Mamocana #1 - ieeetsu

Ma m o c a n a #1
orTqladqcevis kuTri siTbos gansazRvra
N nivTierebis gadasvlas Txevadidan airad mdgomareobaSi orTqlad
qceva ewodeba. Aam dros mniSnelovnad izrdeba saSualo manZili
molekulebs Soris, rasac ewinaaRmdegebian molekulebs Soris arsebuli
SeWidulobis Zalebi da garegani wneva. Aam Zalebis winaaRmdeg sruldeba
muSaoba garedan miRebuli siTbos an sxeulis Sinagani energiis xarjze.
orTqladqcevis kuTri siTbo ewodeba siTbos im raodenobas,
romelic saWiroa mudmivi temperaturis dros erTeulovani masis siTxis
orTqlad gardaqmnisaTvis.
Tu wylian kalorimetrSi garkveuli raodenobis orTqls
gavatarebT, orTqli wylad iqceva (kondensirdeba). Kkondensirebis dros
xdeba kalorimetris, wylisa da masSi moTavsebuli sxeulebis gaTboba
manamde, sanam kondensirebuli orTqli, wyali da kalorimetri ar
miiReben saerTo temperaturas. Aam dros orTqli kargavs siTbos
raodenobas:
Q m c m t
(1)
2 2
sadac orTqladqcevis kuTri siTboa, m - kondensirebuli orTqlis
masa, c 2
- wylis kuTri siTbotevadoba temperaturaTa intervalSi -dan
t2
-mde, t2
-orTqlis sawyisi temperatura, - saboloo temperatura.
siTbos am raodenobas iZens kalorimetri, wyali da masSi
moTavsebuli sxeulebi:
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Q c M q t
(2)
1 1
sadac c 1
-wylis kuTri siTbotevadobaa temperaturaTa intervalSi t 1
-dan
-mde, M -wylis masa, q - siTbos raodenoba, romelic xmardeba
kalorimetris da masSi moTavsebuli sxeulebis 1 0 -iT gaTbobas. t 1
-wylis
sawyisi temperatura.
Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT siTbos mcire danakargebs, siTburi
balansis gantolebas eqneba Semdegi saxe:
m c2mt2 c1M q
t1
(3)
saidanac
c M q
t
1 1
c2 t2
(4)
m
KkalorimetrSi asxia M ' masis wyali. wyliani kalorimetris sawyisi
temperaturaa t
1
' . igi SeiZleba gavaTboT t 2
' temperaturamde spiralis
meSveobiT.
Tu spiralSi gamavali denis Zala aris J , masze modebuli Zabva -U ,
maSin drois ganmavlobaSi gamoyofili siTbos raodenoba (kaloriebSi)
joul-lencis kanonis Tanaxmad ganisazRvreba formuliT:
Q' 0.24JU
siTbos es raodenoba ixarjeba, kalorimetris, wylis da masSi
moTavsebuli sxeulebis gasaTbobad:
Q' cM ' t ' t ' q t ' t '
2 1 2 1
Uukanaskneli ori tolobidan miiReba q -s mniSvneloba:
q
0.24JU
cM
'
t
(5)
2'
t1'
xelsawyos aRwera
xelsawyo, romlis saSualebiT ganisazRvreba orTqladqcevis kuTri
siTbo, Seicavs kalorimetrs (sareviT, TermometriT, spiraliT,
maduRaraTi, deflegmatoriT ) da gamaTbobels.Ddeflegmatoris
daniSnulebaa Seakavos rezinis milebSi orTqlis kondensaciis Sedegad
miRebuli wyali. (kondensaciis Sedegad warmoqmnili wylis Sesvla
kalorimetrSi gamoiwvevda gamoTvlebSi Secdomebis Setanas).
samuSaos SesrulebaD
2

1. kalorimetrisa da masSi moTavsebuli sxeulebisTvis q sididis
gansazRvra.
2. orTqladqcevis kuTri siTbos gansazRvra.
1. q s i d i d i s g a n s a z R v r a
1. maduRaraSi CaasxiT wyali (naxevramde) da dadgiT eleqtroquraze
asaduReblad. (amiT momzaddeba samuSaos meore nawili)
Y
2. aawyveT eleqtruli wredi mocemuli sqemis mixedviT, CaasxiT
kalorimetrSi wyali ise, rom spirali daifaros. daayeneT denis
Zalis da Zabvis miTiTebuli reJimi.
awyobili wredi xelZRvanelis gareSe ar CarToT.
3. gadmoasxiT kalorimetridan wyali da gansazRvreT kalorimetris
Mmasa M
1
' teqnikur sasworze awonviT 0.1 g-is sizustiT.
4.kvlav CaasxiT kalorimetrSi wyali da imave sasworze awonviT
gansazRvreT wyliani kalorimetris masa M
2
'.
kalorimetrSi moTavsebuli wylis masa
M ' M ' M '
2 1
0
5. CarTeT sarevi, gazomeT wylis sawyisi temperatura 0.1 -is sizustiT.
6. gazomeT oTaxis temperatura.
