yofierebis esTetika

gigi TevzaZe 

momavlis niSnebi 

(yofierebis esTetika) 

1995 

1

sarCevi: 

yofierebis esTetikis aucilebeli winasityvaoba ..................................................... 3 

Sesavali ............................................................................................................................. 7 

I nawili. axali personaJi ........................................................................................... 13 

I ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13 

II ........................................................................................................................................................................18 

III .................................................................................................................................................................... 24 

damateba: daskvnebi filosofiuri gamocdilebisaTvis ................................................... 28 

II nawili. tragediis gagrZeleba ................................................................................ 40 

I ....................................................................................................................................................................... 40 

II ...................................................................................................................................................................... 42 

III ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45 

IV..................................................................................................................................................................... 48 

V ......................................................................................................................................................................50 

III nawili. filosofiis axali miznebi ..................................................................... 59 

I ....................................................................................................................................................................... 59 

II ...................................................................................................................................................................... 64 

III .................................................................................................................................................................... 67 

IV..................................................................................................................................................................... 71 

damateba: esTetikis ilustracia inflaciuri kosmologiis saSualebiT ......... 75 

bolosityvaobis magivrad ............................................................................................. 82 

cnobierebis da yofierebis esTetikis damateba (1997). 

paradigma da urCxuli (filosofiuri gonebis saqmis gamoZieba) ........................ 88 

SeniSvnebi yofierebis da cnobierebis esTtikis damatebisaTvis: ....................... 115 

2

yofierebis esTetikis aucilebeli winasityvaoba 

"momavlis niSnebi" aris 1993 wels gamoqveynebuli wignis "Cveni dro, 

sfinqsi da Zenonis isari (cnobierebis esTetika)" gagrZeleba. am 

winasityvaobaSi me minda "cnobierebis esTetikis" ramdenime ZiriTad debulebas 

Sevexo, romelTa codnis gareSe mkiTxvels gauWirdeba yofierebis esTetikis 

aRqma. 

esTetikis mniSvneloba Cems wignebSi gansxvavdeba filosofiaSi am 

sityvis sayovelTaod miRebuli axsnidan. berZnuli aisjhsic-is erT-erTi 

ganmarteba aris kvali - romelsac cxoveli tovebs da romlis mixedviTac 

mcodne monadires eqmneba warmodgena kvalis damtovebelze da romelsac igi 

sabolood mekvlemde mihyavs. 

esTetika aris Cemi meTodi, romlis saSualebiTac "vakeTeb" filosofias; 

cnobierebisadmi (aseve yofierebisadmi) esTetikis miyeneba niSnavs im kvalis 

gayolas, romelsac cnobiereba Cvens garemoSi tovebs (cnobierebis beWedi ki 

CvenSi da Cvens garSemo yvelafers adevs), da kvalis xasiaTis mixedviT 

cnobierebis Sesaxeb warmodgenis Seqmna, sabolood ki, Tu gagvimarTlebs, 

cnobierebis "povnac". 

cnobierebis kvalze siarulisas gamoirkva, rom is arsebobs droebis 

saSualebiT. dro - am SemTxvevaSi niSnavs ara maTematikur, e.w. vul-garul 

dros, aramed princips, "kanons" romlis mixedviTac adamiani istoriis 

sxvadasxva wertilSi agebs samyaros da sakuTar cxovrebas (drois es gageba 

axlos aris berZnuliis mniSvnelobasTan. yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc 

mas heraklite iyenebda). 

aseTi dro--i - ganmsazRvreli principi aris sami - miTi, JamTa- 

aRmwerloba da istoria. Tuki movindomebT am droebis msoflmxedvelobrivi 

gamoxatulebis povnas, aRmoCndeba, rom maT Seesabamebian tradiciuli, 

3

eligiuri da nacionalisturi msoflaRqmebi. yoveli dro iwyebs arsebobas, 

mTavrdeba da icvleba momdevnoTi. 

rac Seexeba cnobierebis, rogorc movlenis bunebas, is esTetikis 

saSualebiT daxasiaTda, rogorc tragikuli, anu, dasasrulisken, 

katastrofisken mswrafi. "cnobierebis esTetikaSi" nacadia Sinagani kavSi-ris 

danaxva tragediis struqturasa da cnobierebis '"beds"' Soris. 

cnobierebis kvals enasTan movyevarT; irkveva, rom ena aris lamis 

mTavari fenomeni, romelic, SeiZleba iTqvas, cnobierebis formebis (droebis) 

monacvleobasac ki gansazRvravs. ena xasiaTdeba, rogorc ukve momxdari, 

dasrulebuli tragedia, romelic gaCerebulia da romlis mixedviTac 

cxovrobs cnobiereba. ena - gveubneba cnobierebis esTetika, aris cnobierebis 

paradigma, tragediis siuJeti, romlis mTavari personaJi - cnobierebaa. 

droebi gvevlinebian cnobierebis formebad, anu, im fenomenebad, 

romlebSic cnobiereba Tavis Tavs poulobs. cnobierebis Sinaarsi aris is 

yoveldRiuri (da arayoveldRiuri) moqmedebebi, Cvevebi, adamians rom 

axasiaTebs - lamis arsebobis dawyebidan da romlebic principulad ar 

Secvlilan (am fenomens me rituals vuwodeb). rituali universaluria da 

aqvs unari nebismier formas daeSinaarsos, anu, nebismier formaSi Sinaurad 

igrZnos Tavi. 

cnobierebis formebs sxvadasxva struqtura gaaCniaT; esTetika ad-gens 

oTx sazRvriT cnebas, romlebic sxvadasxva urTierTSesabamebiT qmnian 

sxvadasxva drois struqturas. esenia; SemTxveva, dro, sivrce, subieqti. 

SemTxveva samive droSi erTi saxisaa - dasrulebuli, damTavrebuli (esec 

albaT, cnobierebis [enis] tragikulobis fenomenia); 

miTi aris sazRvriTi cnebebis iseTi gawyoba, romelSic dro 

ganusazRvrelia, sivrce gansazRvruli, subieqti ki - ramdenime. 

JamTaaRmwerloba aris SemTxveva, romelSic sivrce ganusazRvrelia, dro - 

4

gansazRvruli, subieqti ki - erTi konkretuli. istoria aris ambavi, 

romelSic subieqti aris zogadi, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs dro-sivrces 

da sakuTari Tavidan sazRvravs maT. 

rogorc vTqviT, es sami forma mimdevrobiT xorcieldeba. sabolood, 

istoriis drois dadgomasTan erTad - droebi mTavrdebian - anu, sazRvriTo 

cnebebis yvela urTierTSesabameba amowurulia. es ki niSnavs, rom cnobierebis 

gza dasasruls, katastrofas uaxlovdeba. 

swored am dros, rodesac cnobiereba, erTi SexedviT, sakuTar gzas 

amTavrebs, da adamians dasasrulis auRelvebeli (an piriqiT) Wvretis meti 

aRaraferi darCenia, esTetika aRmoaCens or ucnaur fenomens, or kvals, 

romlebic sxvanairad gamoiyurebian - nacnob anabeWdebTan SedarebiT. 

es fenomenebia zRapari da TamaSi. 

zRaparSi, da gansakuTrebiT mis Tanamedrove formaSi Fantasy - 

cnobierebis esTetika xedavs gansxvavebul teqsts, ambavs, romelic TiTqos - 

cnobierebis yvela formis kvintesenciaa; erTsa da imave dros masSi erTi, 

ramdenime da zogadi subieqtebi monawileoben, dro da sivrcec - xan 

gansazRvrulia, xan ganusazRvreli. yovelive es cnobierebis esTetikas 

afiqrebinebs, rom zRapari aris cnobierebis bolo, "uformo forma" - 

romlis meSveobiTac aRiniSneba katastrofuli "dro". 

meore fenomens - TamaSs - esTetika axasiaTebs, rogorc meta-rituals, 

anu, ritualisaTvis, arsebobisaTvis, yofnisaTvis momzadebas. Tanamedrove 

garemoSi SeimCneva rogorc zRapris, aseve TamaSis gatotalureba. 

esTetika askvnis, rom katastroful droSi meta-samyaros (rac niSnavs 

samyaros suraTs, masasadame is yvela msoflmxedvelobis saxelia) usabamdeba 

meta-rituali. anu, ixsneba cnobierebisaTvis arsebiTi winaamRdegoba - 

ritualsa da meta-samyaros Soris. aseTi damTxveviT cnobiereba Tavis Tavs 

utoldeba, e.i. Cerdeba (cnobierebis esTetikis mixedviT, cnobierebis 

5

gauCereblobis, droebis cvalebadobis "mizezi" iyo forma-Sinaarsis damTxvevis 

"survili", swrafva maTi urTierTSesabamebisken [rac tragediis Sinaarsia]. es 

ar xdeboda 'ritualis "xasiaTis" gamo. damTxvevis, anu, cnobierebis orive 

modusis metad qcevis Semdeg, "win" moZraoba aRar xdeba). 

* * * 

aseTia is zogadi sqema, romelSic "cnobierebis esTetikaa" ganlagebuli. 

es sqema, iseve, rogorc saerTod sqematuri gadmocema, bevrs "agebs". magram 

Seicavs, marTalia, mxolod zedapiruli informaciis saxiT, im ZiriTad 

punqtebs, romelic esTetikam cnobierebis kvalze dadgomis Semdeg gaiara. 

nakvalevis gavlam cnobierebis Sesaxeb garkveuli warmodgena Seqmna, magram 

TviTon saZiebelis "saboloo" moxelTeba ar moxerxda. amjerad saWiroa sxva 

kvalze siaruli. im mekvles devna, romelic filosofiur tradiciaSi xSirad 

uigivdeba cnobierebas, anda, masTan Zalze axlo mdgomadaa gamocxadebuli. 

esTetikis yuradRebam yofierebisaken gadainacvla. 

6

Sesavali 

"WeSmaritad es iyo Tavidan erTi atmani. ar iyo sxva araferi.... man 

gaifiqra: "axla me Sevqmni samyaroebs"... man Seqmna samyaroebi.... man gaifiqra: 

"ai samyaroebi. axla me Sevqmni samyaros mcvelebs"" ("upaniSadebi" 1 naw. 1-3). 

"pirvelad iyo qaosi"... "qaosidan warmoiSva "farTomkerdiani gea... 

tartarosi geas siRrmeSi, erosi,... qaosidan warmoiSvnen erebosi da Savi Rame" 

(hesiode "Teogonia" 116-124). 

"es aris Txroba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor iyo yvelaferi ucnob, 

gaugebar mdgomareobaSi, yvelaferi iyo Cumi, civi, umoZrao, uxmauro; cis 

sivrcec iyo carieli; ar iyo arc adamiani, arc cxoveli, arc frinvelebi, 

arc Tevzebi, arc kiboebi, xeebi, gamoqvabulebi, xeobebi, balaxebi, ar iyo 

tyeebi,... jer araferi ar iyo SekavSirebuli.... ar iyo araferi, rasac 

SeiZleboda earseba"... arafridan warmoiSvnen qal-RmerTi tepevi, RmerTebi 

kukumani da xurakani" ("popol-vuxi" centra-luri amerika. maias kultura. 

Мифы Народов Мира.том þ 

yvela es ambavi mogviTxrobs samyaros warmoSobis Sesaxeb; anu, samive 

erTiandeba sayovelTaod cnobil fenomenSi, romelsac "kosmogoniuri miTi" 

ewodeba. 

kosmogoniuri miTis Semdegi, am pasaJebis momdevno nawili CvenTvis 

Cveul miTebis samyaroSi gvabrunebs. masSi aRiwereba RmerTebis da (an) 

adamianebis urTierTobiT Camoyalibebuli an gamyarebuli, mdgradoba miRebuli 

samyaro. 

