdapirveli 

sikeTis, anu xatisebrobis, rac, Tavis mxriv, iqneboda RmerTis 

winaazrovnebis gacudeba da ganqarveba – es ki maqsimesaTvis SeuZlebelis 

daSvebaa. amdenad, marTalia, buneba daswyisSive ganidrika bunebiTi 

logosidan, magram sruliad ar moswyda mas. adamiani dgas gzis 

625 am frazisa da zogadad siyvarulisa da trfialebis cnebebis urTierTmimarTebis 

Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi ix. А. И. Сидоров, Коментарии, Преподобный Максим 

Исповедник… 357-358. 


195

gasayarze: mas SeuZlia airCios, rac SeiZleba mWidrod misdios Sinagan 

kanons, anu bunebiT logoss, an sruliad ganidrikos misgan. aseT 

arCevans ewodeba jerCineba, anu dacemuli pirovnuli neba – gnomikuri 

neba. miuxedavad aseTi ormagi SesaZleblobisa, saRvTo gangebulebaSi ar 

Sedis adamianSi adamianurobis ganqarvebisaken miSveba. RmerTsityvis 

gankacebiT kacobrivi buneba da misiT mTeli qmnileba aRwevs Tavis 

saboloo gansazRvrulobas, anu ganRmrTobas. adamians misterialuri 

gziT nebayoflobiTad SeuZlia, CaerTos RmerTsityvis Sedgenil 

hipostasSi ganRmrTobil zogad adamianur bunebaSi. misterialuri CarTva 

gulisxmobs asketur da SemecnebiT moRvaweobasac. adamianis sicocxlis 

samive es aspeqti gardauvalia, anu imdenadaa urTierTdakavSirebuli, rom 

nebismieri maTganis ganuviTarebloba iwvevs danarCeni oris (da, amdenad, 

mTlianad adamianis) degradirebas. magram, nebismieri maTganis 

ganviTareba gulisxmobs danarCeni oris ganviTarebasac. es SeiZleba 

CaiTvalos maqsimes Teologiis optimistur mxared. xolo, Tavis mxriv, es 

samive Tavs iyris erT umaRles misteriaSi, romelsac maqsime uwodebs 

siyvarulis trfialebas, rac gonieri sigiJis (σώφρονα µάνιαν) igiveobrivia. 

amrigad, RvTisSemecneba Tavis umaRles safexurze aris trfialebis 

eqstazuri mania. 

196

4. pirovnebacentruli, anu decentruli evqaristiuloba 

Sesavali 

zemoT mravalgzis aRvniSneT qristeSi qmnilebis 

Tavmoyris/anakefaleosisis da “kvlavaRdgenis”/apokatastasis Sesaxeb. am 

TavSi SevecdebiT, mcired ganvavrcoT es Tema da davukavSiroT igi 

RmerTSemecnebis evqaristiulobis sakiTxs, xolo, Tavis mxriv, es 

ukanaskneli _ eklesiis “samociquloobas”, rogorc evqaristiuli 

anTropologiis aucilebel aspeqts. 

4.1. apokatastasisi, rogorc evqaristiuli movlena 

maqsime Talasesadmi 7-Si ganmartavs petres epistolis erT (1petre 4.6) 

pasaJs. es pasaJi Seexeba qristes jojoxeTSi Casvlas. vinc qristes 

mosvlamde gardaicvala tkivilebsa da tanjvaSi, ambobs maqsime, daisajnen 

ara imis gamo, rom ar icnobdnen RmerTs, aramed imitom, rom erTmaneTs 

usamarTlod eqceodnen. maTTvis sakmarisi iyo tkivilSi gardacvalebis es 

sasjeli da amitom qristes maTTan CasvliT gaTavisufldnen, irwmunes 

ra igi. maSasadame, maqsimesaTvis mTavari, anu is, rac miiReba 

mxedvelobaSi adamianis xvedris gansazRvrisas, aris adamianis adamianTan 

mopyroba, anu siyvaruli an usiyvaruloba. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, mas, 

visac uyvars Tanaadamiani, igi icnobs RmerTs da visac ara – ar icnobs 

mas (RmerTs). 627 aseve, cxadia, rom maqsimesaTvis miwier tkivlilebsa da 

gansacdelebs, iseve, rogorc jojoxeTis tkivilebs, aqvT adamianis 

dacemuli bunebis gamomasworebeli, anu aRmdgeneli xasiaTi 628 – tanjva 

exmareba adamians, rom moegos gons 629 , irwmunos, anu Seiyvaros da 

amgvarad moipovos Tavisufleba da cxovndes. 

kiTxva-pasuxis 189-e monakveTSi maqsime laparakobs codvaTa 

mitevebis oTx saxeobaze. erT-erTi saxeobis mixedviT, RmerTi 

627 Sdr. Αρχ. Βασίλειος (Γοντικάκης), Εισοδικόν, Άγιος Ορος 1993, 23: “rwmenas, rogorc ndobasa da 

TviTmitovebas RmerTSi, aqvs bevri saerTo siyvarulTan, romelic Tavad RmerTia. 

amrigad, roca giyvars da winadaegebi (Tavs miuZRvni), ramdenadac metad SegiZlia, sxvas 

(meores), Sens Zmas _ qristes _ da Calev (warmocli) winadagebaSi (msxverplad) Tavad 

Sens Tavs RmerTSi, maSin icnob mas (RmerTs): gwams da izrdeba Seni rwmena”. 

628 Ил. Алфеев, Христос победитель ада, Санкт-Петербург 2001, 110. 

629 Sdr. Я. В. Парусимова, Философский анализ категории “страдиние”: гносеологический аспект, Вестник 

ОГУ 5/2003, 20-22. statia ar ayenebs rwmenisa da siyvarulis sakiTxs Tu ara mxolod 

gakvriT, magram, Cveni azriT, mniSvnelovania, rom igi codna/Semecnebas yovelTvis 

ukavSirebs tkivils. tkivili gamowveulia imiT, rom codnis subieqti acnobierebs 

Tavisi codnis ukmarobas. xolo arasakmarisi codna ki, Tavis mxriv, tkivilis 

ukmarobaze metyvelebs. 

197

gangebulebiT zrunavs adamianze da gansacdelebiT, gaWirvebiTa da 

avadmyofobebiT ganwmends niadag mcodvels. magram umaduroba, urwmunoeba 

da uRmerTooba iTvleba suliwmidis gmobad da, amitom, isini 

miuteveblebi arian momaval sicocxleSic ki. 630 

sxva adgilas maqsime ambobs, rom RmerTis samarTlianoba aris 

itanjos erTma adamianma meorisaTvis, romelic codavs. 631 mociquli pavle, 

ambobs maqsime, aseT samarTlianobas eziara da nebayoflobiT mieca 

satanas, anu qristesTan erTad Cavida jojoxeTSi, raTa gadaerCina iq 

myofi ebraelebi, romlebic itanjebodnen iq urwmunoebis gamo (υπέρ της εις 

Θεόν αυτών απιστίας). 632 magram “ulmobeli aris tanjva (κόλασιν, jojoxeTi)” 633 

maTTvis, vinc ganzraxviT codaven da ar inanieben, anu ar “gadaiazreben” 

Tavis mdgomareobas drois gasvlis Semdeg. miuxedavad amisa, ambobs 

maqsime sxva kiTxvaze pasuxisas, aseTi codvilebic gaTavisufldebian 

Seunelebeli tanjvisagan, Tuki samsjavrosas samarTlis sasworis TefSma 

gadaixara im mxareze, romelzec Zevs codvilis sicocxleSi Cadenili 

sikeTeebi. anu, Tuki mavani mcodveli, romelic ar icnobs RmerTs, iqms 

sikeTes adamianis mimarT, is momaval saukuneSi miiRebs Sendobas. 634 

daismis kiTxva: sabolood ra xdeba, mieteveba adamians urwmunoeba, 

umaduroba da uRmerToba Tu ara? erTi mxriv, urwmunoeba ar ikurneba 

arasodes, xolo meore mxriv, Tuki adamians aqvs Cadenili sakmarisi 

keTili saqmeebi, igi gamoixsneba satanjvelisagan. amasTan erTad, 

630 Μάξιµος Οµολογητής, Ερωταποκρίσεις 189, ΕΠΕ 14 Α, Θεσσαλονίκη 1992, 258-262. 

631 Μάξιµος Οµολογητής, Ερωταποκρίσεις Α, 11... 287. Sdr. B. Sijakovich, On Nature of Evil... 104. 

bogoliub JijaoviCis azriT, borotebisagan gadarCenis erTaderTi gza aris, giyvardes 

sxva im zomamde, rom aiRo pasuxismgebloba mis sakuTar siboroteze 

632 Μάξιµος Οµολογητής, Ερωταποκρίσεις Α, 4... 280-282: “[kiTxva:] ra aris mociqulisagan Tqmuli 

‘anaTema (ανάθεµα, wyevla) iyos qristesagan Cemi naTesavebisaTvis’ (Sdr. rom. 9,3)? [pasuxi:] 

vloculob (Ηυχόµην), ambobs, qristesagan gadavece eSmaks, vigvemo da israelisaTvis 

satanjvelni daviTmino, romlebic samarTlianad miecnen RmerTisadmi urwmunoebisaTvis, 

oRond isini cxovndnen. imave gziT, romliTac Tavad ufalma ‘gadasca Tavis Tavi da 

gaxda CvenTvis wyevla’ (Sdr. 2kor 5,21)”. es locva (ηυχόµην) igivea, ambobs maqsime, rac is 

wyevla, romelic qriste gaxda adamianebisaTvis (igulisxmeba, wyevlac locvis, anu 

survilis formaa. ase vTqvaT, sakralizirebuli survili aris locva). xolo es wyevla 

aris jojoxeTi, anu qriste gaxda jojoxeTi adamianebisaTvis. maqsimes mixedviT, pavlec 

gaxda am jojoxeTis monawile. es ki niSnavs, rom qristeSi gaerTianebulia mTeli 

xiluli da uxilavi samyaro da Tavs iyris mis sxeulad (ix. zemoT fotios didis 

citata). yvela adamiani qristeSi monawileobs qristes yvela moqmedebaSi da rom arsad 

gadis sazRvari qristes samefosa da jojoxeTs Soris, radgan yvelgan misi samefoa, da 

yvelani _ am samefos qveSemdgomebi (eklesiis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb ix. g. frolovski, 

eklesiaTa sazRvrebis Sesaxeb, eklesiis sazRvrebi, gam. kvirioni, Tbilisi 2000, 1-14; iqve 

n. afanasievi, eklesiaSi miReba sqizmaturi da eretiuli sazogadoebebidan, 101-135 

633 Μάξιµος Οµολογητής, Ερωταποκρίσεις Α, 5... 282. 

634 Μάξιµος Οµολογητής, Ερωταποκρίσεις Α, 10... 286 da iqve 189, 260. 

198

mociquli pavle (maqsimes pasuxis mixedviT) mzadaa (ηυχόµην, loculobs, 

natrulobs), qristesTan erTad Cavides jojoxeTSi, oRond ebraelebs 

mietevoT urwmunoeba. amaoa pavles ganzraxva? ar Seismens mis locvas 

qriste? 

maqsimesaTvis, iseve rogorc saeklesio tradiciisaTvis, qriste 

yvelgan myofia. 635 RmerTsityva Tavisi TandaswrebiT aRavsebs samyaros. igi 

Tanamyofobs jojoxeTSi tanjulebTanac (jojoxeTSi, ra Tqma unda, ar 

igulisxmeba raime konkretuli adgili, igi mxolod adamianis garkveul 

mdgomareobas aRwers). metic, maqsimes miaCnia, rom jojoxeTSi Casvla ara 

mxolod ar aris qristes erTjeradi aqti, aramed is aris TiToeuli 

morwmunis movaleobaa: 

“rodesac sulierma adamianma icis, rom RmerTis logosi unaklod arsebobs 

yovelgan, mas (logoss) mihyveba TeoriiT da gonierebiTad moimkis 

yovelives Sesaxeb winaazrovnebis codnas. amrigad, rodesac logosi Cadis 

jojoxeTSi, isic Cadis masTan erTad, ra Tqma unda, ara cudisaTvis, aramed 

raTa gamoikvlios da Seiswavlos RmerTis jojoxeTSi Casvlis misteria da 

icodes iq momxdaris (γινοµένων) da qmnadis (επιτελουµένων) zebunebiTi logosi 

(azri) {icodes is, rac iq xdeba da iqmneba imis zebunebiTi logosi}”. 636 

635 mag., ioane oqropiri xazs usvams qristes jojoxeTSi Casvlis sayovelTao xasiaTs. 

samyaros ukiduresi (xarisxobrivad) nawili aivso zeciT: “jojoxeTi gaxada zeca, 

radgan sadacaa qriste, iqaa zecac”. qristes Tandaswreba yvelganaa da 

yovlismomcvelia, radgan igi erT Tavis sxeulad, anu eklesiad SeakavSirebs yovelives. 

samyaroSi aRar darCa RmerTsityvis Tandaswrebisagan carieli are. TviT carieli 

saflavic ki, anu Tavad jojoxeTi, oqropiris azriT, qristes evqaristiuli 

Tandaswrebis adgiladaa qceuli: “Cven cariel saflavTan wardgomas ki ar velodebiT, 

aramed Tavad im trapezTan, romelzec kravi wevs”. miwis guli iqca eklesiis gulad, anu 

evqaristiad (ioane oqropiri, Εις το όνοµα του κοιµητηρίου και εις τον σταυπρόν του Κυρίου, Β΄ PG 

49,396). Sdr. ioane damaskeli, Λόγος εις το αγ. Σάββατον: “am wyvdiadSi uflis saRvTo da 

yovladwminda suli, romelic gamoeyo samRvdlo da sicocxlismqmnel sxeuls, miwis 

gulSi Cavida”; grigol noseli, Περί της τριήµερου προθεσµίας εν τάφω, Άπαντα τα έργα. Τ. 10. ΕΠΕ 103. 

Θεσσαλονίκη, 1990, 452: “am mcire drois ganmavlobaSi ikmara yovladZlierma sibrZnem, iyo 

ra miwis gulSi is didi goneba, iq (miwis gulSi) mcxovrebi, gaecurebina... radgan 

gonebis saxli aris guli..., amisaTvis Cadis miwis gulSi ufali...”. anu, adamianis guli, 

miwis (samyaros) guli da eklesiis guli (evqaristia) aris adamianisa da RmerTis 

samyaroSi aqtiurobis erTi da igive toposi. 

636 sxvadasxva siZnele... 141 PG 91, 1384BC. Sdr. iqve 142, PG 91, 1384D: “ormagi qvedadablebis 

(καταβάσεως, Casvlis) azris mokle gageba aris, pirveli fenis (επιβολήν) mixedviT, 

jojoxeTSi Camavali (κατελθόντα) logosis mier SesaZlebelia sulebis sxeulebTan erTad 

xsna rwmenisa da miwaze sufTa cxovrebis gatarebis gamo, xolo sxeulebis gareSe 

iqauri (anu jojoxeTSi myofi) adregardacvlili sulebis mxolod rwmenis gamo SeZena 

(περιποιείσθαι, ixsnas); meores mixedviT, cudis Cvevac da energiac logosis mier miiRebs 

siqvelisaken da codnisaken kvlavaRsvlas”. aq imis garda, rom saxezea mimReobebis 

(περιποιείσθα, κατελθόντα) awmyo droebi, rac mianiSnebs RmerTsityvis yovelgan marad 

moqmedebas, sainteresoa is garemoebac, rom boroti Cvevac da moqmedebac ki ar 

nadgurdeba, aramed “aRdgeba” da ara mxolod aRdgeba da ganiwmideba, aramed 

“aRiyvaneba”, romelic dausrulebeli codnis SeZenis procesia. anu, araferi ikargeba da 

TviT borotebac SeiZleba ganwmendiT transformirdes sikeTed da iqces RmerTis 

SenaZenad, anu misi sxeulis nawilad. (cnebisaTvis ormagiQqvedadableba ix. grigol 

RvTismetyvelis 45-e sityva; origenes Contra Celsium 2,43; am sakiTxis kosmiuri mniSvnelobis 

Sesaxeb ix. Ил. Алфеев, Христос победитель ада… 69-71; Ι. Ν. Καρµίρης, Η εις Άδου κάθοδος Ιησού 

Χριστού, Αθηνα 1939, 93-94.) 

199

momxdarisa da qmnadis logosi aris RmerTsityvaSi. igi (RmerTsityva) 

arsebobs jojoxeTSic da qmedebs iq (ix. mimReobebis γινοµένων da 

επιτελουµένων awmyo dro). adamiani Cadis iq Tavisi gonebiT da, ra Tqma unda, 

ara ubralo cnobismoyvareobis gamo. igi mTeli arsebiT ganicdis, rac iq 

xdeba. es ki niSnavs imas, rom adamiani Seimecnebs RmerTs mxolod maSin, 

rodesac igi mas Cahyveba satanjvelSi da rCeba masTan erTad iq. amrigad, 

jojoxeTSi Casvla ar aris erTjeradi istoriuli faqti, aramed igi 

gangrZobadi movlenaa TiToeuli adamianiT/adamianSi – undaT maT es Tu 

ara. anu Cadis morwmune jojoxeTSi, raTa imonawileos saRvTo 

samarTlianobaSi, rac (samarTlianoba) niSnavs qristes warmocarielebiT 

siyvaruls. Tumca RmerTis urwmuno uaryofs am SeTavazebul siyvaruls. 

amrigad, urwmunoebas, umadurobasa da uRmerTobas uaryofiTi mimarTeba 

aqvs RmerTis siyvarulTan da, piriqiT, maT, visac uyvars RmerTi da misi 

qmnileba, tkivilebiT ganikurneba yovelgvar situaciaSi – TviT 

jojoxeTSic ki. gvaqvs ra mxedvelobaSi yovelive es, wavikiTxoT 

Talasesadmi 7–is variantuli teqsti kiTxva-migebidan: 

“[warRvnis dros adamianebi] iyvnen RmerTis sruli ucodinrebi [...] is, 

rac sakuTari Tavis mimarT (anu erTmaneTis winaaRmdeg) scodes, is [ukve] 

mietevaT maT yoveli maTze mowevnuli gansacdelebiT, omebiT, 

TavdasxmebiTa da mravalgvari SemTxveulebis [gancdis, daTmenis gamo]. 

mis [RmerTis] mimarT ucodinrobis da upativcemulobis (ασεβείας, 

umsasaxureblobis, keTilukrZalvelobis) codvebi ar mietevaT maT, raTa, 

rodesac igi [RmerTi] kacTmoyvareobis gamo jojoxeTSi Cavida, mis 

mimarT rwmeniT _ romlebmac irwmunes [ra Tqma unda] _, mietevoT maT 

keTilukrZalvelobis codva da icocxlon RmerTis Sesabamisad sulSi, 

daisajen ra [ukve], cxadia, xorciT, rogorc naTqvamia, adamianebis mimarT 

Cadenili uyuradRebobis (πληµµελειών, codvebis) gamo”. 637 

keTilukrZalveloba mietevebaT, Tuki irwmunes da rwmena ki SesaZlebeli 

iyo jojoxeTSi, sul mcire, erTxel mainc, rodesac iq Cavida qriste. 

magram Cven zemoT vnaxeT, rom jojoxeTSi Casvla gangrZobiTi movlenaa. 

xolo, Tuki jojoxeTSi Casvla aris adamianis droSi gangrZobili 

“kvlavSeqmna” da gardasaxva, romelic gulisxmobs imavdroulad samyaros 

ganviTarebas, rac aris mWidrod dakavSirebuli eklesiis maradiulobis 

istoriulobasTan 638 da, amave dros, jojoxeTis karni arian Semusvrilni, 

637 Μάξιµος Οµολογητής, Ερωταποκρίσεις Α, 37... 304. 

638 Sdr. ∆. Στανιλοάε, Τα προβλήµατα και οι προοπτικές της ορθόδοξης θεολογίας, Θεολογία και Εκκλησία, Αθήνα 

XXXX, 208: “marTlmadidebluri Teologia gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, gavigoT RmerTsa 

da adamians Soris urTierTobis misteria. [...] magram gvjera, rom samecniero ganviTareba 

da winsvla realurad iwvevs, vlaparakobT zogadad, adamianiuri sulis winsvlasa da 

200

maSin yovel urwmunos aqvs Sansi, rom Seicnos qriste ukve jojoxeTSi. 

anu, igi Seicnos, Seiyvaros da, amrigad, mas “madlobdes”. da kvlav, Tuki 

Secdomebi mietevebaT tanjvis gamo da samarTlis sasworze aiwoneba 

Tanaadamianis mimarT gamovlenili siyvarulis an ugulebelyofis 

konkretuli saqmeebi da axlobelis siyvaruli aTavisuflebs jojoxeTis 

tanjvisagan da, amasTan erTad, rogorc vnaxeT, is, rac acxovnebs, rwmenaa, 

maSin yoveli adamianis (warmomavlobisa da sarwmunoebis miuxedavad) 

keTili saqmeebi aris swored macxovnebeli rwmenis gamovlineba (es 

imitom, rom rogorc am naSromSi zemoT vnaxeT, yovelive sikeTe, TviT 

ukidures barbarosebSic ki, aris suliwmidis moqmedeba. suliwmidis 

moqmedebaa aseve rwmenac). magram, Tuki adamians boroti saqmeebi isedac 

mieteveba tkiviliT, romelsac yvelani gaivlian “am” an “im” cxovrebaSi, 

maSin sasworze, albaT, aRaraferi unda rCebodes keTili saqmeebis 

garda. 639 

ganviTarebas. Cveni epoqis adamianSi Cven vxedavT aseTi saxis dajerebulobas, radgan 

marTlmadideblobas yovelTvis sjeroda yvela epoqis adamianis. mas swamda, rom, erTi 

mxriv, ar SeuZlia, SezRudos igi yovelgvari dacemisagan ‘wminda fizikur’ (natura pura) 

mdgomareobaSi (anu SeuZlebelia adamianSi mkacrad gamijnos cudi da kargi) an 

Semoragvos igi mxolod amqveyniuri sazrunavisa da interesis sazRvrebiT da, meore 

mxriv, ar SeiZleba iyos misi dacemuli buneba imgvarad wamxdari, rom misi (adamianis) 

yoveli azri da moqmedeba da mTeli misi arseboba iyos mTlianad codvili [...] da 

SiSvldebodes metad da metad sulieri cxovrebisagan”. aseve Sdr. Ν. Ματσούκα, Ιστορία της 

βυζαντινής φιλοσοφίας, Θεσσαλονίκη 2001, 256-258: “bizantiurma Teologiam da filosofiam 

warmoadgina istoriis ukiduresad saintereso da dramatuli msvleloba. [...] upirveles 

yovlisa, SeimuSava Sesaqmis iseTi Teoria (ktistologia), romelSic igulisxmeboda 

yoveli movlena imgvarad, rogorc mas gansazRvravda saeklesio erToba saRvTo 

gangebulebis istoriaSi Tavisi sicocxliT da azrovnebiT. [...] amrigad... 

marTlmadidebluri tradicia xatavs momavlis siRrmeebisaken dinamiuri da, ra Tqma 

unda, SeuCerebeli winsvlis xats. laparakia erT maradiul xdomadobaze”. aseve Sdr. Ν. 

Ματσούκα, Κόσµος, άνθρωπος, κοινωνία… 302: “arc RmerTi aris ucxo samyarosaTvis da arc 

samyaro RmerTisaTvis. RmerTSi, anu qmnilebaTa logosebSi samyaro Seuneleblad 

miemarTeba srulyofilebisaken. amgvarad, radgan yvelaferi moiazreba erT mTlianobaSi, 

samyaros, iseve rogorc adamianis, moqmedebis yovel nawilsa da nakvTSi arsebobs 

dinamiuri winsvla da moZraoba RmerTis gegmisa da gangebulebis ganxorcielebisaken”. 

anu, qmnileba adamianTan erTad da adamianiT miemarTeba dasasrulisaken da am 

msvlelobas ewodeba istoria. am ori avtoris idea istoriuli progresis Sesaxeb, 

SeiZleba hgavdes modernistul optimizms. es arc unda iyos gasakviri Tundac imitom, 

rom modernis erT-erTi safuZveli qristianobaa, romelic aRiarebs telosis, Tundac 

dausrulebuli da dinamiuri esqatologiis saxiT, gardauvlobas. anu, istoria aris 

codva-madlis liturgiuli erToba. adamiani viTardeba oriveSi erTad da xolo cudi, 

rogorc naleqi, ise ganiwmideba da rCeba sikeTe. 

639 cnebisaTvis αποκατάσταση maqsimesTan ix. An. Andreopoulos, Eschatology and final restoration 

(apokatastasis) in Origen, Gregory of Nyssa and Maximos the Confessor, Penn Humanities Forum School of Arts 

and Sciences University of Pennsylvania; aseve Brian E. Daley, restoration (apokatastasis) and “Blessing Silense” 

in eshatology to Maximos the Confessor, Maximus Confessor - Actes du Symposium sur Maxime le Confeseur, 

Fribourg, 2-5 september 1980; Edites par Felix Heinzer et Christoph Scönborn, Editions Universitaires, Fribourg 

Suisse, 1982. orive mkvlevari Tanxmdeba, rom “[t]he apophatic ‘honor by silence’ in Maximos' writings, 

seems more correct than any treatise on the subject. The restoration of all however, a valid possibility according to 

the Church, although not a doctrine”. 

201

meore, rac gvinda, rom davumatoT, aris: “vfiqrob samoTxe niSnavs 

adamianis guls, RmerTis codnis aRmosavleTSi darguls”. 640 Tanamedrove 

berZeni Teologi nikolaos ludovikosi, ikvlevs ra mistagogias, wers: 

“sulis Zalebis, anu ganzomilebebis Tanaarsoba da saeklesio niWebis 

(qarizmebis) (samRvdelo xarisxi an nebismieri saqmianoba eklesiaSi –k.k) 

da moqmedebebis Tanaarsoba erTmaneTs ukavSirdeba mWidrod, 

ganucalcalkaveblad da absoluturad. sulis TiToeuli Zala aris 

arsebobrivad Zalmosili, rogorc mTeli sulis RmerTSi erTianobis 

xati, radgan mxolod aseTi erTianoba aqvs miznad. yoveli saeklesio 

moqmedeba, anu qarizma aris sulierad Zalmosili mxolod rogorc 

gamoCineba TiToeuli konkretuli saRvTo energiisadmi msgavsebis 

sisavsis, romelsac (konkretuli energiis, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs 

mTeli saRvTo energiis sisavses) igi Seesabameba, radgan mxolod mas 

gamoxatavs”. 641 

anu, erTi mxriv, sulis nebismieri gamovlineba mxolod maSin moqmedebs 

sulis sasikeTod da holiturad, rodesac igi harmoniaSia danarCen 

ZalebTan. es ki xdeba mxolod sulis RmerTTan erTianobisas. xolo 

RmerTTan erTianobaSia suli mxolod evqaristiulad, anu rodesac igi 

erTiania mTel eklesiasTan. meore mxriv, yovel suls aqvs Tavisi adgili 

eklesiis sxeulSi da yovel am adgils Seesabameba Tavisi konkretuli 

saRvTo energia. magram, saRvTo energiis Tviseba isaa, rom nebismier mis 

gamovlinebaSi is sruladaa mocemuli, anu erTdroulad konkretuli da 

gansxvavebulicaa da ganuyoflad erTianic. maSasadame, is, rac xdeba erT 

sulSi, uciloblad xdeba mTel sxeulSi, radgan swored mTeli sxeulia 

madlis sisavse. 642 eklesia ki, rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, Tavis mxriv, baZavs 

RmerTs yoveli qmnili arsebis erTmaneTTan ganuyofeli Tanaarsobrivi 

urTierTobis ganxorcielebaSi. 643 ai, ras ambobs maqsime: 

“sami aris sulis Zala, azrovneba (logika), gzeba da ndomoba: 

mamakacebad igulisxmeba azrovneba, dedakacebad _ ndomoba da gvelad _ 

gzeba. sacodnelad (επιγνώσει, Sesacnobelad) aRdgeba da ganaxldeba 

(αποκαθίστανται) momaval saukuneSi sami es Zala 644 : swored maT gamo 

640 Μάξιµος Οµολογητής, Ερωταποκρίσεις 44... 76. 

641 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Αποφατική Εκκλησιολογία … 75-76. 

642 es ki, Tavis mxriv, niSnavs, rom saeklesio ierarqias araviTari aRmatebuloba da 

Zalaufleba ar gaaCnia arc erTmaneTis mimarT da arc eklesiis danarCeni wevrebis 

mimarT. aRmatebuloba mxolod diakoniaSia, anu Tavdadebis da TviTwarmocalierebis 

pasuxismgeblobaSi. 

643 ix. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Αποφατική Εκκλησιολογία … 71-72. 

644 e.i. es Zalebi kvlav daubrundebian iseT mdgomareobas, rodesac erTmaneTTan 

harmoniulad Sewyobilni iqnebian erTiani Tanaarsobrivad Semcnobeli/codnis Zalad. 

erTi mxriv, sulis swored aseTi mdgomareobis aRsadgenad ganxorcielda RmerTsityva. 

meore mxriv ki, sulis amgvari mdgomareoba mxolod maSin miiRweva, rodesac es 

aRdgenis procesi imavdroulad gulisxmobs mTeli qmnilebis aRdgenas. 

202

ufalma sicocxlismqmneli (ζωοποιόν, cxovelmyofeli) vneba da 

jojoxeTSi Casvla Tavs ido”. 645 

maSasadame, sulis aRorZinebas Tan sdevs samyaros apokatastasi, 

romlisganac ar gamoiricxeba Tavad gveli, anu satana. jojoxeTSi 

qristes CasvliT Seikvreba eklesia, romelsac Tavis ubeSi hyavs Tavad 

satanac. amrigad, eklesias Tavis TavSi hyavs jojoxeTic. es ki niSnavs, 

rom samoTxe, romelic aris adamianis guli, moicavs jojoxeTs, rogorc 

samyaros tanjvas. xolo eklesiis guli aris evqaristiuli Sekreba, sadac 

aRorZindeba misi Zalebi. amdenad, evqaristia aris toposi ara mxolod 

sixarulis, aramed Tanalmobis, sibralulis, Zalisxmevis, mizansacdenis 

riskis (Sdr. evqaristiul locvas: “ara sasjelad gina dasasjelad...”). es 

swored is riskia, romelic gaswia RmerTma, rodesac Seqmna adamiani. am 

riskma miiyvana igi (RmerTi) jvarcmasa da jojoxeTSi Casvlamde (rasac 

TavisTvis natrobda moc. pavle, oRond Tavisi Zmebi gadaerCina). amrigad, 

sulis SemecnebiTi Zalebis aRdgena imavdroulad niSnavs adamianis 

arsebobriv aRdgenasac, 646 anu RmerTis codna ar gulisxmobs mxolod 

maradiulobis sixaruls, aramed drois tanjvasac. aq ismis kiTxva, Tuki 

aRdgoma moicavs jojoxeTSi Casvlas, rogorc saRvTo siyvarulis, anu 

misi arsebobis gvaris gamovlinebas da es ori veranairad ver 

daSoriSordeba, xom ar niSnavs es, rom Tuki daviJinebT maradiuli 

sasjelis Sesaxeb swavlebas, anu, Tu tanjva xdeba maradiuli, maSin 

qristec jvarcmuli da jojoxeTSi da, metic, Tavad jojoxeTad, rCeba 

maradiulad? amgvarad xom ar iqceva sadomazoxisti mtarvali Tavad 

RmerTis xatad? 

RmerTis Secnoba gulisxmobs sulis Zalebis aRdgomas. es, Tavis 

mxriv, niSnavs adamianis apokatastasiss. xolo es ukanaskneli ki 

gulisxmobs qmnili samyaros RmerTSi dabrunebas. Tuki individualuri 


646 Г. Фроловский, Прп. Максим Исповедник... 226: “ Бог подаст и вернет грешникам все, чего они 

лишились через грех, восстановит их души в полноте естественных сил и способностей. Они получат 

способность духовного ведения и нравственной оценки. Они познают Бога. Может быть, они даже потеряют 

память греха и придут к Богу, - в некоем разумении, τή έπιγνώσει. Νо не примут причастия Его благ, оύ τή 

µεθέξει τών άγαθών. Только праведные способны вкусить и насладиться ”. Sdr. Devid Tracy, Saving From 

Evil: Salvation and Evil Today, Conilium, 1998/1, Edited by Hermann Haring and David Tracy. SCM Press, 

London and Orbis Book, Mary knoll 1998, p. 108: “1. There is no experience without some understanding; 2.every 

act of understanding is itself an act of interpretation. This means that a Christian experiences and interprets these 

salvific experiences as both gift and task from God; 3. These experiences disclose as well to well to the Christian 

who we are and we can become”. 