7. erTdroulad CarTeT eleqtruli wredi da wamsazomi.
deni gaatareT manamde, vidre wylis saboloo temperatura ar aiwevs
oTaxis temperaturaze zeviT imdeni gradusiT, ramdeniTac wylis
sawyisi temperatura naklebi iyo oTaxis temperaturaze. gazomeT
wredSi gamavali deni, Zabva da denis dinebis dro.
8. denisa da wamsazomis erTdrouli gamorTvis Semdeg gazomeT
saboloo maqsimaluri temperatura t
2
' (saboloo temperaturis
aTvlamde sarevi ar unda gamoirTos).
9. miRebuli Sedegebis CasmiT (5)-Si gamoTvaleT q sidide.
2. orTqladqcevis kuTri siTbos gansazRvra
1. SecvaleT wyali kalorimetrSi. Kkvlav gansazRvreT misi masa M
M M2
M1
M
2
-wyliani kalorimetris masaa -s gansazRvrisaTvis.
2. maduRaraSi wylis aduRebis Semdeg gazomeT kalorimetrSi
moTavsebuli wylis sawyisi temperatura t 1
.
3. deflegmatoris mili CauSviT kalorimetrSi. roca temperatura
0 0
miaRwevs 40 45 , deflegmatori amoiReT kalorimetridan da
sarevis muSaobis Seuwyvetelad gazomeT saboloo maqsimaluri
temperatura.
M .
4. awoneT kalorimetri kondensirebul orTqlTan erTad 3
gansazRvreT kondensirebuli orTqlis masa
3 2
m M M .
5. barometrze gazomeT atmosferuli wneva mm Hg -Si da cxrilidan
gansazRvreT orTqlis temperatura.
6. gazomvebiT da cxrilebiT miRebuli sididebi CasviT (4) formulaSi
da gansazRvreT .
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wylis duRilis temperatura sxvadasxva wnevaze
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
680 95.9138 .9542 .9946 .0349 .0751 .1153 .1555 .1956 .2356 .2756
690 97.3156 .3555 .3954 .4352 .4749 .5146 .5543 .5939 .6335 .6730
700 97.7125 .7519 .7913 .8307 .8700 .9092 .9484 .9876 .0267 .0657
710 98.1048 .1437 .1827 .2216 .2604 .2992 .3379 .3766 .4153 .4539
720 98.4225 .5310 .5695 .6079 .6463 .6846 .7229 .7612 .7994 .8376
730 98.8757 .9138 .9519 .9899 99.0278 .0657 .1036 .1414 .1792 .2170
740 99.2547 .2921 .3300 .3675 .4051 .4426 .4800 .5174 .5548 .5621
750 99.6294 .6667 .7039 .7410 .7781 .8152 .8523 .8893 .9262 .9631
760 100.0000 .0368 .0736 .1104 .1471 .1038 .2204 .2570 .2936 .3301
770 100.3666 .4030 4394 .4750 .5121 .5484 .5846 .6208 .6570 .6932
780 100.7293 .7653 .8013 .8373 .8733 .9092 .9450 .9808 .0166 .0524
790 101.0881 .1238 .1594 .1950 .2306 .2661 .3016 .3371 .3725 .4079
wylis kuTri siTbotevadoba sxvadasxva temperaturaze j/g 0 C
t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 4.2174 .4.2138 4.2104 4.2074 4.2075 4.2069 4.1996 4.1974 4.1954 4.1936
10 4.1919 4.1904 4.1890 4.1877 4.1866 4.1855 4.1846 4.1837 4.1829 4.1822
20 4.1816 4.1810 4.1805 4.1801 4.1797 4.1793 4.1790 4.1787 4.1758 4.1783
30 4.1782 4.1781 4.1780 4.1780 4.1779 4.1779 4.1780 4.1780 4.1781 4.1782
40 4.1783 4.1784 4.1786 4.1788 4.1789 4.1792 4.1794 4.1796 4.1799 4.1801
50 4.1804 4.1807 4.1811 4.1814 4.1817 4.1821 4.1825 4.1829 4.1833 4.1837
60 4.1893 4.1899 4.1905 4.1912 4.1918 4.1925 4.1932 4.1939 4.1946 4.1954
70 4.1893 4.1899 4.1905 4.1912 4.1918 4.1925 4.1932 4.1939 4.1946 4.1954
80 4.1961 4.1969 4.1977 4.1985 4.1994 4.2002 4.2011 4.2020 4.2029 4.2039
90 4.2048 4.2058 4.2068 4.2078 4.2089 4.2100 4.2111 4.2122 4.2133 4.2145
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literatura
1. v. parkaZe, g. gamcemliZe, d. daTebaSvili, v. jafariZe.
laboratoriuli praqtikumi fizikaSi, nawili I, gv. 273. Tsu, 1960.
2. laboratoriuli praqtikumi molekulur fizikaSi, j. caavas
redaqciiT. gv. 20. Tb., 2006.
3. Э. Л. Андроникашвили, Г. А. Гамцемлидзе, О. А. Канчели, Ю. Г. Мамаладзе.
Лабораторные работы по физике. стр. 94. М., ФМ, 1961.
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