7

odesac Cven cnobierebis esTetikaSi "miTi"'ganvsazRvreT, vTqviT, rom 

masSi aRiwereba SemTxveva, romelic xdeba sul - anu, ambavi, romelSic 

subieqti aris ramdenime konkretuli, sivrce gansazRvruli, dro ki - 

ugulvebelyofili da ganusazRvreli. 

kosmogoniur miTs "miTi" ewodeba, magram, rogorc vxedavT, is ar jdeba 

miTis arsobriv gansazRvrebaSi; sakuTriv miTi - rogorc garkveuli ambavi - 

mxolod mis im nawils SeiZleba davarqvaT, sadac laparakia samyaros kanonebis 

(miTebis) qmnadobaze. 

Tuki moyvanil fragmentebs davakvirdebiT, vnaxavT, rom SesaZlebelia 

isini oTx nawilad gavyoT; pirveli - ambavi, romelic mogviTxrobs da 

aRgviwers mdgomareobas samyaros Seqmnamde ("...Tavidan erTi atmani", 

"...yvelaferi ucnob, gaugebar mdgomareobaSi", "pirvelad iyo qaosi...") da meore 

- romelic gviyveba samyaros, arsebobis Seqmnas, anu, saerTod qmnadobis 

dasawyiss. 

cnobierebis kvalze siarulisas Cven vnaxeT, rom nebismieri ambavi, 

SemTxveva SeiZleba aRiweros sami elementiT. esenia; dro, sivrce da subieqti. 

maTi sxvadasxvanairi urTierTSesabameba gvaZlevs ambis yvela arsebul formas. 

am kuTxiT rom mivudgeT or ambavs, romlebic kosmogoniur miTSi 

aRiwera (garda sakuTriv miTisa), vnaxavT, rom isini principulad 

gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. pirvel ambavSi - arc droa gansazRvruli, arc 

sivrce, arc subieqti (anu, samive Tanabradaa gansazRvruli). ufro sworad, 

mocemulia am sayovelTao gansazRvrulobis saxeli (atmani, qaosi, araferi), 

romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs yovelives rac aris. anu, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

mocemulia yovlismomcveli, zogadi subieqti, da dro da sivrce masSi arian. 

meore ambavSi iwyeba qmnadoba. yovlismomcveli subieqti - an TviTon 

iwyebs samyaros keTebas, an qmnis e.w. "damxmareebs", romlebic Semdeg qmnian 

samyaros. am ambavSi subieqti aris erTi, romelic moqmedebs: raki Seqmna xdeba 

8

erTimeoris Semdeg, dro gansazRvrulia. sivrce ki - ganusazRvreli da 

ugulvebelyofili (raki is am ambis gadmocemisaTvis ar aris saWiro). 

pirveli nawili - struqturulad emTxveva cnobierebis esTetikiT 

dadgenil istoriul ambavs, meore - JamTaaRmwerlobas. 

rogorc vxedavT, kosmogoniur miTSi aRiwera sami ambavi; istoria, 

JamTaaRmwerloba, miTi. anu, samive is gawyoba, romelic SesaZlebelia ambad 

gaformdes. 

kosmogoniuri miTi saSualebas gvaZlevs davinaxoT cnobierebis samive 

ZiriTadi anabeWdi. is ar aris am samis ubralo konglomerati - masSi samive 

anabeWdi - cnobierebis samive formis kvali - organuladaa gaerTianebuli da 

erT kvalad warmogvidgeba. 

anu, am kvalis aRwera rom movindomoT, unda vTqvaT, rom kosmogo-niuri 

miTi aris ambavi, romelSic dro da sivrce xan gansazRvrulia, xan 

ganusazRvreli, subieqti xan zogadia, xan konkretuli, konkretuli subieqti 

ki - xan erTi, xan ramdenime. 

kosmogoniur miTs, aseTi gansazRvrebis Semdeg, romelime drois 

fenomens veRar daarqmev. is Tavis TavSi moicavs yvela drois formas. 

amitomac ver gansazRvrav (am etapze). erTaderTi swori mimarTuleba iqneba 

vnaxoT, rame xom ar Segvxvda Cvens gzaze iseTi, romelic aseT ambavs waagavs. 

aseTi Semomxvedris aRmoCenam unda migviTiTos mainc, ras niSnavs 

cnobierebisaTvis kosmogoniuri miTis arseboba. aseTi miTi xom pirveli sruli 

da yovlismomcveli msoflxedvelobaa. 

rodesac cnobierebis kvals mivyvebodiT, sruliad SemTxveviT vnaxeT 

erTi anabeWdi, romelsac ar gavyeviT, magram romelic aRvniSneT; zRapari, 

romelic Cvens garemoSi axali literaturuli fenomenis - Fantasy-s saxes 

iRebs. am fenomenis rogorc garkveuli ambis struqtura aRiwera iseve, 

rogorc axla kosmogoniuri miTi aRvwereT; masSi dro da sivrce xan 

9

gansazRvrulebi arian, xan ganusazRvrelebi, subieqtic - xan erTi 

konkretulia, xan ramdenime, xan zogadi (keTilis da borotis brZolis Tema, 

Tumca garkveuli azriT "ontologizirebuli", am literaturuli formis 

ZiriTadi mimarTulobaa). 

cnobierebis esTetikam es forma daadgina bolo gawyobad, romelSic 

mTavrdeba cnobierebis moZraoba da romelSic is Tavisi Tavis toli xdeba. 

amaze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba mivuTiTod, rom es struqtura, es forma 

aris ara marto bolo adgili, sadac midis Cveni cnobiereba, aramed misi 

pirveli "namdvili" sacxovrebeli; 

kosmogoniuri miTi aerTianebs da saerTo safuZvels uZebnis im miTebs, 

romlebic mis warmoSobamde arseboben. kosmogoniuri miTi yovelTvis 

"namdvili" miTis Semdeg iqmneba; garda imisa, rom amaze migviTiTebs debuleba 

"rac pirvelia CvenTvis (grZnobebisaTvis - g.T.), boloa bunebisaTvis" 

(aristotele), igives gveubneba faqtiuri mocemulobac; Cvens droSi arseboben 

tomebi, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT kosmogoniuri miTebi. maTTvis qmnadobis 

fenomeni ifargleba mxolod garkveuli sagnebis da arsebebis genezisis 

codniT (mag: samxreT amerikeli indielebi). 

amitom, Tavad miTis struqturaSi, mis fenomenebSi unda iyos impulsi, 

romelic ganapirobebs kosmogoniuri miTis Seqmnas. 

cnobierebis esTetikam migviTiTa, rom miTi vlindeba tradiciulobaSi 

iseve, rogorc JamTaaRmwerloba religiaSi da istoria nacionalizmSi. es 

niSnavs, rom tradicia aris miTis empiriuli arsebobis forma. anu, miTis 

drois adamiani samyaros aRiqvams tradiciul fenomenad, e.i. iseT ramed, rac 

odesRac moxda da Semdeg arsebobs rogorc gameoreba (magaliTad SeiZleba 

moviyvanoT antikur saberZneTSi arsebuli drois, rogorc maradiuli 

wrebrunvis, ukve myofis principuli gameorebis, aRqma [platonis "kritiasi"]). 

anu, Tuki "transcendenturad"' - miTSi aRwerili SemTxveva xdeba sul, 

10

"empiriulad" is xdeba gameorebiT. aseTi transformaciis mizezi ki 

empiriulobaSi unda veZeboT, - jer-jerobiT ki unda davkmayofildeT imis 

TqmiT, rom mizezi konkretuli SemTxvevis droul-sivrcobriv 

gansazRvrulobaSi mdgomareobs. 

amitomac, miTiuri msoflaRqma rom sruli iyos, mas sWirdeba droSi 

raRac adgili, saidanac miTi daiwyebs moqmedebas. amis gamo xdeba 

JamTaaRmwerluri ambis konstruireba, romelSic safuZveli udgindeba 

gatradiciebul, anu, gaempiriebul, garealurebul miTebs. amiT miTi xdeba 

"namdvili"'da erTxel da sabolood dadgenili - marTalia misi sawyisi aris 

gadatanili am samyaros arsebobamde, magram mainc odesRac - "drois" 

gansazRvrul wertilSi. 

tradiciuli msoflmxedvelobisaTvas samyaro - tradiciebis erTianobaa. 

es erTianoba mtkicdeba maTTvis saerTo safuZvlis dadgeniT. magram drosac da 

erT, konkretul subieqtsac sWirdebaT TavianTi adgili, is garemo, saidanac 

isini warmoiSvnen. imisaTvis, rom tradiciulobis principi bolomde gatardes, 

iqmneba istoriuli ambavi, romelic sxva araferia, Tu ara enobrivi gamoxatvis 

mcdeloba, romelsac unda gviTxras, rom tradiciamde, anu, tradiciis 

dasawyisamde araferi iyo. aq moqmedebs enis buneba, romlis mixedviTac 

SeuZlebelia gamoTqva ararseboba zmna "yofnis" gamo. erTaderTi enobrivi 

SemTxveva, rodesac es SesaZlebelia, aris maqsimalurad ganurCeveli da 

"wynari" garemos warmodgena, romelSic, isev da isev enis gamo, SemTxveva da 

subieqti erTni arian. 

ase unda xdebodes, albaT, kosmogoniuri miTis konstruireba. ratom 

apirobebs mis Seqmnas empiriuli fenomeni, Semdgom gveqneba laparaki. amjerad 

ki mxolod aRvniSnavT, rom, rogorc Cans, imisaTvis rom cnobierebis 

konkretuli forma sruli, anu yovlismomcveli gaxdes, saWiroa am 

formisaTvis ucxo struqturebis qmnadoba; ase - rodesac xdeba saWiro, rom 

11

miTma droc - elementi, romelic misTvis ucxoa - moicvas, eyreba safuZveli 

sxva struqturebis qmnadobas. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom amiT iwyeba drois 

dasasruli. 

tradiciuli msoflmxedveloba gveubneba; tradiciebamde araferi ar iyo, 

yvelafris safuZveli arian SemTxvevebi, romlebic miTebSi aRiwerebian. amiT es 

msoflmxedveloba Tavis yovlismomcvelobas da utyuarobas aRniSnavs. magram, 

rogorc Cans, swored am sisruliT, sistemis am yvelgangamWolobiT, drois 

principis aseTi ideolo-gizaciiT xdeba SesaZlebeli drois Semdeg principze 

gadasvla. 

es msjeloba moiTxovs Cvengan miTiur debulebas; kosmogoniuri miTi 

aris arqetipi, romelSic moicema samyaros suraTis yvela SesaZlebloba. amave 

dros, "zRaparTan" misi struqturuli analogia migviTiTebs, rom is TviTon 

aris (mTlianad) samyaros suraTis [bolo] SesaZlebloba. 

es bolo debuleba ara marto miTiuria, aramed tradiciulic. Cveni 

gzac, romelic axla iwyeba, am saintereso iZulebis gamosakvlevad enda 

mivmarTod. 

12

I nawili. axali personaJi 

I 

aTiode wlis winaT Tanamedrove Teoriul fizikaSi SemuSavda 

garkveuli orientiri, struqtura, romlis elementebis da maT Soris 

urTierTobebis dazustebas eZRvneboda es mecniereba; es iyo mecnieruli 

ööwarmodgena kosmogoniis Sesaxeb; ambobdnen, rom Tavidan araferi ar iyo. 