203

sulis Zalebis aRdgena ar moxerxda, maSin am suls eqneba RmerTis 

Secnoba, magram ver eziareba mas (µέθεξη, θέωση), 647 radgan misi Zalebis 

erTianobis darRveuloba mas ar miscems saSualebas, gaamTlianos da 

“gaagonieros” danawevrebulad aRqmuli. mas dakarguli eqneba 

eqsistencialuri erTianoba, anu namdvili pirovnuloba. isini iqnebian 

xatisebri, magram veranairad _ msgavsebisebri, anu pirovneba. ukidures 

SemTxvevaSi isini iqnebian, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, cxovelis, “sulieris” 

an udrood gardacvlili Cvilis xarisxSi. magram es mxolod Cveni 

varaudia (Teologumeni), anu “saswaulis molodini”... 648 

4.2. droisa da maradiulobis erTianoba evqaristiul RvTisSemecnebaSi 

zemoTqmulTan dakavSirebiT gvinda, ganvixiloT droisa da maradiulobis 

mimarTeba, RmerTSemecnebasTan. mistagogiis Sesavlis mixedviT adamianebs 

aqvT “bunebrivi ganwyobileba” (έφεσιν έξεως, wadilis unari) saRvTosadmi. 

maT SeuZliaT Tu surT, avarjiSon da ganaviTaron es unari. magram es 

unda akeTon mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi, raTa es ganwyobileba 

transformirdes siyvarulismier Zlier wadilSi (πόθω), romliTac RmerTi 

TavisTan ipyrobs (κατέχει, iWers) am wadilis mqoneT. es aris sameufeo 

xatis apokatastasi, rac aris kidec WeSmariti sicocxle: 

“radgan yovladwminda da namdvilad RvTivganaTlebulma dionise 

areopagelma saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb nawarmoebSi Tavis 

didadgonivrulobis Sesaferisi RirseulobiT ganixila (τεθεωρήται, 

ganWvrita) samRvdelo da wminda Sekrebis (συνάξεως) ritualis 

simboloebic, amitom igulisxmeba, rom maT Sesaxeb ar vlaparakobT (ar 

aris axla sityva) da ar gaivlis imave gzas (sityva 649 ). kadniereba da 

647 Ν. Ματσούκας, Το Πρόβληµα του Κακού. ∆οκίµιο πατερικής θεολογίας, Θεσσαλονίκη 1992, 197, 201-220. 

648 galaktionis leqss saswauls 

Seunde, Seunde, Seunde bnel-codvils 

liucifers, Cems sulSi avobiT mZvinvares, 

liucifers, mrisxane vefxviviT dakodils 

da axla mZinares. 

Seunde, Seunde jojoxeTs – Cems Tvalebs. 

Seunde Cems xelebs, borotad daRaluls, 

me Seni umanko naTeli mawvalebs, 

me veli saswauls. 

649 maqsime aq kvlav sityva logoss iyenebs. xom ar mianiSnebs es imas, rom igi Tavis 

mistagogiasac logosad anu logoss RmerTsityvaSi miiCnevda (konteqsti konteqstSi)? 

aseT SemTxvevaSi Tavad mistagogiis teqsti iqceoda RmerTsityvis xorcSesxmad, anu 

cocxal organizmad, romelic mzamzareul azrebs ki ar iZleva, aramed Sobs azrebs 

mkiTxvelSi; ki ar Caudebs TavSi azrebs, aramed azris dabadebis SesaZleblobis vels 

qmnis; ki ar Zalmomreobs da avtoritarulad ki ar Wedavs gagebas adamianSi, aramed 

mkiTxvelTan erTad gaigebs qristes. magram, Tavis mxriv, es iqneboda cocxali da 

Tavisufali Semoqmedebis are, sadac logosi ki ar Zalmomreobs, aramed, Tavis mxriv, 

igi kvlav ibadeba mkiTxvelSi, anu teqstSi. amrigad, qristes narativi Tavisufali 

204

Tavxedoba da gonwarTmeulobasTan axlos iqneboda mcdeloba, 

gaimeoros vinmem misi (dionises) gakeTebuli da miiTvalos, rogorc 

Tavisi is misteriebi, romlebic suliwmidis mier mxolod dionisesTvis 

RvTiurad iyo gamocxadebuli ([da es] maSin, roca arc ki SeuZlia masTan 

miaxloeba da misi gageba). 650 magram [aq sityva iqneba] imaze, rac sxvebma 

rogorc RmerTis kacTmoyvare nebisagan ise miiRes is, rac misgan 

(dionisesagan) miiRes, imisaTvis, rom ganixilon isini da avarjiSon 

maTiT (anu dionisesagan miRebuliT) Tavisi saRvToTadmi moswrafe 

ganwyoba (κατά την έφεσιν έξεως). da romelTa (dionises mier ganmartebulis) 

mier siyvarulis wadiliT (πόθω) Sepyrobilebs TavisTan (RmerTi) flobs 

(κατέχει), rodesac aRsrulebuli ritualebis yovladnaTeli sxivi maT 

[anu siyvaruliT Sepyrobilebs SesaZleblobis] Sesabamisad Secnobadi 

xdeba gagebuli. [xolo es xdeba imisaTvis, rom] ara sruliad umoqmedo 

da uSromeli iyvnen isini am cxovrebis drois mTel dRes. radgan [amis 

gamo isini] ver miiReben saRvTo mevenaxeobisaTvis sazRauris im sityvas 

(λόγον, logoss), romelic moicema sulieri venaxis sulieri SromisaTvis. 

es sityva aris is, romelic Tavdapirvelad mzakvarma cdunebiT miitaca 

mcnebis darRvevis gamo da romelic aris RvTiuri da samefo xatis 

moneta”. 651 

qmnadobis procesi iqneboda da SegveZlo, gvelaparaka ara qristocentrulobasa da 

logocentrulobaze, aramed erT mTlian samyaros SemoqmedebiT aqtze, sadac yvela 

yoveliveSi Tanabraduflebiania iseve, rogorc wminda samebis warmocarielebiTi 

urTierTsiyvarulisa da urTierTganmsWvalulobis (περιχώρηση) Tanaarsobriv 

paradigmaSi. es iqneboda samyaros decentruli evqaristiuli narativi. 

650 Sdr. Lars Thunberg, Символ и таинство в богословии св. Максима исповедника (Symbol and mystery in st. 

Maximus the confessor), Actes du Symposium sur Maxime le Confeseur, Fribourg, 2-5 september 1980; edites par 

Felix Heinzer et Christoph Schönborn, Editions Universitaires, Fribourg Suisse, 1982, 

http://www.krotov.info/history/07/1980thun.html, http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/russian/thunberg_maxim.html: 

“[maqsime ambobs], rom ar surs, gaimeoros an Seasworos dionises ganmartebuli, magram 

sinamdvileSi, ganmartavs imas, rasac dawvrilebiT ganixilavs dionise”. maqsime, rogorc 

Tavad ambobs, cdilobda, ar darCeniliyo uSromelad da moswrafebiT (έφεσιν) da 

keTilkrZalulebiT (ευσεβώς) avarjiSebda RmerTisadmi Tavis ganwyobilobas (έξεως). igi 

mimarTavda Zalisxmevas, gamoekvlia da ganemarta dionises nawerebSi mocemuli saRvTo 

sibrZne da rogorc misi nawerebidan Cans, ganaviTara da srulyo am ukanasknelis 

namoRvawari. Sdr. mistagogia, Sesavali PG 91,661D: “me warmogidgen imas, rasac 

mexsierebiT vatareb, romelic mxolod bundovnad mesmis da metad bundovnad _ magram 

wyvdiadiT moculis ganmanaTlebeli RmerTis madliT keTilkrZalulebiT (ευσεβώς) _ 

vambob” 

651 mistagogia, Sesavali PG 91,661AB. am pasaJis bolo monakveTSi kvlav saubaria saRvTo 

logosze. am logosis manipulirebis SesaZlebloba mieca satanas codviTdacemisas. es 

is logosia, romelic aerTianebs adamians RmerTTan da danarCen arsebebTan da 

romelic Sromisa da moRvaweobis gziT evqaristiul ZRvnad unda daubrundes RmerTs. 

SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom eSmaki dakargavs Tavis funqcias, rodesac mas waerTmeva 

mitacebuli dinari, radgan eSmakiT saRvTo werili dainteresebulia mxolod istoriul 

konteqstSi, anu mas saRvTo istoriaSi aqvs adgili mxolod rogorc borotmoqmeds. 

saRvTo gangebulebas is ainteresebs mxolod rogorc dinaris mimtacebeli. mas Semdeg, 

rac is dakargavs am dinars, dakargavs Tavis funqciasac. swored samyaros evqaristiul 

erTianobaSi anulirdeba satanas moqmedeba da, metic, swored evqaristiulad 

transformirebad istoriaSi xdeba misi apokatastasic. egnate antioqieli ambobs, rom 

“mravali erTi sxeuli varT qristeSi da masSi ki erTmaneTis nawilebi” (Ιγνάτιος 

Αντιοχείας, Ρωµ. 12,5). “iswrafeT, xSirad SeikriboT RmerTis samadlobelad 

(evqaristiisaTvis) da didebisaTvis. rodesac xSirad ikribebiT (επί τω αυτώ γίνεσθε, xarT 

erTsa da imaveze), nadgurdebian (καθαιρούνται, ganiwmidebian) satanas Zalebi” (Sdr. Ν. 

Ματσούκα, Ο Σατανάς, Θεσσαλονίκη 1999, 11-12). anu, satanas moqmedeba ganiwmindeba maSin, 

rodesac adamianebi Seikribebian erTsa da imave adgilas da gaxdebian qristes erTi da 

imave sxeuli, radgan qristes unaklo sxeulSi aranair nakls adgili ara aqvs. amrigad, 

rodesac ganivrcoba qristes sxeuli da esqatologiurad moicavs samyaros -da 

saeklesio tradiciis mixedviT es aucilebelad asec unda moxdes _, maSin satanas 

moqmedeba sruliad transformirdeba. 

205

amrigad, mxolod mSromelebs exmareba da Seeweva suliwmidis madli, 

radgan rogorc merab mamardaSvili ambobs: “sicocxle aris droSi 

gadaWimuli Zalisxmeva”. grigol noselis TqmiT, is, vinc aris zarmaci da 

ar aviTarebs saRmrToTa Sesaxeb masSi imTaviTve CaTesil codnas 652 da, 

amgvarad, am Canasaxovan codnas amsgavsebs udrood gardacvlil Cvils, 

Tavadac rCeba Canasaxovan mdgomareobaSi ganuviTarebeli. 653 misTvis dro 

TiTqos arc ki yofila. anu, zarmacs da modunebuls ara aqvs dro 654 da, 

amrigad, mas ara aqvs arc sicocxle da aris mkvdari (cocxal-mkvdari). 

maSasadame, dro TavisTavad ar arsebobs. igi arsebobs mxolod jafisa da 

moRvaweobisas, rodesac adamiani Sromobs, mimarTavs Zalisxmevas, anu 

aiZulebs sakuTar Tavs, radgan “caTa samefo iiZuleba” (mT. 11,12). amrigad, 

Tu dro arsebobs, maSasadame, arsebobs sicocxlec, rogorc Zieba da 

aRorZineba bunebaSi CaTesili, anu “STabeWdili” an “Caxatuli” unaris. 

swored amitom, dro aris mWidrod dakavSirebuli maradiulobasTan. 

652 Sdr. ioane damaskeli, marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis zusti gadmocema 1, PG 94,786 

C: “ar dagvtova RmerTma viyoT srul ucodnelobaSi, radgan RmerTis arsebobis codna 

mis mier yvelaSi bunebiTad aris CaTesili”; “rogorc vTqvi, RmerTis arsebobis Sesaxeb 

codna CvenSi bunebiTad aris CaTesili”; “CaiTesa bunebiTi logosi kargis SeTvisebis da 

mavneTagan ganSorebis mCvenebeli”. 

653 Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, Περί των Νηπίων, PG 46, 171: “mociquli ambobs, rom sulieri adamianis 

Tvisebaa, gamoiZios yovelive da aqebs (mociquli) maT, vinc RmerTis madliT 

gamdidrdnen yoveli azriTa da yovelgvari codniT (1kor 2,10,15). vfiqrob, arc 

SesaZlebeli gamokvlevis da arc meti codnis ugulebelyofa aris kargi amis 

(gardacvlili Cvilebis xvedris) Sesaxeb saZiebelis argamocdiT da ganuxilvelobiT. 

[aseve ar aris kargi] am saZiebel sakiTxTan mimsgavsebiT, mis (gardacvlili Cvilebis 

xvedris) Sesaxeb azri waxdes dausruleblobiT da udrood iseve, rogorc axalSobili 

Cvili naTelSi gamosvlamde da momwifebamde, rogorc ram sikvdiliT daRupuli [adamini 

imis gamo, rom] WeSmaritebis gamokvlevisaTvis iyo modunebuli da zarmaci”. zogadad 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gardacvlili Cvili bavSvebis saukuno xvedris Tema raRacnairad 

dakavSirebulia dasavlur-kaTolikuri eklesiis swavlebasTan purgatoriumis, anu 

gansawmendelis Sesaxeb. Tanamedrove rusi Teologis, ilarion alfeevis gamokvlevis 

mixedviT klimenti aleqsandrielTan Cndeba swavleba imis Sesaxeb, rom jojoxeTis 

tanjvebi aris ara damsjeli codvebisaTvis, aramed adamianis matransformirebeli. anu, 

sxeulisagan Tavisufali suli tanjvis saSualebiT ufro kargad xvdeba tkivilis 

daniSnulebas (stromata 6,6). es swavleba iyo Canasaxovani forma imisa, rac SemdgomSi 

ganviTarda grigol noselTan, gvxvdeba isaak asurTan da maqsime aRmsarebelTanac, 

Tumca aRmosavlel mamebSi gamwmendeli cecxlis Sesaxeb swavlebas ar miuRia 

sayovelTao da Camoyalibebuli xasiaTi. dasavleTSi mis Sesaxeb saubrobdnen avgustine 

(37-e fsalmunis ganmart.), romis papi grigol didi da sxvebi, magram man mkafio da 

Camoyalibebuli forma mxolod XIII saukuneSi Tomas akvinelTan miiRo. swored am 

ukanasknelTan gansawmendelis Sesaxeb swavleba ganixileba imave konteqstSi, sadac aris 

unaTlavi Cvilebis xvedris Sesaxeb msjeloba (Hilarion Alfeyev, The Descent of Christ into Hades in 

Eastern and Western Theological Traditions, A lecture delivered at St Mary’s Cathedral, Minneapolis, USA, on 5 

November 2002 (http://orthodoxeurope.org/print/11/1/5.aspx)). gansawmendelis Sesaxeb swavlebis da 

misdami damokidebulebis Sesaxeb marTlmadideblur tradiciaSi ix. А. Волконский, 

Католичество и священное предание восеока, гл. 7. Чистилище, Париж 1933 

654 Sdr. “aRar arsebobs dro” (gamocx. 10,6). 

206

mxolod moRvaweebze gadmodis suliwmidis maradiuli madli. Work in 

progress 655 , anu sicocxle da misi sazrisi mxolod moudunebeli Sromisas 

vlindeba. rogorc merab mamardaSvili ambobda, religiuri teqstebic 

metyveleben, rom arseboba gangrZobili xdeba SromaSi. anu, adamians unda 

uyvardes is, rac iqmneba da Seqmnis procesSia da ara ukve Seqmnili, ara 

RvTiuri (romelic iZleva raRac Zalauflebebs –k.k) aramed RmerTi. aseTi 

viTareba miuTiTebs iseT arsebobaze, romelic aris marad Seqmnis da 

Semoqmedebis procesSi. 656 “maradiuloba aris sicocxle – ambobs dumitru 

staniloae – [...] dro upirispirdeba maradiulobas, anu ar aris misi 

(maradiulobis) dacemuloba. [...RmerTi] gvTavazobs Tavis maradiul 

siyvaruls Cveni drois myisSi [...da], amgvarad, Cveni dro nel-nela ivseba 

SegrZnebadi maradiulobiT”. 657 Tuki adamiani “xels CasWidebs” da 

“moaTvinierebs” dros, maSin SeiZins sicocxlsac, rogorc maradiul 

sazRaurs. yvelaferi gadawydeba axla da aq, udroo momentSi (Sdr. 

cxovrebis drois mTeli dRe – mTeli cxovreba aris erTi dRe, erTi 

momenti), romelic daZabuli ZalisxmeviT da riskiT 658 unda gardaisaxos 

dro/sicocxle/maradiulobad. 

aleqsi losevis mixedviT, drois sisavse aris maradiuloba. dro 

TavisTavad aris aragonieri mdinareba. “gagonierebuli”, moazrebuli es 

mdinareba aris SeZenili dro, logikuri, anu gonieri dro, anu Cemi dro, 

anu maradiuloba. 659 xolo es moazreba SeiZleba iyos myisieri aqti. es 

aqti qaosur mdinarebas aqcevs maradiulobis kalapotad. dro xdeba 

maradiulobis da, amdenad, sicocxlis matarebeli. swored aseTi myisiT 

an myisebiT Semodis droSi maradiuloba da aZlevs adamianis sicocxles 

655 Sdr. m. mamardaSvili, leqciebi fsiqoanalizis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi 1998, 60: “rodesac 

vlaparakobT XX saukunis Tanamedrove filosofiaze, vlaparakobT iseT rameze, rac 

Senebis procesSia da sadac jer kidev ar aris gaformebuli saboloo da zusti 

pasuxebi. [...] es sruliadac ar aris SemTxveviTi, radgan es zogadad axasiaTebs XX 

saukunis azrovnebas. jeims joisma Tavis Ulysses da Finnegans Wake -is Semdeg tyuilad rodi 

uwoda Tavis wignis weris process Work in Progress”. 

656 Mm. mamardaSvili, saubrebi filosofiaze, Tbilisi 1992, 77. 

657 ∆. Στανιλοάε, Ο Θεός είναι Αγάπη, Θεσσαλονίκη 2000, 45, 47, 49, 51. 

658 Sdr. Ed. Moore, Some Notes of Orthodox Ethics and Existential Authenticity, St. Elias School of Orthodox 

Theology: “The self is a work in progress, an effort toward actualization, in which no essence is to be found. 

Essence is, so to speak, the end of the road, the goal achieved. Yet it may easily lead to a gaol - a prison for the soul 

- when it is not approached as the outcome of an ontologically indeterminate project. As St. Paul counseled the 

striving soul, ‘work out your own salvation with fear and trembling’ (Phil 2:12). The fear of the soul, and the source 

of its trembling, is not some sort of physical harm, but the realization that the individual endeavor may come to 

nought, and render the person pointless or meaningless - or, as the Existentialists would say, absurd”. 

659 ix. А. Лосев, Диалектика мифа, Самое само, Москва 1999, 284. 

207

saboloo sazriss, romelic aris qristeSi RmerTSemecneba. RmerTsityvis 

droSi SemosvliT, anu drois SemosviT, dro aRar aris qaosi, aramed 

xsnis istoria. 660 metic, Tu RmerTia maradiuloba, maSin dro xdeba 

maradiulobis istoria, sameba RmerTis sicocxlis ambavi. es narativi 

aris TiToeuli adamianis qristeSi sicocxlis biografia. swored aseTi 

realoba aRiwereba jojoxeTis udroobaSi Casvlis qristianuli miTiT, 

romelic laparakobs sicocxlis wyurviliT (πόθος) xsnis daZabul 

momlodineTa qristeSi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. aseve, erTi avazaki 

cxovnda jvris udroobaSi, radgan swyuroda sicocxle da Seicno 

qristeSi RmerTi, xolo meorem ver Seicno igi da dakarga droc, 

sicocxlec da maradiulobac, radgan droiTi xangrZlivoba araa 

gadamwyveti, aramed _ cnobierebis Zalisxmevis simZafre 661 : 

“RmerTis gansja ara droisa da sxeulis mixedviT xdeba, radgan suli 

aradrouli da usxeuloa da radgan ara aqvs droSi zrda da 

dasasruli, amitom drois gareSe icvleba misi ganwyobileba (κίνησεις της 

διαθέσεως ποιείται, mdgomareobis moZraobas qmnis). kargi iqneboda 

magaliTiT naTqvamis cxadad warmoCena: xSirad zogs samocdaaTi weli 

gautarebia monastruli cxovrebis, zogs ki _ erTi dRe. radgan 

aRTqmulis mizani aris nivTierisagan miswrafebisa da damokidebulebis 

mokveTa da sulis RmerTisaken gadayvana, amitom, erTi mxriv, visac 

samocdaaTi weli aqvs, aranairad ar uzrunavs amgvari uvnebobis 

(apaTiis) gansruleba, xolo, meore mxriv, mas, visac erTi dRe aqvs 

gatarebuli, mTeli misi gonebidan nivTierisaken vnebuli azrovneba 

(διανοίαν, gonmimarTva) moukveTavs da mTlianad RmerTis wiaRSi 

ganusrulebia. [pirveli] momaval samsjavroze sazRauris danawilebisas 

Rirseuls miizRavs, rogorc aRTqmulis mizanis bolos aRmsvleli, 

xolo meore _ mxolod madliT da imitom, rom daiTmina asketuri 

Rvawli”. 662 

660 Αρχιµ. Αιµιλιανός, Κατηχήσεις και λόγοι 4. Θεία λατρεία, προσδοκία και οράσις Θεού, Εκδ. Ορµυλία, 2001, 142- 

150: “rodesac mivdivarT liturgiaze, vemsgavsebiT Zveli aRTqmis winaswarmetyvelebs, 

[...radgan] ganvicdiT (“gavicxovrebT”) Tavad suliwmidis misterias imis gareSe, rom 

kargad da mTlianad SevigrZnoT igi (misteriaa). [...] pirvel rigSi unda vTqvaT, rom 

liturgia ar aris mxolod SegrZneba da sentimentaluri gancda. liturgiis 

WeSmariteba ar aris damokidebuli Cvens SegrZnebaze. [...] Semdeg modian viTarebebi, 

rodesac vgebulobT da vxvdebiT imas, rasac vgrZnobT. [...] vmadlobT RmerTs imisaTvis, 

rac gavigeT da romelSic vcxovrobT [Cvenive gagebul samyaroSi]. [...] liturgiisas 

namdvilad sunTqav zeciuri samoTxis yovel sikeTes da danayrdebi RmerTiT [...] 

imgvarad, rom liturgia aris, CaisunTqo da amoisunTqo yovladwminda sameba. [...] saRvTo 

liturgia aris Sekreba (sinaqsisi), romelic winaswar gvauwyebs da gulisxmobs 

samoTxes, brZolas, dacemas da, amasTan erTad, Cvens gaTavisuflebasac. [...] Tavad 

RmerTma winaiazrovna, daadginos qriste RvTismsaxurebiTi sinaqsisis wiaR istoriaSi 

Tandamswred”. 

661 Sdr. М. Мамардашвили, Как я понимаю философию, М.: Прогресс 1990, 153: “Я, как воплощённая воля, 

реально, телом участвую в том, что станет в мире. [...] Мир таков, что в любой данный момент в нём может 

что-то случиться только с моим участием. [...З]аконы философии и законы здравого смысла диктуют нам, - 

что если каждый в своей жизни сделает что-то с собой сам, то и вокруг что-то сделается... изменится сама 

почва, на которой идёт борьба”. 

662 Sdr. Μάξιµος Οµολογητής, Ερωταποκρίσεις 127... 190. 

208

samocdaaTwliani sicocxle SeiZleba SemWidrovdes erT dRed, anu dro 

iqces myisad da gauxsnas gza maradiulobas, romlis simbolocaa 

momavali samsjavro. mTavari peripetia aRsruldeba “aq”, am droSi da ara 

“iq”. wm. anastasi sineli ambobs: “Cveni [aqauri] sicocxle aris 

dResaswauli (πανηγύρις, savaWro Tavyriloba), Tuki damTavrdeba zeimi, 

veravin verasdros SeZlebs, iq moivaWros sicocxle (πραγµατεύσασθαι)”. 663 

4.3. RvTisSemecneba, rogorc evqaristiuli misia 

zemoT aRvniSneT, rom tkivilis jojoxeTSi Casvla gardauvali momentia 

adamianis cxovrebaSi. am naSromis wina TavSi vnaxeT, rom XIV saukunis 

Teologis, nikolaos kabasilasaTvis qristes jojoxeTSi Casvla igive 

procesia, rac misi miwaze mosvla. anu, es ori movlena erTi movlenis 

aspeqtebia. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, kabasilasa da maqsimesTan saRvTo 

samarTali ukavSirdeba sxva adamianis, codvilis gaTavisuflebisaTvis 

Tavis dadebas. es aris qristes amqveyniuri moRvaweobis gagrZeleba. amaSi 

mdgomareobs eklesiis “samociqulooba” (mrwams... erTi wminda da 

samociqulo eklesia) 664 da ara mxolod imaSi, rom mavansa da mavans aqvs 

mociqulebis xeldasxmis madli (da amitom igi ufro axlosaa RmerTTan 

da yovelgvari pativisa da didebis Rirsia), xolo mavansa da mavans _ ara. 

“mociquloba”, anu misia aris nebismieri Tavisuflebas mowyurebuli 

adamianis gardauvali xvedri. 

axali aRTqmis mixedviT, aRmdgari iesos yoveli gamocxadebis 

mizania Tavisi mowafeebis misionerebad wargzavna. saeklesio swavlebiT, 

yoveli evqaristiuli Sekreba aris Sexvedra aRmdgar iesosTan. amitom 

“evqaristiul sinaqsiss da misias aqvT erTmaneTTan ganuyofeli kavSiri – 

wers Tanamedrove berZeni Teologi ioane skiadaresisi, – pirveli aris 

uflis aRdgomas ziarebuli eklesiis awmyo realoba, xolo meore ki _ 

misi (eklesiis) winmsvleloba. amgvarad, erToba, romelic niadag 

sazrdoobs da eZiebs qristeSi sicocxlis aRmatebul xarisxs, bunebrivad 

vrceldeba da izrdeba, rogorc yovlierebis cocxali sxeuli”. 665 

amrigad, eklesia izrdeba raodenobrivadac da xarisxobrivadac. basili 

663 Αναστάσιος Σιναΐτης, Λόγος Α΄ εις τον έκτον ψαλµόν, ΕΠΕ 13 Γ, 269. 

664 ix. al. Smemani, misioneruli imperativi, eklesiis sazRvrebi, gamomc. kvirioni 2000, 

135-142. 

665 Ιω. Σκιαδαρέσης, Η λατρεία κατά την Κ. ∆ιαθήκη, Πανεπιστήµιο Θεσσαλονίκης 2004, 14. 

209

didi ambobs: “kargi da namdvilad sasargebloa qristes wminda sisxlis 

da xorcis yoveldRiuri miReba da ziareba, anu imisi, vinc cxadad ambobs: 

‘Cemi xorcis mWamels da Cemi sisxlis msmels aqvs maradiuli sicocxle’. 

vis epareba eWvi imaSi, rom [am maradiul] sicocxleSi niadag ziareba aris 

sxva ram, vidre mravlad (πολλαχώς, mravalnairad) sicocxle [droSi]?!” 666 

swored am xarisxobrivad mravalgvarma sicocxlem unda ganmsWvalos 

mTeli samyaros yoveldRiuri sicocxle imisaTvis, rom gaxdes ukve misi 

(samyaros) monapovari. 667 anu, maSin, roca basili didi laparakobs erTi 

da imave mziareblis mier mocemuli sicocxlis mravalgvarad gancdaze, 

anu “gacxovrebaze”, maqsime saubrobs eklesiis mravalferovan 

sicocxleze, rogorc TiToeul mziarebelSi qristes ganxorcielebaze. 668 

Tu SevajerebT orive wmindanis naTqvams, gamova, rom TiToeuli ganicdis 

mravalnairad, da, amasTan erTad, eklesiis sicocxlec gamravldeba 

mravlad TiToeul mziarebelSi. anu, qriste ganxorcieldeba mraval 

pirovnebaSi da es ukanasknelni ki, Tavis mxriv, mravlad 

cxovroben/“gaicxovreben” qristes. es ki niSnavs, rom TiToeul 

morwmuneSi qriste ganxorcieldeba mravalnairad. magram, Tu TiToeuli 

aris qriste da yvela morwmune swored qristes eziareba, gamodis, rom 

morwmuneebi eziarebian erTmaneTs. amrigad, TiToeulSi gamravlebuli 

qristes sicocxle “mravlad ganmravldeba” yvelaSi da am gamravlebas 

ara aqvs dasasruli (mravldeba vertikalurad, anu marad “uaxlovdeba” 

qristeSi RmerTs da mravldeba horizontaluradac, anu marad “moicavs” 

666 Μ. Βασίλειος, Προς καισάριαν πατρικίαν PG 32, 484. 

667 Sdr. Π. Βασιλειάδης, Επίκαιρα αγιογραφικά θέµατα, Θεσσαλονίκη, 2000, 23,28,31-34: “saerTo 

evqaristiuli trapezis monawile morwmuneebi eziarebodnen axal aRTqmas... anu 

eklesias. [...] yovel kvira dRes, romelic uigivdeboda pasqas, morwmuneebi ikribebodnen 

επί το αυτώ (erTsa da imaveze/erTsa da imavesaTvis) [...da] evqaristia iyo TavisTavad 

misiologiuri movlena [..., radgan] eklesiis sxeuls transformirebda erTobad, 

romelic iyo mTeli samyarosaTvis RmerTis samefos avTenturi xati. [...] misiis subieqti 

aris Tavad sameba RmerTi. morwmune... Sedioda misiis sivrceSi mxolod rogorc 

‘TanamSromeli’... da daamyarebda ‘axal aRTqmas’, anu axal samyaros RmerTis xelmwifebis 

qveS”. 

668 Sdr. Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Η Αποφατική Εκκλησιολογία... 83: “konkretuli morwmunis madlismieri 

‘Secvla’ (Sdr. oqropiris liturgiis epiklisisis locva –k.k) konkretul ‘mTlian 

qristed’ (‘όλον Χριστόν’) xdeba maSin, rodesac is eklesiis sxeulSi niadag evqaristiuli 

ziarebiT ganasrulebs suliwmidis mier imas, rac mas naTlobisas da qarizmisas 

(mironcxebisas) eCuqa, rogorc gansakuTrebuli niWi (qarizma). es mas (TiToeul 

morwmunes) xdis qristes masSi (eklesiaSi) ganumeorebeli da gansakuTrebuli madlis 

wiaR Tandaswrebad (anu, TiToeuli morwmune aris qristes Tandaswreba eklesiaSi –k.k), 

ganaxorcielebs ra qristes ‘mravalgvarad’ (‘πολλαχώς’), anu misi sxeulis wevrebad da 

wevrebSi. amrigad, qriste gzavnis suliwmindas imisaTvis, rom Tavad mTlianad 

ganxorcieldes mravalnairad Tavis TiToeul madlmosil wevrSi”. 

210

qristeSi Tanaadamianebs). TiToeulSi gamravlebuli sicocxle 

gulisxmobs kidev ufro metad ganmravlebis SesaZleblobas da 

survilsac, radgan TiToeulis sicocxle aris meores sicocxle da 

amitom, yvelas swyuria meoris sicocxle, rogorc _ sakuTari. 

TiToeulSi ganxorcielebuli qriste xdeba evqaristiuli sazrdo 

sxvebisaTvis. morwmuneebs SiaT erTmaneTi. metic, qristes mibaZviT Cadian 

cxovrebis zRvaSi (“qaos-jojoxeTis” simboloa zRva), raTa saWmelad 

vargisi gaxadon samyaro TavisTvis: 

“Tevzi niSnavs kacobriv bunebas, romelic dacuravs vnebaTa RelvaSi 

(σύγχυσει, areulobaSi). sakuTari gamouTqmeli kacTmoyvareobis gamo ufali 

Cavida cxovrebis zRvaSi, amoiyvana igi da suliwmidis cecxlSi gamowva da 

vnebebis yovelgvari Senarevi gamoaxurva. [amgvarad] igi moamzada TavisTvis 

da Tavis mociqulebisaTvis saWmelad. maradis Sia sityvas (RmerTsityvas) 

Tavis mimdevrebTan erTad Cveni xsna. amitomac maT (anu mimdevrebma) Cveni 

cxovnebisaTvis misi (RmerTsityvis) mibaZviT miiRes iZulebiTi (ειλάντο, 

iiZules) sikvdili”. 669 

mociqulebs da yovel morwmunes SiaT TiToeuli adamiani, rogorc 

qristes kosmiuri sxeulis nawili. es sxeuli sabolood moicavs yvela 

adamians, xdeba aucilebeli, rogorc sazrdo, romelmac unda 

daakmayofilos marad daukmayofilebeli mravalgvarad zegardamo 

naCuqari sicocxlis mravalgvarad gancdis/gacxovrebis SimSili. amrigad, 

RmerTis Semecneba xdeba evqaristiuli sazrdo, rac niSnavs adamianebis 

sicocxlis erTmaneTis sicocxliT danayrebas daunayreblad. 670 TiToeuli 

adamiani aris sxvebis evqaristiuli sazrdo. qristeSi RmerTis Secnoba 

niSnavs qristeSi samyaroTi danayrebas, rodesac es samyaro mTlianad 

ganimsWvaleba maradiuli sicocxliTa da zeciT, rodesac dro 

“gagonierdeba”, anu “ga-sityv-deba” (λογ-ικοποιησθεί) maradiulobiT da 

gaxdeba evqaristiuli, anu sityvieri msxverpli (λογ-ικήν θυσίαν) _ “qriste 

RmerTo Cveno, Sen xar is, vinc miuZRvnis da mieZRvneba, vinc aris ZRvenis 

mimRebeli da [ZRvenad] darigebuli”. 671 


670 Sdr. siyvarulis T… 3,46 PG 90, 1029C: “araferi ar aklda zesavse RmerTs, rodesac 

arsebobaSi Semoiyvana qmnilebebi, aramed imisaTvis [Semoiyvana], rom TavianTi 

SesabamisobiT wilmqoneobdnen mis netarebSi da rom igi xarobdes Tavisi qmnilebebiT 

imis xedviT, rom uxariaT maT da daunayreblad nayrdebodnen marad verdasanayrebeliT”. 

671 ix. didi Sesvlis locva ioane oqropiris da basili didis liturgiebSi. 

211

Sejameba 

droSi Rvawlisa da Zalisxmevis tkivilis jojoxeTis gavla aris 

maradiulobaSi aRdgoma (marTlmadideblur xatmetyvelebaSi swored 

qristes jojoxeTSi Casvla ixateba, rogorc aRdgoma). droSi miuZRvnis 

adamiani RmerTs samyaros logosebs, romlebic ukve aRar aris mxolod 

RmerTis mier qmnili sagnebi, aramed – istoriis, anu civilizaciisac. 

RmerTi maT gardasaxavs, “gaJRenTs” madliT da evqaristiuli ZRvnis wiaR 

kvlav STabeWdavs adamianSi, rogorc RmerTSemecnebis unarebs da 

amocanas. 672 adamiani kvlav “Camodis” samyaroSi da eZebs am logosebs da 

maT “ganxorcielebas” – sulSi “STabeWdil” sagnebis logosebs/sityvebs 

amoikiTxavs “gare-samyaroSi”. amrigad, TiToeuli liturgia daasrulebs 

samyaros feriscvalebis da srulyofis spiralis erT rkals da, 

imavdroulad, istoriis msvleloba, rogorc saRvTo narativis kiTxva da 

Semecneba, grZeldeba. 673 es samyaroSi Casvla aris misia, raTa samyaro 

gadaiqces RmerTisa da adamianis evqaristiul sazrdod, anu saRvToTa 

672 

Sdr. Κ. Καραϊσαρίδης, Η συµβολή…50, 52, 53-54: “qriste realurad aris Tandamswre 

evqaristiaSi. [...] misi Tandaswreba ar gansxvavdeba esqatologiuri Tandaswrebisagan 

garda mxolod im faqtisa, rom axla is gveCuqeba Rvinisa da puris saxiT. [...] 

evqaristiaSi morwmune uerTdeba RmerTsityvas, romelic gankacda adamianuri sityviTa 

da arsebulTa logosebiT. [...] es xdeba, raTa ara mxolod Cven gavxdeT qristeebi 

(Χριστοποιηθούµε, qristedviqmneT), aramed samyaros logosebic, romelTac Cven mas 

(qristes) mivuZRvniT da romelTac evqaristiisas veziarebiT imisaTvis, rom gavxdeT 

SeerTebuli ara mxolod qristesTan, aramed raTa gvqondes saerTo (RmerTsityvasTan da 

erTmaneTTan) gardasaxuli (transformirebuli) yovlierebis logosebi”. aseve Sdr. Ιε. 

Βλάχου, Ορθόδοξη Ψυχοθεραπεία, Ιερά Μονή Γενεθλίου της Θεοτόκου (Πελαγίας) 1983, 203 da Ιωάννη 

Χρυσόστοµο PG 58, 744. 

673 Perrot Ch., Paul et la resurrection de Jesus, les quarte fleuves. Cahiers de recherche et de reflextion religieuses, 

Paris 1982 (Символ 39, Июль 1998, Париж). N.15-16 (P. 23-34), 29: “‘aRdgomili’ qristianebi, 

romlebic jer kidev cxovroben qveynad da arian sruliad aRorZinebuli da erTobaSi 

erTmaneTTan SeerTebuli, momavalSi ‘gardaisaxebian’ da uflis kvals midevnebulebi 

amaRldebian zecaSi”. es aris kaTolike mkvlevaris Sexeduleba adamianis RmerTsityvis 

saxed transformirebis Sesaxeb – erTi mxriv, srulyofili eklesiuri struqtura, 

“aRmdgari sazogadoeba”, anu “perfect society” da, meore mxriv, gardasaxvis perspeqtiva 

mxolod momaval saukuneSi. Tanamedrove marTlmadidebeli mkvlevari Teodore zisisi 

ki wers: “pavle mociqulis frazas ‘misi Zis xatis Tanasaxovani’, romelsac Tanamedrove 

mkvlevarebi ganmartaven mxolod esqatonSi mosaxdenad, ioane oqropiri amgvarad 

ganmartavs: ‘ixile pativis sidide? rogoric iyo mxolodSobili bunebiT, isini 

(mowafeebi) iseTive Seiqnen madliT’. igive azri ZalaSia 2kor 3,18-saTvis, sadac 

laparakia morwmuneebis gardasaxvaze. [...] oqropiri simZimis centrs ar aTavsebs frazaze 

‘gardavisaxebiT didebidan didebaSi’, raTa ar moxdes ise gageba, TiTqos morwmune 

gardaisaxeba stadiurad da TandaTanobiT. [...aramed igi] xedavs Taboris mTaze 

gardasaxvis paralelurobas... naTlobisas suliwmidis didebis gamoCenasTan, rodesac is 

ganaaxlebs naTelRebuls ise, rom naTelRebulis sxeulic ki monawileobs suliwmidis 

am didebaSi” (Θ. Ζήσης, Η Σωτηρία του ανθρώπου και του κόσµου. Θεσσαλονίκη 1997, 204). amrigad, 

adamianis pirovnuli feriscvaleba istoriuli faqtia da, amave dros, istoriis movlena 

(movlena rogorc istoria) da RmerTsityvis istoriuli “ambavia”. Sdr. Adam A.J. DeVille, 

Salvation as Transfiguration: The Liturgical Soteriology of St. Maximus the Confessor, Theandros 3/2, (Winter 

2005/2006) 

212

codnad. TiToeuli adamiani Tavis gzaze aris qristes gza, ese igi Tavad 

aris gza qristesi samyarosaken. am samyaros centri xdeba TiToeuli 

adamiani, rogorc qristes mizani. yvela adamiani aris logosi da iseTive 

mniSvnelovani, rogorc yvela danarCeni. es aris samyaros qristed 

arsebobis decentruli da policentruli suraTi. aseTi ontologiuri 

suraTisaTvis ki SegveZlo, gvewodebina “polifoniuri ontologia” – 

samyaro polifoniurad, iseve rogorc qarTuli simRera, galobs 

WeSmaritad arsebulis sagalobels. 

213

5. evqaristiuli rituali, rogorc sazogadoebrivi movlena 

Sesavali 

winamdebare TavSi miznad visaxavT, erTi mxriv, gamovikvlioT ritualis 

funqcia pirovnebisa da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis formebis 

CamoyalibebaSi da, meore mxriv, am konteqstSi vaCvenoT wminda maqsime 

aRmsarebelTan miTis, simbolosa da ritualis roli da daniSnuleba. 

es Tavi Sedgeba ori nawilisagan: pirveli nawili, Tavis mxriv, 

moicavs oTx qveTavs, xolo meore – mxolod erTs. 

pirvel oTx qveTavSi mimovixilavT pirovnebasa da sociumze 

ritualis, simbolosa da miTis zemoqmedebis sxvadasxva aspeqtis 

gamovlenas: pirvel TavSi ganvixilavT rituals, rogorc metafizikur 

movlenas adamianisa da sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi, meore TavSi _ 

ZvelberZnul dramas, rogorc, erTi mxriv, pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis 

garkveuli saxiT Camomayalibebel movlenas da, meore mxriv, qristianuli 

liturgiis winamorbeds da wanamZRvars, mesame TavSi _ neoplatonur 

Teurgias da masTan qristianuli misteriis mimarTebas, meoTxe TavSi _ 

ritualis, simbolos, miTisa da dramis mniSvnelobas berZnuli 

qalaqisaTvis. iqve aseve SevexebiT qristianuli eklesiis mimarTebas 

berZnul polisTan. mexuTe TavSi ki vnaxavT, Tu rogoraa es aspeqtebi 

gamovlenili maqsimes azrovnebaSi. 

5.1. ritualis metafizika* 

religia SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc simboloebis sistema, romlis 

funqciacaa, gaaerTianos sicocxle Tu eTosi 674 (cxovrebis yaida) 

imgvarad, rom is moeqces garkveuli msoflmxedvelobisa Tu metafizikis 

areSi. 675 aseve, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ritualia swored is, rac adamianebis 

Sinagan samyaroSi Canergavs (STabeWdavs) sagnebis realuri, anu 

metafizikuri arsebobis wess (maqsimeseulad – logoss) da mis (wesis Tu 

“logosis”) mixedviT ayalibebs maTs eToss. ritualSi simboluri 

formebis konkretuli saxis urTierTganlagebisa da urTierTmorgebis 

gziT samyaro iseTi, rogoric is warmoidgineba, anu aRiqmeba da samyaros 

674 eTosi – Cveuleba, zne-Cveuleba, wesi. Cven cneba eToss vumatebT sxva asociaciasac, 

anu adaTis, zne-Cveulebis garSemo viTarebaze damokidebulebis aspeqts. 

* am qveTavSi Cven ZiriTadad veyrdnobiT kevin Silbrakis gamokvlevas ritualuri 

metafizika (Kevin Schilbrack, Ritual Metaphysics, Jurnal of Ritual Studies 18.1 (2004), 78-89). 

675 Richard Geertz, The interpretation of Cultures, New York 1973, 87-141. 

214

cxovrebiseuli gancda Seirwymebian erTian samyarod. 676 aRaraa ori 

gansxvavebuli da dapirispirebuli samyaro, romelic, erTi mxriv, aris 

praqtikulad gaugebari da, meore mxriv, fantaziaSi gasagebi, an, erTi 

mxriv, calke Zevs gancdili da, meore mxriv, Teoriulad, azrovnebiTad 

aRqmuli, aramed gancdili da aRqmuli Tanxvedrili da harmoniulia. es 

ar Seexeba mxolod socialuri garemos gagebas, aramed Tavad realobis 

_ rogoradac is aris _, imis gagebas. 677 

religia ar aris mxolod gonebis produqti da arc sxeuli aris 

mxolod anatomiuri tani yovelgvari istoriisa da kulturis gareSe, 

aramed is socialuri konstruqciaa da sinamdvilis – maT Soris 

religiuris _ asaxvisa da gamoxatvis arc Tu umniSvnelo mediumi. tanis 

mopyroba – Cacmuloba, cekva, Jestikulacia _ asaxavs da zogierT 

SemTxvevaSi qmnis kidec im realobas, romelSic is cxovrobs. mag., 

marTlmadidebluri gagebiT mRvdlis ritualuri Sesamoseli araTu 

mxolod asaxavs zeciuri samefos didebulebas, aramed “qmnis” kidec am 

didebulebas miwaze, aris ra erTgvar magiur kavSirSi zecasTan. 

kontruqcionisturi socialuri Teoriebi gvTavazoben gansxvavebul 

variantebs imisas, Tu rogor aris sxeuli dakavSirebuli socialur 

sazrisTan/mniSvnelobasTan. am Teoriebis mixedviT sxeuli aris niSnebis 

sistema, romelic asaxavs socialur urTierTobebs. amrigad, religiuri 

rituali SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas, rogorc socialuri STagonebis aqti, 

romelic aisaxeba sxeulebze. aseTi midgomisas sxeulebrivi codna 

yovelTvis damokidebulia kulturul da istoriul viTarebaze da, 

amdenad, aris “lokaluri codna”, anu is ar iZleva raime metafizikur 

codnas. 678 sxeuli aris niSnebis teqsti, magram teqsts ara hyavs subieqti, 

radgan teqstis Sinaarsi yovelTvis konteqstualuria da sazrisi ki – 

gadavadebadi, ese igi sazrisi mudam icvleba imis mixedviT, Tu romel 

konteqstSi moxvdeba. rogorc edmund liCi (Edmund Leach) aRniSnavs, 

“ritualebi unda gavigoT, rogorc socialuri wesrigis simboluri 

676 ix. Richard Geertz, The interpretation of Cultures... 112 

677 Sdr. merab mamardaSvilis cnebas соизмеримость, romliTac igi miTSi samyaros gagebas 

ukavSirebs adamianis mier aRqmulisa da TavisTavad arsebul samyaros Soris sazomis, 

logosis gagebas (М. Мамардашвили, Введение в Филислфию, Мой опыт нетипичен, Санк-Петербург 

2000, 41-42). 

678 Kevin Schilbrack, Ritual Metaphysics... 78. 

215

formulirebis saxeebi”. 679 ritualebi, am gagebiT, mxolod aireklaven im 

socialur kategoriebs, romlebSic aRmocendnen da araviTari 

metafizikuri mniSvneloba maT ar gaaCniaT. 680 am mniSvnelobas igi 

mxolod konkretuli morwmunis privatul sferoSi, anu mis Sinagan, 

sulier samyaroSi SeiZleba Rebulobdes. 681 

imisaTvis, rom vnaxoT, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba rituali garkveul 

metafizikur ideas, unda gavarCioT ori saxis rituali: erTi aris is, 

romelic aRwers da Tan “Caxatavs” sxeulSi cvalebad maxasiaTeblebs. 

meore ki _ romelic “Caxatavs” aucilebel maxasiaTeblebs. cvalebadia, 

romelsac aqvs alternativa, mag. asakobrivi iniciaciebTan 

dakavSirebuli, qorwinebisas an gardacvlilze aRsrulebuli rituali 

da a.S. aucilebelia, romelsac ara aqvs alternativa da asaxavs 

mTlianad adamianis an zogadad yvela arsebulis arsebobas, anu is kvlav 

“dawers” adamianis sxeulze masze ukve “daweril” iseT niSnebs, romelic 

aRwers ama Tu im metafizikur/religiur realobas, romelsac sxvanairad 

SegviZlia vuwodoT “umaRlesi Rirebuleba”. 682 meore SemTxvevaSi 

rituali ar xdis adamianebs sxva raimed/vinmed, vidre is iyo 

ritualamde. aseTi rituali adamians aZlevs saSualebas, 

cxovrebiseulad da gancdiseulad gaacnobieros, rac/vinc aris an 

Seusworebs mcdar codnas Tavis Tavze. mag., Tu mavans hgonia, rom is 

yvela adamianis Tanasworia, Tanamedrove marTlmadideblur liturgiaze 

daswrebiT igi xvdeba, anu masSi “STaibeWdeba” gageba, rom igi ar aris 

yvelas Tanaswori, aramed arian mavanni, romlebic ierarqiul safexurze 

ufro axlos dganan RmerTTan. amrigad, aseTi rituali iZleva 

metafizikuri WeSmaritebis sxeulebriv codnas, rac niSnavs imas, rom es 

sxeuli, anu es konkretuli adamiani, imoqmedebs ukve mocemuli 

679 Edmund Leach, Political Systems of Highland Burma, London 1954, 62. 

680 Sdr. R.A. Rappaport, Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People. Yale University 

Press 1984, 2-3. 

681 Sdr. Ch. Yannaras, Human Rights and the Othodox Church, The Orthodox Churches in a Pluralistic World, 

Edited by Emmanuel Clapsis, WCC Publications, Geneva 2004: “Religion was rigidly separated from social 

organization, thus becoming a personal matter; the separation of the “sacred” from the “secular” (church and state) 

is nowadays considered an institutional sine qua non of Western societies. […this began] from the end of the 18 th 

century already in an atmosphere of enthuastic affirmation of nature and rejection of metaphysics”. 

682 

Sdr. Ж. Видович, Трагедия и литургия 1, Современная драматургия, № 1, январь-март 1998, 

http://www.hronos.km.ru/libris/lib_we/vidovich01.html “Всякая культура (или "эпоха") в истории определяется 

своей высшей "ценностью", которая организует смысл культуры таким образом, что все ее институты 

обязаны служить именно этой высшей ценности”. 

216

WeSmaritebis Sesabamisad 683 _ ritualSi monawileebis sxeulebi “drosa 

da materiaSi axorcieleben maradiul da univTo WeSmaritebas. SegviZlia 

vTqvaT, isini aqtualizireben ideologias”. 684 anu, isini arian 

“WeSmaritebis karebi”. 685 marTalia, religiuri metafizika da misi 

socialuri konkretuli roli aris ganuyofeli, isini zogadad mainc 

ganirCevian iseve, rogorc metafizika ganirCeva sociologiisagan. Tavisi 

gansazRvrebis mixedviT metafizikuri realoba yovelTvis dgas yoveli 

socialuri formis ukan an safuZvlad da rituali yovelTvis akavSirebs 

am safuZvelTan. magram, radgan, ritualis formebi yovelTvis warmoiSoba 

konkretul sociumSi, anu asaxavs garkveul sazogadoebriv mowyobas, 

amitom is “Caxatavs” am mowyobis tipebs da, amdenad, qcevebs adamianSi. 

amgvarad, sazogadoebis mowyobis garkveulma tipma ritualis gziT 

metafizikur realobasTan erTad SeiZleba daikavos adgili adamianis 

yofaSi. 

rom ar moxdes romelime socialuri wyobis gafetiSeba da misi, 

rogorc ram umaRlesi Rirebulebis ritualis gziT yoveldRiur eTosSi 

uneburi gadmotana, ritualuri sxeuli unda ganvixiloT, rogorc 

gamocdileba/codnis ara mxolod pasiuri, aramed _ aqtiuri subieqti. 

amisaTvis unda miviCnioT, rom rituali ar aris mxolod misgan 

gansxvavebuli, “gareSe” saSualebebiT (miTiT an spekulaciiT) miRebuli 

codnis ilustracia an dramaturgizacia. rituali SeiZleba iyos 

683 ix. K. Schilbrack, Ritual Metaphysics... 79-81. ra Tqma unda, rituali xSirad aRwers ara im 

metafizikur realobas, romlis saxeliTac is moqmedebs, aramed Tavis sakuTar Tavs 

waradgens realobad (Sdr. T.R. Kasulis, Philosophy as Metapraxis, Discourse and Practice. Albany, USA 

1992). aseT SemTxvevaSi rituali an erTi, dawers sxeulze iseT “sinamdviles”, romelic 

realurad dgas mis ukan _ mag.: absolutur qristianul WeSmaritebad mowodebuli 

marTlmadidebluri rituali realurad SeiZleba Caxatavdes adamianSi bizantias (es 

ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, Torem SeiZleba boiarul ruseTsac, xolo qarTul sinamdvileSi _ 

sabWoTa ruseTsac), an meore, rituali ar asaxavs konkretulad romelime metafizikur 

realobas, magram SeiZleba is gamoiyenos ama Tu im metafizikis CarCoSi. mag.: Wamis win 

locvis praqtika SeiZleba nebismier religias miesadagos. pirvel SemTxvevaSi rituals 

metafizikis doneze ahyavs bizantia da Semdeg mas proecirebs sxeulze, rac igivea, rom 

STabeWdavs sulSi. meore SemTxvevaSi TiTqos rituali neitraluria, magram mainc aris 

im metafizikis gamtari, romlis CarCoSic mas moaTavseben. pirveli moqmedebs, ase 

vTqvaT, uneburad da, ZiriTadad, ucodinrobis xarjze. xolo meore ki, piriqiT _ 

gacnobierebulad da nebsiT. amrigad, rituali yovelTvis Tavsdeba ufro did CarCoSi, 

vidre is Tavad aris da yovelTvis iZens eTosisaken raime metafizikis “gamtaris” rols. 

orTopraqsiis orTodoqsiisagan gancalkeveba mxolod garkveuli pirobebiT (TeoriaSi 

an droebiT an pedagogiurad da a.S) da nawilobrivad SeiZleba moxdes, sabolood, isini 

mainc rCebian urTierTdakavSirebulni. 

684 S. Collins, The Body in Theravada Buddist Monasticism, Religion and the Body, Cambridge University Press 

2000 188. 

685 Sdr. F.M. Denny, Introduction to Islam, New York: Macmillan 1994, 113. 

217

simboluri struqtura, romelic ganmeorebadi moqmedebisas “azrovnebs 

da ikvlevs” am codnas sakuTari xerxebiT. ritualis xSiri ganmeorebisas, 

aqvs ra adamians gonebaSi sxva saSualebebiT (“garedan” an Tundac adre 

ritualSi monawileobiT) SeZenili codna, praqtikaSi zustdeba, Tu 

rogor Seesabameba da “gamoxatavs” ufro zustad am codnas esa Tu is 

Jesti an qmedeba. amrigad, adamiani mudam daxvews ritualur moqmedebas. 

sabolood es xSirad ganmeorebadi gamomkvlevi moqmedeba aris iseTi 

moqmedeba, romelic transformirebs ritualur kompleqss an mis 

Semadgenel nawilebs garkveuli wesiT. mag.: mavani liturgiis xSiri 

aRsrulebisas swavlobs, Tu rogor moeqces sworad barZims da am gziT 

gaigos barZimis roli sarwmunoebaSi da, amave dros, barZimis 

“gamarTuli” da daxvewili ritualizirebiT aamoqmedos es sworad 

gagebuli da “daxvewili” rwmena, jer ritualSi, da Semdeg 

yoveldRiurobaSi. 686 am gziT rituali xdeba WeSmaritebis gamomkvlevi 

aqtiuroba: is manipulirebs obieqtebs, Jestebs da viTardeba mecnieruli 

Teoriebis msgavsad, raTa “Seamowmos” da aqtiurad aiTvisos “gareSe” 

codna, mag.: saeklesio dogmebi. 687 amgvarad, rituali xdeba “codnis 

wyaro”. ritualuri “saqcieli” aformebs sazogadoebrivi qcevis 

Cveulebas da, amasTan erTad, aformebs rwmenasac. es ori aspeqti 

ganuyofelia. anu, rogoric aris ritualuri “qceva”, imgvaradve formdeba 

“sazogadoebrivi qceva” da sarwmunoebac. 688 metic, ritualurad goneba 

erTveba realobaSi ise, rogorc es ukanaskneli aris da, amave dros, es 

686 ix. T.W. Jennings, On Ritual Knowledge, Journal of Religion 62 (1982), 114-116. 

687 ix. Kevin Schilbrack, Ritual Metaphysics... 82-84. aseT SemTxvevaSi ara bizantiuri cxovrebis 

yaida Tu sazogadoebrivi eTosi daikavebs ontologiis sferos, aramed qristianuli 

WeSmaritebiT Semowmdeba da gaswordeba es eTosi. warmoiSoba ara gayinul magiurobamde 

dayvanil ritualur formebs damorCilebuli pasiuri socialuri agenti, romelsac 

yoveldRiurobaSi gadmoaqvs bizantia (es _ ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, Torem SeiZleba 

boiaruli an sabWoTa ruseTi), aramed aqtiuri qristianuli WeSmaritebebis ritualurad 

Semmecni agenti, romelic swored qristianuli RirebulebebiT iwyebs cxovrebas. 

amgvarad, tradiciuli rituali SeiZleba SenarCundes imdagvarad, rom ar dakargos 

Tavisi pirvandeli mniSvneloba da, amave dros, ganagrZos ganviTareba iseve, rogorc es 

xdeboda manam, sanam ar SeaCerdeboda “gayinul saxemde”. Tumca misi “gayinva” mainc ar 

xdeba, aramed urefleqsiod ganmeorebadi uneburad SeiZens im konteqstis Strixebs, 

romelSic moqmedebs.Mmag., axalgazrda mRvdeli SeiZleba ise moqmedebdes, rogorc an 

komkavSiris dawinaurebuli xelmZRvaneli an romelime “kanonieri qurdi”. maTi es qceva 

gadmodis ritualSi da rituali ki, Tavis mxriv, mas “ontologiuryofs”. maSin aseTi 

ritualiT asaxuli da gagebuli RmerTi Rebulobs an skkp mdivanis an “paxanis” saxes. 

688 Sdr. M. Raposa, Ritual Inquiry, Thinking through Rituals: Philosophical Perspectives, London: Routledge 

2004. Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom am msjelobis Tanaxmad, sabolood bizantiam (es ukeTes 

SemTxvevaSi, Torem realurad boiarulma an sabWoTa “gruziam” Tavisi eTnocentruli 

perspeqtiviT) SeiZleba Caanacvlos qristianuli rwmenis Sinaarsi. 

218

ukanaskneli aris ise, rogorc is aris ritualurad gagebuli: “samyaro 

aris ganuyofeli subieqtisagan, magram iseTi subieqtisagan, romelic 

aris am samyaros proeqcireba da subieqti ganuyofelia samyarosagan, 

magram iseTi samyarosagan, romelsac Tavad subieqti proeqcirebs”. 689 anu, 

ritualSi samyaro da subieqti urTierTqmedeben imgvarad, rom erTmaneTs 

gansazRvraven. 690 ritualSi warmodgenili, sxeulebrivad gagebuli da 

aqtualizirebuli metafizikuri realoba xdeba “yoveldRiuri” realoba. 

5.2. dramaturgiuli codna 

rogorc vnaxeT, rituali ara mxolod asaxavs da akavSirebs adamians 

realobasTan, aramed gansazRvravs kidec am realobis struqturas. anu, 

ritualurad Camoyalibebuli da gagebuli realoba xdeba yoveldRiuri 

realoba, romelSic cxovrobs adamiani _ rogoric aris rituali, iseTia 

samyaro, romelSic cxovrobs ritualis Semsrulebeli/monawile. magram 

rituals aqvs Tavisi aRnagoba (struqtura), anu is aris simboloebis 

gawyoba da urTierTmorgebuloba. xolo es “mwyobri”, Tavis mxriv, 

warmoadgens simboloebis dramaturgizacias. 691 Cven am qveTavSi swored 

aseT dramaturgiasa da mis aRmosavlur liturgiasTan kavSirze gvinda 

visaubroT. 

platonis ontologiaSi nivTieri sagani aris namdvilad arsebuli 

(όντως ων) sagnis, anu ideis mxolod landi (φαντασία, aCrdili) da mibaZva 

(µίµησις). xolo xelovneba (da ara xelosnoba), _ masSi igulisxmeba 

dramaturgiac _, Tavis mxriv, aris am aCrdilis mibaZva da igi ormagad 

arTulebs sagnebis Semecnebas. amrigad, dramaturgiuli Semecneba, 

rogorc nivTierisagan sulis gaTavisufleba, anu kaTarzisi (κάθαρσις), 692 

rac Seadgens adamianis cxovrebis mizans, aris naklovani cnebiT, anu 

689 Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1962, 430. 

690 ix. Kevin Schilbrack, Ritual Metaphysics... 86. 

691 

termins “mwyobri” viRebT imisaTvis, rom warmoiqmnas aluzia areopagitikul 

“ierarqiebTan” (mag., angelozTa mwyobri, dasi), romlebsac (“ierarqiebs”) mkacrad 

liturgiuli, anu dramaturgiul/liturgiuli ganzomileba da xasiaTi aqvT (ix. am 

naSromis Tavi evqaristiuli RvTisSemecneba wm. dionise areopagelTan). 

692 Cven zemoT vnaxeT, rom fsevdo dionise areopagelisaTvis kaTarzisi, anu ganwmenda 

aris adamianis sulieri moRvaweobis pirveli nabiji. magram kaTarzisi, ganaTleba da 

gansruleba ar aris erTmaneTisagan gancalkevebuli sulieri moRvaweobis etapebi. 

pirvel rigSi, isini arian saeklesio ritualebi: naTloba, mironcxeba da evqaristia. 

amrigad, kaTarzisi ganuyrelad dakavSirebulia liturgiul dramasTan. 

219

filosofiur SemecnebasTan SedarebiT. 693 drama –da, kerZod, berZnuli 

tragedia, ar iZleva namdvilad arsebulis pirdapir codnas da, amdenad, 

arc am realobis uSualo gancdas da “gacxovrebas”. 694 

aristotelesTan dramaturgiis aseTi gageba gadalaxulia 

ZiriTadad baZvisa da kaTarzisis cnebebisaTvis gansxvavebuli 

metafizikuri safuZvlis dadebiT. nivTieri sagani misTvis ar aris 

mxolod namdvilad arsebuli ideis ubralod landi, aramed misi 

matarebeli da ganxorcielebis, anu arsebobis erTaderTi saxea. 695 

aristotelesaTvis filosofia, rogorc sibrZnisaken swrafva, ar 

upirispirdeba xelovnebas. piriqiT, oriveni arian Semecnebis 

gansxvavebuli, magram Tanasworuflebiani formebi. yvela adamiani Tavisi 

bunebiT miiswrafvis codnisaken. 696 amave dros adamiani aris 

sazogadoebrivi cxoveli (ζωόν πολιτικόν). 697 xolo cxovelisagan adamiani 

imiTac gansxvavdeba, rom mas metad, vidre cxovels, Tandayolili aqvs 

mibaZvis unari da am unariTac iZens codnas. 698 misi socialuri arseba 

vlindeba mibaZvis unarSi, anu xelovnebaSi da, amrigad, 

dramaturgiaSic. 699 mxatvruli saxe, iseve rogorc cneba, ar uigivdeba 

individualur sagans, aramed aris xati (είκονα) da aris zogadi (καθόλον) 

sagani, romelSic monawileobs mravali kerZo sagani. mxatvruli saxe, 

xati “muSaobs” (λειτουργεί, Tanamoqmedebs) imisaTvis, rom Tavad adamianma 

(kerZo adamianma), masSi amoicnos aseve kerZo. amrigad, xati da adamiani 

Tanamoqmedeben. anu, xats ara aqvs TavisTavadi mniSvneloba, aramed igi 

mxolod TanamoqmedebaSia cocxali. igi “pirovnebaTSorisi” moqmedebis 

693 ix. s. danelia, aristotele. poetika. winasityvaoba, Targmani da komentarebi, 

Tbilisi 1979, 33-52, 66. 

694 filosofiuri azrovneba iwvevs sulis gonieri (λογιστικόν) nawilis ndomobiT 

(επιθυµιτικόν) da gzebiT (θυµιτικόν) nawilebze hegemonias, rac warmoadgens kaTarziss da 

masTan dakavSirebul ganaTlebas da gansrulebas. Cven zemoT vnaxeT, rom sulis aseTi 

ierarqiuloba, anu mdgomareoba maqsime aRmsarebelTanac gagebulia, rogorc cxovrebis 

mizani da ganRmrTobisaken gza. 

695 ix. s. danelia, aristotele... 57, 64. 

696 metafizika 980 a 21. 

697 

politika 1, 2. Χρ. Γιανναράς, Σχεδίασµα εισαγωγής στη φιλοσοφία... 17: “adamiani bunebiT 

miiswrafvis codnisaken (φύσει του ειδέναι ορέγεται)... bunebiT (φύσει) adamiani aris socialuri 

cxoveli (ζώον κοινωνικών)... cxovelisagan igi gansxvavdeba (οικισµός) im sivrcis 

organizebiT, misi kavSiriT bunebriv garemosTan”. es igive saxlia, romlis Sesaxebac 

Cven zemoT visaubreT intersubieqturobaze msjelobisas. 

698 poetika 1448 b 5. 

699 Sdr. s. danelia, aristotele... 59, 61, 67, 68, 69, 71. 

220

gvarobaa. 700 xati amas aRwevs imiT, rom grZnobad da mouwesrigebel 

simravleSi eZiebs da “gamoxatavs” saerTos da aris am mravalTagan 

sinTezuri erTi, romelSic monawileobs es simravle, yvela – 

Taviseburad. 701 xolo cnebisagan gansxvavebiT adamiani (pirvelad 

“mxatvari” poeti, anu Semoqmedi da Semdeg am “daxatul” simboloSi 

monawile) saganSi amoicnobs, swvdeba xats, anu sinTezur erTs ara 

diskursuli azrovnebiT, refleqsiiT, aramed intuiciurad. 702 anu, 

adamiani xatebis gziT ganicdis sinamdviles imdenad, ramdenadac igi 

uSualod CaerTveba, anu monawileobs “daxatuli” simboloebis 

dramatizirebul “mwyobrSi”. cnebaca da xatic aucilebelia 

adamianisTvis, raTa Caswvdes realobas. 703 am oris liturgiuli 

(TanamoqmedebiTi) erToba aris sinamdvilis holistikuri Semecnebis gza. 

rac Seexeba cneba kaTarziss, igi aristotelesaTvis upirvelesad 

esTetikuri faqtia. 704 misTvis vnebaTagan ganwmenda (κάθαρσις των παθηµάτων) 

aris swored dramis, berZnuli tragediis mTavari mizani. 705 kaTarziss 

tragedia aRwevs mayurebelSi ukiduresi, anu zRvruli gancdebis _ 

TanagrZnobisa (Tanalmobis, mowyalebis) da SiSis aRZvriT (δι’ ελέου και 

φόβου περαίνουσα την των τοιούτων παθηµάτων κάθαρσιν 706 – Tanalmobisa da SiSis 

(SeSfoTebis) gziT amgvar vnebaTaganTa ganwmendas ganasrulebs). 707 

700 swored xatis aseTi gageba udevs safuZvlad xatTayvaniscemis qristianul dogmats. 

701 Sdr. s. danelia, aristotele... 74, 76-77. 

702 Cven zemoT vnaxeT maqsimesTan da dionisesTan, rom RvTisSemecnebis misterialuri 

mxare aris upirvelesad intuiciuri RmerTwvdoma da rom swored es RmerTis 

miuwvdomlad wvdoma aris safuZveli yvela danarCeni saxis – apofatikur/katafatikuri 

_ RvTisSemecnebisa. 

703 Sdr. s. danelia, aristotele... 84, 88. 

704 s. danelia, aristotele... 95. 

705 s. danelia, aristotele... 111, 113. 

706 

poetika 1449b 27. am pasaJis Targmanis variantulobis da cneba kaTarzisTan 

dakavSirebuli problematikis Sesaxeb ix. s. danelia, aristotele... 153 da r. 

gordeziani, berZnuli literatura, gam. logosi, Tbilisi 2002, 308-313. 

707 Sdr. Κ. ∆. Καλοκύρης, Τα θεµατικά δρωµένα του τελετουργικού της Μεγάλης Ευδοµάδας, Θεσσαλονίκη 2003, 

23: “...rogorc tragedia ‘Tanalmobisa (wyalobis) da SeSfoTebis (SiSis) gziT amgvar 

vnebaTaganTa ganwmendas ganasrulebs’, zustad aseve saRvTo liturgia ‘wyalobiT’ 

(δι’ελέου) miemarTeba da ‘SiSiT’ (µετά φόβου) ganasrulebs ‘amgvar vnebaTaganTas’ (τοιούτων 

παθηµάτων) ganwmendas (kaTarziss) (romelsac Tavis vedrebaSi ambobs mRvdeli). [...] 