Semdeg am arafridan warmoiSva super-Zala, romelic gaiyo oTx ZiriTad Zala- 

urTierTqmedebad. am oTxi Zalis urTierTmoqmedebis Sedegad Camoyalibda da 

dadginda yvelaferi (pol devisi Суперсилаю. Москвасinglisuri 

gamocema 1986 wels). 

rogorc vxedavT, fizikuri kosmogonia yvelaferSi emTxveva 

kosmogoniuri miTis struqturas; garda amisa, aseTi kosmogoniis warmoSobis 

pirobebi empiriulad emTxveva kosmogoniuri miTis gaCenas; samyaros kanonebi, 

romlebsac fizika adgens, erTiandebian da saerTo safuZvels pouloben 

kosmogoniis TeoriaSi. 

rogorc cnobierebis esTetikam migviTiTa, fizika (saerTod mecnierebac) 

axal droSi, anu, istoriis principis mTavrobisasaa Seqmnili. kosmogoniis 

problema am epoqaSi aSkarad dgeba (kantis da laplasis kosmogoniebi). es ki 

niSnavs, rom istoriis principSic iseve unda iyos kosmogoniuri ambis Seqmnis 

safuZveli, rogorc es miTis droSi vnaxeT. 

istoriuli ambavi aris SemTxveva, romelic xdeba sivrcesa da droSi. 

anu, mocemulia yovlismomcveli subieqti, romelic am or parametrs Tavis 

TavSi Seicavs. es aris pirveli ambavi, romelic gvxvdeba kosmogoniur miTSi. 

aq iwyebs muSaobas empiriuli, e.i. am SemTxvevaSi nacionalisturi faqtori, 

romelic gveubneba, rom 1) es subieqti yvelaze Zvelia da 2) am subieqtisagan 

13

warmoiSva yvelaferi. anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, yovlismomcveli 

subieqti moiTxovs yovlismomcvel istorias. amitomac, es subieqti warmoSobs 

samyaros ZiriTad elementebs (II ambavi), am elementebidan ki mTeli samyaro 

warmoiSoba (III ambavi). aqac, rogorc vxedavT, kosmogoniuri ambavi drois 

principis empiriuli modusis mier iqmneba. iseve, rogorc miTis drois 

SemTxvevaSi. 

(aqve bunebrivad unda wamoiWras kiTxva JamTaaRmwerluri, anu 

religiuri drois Sesaxeb; samyaros religiur suraTSic igulisxmeba samive 

ambavi. magaliTad: I ambavi - "pirvelad iyo sityva", II ambavi - samyaros 

Seqmna da sxva Sesabamisi ambebi, RmerTis gankaceba an mociqulis gamogzavna, da 

III ambavi - cxovrebis wesi, romelic am gankacebam daadgina). 

Cven aRvwereT, rom mecniereba warmoiSoba istoriul droSi, rogorc 

sagnis genezisis kvleva. amave dros mecnierebis mowodebaa mogvces samyaros 

sruli suraTi. samyaros mecnieruli suraTi ki, lokis mier dadgenili 

arsebis mixedviT, aris samyaros genezisis codna. es niSnavs, rom mecnierebis 

miznad igulisxmeba kosmogoniuri problemis gadawyveta. es principi yvelaze 

kargad da naTlad fizikaSi vlindeba; man daiwyo samyaros kanonebis dadgeniT. 

Semdeg, rodesac es kanonebi ase Tu ise "gairkva", daiwyo fiqri am kanonebis 

warmoSobis, any, samyaros genezisis Sesaxeb. Cvens droSi kosmogoniis 

problemis realuri dayeneba, rodesac xdeba samyaros warmoSobis modelireba 

da rogorc vnaxeT, mTeli fizikis mecniereba mimarTuli iyo didi afeTqebis 

kvlevaze, - niSnavs, rom am mecnierebaSi dadga zRvruli kiTxva. anu, fizika, 

rogorc mecniereba daemTxva Tavis Tavs. kosmogoniuri problema imitomaa 

"bolo kiTxva", rom mis "iqiT" kiTxvis dasma SeuZlebelia. mecnierebisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli kiTxva (da saerTod kiTxvac) niSnavs SekiTxvas ukve myofis 

Sesaxeb. meore mxriv, es niSnavs, rom kiTxva winaswar SemosazRvravs pasuxis 

sazRvrebs. anu, mecniereba kiTxvas svams mxolod myofi (namyofi) arsebulis 

14

Sesaxeb, arsebulis Sesaxeb, romelic ukve aris. amitomac, raki fizika 

kiTxulobs arsebobis dawyebis Sesaxeb, imis iqiT, "Tu ra iyo manamde"-s 

sakvlevad is veRar wava; is aris araras sauflo, romelsac, rogorc 

haidegeri ambobs, mecniereba ugulvebelyofs da Cqmalavs ("ra aris 

metafizika?"). 

mecnierebis am mimarTulebis bedi marTlac aseTi rom SeiZleba iyos, 

gveubneba cnobierebis esTetikiT dadgenili gza - romelic aRwers cnobierebis 

mimarTulobas rogorc Tavis TavTan damTxvevisaken swrafvas (rodesac 

cnobiereba daemTxveva Tavis Tavs, rogorc mizans, misi moZraoba Sewydeba). es 

SemTxveva, rogorc vxedavT, kargad gamoixateba mis erT-erT modusSi - 

fizikis mecnierebaSi. 

kvalis sworad gansazRvraze migviTiTebs isic, rom es mecniereba xdeba 

meta-eqsperimentuli. - raki ikvlevs ara empiriul mocemulobas, 

eqsperimentebis saSualebiT, aramed kanonebis warmoSobas "mofiqrebuli" 

eqsperimentebiT, romelTa Sedegebic erTmniSvnelovnad ver amtkiceben msgavsi 

procesebis bunebaSi arsebobas. Tu am mecnierebas ganvixilavT rogorc miTis 

da ritualis erTianobas, - rituals vuwodebT eqsperiments, miTs ki kanons, 

Sedegad miviRebT, rom Cvens garemoSi orive gaxda "meta-"; meta-miTi - 

kosmogoniuri problemis "realuri" dasmiT, da meta-rituali - "Zveli", 

damkvirvebel-dasakvirveblad dayofili eqsperimentebis principuli 

cvlilebiT. 

iseve, rogorc miTidan kosmogoniuri miTis miRebisas, xolo istoriidan 

kosmogoniuri problemis gamoyvanisas, aqac dgeba, da kargad Cans ga-meta-ebis 

fenomeni. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom iseve, rogorc "zogadobebis" (miTi, 

JamTaaRmwerloba, istoria), konkretuli gamovlinebebis SemTxvevaSic, mizezi 

empiriulSi unda veZeboT. 

15

fizikis magaliTze ukve vaCveneT mecnierebis "bedi". magram aris ki es 

magaliTi yovlismomcveli? Tanamedrove filosofias, rodesac is mecnierebis 

Sesaxeb msjelobs, rogorc wesi, fizika da maTematika mohyavs ilustraciebad. 

ra Tqma unda, cnobierebaSi amas eqneba Tavisi safuZveli. magram, Cveni amocanis 

mixedviT, mecniereba yvela modusSi unda Semowmdes. 

fizika Zalian kargad emTxveva "sawyisiseuli" mecnierebis amocanebs da 

gzas. rac Seexeba sxvebs: maTgan mxolod maTematika SeiZleba amovuyenoT 

gverdiT fizikas. es mecniereba Cvens garemoSi swavlobs da ikvlevs sakuTari 

kanonebis (romlebic empiriulad marTldebian) saerTo safuZvels da cdilobs 

erTiani Senoba aagos (klaini Утрата Определенности.Москва.. amitom, 

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom maTematikac gaxda meta-, da rom isic mecnierebis 

pirvandeli miznis erTgulia. 

magram sxva mecnierebebi principulad gansxvavebul suraTs gvaZleven: 

qimiam, biologiam, humanitarulma Tu socialurma mecnierebebma TavianTi 

ganviTarebis gzaze dakarges mizani, romelsac samyaros genezisis kvleva hqvia 

(zogierTs arc hqonia es miznad - isini Semdeg warmoiSvnen, ukve 

"mizandakarguli dargebis" analogiiT). Tumca meTodi - sagnis genezisis codna 

- igive rCeba. es mecnierebebi mimarTulni arian empiriulze, realurze, 

mocemulze - ikvleven am mocemulobas da swavloben-gvaswavlian maT ukeTes 

gamoyenebas. 

"realurad" samyaros genezisis kvleva am mecnierebebis mizani arasdros 

yofila. '"istoriuli" TvaliT rom SevxedoT mecnierebas, davinaxavT, rom is 

ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT ganviTarda; lokis (sagnis genezisis codna) da 

frensis bekonis (codna Zalaa). nebismier mecnierebaSi mocemulia es orive 

mimarTuleba. magram, imis mixedviT Tu romeli maTgani mTavrobs, isazRvreba am 

mecnierebis specifika. ra Tqma unda, fizikis da maTematikis miRwevebi 

16

gamoiyeneba praqtikaSi, mgram es "gamoyeneba" ar aris is pirdapiri mizani, 

romelic am mecnierebebs amoZravebT. 

rac Seexeba, magaliTad, kibernetikas, biologias, filologias Tu 

sociologias, isini TavianTi sferos sruli dauflebisaken da gardaqmnisaken 

arian mimarTuli. ra Tqma unda, maTSic iqneba genezisis problemis miznobrivi 

dayenebis faqtebi, magram ZiriTadi gezi aris kargad gamoyeneba. 

aq ukve gamoiyo ori gza, romelic arsebobs erTmaneTis gverdiT Cveni 

drois im fenomenSi, romelic ganuyofeli da mTliani gvegona; aqamde, 

mecnierebis bunebis ganxilvisas, mxolod lokis filosofiaze gvqonda 

orientacia. aRmoCnda, rom aranaklebi mniSvneloba hqonia bekonis sityvebs. 

mecnierebis "maTematikur-fizikuri", anu "Teoriuli" gza kargad 

eTanadeba im drois specifikas, romelSic warmoiSva. magram meore 

mimarTuloba, romelsac pirobiTad SeiZleba "praqtikuli" davarqvaT, ar 

gamoiyureba rogorc mxolod istoriis drois kuTvnileba (jer-JerobiT 

mxolod formalurad). 

mecnierebis istoriaSi mecniereba warmogvidgeba, rogorc uZvelesi 

droidan mosuli fenomeni. am crurwmenis (prejudice) miTiur-kanonuri 

safuZveli cnobierebis esTetikam gviCvena. istoriuli drois faqtoris 

Carevac am warmodgenis SeqmnaSi aSkaraa. magram aris kidev erTi momenti, 

romelic mecnierebas aseT aRqmadaT aqcevs; is "faqtebi", romlebic 

"faqtiurobis" gamo empiriulni arian da "naTlad" gviyvebian "mecnierebis" 

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, anu, ra Zala hqonda mecnierebas, codnas ama-Tu-im 

epoqaSi (iqneba es sarwyavi sistemebi Tu sabrZolo manqanebi). 

rogorc vxedavT, "empiriuli" iWreba mecnierebis SefasebaSi da 

afarToebs mas, iseve, rogorc mis paradigmas - istorias, da isev mniSvnelovan 

Sedegebs iZleva. Cven ar viciT ra SeiZleba daerqvas am faqtors drois 

principebis SemTxvevaSi, an saerTod ra aris es faqtori. magram TiTqmis 

17

mivadeqiT am faqtoris saxels Tu moduss mecnierebis Sesaxeb msjelobisas. es 

aris teqnika. marTlac, is empiriuli masala, romelic "aiZulebs" mecnierebis 

istorias mecnierebis dasawyisi civilizaciis saTaveebTan gadaitanos, meore 

mxriv ki - mizniT ara-mecnieruli fenomenebi Seiyvanos mecnierebebis rigSi, 

aris teqnika da teqnikis qmnadoba. teqnika, romlis Sedegic aris dRevandeli 

garemo. 

Cveni Semdgomi nabijebis aTvla teqnikidan iwyeba. 