‘wyaloba mSvidobisas’ (Ελέου ειρήνης) loculobs, ‘da iyos wyaloba didisa RvTisas’ (και 

έσται τα ελέη του µεγάλου Θεού) evedreba bolos mRvdelmsaxuri. ‘wyalobas’ (Έλεος) iTxovs 

mlocveli eri niadag (RaRadebs ra _ ‘ufalo Semiwyale’). dabolos, ‘SiSiTa RvTisaTa 

da sarwmunoebiTa da siyvaruliT’ (µετά φόβου Θεού και αγάπης) mouwodebs mRvdeli 

morwmuneebs, raTa isini mividnen ziarebaze _ romelic, rogorc umaRlesi gamovlineba 

mistagogiis, anu Tavad qristesTan ziarebis (µέθεξις, wilmqoneobis) _, mianiWebs 

ganwmendas (κάθαρση)” (berZnul enaze mocemuli citatebi aris ioane oqropiris 

liturgiidan). 

221

maSasadame, tragedias sxvadasxva komponentisa (ambavi, xasiaTebi, sityva, 

azri, sanaxaoba da musikaluri gaformeba 708 ) Tu meTodis (fabulis 

gamarTulobiT, melodiiT, ritmiT, metriT 709 ) gamoyenebiT adamiani 

gadahyavs yoveldRiuri dune mdgomareobidan zRvrul mdgomareobaSi – im 

mdgomareobaSi, romelSic adamiani SeiZleba xvdebodes bunebiTad, magram 

ar SeuZlia SenarCundes xangrZlivad da aseve bunebrivad. es 

mdgomareoba, romelsac tragedia qmnis, aris “xelovnebiseuli”, 

kulturuli mdgomareoba. 710 aseT viTarebaSi mayurebeli gamodis Tavisi 

yoveldRiuri TviTidan da inscenirebul ZiriTadad miTiur gmirSi, Tu 

gmirebSi poulobs Tavisi “me”-s axal ganzomilebas, axal identobas. 711 

igi ganiwmindeba Caketili egocentruli TviTisagan da ixsneba sxva 

identobad, romelsac sTavazobs konkretuli miTis msoflmxedveloba. es 

is miTia, romlis inscenirebac xdeba calkeul tragediaSi. xolo miTi 

ki, rogorc viciT, swored ama Tu im sazogadoebis msofmlmxedvelobis 

erTdroulad amsaxvelicaa da maproecirebelic. amrigad, tragedia 

gaxsnis adamians iseTi identobis xatis misaRebad, romelsac es drama 

proecirebs sxva mayurebelSic da adamianebi xdebian erTi romelime 

miTiuri da tragediaSi dramatizirebuli zogadi xatis “Semadgenel” 

yoveldRiurobaSi gacocxlebul TviTebad. 712 adamianebi xdebian Tana- 

708 1550a. ix. r. gordeziani, berZnuli literatura... 454 

709 poetika 1464a 15, 1065b 21. qristianul liturgiaSi imave meTodebis gamoyenebis da 

zogadad ZvelberZnuli Teatris qristianul RvTismsaxurebasTan mimarTebis Sesaxeb ix. 

Κ. ∆. Καλοκύρης, Τα θεµατικά δρωµένα του τελετουργικού... 19-35, 241-252. 

710 Sdr. М. Мамардашвили, Введение в Филислфию... 45: “Миф не представление, а восполнение и 

созидание человеком себя в бытии, в котором для него нет природных основании. И поэтому на месте 

отсутствующих оснований и появляются определенные "машины" культуры, называемые мифом. Ритуал 

есть способ введения человека в состояние, которое не длится природным образом”. 

711 Sdr. s. danelia, aristotele... 123-124, 130-131. 

712 

magaliTad, rogorc zaza SaTiriSvili ambobs, homerosis poeziac TavisTavad 

ritualia. anu is aris iseTi SemoqmedebiTi realoba, romelic “CaiTrevs” adamians da 

xdis mas raime/vinmed Tavdapirveli TviTis safuZvelze. Tu es asea, maSin odiseaSi 

odisevsis mopovebuli saxotbo saxelis xelaxal dadasturebasTan erTad -romlis 

Sesaxebac saubrobs nestan ratiani _ msmenelic (dramis SemTxvevaSi mayurebeli), 

rodesac monawileobs gmiris saxelis ZiebaSi da dadasturebaSi, Tavadac adasturebs 

Tavis identobas odisevsis msgavsad. anu, odisevsis msgavs identobas poulobs sakuTar 

arsebobaSic. amrigad, igi odisevsis vaJis, telemaqosis msgavsad “ormagi” identobis 

matarebeli xdeba –Tavisi da odisevsis. odisevsi xdeba misi “mama” –qristianuli 

mamaRmerTis msgavsad _ da am gziT igi CaerTveba im realobaSi, romelsac daxatavs 

miTi. anu miTi “Zerwavs” TviTebs odisevsis xatebad da msgavsebad da amgvarad qmnis 

iseT sazogadoebas, romelic ”Camoqnilia” odisevsis idealis mixedviT. Tavis mxriv, ra 

Tqma unda, Tavad odisevsi aris RmerTebis Zalis gamomavlinebeli, anu xati. Tavad igia 

xati RvTisa da adamiani ki xatis xati – qristianobaSi qriste aris mamaRmerTis xati da 

adamiani qristes xati, anu mamaRmerTis xatis xati (ix. zaza SaTiriSvili, poeti da 

poeziis idea evropul kulturaSi, evropuli ideebis istoria da qarTuli kultura, 

seria evropuli Ziebani, red. paata papava, zaza SaTiriSvili, Tbilisi 2008, 63-64 da 

222

adamianebi da Tana-moqalaqeebi erTi konkretuli msoflmxedvelobis mier 

proecirebul sazogadoebaSi. msoflmxedvelobis, romelic Tavad aris am 

sazogadoebis warmonaqmni. TiToeuli aris xati erTi da imave 

SemoqmedebiTi xatis, ese igi arian daxatuli xatis xatebi da aRar arian 

Caketili da vnebebSi aTqvefili TviTebis qaosuri da uformo masa. isini 

xdebian konkretuli miTis gacocxlebuli saxeebi, realobad qceuli 

miTiuri samyaros moqalaqeebi. SegviZlia, igive vTqvaT qristanul 

miToszec, magram amaze qvemoT. 

zemoT AaRvniSneT, rom adamiani intuiciurad, anu grZnobiTad 

CaerTveba dramaturgirebul xatSi da cnebiTi azrovneba mosdevs 

intuiciurad gancdils – SeiZleba winac uswrebdes, amzadebdes am 

intuiciur aRqmas, magram es aRqma mainc unikaluri da cnebebisagan 

damoukidebeli gagebaa, “saRvTo madlia”. 713 

serbi marTlmadidebeli episkoposi Jarko vidoviCi swored aseT 

aRqmas uwodebs cnobierebas. 714 igi ambobs, rom qristianuli sarwmunoeba 

upirvelesad swored tragediuli da gancdiTi xdomilebaa, romelic 

uigivdeba sifxizles, mRviZared yofnas, anu realobis WeSmarit gancdas. 

misi gagebiT, tragedias aSkarad hqonda religiuri xasiaTi. berZnebis 

warmodgeniT, tragikosebis Sejibri xdeboda RmerTebis win da es iyo 

erTgvari rituali, sadac unda gamovleniliyo ara adamianuri unari, 

nestan ratiani, saxelisa da mamis saxelis Zieba homerosis “odiseaSi”, evropuli 

ideebis istoria da qarTuli kultura... 69-76) 

713 Sdr. М. Мамардашвили, Обязательность формы, Как я понимаю филисофию, Москва 1992, 88-89: 

“Повторяю, в формах искусства мы имеем дело с обязательностью сильно организованной формы, 

следование которой обеспечивает воспроизводство состояний при неполном знании ситуации или вообще 

невозможности ее аналитически представить [...]Я не хочу сказать, что нет вполне свободного действия, 

проявления, – скорее, наоборот. Но это не свобода выбора. [..Д]олжны существовать вещи, которые как бы 

максимально детерминируют, суживают края поля так, чтобы внутри него вспыхивало (индуцировалось, 

если хотите) определенное свободное событие, содержащее законоподобное суждение, хотя оно (это 

действие) и не может быть предопределено средствами самой теоретической системы”. Tavisufleba da 

saRvTo madli ar ewinaaRmdegeba formis kristalurobas. piriqiT, raRacnairad igi 

gulisxmobs mas. ra Tqma unda, madli ar aris SemosazRvruli raime formiT da 

Caketili masSi, magram Tavad forma aris is daZabulobis veli, sadac SeiZleba 

daibados axali gageba da am gagebasTan erTad axali pirovneba. aqedanaa tradiciis 

formis saWiroeba eklesiur cxovrebaSi, magram Tuki tradiciis esa Tu is forma 

acxadebs pretenzias, rom is aris madlis wyaro, maSin igi cdilobs, “daatyvevos”, 

daiqvemdebaros madli, rac SeuZlebelia: “sulsa vidreca unebn, qrin, da ÃmaÁ misi 

gesmis, aramed ara ici, vinaÁ movals da vidre vals”(in 3,8). 

714 ix. Ж. Видович, Трагедия и литургия, Современная драматургия, № 1 , январь-март 1998 (marTalia, 

msjelobis am monakveTSi Cven ZiriTadad veyrdnobodiT Jarko vidoviCis msjelobas, 

magram ar viziarebT mis mier aristoteles kritikas). sazogado cnobierebidan 

pirovnul cnobierebaze anu miTidan filosofiaze gadasvlaSi tragediis gardamavali 

rolis Sesaxeb ix. А.В. Ахутин, Открытие сознания. Древнегреческая трагедия и философия, Тяжба о 

бытии, М. 1997 (http://synergia-isa.ru/lib/download/lib/ahut/ahutin_1/06%20CH.1.%20otkrytie%20soznanija.doc) 

223

aramed _ RmerTebis Zala, anu madli. amrigad, adamianebi moqmedebdnen 

RmerTebis pirispir. aseTi iyo tragediuli pirovnuli cnobiereba – 

cnobiereba RvTaebrivi sisrulis, dasrulebulobisa da logosis 

pirispir dgoma. swored RmerTTan pirispir moqmedebisas gancdilze 

ibadeboda cnebiTi azrovneba, rogorc filosofia da SemdgomSi ki _ 

qristianuli dogmebi. tragedia iyo toposi, sadac adamiansa da RmerTebs 

Soris tragikuli zRvari gadailaxeboda. is iyo are, sadac gancdebis 

zRvruli daZabulobisas SeiZleba anTebuliyo pirovnuli aqtis, anu 

cnobierebis naperwkali. 715 am movlenisaTvis SeiZleba gvewodebina 

eqsistencia an eqstazi. 716 

Jarko videviCis azriT, tragediis inscenirebaSi arsebobs samgvari 

erTianoba. pirvelia moqmedebis erTianoba, rac niSnavs imas, rom 

msaxiobis moqmedeba an scenaze yofna aris igiveobrivi inscenirebuli 

gmiris moqmedebasTan an yofnasTan. anu, miTiuri gmiris moqmedeba unda 

emTxveodes (emTxveva ara bukvalurad, aramed _ igiveobriobiT) 

tragikosis aRwerili gmiris moqmedebas da es ukanaskneli ki msaxiobis 

moqmedebas scenaze. es erTianoba ar aris litoni logikuri erTianoba, 

aramed _ xatis erTianoba (romelSic aris logikuroba, ra Tqma unda), 

sadac msaxiobis pirovnebaSi amoicnoba (SegveZlo gveTqva, Seicnoba) 

tragikosis gmiri, magram ise, rom Tavad msaxiobis namdvili pirovneba 

narCundeba gamijnuli gmirisagan. gmiri da msaxiobi erTiandebian miTiur 

xatSi da am xatSi erTiandeba amomcnobic. 

arsebobs adgilis erTianobac. miTiuri adgili – vTqvaT, promeTes 

kavkasia, scenis adgilmdebareoba – aTeni, da Tavad scena. 

dramaSi vlindeba drois erTianobac – miTiuris, tragediis 

Seqmnisa da inscenirebis. 

am sami erTianobis Tavmoyra ki xdeba erT romelime momentSi da es 

momentia dResaswauli – dResaswauli, rogorc garkveuli saxis 

RmerTmCenoba. anu, rodesac sami sxvadasxva moqmedeba, adgili da dro 

715 Sdr. М. Мамардашвили, Эстетика мышления, Москва, 2001, 26-29. 

716 

aristotele poetikis me-17 paragrafSi (1455b) sityva eqstazs iyenebs maniasTan 

mimarTebaSi. magram, Cveni azriT, aristotelesaTvis mniSvnelovania ara individualuri 

eqstazi, aramed dramis iseTi aRnagoba, sadac warmoiqmneba imgvari daZabulobis veli, 

rom monawileebSi (da mayureblebic monawileebi arian) SeiZleba warmoiSvas 

sayovelTaos gagebis gancda, romelic aRemateba individis eul gancdas, rasac Cven 

SegviZlia vuwodoT pirovnuli gancda. cneba eqstazs qvemoT davubrundebiT. 

224

erTiandeba, gadailaxeba drois mdinareba da dgeba maradiuli myisi. 717 es 

myisia Teofaniis dro, rodesac “aq” Cndeba is, rac aris “iq” –“aq” da “iq” 

xdeba erTi (modis sufeva misi). qristianobaSi amas ewodeba epiklisisis 

Jami –konkretuli taZris trapezze konkretul dros xorcieldeba is, 

rac moxda golgoTaze da ierusalimSi sulTmofenobisas, rogorc es 

aRwerilia wminda werilSi da inscenirebulia liturgiaSi. 

amrigad, Cven vnaxeT, rom rituals aqvs metafizikuri ganzomileba – 

is rac ritualirdeba da rogorc ritualirdeba, iqceva realobad. 

berZnul dramasac hqonda misterialuri safuZvlebi da SenarCunebuli 

iyo erTgvari rituali, romelic akavSirebda adamians RvTaebriv 

realobasTan da qmnida mas (adamians) am realobis aqtiur monawiled 

pirovnuli aqtis gziT. amave dros, es saRvTo realoba iqceoda 

erTaderT sazogadoebriv sinamdviled, romeli sazogadoebac iyo xati 

RvTaebrivis, oRond iseTi xati, romelic namdvilad akavSirebda adamians 

RvTaebrivTan da am saRvTo realobaSi adamiani poulobda Tanaadamians. 

unda davamatoT, rom qristianul liturgias Zireulad araferi 

Seucvlia tragediis gagebaSi. man mxolod Zveli miTebi axali miTiT da 

miTebiT Caanacvla da es, ZiriTadad, ganxorcielda politikuri aqtiT – 

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs milanis 313 wlis ediqti. 

aqve gvinda aRvniSnoT erTi ram. rogorc vTqviT, tragedia 

ukavSirdeba pirovnebis sublimirebas da is aRar aris upirovno 

warmonaqmni. igi aris rgoli miTosidan filosofiisaken gardamavali. 

tragedia yovelTvis atarebs Tavisi avtoris saxels. aseve liturgiebic 

atareben _ avtoris konkretul saxels. 718 

717 Ж. Видович, Трагедия и литургия 9... 

718 sinamdvileSi arc erTi liturgiis namdvili avtori araa dadgenili. isini ufro 

spontanuri da sazogadoebrivi warmonaqmnebia. mxolod SemdgomSi, post factum, 

liturgiebs uwodes, ukeTes SemTxvevebSi, reformatorebis da momwesrigeblebis 

saxelebi. nebismier SemTxvevaSi tendencia saxezea. 

225

5.3. Teurgiuli rituali 

neoplatonikosi iambliqosi Tavis traqtatSi De mysteriis 719 Teurgiuli 

moqmedebis oTx stadias gamoyofs: 1. sulis ganwmenda, 2. gonebis varjiSi 

(filosofia, cnebiTi azrovneba), 3. RmerTebTan ziareba da maTi xedva, 4. 

SeerTeba RmerTebTan (X, 5). Teurgi icvleba TandaTanobiT da aRwevs, 

gaxdes zekosmiuri RmerTi da SeuZlia marTos kosmiuri sagnebi da 

movlenebi. amas igi aRwevs, rodesac gamouTqmeli simboloebis 

saSualebiT Seimosavs saRvTo saxes (IV, 2). am mdgomareobaSi Teurgs aRar 

sWirdeba ritualebi, radgan icis saRvTo simboloebi da niSnebi da maT 

mier yovelgvari xelovnuri operaciis gareSe ukve bunebiTad, ese igi 

SeZenili RvTaebrivi bunebis wyalobiT asrulebs magiur moqmedebebs. 

Teurgiis pirvel etapze igi manipulirebs materialuri sagnebiT, 

ritualebiT, magram TandaTan igi aRwevs RmerTobas da moqmedebs ukve 

maT gareSe. nivTier doneze Teurgiis efeqturobas iambliqosaTvis 

gansazRvravs is faqti, rom RvTaebrivi gamobrwyineba (“TviTmCeni ram 

aris da TviTmoqmedi gadmoRvriT gamobrwyineba (έλλαµψις)” (I, 8, 12)) efineba 

yvelafers da aRwevs yvela saganSi. magram, yvela saganSi es erTiani 

RvTaebrivi sinaTlis brwyinvaleba aris Taviseburad, imis Sesabamisad, 

Tu rogoria TiToeuli sagnis unari, gamoavlinos igi. es brwinvaleba 

mravldeba sagnebSi, magram ar kargavs Tavis erTianobas (I, 18). am etapze 

demonebis (qristianulad angelozTa mwyobrebis) saSualebiT aRwevs 

brwyinvaleba sagnebTan, magram srulyofil Teurgs aRar sWirdeba 

angelosTa dasebi, radgan igi Tavad Wvrets simboloebs da uSualod 

urTierTobs RmerTTan (II, 2, 11). nivTieri sagnebis ritualuri 

operirebisas adamianis goneba modis im kondiciaSi, rom xdeba 

RmerTebTan urTierTobis SemZle (“adamianis gonebis unars daxvews 

719 Jamblich, De Mysteriis liber / Rec. G.Parthey. Berolini, 1857. Ямвлих. О египетских мистериях / Пер. Л. Ю. 

Лукомского. М., 1995 (iqve ix. Sesavali leonid lukomskis Sesavali ). ix. A. Петров, Полемика 

Порфирия и Ямвлиха, Теургия: социо-культурные аспекты возникновения философски интерпретированной 

магии в античности, Санкт-Петербург 2001 

(http://www.centant.pu.ru/aristeas/monogr/petrov/001_0206.htm#porph); aseve Αν. Μάνος, Η τέχνη ως µέσον 

καθάρσεως της ψυχής, Η Οντολογία του κακού παρά Πλωτίνω. Ηθικοί και µεταηθικοί απόηχοι, Αθήνα 2002; С.С. 

Хоружий, Заметки к энергийной антропологии. "Духовная практика" и "отверзание чувств": два концепта в 

сравнительной перспективе 7, "Вопросы философии", №3, 1999; Leonard George, Between and Anteros. The 

Teachings of Iamblichus, Lapis 13 (Spring 2001); Edw. Moore, "Likeness to God as Far as Possible": Deification 

Doctrine in Iamblichus and Three Eastern Christian Fathers, Theandros Vol.3/1 Fall 2005 

(http://www.theandros.com/iamblichus.html). 

226

saRvTosTan wilmqoneobisaTvis” (I, 12)). 720 locvac aseTive rangis 

moRvaweobaa. igi RmerTebTan Tavisi daSorebis gacnobierebiT da am 

codnaze meditaciiT amzadebs da srulqmnis adamians saRvTo 

srulyofilebis misaRebad 721 (I, 15). 

rogorc vxedavT, iambliqosTanac Teurgias – rituals da locvas, 

iseTive moqmedeba aqvs, rogorc aristotelesTan _ dramas. isini 

amzadeben adamians pirovnuli aqtisaTvis. erTi mxriv, ritualuri 

qmedebebi rTavs adamians saRvTo realobaSi, meore mxriv, gancdebis 

daZabviT da mowesrigebiT mihyavs adamiani RmerTebTan Sexvedris 

pirovnul aqtamde, anu, qristianulad rom vTqvaT, ganaRmrTobs mas. 722 

5.4. berZnuli polisi da qristianuli eklesia 

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom iambliqosi da aristotele ar iyvnen 

gamonaklisebi berZnul azrovnebaSi. piriqiT, piTagorelebis 723 , Tavad 

platonisa 724 da neoplatonikosebis 725 da zogadad Zveli berZnuli 

filosofiis Ziebebic ZiriTadad iyo religiuri da cxovrebiseuli, anu 

religiur gancdaze dafuZnebuli. filosofia maTTvis warmoadgenda am 

720 Sdr. Ed. Moore, Likeness to God as Far as Possible": Deification Doctrine in Iamblichus and Three Eastern 

Christian Fathers, Theandroas. An Online Journal of Orthodox Christian Theology and Philosophy V. 3/1, Fall 2005 

(http://www.theandros.com/iamblichus.html#_edn31): “This mild criticism of Iamblichus does not, however, detract 

from the supreme importance he places on the soul's participation in the Godhead - a participation more direct, more 

mutual, and more individually creative than what is found in Christian liturgical and mystical writings (See, for 

comparison, St. Cyril of Jerusalem, Lectures on the Christian Sacraments: The Procatechesis and the Five Mystical 

Catecheses, ed. F.L. Cross (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press 1995)). 

All of theurgy has a two-fold character. One is that it is a rite conducted by men which preserves our natural order in 

the universe; the other is that it is empowered by divine symbols [theia sunthêmata], is raised up through them to be 

joined on high with the Gods, and is led harmoniously round to their order. This latter aspect can rightly be called 

'taking the shape of the Gods' [θεόν καταµαθόµεν, RmerTs SevimecnebT] (De Mysteriis 184, 1-8 [1.12.33-41 

f.]). Unlike Christian eschatology, the telos of Iamblichean theurgy is not the establishment of a new mode of 

existence outside this cosmos, but a perfection of human-divine existence within the cosmos. While this eliminates 

the historical dimension of human existence - i.e., striving for an indeterminate future - it does preserve the creative 

aspect of our intellectual union with a higher, divine principle”. 

721 imave sakiTxebisaTvis plotinisTan ix. Αν. Μάνος, Η τέχνη ως µέσον καθάρσεως της ψυχής, Η 

Οντολογία του κακού παρά Πλωτίνω. Ηθικοί και µεταηθικοί απόηχοι, Αθήνα 2002, 178-186. 

722 ix. В. В. Петров, Богословие Евхаристии в “Corpus Areopagiticum” и у прп. Миксима Исповедника... 4-6. 

723 Sdr. ∆. Κρικώνης, Η αρχαία ελληνική φιλοσοφία τ. Α΄, Θεσσαλονίκη 2002, 55, misive, Η αρχαία ελληνική 

φιλοσοφία τ. Β΄, Θεσσαλονίκη 2002, 205. piTagoras orfizmTan kavSiris Sesaxeb ix. Θ. Ζήσης, 

Πλατωνικά, Θεσσαλονίκη 1995, 26-27. 

724 Ν. Ματσούκας, Ιστορία της φιλοσοφίας, Θεσσαλονίκη 1997, 173: “platonis naSromebSi zecieri 

samyarosadmi nostalgias aqvs mkveTrad gamoxatuli xasiaTi. [...] ideebis Sesaxeb Teoria 

unda ganimartos platonis religiuri gamocdilebis safuZvelze...” 

725 R.T. Wallis, Νεοπλατωνισµός, Αθήνα 2002, 21: “SegviZlia gavarCioT neoplatonizmis sami saxe, 

[...] metafizikuri, ganmartebiTi da religiuri, anu gamocdilebiTi [...] Teoriuli codna, 

romelsac iZleoda pirveli ori midgoma iyo bevrad dabali adamianis gonebaSi 

samyaros uSualo gamocdilebasTan SedarebiT”. Cven ukve vnaxeT zemoT, rom dionise 

areopagelisaTvis da maqsime aRmsareblisaTvisac metafizikuri sinamdvilis uSualo 

gamocdileba iyo prerogatiuli sxva saxis gamocdilebebTan SedarebiT. 

227

gancdebis mowesrigebasa da gonier warmarTvas. berZenisaTvis (da Semdgom 

qristianebisaTvisac) filosofia iyo cxovrebis wesi. berZnuli miRwevaa 

Teoriisa da praqtikis iseTi SemoqmedebiTi erTianoba, romelic 

miuRweveli iyo sxva kulturebisaTvis. 726 maTTvis azrovneba, marTalia, 

alagebs zogadsa da calkeuls garkveul erTianobaSi, magram igi mainc 

mudam rCeba obieqturi da fizikuri realobis CarCoSi. imisaTvis, rom igi 

gafarTovdes metafizikur donemde, man unda gadalaxos logikuri 

sqemebis Caketiloba da gadavides simboluri enis sferoSi. es ki 

berZnul azrovnebasa da eTosSi xorcieldeboda logosisa (azrovnebis) 

da miTosis “SeuRlebiT”. Tuki logosi moqmedebda Teoriisa da praqtikis 

fizikur doneze, miToss ufro farTo ganzomilebebSi gadahyavda 

adamianis arsebobis mimarTeba zogadisa da calkeulisadmi. WeSmaritebis 

filosofiuri gansazRvrebebi amodiodnen rogorc logosidan, ise 

miTosidan – rodesac vlaparakobT miTosze, ar unda dagvaviwydes misi 

tragediuli “gaTamaSeba” (διαγωγή 727 ), romelzec zemoT visaubreT. miTosi 

logosTan erTad aRwevs iseT metafizikur sferoebs, romelic ar aris 

sxva ram, Tu ara kvleva da azris micema fizikuri da politikuri 

sinamdvilisaTvis. 

aseTi midgoma ucxo ar iyo Tavad aristotelesaTvis, romelic 

cnobilia Tavisi logikurobiT. misTvis “gancvifreba (gaoceba, 

gakvirveba 728 )” iyo is Zala, romelic adamians agdebda gaurkvevlobaSi da 

ubiZgebda azrovnebisaken, radgan gancvifrebisas obieqturi samyaro 

xdeboda gaurkveveli, gaugebari. amitom es samyaro imisaTvis, rom 

gasagebi gamxdariyo, saWiroebda axal sqemebs. saWiro xdeboda zogadi 

warmodgenebi. miTosic swored amas akeTebda 729 filosofiis uwin da 

726 ix. Ν. Ματσούκας, Ιστορία της φιλοσοφίας... 49-58 

727 Sdr. metafizika 981 b. cneba διαγωγή-is (garToba, gaTamaSeba, drois gatareba, cxovrebis 

yaida) kavSiris Sesaxeb poeziasTan – rac igivea zogadad Semoqmedebis _ da 

tragediasTan ix. s. danelia, aristotele... 59-61, iqve 123: “...tragedia aris garToba 

(διαγωγή), romelic mayurebels saxlidan motanili vnebebisagan wmends da amSvidebs”. 

728 

ZvelqarTulad sityva gankvirvebiT iTargmneboda cneba eqstazi. es ubralod 

damTxvevaa (anu aristoteleseuli gancvifreba,rogorc filosofiis sawyisi biZgi, 

daemTxva Zvel qarTul gankvirvebas, anu eqstazs) _ miTumetes, rom Cven axla ar 

vmsjelobT ZvelqarTuli terminebiT, magram, vfiqrobT, mainc aRniSvnis Rirsia. 

729 T. bokuCava, miTosi da qarTuli Teatri, saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis 

Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti, disertacia, Tbilisi 2006, 3, 12: “adamians, 

rogorc kulturSemoqmeds, apriorulad eZleva sinamdvilis maorganizebele mitosis 

‘gancda’, romelic realobis gamTlianebis safuZvels warmoadgens. es gancda realobis 

mTlianobis ganmsazRvreli safuZvelis arsebobis rwmenas emyareba, romelic, miuxedavad 

imisa, Tu sad ibadeba is _ primitiuli rwmenis, ganviTarebuli religiis, ideologiisa 

228

Semdeg masTan erTad (“gaurkvevlobaSi myofi da gaocebuli Tvlis Tavs 

armcodned imis gamo, rom miTismoyvarec filosofosia, radgan miTi 

Sedgeba saocrebebisagan)”. 730 miTi Tavisi warmodgenebiT anu xatebiT 

awesrigebs realobas da avlens arsebulis erTianobas _ da ara mxolod 

avlens, aramed “CaiTrevs” adamians am mowesrigebulobaSi da 

“ganacdevinebs” erTianobas. 731 es erTianoba ki Seexeba ara marto 

samyaros, aramed _ poliss da adamianis sulsac. 732 

amrigad, tragedia aris is toposi, sadac mowesrigdeba realoba erT 

harmoniad. xolo es harmonia aucileblobiT moicavs suls, polissa da 

samyaros. am samidan romelimes “amovardna” harmonias gadaaqcevs 

kakafoniad, 733 radgan samyaroc da polisic ireklaven imas, Tu rogor 

aris mowyobili suli da piriqiT. 

realobis aRnagobis aseTi aRqma gadavida qristianobaSic. 

politikuri da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis saxem gavlena iqonia eklesiis 

Tu mecnierebis wiaRSi _ realobis xatis Seqmnisa da struqturirebis safuZvels 

warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, unda vivaraudoT, rom sinamdvilis, rogorc mizanSewonili Tu 

mizanmimarTuli arsis gancdas erTgvari TanSobili zedamiTosuri arqetipi udevs 

safuZvlad, romlis saboloo daZleva, romlis farglebidan saboloo gamosvla, 

kulturis dasasrulis anu kolafsis tolfasia. [...] miTi, CvenTvis, erTsa da imave dros, 

religiac aris, ideologiac, esTetikac da metafizikac. [...] miTisadmi apelireba xdeba 

sxvadasxva saxiT, cnobierad da gaucnobierebelad. miTi rogorc sicocxlis 

maorganizebeli faqtori da rogorc samyaros mTlianobis ganWvretisa da gancdis 

zogadi forma _ ukvdavia”. 

730 metafizika 982 b. Sdr. W. J. Wood, On the Uses and Advantages off an Epistemology for Life, Postmodern 

Philosophy and Christian Thought, edited by Merold Westphal, Indiana University Press, 1999, 14: “According to 

Aristotle, virtues are well anchored, reliable dispositions that people acquire over time, enabling them to think and 

feel and act in ways that contribute to their fulfillment… Compassionate persons, for example, must have powers of 

moral perception and judgment that reliably indicate to them persons who are in needs… compassionate persons act 

appropriately to alleviate need, such action of the requiring careful deliberation… [moral virtues] closely is 

intertwined with excellence in such cognitive abilities as deliberation and judgment”. e.i. imas, rasac aRZravs 

adamianSi tragedia, anu Tanalmobas, igi TavisTavSi gulisxmobs ganmrCevelobas, 

rogorc azrovnebasa da gansjas. is, rasac iwvevs tragedia, moiTxovs logikur 

azrovnebas da filosofosobas. amdenad, saxezea tragedia-filosofiis wyvili. 

731 ix. Ν. Ματσούκας, Ιστορία της φιλοσοφίας... 58-65. Sdr. Ал. Лосев. Ранний и средний эллинизм, 

чувственно-материальный космос как объект. §2 Средний эллинизм, История античной философии в 

конспективном изложении, М.: "Мысль", 1989 (http://psylib.org.ua/books/losew01/txt05.htm): “исходный и 

общий для всей античности чувственно-материальный космос стал таким неделимым существом, в 

котором ноуменальная структура через посредство души стала общекосмическим телом. Но это и значит, 

что чувственно-материальный космос стал единственным и единичным живым существом, то есть 

человеком, то есть мифом. Это уже была не диалектика объекта и не диалектика субъекта, а 

диалектическое их нерушимое единство, то есть диалектика мифологии. [...] Подлинный диалектический 

синтез объекта и субъекта есть человек; а это значит, что философия стала {мифологией}, поскольку 

только в мифе человеческая мысль становится реальной, материальной и природной субстанцией”. aseve 

С.С. Хоружий, Заметки к энергийной антропологии." Духовная практика..: “Фиpменная цельность 

эллинского миpосозеpцания являет тyт себя как нельзя яpче: в теме дyховных чyвств (и не только в ней) 

неоплатонизм дает совеpшенный философский синтез того, что yтвеpждают мистеpии; мистеpиальный опыт 

концептyальной пpоpаботкой возводится в гоpизонт философского опыта — и с тем начало и конец 

смыкаются в неpазделимое смысловое единство”. 

732 Sdr. М. Мамардашвили, Лекции по античной философии, Москва 2002, 301 

733 Sdr. iqve 302 

229

mowyobaze. Tavad sityva eklesia iyo Zveli berZnuli termini, romelic 

niSnavda erTi romelime polisis moqalaqeebis dadgenili periodulobiT 

TavSeyras mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad. xolo am Sekrebis 

mizans warmoadgenda is, rom Tavad masSi arekliliyo harmoniuli 

samyaros realoba, anu demosis (δήµος) Tavyriloba xdeboda polisis saxe 

da, amave dros, samyaros harmoniulobaSi adgilis povnis, masTan 

morgebis saSualeba. 734 tragediebic imarTeboda aseve periodulobiT da 

masac hqonda igive daniSnuleba. amave mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneboda Zveli 

berZnuli termini eklesia Zveli (septuagintas) da axali aRTqmis 

wignebSi. iq sityva eklesia ukavSirdeba RmerTs _ “RmerTis eklesia” an 

“qristes eklesia”. es ki niSnavs, rom am SemTxvevaSi ara TavisTavad 

demosi, anu eklesia xdeboda WeSmaritebis wyaro, aramed RmerTi. amrigad, 

eklesias xelmZRvanelobs RmerTi, qriste da suliwmida. 735 “zeciuri 

samefo”, anu namdvilad myofi realoba(rac aris samerTeba RmerTis 

RvTaebrivi socialuroba), airekleba eklesiaSi. magram eklesiis 

dadginebisa da gamovlinebis upirvelesi saxe aris swored misi 

misterialuri cxovreba 736 da, pirvel rigSi, evqaristia _ 

gaqristianebuli ZvelberZnuli drama. TiToeuli morwmune mxolod 

misteriis gziT SeiZleba gaxdes da SenarCundes rogorc eklesiis wevri. 

rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, aristoteleseuli kaTarzisi dionise 

areopagelTan naTlobis misterias ukavSirdeba, xolo gansruleba aris 

evqaristia, sadac kaTarzisi aRwevs Tavis daniSnulebas. 737 

734 ix. Chr. Yannaras, Human Rights and the Othodox Church... 