II 

sanam teqnikis gansazRvrebas daviwyebdeT, oriode sityva unda vTqvaT 

saerTod gansazRvrebis wesze, romelic Cvens garemoSi arsebobs; miRebulia, 

rom yoveli konkretuli sagani isazRvreba zogadis saSualebiT; anu, yoveli 

sagani CarTulia zogadSi. TviTon zogadis cnebis SemoRebis istorias rom 

gadavxedoT, saintereso suraTi warmogvidgeba; pirvelad zogadis cneba 

SemoiRes platonistebma. maT Tqves, rom zogadi aris idealuri sagani, nivTi, 

romlis konkretuli SemTxvevebi arian arsebulebi. es niSnavs, rom zogadi, am 

gagebiT, aris konkretuli sagnebis aRweriT konstruirebuli fenomeni, 

romelsac Cven yoveldRiurobaSi SevigrZnobT. zogadis es gansazRvreba 

platonis mimdevrebis xelSi darCa da ar ganviTarebula. aristotelem es 

Tvalsazrisi mkacrad gaakritika "metafizikaSi" da SemoiRo zogadis meore 

gansazRvreba; man Tqva, rom zogadi aris predikati, anu is, rac sagani ar 

aris, magram rac sagans axasiaTebs. es niSnavs, rom zogadi aris sagnis Tviseba. 

zogadis es gansazRvreba produqtiuli aRmoCnda. mas Semdeg mTeli 

logika am safuZvlidan amodis. erTi SexedviT orive gansazRvreba uwyinaria 

da arafris maniSnebeli. magram CvenTvis am cvalebadobas evropuli 

civilizaciis saTaveSi fundamenturi mniSvneloba aqvs. rodesac Cven vambobT - 

18

arsebobs cxenis idea, romlis konkretuli gamovlenaa cxeni - niSnavs, rom 

Cven vfiqrobT, rom cxens gaaCnia sakuTari, damoukidebeli arseba, da rom es 

arseba sxvadasxvanairad, srulad Tu arasrulad, gamoixateba sxvadasxva 

sagnebSi. es Sexeduleba gveubneba, rom sagnebs, konkretulobebs aqvT 

yvelafrisagan damoukidebeli arseba, mniSvneloba. 

zogadis, rogorc predikatis aristoteleseuli gansazRvreba ambobs: 

zogadobebi sxva araferia, Tu ara predikatebi. anu, zogadi aris is, riTac 

xasiaTdeba yoveli konkretuli. es niSnavs, cnobili gamoTqmis odnavi 

perifrazi rom gavakeToT: sagnebi arian TvisebaTa kompleqsebi. xolo Tviseba 

sxva araferia, Tu ara am Tvisebis gamovlena. anu, yoveli Tviseba arsebobs 

rogorc mimarTeba. aseTi midgoma gveubneba, rom arcerT arsebuls ara aqvs 

TavisTavadi mniSvneloba, aramed, yvelani arian rogorc garkveuli funqciis 

Semsruleblebi. ase - skami asrulebs skamobis funqcias, cxeni - cxenobis 

funqcias da a.S. aRsaniSnavia, rom am funqciis Sesruleba xdeba adamianis 

mimarT. anu, zogadis, rogorc predikatis gansazRvreba samyaros adamianis 

garSemo ajgufebs da aqcevs garkveuli funqciis ganmaxorcieleblad. 

es ar niSnavs, rom zogadis "pirveli" gansazRvreba saerTod miiCqmala. 

kulturis istoriaSi amis sawinaamRdego bevri magaliTis monaxva SeiZleba. 

Tundac - goeTes survili daexata "pirveli" mcenare. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, 

rom pirveli zoologiuri klasifikaciebi zogadis "platonuri" cnebis 

mixedviT mimdinareobdnen. magram logika, romelic ambobs rom is swavlobs 

swor azrovnebas, mxolod meore, aristoteliseul gansazRvrebas misdevs 

(Tumca, am "Teoriis" farglebSi savsebiT SesaZlebelia dauSva universaliebis 

zogadi arseboba. es arafers cvlis principulad. swored zogadis 

predikatulma gagebam aTqmevina Sopenhauers - platonis ideebi sinamdvileSi 

erTi adamianis idea arisoМир, как воля и представление. 

СПБс 

19

isev Sopenhauriseul garCevas rom mivmarTod, msgavsi kiTxva unda 

davsvaT; Tu Cvens samyaroSi orgvari sagnebi - bunebrivi da xelovnuri - 

arseboben, rogor aris maT mimarT zogadobebis saqme? Sopenhauerma am kiTxvas 

martivi pasuxi mouZebna - Tqva, rom xelovnur sagnebs ideebi ara aqvT. 

CvenTvis saintereso kuTxiT rom SevxedoT am situacias, Semdegi suraTi 

warmogvidgeba; adamiani qmnis sagnebs daniSnulebiT. anu, garkveuli 

funqciebisaTvis. ar arsebobs adamianis Seqmnili sagani, funqciuri Sesruleba 

mainc rom ar axasiaTebdes. gansxvavebiT maTgan, bunebrivi sagnebi 

mravalfunqciurni arian, raki maT sicocxle "axasiaTebT". 

kacobriobis istoria gveubneba, rom adamianma daiwyo cocxali samyaros 

ganadgureba da cocxali arsebebis Canacvleba Tavis mier Seqmnili funqciuri 

sagnebiT. xelovnuri sagani sxva araferi ar aris, Tu ara funqcia, romelic 

mas eniWeba. cocxali bunebis saqme sxvagvaradaa. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom jer 

kidev guSin iq "SeiZleboda" sakuTari arsebis mqone konkretulis danaxva. 

bunebis ganadgurebis raRac zRvramde misulma adamianma dainaxa, rom 

bunebis gaqroba mis gaqrobasac gulisxmobs, da daiwyo misi aRdgena. oRond, am 

SemTxvevaSi - ukve rogorc raRac funqciis mqonesi. Tuki dRevandeli 

kacobriobis erT-erTi humanuri idea ganxorcielda da aRdgenil tyeebSi 

dabrundnen cxovelebi, es iqneba ara "Zveli", cocxali buneba, aramed, ukve da 

mxolod raRac funqciis Semsrulebeli fenomeni. mecniereba, romelic dRes 

sicocxleze muSaobs - biologia - aseve cdilobs sicocxle gansazRvruli, 

garkveuli funqciis Sesrulebaze mimarTos. genetika, fiziologia - 

gardaqmnian sicocxles funqciur fenomenad. eTologiac ki - romelsac erTi 

SexedviT gamoyenebasTan araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs, da cxovelTa yofnis 

dauinteresebeli Wvretaa, miiswrafis gansazRvros cxoveli qcevis, anu 

funqciis mixedviT. Tuki am mecnierebis xelSewyobiT bunebaSi wonasworoba 

20

aRdga, da cxovelebi isev gamoCndnen, isini iqnebian ara bunebrivi arsebebi, 

aramed, "bunebaSi wonasworebis SenarCunebis" funqciis Semsruleblebi. 

sxva kuTxiT es sayovelTao gafunqciureba niSnavs, rom "zogadi" sul 

ufro da ufro konkretuli xdeba, sul ufro da ufro qreba "platonuri" 

ideebi. xdeba funqciebis ganivTeba, ris gamoc yoveli funqcia, anu predikati 

warmogvidgeba rogorc arsebuli da xelSesaxebi. yvelaferi Cvens garSemo 

iqceva funqciurad arsebulad. 

es niSnavs, rom sagani, arsebuli, yofieri iqceva funqciurad, anu, 

mxolod raRac funqciis Semsruleblad. misi arseba - raRacis keTeba xdeba. 

es niSnavs, rom yofieri 'kargavs' TavisTavad zogads, TavisTavad 

gansazRvrebas. Cvens istoriul, anu mecnierul epoqaSi es dakargva albaT ukve 

aris aRqmuli rogorc progresi, - samyaros mecnieruli suraTis Seqmnis 

gzaze. Tumca, es msoflmxedvelobis saqmea da ara filosofiis. samyaros am 

"gafunqciurebiT" paradigmuli arseboba, paradigmebis Seqmna xdeba adamianis 

uSualo saqme. adamiani ukve nivTebs aRar qmnis, aramed - funqciebs, Tvisebebs, 

mimarTebebs. 

amitomac, Cveni upirvelesi saqme unda iyos dadgena am arsebobis, 

yvelafris ganmsazRvrelad rom qceula. 

imisaTvis rom gavigoT, Tu ras niSnavs funqciuri arseboba, unda 

vnaxoT, - Cvens garemoSi ra aris iseTi, romelic Tu mTlianad ara, ZiriTadad 

mainc ganisazRvreba rogorc funqciis Sesruleba. aseTi yofna niSnavs 

mdgomareobas, rodesac fenomeni mxolod Ffunqciis Sesrulebazea mimarTuli 

da misi arseba xasiaTdeba rogorc funqcia. 

aseTi fenomeni adamians '"arsebobis dawyebis dRidan" sdevs. es aris 

teqnika. anu, is nivTebi, sagnebi, romlebsac adamiani qmnis sakuTari Sromis da 

saerTod cxovrebis gasaadvileblad. e.w. funqciur nivTebs funqciuri xasiaTi 

aqvT; Toxi da xelSubi isazRvrebian rogorc garkveuli daniSnulebis sagnebi, 

21

sxva yvelaferi - maTi forma, materia - araZiriTadia. aseve isazRvreba 

traqtori da Tofi. es niSnavs, rom teqnikuri sagnis arsebiTi gansazRvreba 

aris funqcia, romelsac is axorcielebs. (SeiZleba gviTxran, rom xelSubs 

muzeumSi sakuTari arseba aqvs - esTetikuri. magram xelSubi swored imitom 

Zevs muzeumSi, rom is istoriuli iaraRia, da ara imitom, rom gamouwrTobi 

rkinis buniki aqvs). 

magram teqnika marto nivTi ar aris da marto xelSesaxebi gamoxatva 

ara aqvs. teqnika ewodeba meTods, romlis saSualebiTac adamiani advilad da 

ukeTesad (e.i. naklebi Zalebis xarjviT) akeTebs imas, rasac am meTodis gareSe 

meti Zalebis xarjviT miaRwevda. teqnika rogorc meTodi, da teqnika rogorc 

nivTi, umetes SemTxvevaSi 'erTad arian. - yvela teqnikuri sagani moiTxovs 

meTods am sagnis amuSavebisaTvis. 

Cvens droSi teqnika TandaTan yovlismomcveli xdeba. garda imisa, rom 

Cveni garemo savsea sxvadasxva manqanebiT da teqnikuri nivTebiT, adamianis 

ubralo, yoveldRiuri moqmedebebic ki teqnicizirdeba; anu, yovel maTgans 

eZebneba Sesabamisi meTodi. Cvens droSi yvelafers aqvs Tavisi teqnika; seqss, 

dasvenebas, sunTqvas, megobrobas. es yvelaferi gveubneba, rom adamiani TandaTan 

xdeba teqnologiuri subieqti. 

teqnika mieSureba yvela funqciis Tavis TavSi mocvisaken. simarTlisagan 

Sors ar dgas ukve gacveTili fraza, rom manqana mowodebulia Secvalos 

adamiani. teqnikis kulminacia - kompiuteri - swored rom mravalfunqciuri 

manqanaa. amave dros teqnika aris - moqmedebis gamartiveba. kompiuteri orive 

moTxovnas akmayofilebs; masSi mravali funqcia damyarebulia martiv 

principze, romelic kompiuterul "tvins" udevs safuZvlad. 

TiTqosda ukve vnaxeT pasuxi kiTxvaze, Tu ra aris da rogoria 

funqciuri arseboba. magram es yvelaferi - zedapiruli, e.w. 

22

kulturologiuri daxasiaTebaa. teqnikis kvals ufro Sors unda gavyveT da 

vnaxoT, ra SemTxveva ganapirobebs aseT viTarebas. 

teqnika aris funqciuri arseboba. funqcia, romelsac teqnika asrulebs, 

aris adamianis "yofili" moqmedeba. imisaTvis rom adamianma teqnikuri fenomeni 

"Seqmnas", saWiroa "ganudges", "gauucxovdes" sakuTar moqmedebebs, gansazRvros 

isini cal-calke da misTvis saWiro aqtiobis ganivTeba", gameTodeba moaxdinos. 

es ki niSnavs, rom teqnika aris meta-, anu is, rac a-meta-ebs da rac meta-obs. 

anu, teqnika aris is, rac imeorebs adamianis moqmedebas, e.i. meta-rituali. 

rodesac '"cnobierebis esTetikaSi" adamianis moqmedeba davaxasiaTeT, 

mudmivi ganmeoradobis da principuli igiveobis gamo, rituali davarqviT. 

rituali, rogorc gameoreba, anu "Cveulebrivi" moqmedebis wesad gadaqceva 

aris meta-. adamianis moqmedebis wesi (rituali) meta- rom ar iyos, man "yovel 

wams" axali moqmedeba unda ganaxorcielos. analogiurad SeiZleba 

davaxasiaTod cxovelis arsebobac. aseTi TvalTaxedviT Cans, rom "arsebobis 

Sinaarsi", romlis bunebazec miuTiTebs ritualis cneba, aris meta-. meore 

mxriv, Tuki Cven movindomebT samyaros, universumis Sesaxeb azris Seqmnas, 

yvelaze neitraluri ganxilvac ki (Tundac imitom rom azrs vqmniT), 

dagvixatavs "Cvens adgils" rogorc sistemas, anu sistemebis erTobliobas, 

anu, cnobierebas. es sistemebi, rogorc Cveni adgilis Zebnisas vnaxeT, 

erTmaneTSia. amotomac, samyaros CvenTvis arsebobis principic SeiZleba 

avRniSnoT meta-Ti: yoveli sistema raRacis mimarT aris meta-. da Tu 

warmovidgenT sistemas, romelic ar Seicavs Tavis TavSi aranair sistemas, 

aseTi fenomeni meta- iqneba konkretuli arsebobisaTvis. 

es aRwera gviCvenebs, rom Cvens garemoSi ar aris araferi, rac meta- ar 

aris. TiTqosda, ga-meta-ebas mentaluri daZabva sWirdeba, magram, am 

daxasiaTebidan Cans, rom aseTi samuSao saWiroa diametralurad sawinaamRdego 

miznisaTvis - "wminda" moqmedebis dasanaxad. 

23

ogorc vxedavT, '"bunebrivi garemos" daxasiaTebaSi principulad 

araferi Secvlila. rogorc cnobierebis esTetikam gviTxra, aseTi arseboba 

(cxoveli-buneba) xasiaTdeba rogorc harmoniuli, anu, meta-moqmedeba - meta- 

samyaro. rac Seexeba adamianis arsebobas, am SemTxvevaSi is warmogvidgeba, 

rogorc mimarTeba meta-moqmedebas da meta-meta-samyaros Soris, romelSic 

meta-moqmedeba (rituali) miiswrafis gaxdes meta-meta-moqmedeba, anu meta- 

rituali. - imisaTvis rom gautoldes meta-meta-samyaros mdgomareobas. 

esTetikis am mxriv mimarTvam dagvanaxa, rom meta-, anu teqnika - 

yovlismomcveli da yvelgangamWolia. amjerad unda vilaparakoT am sayovelTao 

principis Sesaxeb. 

III 

rogorc vxedavT, meta aris faqtori, romelic arsebulis yvela 

modusSi vlindeba. is arc marto bunebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, da arc 

marto konkretuli adamianisaTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, yofierebas sruli 

uflebiT SeiZleba vuwodoT meta-. rac niSnavs, rom yofierebis saxeli aris 

teqnika; 

imitom, rom mxolod teqnika aris Cvens garemoSi, romelic srulad da 

"naSTis gareSe" isazRvreba rogorc ga-meta-eba. meore mxriv, teqnika hqvia 

adamianis im unars, romlis saSualebiTac is aRwevs meta-ritualis 

mdgomareobas, anu, cnobierebis Sinaarsis da formis damTxvevas. aseve, teqnika 

aris is iaraRi, romlis daxmarebiTac adamiani bunebas aqcevs teqnikurad, anu, 

garkveuli funqciis mqoned. 

(aq unda aRiniSnos, rom teqnicizireba, anu, ga-meta-eba aris, amave dros 

ga-meta-ebulisaTvis garkveuli funqciis miniWeba. yoveli ga-meta-eba xdeba 

24

aRacisaTvis, raRac mizniT. amitomac, iseve rogorc ga-meta-eba, funqciuri 

gamniSvnelovanebac yofierebis "bunebaSi" unda iyos. am safuZvelze unda 

iTqvas, rom e.w. "gamoyenebiTi midgoma",'romelic Cvens garemoSia gabatonebuli, 

yofierebis bunebidanaa gamomdinare). 

zemoT Cven davsviT SekiTxva raRac '"empiriulis " Sesaxeb, romelic 

iwvevs drois principis gatotalurebas da am gatotalurebiT - 

msoflmxedvelobrivi gamoxatulebis miRebas. Cans, rom es iyo kiTxva 

yofierebis Sesaxeb; drois yoveli principi totalurdeba meta-obiT; miTis 

principi aris pirveli meta-, romelic ki saerTod xdeba. amitomac is 

ritualidan arc gansxvavdeba. orive maTgans safuZvelad SemTxvevis maradiuli 

gameoreba udevT. amitom, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samyaro pirvelad gveZleva 

mxolod da mxolod rogorc miTi. miTis ga-meta-ebiT miiReba 

JamTaaRmwerloba. am ga-meta-ebis Sedegia tradiciuli msoflmxedveloba. magram 

raki meta- yofierebaa, is bolomde unda mihyves Tavis gzas; Semdegi, da 

principulad bolo ga-meta-eba aris istoriis forma, da sabolood - 

kosmogoniuri miTi. Semdegi dro, romelic cnobierebis esTetikam migviTiTa, 

aris JamTaaRmwerloba. drois am monakveTSic xdeba kosmogoniuri ambis sruli 

mocema,magram ise Cans, TiTqos JamTaaRmwerloba totalurdeba. am dros xdeba 

JamTaaRmwerlobis principis gamosvla scenaze (rogorc "cnobierebis 

esTetikaSi" vnaxeT, es gamosvlebi enis bunebazea damokidebuli), romlis ga- 

meta-ebiT - religiuri msoflmxedveloba miiReba. Semdeg, istoriisagan, 

romelic meta-vdeba, viRebT nacionalizms. 

rogorc vxedavT, yofiereba teqnikis, anu meta-s saSualebiT miiswrafis 

yvelaferi moicvas. tradiciuli cnebebiT rom vTqvaT, yofiereba aris ara 

"arsi", aramed "jer-arsi". anu, is aris arsi, romelic unda iyos. oRond, 

gansxvavebiT am cnebis Cveulebrivi mniSvnelobisagan, "arsi" romelic 

aucileblad iqneba. es yofiereba TandaTan msWvalavs yvelafers, da nel-nela, 

25

ukve SesamCnevad, cdilobs moicvas "cnobierebis Sinaarsi", anu, adamianis 

yoveldRiuri moqmedebac. anu, cdilobs - ga-meta-eba, romelic aq ukve 

dawyebulia, daasrulos. 

rac Seexeba cnobierebis Fformas, anu, meta-meta-samyaros, masSi ga- 

meta-eba ukve bolomdea momxdari. rogorc vTqviT, miTi aris pirveli 

mocemuloba. amitom is unda aRviqvaT ara rogorc meta (Tumca is ukve metaa), 

aramed rogorc empiriuli faqti. misi ormagi ga-meta-ebis Semdeg axali meta- 

axal formas aRar iZleva. is iqneba mxolod meta-metas gameoreba. amitomac, 

droebi arseboben mxolod rogorc yofierebis gatotalurebis da 

yovlisganmsWvalvis saSualebebi, romlebic aiZuleben adamians bolomde a-meta- 

os. 

meore mxriv, droebis arsebobis realur mizezad unda CavTvalod 

adamianis ga-meta-ebis, anu, funqciebis miniWebis unari. Tuki warmovidgenT, rom 

adamiani meta-meta-samyaros ateqnicizirebs, anu, misgan gamoyofs "moqmedebebs" 

da maT raRac (am SemTxvevaSi - msoflmxedvelobriv) funqciebs aniWebs, am 

mxriv droebis yofnac gasagebi xdeba. 

meta- adamianis arsebobis Sinaarsia. ar arsebobs arcerTi misi moqmedeba 

- cnobier Tu empiriul doneze - meta- rom ar edos safuZvlad. (anu, 

yvelaferi xorcieldeba raRac teqnikiT da ara "bunebrivad"). iseTi 

yvelasaTvis cnobili moqmedebac ki, rogoric aris cxovelis moSinaureba, 

"kacobriobis gariJraJze" unda momxdariyo ara "pirdapiri kontaqtiT", aramed, 

jer gareuli cxovelis sakralizaciiT, da Semdeg, sakralizebulis 

paginizaciiT. amas adasturebs materialur Zeglebsa Tu kulturul 

cnobierebaSi SemorCenili yvela gareuli da aseve Sinauri cxovelis 

"wmindebad"' daxasiaTeba. 

aqedanac Cans, rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, rom adamianis arsebobisaTvis 

Fformis mimniWebeli aris meta-. 

26

teqnika aris yvelgangamWoli. magram, rogorc cnobierebas esTetikam 

migviTiTa, Cvens garemoSi aris erTi fenomeni, romelic "arsobrivad" emTxveva 

teqnikas. es aris TamaSi. TamaSic, iseve rogorc teqnika, ganisazRvra rogorc 

meta-rituali. anu, teqnikis da TamaSis gansazRvrebebi funqciurad daemTxvnen 

erTmaneTs. 

is, rasac TamaSis saxeliT aRvwerdiT, amjerad gamogvecxada, rogorc 

teqnika. zemodTqmulis fonze es misaRebi xdeba. Tuki teqnika (meta-) aris 

yofierebis upirvelesi modusi Cvens garemoSi, ar unda iyos moulodneli, 

rom cocxali arseba yofnisaTvis teqnikis daxmarebiT emzadeba. rodesac Cven 

TamaSs funqciurad ganvsazRvravdiT rogorc meta-rituals, mxedvelobaSi 

gvqonda arsebobisaTvis momzadeba, ritualebis daxvewa da Semowmeba. aseTi 

"meToduri varjiSi" ki absoluturad emTxveva yofierebis im '"Sinaarss", 

romelic Cven teqnikis saSualebiT davinaxeT. 

TamaSis teqnikur Sinaarsze isic migviTiTebs, rom Tanamedrove TamaSebi 

sul ufro da ufro aSkarad xdebian teqnikurni. Cvens garemoSi ar arsebobs 

TamaSi, teqnikuri gamoxatva rom ar hqondes. arsebulTagan mxolod TamaSis 

Sesaxeb ver ityvi, rom is teqnikam ganmsWvala - ise, rogorc adamianis sxva 

moqmedebebi da buneba. TamaSi, Cveni garemos TvalTaxedviT, Tavidanve aris 

meta-fenomeni da masasadame - teqnika. am fonze ukve gasagebi xdeba TamaSis 

"bumi" Tanamedrove samyaroSi; 

Tuki teqnika Cvens droSi xdeba totaluri, anu xorcieldeba meta- 

meta-moqmedebis da meta-meta-samyaros damTxveva, rodesac teqnika xdeba 

yvelganmyofi da yvelgangamWoli, unda xdebodes yvelafris gansazRvreba ukve 

rogorc teqnikuri fenomenebis. es asecaa; Cveni arseboba, politika, ena, 

urTierTobebi, yvelaferi - TandaTan TamaSad iwodeba. 

TamaSis da teqnikis urTierToba ornairad SeiZleba warmovidginoT; 

pirveli - TamaSi aris yofierebis modusi, misi gamovlena, misi principi. 