735 Ι. Ζηζίουλας, Ελληνισµός και χριστιανισµός. Η Συνάντηση των δυο κόσµων, Αθήνα 2003, 126-130. 

736 iqve, 116-121, 131-138. aseve J. D. Zizioulas, The Early Christian Community, Christian Spirituality. Origins 

to the Twelfth Century, Edited by Bernard McGinn, John Meyendorff and Jean Leclercq. Crossroad, New York 

1987, 30 “Spirituality in this Eucharistic context acquires an ontological and not simply moral or a psychological 

context… it is identical with overcoming death through the acquisition of a new identity based on new relationships 

which are identical with the Father-Son relationship of the Holy Trinity. [...] Membership in the church as the body 

of those who through baptism and the Eucharist have acquired such an identity was the source of true spirituality. 

Spirituality is an ecclesial and not an individual experience. [...] The way the Eucharistic community was composed 

portrayed the “way of being” that will characterize the kingdo. [...] This meant that the Eucharist community was a 

catholic community, and the members of this community were expected to show a catholic ethos in their spiritual 

life”. 

737 naTlisRebisa da mironcxebis ritualis Sedegi aris swored RvTivsaxovan siqveleTa 

kvlav CaTesva RmerTSobil adamianSi (saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb 4,1). xolo sinaqsisis 

misteria, romelic aris misteriebis misteria (saeklesio ierar... 3,1), dahbeWdavs 

danarCen misteriebs. es rituali mRvdelmoqmedebs adamianis Sekrebilobas/sinaqss, mis 

urTierTziarebas da SekavSirebas zeerTTan. ra Tqma unda, am ritualis centrSi dgas 

qriste. igi ara mxolod gamoisaxeba, aramed wiliqoneba (µετέχεται) (Sdr. saeklesio ierar... 

3,12). 

230

dabolos, sanam gadavidodeT maqsime aRmsarebelze, gvinda marsel 

denienes gamokvlevaze dayrdnobiT aRvniSnoT, rom berZnebisaTvis 

RmerTebis neba, anu metafizikuri realoba ar iyo cxovrebis wesis 

erTaderTi ganmsazRvreli. berZnebi tradiciaze dayrdnobiT, sakuTari 

ZalisxmeviT da “eqsperimentebiT” eZebdnen iseT saukeTeso da qmediT 

saxes, romelic efeqturad moewyobda, “Seamwyobrebda” polisis da, 

amdenad, moqalaqeebis cxovrebas. 738 miTosis da logosis _ rogorc 

azovneba, Zieba da riski _ SeuRleba iyo berZnuli civilizaciis mTavari 

da ganmsazRvreli principi, romelic, faqtobrivad, ucvlelad gadmoiRo 

qristianobam. am ukanasknelma mxolod miTis “fabula” Secvala, ramac, ra 

Tqma unda, Taviseburi gziT waiyvana qristianuli samyaro, magram 

principi ucvleli darCa. 

5.5. ritualuri Semecneba maqsime aRmsarebelTan 

zemoT ukve ramdenjerme aRvniSneT, rom berZnuli drama SemoqmedebiTad 

iqna aTvisebuli qristianul liturgiaSi. maqsime aRmsareblis mistagogia 

ki swored liturgiis komentaria. aq Cveni mizania, mokled vaCvenoT, Tu 

rogor SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes mistagogia aristoteleseul tragedias 

da iambliqoseul/neoplatonur Teurgias. 739 

magram jer, sanam uSualod mistagogiaze gadavidodeT, gvinda 

SevCerdeT Talasesadmis erT pasaJze: 

“mxedveli (θεωρητικός) goneba gznebas da ndomobas azrovnebis (λόγου) 

uRelSi Seabams, raTa mxneobiTa da gonierebiT emsaxuron siqveleebs da 

ar AaZlevs maT Tavisuflebas, sanam sulieri kanoniT ar STainTqmeba 

bunebis kanoni, rogorc usazRvro sicocxlis mier xorcis sagodebeli 

sikvdili da sanam ar gamoCndeba cxadad dausabamo samefos xati, 

romelsac aqvs mimsgavsebiT pirvelsaxis (αρχετύπου) mTeli (sruli) saxe 

(µορφήν). iq moxvedrili mxedveli goneba aTavisuflebs ndomobas da 

gznebas – erTs gardaqmnis, raTa mieces saRvTo trfialebis SeumRvrevel 

tkbobas da ubiwo xibls, xolo meore gadahyavs sulieri mxurvalebis da 

aalebis maradmoZraobasa da gonier sigiJeSi (σώφρονα µάνιαν, 

738 M. Detienne, The Gods of Politics in Early Greek Cities, Political Theologies.Public Religions in a Post-Secular 

World, Edited by Hent de Vries and Lawrence E. Sullivan, Fordham University Press, New York 2006, 100: “As all 

Hellenists know, the ritual calendar, with all its information, relayed about fifty percent of the ‘laws’ of Solon. But 

the essential point is that ‘the affaris of the gods’, the first section of ‘public matters’, were debated, disscused, and 

dicided in the assembly. [...] So the sovereignity of the group over itself clearly also covered its gods and their 

affairs. [...] the gods... never thought of inventing such a thing as ‘city’. Cities were an invention of men, of mortals, 

and one of fine days woke up to this fact. [...] Of all the human activities, politics was thus the one that was 

specifically constructed by human beings. [...] The autonomy of the political domain did not simply fall from the 

sky”. Sdr. М. Мамардашвили, Лекции по античной философии... 298. 

739 ZvelberZnul azrovnebasa da qristianobaSi simboloebis Teologiuri analizisaTvis 

ix. Π. Ι. Σκαλτσής, Η των συµβόλων αλήθεια (Φαινοµενολογική και θεολογική προσέγγιση), Λειτουργικές µελέτες, 

Θεσσαλονίκη 1999, 13-36. 

231

saRazrovnebiT maniaSi). amaT mier [...] gonier sigiJes RmerTisadmi eqstazs 

uwodebs, romelic arsebulTagan garegaiyvans misiT Sepyrobil 

saRmoazrovne gonebas.” 740 

zemoT mravalgzis vnaxeT, rom dionisesa da maqsimesaTvis evqaristiuli, 

anu misterialuri koneqsti _ da, vfiqrobT, axla ukve cxadia, rom 

tragediuli konteqstic _ mudam saxezea nebismieri gvaris 

RvTiswvdomisas da gansakuTrebiT ki eqstazuri Semecnebisas. am pasaJSi 

vxedavT, rom eqstazi uigivdeba sigiJes/manias. am ori terminis 

sinonimuroba Cveulebrivi momentia Zv. berZnuli samyarosaTvis 741 , magram 

sainteresoa, Tu isini rogor arian erTad mocemuli poetikis erTsa da 

imave konteqstSi 

“ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, moqmedeba unda iyos Tan garegnulad kargad 

gamokveTili. yvelaze ufro damajerebelni arian is poetebi, romlebic 

vnebaTa dargSi imave bunebis arian: aRelvebs is, vinc TviTon 

aRelvebulia da risxvas iwvevs is, vinc uWeSmaritesad ganrisxebulia. 

amitomac poetis Semoqmedeba aris bunebisagan kargad dajildoebuli 

(εὐφυοῦς, keTilbunebovani –k.k) kacis saqme, an gadareulis (µανικοῦ). xolo 

amaTgan pirvelebs aqvT unari sxvadasxva forma miiRon, xolo meoreni 

eqstatikosebi arian (ἐκστατικοί).” 742 

am pasaJis interpretacia azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs, rac 

niSandoblivia mTlianad poetikisaTvis. 743 es situacia asaxulia Tavad 

TargmanebSic. sergi danelias es Targmani upiratesobas aniWebs 

keTilbunebovans. igi SeniSvnaSic ambobs, rom, aristoteles azriT, poeti 

unda iyos geniosi (keTilbunebovani) da ara gadareuli, anu 

eqstatikosi. 744 aseTi viTareba ar gvaqvs sxva TargmanebSi. 745 piriqiT, Cvens 

xelT arsebuli eqvsi Targmanidan xuTi Tanabar mniSvnelobas aniWebs 

orive unars. 746 sityvasityviTi Targmani ki iqneboda: “amitom poetika aris 

740 Talasesadmi 55 PG 90, 348∆-349Α Sdr. sxvadasxva Teologiuri da gangebulebiTi T... 3, 

54 -56 PG1284B-1285A 

741 ix. r. gordeziani, berZnuli literatura... 285 

742 poetika 1455 a [29-32]. 

743 ix. r. gordeziani, berZnuli literatura... 281 

744 s. danelia, aristotele... 181 

745 

ix. aristotele, poetika, eqvsi paraleluri Targmani 

(http://nevmenandr.net/poetica/1455a22.php#comp#comp). sergi danelias pozicias emxroba mxolod 

butCeris (S.H. Butcher) 1902 wlis Targmani. 

746 Sdr. Humphry House, Aristotle's Poetics: A Course of Eight Lectures, Oxford, London 1956, 

(http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6274704), 11-12, 35-36: “Aristotle speaks at the psychological level, and 

uses a term taken over from Plato, his master, for the mysterious element, like madness, which may be involved. [...] 

Here is adumbrated a most important distinction between two types of poetic character. But it is no part of 

Aristotle's plan to develop it.., because he is writing primarily about the formal aspects of poetry, not about the 

psychology of creation. He is instructing his pupils how to write Tragedy or Epic, so far as it can be taught: 

232

keTilbunebovanis an giJis (maniakis): amaTgan erTni arian advilmoqnilni, 

meoreni ki _ eqstatikosebi (∆ιὸ εὐφυοῦς ἡ ποιητική ἐστιν ἢ µανικοῦ· τούτων γὰρ οἱ µὲν 

εὔπλαστοι οἱ δὲ ἐκστατικοί εἰσιν)”. am Targmanidan araferi mianiSnebs sergi 

danelias interpretaciis sasargeblod. vfiqrobT, eqstatikosoba iseTive 

niWia, rogorc keTilbunebovneba. es ase rom yofiliyo, araferi iqneboda 

gasakviri, radgan, erTi mxriv, Tavad aristotele aRiarebs tragediis 

misterialur fesvebs da cnobilia, rom swored misteria iyo eqstazis 

upiratesi adgili. 747 meore mxriv, tragediis aristoteleseuli gageba 

swored imaSi mdgomareobs, rom man iseTi mdgomareoba unda gamoiwvios 

adamianSi, rom moxdes misi (adamianis) kaTarzisi, misi transcendireba 

bunebrivi mdgomareobidan axal mdgomareobaSi, anu, maqsimeseulad rom 

vTqvaT, “sanam sulieri kanoniT ar STainTqmeba bunebis kanoni...… da sanam 

ar gamoCndeba cxadad dausabamo samefos xati”. Zneli saTqmelia, hqonda 

Tu ara maqsimes mxedvelobaSi poetikis es fraza, magram erTi ram cxadia, 

aristotelesTvisac da maqsimesTvisac eqstazi dakavSirebulia dramasTan 

da Cvenc migvaCnia, rom dakavSirebulia dadebiTad. anu, drama aris 

daZabulobis is veli, sadac inTeba gagebis naperwkali, rogorc 

pirovnuli aqti. magram, ra Tqma unda, is ar aris erTaderTi toposi. Cven 

vnaxeT, rom evqaristiis da dramis moqmedebis are ufro vrcelia, vidre 

Tavad isini. anu, isini moqmedeben yoveldRiurobaSic da eqstazi da 

gageba misterialur bazaze droisa da sivrcis nebismier momentSi aris 

SesaZlebeli – “Rirsia da samarTliani, rom Sen gigaloboT, Sen 

keTilgmetyvelebdeT, Sen gaqebdeT, Sen gmadlobdeT Seni xelmwifebis 

yovel adgilas”. 748 

da meore sakiTxi maqsimes am pasaJTan dakavSirebiT. iambliqosTan 

vnaxeT, rom saboloo etapze Teurgi demonTa/angelozTa “dasTa dasebis” 

gareSe Tavad Wvrets simboloebs da uSualod urTierTobs RmerTTan. 

magram Wvrets imave simboloebs. simboloebi xdeba maqsimalurad sufTa 

da gamWvirvale, magram isini mainc arian SenarCunebulni. 749 adamiani 

inspiration (madness) cannot be taught, and by the "art" of poetry is meant a consistent body of principles and rules 

for its composition rather than the capacity to apply them”. 

747 Sdr. r. gordeziani, berZnuli literatura... 281, 285. 

748 ix. ioane oqropiri wirvis anamnezisis locva 

749 is, rom neoplatonizmSi aseTi gageba bolomde mainc ar aris Camoyalibebuli da 

mainc narCundeba erTgvari dualizmi, anu adamianis sxeuli uaryofiTad aris gagebuli 

da sabolood gadalaxvadia ix. С.С. Хоружий, Заметки к энергийной антропологии… 

233

nebismier etapze mxolod simboloebiT (sityvac xom simboloa?!) 

urTierTobs sxva pirovnebasTan da pirovnebebTan. amasve ambobs maqsime: 

“gamoCndeba cxadad dausabamo samefos xati, romelsac aqvs mimsgavsebiT 

pirvelsaxis sruli saxe”. anu, mas aqvs sruli saxe, magram mainc 

mimsgavsebiT. 750 es sakiTxi mniSvnelovania, radgan azrovnebasa Tu 

sulieri warmatebis nebismier etapze simboloebiT operireba 

gardauvalia. magaliTad, dionises saRvTo saxelTas ganmartebisas 

maqsime (an “maqsime”) RmerTSi arsebul maradiul nebelobebs, anu 

arsebulTa ideebsa da paradigmebs, uwodebs materias, romelic, ra Tqma 

unda, ar aris igiveobrivi qmnili materiis, romlisaganac Seiqmnen 

adamianebi 751 : 

“RmerTi arsebobis uwin aris winaremyofi (προών). [...] winarearsebulad 

iTqmeba RmerTi da damatebiT iTqmeba arsebuladac, rogorc yovelives 

mizezi da Semdeg [iTqmeba], rom misgan aqvs yovelives arseboba. arseboba 

azrovnebiTad wilmqoneobiT Seudga mis winaremyofobas da ara imitom, 

rom RmerTi gaiyofa arsebobad da winarearsebobad, aramed misi neba, 

romelmac arsebobaSi gamoiyvana arsebulebi, iTqmeba winarearsebulad 

RmerTSi da am saRvTo nebaSi, romelSic arsebobisaTvis winagansazRvra 

qmnileba, safiqralia, rom uwinares sxvebze [nebebze], romelTa mierac 

arsebulebi eziarebian RmerTs, igulisxmeba (επινοείται, iazrovneba, 

moigoneba) Tavad RmerTi, rogorc ram uxucesi sawyisi, radgan jer 

arsebobs ram da maSin aris sicocxle da sibrZne. amrigad, uxilavi da 

umaRlesi gonebebi pirvelad arsebobas eziarebian da amgvarad 

sicocxles da sibrZnes. rogorc Cvens SemTxvevaSi uwinares raimesa 

750 Cveni azriT, dionisec da maqsimec, iseve rogorc yvela sxva saeklesio mwerali, vinc 

liturgias ganmartavda, swored simboloebis dawlobisa da gafaqizebisaTvis zrunavda 

da ara ritualis xeluxleblobis uzrunvelyofas an, metic, ar isaxavdnen miznad mis 

kidev axali simboloebiT datvirTvasa da gabundovnebas. 

751 Sdr. В. Ф. Асмус, Неоплатонизм, Античная философия, Москва 1976, 516: “ Первое, что происходит из 

Единого, есть Ум. В Уме следует различать, по Плотину, три момента: 1) понятие вещества; 2) мыслимое 

бытие; 3) само мышление.[...] «Вещество», образующее момент Ума, есть форма, определенная от вечности, 

и вечно остается таким. [...] «Вещество» Ума, или идеального мира, есть бытие, сущее: за ним пребывает 

Единое, которое уже не есть сущее”. asmusis es Sexeduleba sadavoa, radgan is pirveli 

materia ar aris plotinTan mkacrad gansazRvruli, rogorc gonebis sferoSi arsebuli. 

piriqiT, is ufro erTs uaxlovdeba. gvian neoplatonizmSi, kerZod ki proklesTan, 

goniTi hule gardaiqmneba henadebis sferod, romelic erTis hipostasSi erTiandeba. 

henadebi dionisesTan da maqsimesTan gardaiqmneba nebelobebad. Tumca 

neoplatonikosebTan logosebi, rogorc aseTi, sulis sferoa – suli Wvrets gonebaSi 

arsebul ideebs da am ideebis safuZvelze Tavis TavSi qmnis calkeul arsebulTa 

logosebs (ix. Св. Мельник, Плотин об идеях вещей, Logos 6 

(1999)(http://www.ruthenia.ru/logos/number/1999_06/1999_6_07.htm), 59-67; Sdr. R.T. Wallis, 

Νεοπλατωνισµός... 116-117; T.T. Tollefsen, The Christocentric Cosmology of St Maximus the Confessor, Oxsford 

University Press 2008, 81-92). rogorc vTqviT, maqsimesTan aseTi gradacia ar gvxvdeba. igi 

aerTianebs logosebs da ideebs da, amdenad, gonieri hule xdeba swored arsebulTa 

logosebis tani, anu qristes tani. SeiZleba Tu ara, iyos es tani petriwiseuli 

namdvilmyofi? rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Talasesadmi 13–Si logosebi arian 

προκαταρτισθνέτες. rusul TargmanSi es sityva gadmoTargmnilia, rogorc предуготовленные, 

inglisurad Teodor tolefseni mas Targmnis Semdegnairad - prepared (T.T. Tollefsen, The 

Christocentric Cosmology... 66). e. WeliZe mas Targmnis, rogorc dasafuZvlebuli. yvela am 

Targmanis mixedviT, qristes tani Semzadebuli yofila maradiulobaSi. xom ar SeiZleba, 

rom petriwi namdvilmyofis SeqmnulobaSi mis maradiul Semzadebulobas gulisxmobdes? 

234

Sedga nivTiereba (ύλη), romlisaganc varT, aseve usxeuloebis 

SemTxvevaSic, sagonebo nivTiereba, romliTac iazrovneba Tavad 

arsebuli TiToeulis sicocxliseuli gvari (είδος, saxeoba, eidosi), 

romliTac gaarsdeba sicocxled da sibrZned da msgavsebad. [...] rogorc 

vTqviT, ideebad da msgavsebebad (παραδείγµατα, paradigmebi), romlebic 

arian maradiuli RmerTis maradiuli TviTsruli naazrevni (νόησεις, 

nagonebarni), igulisxmebian Tavad ideebis wilmqoneTa elementebi da 

sawyisebi, univTo da usxeulo nivTiereba, romlebic (οίον, iseve rogorc) 

arian Seqmnili usxeulo mwyobrebi. TviTsicocxle, TviTsibrZne da 

TviTmwyobri da sxva paradigmebi arian RmerTSi, romelTac eziarebian 

qmnilebebi, rogorc wertils, anu centrs swori xazebi, romlebic 

wrewiris rkalisaken miemarTebian.” 752 

swored am paradigmebis, anu simboloebis tania RmerTsityvis tani. 

xolo es simboloebi arian arsebulebis logosebi da, amdenad, 

eqstazisas morwmune ki ar tovebs samyaros, aramed mas xedavs, 

“kiTxulobs” RmerTSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom maqsimes zogierTi pasaJi 

tovebs am azris sapirispiro STabeWdilebas, es viTareba cxadi xdeba 

misi teqstebis Sejerebisas. amitom, Tuki origenesaTvisσ aucilebeli iyo 

pirovnebis Tavisuflebis maradiuli SenarCunebisaTvis στάσις-κίνησις-γένησις 

–is Semdeg apokatastasisisas (αποκατά-στασις) kvlav dacemis daSveba, 

maqsimesTan es aucilebloba ar arsebobs _ γένησις-κίνησις-στάσις-is Semdeg 

adamians eZleva dausrulebeli ganviTarebis saSualeba, grigol noselis 

cnebis, epektasisis (επέκ-στασις) kvaldakval. pirovneba Tavad xdeba 

simbolo da sxva siboloebis centri. 753 masSi ixilveba auracxeli sxva 

simbolo. magram, masSi asaxuli sxva aRar aris iseTi, sanam iyo am 

asaxvamde. anu, rodesac es sxva xedavs Tavis Secvlil anarekls sxvaSi, 

maSin rogorc am sxvisagan da sxva mravali aseTive sxvebisagan Semdgari, 

anu sxvebiT “daunayreblad danayrebuli” Seicvleba (amgvarad, 

evqaristiul misiologias maradiuli xasiaTi aqvs). marTalia, es 

simboloebSi dausrulebeli cvlilebis SesaZlebloba ar gamoricxavs 

kvlav dacemis SesaZleblobas, magram dacemis aucilebloba aRar 

arsebobs. amgvarad, maqsimesTan moxda origenes, grigol noselisa da 

dionises SemoqmedebiTi aTviseba da ganviTareba. 754 

752 sqolioebi. saRvTo saxelTa 5, 5 PG 91, 323. 

753 ix. zemoT intersubieqturobasa da neoplatonuri TviTis Sesaxeb msjelobebi. 

754 Ed. Moore, Origen of Alexandria and St. Maximus the Confessor: An Analysis and Critical Evaluation of Their 

Eschatological Doctrines, Boca Raton, Florida USA 2005, 176-183. eduard muri amtkicebs, rom ambigva 

7–is (aq: sxvadasxva siZnele 9) mixedviT maqsimesTan esqatologiuri monoenergizmi 

saxezea, anu adamianis pirovneba saerTod dakargavs moqmedebas da mis zogad adamianur 

buneba/arsSi imoqmedebs mxolod RmerTi. amdenad, individualuri gamovlinebebi 

ganqardeba da pirovnuli Tavisufleba saerTod daikargeba. amas e. muri faSizmsac ki 

235

amasTan erTad, imave (Talasesadmi 55) pasaJidan Cans, rom eqstazisas 

sulis Zalebi araTu wyveten moqmedebas, aramed, piriqiT, mTeli 

TavisuflebiT amoqmeddebian. eqstazi, rogorc TviTmitoveba, anu RmerTis 

saboloo wvdoma, ar gulisxmobs TviTis ganqarvebas da galRobas 

RvTaebrivSi, aramed gulisxmobs RmerTTan pirovnul, pirispir Sexvedras. 

da meore _ swored am tanis aucileblobisa da gardauvlobis 

aRiarebiT maqsime cxadad iZleva pasuxs origenes WoWmanze _ eqneba Tu 

ara RmerTsityvas sxeuli da iarsebebs Tu ara igi Tavad maradiulad, 

rogorc qriste Tavis or bunebaSi. 755 anu, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, maqsime 

aneitralebs origenizmis ukidures individualizms da adamians 

yovelTvis tovebs simboloebis, anu Tana-qmnilebebTan intersubieqturi 

urTierTobebis areSi. 

axla gadavideT uSualod mistagogiaze. 756 maqsime mistagogiis 

pirvel TavSi aCvenebs, rom eklesia aris pirovnuli RmerTis xati. 

RmerTi aerTianebs yovel arsebuls, ar aZlevs maT saSualebas, iqcnen 

qaosad da SeakavSirebs maT imdagvarad, rom ar warxocs maT Soris 

gansxvavebulobas. imaves moqmedebs eklesiac. maqsime ambobs: 

“amrigad, rogorc iTqva, RmerTis xati aris wminda eklesia, radgan 

morwmuneebis imave erTianobas moqmedebs (ενεργούσα), rasac RmerTi [...] 

arsebulebis arsebis [am erTianobas] Seurwymelad moqmedebas (ενεργείν) 

aRmoacenebs Tavad [is], vinc, rogorc vaCveneT, sakuTar TavTan – rogorc 

mizezTan da sawyissa da saboloo mizanTan _, mimarTebiT da SeerTebiT 

awynarebs da igiveobrivyofs 757 maT gansxvavebulobas.” 758 

adarebs: “When Maximus speaks of our dependence upon God as a remedy for despair, he lapsing into a fascistic 

conception of God; for we know from history that fascist leaders always rise to power when the populace feels that 

they are helpless, and consequently long for a protector, regardless of the personal cost in terms of individual 

freedom and even justice. Indeed, as we are reminded throughout history (in a saying that has become rather cliched 

but true nonetheless), when people are scared, the first thing they are willing to sacrifice is their freedom. [...] 

Unfortunately, I am unable to discern any redeeming aspect of Maximus’ eschatology, for he posits our existence in 

a fascistic manner as enslavement to the will of a ruler (God) whose ways and reasons must be unquestioningly 

regarded as superior to our own, with the result that intellectual pursuit is, ultimately, superfluous”(iqve 181, 189). 

eduard muris am mtkicebiT RmerTSemecneba, iseve rogorc mTeli pirovnuli moRvaweoba, 

maqsimesTan fuWi da uperspeqtivo gamodis _ adamiani tiranis xelSi iqceva saTamaSod. 

Cven amgvar mosazrebas ar veTanxmebiT, rac, vfiqrobT, cxadad Cans Cvens am naSromSi. 

magram, kvlav gvinda, gavimeoroT, iseve rogorc gnomikuri nebis SemTxvevaSi, maqsime ar 

cdilobs, daasabuTos, rwmeniseuli sakiTxebi. igi mxolod aRwers mas. misTvis 

jvarcmuli RmerTis koncepti TavisTavad cxadad metyvelebs RmerTis tiranuli gagebis 

sawinaaRmdegod. 

755 am sakiTxze ix. A. Louth, The Origins of the Christian Mystical Tradition... 66, 70; В.В.Бычков, 

Неформализуемый Гнозис Оригена, Социальная философия и философская антропология. Труды и 

исследования, Москва 1995 (http://www.krotov.info/history/03/1/bych1995.html), 177-81. 

756 ix. G. D. Dragas, The Church in St. Maximus' Mystagogy. The Problem and the Orthodox Perspective, Irish 

Theological Quarterly (1987, 53/2) 113-129; Hierotheos (Metropolitan of Nafpaktos), The Mind of the Orthodox 

Church, http://www.vic.com/~tscon/pelagia/htm/b12.en.the_mind_of_the_orthodox_church.04.htm#4c#4c 

757 igiveobrivyofs - ταύτο ποιούµενος. aq: qmnis mas iseTs, rogoric unda iyos bunebrivad. 

758 mistagogia 1 PG 90, 668 BC 

236

eklesia moqmedebs morwmuneebis SekavSirebas da maTi gziT ki mTeli 

samyarosi (mistagogia 2-5,7), aerTianebs ra maT RmerTTan. me-2 TavSi, 

rodesac maqsime msjelobs imaze, Tu rogor aris eklesia xiluli da 

uxilavi samyaros xati, erTgvarad saCino xdeba, Tu ranairad SeiZleba 

gavigoT zemoT moyvanil citataSi orjer gamoyenebuli sityva moqmedeba 

(ενέργεια): 

“taZari aris ZaliT (κατά την δάναµιν, potenciiT) sakurTxeveli, radgan 

ganiwmindeba (ιερουργουµένον, imRvdelmoqmedeba) mistagogiis 

(saidumloTmZRvaneblobis, mRvdelmsaxurebis) saboloo miznisaken 

mimarTebiT. da piruku, sakurTxeveli aris moqmedebiTad (ενέργειαν) 

taZari, aqvs ra igi Tavisi mistagogiis sawyisad. xolo eklesia oriveSi 

erT da imaved narCundeba (erTi da igivea).” 759 

amrigad, liturgia aris amoqmedeba/energia arsebulebis da mTlianad 

samyaros potenciis. xolo saboloo mizani, telosi aris RmerTTan 

erToba, rac xorcieldeba qristeSi, anu Tavad qriste aris saboloo 

mizani da samyaro da arsebulebi ki potenciiT qristes tani –“[eklesia] 

aniWebs da mihmadlebs saRvTo saxes da saxels da rom warmomavlobdnen 

da saxeldebul-iqnan qristesagan”. 760 

ra kavSirSia yovelive es aritoteles dramasTan? 761 upirveles 

yovlisa, saxezea aSkarad aristoteleseuli terminologia potenciaenergia-(enteleqia)-telosi. 

liturgia aris procesi, romelic aRiwereba 

aristoteles terminebiT. umaterio forma/eidosis, umoZrao 

mamoZravebelis adgilas, romelic liturgiisas Tavisken miizidavs da 

amoZravebs arsebulebs, gvaqvs/gvyavs Tavad RmerTi-sityva, qriste, visi 

xatebacaa samyaro. 762 xolo uiliam gaTris Tanaxmad, aristoteleseul 

mTel sistemas δύναµις-isa da ενέργεια-s cnebebiT warmodgenili bunebis 

dinamikuri gageba gansazRvravs da swored mas eyrdnoba aristotele 

yvelaze farTo codnis sxva sferoebSi Tavis TeoriaTa 

759 mistagogia 1 PG 90, 669A. Sdr. iqve 5 PG 90, 676D-677A: “Tqva, rom gonebis Zliereba 

(δυναµιν, energia) aris sibrZne da rom Tavad aris sibrZnis potencia (δυναµει)”. am TavSi 

maqsime mravaljer iyenebs potencia-energiis wyvils, riTac is cdilobs, gadmosces 

adamianSi Cadebuli unaris amoqmedeba RmerTTan erTobis misaRwevad. 

760 mistagogia 1PG 90, 665 C 

761 zogadad imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor aisaxa qristianul TeologiaSi antikuri filosofia 

ix. П. Адо, Христанство как философия откровения, Что такое античная философия? Москва, 1999 

762 aristoteles metafizikis Sesaxeb ix. u. gaTri, berZeni filosofosebi, Tbilisi 1983, 

134-152; s. danelia, aristotele... 52-58; Ν. Ματσούκας, Ιστορία της φιλοσοφίας... 194-213. 

237

Camoyalibebisas. 763 rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, aristotelesaTvis tragedia 

aris swored Semecnebis erT-erTi saSualeba. 

“tragediis sawyisi da ase vTqvaT, misi suli 764 aris ambavi (miTosi, 

fabula)” _ ambobs aristotele poetikis me-6 paragrafSi. 765 23-e 

paragrafSi ki naTqvamia: “ambavi... tragediaSi unda iyos dramatulad 

Sedgenili, koncentrirebuli erTi mTliani da dasrulebuli moqmedebis 

garSemo, romelsac aqvs dasawyisi, Sua nawili da bolo, raTa aseTma... 

rogorc erTma mTlianma cocxalma organizmma, gamoiwvios misi 

Sesaferisi siamovneba”, 766 anu kaTarzisi. 767 

qristianuli dramis eidosi/suli aris fabula/miTi qristes 

Sesaxeb. is cocxlobs rogorc organizmi – qristes sxeuli. liturgia 

aris qristianuli drama. is aris sulis gadasvla potenciis 

mdgomareobidan moqmedebisaken da mimarTulia eidosis, rogorc saboloo 

miznis, telosis sruli ganxorcielebisaken – mTeli, xiluli da 

uxilavi samyaros qristes gansxeulebisaken. xolo miTosi, SegviZlia 

vTqvaT, scenari qristes Sesaxeb, aris wminda werili, romelic, maqsimes 

mixedviT, (rogorc mravalgzis vnaxeT zemoT) aseve RmerTsityvis 

sxeulia. amrigad, maqsimesaTvis liturgiaSi amoqmedebuli wminda werili, 

qristes tani miemarTeba Tavisi miznisaken qristes sxeulad saboloo, 

esqatologiuri ganxorcielebisaken da am procesSi _ iseve, rogorc 

763 u. gaTri, berZeni filosofosebi... 146. 

764 aristotelesaTvis sxeulis eidosi aris misi suli. 

765 aq da SemdgomSi Cven mivyvebiT sergi danelias Targmans. poetika $6, 1450a [35] (s. 

danelia, aristotele... 156). 

766 poetika $23, 1459a [15] (s. danelia, aristotele... 198). Sdr. poetika $6, 1449b [25] (s. 

danelia, aristotele... 153, 154): “tragedia aris asaxva diadi da dasrulebuli 

moqmedebisa, romelsac garkveuli sidide aqvs... asaxva moqmedebiT da ara moTxrobiT, 

asaxva, romelic Secodebisa da SiSis aRZvris saSualebiT amgvar vnebaTagan ganwmendas 

aRwevs. [...] [1450a 5] moqmedebis asaxva aris ambavi (miTosi). ambavs me veZaxi moqmedebaTa 

sistemas (σύνθεσιν, Sewyobas); poetika $7, 1450b [20-25, 35] (s. danelia, aristotele... 157, 158): 

“[...] tragedia aris asaxva dasrulebuli mTeli moqmedebisa, romelsac aqvs raRac... 

sidide mTeli aris is, rasac aqvs dasawyisi, Sua nawili da bolo. [...] simSveniere... 

sidideSi da wyobaSia”; poetika $8, 1451a [30] (s. danelia, aristotele... 160-161): “fabula 

(miTosi, ambavi), ramdenadac igi moqmedebis mibaZvaa, aris erTisa da imave mTelis asaxva, 

xolo saqcielTa nawilebi ise arian urTierT Soris Sewyobili, rom Tu erTi nawili 

gadasmuli an amoRebuli iqna, maSin mTelic gamoicvleba da waborZikdeba”. 