27

magram, am SemTxvevaSi misi "funqcia" gaurkvevelia; teqnika ufro 

yovlismomcvelia da TamaSis, rogorc calke fenomenis gamoyofa ar aris 

saWiro. meore mxriv, Tu vityviT, rom TamaSi meoreulia teqnikis mimarT, arc 

es iqneba swori; amis sawinaamRdegod gangvawyobs TamaSis sawyisiseuli 

sisrule Tavis TavSi, da Tanamedrove empiriul cnobierebaSi arsebuli TamaSis 

totalurobis SegrZneba. cnobierebis esTetikis mixedviT ki, yvelafers, rac 

ki aris empiriul cnobierebaSi, aqvs safuZveli, romelic cnobierebis kvalSi 

unda inaxos. es bolo debuleba migviTiTebs SesaZlebeli ganxilvis meore 

variantze; rom TamaSi aris kidev raRac sxva, axali ucnobi, romelic jer 

kidev gasarkvevi da gamo-sakvlevia. erTi SexedviT es zedmetia; Tuki meta 

aris yofiereba, maSin TamaSi, rogorc yofnis damwyebi, savsebiT misaRebia. am 

SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba mimarTeba teqnika-TamaSi Seabruno kidec, da Tqva, rom 

teqnika aris TamaSis, yofierebis saxelis da modusis Semdgomi gamoxatva. 

magram es zemod Tqmulis gameoreba iqneba. Tuki Cven isev gavakeTebT 

"abstraqcias", da warmovidgenT, rom TamaSi aris arsebobis dawyebis TamaSi, 

rom am dros sxva araferi ar arsebobs, Tu warmovidgenT rom vuyurebT 

"pirvel" TamaSs, romelic arafris gameoreba da daxvewa ar aris, SeiZleba 

sul sxva suraTi warmogvidges, romelic saintereso kvalze dagvayenebs. 

damateba: daskvnebi filosofiuri gamocdilebisaTvis 

Cven vTqviT, rom yofiereba SesaZlebelia daxasiaTdes rogorc meta-, da 

aRvwereT misi yvelaze cxadi modusi teqnika. magram es orive miTiTeba ar 

aris damakmayofilebeli; pirveli Zalian abstraqtulia da ar gveubneba, Tu ra 

"aris"'yofiereba, meore ki - zedmetad konkretuli - amis gamo usargeblo da 

damabnevel asociaciebs iwvevs. amitomac, yofierebis am sazRvriTi aRwerisas, 

28

unda moinaxos is "Sualeduri rgoli", romelic migviTiTebs im farglebs, 

romlebSic xdeba yofierebis moazreba. iseve, rogorc cnobierebis aRwerisas 

migveTiTa. 

yofiereba aris meta-. es niSnavs, rom is aarsebulebs yvelafers, 

rogorc meta-s. anu, Tuki gvinda rame vTqvaT sagnebis "pirveladi" 

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, unda miviRoT, rom isini "iwyeben" arsebobas ara rogorc 

"sakuTrivebi" an "TavisTavadebi", aramed rogorc "meta"-ebi. amis warmodgena 

SeuZlebelia. SeuZlebelia warmoidgino jer meta-yofna da Semdeg - yofna. 

SeuZlebelia imitom, rom "saRi azri" mTeli ZalebiT ilaSqrebs aseTi 

debulebis winaamRdeg. empiriuli azrovnebisaTvis jer yovelTvis aris sagani, 

misi "damoukidebeli" arsebobiT, da mxolod Semdeg xdeba masze nebismieri 

zemoqmedeba, maT Soris - ga-meta-ebac. 

magram, Tuki yofiereba - romelic sxva araferia, Tu ara yovelive 

arsebulis yofna, "yofnis wesi" - aris meta-, sxva suraTi gvexateba. (meta-d 

yofierebis gagebas isic uSlis xels, rom yofiereba filosofiur 

gamocdilebaSi aRiqmeba rogorc sawyisi. meta-s sawyisad warmodgena ki 

SeuZlebelia). 

tradiciuli (klasikuri hegelianuri) filosofiis enaze rom 

vTargmnoT zemod Tqmuli, miviRebT, rom pirveli, gonis fenomenologiisaTvis 

aris ara yofna Tavis TavSi, aramed gaucxoebuli yofna. ufro Tanamedrove 

filosofiuri ena ki gviTargmnis, rom sakuTrivi aris yvelaze ufro 

daSorebuli yofierebidan yofierTa Soris. 

yofierebis sawyisad warmodgena ki, rogorc cnobierebis esTetikam 

migviTiTa, aris istoriuli drois Sedegi, anu, mTlianad eyrdnoba drois 

princips. 

magram, warmodgenisaTvis Tu ara, kargad gaazrebisaTvis mainc, saWiroa 

bolomde mivyveT meta-s; 

29

meta aris, sayovelTaod miRebuli azris Tanaxmad, iqiT, miRma. es iseTi 

miRma gasvlaa, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs imasac, ris miRmadac gadixar; 

meta-fizika aris iseTi meta, romelic Tavis TavSi fizikasac moicavs, rogorc 

metafizikidan gamomdinares. meta-mecniereba, romelsac bevrni filosofias 

uwodeben, aris moZRvreba, romelic moicavs mecnierebas, rogorc meta- 

mecnierebidan gamomdinares. ase rom, meta-, upirveles yovlisa, rogorc es 

Sesabamisi sityvebidanac Cans, mimarTulia imaze, risi ga-meta-ebac xdeba. es 

mimarTeba axdens gasa-meta-ebeli obieqtis dafiqsirebas da gamoyofas. Tuki 

meta-s aseT gansazRvrebas miviRebT, ufleba gveZleva vTqvaT, rom nebismieri 

gansazRvreba aris meta- im sagnis mimarT, risi gansazRvrebac xdeba. anu, 

debuleba - "adamiani aris iaraRis mkeTebeli cxoveli"' - aris meta- adamianis 

mimarT. amitomac, nebismier gansazRvrebaSi mniSvnelovani da "mTavari" aris ara 

is, rom yoveli gansazRvreba SemosazRvravs gansasazRvrs, aramed is, rom 

yoveli gavsazRvreba aris meta Tavisi gansasazRvris mimarT, anu, yoveli 

gansazRvreba aZlevs gansasazRvrs mniSvnelobas. mxolod amis "Semdeg" 

isazRvreba mniSvneloba sakuTari sazRvrebiT da emijneba sxva mniSvnelobebs 

(Bedeutung da ara Geltung). 

am safuZvelze ukve SegviZlia vTqvaT, Tu ra aris meta; mniSvneloba. 

anu, yofiereba aris mniSvneloba (mniSvnelobis miniWeba). yofna sxva araferia, 

Tu ara mniSvneloba. yofierebaze aseTi miTiTebiT ixsneba zRvari, romelic 

sakmaod Semawuxebeli iyo filosofiisaTvis; zRvari SesaZlebel, namdvil da 

sxva "aTasnair" arsebobas Soris. aseTi mimarTeba gveubneba, rom arsebobs is, 

rasac aqvs mniSvneloba (meaning, Bedeutung). anu, yofiereba aris mxolod iq, 

sadac SeiZleba raime mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb vilaparakoT. 

am msjelobis pasuxad SeiZleba gviTxran, rom amdeni sirTule ar iyo 

saWiro amis saTqmelad. magram, erTis mxriv, yofiereba, rogorc haidegerma 

sTqva, yoveldRiuri Semomxvedria da amitom SeumCneveli, meore mxriv ki, 

30

yofierebis, rogorc mniSvnelobis gasaazreblad saWiroa yovelive zemoT 

Tqmuli - SecdomiT rom ar moxdes misi gaigiveba garkveulobasTan. 

yofierebis es aRwera gveubneba, rom ukiduresi sazRvari, sanamdec 

midis yofierebis miTiTeba, aris mniSvnelobis miniWeba. filosofiaSi arsebuli 

yvelaze sruli gansazRvrebebic igives gveubnebian; hegelis filosofia, 

romelic arsebobas gansazRvravs rogorc TavisTvis da sxvisTvis yofnis 

erTianobas, sxva araferia, Tu ara mniSvnelobis gansazRvreba, romelic aris 

Tavis TavSi da amave dros sxvisTvis - rogorc sazRvari. haidegeris 

filosofia, romelic eZebs yofierebis gamoxatvis saSualebebs '"yofierebas", 

"yofierebis"' da "SemTxvevis" gamoyenebiT, sxva araferia, Tu ara cda "zusti" 

Tqmisa, rom arsebuli arsebobs mxolod rogorc mniSvneloba, romelic mas 

SemTxvevaSi eZleva. 

amitomac, rodesac vambobT, rom samyaro SeiZleba ganixilos, rogorc 

meta-ebis rigi, mijra, es sxva araferia, Tu ara Tqma imisa, rom samyaro aris 

mniSvnelobebis erToba. rodesac vambobT, rom adamiani samyaros aRiqvams jer 

rogorc meta-s (mag. rogorc sakralurs), da Semdeg "iSinaurebs" mas, 

igulisxmeba, rom adamianisaTvis "pirveli" Semomxvedri yovelTvis meta-a, da 

Semdeg, am Semomxvedris Semdgomi ga-meta-ebiT xdeba misi daaxloeba adamianTan 

da TiTqosda meta-sgan dacla. anu, es niSnavs, rom adamiani axorcielebs 

mniSvnelobis dakargvas da Semdeg, ukve teqnikis saSualebiT, mis kvlav 

miniWebas. 

kvlav istoriuli cnobierebis farglebSi rom davbrundeT, unda vTqvaT, 

rom adamianis da garemos "pirveli" gawyoba aris adamianis urTierToba 

yofierebasTan, anu, mniSvnelobasTan. "gaTavisebis", anu "SeTvisebis" saSualebiT, 

adamiani TandaTan ukargavs samyaros mniSvnelobas, anu, yofierebas, rac masve, - 

raki yofierebis ganadgureba xdeba - katastrofiT emuqreba. es muqara kargad 

gamoixateba, Tundac ekologiuri katastrofebis SesaZleblobiT. Semdeg 

31

adamiani kvlav iwyebs garemosaTvis mniSvnelobebis miniWebas, da amiT - 

yofierebas abrunebs sakuTar garemoSi. e.i. yofiereba, anu mniSvnelobis 

miniWeba ormxriv moqmedebs: erTo mxriv, swored misi saSualebiT xdeba 

mniSvnelobis gagdeba garemodan - teqnikis daxmarebiT, rodesac yvelaferi, 

rac teqnika ar aris, xdeba umniSvnelo. meore mxriv, teqnikis daxmarebiT 

xdeba kvlav ga-mniSvnelobeba. anu, yofiereba Tavisi modusis saSualebiT ori 

gziT moqmedebs da es ori gza Tavs iyris adamianSi: erTi mxriv adamiani xdeba 

teqnologiuri subieqti, xolo meore mxriv, garemo xdeba teqnikis Sedegi, anu 

funqciurad arsebuli. Tanac, adamianis mimarT funqciuri. amiT yofiereba 

emTxveva Tavis Tavs rogorc mniSvneloba.MmTeli samyaro aqeTken miiswrafis. 

iseve, rogorc cnobierebis gza, yofierebis gzac mTavrdeba. 

yofierebis aseT aRweras kidev erT mniSvnelovan Sedegamde mivyevarT: 

rodesac cnobierebis esTetikaSi vcadeT samyaros sazRvriTi daxasiaTebis 

mocema, is aRiwera rogorc cnobiereba. exlac, rodesac yofiereba aRvwereT 

sazRvriTad, aRmoCnda, rom is xasiaTdeba rogorc mniSvneloba. anu, Tuki 

cnobiereba aris sistema, sistema ki xasiaTdeba meta-ebis "mibjriT", es niSnavs, 

rom samyaro, rogorc cnobiereba "arsebobs" mniSvnelobebis ZaliT. anu, is, 

rac saSualebas aZlevs samyaros iyos, arian is mniSvnelobebi, romelTa 

kavSiriTac xdeba samyaros, rogorc cnobierebis mocema. 

amis "iqiT" is cnobiereba, romelSic Cven vcxovrobT da romlis 

farglebSic vazrovnebT, ver unda wavides. 

rogor iqneba am SemTxvevaSi cnobierebis formebis saqme; rogorc 

vnaxeT, maTSi meta-s mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. 

yofierebis ukve Catarebuli aRweridan rom amovideT, vnaxavT, rom Cvens 

mier SemCneuli gawyoba am mxrivac ar irRveva; zemod vTqviT, rom yoveli 

forma meta-vdeba kosmogoniur ambavSi. anu, cnobierebis konkretuli forma 

mniSvnelobas kargavs ga-meta-ebiT. anu; miTiuri forma aris pirveli 

32

mocemuloba - meta ga-meta-ebis gareSe. Semdegi meta, rogorc aRvniSneT, 

ukargavs mas mniSvnelobas da aqcevs sakuTrivad, Cveulad da Sinaurad (Cven 

vTqviT, rom meta [yofiereba], aris mniSvnelobis miniWeba. cnobierebis 

formebis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac vambobT, rom ga-meta-ebiT xdeba mniSvnelobis 

dakargva, es gawyoba Semdegnairad gamoiyureba; yofieri "ukve" aris meta-, 

rodesac adamiani mis ga-meta-ebas axdens. pirveli mocemuloba, rogorc ukve 

aRvniSneT, aris meta [miTiuri forma], romelic Semdgomi ga-meta-ebiT kargavs 

mniSvnelobas. anu, am SemTxvevaSi meta-moqmedeba xdeba ara raRac 

"gaurkvevlobis", aramed meta-s 'mimarT; am moqmedebisas mniSvneloba eniWeba 

meta-s [meta-meta-s gziT], da am ukanasknelis mier miniWebuli mniSvneloba 

uqmdeba. uqmdeba imitom, rom pirveli ga-meta-ebiT [kosmogoniur ambavSi] meta-s 

mniSvneloba xdeba mTavari, anu, meta iZens mniSvnelobas. es gawyoba ki 

migviTiTebs im "momentze", rodesac meta xdeba adamianuri munyofierebis 

damaxasiaTebeli - ukve TviTon adamianisaTvis). aqedan ukve gasagebia, Tu ratom 

xdeba kosmogoniuri miTis warmoSobasTan erTad arsebuli formis gauqmeba; is 

uqmdeba rogorc mniSvneloba dakarguli da rogorc mo-Sinaurebuli. 

bunebrivia, rom amis Semdeg mniSvneloba ukve Semdeg ambavs aqvs miniWebuli. 

Semdeg, am ambis mo-SinaurebiT momdevno, istoriuli ambavi gamodis asparezze, 

sadac igive SemTxveva meordeba. 

aq kidev erTi momenti gaxda gasagebi: gauqmeba, anu mniSvnelobisagan 

dacla, anu yofierebis mo-Sinaureba, saWiro yofila yofierebisaTvis Tavisi 

miznis Sesasruleblad, - upirveles yovlisa, cnobierebis mosacvelad. 

TviTon kosmogoniuri miTis warmoSobis safuZveli unda iyos, isev da 

isev, ormagi ga-meta-eba. e.i. meta-s, anu mniSvnelobis miniWebis bolomde 

gatareba; Tuki miTi aRiqmeba, rogorc pirveli mocemuloba, amas mosdevs misi 

pirveli, da Semdeg, meore ga-meta-eba. iseve, rogorc adamianis da garemos 

damokidebulebaSi, aqac ori meta moqmedebs, Tumca, es moqmedeba "xdeba" 

33

pirveli mocemulobis mimarT, romelic, rogorc vTqviT, aris meta. magram, 

rogorc aRvniSneT, es meta ar aris ga-metaebuli: adamiani garemos aRiqvams 

jer rogorc meta-s, Semdeg rogorc Sinaurs, ara-meta-s da umniSvnelos, da 

Semdeg, kvlav rogorc meta-s. kosmogoniuri miTis SemTxvevaSic ori meta-s 

principi moqmedebs, romelic gveubneba, rom namdvili meta, anu ga-meta-eba, 

mxolod ori SeiZleba iyos. imaT iqiT - mxolod gameorebaa SesaZlebeli. 

amrigad, bolo kosmogoniuri ambis Seqmnis dros istoriuli forma 

kargavs mniSvnelobas. magram, arc darCenili ori formis mier xdeba 

mniSvnelobebis SeZena; isini ukve yofiereba dakarguli formebi arian. es 

niSnavs, rom samive es forma xdeba mo-Sinaurebuli da yofierebas yofnis 

saSualebiT eZleva maTi ga-meta-ebis SesaZlebloba. rasac warmatebiT asrulebs 

teqnikis, yofierebis modusis saSualebiT. 

rodesac vambobT, rom forma mniSvnelobas kargavs, vgulisxmobT, rom 

is xdeba mo-Sina-urebuli, anu, sagrZnobi, grZnobadi, gverdiT myofi da 

TavisTavad cxadi. aseTi mdgomareoba SeiZleba paradoqsuladac mogveCvenos, 

magram, rogorc Cans, cnobierebis forma maSin xdeba msoflmxedveloba, 

rodesac is mniSvnelobas kargavs. anu, eqsistencialisturi filosofiis 

sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, cnobierebis forma xdeba man-uri moSinaurebis Semdeg. 

Cvens droSi, rodesac cnobierebis yvela forma ukve mniSvneloba 

dakargulia, sakiTxavia, Tu ra iZleva saSualebas es moSinaureba kvlav meta-d 

iqces da kvlav SeiZinos mniSvneloba. erTi mxriv, rogorc vTqviT, es aris 

teqnika. teqnika, rogorc misi aRwerisas vnaxeT, a-meta-ebs, magram es ga-meta- 

eba xdeba, SeiZleba iTqvas, ara cnobierebis formis, aramed misi Sinaarsis 

doneze. es niSnavs, rom teqnikis saSualebiT cnobierebis Sinaarsic sabolood 

erTveba yofierebis gagebaSi. anu, yofierebis es gageba ase xdeba 

yovlismomcveli. amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, Tanamedrove cnobiereba garkveuli 

azriT Seqceuli, amotrialebulia; cnobierebis formebi arian grZnobadni da 

34

sagrZnobni. teqnika, ra ucnauric ar unda iyos, orientiri (rogorc 

yofierebis gagebis misaRwevi bolo instancia). es xdeba imis gamo, rom meta-Si 

mosaqcevi mxolod adamianis yoveldRiuri moqmedebaRaa. mxolod is aris 

"darCenili" meta-s absolutizaciis gareSe. es moqmedeba ki xorcieldeba da 

TandaTan - adamianis aqtiobis yvela sferos ipyrobs ormagi meta (meta-meta). 

Cvens droSi, rodesac cnobierebis yvela forma moSinaurebulia, 

realurad SeuZlebeli xdeba "man"-s Tavi daaRwio. "wina" droebSi es 

SesaZlebeli iyo drois momdevno formisadmi Tavis mikuTvnebiT da amotom 

"progresulad" yofniT. magram dRes (an xval) es ukve SeuZlebelia; erT 

jgufs, romlis "man"-sac (cnobierebis mniSvneloba dakargul formas) 

warmoadgens istoria, SeiZleba sxva jgufi daupirispirdes JamTaaRmwerlobiT, 

sxva kidev - miTiT. cnobierebis am etapze mTavrdeba samyaros axali aRweris 

mocemis SesaZlebloba. amitom, yovel "man"-ur jgufs meore jgufis mimarT 

SeuZlia "progresulad" warmoidginos Tavi. es Yyvelaferi ki aris im 

moqmedebis foni, romelsac pirdapir da ganurCevlad mivyevarT yofierebis 

(cnobierebis) Tavis TavTan damTxvevisaken. es aqtioba aris teqnika; Tu is 

SeiZleba miesadagos nebismier formas (rasac istoria gvidasturebs), aseve is 

SeiZleba iyos erTad ramdenime formis "Sinaarsi". cnobierebis formebis aseTi 

moSinaureba gveubneba, rom Cvens droSi, dRes, ukve aRar arsebobs "ara-man- 

uri" yofna. yvelaferi, rac "adre" iTvleboda garRvevad, gaswrebad da 

gabedulebad, dRes sagrZnobi da Cveuli gaxda. 

unda iTqvas, rom yofierebis im gagebam, romelSic Cven vcxovrobT, da 

romelSic "daviwyeT" cxovreba, Tavis Tavi amowura. "win" moZraoba am gagebaSi 

SeuZlebeli xdeba. es yofiereba Tavis Tavs asrulebs Cvens droSi. cnobierebis 

axali formis Seqmna ukve aRar SeiZleba moxdes. - kosmogoniur miTSi 

mocemuli SesaZleblobebi amoiwura. mniSvneloba dakarguli formebi ki 

35

usasrulod SeiZleba arsebobdnen. maTi gaqroba damokidebulia mxolod da 

mxolod maTi matareblebis - Cveni, adamianebis - yofna-aryofnaze. 

SeiZleba gviTxran, rom Tu arsebobs yofierebis erTi gageba, maSin 

meorec SeiZleba arsebobdes. magram, cnobili metafizikuri msjelobis 

mixedviT, erTis arseboba ar niSnavs oris arsebobas, oris arseboba ki - 

aucileblobiT gulisxmobs mravals. 

yofierebis Tavis TavTan damTxvevis epoqaSi adamiani saintereso 

movlenis winaSe aRmoCndeba; gadasvla, yofierebis axal gagebaze, ise, rogorc 

cnobierebis erTi formidan meoreSi xdeboda moZraoba, ar SeiZleba moxdes. 

anu, Tuki cotaoden metafizikurobas SemovuSvebT msjelobaSi, unda vTqvaT, 

rom samyaros, yofierebis kanonebi ar gulisxmoben yofierebis erTi gagebis 

meore gagebiT Secvlas. ar gulisxmoben swored im sisrulis da 

yovlismomcvelobis gamo, romlebTanac xSirad gvqonda Sexeba msjelobisas; 

yofiereba, anu, misi arsebuli gageba imdenad zogadia, da amave dros, 

konkretuli, rom masSi, rogorc "obieqtur" mocemulobaSi ar SeiZleba "axali 

gagebis" danaxva. anu, gadasvla ver ganxorcieldeba ise, rogorc xdeboda 

cnobierebis erTi formis meoreTi Secvla, anu, garkveuli azriT, "TavisTavad". 

aseTi gadasvla aucileblobiT moiTxovs "naxtoms". naxtomisaTvis ki 

saWiroa akvris wertili. aseTi wertili yofierebis arsebul gagebaSi unda 

moinaxos. SesaZlebelia es fenomeni absoluturad am gagebis kuTvnileba iyos. 

magram, "raRacis", Tundac iluziis gamo, SeiZleba gamodges Cveni miznisaTvis. 

zemod vTqviT, rom aseTi wertili SeiZleba iyos TamaSi. 

magram, sanam uSualod TamaSis ganxilvaze gadavidodeT, erTi, Cvens mier 

ukve SemCneuli fenomeni unda gavixsenoT. es aris zRapari. vnaxeT, ron 

zRapris struqtura emTxveva kosmogoniuri miTis struqturas. am faqtma 

SeiZleba migviTiTos, rom zRapari da kosmogoniuri miTi erT dros 

warmoiSvnen, rogorc cnobierebis mniSvneloba dakarguli formis gamoxatvebi. 