767 is, rom cnebebi kaTarzisi da siamovneba aristotelesaTvis adamianis erTsa da imave 

mdgomareobasa Tu sicocxlis da, amdenad, dramis mizans gamoxataven ix. s. danelia, 

aristotele... 130-131. 

238

aristoteleseuli da zogadad ZvelberZnuli drama _, “CaiTrevs” 

adamianebs, maTs sazogadoebas (poliss/eklesias) da samyaros mTlianad. 768 

magram liturgia aris ritualic da mas iseTive maxasiaTeblebi 

aqvs, rogorc es Cven aRvwereT am Tavis pirvel qveTavSi. maqsime ambobs: 

“[eklesias] saRvTo simboloebis aRsrulebis (τελουµένων) 769 wminda 

gawyobiT moicavs Cvens macxovnebel amdagvar misteriebs 

(saidumloebebs)”. 770 magram qriste aris “sityva metyvelTa da 

nametyvelebTa; da sicocxle cocxalTa da maTi, visac acocxleben 

(ζωουµένων, cocxlebulTa) da yoveliveSi myofi da xdomadi (γινόµενος).” 771 

qriste myofobs yvelaSi da ritualis gziT xdeba, anu imoqmedeba, 

energiad “iqmneba” yvelaSi: 

“maTi saSualebiT [simboloebis ritualuri amoqmedebiT] TiToeul 

CvenganSi, rodesac, ra Tqma unda, igi [TiToeuli Cvengani] qristes 

pirvelsaxis Tanaxmad sakuTari unaris Sesabamisad keTilad (καλώς, 

saTanadod) cxovrobs, moqmedebs [eklesia imas, rom] naTlobisas 772 

suliwmidaSi mocemuli Zeobilobis (Svilobilobis) saCuqari cxadi 

gaxdes, [rogorc] qristes msgavsad (xatad) amoqmedebuli (πολιτευόµενον 773 , 

cxovrebiT/moqalaqeobiT warmoCenili)”. 774 

iseve, rogorc es Cven pirvel qveTavSi vnaxeT, maqsimesaTvisac rituali 

“daxatavs” adamians qristes xatad da adamianTa jgufs ki metafizikuri 

768 Sdr. sxvadasxva siZnelis... 22, PG 91, 1129 CD: “Cvenebr, Cven gamo, CvenTvis qmnili 

xorcis mier da [sityvis] marcvlebSi da asoebSi Sezrqelda grZnobebisaTvis (grZnobis 

organoebisaTvis, sagrZnobelTaTvis)”. aleqsi losevis azriT, berZnuli azrovnebisaTvis 

mTlianoba, anu erTiani (neoplatonuri erTi) moicavs mis yovel nawils, magram Tavad 

ar daiyofa am nawilebad. is ar aris Sedgenili an jami am nawilebisagan. is aris 

idealuri erTianoba nawilebis. TiToeuli nawili aRbeWdilia erTianis energiiT. 

radgan erTiani aris iseTi idealuri erTianoba, romelic ar daiyofa droiT/sivrcul 

nawilebad, amitom TiToeuli nawilic aris erTianis ara droul/sivrculi idealuri 

nawilebi. magaliTad, atomistebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo meqanikurobis yovelnairi saxe, 

romlisTvisac erTiani ar aris sxva ram, Tu ara misi Semadgeneli nawilebi. pirveli 

atomistebis pozicia gveubneba, rom yoveli erTiani aRmocendeba atomebisagan zustad 

ise, rogorc tragedia asoebis SeerTebisagan (a. losevi, platonuri moZRvreba ricxvze, 

dumili, Tbilisi 1993, 51, 53-54. iqve atomebis geometriuli anu ricxvuli struqtura, 

67). amrigad tragediulad asoebi gardaiqmnebian erTian cocxal organizmad – 

pirovnebad, qalaqad, samyarod da qristianobaSi RmerTsityvis tanad. 

769 sainteresoa, rom axalberZnulad mTargmneli sityva τελουµένων-s konteqstidan 

gamomdinare Targmnis, rogorc gacocxlebuls (ζωντανεύονται). xolo sityva τελετή niSnavs 

aseve rituals. ase rom, es winadadeba SegveZlo gveTargmna: ritualSi simboloebis 

gawyobiT da gacocxlebiT... anu cocxal organizmad gadaqceviT. 

770 mistagogia, bolosityva, PG 90, 712AB 

771 mistagogia, Sesavali, PG 90, 664A 

772 rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, naTloba dionisesTan da maqsimesTan Seesabameba aristoteles 

kaTaziss. anu, naTlobis drama kaTarzisis process iwyebs monawileSi da liturgiis 

drama, rogorc “misteriaTa misteria”, ganasrulebs kaTarzisis dawyebul am process. 

773 

πολιτευόµενον – kidev erTi ZvelberZnuli terminia, romelic Seexeboda moqalaqis 

polisSi “keTilad”, saTanadod cxovrebas. 

774 mistagogia, bolosityva, PG 90, 712B 

239

ealobis, RmerTis samefo “qalaqis”, anu wminda samebis “moqalaqeebad” 

warmoaCens (ra Tqma unda, madliTad da ara bunebiTad). xolo amas igi 

akeTebs iambliqos Teurgiis msgavsad “magiurad” anu maSinac ki, rodesac 

ritualis monawiles bolomde gacnobierebulic ki ara aqvs ritualis 

yoveli simbolos TavisTavadi arsi (es xdeba, radgan TiToeuli 

ritualizirebuli sagani aris saRvTo gamonaTebis erTgvari WurWeli. 

xolo simbolizirebuli moqmedeba ki awesrigebs da harmoniad 

“gaawyobs” am gamonaTebebis gansagnebul nairgvarobas). Teurgiuli 

rituali “CaiTrevs” monawiles im realobaSi, romlisakenac igi aris 

mimarTuli. pirvel etapze monawilisaTvis sakmarisia rwmena, anu 

miTosisadmi elementaruli ndoba: 

“suliwmidis madli uxilavad marad myofobs, Taviseburad da umetesad 

ki wminda sinaqsisis (liturgiis) dros. igi TiToeul damswres 

(monawiles) sakuTari unaris Sesabamisad gardaqmnis da gardasaxavs, 

WaSmaritad usaRvToesad Sescvlis da mihyavs amoqmedebuli (τελουµένων, 

ritualizirebuli) misteriebis mier gamoxatulisaken. Tundac rom igi 

[monawile], radgan jer kidev qristeSi yrma aris, ver grZnobdes [amas] 

da moqmedebulis siRrmis xedvis uZluri iyos, da [aseve ver grZnobdes] 

saRvTo simboloTagan gamoxatuli cxovnebis TiToeuli amoqmedebuli 

(τελουµένων) madlis masSi moqmedebas, [mainc] harmoniuli morgebis da 

Sewyobilobis mier uaxloesTagan (igulisxmeba droSi maxlobeli 

movlenebi –k.k) yovelives (sagnebis da movlenebis –k.k) dasasrulisaken 

mihyavs”. 775 

maSasadame, rituali Teurgiulad “momarTavs” (“harmoniuli morgebis da 

Sewyobilobis ..”) monawilis suls, Caxatavs masSi saRvTo (Tu miTiur) 

realobas da, amgvarad, mas aqcevs pirovnebad da RvTaebrivi polisis 

moqalaqed, radgan am saRvTo poliss xdis miwier realobadac. amave 

dros, miuxedavad imisa, rom rituali, rogorc Teurgiuli aqtis 

realobaSi xorcieleba, erTgvarad avtomaturia, mainc aucilebelia 

miTis Tu sarwmunoebis WeSmaritebis elementaruli codna. 776 amas mowmobs 

775 mistagogia 24 PG 90, 704 A. 

776 De mysteriis, II 11: “da es arc azrovnebaa (msjelobaa, cneba –k.k), romelic Teurgebs 

RmerTebTan akavSirebs. radgan ra SeuSlida Teoretikos filosofosebs imaSi, rom 

hqonodaT RmerTebTanTeurgiuli kavSiri? magram sinamdvileSi saqme sxvagvaradaa: 

Teurgiuli erTobis mimniWebeli aris gamouTqmel da yovelgvar gagonebaze (azrovneba 

–k.k) amaRlebul saqmeTa RvTismosavad (RvTisSesaferisad –k.k) aRsruleba, agreTve 

mxolod RmerTebisaTvis sacnaur uxmo simboloTa Zala. amitom amgvar qmedebas 

gagonebiT (azrovnebiT –k.k) ver gamoviwvevT; aseT SemTxvevaSi maTi moqmedeba (energia, 

qmediToba) gonismieri iqneboda da Cvenze iqneboda damokidebuli. [...] Tavad niSnebi xom 

Cveni azrovnebis gareSec akeTeben Tavis saqmes, isini RmerTebisaken arian mimarTuli, 

xolo RmerTebis gamouTqmeli Zala TavisTavad Seicnobs sakuTar gamoxatulebes 

(xatebs –k.k), ise, rom Cveni gagonebis mier gamoRviZebas ar [saWirooebs] [...] magram 

qmediTi erTianoba arc Semecnebis gareSe warmoiqmneba, Tumca igiveobrivi mainc ar 

240

is faqtic, rom mistagogiaSi maqsime ramdenjerme ubrundeba dogmaturad 

fundamenturi WeSmaritebebis sakmaod dawvrilebiT gadmocemas. 777 anu, 

fabula, wminda werili da dogmatebia is orientirebi, romlisakenac 

unda iyos mimarTuli ritualis monawilis goneba da igi ar unda 

Cerdebodes mxolod garegnul formebze. es ki niSnavs, rom ara 

simboloebis formebia TviTmizani, aramed am simboloebSi gamoxatuli 

saRvTo/miTiuri realoba (amaze Cven ukve visaubreT pirvel qveTavSi). 

amasve ukavSirdeba meore sakiTxic. aristotele ambobs, rom 

tragedia kiTxviT, anu moZraobisa da inscenirebis gareSec aRwevs mizans, 

romelic aris kaTarzisi da yovelTvis ar aris aucilebeli misi scenaze 

gaTamaSeba. 778 iambliqosTan ki Cven vnaxeT, rom uritualo locvasac aqvs 

igive efeqti, rac Teurgias. xolo maqsime, Tavis mxriv, mistagogiis 

dasasrulSi, anu Sejamebisas ambobs: 

“gvwams, rom suliwmidiseul saCuqrebs, romlebic miviReT aq, am 

sicocxleSi rwmenismieri madliT, momaval saukuneSi (sicocxleSi) 

WeSmaritad Segvamovnebulad (ενυπόστατως, hipostasirebulad) miviRebT 

namdvili [saxiT] Cveni rwmeniseuli mtkice imedisa da misi Seuryeveli da 

utyuari aRTqmis mixedviT, vinc [amas] Segvpirda. radgan 

SeZlebisdagvarad vicavT mcnebebs da gvwams, rom mivaRwevT (gadavalT 

ra rwmeniTi madlidan [misi] saxis [xedvis] madlamde (2kor 5,7), vinc 

Segvcvlis Tavis Tavisken, anu RmerTi da Cveni macxovari ieso qriste) 

CvenSi arsebuli waxdenilobis saxeebis garSemoZarcvas da aqauri 

grZnobadi simboloebis wiaR miRebuli saidumloebebis arqetipebs 

(pirvelsaxeebs) mogvmadlebs [qriste]. 779 

maSasadame, ara ritualis esa Tu is formaa TviTmizani, aramed rituali 

adamians akavSirebs ufro farTo sferosTan, romlisakenac igi gonebiT 

unda iyos mimarTuli. 780 aseve, Cven vnaxeT zemoT, rom mxolod logikuri 

aris” (lela aleqsiZis Targmani. ix. l. aleqsiZe, neoplatonuri filosofia. plotini 

da iambliqosi. teqstebi, Targmani, ganmartebebi, gamomc. logosi, Tbilisi 2009, 153-154.). 

777 cxadia, rom es “elementaruli rwmena” mainc gulisxmobs “elementarul codnas”. 

amdenad, sCans, maqsime ar upirispirdeba aristoteleseul skepticizms imasTan 

dakavSirebiT, rom bavSvebisaTvis, anu moumzadeblebisaTvis tragedia usargebloa (ix. s. 

danelia, aristotele... 123). vfiqrobT, amiT eWvqveS ar unda dgebodes bavSvTa qristes 

sxeulSi ziarebis sakiTxi, Tumca maqsime ar ganixilavs am Temas. 

778 poetika $26, 1462a [10,15] (s. danelia, aristotele... 211). 

779 

mistagogia 24 PG 90 704D-705A. kvlav aRvniSnavT, rom maqsimesaTvis momavalSi 

arsebulebi ki ar miitovebian, aramed TavianTi namdvili saxiT warmoCndebian da 

iqnebian Segvamovnebuli, anu namdvilad hipostasirebuli _ anu arsebulni. da aseve, es 

yvelaferi moxdeba ara “liton” logosSi, aramed _ “tanian” qristeSi. 

780 

Sdr. Β.Τατάκης, Η ελληνική πατερική και βυζαντινή φιλοσοφία, Αθήνα 2000, 127: “[hesiqasturi] 

Teologiis udidesi warmomadgeneli aris... nikolaos kabasila [XV s]. mis nawarmoebSi... 

vsunTqavT mociqulTa xanis sigriles, simartives da marTlmadideblobas. imisaTvis, 

rom mivsdioT, -ambobs kabasila- sulier kanons, romelic aris RmerTis siyvaruli ‘ar 

aris saWiro qancgamcleli Sroma, arc ofli. arc is aris aucilebeli, rom miatovo 

Seni saqmianoba an ganmartovde da ucnauri cxovrebiT icxovro an gecvas ucnauri 

241

azrovneba ver asaxavs da, amdenad, ver “Caxatavs” adamianSi ama Tu im 

metafizikur realobas da aseve, ver “daxatavs” mas sazogadoebis 

sxeulze. saWiroa simboluri enac. swored am simboluri enis nayofia 

qristianuli dogmatebi da, amrigad, maTSi yovelTvis aris ram miTiuri. 

aseve, Sewyvilebul logikur azrovnebasa da miToss (ritualurad 

aqtualizirebulsac), adamiani gadahyavda sinamdvilis ufro farTo 

gagebamde. 

am niadag gafarToebadi Semecnebisas raRac etapze Tavad miTosic 

(maT Soris qristianuli) Sesacvleli SeiZleba gaxdes 781 , Tu ar moxda 

misi SemoqmedebiTi aqtualizireba. amis Sesaxeb wers rismag gordeziani: 

imis gamo, rom miTologiur siuJetTa raodenoba ar yofila 

ganusazRvreli, tragediis avtors uxdeboda miTis gavrcoba da xSirad 

miTis aseTi ganvrcobisas dramaturgi iZulebuli iyo, Tavad gamxdariyo 

sakuTari miTis mTxzveli. amiT principulad ar icvleboda tradiciuli 

miTosuri gmiris statusi, magram SesaZlebeli xdeboda misi amaRleba 

WeSmarit xasiaTamde. 782 anu, SemoqmedebiTi winsvlis gareSe SeiZleba 

miTis pirveladi WeSmariteba miuRweveli darCeniliyo. swored amitom 

xdeboda qristianuli siuJeturad erTob Raribi fabulis gavrcobaganviTareba 

da mravalgvari miTiuri siuJetis warmoSoba (Tavdapirvelad 

apokrifebSi). amgvarad, warmoiqmna uzarmazari qristianuli wmindanTa 

“panTeoni”, masTan dakavSirebuli “cxovrebebiT”, svinaqsarebiTa da 

himnografiiT. Tumca, dRevandel epoqaSi SeiniSneba stagnacia am 

mimarTulebiT, anu ar xdeba “qristianuli miTis” SemoqmedebiTi 

samosi. araferi es ar aris saWiro. SegiZlia darCe Sens saxlSi imis gareSe, rom ar 

dakargo Seni monapovari da imyofebode niadag RmerTisa da adamianis Sesaxeb fiqrSi, 

imis azrovnebaSi, Tu rogori naTesaoba aris adamiansa da RmerTs Soris da amis msgavs 

fiqrebSi. [...] SeuZlebelia RmerTi ar iyos SenTan, radgan, rodesac mas mouxmob, is 

ufro axlosaa SenTan, vidre Tavad Seni guli. igi mova CvenTan miuxedavad imisa, rom 

varT cudebi, radgan Tavad is aris keTili’”. 

781 T. bokuCava, miTosi da qarTuli Teatri... 20-21: “Cen SegviZlia nebismieri linearuli 

kultura rogorc droSi gaSlil cik;ur procesTa erToblioba, linearul da 

ciklur”ganviTarebaTa” sinTezad warmovidginoT (amas Cvens naSromSi vuwodebT 

spiralurs. ix. qvemoT – k.k) [...] TviToeeul etapze kulturam am periodze “gaTvlili” 

da misTvis adeqvaturi “miTologia” unda Seqmnas, romelic mocemul periodSi 

kulturis, rogorc individis mier sicocxlis aRsrulebisaTvis, iqneba aucilebeli. 

aseTi “miTologia” ki samyaros im globaluri suraTis SeqmnaSi mdgomareobs, romelic 

yoveli kerZo kulturis warmomadgenelTaTvis maTi saarsebo samyaros grZnobadsa da 

da simbolur sazRvrebs Semofarglavs da mas Sinagan sazrissa da miznobriobas 

mianiWebs, im bades qmnis, romelic realobisadmi RirebulebiT da SemecnebiT midgomebs 

aregulirebs”. 

782 r. gordeziani, berZnuli literatura... 310, 454. 

242

aTviseba, ris gamoc aRmosavluri RvTismsaxurebis magiuri aspeqti 

calmxrivad viTardeba. 

arsebobs kidev erTi niuansi. anatoli axutini, rodesac ikvlevs 

berZnuli tragediidan pirovnul, filosofiur cnobierebaze gadasvlas, 

aCvenebs, rom berZnuli drama – tragediuli cnobiereba wingadadgmuli 

nabiji iyo ritualuri cnobierebidan filosofiurisaken. 783 xolo merab 

mamardaSvilis mixedviT, pirovnul-filosofiuri cnobiereba iyo 

msoflio, pirovnuli religiebis aRmocenebis sawindari. 784 aseT 

interpretaciebs Tu daveTanxmebiT, maSin gamodis, rom qristianuli 

liturgia ritualisaken ukangadadgmuli da regresuli movlena iyo. es, 

erTi mxriv, marTalic aris maSin, rodesac Warbobs liturgiis magiuri 

gageba da erTi romelime epoqis ritualis gafetiSeba. magram, saqme isaa, 

rom, rogorc aRvniSneT, Zvel saberZneTSi tragediiisa da filosofiis 

gverdigverd viTardeboda Teurgiuli cnobierebac. aseTma cnobierebam 

Tavis piks miaRwia swored neoplatonikos iambliqosTan. 785 es iyo 

ganviTarebis paraleluri da erTmaneTis Semavsebeli pirovnebis 

warmomSobi da Camomayalibebeli Semecnebis meTodebi. swored am ori 

meTodis sinTezTan gvaqvs saqme maqsime aRmsareblis mistagogiaSi. erTi 

mxriv, tragedia, meore mxriv ki _ Teurgia. 786 xolo orive erTad 

ukavSirdeba konceptualur-filosofiur azrovnebas, romelic vlindeba 

dogmatebis kristalizaciaSi. amrigad, ar SegviZlia, vilaparakoT 

maqsimesTan cnobierebis regresis. es ukusvla mxolod Semdgom epoqebSi 

xdeba SesaZlebeli, rodesac tragediuli da filosofiuri aspeqti ukan 

ixevs da, ZiriTadad rCeba magiuri. 787 

783 

ix. А.В. Ахутин, Открытие сознания. Древнегреческая трагедия и философия, http://synergiaisa.ru/lib/download/lib/ahut/ahutin_1/06%20CH.1.%20otkrytie%20soznanija.doc 

784 М. Мамардашвили, Введение в Филислфию... 114: “[...] мировые религии возникают после философии. 

Если бы не возникла философия, они бы тоже не возникли. Даже эмпирически вы, очевидно, знаете, в каком 

глубоком смысле христианство явилось переработкой аппарата греческой философии”. aseve М. 

Мамардашвили, Лекции по античной философии... 11. А. В. Петров, Полемика Порфирия и Ямвлиха... 

785 amis Sesaxeb ix. R.T. Wallis, Νεοπλατωνισµός... 168-181; da А. В. Петров, Полемика Порфирия и 

Ямвлиха... 

786 vfiqrobT es sinTezi, metic, Serwyma, metad mniSvnelovani ganmasxvavebeli faqtoria 

Tanamedrove Teatrsa da liturgias Soris. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tamar bokuCava Tavis 

miTossa da qaraTul TeatrSi cdilobs, Teatrs qarTul kulturasa da 

eTnocnobierebaSi sakraluri misia daakisros (raSic Cven mas veTanxmebiT), swored 

liturgiaSi moxda berZnuli dramis srulad ganviTareba da, amdenad, evqaristiuli 

rituali Tavisi “magiuri ZaliT” mainc ganmsazRvrelad vlindeba dRevandel qarTul 

cxovrebaSi da es faqti friad gasaTvaliswinebelia. 

787 ix. Metropolitan John (Zizioulas) of Pergamon, Symbolism and Realism in Orthodox Worship, Sourozh. A 

Journal of Orthodox Life and Thought (79/ February 2000), 3-17. 

243

dabolos, merab mamardaSvilis TqmiT, moazrovne mimarTavs teqstebs, 

miTosurs Tu sxva saxisas, radgan maTSi kodirebulia adamianis sulieri 

gamocdileba da SesaZlebelia, rom isini gaiSifron ara mxolod maTSi 

ritualurad monawileobiT, aramed filosofiuradac. 788 filosofiurad, 

anu sityvebisa da cnebebis operirebiT, romlebic TavisTavadac 

simboloebi arian. Cven vnaxeT, rom maqsimesaTvisac TviT umaRlesi 

filosofiis mwvervalic ki, romelic aris RmerTis uSualo arqetipuli 

xedva, gulisxmobs simboloTa sferoSi, rogorc qristes sxeulSi 

darCenas. 

amrigad, ritualis esa Tu is saxe SeiZleba aRar iyos erTaderTi 

da aucilebeli, aramed, piriqiT, arasasurveli da parazituli da raRac 

etapze SemoqmedebiTi ganviTarebiT unda transformirdes. filosofiuri 

“gaSifrva” aris swored SemoqmedebiTi ganviTarebis sawindari. 

Sejameba 

amrigad, pirvel qveTavSi Cven ganvixileT, Tu rogor moqmedebs rituali 

adamiansa da sazogadoebaze. rituals gadmoaqvs metafizikuri, “zeciuri” 

realoba yoveldRiurobaSi da, amave dros, ritualis saSualebiT xdeba 

am realobis kvleva/Semecneba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, cvlis an xels 

uwyobs, Seicvalos realobis metafizikuri suraTi. rogoric aris 

realoba, iseTivea rituali da, piruku, rogoric aris rituali, iseTi 

xdeba sinamdvilec. Tu Seicvala rituali, Seicvleba realobac. 

meore qveTavSi Cven vnaxeT, Tu rogor ayalibebs, SegveZlo gveTqva, 

“qmnis” kidec berZnuli drama adamianis pirovnebasa da aseTi Tavisufali 

pirovnebebis sazogadoebas, konkretulad ki _ berZnul demokratias. 

drama, iseve rogorc rituali, ayalibebs adamianis eToss tradiciuli da 

aRiarebuli metafizikis safuZvelze. 

igive funqcia da moqmedeba aqvs neoplatonur Teurgiasac. aq 

rituali adamianisaTvis xdeba magiuri saSualeba, daukavSirdes da 

CaerTos saRvTo realobaSi da es realoba gaxados aqtualizirebuli 

pirovnul realobad. nivTieri simboloebis ritualizirebiT gaideba 

xidi saRvTosa da adamians Soris da, amdenad, rituali warmoadgens 

788 m. mamardaSvili, saubrebi filosofiaze, Tbilisi 1992, 30. igi sxvagan aseT ritualebs 

uwodebs “zeciur cirks”. 

244

pirvel safexurs adamianis RmerTTan dakavSirebisaTvis. Semdgom 

safexurze es gaSualedebuli wvdoma gadailaxeba da adamiani Wvrets 

simboloebs uSualod da Seerwymeba RvTiurs. igive daniSnuleba da 

efeqti aqvs piradi locviT varjiSsac. es Cven vnaxeT mesame qveTavSi. 

meoTxe qveTavSi ganvixileT berZnuli polisisa da misi 

qristianuli eklesiis cxovrebaSi asaxva. dramatulad aqtualizirebuli 

miTosi awesrigebs adamianisa da polisis cxovrebas miTosis simboloebsa 

da xatebSi asaxuli metafizikuri realobis kvalobaze e.i. Sesabamisad. 

adamiani, polisi/sazogadoeba da samyaro/kosmosi gadaiqceva saRvTo an 

saboloo WeSmaritebis samyaros harmoniad. adamiani-polisi-samyaro xdeba 

namdvilad arsebulis moqmedi xati. iqve vnaxeT, rom miTi ar aris 

ucvleli da berZnebi niadag eZebdnen, eqperiments atarebdenen, 

“Semoqmedebdnen” da poulobdnen sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis ukeTesi 

mowyobis tipebs, romelic gavlenas axdenda miTebis Sinaarszec. 

eklesiac, rogorc morwmuneTa sociumi, swored aseTi movlenaa. igi aris 

ukve qristianuli pirovnuli samerTeba RmerTis gamovlineba samyaroSi, 

misi esqatologiuri xati, rogorc aqtualuri saRvTo realoba, 

“sasufeveli caTa”. 

MEmexuTe da saboloo qveTavSi vaCveneT, Tu rogor aris maqsime 

aRmsareblis TeologiaSi, kerZod mis mistagogiaSi, gamovlenili 

zemomoyvanili oTxive punqti da cxadi gaxda, rom maqsimesaTvis 

liturgia aris a) rituali, saRvTo simboloTa “gawyobili” realoba, 

romelic namdvilad arsebuls, samerTeba RmerTs akavSirebs qristes 

RvTaebriv pirovnebaSi adamians-eklesias-samyaros; b) drama, romlis 

fabulacaa wminda werili, rogorc qristes tani da rom swored am 

dramaSi wminda werili, rogorc potencia-tani, iqceva qristes 

esqatologiur sxeulad; g) aseve Teurgiuli moqmedeba, romlis mizania 

adamianis ganRmrToba. aseve cxadia, rom maqsimes Teologiis mixedviT a) 

simboloebs aqvs warmavali, Sualeduri mniSvneloba da saboloo mizani, 

telosi aris qristes pirispir xedva; b) qristes tani aris sabooloo 

simbolo RvTaebrivi samefosi; g) eklesia, rogorc qristes sxeuli, xdeba 

“am qveyanaSi” moqmedi “zecuri realoba”; d) “zeciuris” Canacvleba 

qveyniuri raime simboloTi iwvevs miwieris absolutad gadaqcevas, anu 

igi iWers “zecuris” adgils da amiT ikargeba qristianobis arsi. 

245

dabolos, maSin roca ritualis struqturuli roli adamianisa da 

sociumis cxovrebaSi diaqronulia, anu rituali, rogorc WeSmaritebis 

SemoqmedebiTi da cxovrebiseuli Zieba marad aqtualuria, miTosi 

SeiZleba icvlebodes da mdidrdebodes imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad 

warmatebuli iyo, erTi mxriv, ritualuri Zieba-eqsperimenti da, meore 

mxriv, ramden Zalisxmevas mimarTavda adamiani logikur azrovnebaSi. 

calkeuli, elitaruli pirovnebisaTvis ritualis roli SeiZleba 

minimumamde davides, magram sazogadoebisaTvis igi mudam aqtualurad 

narCundeba. britaneli anTropologis mari duglasis azriT, “ar iqneboda 

zedmeti, rom gveTqva: rituali aris ufro meti sociumisaTvis, vidre 

sityvebi azrovnebisaTvis. [...] SeuZlebelia socialuri urTierTobebis 

arseboba simboluri aqtebis gareSe”. 789 aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom 

saeklesio rituali/simboloebic amgvari simboloTagania. isini CarTuli 

arian (unda es konkretul pirovnebas, Tu ara) sociumis sicocxleSi... 

789 M. Douglas, Purity and Danger. An Analysis of the Concept of Pollution and Taboo, London: Routledge and 

Keegan Paul, 1966, 62 

246

daskvnis magier 

gvsurs, rom naSromis Sejamebas mivceT misi xelaxali da axleburi 

gaazrebis xasiaTi. anu, SevecdebiT, SevexoT zemore teqstis yvela 

ZiriTad sakiTxs da Tavi movuyaroT maT imgvarad, rom ar miviRoT 

mxolod jamuri Sedegi, aramed maT erT mTlianobaSi moazrebis xasiaTi 

mivceT – mTlianobaSi, romelSic Tavad Cvenc da Cveni garemoc 

SemovicvebiT. vfiqrobT, swored aseTi xasiaTi hqonda maqsimes 

Teologiur azrovnebas: igi yovel jerze, yoveli sakiTxis ganxilvisas 

ubrundeboda erTsa da imave sakiTxs _ mTlianobis sakiTxs. misTvis 

yoveli sakiTxi iyo am mTlianobaSi aqtualuri CarTvis, anu sicocxlis 

sakiTxi: yovel jerze erTi da igive axleburad ara mxolod axali 

aspeqtiT, aramed mTeli/mTelis axali “gacxovrebiT”, axali sicocxliT... 

aristotele Tvlida, rom dro SeiZleba warmodgenili iqnas 

erTgvar moZraobad da cvlilebad. 790 calkeuli sagnebi avlenen TavianT 

erTeulobas, rodesac Tanxvdebian Tavis Tavs Tavis sam mniSvnelobaSi: 

790 

fizika IV 10, 218 b 9-10. platonis Sexeduleba droze SeiZleba daxasiaTdes 

Semdegnairad: RmerTma “SeZerwa” samyaro maradiuli noeturi (goniTsawvdomi) 

pirvelsaxis Sesabamisi da is (samyro) aris am prototipis msgavsi imdenad, ramdenadac 

es SesaZlebelia (timaiosi 31A. 49A; faidrosi 262C; politeia 177C). samyaro Seiqmna 

rogorc erTi cocxali qmnileba (timaiosi 30B,D. 69C). igi aris TviTkmari da ganaxldeba 

TavisTavad (timaiosi 33D). demiurgma RmerTma, sanam Seqmnida samyaros, Seqmna ideebis 

samyaros arqetipis Sesabamisi samyaros suli (timaiosi 34B. 42E). noeturi suli win 

uswrebs sxeuls, romelsac igi gaasulierebs da warmarTavs (timaiosi 34C). samyaros 

suli Tanxvdeba zecis cnebas, romelic aris pirveli xiluli da damakavSirebeli 

grZnobiTi da idealuri samyaroebis. suli TavisTavad aris uxilavi, aris or samyaros 

Sua da wilmqoneobs rogorc noetur, ise fenomenebis samyaroebs (timaiosi 37A). 

grZnobiTi samyaro aris maradiuli samyaros xati (timaiosi 29AB). radgan pirvelsaxe 

aris maradiuli, ramdenadac SesaZlebeli iyo, qveynierebac unda yofiliyo maradiuli. 

amisaTvis demiurgma Seqmna maradiulobis moZravi xati da gaawyo ra zeciuri sferoebi, 

es xatic gaxada maradiuli. igi win miiwevs da moZraobs ricxvebis kanonebis mixedviT 

maSin, roca Tavad maradiuloba yovelTvis SenarCunebulia Tavis erTianobaSi ucvleli. 

xolo es moZravi xati aris dro (timaiosi 37C-38E). dro aris cvalebadi sagnebis 

maxasiaTebeli. igi ar aris maradiul arsebebSi. drois saxeebi _ warsuli da momavali 

ekuTvnis imaT, rac icvleba da ara imaT, rac ucvalebeli da umoZraoa. ucvalebeli ar 

iyo da arc iqneba, aramed marad aris Tavis maradiulobaSi (timaiosi 37E-38B). dro da 

samyaro Seiqma erTad da dro TavisTavad aris ararsebuli Seqmnamde. qveyniereba ar 

Seqmnila safexurebrivad ganviTarebadi da amdenad dro ar dawyebula ganviTarebis 

romeliRac momentSi. dros ara aqvs sawyisi momenti da aris maradiulobis gamonaTeba. 

igia gonebiT mouxelTebeli da aris samyaroSi maradiulobis Tandaswreba. dro Seiqmna, 

raTa yofiliyo maradiulobis msgavsi. maradiulobis moZravi xati eqvemdebareba drois 

dinebas, imyofeba drois ganzomilebebSi misi Tanamimdevrobis Sesabamisad. dro izomeba 

zeciuri sxeulebis moZraobiT (tim. 38C-39A), xolo moZraoba aris wriuli, radgan 

qveyniereba aris sferuli (tim. 34B. 43B). is aris samyaroseuli dro da emTxveva 

istoriul dros. samyaroseuli da istoriuli dro moZraobs ciklurad. sxvadasxva 

drois ganmavlobaSi warmoiqmneba sxvadasxva yovlismomcveli katastrofuli movlena, 

romlebic adamianebs aiZuleben, xelaxla mimarTon Zalisxmevas da daiwyon Tavidan 

yvelaferi (tim. 23B. 86A). 

247

“ra”, “raSi”, da “rodis”. ra aris Tvisebebis erTianoba, raSi miuTiTebs 

erTeuli sagnis adgilsa da arsebobis mdgomareobas, rodis 

warmoadgens arsebobis erTianobas droSi. 791 sagnis potenciuri 

arsebobidan aqtualurSi gadasvlis sazomia dro. moZraoba, rogorc 

drois atributi, drois erTeulebSi procesebis xangrZlivobis 

Sedarebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. amitom dro aris moZraobis sazomi, anu 

ricxvi (neoplatonuri ricxvis adgils ki, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 

maqsimesTan logosi iWers, anu Tavad drois da aseve angelozTa drois 

anu eonis 792 , sazomi xdeba logosi). 793 amasTan erTad, aristotelesaTvis 

cvlilebis, anu moZraobis siCqare SeiZleba icvlebodes, magram ar 

icvleba dro. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom dro aris erTi da igi aris 

absoluturi. 794 igi absoluturia, magram misi saboloo sazrisis wyaro 

aris mis gareT. 795 droSi arafris wvdoma ar SeiZleba cneba axlas 

gareSe. axla aris zRvari warsulsa da momavals Soris da igi aris 

ganuyofeli. 796 misi “Sekavebis/SenarCunebis” erTaderTi saSualebaa 

791 fizika VIII 8, 262 a 1-5 

792 cnebebi drois, eonis da maradiulobis (αϊδιότητα) Sesaxeb ix. basili didi, evnomiusis 

winaaRmdeg, 1,21 PG 29, 560-562; Γ. Μαντζαρίδης, Χρόνος και άνθρωπος,Θεσσαλονίκη 1992, 18...; ∆. Τσάµης, 

Εισαγωγη στη σκέψη των Πατέρων της Ορθόδοξης Εκκλησίας, Θεσσαλονίκη 1992, 24... 

793 fizika IV 11. Sdr. Teologiuri T... 1,5 PG 90, 1085A “droiTi gayofilebis niSnebi aris 

dasawyisi, Sua da bolo (τέλος, dasasruli). WeSmarits ityvis mavani, rom isini saukuneSi 

(εν αιώνι, eonSi, xanSi) Tanaixilvebian. dro gazomavs moZraobas da ricxviT aRiwereba. 

saukune ki Tanamoiazreba, rom aqvs arsebobasTan erTad ‘rodis’ kategoria da ganicdis 

ganvrcobilobas (διάστασιν, extention droiTic da sivrciTic –k.k), radgan miiRo arsebobis 

dasawyisi. Tu dro da saukune ar arian dausabamoebi, maSin bevrad ufro metad maTSi 

moculi [arsebebi]”; Sdr. T.T. Tollefsen, The Christocentric Cosmology... 113-114: “grigol noselis 

mixedviT, qmnili arsebebis Tvisebaa ganvrcobilobis (extention, διάστηµα, διάστασις) 

fundamenturi faqti. [...] isaa materialuri sagnebis erTgvari saTavso (receptacle)... 

romelic aris dro da adgili. [...maqsime] ar Tvlida dros da adgils TavisTavad 

substancialur arsebebad. isini arian Seqmnilebi, rogorc Seqmnili arsebis kondiciebi 

(pirobebi). am pirobebis sazRvrebSi saRvTo aqtis Tavdapirveli ganzraxuloba avlens 

Tavis Tavs, daadgens ra bunebebs Tu arsebebs. adgili da dro ukavSirdeba arsebas 

samyaros Seqmnisas. ontologiuri TvalTaxedviT isini arian Tanabrad pirveladebi da 

fundamenturebi”. aristotelesaTvis, iseve rogorc maqsimesaTvis, sagnis adgili 

emTxveva mis gare konturebs. anu, adgili ar uigivdeba abstraqtul sivrces. is 

yovelTvis konkretuli da realuria iseve, rogorc sagani (iqve, 110-111). amdenad, 

SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom dramis scena ar aris ganyenebuli movlenis idealuri 

inscenirebis sivrce. is yovelTvis konkretuli movlenaa iseve, rogorc 

aristoteleseuli axla. is aseve idealuria, rogorc warsulis da momvalis adgili, 

magram scenaze es idealuri materialur-konkretulia, anu realuria, romelSic 

erTeuli sagnebi Tanxvdebian “ra”, “raSi” da “rodis” mniSvnelobaSi. amitom tragedia 

ar aris mxolod “TamaSi”, aramed _ idealuris materialur-konkretulad Secvla iseve, 

rogorc puris da Rvinos Secvla (µεταβολή) qristes sisxlad da xorcad (cneba 

µεταβολή/Secvlis Sesaxeb ix. qvemoT). 

794 fizika IV 12, 221 a 10-30 

795 fizika IV 11, 219 b 1-5 

796 fizika VI 3, 234 a 24 

248

mexsiereba 797 da am “mexsierebiTi codnis” sxvisTvis gaziareba ki enaSia 

SesaZlebeli. gancdaSi yoveli axla warmavalia, magram enaSi es 

warmavloba “Seyovndeba” am warmavlobis masSi (enaSi) “xorcSesxmiT”. 798 

sityvebSi xorcSesxmuli gancdis ambavi xdeba gadacemadi da, amdenad, 

individebis saerTo/sazogado “sivrce” (an, aristoteleseulad rom 

gveTqva, “adgili”). 799 aritoteleseul dramaSi es sivrce Taviseburad 

“muSaobs”. am Taviseburebis warmosaCenad gasaTvaliswinebelia axlas 

mimarTeba namyosTan da myofadTan. warsulis movlenebi jer xdebian da 

Semdeg aRibeWdebian/daixatebian mexsierebaSi. aseT situaciaSi mexsiereba 

aris idealuri fenomeni materialur procesebTan mimarTebaSi. momavlis 

SemTxvevaSi idealuri, anu “Canafiqri” win uswrebs realurs, anu 

momavlis axlas – axlaSi xorcSesxmas. am axal, momdevno axlaSi ki 

myofadi gadaiqceva momavlis warsulad, anu mexsierebis idealuris 

xorcSesxmulobad. anu, axlas sivrceSi “idealur-materialuri” momavali 

gadaiqceva warsulis “materialur-idealurad”. amrigad, axla aris 

idealuri adgili/sivrce namyo/myofadisaTvis. axla da ena/ambavi is 

sivrcea, sadac cocxlobs individi da individebis sazogadoeba. rodesac 

adamians surs, gadasces sxvas gancdili movlena, mas aqvs saSuleba, 

gamoiyenos Txroba/ambavi, anu “siuJeturi dro”. upiratesad swored 

tragedia aris “siuJeturi dro”. 

aristotele eposTan mimarTebaSi tragedias aniWebda upiratesobas 

swored imitom, rom am ukanasknelSi ufro metadaa SesaZlebeli gancdis 

koncentrireba. tragedia moicavs drois mokle monakveTs. gmiris 

cxovrebis mcire monakveTis modelireba tragediaSi iwvevs gancdis meti 

daZabulobiT gadacemas: “romliTac siamovnebebi metad cxadad Sedgebian 

797 Sdr. basili didi, Sesaqmes eqvsi dRis Sesaxeb, 1 PG 29, 13B: “samyarosTan da masSi 

cxovelebis da mcenareebis Tanabunebovanad da ganmavlad dadginda dro, [romelic 

aris] marad dadgomadi da warmavali da arsad ar aCerebs msvlelobas. gana ara imgvaria 

dro, rom warsuli gaqra, momavali jer ar damdgara, xolo awmyo sanam Seimecneba, 

dausxlteba grZnobebs?” identuri Sexeduleba aqvs drois Sesaxeb avgustinesac (netari 

avgustine, aRsarebani, Tbilisi 1995, 233, 235, 238): “momavali jer kidev ar aris, warsuli 

ki ukve aRar aris (11. 15, 20)... arsebobs mxolod awmyo (11. 17)” iqve 407-419 baCana bregvaZe 

mimoixilavs drois Sesaxeb filosofiuri azris ganviTarebas platonidan avgustinemde; 

imave Temaze ix. b. bregvaZe, dro (triptiqi: 1. aristotele; 2. plotini; 3. netari 

avgustine), dro da maradisoba, gamomcemloba nekeri, 2006; aseve ix. g. TevzaZe, Uavrelius 

avgustine, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoria, Tbilisi 1996, 17-18, 19-20;Uavrelius 

avgustine, Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoriis problemebi, Tbilisi 1981, 24-26. 

798 Sdr. Ж. Делез, Логика смысла, Москва 1995, 26-38. 

799 

maqsimes droisa da adgilis konceptis mimarTebisaTvis aristotelesTan, 

neoplatonikosebsa da winsmswreb qristianuli tradiciasTan ix. T.T. Tollefsen, The 

Christocentric Cosmology... 100-114. 

249

(δι’ ης αι ηδοναί συνίστανται εναργέστατα)”. 800 drois monakveTis simokle 

saSualebas iZleva gmiris Cayenebas eqstremalur an 

naxevradeqstremalur, anu “daZabul” situaciaSi. amasTan erTad iseve, 

rogorc maqsimesTan, rwmenas eZleva didi mniSvneloba, radgan 

mayurebels unda sjerodes warmodgenilis, 801 raTa metad ganicados 

sxvisi gancdilis modelirebuli gancda scenis sivrceSi. 802 magram 

aristoteles amave pasaJis mixedviT (poetika 1451b 15-19), iseve, rogorc 

mTel berZnul azrovnebaSi, momavals ara aqvs iseTive damajerebloba, 

rogorc warsuls. anu imisaTvis, rom mayurebelisaTvis damajerebeli 

iyos inscenirebuli, gmiris saxe aRebuli unda iyos warsulidan da ara 

fantazirebuli momavlidan. momavals ar gadaswvdeba rwmena imitomac, 

rom berZnuli drois gageba aris wriuli – momavali ikvreba warsulad, 

ese igi yvelaferi ganmeorebadia. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 

aristotelesTan dro absoluturia, magram igi mainc maradiulobas aris 

daqvemdebarebuli (fizika IV 11, 219 b 1-5). iudauri drois wrfivi gageba ar 

aris berZnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli. xolo iudauri gageba ki 

gadalaxulia qristianuli drois spiraluri gagebiT: is, rac warsulSia, 

igi gaixseneba, anu ontologiurad meordeba awSi, magram aw/axla mainc 

wrfivad aris mimarTuli dausrulebeli esqatonisaken. 803 is simkacre, 

800 poetika 1462 a 15 

801 poetika 1451b 15-19 

802 Л.Н. Любинская, С.В. Лепилин, Философские проблемы времени, Москва 2002, 45-59. 

803 ix. Μ. Μπέγζος, Ο Χρόνος της θρησκίας, Φαινοµενολογία της Θρησκίας, Αθήνα 1995, 82-106 misive, 

Φιλοσοφία και Θεολογία: Το Κριτήριο της Εσχατολογίας, Φιλοσοφική Ανθρωπολογία της Θρησκίας, Αθήνα 1996, 

73-74: “miuxedavad imisa, rom elinizmma TukidideTi da herodoteTi Seqmna istoriis 

mecniereba, maTi droze Sexeduleba aris cikluri. istoria daqvemdebarebulia bunebas 

da emsgavseba wrewirs. igi gaigeba, rogorc msgavs movlenaTa maradi ganmeoreba da 

radgan aris movlenebis amgvarad gamameorebeli, imitomac iTvleba maswavleblad. xolo 

ebraels ar swams istoriis ganmeorebis, aramed aRiarebs mis sworxazovan ganviTarebas. 

berZnebma kacobriobas aCuqes istoriis mecniereba da ebraelebma ki _ istoriis 

religia. [...] ebrauli metafizika aris istoriuli, droiTi da esqatologiuri. berZnuli 

ontologia aris kosmologiuri, fiziokratiuli da ‘protologiuri’ (πρώτος, pirveli, 

sawyisi). iudeveli eZiebs bolo movlenebs, xolo berZeni ikvlevs pirvelsawyisebs. [...] 

ebrauli esqatologia icnobs mxolod erT centrs, romelic aris momavalSi da niSnavs 

mesiis mosvlas. anu ebraelebi aRiareben saboloo RvTivCenas (Παρουσία, Tanyofna, 

mosvla, RmerTdaswreba) istoriis dasasruls. qristianul esqatologias ki aqvs ori 

centri: erTi aris warsulSi da ukavSirdeba qristes ganxorcielebas, romelic aris 

‘pirveli mosvla’ (Παρουσία); xolo meore gadavadebulia momavalSi da ukavSirdeba 

qristes meored mosvlas (∆εύτερα Παρουσία). [...] ebraelisaTvis dro aris TiTqos swori 

xazi an isari. qristianisaTvis igi hgavs erTgvar WanaWiks (spirals), romelic akeTebs 

wriul moZraobebs, magram miemarTeba sworxazovnad, ganviTardeba da win miiwevs, Tumca 

adamians eCveneba, rom mxolod brunavs. qristiani swored amiT uaxlovdeba iudevels 

sanaxevrod da aseve sanaxevrod Riaa berZenTan mimarTebaSi”; Л.Н Любинская, С.В. Лепилин, 

Средневековье и Ренессанс. Субъективное время Августина и время как вещь Альберти, Философские 

250

om berZnuli ontologiis kategoriebi aris gulgrili adamianis 

sofelSi cxovrebisadmi, anu namdvilad arsebuli aris adamianisaTvis 

mouxelTebeli da miuwvdomeli, 804 stoikur da neoplatonur 

filosofiaSi iwyebs “molbobas” herakliteseuli logosis cnebis 

ganviTarebiT. logosi aris is koncepti/realoba, romelic akavSirebs 

amasoflis/drois adamians namdvilad arsebulTan. 805 logosis cnebis 

esqatologiuri gaxsna maqsimesTan ki dasrulebul saxes aZlevs am 

dawyebul molbobas – logosi, rogorc pirovnuli RmerTis aqti 

mimarTuli pirovnebebisadmi, aris RmerTis evqaristiuli wvdomis 

eqatologiuri koncepti. adamiani axla rwmeniT mimarTulia da ganicdis 

momavals, rogorc realurs, magram marad gadavadebads. 806 igi awSi ukve 

проблемы времени, Москва 2002, 71: “ [Исповед Августина] может быть по-разному прочтен, например, 

поэтом и логиком. Логик заведомо обратил бы внимание на попытки Августина соотнести между собой 

свойства циклического и линейного времени. Циклическое время вечного школярства – линейное время 

вечного приближения ко всему снимающему (даже и самого себя) абсолюту”. Sdr. С. Н. Астапов, Время и 

вечность в восточной патристике, Русская философия и православие в контекте мировой культуры, 

Краснодар 2004 (Философско-литературный журнал «Логос» 5/44, 2004, 84–96). 

804 Sdr. М. Хайдегер, Бытие и время, Москва 1997, 44, 52-55, 120-121, 427 (ix. Л.Н. Любинская, С.В. 

Лепилин, Философские проблемы времени… 62-63) 

805 Л.Н. Любинская, С.В. Лепилин, Философские проблемы времени… 63. 

806 Sdr. Garrett Green, The Hermeneutics of Difference. Barth and Derrida on Words and the Word, Postmodern 

Philosophy and Christian Thought, Edited by Merold Westphal, Indiana University Press, USA 1999, 91-107: 

biblia, rogorc Teologiis mTavari kriteriumi, anu RmerTis sityvis Sesaxeb 

ganmsazRvreli mowmoba, SeiZleba ar vaqcioT imis magaliTad, rasac postmodernizmi 

uwodebs “logocentrulobas” da “meta-narativs (uzenaes Zalmomre avtoritetul 

teqsts/narativs)”. dekonstruqciasTan dialogi SesaZlebelia apofatikuri Teologiis 

tradiciaSi (Sdr. g. TevzaZe, Jak derida, XX saukunis filosofiis istoria, Tbilisi 

2002, 557 –k.k). rwmenaSi RmerTis sityva arc ubralod hgavs adamianis sityvebs da arc 

ubralod ar hgavs maT; rwmenaSi RmerTis sityva hgavs da arc hgavs adamianisas. 

adamianis sityvebi RmerTis madliT (evqaristiulad –k.k), anu RmerTis moqmedebiT 

xdebian (become, “xdomoben”, niadag xdebian) misi (RmerTis) sityva. qriste aris “niSani 

yvela niSanis”, magram igi ar aris transcendentuli niSnuli. igi xdeba miRwevadi 

(faßbar) ara arsSi (Wesen), aramed kvlav niSanSi. marTalia, qriste aris “mTavari niSani”, 

magram mTavari niSani ar aris adamiani da arc RmerTkaci, aramed is aris movlena. es 

movlena aris niSani niSanTa. qriste ar aris mTavari niSani, aramed is xdeba (xdomobs) 

mTavar niSnad RmerTis madlSi. qriste aris momavali Tandaswrebis aRTqmis 

damaxsovrebuli saxeli, romelic cirkulirebs différance-s (difference/gadavadeba aris 

presense/daswrebis alternativa) gangebulebaSi. is aris aRTqmuli sityva (RmerTsityva), 

romelsac Semohyavs mniSvnelebi da dausruleblad ubiZgebs mniSvnelTa jaWvs, romelic 

ayovnebs/gadaavdebs mis finals, anu realizirebul Tandaswrebas. fundamenturi 

hermenevtikuli situacia, romelSic Cven varT, rogorc niSnebis momxmarebelni da 

romelsac Jak derida aRwers neologizmiT différance niSnavs imas, rom arc erTi teqsti 

ar aris dasrulebuli anu TviTsakmari, rac, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs imas, rom yvela 

teqsts sWirdeba supplément/Sevseba. madlis logika qristianul swavlebaSi aris Sevsebis 

logika. is aCvenebs, ratom sWirdebaT adamianebs erTmaneTi, radgan aravin aris 

TviTsakmari. magram es ar aris nakli, aramed ase moawyo RmerTma, rom marad madliT 

Seivsebodes adamianis sityva da xdebodes RmerTis sityva, raTa amiT uzrunveleyo 

adamianebis maradi erTad winsvla RmerTsityvaSi. madlis logikas aqvs istoriuli 

ganzomilebac: adamianebs sWirdebaT isini, vinc win uswrebdnen maT rwmenaSi; maT 

sWirdebaT winmswrebTa teqstebi da am ukanasknelebs ki _ pirvelebis interpretaciebi. 

251

CarTulia momavalSi, magram arasrulad, radgan RmerTis realoba 

amouwuravia. aristotelesaTvis realuria warsuli, magram qristianuli 

azrovnebisaTvis qristeSi (da liturgiaSi “gaTamaSebul” mis arsebobaSi 

jvarcma/daflva/aRdgoma/amaRleba/meored mosvlaSi 807 ), realurad moicema 

momavalic. igi iseve damajerebelia, rogorc warsuli, radgan qristeSi 

(εν Χριστώ) RmerTis rwmena moicavs drois samive nawils: 

“samad iyofa dro: rwmena Tangasdevs samive nawils, xolo imedi _ erTs, 

siyvaruli ki _ ors. rwmena da imedi raRac [sazRvramdea], xolo 

siyvaruli aris usazRvro saukuneebSi zeusazRvrosTan zeSeerTebuli da 

marad izrdeba siZliereSi. amitomac yovelze meti aris siyvaruli (1 

kor. 13,13)”. 808 

Tuki rwmena miuTiTebs RmerTsityvis sicocxlis warsul/momavlis ukve 

“cnobil” mxareze (da am gagebiT is SeiZleba sakmarisic ki yofiliyo), 

imedi miuTiTebs jer kidev “ucodnelze”, anu imaze, Tu konkretulad 

rogor gamovlindeba qristes sicocxlis aspeqtebi Cvens sicocxleSi. 

anu, rogor “davixatebiT” Cven, rogorebi, anu “rani viqnebiT” (1in 3,2). Cven 

viqnebiT iseTebi, rogorebic varT, magram gansxvavebulebic. 809 amitomaa, 

Sevseba arasdros Caanacvlebs Sevsebul teqsts. aseT realobas ewodeba wmindanebis 

hermenevtikuli ziareba (anu esqatologiur/evqaristiuli erToba –k.k) 

807 Sdr. А. Н. Суворова, Философия Анри Бергсона, http://noblit.ru/content/view/229/33/: “[…] Бергсон 

рассматривает иную ипостась сознания – до-интеллектуальное, до-языковое сознание. Это исходное, 

первичное состояние сознания, в противоположность сознанию познающему, Бергсон называет 

«длительность», … не путая «я» и символ «я». Неясные и одновременно изменчивые состояния нашего 

живого «я» невозможно ни разделить, ни зафиксировать и выразить в слове, не исказив природы жизни, не 

омертвив живой длительности сознания” aseve, С. Виорель, Эсхатологический характер провославного 

богослужения, Эсхатологическое учение Церкви: Материалы конференции (Москва, 14-17 ноября 2005), 

Москва 2007, 386-387: “Диалектическая связь между «уже» и «еще»... является фундаментом 

литургического времени. [...] Вечность присутствует и передается во Христе, в сердце времени. [...В 

анамнесисе] священник поминает святые события прошлого, но и говорит о будущих: «Воспоминая же эту 

спасительную заповедь и все, ради нас совершившееся: крест, гроб, воскресение на третий день, на небеса 

восхождение, по правую руку сидение, второе и славное пришествие вновь». Литургическое «сегодня»... 

являются не только прошлыми событиями, но и будущими. По этой причине мы говорим сегодня: «что 

произошло ради нас», в том числе Второе пришествие Христа. В то же время, вспоминая вместе события 

прошлого и будущего, мы утверждаем, что прошлое приобретает смысл только в перспективе будущего”. 

808 siyvarulis T...… 3,100 PG 90, 1048AB 

809 Sdr. Talasesadmi... 9 PG 90, 285B-288A: “kiTxva: ras [gulisxmobs roca] ambobs wminda 

ioane: ‘Zmebo, axla RmerTis Svilebi varT da jer ar gamoCenila, rani viqnebiT’ (1in 3,2)? 

Tuki ar gamoCenila, rani viqnebiT, rogorRa ambobs pavle: ‘Cven gamogvicxada RmerTma 

suliT (suliwmidiT); suli yovelives ikvlevs, RmerTis siRrmeebsac ki’ (1kor 2,10). 

rogorRa filosofosobs igiveT ‘rani viqnebis’ Sesaxeb? pasuxi: maxarebeli ioane ambobs, 

rom ar icis momavali ganRmrTobis saxe (τρόπον) [maTi, vinc] aq [am cxovrebaSi] rwmenis 

Sesabamisi siqveleebiT RmerTis Svilebi gaxdnen. [aseve ambobs, rom] arc momavali 

sikeTeebis saxis (είδος) mixedviT gamoCenila TviTarsebuli arseboba (της αυθύπαρκτου 

υποστάσεως) (‘aq rwmeniT davdivarT da ara [TviTarsebuli arsebobis] saxiT (είδους)’ (2kor 

5,7)). xolo wminda pavle gamocxadebiT miRebuls ambobs saRvTo mizans, romelic aris 

momavali sikeTeebis Sesaxeb, da ara saRvTo miznis mixedviT ganRmrTobis saxis 

(εκθεώσεως τρόπον) Tavad codnas. [...] [zogjer pavle ambobs, rom] ‘sarkiT da miniSnebebiT’ 

xedavs momavals da [dadgomadi] aris dro, roca ‘saxiT saxisken (pirispir)’ (1kor 13,12) 

molodinebulTa did da zeazrovnebiT madls isiamovnebs; zogjer ki nawilobriv 

252

om liturgiuli mxatvroba xatavs ara naturalistur xatebs, aramed _ 

simboluri “eniT” aRweril xats, sadac Cven varT, magram iseTebi _ 

rogoric viqnebiT. radgan ar viciT, rogorebi viqnebiT, is, rac viqnebiT, 

atarebs simbolur xasiaTsac. metic, Cven ki ar gvgavs xatze asaxuli, 

aramed Cven vgavarT mas. Cvengan ki ar gamomdinareobs daxatuli saxe, 

aramed Cven gamovmdinareobT misgan. am azris TvalsaCinoebisaTvis 

movixmobT anri bergsonis 810 naazrevs. 

filosofiis istoriaSi, iseve, rogorc yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, 

Cveulebriv, miRebulia, rom SesaZlebelis kategoria moicavs naklebs, 

vidre _ realuris. bergsoni amtkicebs sapirispiros: “SesaZlebeli 

moicavs mets, vidre _ realuri. [...] gansjisas, rom SesaZlebeli ar 

gulisxmobs mis uwin realurs, mavani aRiarebs, rom ganxorcieleba 

raRacas umatebs martiv SesaZleblobas: SesaZlebeli yovelTvis aq unda 

yofiliyo, rogorc fantomi, romelic moeloda Tavis dros; is unda 

gamxdariyo realuroba raimes Tavis Tavze mimatebiT, ase vTqvaT, sisxlis 

gadasxmiT. mavani ver xedavs, rom sapirispiroa marTali: [momavalSi] 

SesaZlebeli gulisxmobs Sesabamis [axlandel, an ukve warsul] 

realobas da metic, am realobas damatebuls raRaciT, radgan 

SesaZlebeli aris, erTi mxriv, kombinirebuli Sedegi realobis, radgan 

is gamoCnda, da, meore mxriv, kondiciis, romelic mas gadaisvris droSi 

ukan”. 811 bergsonamde iTvleboda, rom SesaZlebelis koncepti moicavda 

naklebs, vidre realuri: meore iyo pirvelis xati (da msgavsi) da 

arseboba aZlevda sxeuls Tavisive fantoms, daamatebda ra mas mxolod 

imas, rac aklda, anu mcireoden realurobas. aseTi midgomis saboloo 

SedegiT, rogorc amas Jil deliozi miuTiTebs, arseboba xdeba auxsneli: 

radgan is arafer mniSvnelovans ar daamatebs Tavis SesaZleblobis 

koncepts, romelic (idealuri SesaZleboba) win uswrebs mas (realurs), 

Secnobas aRiarebs da nawilobriv winametyvelebas (προφητευείν) (1kor 13,9); xolo zogjer 

mkafiod xmamaRlobs, rom man unda Seicnos iseve, rogorc Secnobiliqna (1kor 13,12), rac 

imas niSnavs, rom jer ar icis [momavalSi] sacodneli. da, mokled vambob, mociqulis 

naTqvami: ‘rodesac mova sruli, nawilobrivi ganqardeba’ (1 kor 1,10), mgoni igivea, rac 

RvTismetyvelis naTqvami: ‘jer ar gamoCenila rani viqnebiT’(1in 3,2).” Sdr. iqve 46 PG 90, 

420BD. 

810 

anri bergsonis Sesaxeb ix. g. TevzaZe, sicocxlis filosofia, XX saukunis 

filosofiis istoria, Tbilisi 2002, 51-67. aq Cven ZiriTadad veyrdnobiT P. Marrati, 

Mysticism and the Foundation of the Open Society, Political Theologies. Public Religion in a Post-Secular World, 

Fordham Univeersity Pres, New York 2006, 591-601. 

811 H. Bergson, The Creative mind 1934; New York: Citadel Books 1974, 100-101 (ix. P. Marrati, Mysticism and 

the Foundation of the Open Society… 592). 

253

adgan yvelaferi ukve gadawyvetilia SesaZleblobaSi, anu 

koncept/ideaSi (msgavsad platonuri ideisa an dualisturad gagebuli 

qristianuli sulisa an maqsimeseuli logosisa). 812 amgvari arseboba (am 

qveyanasi, amasofelSi) rCeba konceptualuris sferosTan mimarTebaSi 

azris da mniSvnelobis gareSe. 813 amgvarad gagebuli realuri sagnis an 

Tundac adamianis pirovnebis arseboba kargavs azrs, misi moRvaweoba 

xdeba mxolod TviTgaqrobisaTvis, anu TviTgalRobisaTvis idea/logosis 

RvTaebriv fantomSi. anu, saqme gveqneboda imasTan, ris Sesaxebac eduard 

muri sayvedurobda maqsimes. bergsoni ki cdilobs swored sapirispiros. 

igi eswrafvis, win wamowios adamiani, rogorc sakuTari Tavis 

TviTSemoqmedi. aseTi adamiani Tavisufalia winaswargansazRvrulisagan 

da Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi, Tavisufali aqtis/aqtebiT qmnis sakuTar Tavs, 

rogorc adamians. guram TevzaZe ase axasiaTebs bergsonis am pozicias: 

“[...] Cven varsebobT Semoqmed bunebaSi da Tavadac Semoqmedni varT. ufro 

zustad, Semoqmedni varT sakuTari Tavis da TanaSemoqmedni RmerTTan 

erTad. es Cvens qmedebas ufro intensiurs xdis. Cven aucileblobis 

monebi ki ara varT, aramed batonebi umaRles batonTan erTad”. 814 swored 

aseTi viTareba SeiZleba iqnes asaxuli maqsimeseul imedSi – Cven 

RmerTTan TanaSemoqmedebisas momavalis perspeqtiva Tavisufalia 

812 P. Marrati, Mysticism and the Foundation of the Open Society… 779-780: “adornos miaCnia, rom 

aristoteles filosofiis mTavari sazrunavia, moargos arsebuli sagnebis cvalebadoba 

platonis maradiulobasa da ucvaleblobas. swored moZraobis koncepti, rogorc 

SesaZleblobis realizcia, aris maradiulobisa da cvlilebis damakavSirebeli da, 

amasTan erTad, garantirebs ucvaleblobas: ‘mis filosofiaSi dafarulad aris 

mocemuli yofierebis doqtrinis eliaturi da platonuri elementebi. [...] aristoteles 

pasuxi... aris, rom moZraoba (romelSic is gulisxmobs cvlilebis aRmaval moZraobasac, 

anu yvelafris progresirebul gaumjobesebas, romelic xorcieldeba absolutis mier 

zrdadi gansazRvrulobiT), unda iqnas gatolebuli SesaZleblobis realizaciasTan 

imdenad, ramdenadac SesaZlebeli bunebrivi mizez-Sedegiobrobis sapirispiroa. es aris 

aristoteles namdvilad centraluri SeTavazeba. [...ase gagebuli]…moZraoba aris 

SesaZlebelis realurad gaxdoma’ (T. Adorno, Metaphysics: Concept and Problems, Statford 2000, 81- 

82)”. Sdr. T.T. Tollefsen, The Christocentric Cosmology... 111: “mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom 

bunebrivi adgilis gansazRvra dakavSirebulia saboloo mizezobriobis 

aristoteleseul konceptTan. saboloo mizezobrioba gagebulia orgvarad – 

porizontalurad da vertikalurad. horizontalur doneze grZnobadi arsebulebi 

eswrafvian Tavisi formebis realizacias, magram iqve unda arsebobdes vertikaluri 

mimarTulebiT amgvari mcdelobis kosmiuri pirobebi. samyaroSi yoveli aqtualizirebis 

saboloo pirobaa universaluri saboloo mizezi, anu RmerTi (pirveli uZravi 

mamoZravebeli). bunebrivi adgilisa da saboloo mizezobriobis Teoria ar Sesustebula 

arc elinistur da arc adreul qristianul xanaSi”. 

813 G. Deleuze, Difference and Repetition, Columbia University Press, 1994, 211-12 

814 Sdr. g. TevzaZe, sicocxlis filosofia... 56 

254

yovelgvari winaswargansazRvrulobisagan. 815 adamians swams igive 

RmerTsityva da masSi (qristeSi) evqaristiul/liturgiulad “daxatuli” 

esqatoni, magram swams, rogorc xati da ara _ rogorc realisturi 

fotosuraTi. mas imedi aqvs raRac axlis, awSi SeuZlebelis da 

warmousaxvelis, magram momavalSi iseTi xarisxiT realuris, romelic 

gansazRvravs axlandels da ara piriqiT: “dawerilia: rac Tvals ar 

unaxavs da yurs ar mousmenia da adamianis gulze ar asula, is ganumzada 

RmerTma Tavis moyvarulebs” (1kor 2,9; esaia 64,4), magram mainc 

“ganumzada”, anu ukve, windawin gansazRvra momavali da 

gangvsazRvra/SegvzRuda Tavis logosebiT? 

bergsonisaTvis, rogorc vnaxeT, SesaZlebeli aris awmyos miraJi 

warsulSi. Secdomaa CaiTvalos, rom SesaZlebeli realurze naklebia. 

SesaZlebelis kategoriaSi metia, vidre realuris, 816 radgan pirveli 

moicavs gonebis aqts, romelic SesaZlebels proeqcirebs warsulSi. 

SesaZlebeli agebulia retrospeqtulad, ese igi retroaqtiurad. 

am konteqstSi bergsoni ayenebs maradiulobis/maradiulis da masTan 

mimarTebis sakiTxs. amocana is ki ar aris, moazrebulqnas maradiuloba, 

815 

maqsimesaTvis adamianis bedi mxolod sakuTar nebazea damokidebuli. maqsimes 

nawerebSi arsad Cans, rom adamiani ramenairad iyos daqvemdebarebuli raime 

qmnilebaTagans da, maT Soris, varskvlavebsac. masTan TviT varskvlavebi Canan araTu 

ugonebo, aramed udaresi, vidre _ cocxali arsebebi: “[dionise] ar ambobs, rom mTeli 

buneba aris gonieri. amrigad, varskvlavebic arian usulo, radgan ara aqvT goneba 

(sqolioebi zeciur ierarq... 2, $4) [...] zecis da varskvlavebis... RmerTis 

winaazrovnebasTan umaxlobelesni arian cocxlebi, Tumca ki cocxloben mcenareuli 

sicocxliT (sqolioebi saRvTo saxelebze... 5, $3). varskvlavebi, rogorc qmnilebebi, 

daqvemdebarebulebi arian dros: “arsebulebis sazomebi arian saukuneni _ noeturTaTvis 

(goniTsawvdom angelozTaTvis) da dro _ grZnobismierTaTvis. noeturebs aqvT rogorc 

maTi sazomi saukune (αιώνος)... saukunebad iwodebian angelozebi (da ara varskvlavebi, 

rogorc filosofiaSi –k.k). aseve arian grZnobismiernic: rac droiT gaizomeba 

iwodebian imave saxeliT anu droebebad (χρόνοι), rogorc varskvlavebis da mzis 

moZraobebi” (sqolioebi saRvTo saxelebze... 5, $10) (iq sadac maqsime (“maqsime”) ambobs, 

rom droebi (χρόνοι) izomebian planetebiT, varskvlavebiTa da mziT, unda vigulisxmoT 

droiTi periodebi da ara is, rom ciuri sxeulebi droze aRmatebulni arian (sqolioebi 

saRvTo saxelebze... 8, $5)). Tu Zv. berZnuli filosofia gansazRvravda, rom varskvlavebi 

aRematebian adamianebs Tavisi sufTa materiiT, eTeruli sxeuliT da, amdenad, 

raRacnairad ganageben maT, maqsime ise ganixilavs sakiTxs, rom yvelanairi materia 

keTilia da yvelaferi damokidebulia mxolod adamianis nebaze: “nivTi (ύλη) ar 

miizidavs sulebs (romlebic arian sxeulSi Sereulebi Tavis aramoazrovne sulis 

nawiliT) cudisaken sulis aramoazrovne nawiliT (Sdr. zemoT me-3.2.6 TavSi), radgan 

bevrma RmerTis wmindanma ajoba am nawils. radgan zogi berZenTagani ambobs, rom ca da 

varskvlavebi ar waxdebian, radgan iqmnen usufTavesi nivTisagan; xolo romlebic axlos 

arian xrwnad sxeulebTan, amboben, rom iqmnen udaresi da mqise nivTisagan da rom 

aucileblobiTad iqmnen aseTebi. [...] Tuki aucileblobiTad moxda ase, rogorRa aris 

nivTi cudi, radgan Tavis TavSi aqvs aucileblobiTi CvenTvis? amgvarad nivTi ar aris 

cudi aranairad” (sqolioebi saRvTo saxelebze... 4, $28: Sdr. iqve 10, $3). 

816 Sdr. g. TevzaZe, sicocxlis filosofia... 55-56. 

255

aramed raTa vifiqroT moZravi (le mouvant), anu axali sakuTari Tavis 

qmnadobis procesSi. tradiciuli filosofia cdilobda maradiulobis, 

anu Tavad cvlilebis ucvleli kanonebis daWeras droSi. cdilobda 

wvdomoda moZraobas mxolod rogorc udroo SesaZleblobis 

realizacias. anu, is rac Cndeba rogorc arsebuli, is rac ibadeba 

droSi da aqvs sakuTari kanonebi, sazrisi an mizezi sadRac sxvagan. 

arsebuli amgvarad aris mxolodRa winmswrebi SesaZleblobis 

ganxorcieleba. bergsonis azriT, filosofiam da, zogadad, azrovnebam, 

unda miatovos maradiulze wuxili da misken swrafva, Tuki mas surs, 

moiazros drois Zala. 

Tuki SesaZlebloba win uswrebs Tavis arsebobas, maSin axali 

SeuZlebeli xdeba saerTod, maSin vlaparakobT drois Sesaxeb imis 

gareSe, rom vfiqrobT masze, anu wavSliT drois erTaderT 

damaxasiaTebels, romelic mas gansazRvravs – mis SemoqmedebiT Zalas. 

amrigad, dro aRar SeiZleba iazrebodes, rogorc garegani CarCoebi, 

romlis SigniTac movlenebi rigSi misdeven erTmaneTs. dro Tavad unda 

iazrebodes, rogorc moqmedebis aRmZvreli Zala. bergsoni drois arss 

uigivebs Semoqmed Zalas: “Tu dro arafers akeTebs da qmnis, maSin is 

aris araferi”. 817 aseT viTarebaSi bergsons Semoaqvs xangrZlivobis (la 

durée) koncepti. igi sWirdeba mas, raTa sicocxlis evoluciis 

“faqtobriobiT” Seavsos nakluli rgoli drois subieqtur gancdasa da 

realur drois Soris, anu gaamarTlos Tavis sakuTari filosofiuri 

hipoteza. xangrZlivoba esaa cnobierebis iseTi mdgomareoba, rodesac 

sakuTari pirovnebis Semoqmedebisas aqtiuri adamianis mexsierebaSi namyomyofadi 

ikvreba erT intuiciur intensivobad _ morgvad. 818 

TiToeuli momenti adamianis TviTSeqmnad sicocxleSi aris 

ganumeorebeli movlena, magram igi ar aris mowyvetili sxva 

817 H. Bergson, Creative Evolution, Dover, New York, 1998, 340, 342 (304-343) (ix. P. Marrati, Mysticism and the 

Foundation of the Open Society,… 593-4) 

818 

Sdr. g. TevzaZe, sicocxlis filosofia... 60-61. aseve Л.Н. Любинская, С.В. Лепилин, 

Философские проблемы времени... 128: “Сознанию дано непосредственно уловить незавершенную текучесть 

времени. Длительность означает, что я живу настоящим с памятью о прошлом и в предвосхищении 

будущего. [...] Сознание скрепляет прошлое и будущее настоящим... один миг может длиться вечно. [...] 

Конкретное время – это жизненный поток с элементами новизны в каждом из мгновений. А. Бергсон 

сравнивает это время с клубком, который увеличиваясь, не теряет накопленное. А механическому времени 

можно сопоставить образ жемчужного ожерелья. В механическом времени каждый момент сам по себе. [...] 

‘Только внутри меня есть процесс организации и взаимопроникновения, образующий реально длящееся 

время’. [...] ”. 

256

momentebisagan. igia axali intensivoba, romelSic CarTulia namyo 

intensivobebi imgvarad, rom gamzadebulia myofadis intensivoba, 

romelic, Tavis mxriv, iqneba Tavisufali RmerTkacuri aqti, ese igi 

xdomoba. am xdomobis SuqSi samyaroc axlebulad unda iyos CarTuli, 

anu yvela arsebuli iZens axal sicocxles, axal raobas. es igivea, rac 

huserlis monadebis intersubieqtur velSi moqceuli arsebulebi (ix. 

zemoT). aseTi viTarebisas bergsoni Tvlis, rom aucilebelia TiToeuli 

obieqtisaTvis nawarmoebi iqnas erTeuli koncepti, romelic Sesabamisi 

iqneboda erTeuli sagnisaTvis imis magivrad, rom ukve gamzadebuli iyos 

yoveli axali faqtisaTvis kategoriebis jgufi an konceptualuri 

sqemebi. aseTi erTeuli konceptebis arseboba bergsonisaTvis gardauvali 

iyo obieqtebis da movlenebis marad siaxlis SemecnebisaTvis (Cven 

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom TiToeuli maqsimeseuli arsebulis 

koncepti/logosi axleburad vlindeba marad axal movlena-samyaroSi). 

mas aseve miaCnda, rom deterministuli da finalisturi midgoma 

obieqtebisa Tu movlenebisadmi orive erTnairad araswori iyo: Tu 

determinizmisaTvis yvelaferi warsulSi ukve mocemuli iyo, 

finalizmisaTvis igive iqneba momavalSi, anu evolucia da axlis 

“arafrisagan” SemoqmedebiTi “dabadeba” miznobrivi da gansazRvrulia. 

orive SemTxvevaSi gamodis, rom sicocxlis saxeebi (yoveli obieqti 

swored sicocxlis saxea, sul mcire potenciurad mainc) araferia da 

dros warTmeuli aqvs Semoqmedebis Zala – istoria, rogorc adamianis 

sicocxle, sazriss kargavs. 

yovelive amasTan erTad, istoriuli progresic aseve 

retrospeqtuli movlenaa. araviTari TavisTavadi, modernistulad 

gagebuli progresi ar arsebobs. Tavisufali SemoqmedebiTi, arafrisagan 

gamomdinare aqtiT warmoqmnili samyaro ar aris progresis Sedegi, 

aramed axali da ganumeorebeli. sasufeveli ar gamomdinareobs 

amasoflisagan. is RmerTkacuri aqtis Sedegia da ara “deterministi” 

istoriis. istoria Tavad aris sasufevlis retroaqtiuri Sedegi. 

sasufeveli TavisTvisac marad axalia. arsebulTa logosebis, RmerTis 

azris amouwuravoba da am “amouwuradobebis” marad axleburi 

Tavisufali pirovnebiseuli “kombinacia” aris amis garanti. adamiani (misi 

suli) marad gaxsnili unda iyos siaxlisaTvis, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes, 

257

masSi daibados axali samyaro (CvenTvis sasufeveli): “sxvagvari midgomaa 

gaxsnili suli – ambobs a. bergsoni _, ra wamSiac aRvavseT igi, Cven 

advilad SegveZlo, dagvecala is kvlav”. 819 es gaxsniloba sxva araferia, 

Tu ara tendencia an midgoma, anu igi aris mistikuri pozicia. 

gaxsnilobas ara aqvs obieqti. nebismieri obieqti, Tundac is yofiliyo 

mTeli samyaro, Caketavda mas. mistikosi aris yvela, vinc ar Cerdeba 

samyaroze, romelSic isini moqmedeben da misticizmis Zala aris 

moqmedebis/Semoqmedebis Zala. anu, sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, mistikuri 

gaxsnilobas ar aqvs, da arc SeuZlia hqondes, gansazRvruli an 

gansazRvrebadi obieqti. amasTan erTad, gaxsniloba ar aris erTi 

romelime etapi, aramed mudmivi da maradiuli mdgomareoba. veravin 

gansazRvravs kacobriobis Semdgom saxes – kacobrioba mudam axal saxes 

da, amdenad, gansazRvrulobas Rebulobs. igi miiswrafvis 

universalurisaken. universali ki carielia, radgan igi aris moZraoba 

ganusazRvreli mimarTulebiT da TanamimdevrobiT. amgvarad, igi hgavs 

siyvarulis garegabijebas (Sdr. έξω εαυτού γίνεται), trfialebis eqstazur 

afeTqebas. 820 universaliebi ver axsnian verafers, radgan isini Tavad 

unda aixsnan. 821 logosebi Tavad unda “ganimarton”, yovel jerze 

axleburad iqnan wakiTxuli trfialebis “gonieri sigiJiT” 

axladdaweril samyaros teqstSi, anu qristes tanze. 

a. bergsonisaTvis aseTi misticizmis wyaro aris emociebi da 

grZnobebi. am grZnobebma unda gamoiwvion kaTarzisi (dramis 

aristoteleseuli gagebiT), anu saRvTo realobaSi CarTva 

(areopageliseuli ierarqia). man gamoiyena musikis magaliTi, radgan 

miCneulia, rom musika aris gansakuTrebuli Zala emociis gamosawvevad. 

musikas aqvs unari, Seqmnas axali grZnobebi da Seiyvanos igi adamianSi 

819 A. Bergson, Two Sources of Morality and Religion, University of Notre Dame Press, 1977, 38 (ix. P. Marrati, 

Mysticism and the Foundation of the Open Society,… 599). aseTi viTarebisaTvis SegveZlo 

gvewodebina sulis apofatikuri pozicia. gaxsniloba marad ganaxlebadisadmi, 

maradiuli winsvla RmerTsityvaSi samyaros axleburad SemecnebisaTvis, rac 

gulisxmobs adamianisa da samyaros niadag feriscvalebas qristes tanad. 

820 p. iberi, Sromebi... 41: “xolo ars ganmacÂbrebelca trfialebaÁ saRmrToÁ (εκστατικός ο 

θείος έρως)... TÂT mizezica igi yovelTa keTilTa da saxierebaTaÁ... garegan Tavisa TÂsisa 

iqmnebis (έξω εαυτού γίνεται)”. 

821 G. Deleuze and F. Guattari, What is Philosophy?, Columbia University Press, USA, 1994, 7 (ix. P. Marrati, 

Mysticism and the Foundation of the Open Society… 600) 

258

an, ufro zustad, Seiyvanos adamiani masSi. 822 magram grZnobebis Zala ar 

SeiZleba gamowveuli iqnas magaliTis gareSe. aqedan gamomdinareobs 

gmiris roli (mag., qriste). miuxedavad amisa, bergsonisaTvis gmiris 

figura mainc ver avsebs gaxsnilobis sicarieles. mibaZva aucilebelia, 

magram es aris mibaZva arafris, radgan ar arsebobs kanonebi, normebi, 

saxelmZRvaneloebi, romelTac unda misdios mbaZvelma: is, rac unda 

miibaZos, aris gonebis ganwyobileba, tendencia, miswrafeba da moqmedebis 

unari. es ar niSnavs iracionaluri emociebisa da fantaziebis miyolas. 

rac bergsons undoda eCvenebina aris is, rom gaxsniloba da qmnadoba 

araa mxolod gonebis sfero, aramed igi intuiciis holistikuri 

movlenaa. aseTi realoba Cven vnaxeT dionise areopagelis evqaristiuli 

RvTisSemecnebisas, romeli realobac qveteqstad gasdevs maqsimes mTel 

Teologias. 

aq, saWiroa, cota xniT SevCerdeT bergsonis “ontologiur 

hermenevtikaze”. 823 igi hermenevtikas udgeba ara mxolod rogorc 

interpretacias. hermenevtikul wres igi ganixilavs, rogorc arsebobis 

fundamentur moduss, ontologiur struqturas, romelic TavisTavad 

moqmedebs samyaroSi. bergsoni Tavis statiaSi “inteleqtualuri 

Zalisxmeva” iyenebs termin xats, raTa aCvenos pirveladi, uSualo migneba, 

romelic aris ufro metad mentaluri, vidre gadamuSavebeli, umi 

SegrZneba/aRqma, magram naklebi, vidre gonebismieri, kognitiuri gagebis 

aqti (Cven SegveZlo, misTvis gvewodebina logismo. am cnebis Sesaxeb ix. 

zemoT). anu, is aris inteleqtualuri Zalisxmevis “umi” masala. am xatebs 

sWirdebaT “momwifeba”, anu organizeba. amisaTvis isini unda moergon, 

Casxdnen ufro farTo struqturaSi, anu sqemaSi. 824 magram aseve 

822 A. Bergson, Two Sources of Morality and Religion, University of Notre Dame Press, 1977, 103 (ix. P. Marrati, 

Mysticism and the Foundation of the Open Societ… 600). Sdr. kiTxva-pasuxebi 109, ΕΠΕ 14 Α, 164: 

“elise mefeebisagan iTxovda ymawvils, romelsac ecodineboda galoba, anu iazrebda da 

SeeZlo naTqvamisaTvis eSuadgomla, raTa masSi (naTqvami) moqceuli sazrisi (logosi) 

gadaeyvana da STaebeWda sulSi”. ra Tqma unda, am pasaJSi ar aris laparaki mxolod 

grZnobad emociaze da igi SeiZleba ganimartos imis safuZvelze, rom musika anu 

melodia aris, upirveles yovlisa da upiratesad, arsebobis/yofierebis xati (amis 

Sesaxeb ix. А. Лосев, Музыка как предмет логики, Самое само, Москва 1999, 655.., 690.., 706-735). 

823 am nawilSi ZiriTadad mivsdevT R.L. Brougham, Ontological Hermeneutics: An Overlooked 

Bergsonian Perspective, Process Studies Vol. 22 (1, Spring, 1993), Claremont, USA, 37-41 

824 Sdr. Л.Н. Любинская, С.В. Лепилин, Философские проблемы времени... 125: “Здесь явно прослеживается 

аналогия между тем методом, который использует А. Бергсон, и тем, как поступают исследователи, когда 

перед ними стоит задача раскрыть сущность той или иной вещи. Известно, что если включить ту или иную 

вещь в систему других вещей, то эта исследуемая вещь под воздействием других вещей может быть 

подвергнута преобразованиям. […] Естественно, что речь идет о вещах, обладающих свойством валидности. 

259

aucilebelia, rom es sqema moergos xats, anu TviTonac transformirdes. 

obieqtebis arsebobis saxis dadgena igivea, rac axlis gamogoneba, 

romelic aris masalisa da zogadi sqemis urTierTSewyobis (rogorc 

simReraSi Seewyobian xmebi erTmaneTs) aqti. anu, igi aris, rogorc zemoT 

vnaxeT, TviTSemoqmedebis, da, amdenad, “samyaroSemoqmedebis” 

(“sasufevelSemoqmedebis” RmerTkacuri) aqti. gamogoneba, amasTan erTad, 

aris morgeba ori mimarTulebiT: 1. horizontaluri, Semadgenel 

komponentebs, anu xatebs Soris da 2. vertikaluri, sqemasa da xatebs 

Soris. 

inteleqtualuri Zalisxmeva SeiZleba iwyebodes hermenevtikuli 

wris nebismieri adgilidan _ sqemidan an xatebidan. an sulac 

“Suagulidan”, anu “qaosuri areulobidan”. aseve morgeba SeiZleba 

midiodes nebismieri mimarTulebiT da mimdinareobdes erTdroulad. 

mTavaria, rom dinamiuroba saxezea (bergsoni ar gulisxmobda 

fragmentebidan empirul zedapirze amosvlas, rogorc es aristoteles 

posterioruli analizis (αναλυτικά ύστερα) boloSia mocemuli da arc 

kantiseuli formebis “maRlidan-dabla” dadebas. igi gulisxmobda 

hermenevtikul cirkulacias manam, sanam Sesabamisi “morgeba” ar miiRweva). 

saubaria aseve ori kauzalurobis anu mizez-Sedegobrivi polusis 

sawyisi da saboloo kauzalurobis (determinuloba/finalurobis) 

Sewyobis SesaZleblobis Sesaxebac: “...isini muSaoben... impulssa [sawyis 

biZgsa] da mizidvas [finalisaken] Soris, sawyis mizezsa da saboloo 

mizezs Soris”. 825 metafizikosebi, bergsonis azriT, aRiareben an sqemis an 

xatis/xatebis upiratesobas. Tavad bergsoni ki win wamowevs orive 

polusis urTierTmorgebulobis Tanabar mniSvnelovnebas. amas sxvanairad 

(process filosofiasa da TeologiaSi) ewodeba Sezrda. anu, Cven 

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom “amoizrdeba” RmerTkacuri axali samyaro/ 

sociumi/polisi, romelSic TanabarmniSvnelovania rogorc “adamianuri”, 

ise “RvTaebrivi” Senatani. TiToeuli pirovneba aseTi samyarosi ar aris 

“sqemas”, anu logosebis tans metad daqvemdebarebuli, vidre Tavad 

“sqema” _ pirovneba/pirovnebebs (qristem miiRo “xati monisa”). 

Валидность – это такое свойство вещи, при наличии которого вхождение вещи в систему существенно 

преобразует эту вещь”. 

825 A. Bergson, L’Energie_Spirituelle (translated as Mind-Energy), Trans. H. Wildon Can. Henry Holt & Co., 1919, 

229-230 (ix. R.L. Brougham, Ontological Hermeneutics: An Overlooked Bergsonian Perspective... 40). 

260

policentrulia samyaro da marad axladqmnadi. esqatoni marad 

winmswrafi da axali realobaa da ara “maradmkvdari” logosebis 

“mkvdradSobili” winaswar determinirebuli sxeuli – romlis aRsawerad 

sityva “faSizmi” (ix. zemoT) zedmeti da uadgilo qaTinauri iqneboda. 

qristocentruloba aranairad ar gulisxmobs qristomonizms. 

Tanamedrove berZeni Teologi petro vasiliadisi wers: “drois 

msvlelobasTan erTad metad da metad xdeboda cocxali da qarizmatuli 

(anu suliwmidiseuli) erTobis institucionalizacia. igi gadaiqceoda 

upiratesad individualuri religiuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis 

sferod. es ki xdeboda imitom, rom eklesiis cxovrebaSi imTaviTve 

iWreboda qristomonisturi midrekilebebi. [...] isini niadag gadauxvevdnen 

mamebis Teologiis triadologiuri mimarTulebidan”. 826 ra Tqma unda, 

eklesia ar aris da arc SeiZleba iyos individualisturi 

“vneba/gancdebis” dakmayofilebis sfero. eklesia aris drosa da 

saukuneebSi gavrcobili qriste (η Εκκλσία είναι ο εις τους αιώνας παρατείνοοµενος 

Χριστός). TiToeuli qristianuli erTobis wevrebi (asoebi) uigivdebian 

eklesias, arian eklesia. anu ar Seadgenen ubralod wevrebs erTi 

romelime ierarqiulad dastruqturebuli organizmis an raime 

religiuri jgufis, aramed arian Tavad eklesia. eklesiuri krebiTobis 

xasiaTis da am krebiTobasTan erTobis upiratesobiT eklesiis misteria 

gaigeba esqatologiur perspeqtivaSi. anu, eklesiis arseboba aRiniSneba 

ara imiT, rac xdeboda warsulSi, aramed ganisazRvreba imiT, rac 

momavalSia; amitom eklesia imis garda, rom ar kargavs Tavis 

qristologiur xasiaTs, gaigeba, rogorc safuZvlebrivad 

pnevmatologiuri (πνευµατολογικά, “suliwmidametyvelebiTi”). 827 

RvTismWvretelobis (θεοπτία) cnebis mixedviT, saeklesio Teologia ar 

ganisazRvreba, rogorc erTi Caketili logikuri sistema, romelic 

momdinareobs da dafuZnebulia “gamocxadebiT” erTeulebze (wm. werili, 

gardamocemaÁ, saeklesio avtoriteti da a.S), aramed uigivdeba eklesiis 

TiToeuli wevris sulier gamocdilebas, romlis namdviloba Semowmdeba 

da dasturdeba wm. werilisa da tradiciis bazaze. pnevmatologia 

uaryofs avtoritetis saboloo rols da win wamowevs adamianis 

826 Π. Βασιαλειάδης, Επίκαιρα αγιογραφκά θέµατα. Αγία Γραφή και Ευχαριστία, Θεσσαλονίκη 2000, 49 

827 Π. Βασιαλειάδης, Επίκαιρα αγιογραφκά θέµατα. Αγία Γραφή και Ευχαριστία... 132, 135 

261

pirovnebas. 828 amrigad, adamiani ar aris valdebuli, iyurebodes ukan, 

warsulisaken, aramed koncentrirebas axdens momavalze. namyo 

Zalauflebrivad da ZalmomreobiTad ar dominirebs awmyoze, aramed 

marad axleburad ganimarteba momavlis perspeqtiviT. suliwmidis 

moqmedeba aTavisuflebs adamians warsulis xundebisa da SiSisagan da 

xdis mas Tavis TanaSemoqmeds. 829 namyo/myofadis Tavmoyris adgili aris 

qristes tani (qristocentruloba) da amave dros, am tanis TiToeuli 

organo/wevri (pnevmatocentruloba/suliwmidacentruloba). qristes tani 

suliwmidiT cocxlobs, rogorc “RvTismsaxuri erToba”, anu 

evqaristiuli organizmi. saRvTo evqaristias ar aqvs mxolod 

sakramentalisturi (magiuri, ZvelberZnul-Teurgiuli) da 

tragediul/“awmyocentruli” ganzomileba, aramed eris RmerTTan 

ziarebis gamoxatulebaa da aris wminda samebis hipostasebis 

urTierTziarebis anarekli. Nnikolaos ludovikosi wers: “wminda maqsimes 

evqaristiul ontologiaSi istorias ar SeuZlia, miiRos erTi 

centraluri sazrisi, rogorc erTaderTi misi mizani. igi Rebulobs 

mravali pirovnuli miznis erT Tavisufal urTierTziarebas, romlebic 

gamosaxaven (aRweren) erTgvar xdomadobas 830 (γίγνεσθαι). es xdomadoba 

WeSmaritia mxolod maSin, rodesac stimulirebs erT RmerTsityvaSi 

arsebulebis Tavisufal eqsistencialur ziarebas axla da aq – da ara 

erT ganyenebul, winaswarmoazrebul da dialeqtikurad Tavs moxveul 

centralur mizansa Tu sazriss. 831 [...adamianis] pirovnebebi da maTi 

erToba (sociumi) arian erTdroulad TviTmiznebi da es faqti aris 

828 iqve 61-62. 

829 iqve 60 

830 γίγνεσθαι - is rac niadag da ganmeorebiTad xdeba. 

831 Sdr. Ed. Moore, Kerygma and Dogma: A Post-Modern Perspective, Theandros: An Online Journal of Orthodox 

Theology and Philosophy, vol 2, no. 2 (Winter 2004/5) http://www.theandros.com/kerygma.html: “Maximus the 

Confessor, who declared that the Incarnation would have occurred whether or not humanity lapsed into sin - for the 

purpose of Creation, according to Maximus, was that God may have an opportunity to objectify Himself. This is 

virtually identical to Hegel’s concept of the realization of Absolute Spirit in history, and is the result of the burying 

of the herald-call (kкrugma) under mountains of dogma and canons. When this occurs, the present is enshrined as a 

permanent state of being; the eschatological vision becomes reduced to a museum piece, an artifact, and the past (as 

well as the future) becomes ensconced in an interpretative milieu that is reduced to a constant struggle against any 

manner of intellectual development. The term "innovation" becomes a dirty word, and is quickly connected with the 

equally weighty term "heres"(See A. Schmemann, The Historical Road of Eastern Orthodoxy, tr. L.W. Kesich 

(Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press 1992), pp. 220-230ff)”. 

262

istoriis erTaderTi gamarTleba. [...istoriis] mizani ar aris 

absoluturi da damoukidebeli Cemgan, aramed aris Cemi pirovnuli”. 832 

evqaristia aris “axali aRTqmis” dadebis marad ganmeorebadi 

moqmedeba. amgvarad, aRTqma marad daideba RmerTsa da mis marad 

ganaxlebul, axlad dabadebad ers Soris (Sdr: “es aris aRTqmis Cemi 

sisxli” mark 14,24; 1kor 11,25). 833 eklesia, rogorc “religiuri 

xelisufleba” win ar aRudgeba samoqalaqo/saxelmwifo xelisuflebas, 

rogorc amasofliuri Zala dafuZnebuli “wminda” 

avtoritetuloba/avtoritarulobaze. igi aris RvTis 

esqatologiur/evqaristiuli eri, romelic Seisisxlxorcebs 

mSvidobianad da gardamsaxavad garemos. marTalia, eklesia aris mwiri da 

xizani samyaroSi, magram, amave dros, aris safuari, romelic marad 

Secvlis 834 samyaros. 835 eklesiis evqaristiuli misiis mizani aris Tavis 

kaTolikuroba/sayovelTaobis gamovlineba. xolo es ukanaskneli 

aRmsareblobiTi viwro sazRvrebis gareTac vrceldeba. igi gadalaxavs 

Tavad qristianobis sazRvrebsac da gadaefineba arareligiur sferos, 

832 Ν. Λουδοβίκος, Ορθοδοξία και Εκσυγχρονισµός. Ορθόδοξη Εξατοµίκευση, Κράτος και Ιστορία, στην προοπτική 

του ευρωπαϊκού µέλλοντος, Αθήνα 2006, 238. Sdr. iqve 231-263; misive , Η οντολογία της ισχύος και 

καταστροφή του κοινονικού, Η Αποφατική Εκκλησιολογία του Οµούσιου, Αθήνα 2002, 245-274. 

833 Π. Βασιαλειάδης, Επίκαιρα αγιογραφκά θέµατα. Αγία Γραφή και Ευχαριστία... 70, 72. 

834 

Sdr. ioane oqropiris wirvis epiklizisis locvas: “kvlav mogarTmevT am 

sityvier/gonier (λογικήν, sityvagonier) da usisxlo msaxurebas da gTxovT da gevedrebiT 

da gxvewniT qveCamoavline suli Seni wminda Cvenze da am winmdebare ZRvenze da ¨hqmen es 

puri Sens qristes patiosan xorcad, xolo am barZimSi [Rvino] Seni qristes sisxlad 

Sescvli ra [maT] (µεταβαλών, преложив, gardaisvri ra) Seni wminda suliT”. suliwmida 

pur/Rvinos, anu am samyaros, gadaisvris im samyaros realobaSi da ganmsWvalavs 

(περιχωρεί) pirvels ukanaskneliT (maqsime sityva περιχώρησις iyenebs qristeSi ori bunebis 

urTierTganmsWvalulobis aRsawerad. ix. Tollefsen Torstein, The Christocentric Cosmology... 107). 

Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebasac, rom, aristoteles kvalad maqsimesaTvis adgili 

TavisTavad ar arsebobs, aramed gareSemoiwereba sagniT da mas gareSemowers, maSin ar 

unda SegvaSinos cneba Secvlis “adgilcvlilebadac” ganmartebam. maqsime erTgan ambobs: 

“visi dabadebac saRvTo ganzraxvisamebr xdeba, misi arsebisamebr yofna narCundeba 

ararsebobisaken arsebobidan adgilSeucvleli” (sxvadasxva siZnelis... PG 91, 1329B). 

aqedan TiTqos gamodis, rom maqsimesaTvis ararsebobac erTgvari adgilia. magram es ase 

araa. aq adgili mainc xarisxobrivad unda gavigoT. anu, radgan sagani ukve arsebobs, 

amdenad arsebobs misi adgilic. rogoric aris sagani, iseTia misi adgilic. rodesac 

sagani ganidrikeba da miemarTeba ararsebobisaken da, amdenad, icvleba uaresobisaken, 

igi CaiTrevs Tavis adgilsac, anu Secvlis/Seicvlis Tavis adgilsac. sagani ki ar 

gadadis ararsebobis adgilSi, aramed Tavis adgils transformirebs, amaxinjebs 

ararsebobisaken mimarTuli. amrigad, rodesac suliwminda Secvlis sagans zRvruli 

saukeTesoebisaken, CaiTrevs am sagnis adgilsac, anu evqaristiis SemTxvevaSi, 

xarisxobrivad (TiToeuls damtevnelobis mixedviT) trapezsac, sakurTxevels (“scenas”) 

taZarsac (“auditorias”), polissac, samyarosac. amitomacaa, rom marTlmadidebluri 

gagebiT TiToeuli epiklizisi moqmedebs samyaros masStabiT – mTel samyaros adgils 

Seucvlis, anu transformirebs zesamyarod. 

835 Sdr. Π. Βασιαλειάδης, Επίκαιρα αγιογραφκά θέµατα. Αγία Γραφή και Ευχαριστία… 82 

263

ogorc individualur, 836 aseve _ socialur/saxelmwifos. 837 

kaTolikuroba ukavSirdeba RmerTis samefos nanatr warmosaxulobas, 

romelic (sasufeveli) aris wminda samebis Sinagani 

sasiyvarulo/trfialebiTi ziarebis dinamiurobis garegamovlineba 

qmnilebaSi _ mTeli samyaro avTenturad CarTulia samebis sicocxlis 

polifoniur harmoniaSi, romlis xatadac gvesmis qarTuli mravalxmiani 

simRera. 

836 Sdr. J.Pasquini, Atheism and Salvation, Atheism, University Pres of America, New York, Oxford 2000, 32: 

karl rahneris “anonimuri qristianis” konceptis mixedviT, savsebiT SesaZlebelia 

inteleqtualurad areul msoflioSi iyvnen adamianebi, romlebic azrovneben da 

laparakoben aTeisturad. es ar niSnavs, rom aseTebi Sinaganadac aTeistebi da 

ganwirulebi arian. Sdr. Архимандрит Софроний, Письма в Россию, Москва 2003, 11-12, 126, 128-129, 

131: “gardacvalebis dRe aris didi da umniSvnelovanesi movlena Cvens cxovrebaSi. 

sikvdilisaken gza aris mtkivneuli, magram Tavad sikvdili aris gansxvavebuli ram. [...] 

faqti, rom rodesac katias sikvdilisas (kvdomisas) gamoecxada deda da STaagona ar 

gardacvliliyo urwmunod [katia, sofronis da, Segnebuli da principuli aTeisti iyo – 

k.k], aris cxadi niSani imisa, rom igi (katia) xarbad iRebs Sens locvebs misTvis, da rom 

misTvis Seni locvebi miaRweven RmerTTan da masTan. amitom gTxov, iloce misTvis... da 

Sen daexmarebi mas, daZlios sikvdilis sfero qristes ZaliT, romelmac gaimarjva 

sikvdilze. [...] sikvdilis momenti aris ukanaskneli brZola ori samyaros mijnaze da is, 

pirvel rigSi, aris movlena imisaTvis, vinc kvdeba. [...] es movlena suls gamoucxadebs 

mravalgvar rames, romelic CvenTvis dafarulia sxeulis safarveliT”. 

837 Sdr. Π. Βασιαλειάδης, Επίκαιρα αγιογραφκά θέµατα. Αγία Γραφή και Ευχαριστία… 36. aseve Sdr. P. 

Vassiliadis, Beyond Christian Universalism: The Church’s Witness in a Multicultural Society, Scientific Annals of 

the Faculty of Theology Vol. 7, School of Pastoral and Social Theology, Thessalonica 2001, 316-320: One of the 

functions of ritual is to be a means of upbuilding the religious community as a communion and a way of living. This 

communal understanding of ritual discourages all distinctions between the various segments within the religious 

communities, but also by extension within the wider social life. Thus it overcomes the corrupted hierarchical order 

both in society and in the priestly ministries of the church. It dissolves barriers between members of different 

religious system and promotes religious tolerance and peaceful coexistence in a multicultural society. And if we 

understand church which is identified not by what it is given to her in the past, nor by what she is as an institutional 

reality, but by what she is supposed to become at the end of time, at the Escaton then the church is an organ which 

impels the body of society and state towards the tolerant, just and environmentally sustainable society. 

264

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