36

magram, Tu zRapari kosmogoniuri miTia arsobrivad, ra saWiroa misi arseboba? 

yofierebis principis, gagebis mixedviT, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT, 

gamoixateba funqciur arsebobaSi, ori erTfunqciani fenomenis (arsebis) 

arseboba dauSvebelia. es principi yvelaze kargad logikaSi, yofierebis am 

gagebis srul manifestaciaSi, gamoixata okamis samarTeblis saSualebiT; ar 

gaakeTo metiT is, risi gakeTebac naklebiTaa SesaZlebeli. 

maSasadame, zRapars raRac sxva daxasiaTebac unda hqondes. 

zRapari, raki masSi samive forma "ukve" mocemulia, gvelaparakeba 

mTlianad samyaros Sesaxeb. Tanac es samive forma masSi - mniSvneloba 

dakargulia. 

(sanam am msjelobas gavagrZelebdeT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom aqac, iseve 

rogorc TamaSi-teqnikis SemTxvevaSi, xdeba funqciuri gansazRvrebis, anu, 

formaluri daxasiaTebis dublireba; TamaSi da teqnika, rogorc vnaxeT, 

erTnairad aRiwera. aseve erTnairad aRiwereba kosmogoniuri ambavi da zRapari. 

amiT ukve raRacnairad gamoixata is kavSiri zRaparsa da TamaSs Soris, 

romlis arsebobasac aqamde mxolod intuiciis doneze aRvniSnavdiT). 

Cven mxolod formalur, struqturul doneze ganvixileT 

kosmogoniuri ambavi da zRapari. magram ar dagvifiqsirebia yvelaze ufro 

sagrZnobi, anu, empiriuli gansxvaveba maT Soris; es gansxvaveba mokled 

SeiZleba ase gamoixatos; kosmogoniuri ambavi aris samyaros namdvili suraTi, 

zRapari aris gamonagoni, gasarTobi, aranamdvili SemTxvevebis aRwera. es 

debuleba ar aris RirebulebiTi midgomis Sedegi. aseTi midgoma mTlianad am 

ori ambis Sinaarsobrivi, anu, lite-raturuli aRnagobidan gamomdinareobs; 

amis gaTvalsaCinoebisaTvis sakmarisia kosmogoniuri ambis dasawyisis 

"pirvelad iyo" da zRapris dasawyisis "iyo da ara iyo ra"-s Sedareba. 

kosmogoniuri ambavi gveubneba, rom, rasac is mogviTxrobs, iyo da aris, 

exlac xorcieldeba Cvens gverdiT. zRapari gveubneba, rom mis mier 

37

monaTxrobi Tan iyo (aris), da Tan ar iyo (ar aris). es SeiZleba mniSvneloba 

dakargulobis gamoxatvadac CavTvaloT; rogorc vnaxeT, zRaparSi 

cnobierebis mniSvneloba dakarguli formebia mocemuli. es unda niSnavdes, 

rom iseve rogorc kosmogoniuri ambavi, zRaparic grZnobadis, konkretulad 

arsebulis Sesaxeb gviambobs. magram zRaparSi mniSvneloba dakarguloba, 

dasawyisis gamo, sxvanair SesaZlebel yofnaze miuTiTebs. es niSnavs, rom Tu 

kosmogoniuri ambavi iwyeba im yofniT, romlis formebsac is warmogvidgens 

(iyo), zRapari iwyeba yofierebis sxva principiT, romelsac Cvens garemoSi ver 

vxedavT da verc vgrZnobT (iyo da ara iyo ra). aseT fonze yofierebis 

mniSvneloba dakarguli formebi gvevlinebian ara rogorc grZnobadi, 

msoflmxedvelobrivi fenomenebi, aramed rogorc e.w. paraleluri samyaros 

aRwera, romelSic SeiZleba Cvenc aRmovCndeT. anu, zRapari gviyveba sxva 

samyaros Sesaxeb, romelic yofierebis am gagebaSi ar arsebobs, magram 

romelSic SesaZlebelia Cven viarseboT, raki masSi samyaros Cveni yvela 

grZnobadi aRqma (cnobierebis mniSvneloba dakarguli forma) monawileobs. 

yvela drois da epoqis zRapari am "funqcias"'asrulebs. amis 

gaTvalsaCinoebisaTvis Tanamedrove zRapars - fantasy-s mivmarToT; klasikuri 

fantasy (Zylansy, Farmer da sxva) iwereba rogorc yoveldRiuri samyaros 

"sivrculi" gagrZeleba. ufro sworad, Cveni garemo, samyaro aris im samyaros 

erT-erTi mcire nawili, romelsac fantasy-s ostatebi aRweren. amiT pirdapir 

migviTiTeben sxvanairi yofnis, yofierebis sxva gagebis "SesaZleblobas". 

zRapari gveubneba, rom yvela adamiani, ganurCevlad asakisa, 

mdgomareobisa, sivrcisa da droisa, SeiZleba moeqces yofierebis sxva gagebaSi. 

es ki niSnavs, rom SeiZleba gadailaxos yofierebis gagebis is wre, romelSic 

dReisdReobiT vimyofebiT; rom SeiZleba katastrofas ganveridoT, da metic, 

es ukve axal gagebazea damokidebuli, saerTod averidoT katastrofas. 

38

zRapars adamiani ismens bavSvobidan. es ar aris "SemTxveviTi". arc is 

aris ubralo istoriuli faqti, rom zRapari yalibdeba maSin, rodesac 

sabolood moicema yofierebis Cveneuli gageba kosmogoniuri miTis saxiT. 

mxolod da mxolod metaforis doneze ukve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, 

visac odesme zRapari mosmenili aqvs da visac am zRapriT gatacebuls, ucdia, 

sibneleSi Tu tyeSi, jadosnuri arseba daenaxa, misTvis yofierebis axali 

gageba ucxo ar aris. 

amitomac, yofierebis axali gageba "bunebis kanoni"'ki ar aris, romelic 

"adre Tu gvian moxdeba". is konkretuli adamianis konkretuli Zalisxmevis 

Sedegi unda iyos. 

rogorc vnaxeT, am Zalisxmevis gza zRaparze gadis. am gzis zRapruloba 

upirveles yovlisa migviTiTa faqtma, romelic funqciuri yofnis da meta- 

yofnis fonze ucnaurad gamoCnda; ori fenomenis funqciuri igiveoba. 

yofierebis "kanonis" mixedviT ase ar unda momxdariyo. amitomac, savaraudo 

iyo erT-erT fenomens sxva daniSnuleba hqonoda, Sesabamisad, sxva arsobrivi 

daxasiaTebac. es ori fenomeni arian kosmologiuri miTi da zRapari. maTi 

funqciuri igiveobis dafiqsirebiT SesaZlebeli aRmoCnda gvevarauda zRapris 

"namdvili" arseba. ratom da rogor xdeba am arsebis Seqmna-dadgena, isev enis 

ganxilvam unda gvipasuxos. 

aseTive funqciuri igiveoba dadginda teqnikasa da TamaSs Soris. maTi 

formaluri, struqturuli aRwera, iseve, rogorc kosmogoniuri miTis da 

zRapris, igiveobrivi aRmoCnda. es ki saSualebas gvaZlevs meti yuradReba 

mivapyroT TamaSs da masSi, rogorc cnobierebis Sinaarseul fenomenSi, 

vecadoT vnaxoT ganmasxvavebeli mniSvneloba, romelic iseve, rogorc zRapari, 

gadasvlis SesaZleblobas migviTiTebs. 

maSasadame, aq ori problema kidev dagvesaxa; enis da TamaSis 

mniSvnelobebis, e.i. maTi yofierebis sakiTxebi. amis gasarkvevad isev 

39

heraklites unda mivmarTod, romlis fragmentebSi es ori sityva ucnaurad 

ejaWveba erTmaneTs. 

II nawili. tragediis gagrZeleba 

I 

 

(Hippolytus 

"Refutatio omnium Haeresicum" IX. 9.1.). 

"rac Seexeba heraklites, man Tqva, rom yvelaferi gayofadi aris 

ganuyofeli, warmoSobili warmouSobeli, mokvdavi ukvdavi, logosi -i, 

mama Ze, RmerTi samarTliani..." 

amave traqtatSi moipoveba heraklites cnobili 52-e fragmenti, 

romelic gveubneba, rom dro () aris - bavSvi rom TamaSobs qvebis gdebiT. 

- bavSvis sabrZanebeli" (Ref..IX.9.1). 

-is drod Targmna iseTive pirobiTia, rogorc -is sityvad. 

filologiuri tradiciiT es sityvebi an uTargmnelad gamoiyenebian, an - 

Targmans gverdiT uweren berZnul sityvas. 

zedapiruli SexedviTac ki sainteresoa am ori, erTnairi "bedis" mqone 

sityvis dakavSireba heraklites fragmentebSi. 

-is mniSvneloba CvenTvis ase-Tu-ise davadgineT "cnobierebis 

esTetikaSi"; es aris dro, periodi, ufro swored, drois principi, romelic 

safuZvlad udevs cnobierebis arsebobas da romelic hyofs mis gzas 

sxvadasxva msoflaRqmebze damokidebul monakveTebad. 

amjerad unda gavigoT, Tu ras gulisxmobda heraklite, rodesac - 

is Sesaxeb laparakobda. 

40

1(DK) fragmentSi laparakia logos-is Sesaxeb, romelsac adamianebi 

usmenen. aseve "mosasmen" logosze miuTiTeben ipolites traqtatis 

adgilebi:z 

(Hip. Ref. IX.9.3). "am logosis 

arsebobiT mudam umecarni xdebian adamianebi, sanam moismenen da rom moismenen 

merec". 

am fragmentebSi logoss Targmnian an rogorc metyvelebas Лебедев an 

rogorc azrs (Sinn - Kranz). raki teqstSi "mosmenasTan" gvaqvs saqme, 

metyvelebad Targmna ufro swori unda iyos. magram, "mosasmenis" maindamainc 

metyvelebad gageba ufro sosiuriseul cnobil dayofas unda mivaweroT, 

vidre saqmis namdvil viTarebas. 

rodesac "cnobierebis esTetikaSi" enas vixilavdiT, misi buneba aRmoCnda 

im TamaSis identuri, bavSvi rom axorcielebs 52-e fragmentSi (rodesac is 

sazRvriTi cnebebis urTierTqmedebiT qmnis droebs). amitomac, ufro swori 

iqneba, Tu logoss am SemTxvevaSi vTargmniT rogorc enas, oRond, ara 

Tanamedrove enaTmecnieruli mniSvnelobiT (romelic enas da metyvelebas hyofs 

erTmaneTisagan da istoriulad enas aniWebs upiratesobas. am SemTxvevaSi ena 

gvevlineba gramatikuli wesebis erTobliobad, romelic metyvelebisas 

dgindeba), aramed, rogorc enas, romelic metyvelebs da romelSic "yofierebaa 

moTavsebuli". 

Tuki -i da -i erTi da igivea, maSin 52-e fragmenti SeiZleba 

Semdegnairad wavikiTxoT: "ena aris - bavSvi rom TamaSobs, qvebis gdebiT..." ras 

niSnavs "qvebis gdeba" - ase Tu ise gairkva cnobierebis esTetikiT - sazRvriT 

cnebebTan analogiiT. magram ar viciT, Tu ras niSnavs gamoTqma, rom ena aris 

TamaSi. 

cnobierebis kvalze siarulisas TamaSi ganisazRvra, rogorc meta- 

rituali. magram es aris misi funqciuri da ara "arsobrivi" daxa-siaTeba. 

41

gamoirkva, rom funqciuri gansazRvrebiT TamaSi da teqnika emTxvevian 

erTmaneTs. am faqtma migviTiTa, rom SesaZlebelia TamaSi iseve iyos 

"yofierebis" axali gagebis niSani, rogorc zRapari (romelic struqturulad 

daemTxva kosmogoniur miTs). is, rom TamaSs SeiZleboda sxva gansazRvrebac 

hqonoda garda "meta-ritualisa", cnobierebis esTetikamac dagvanaxa: 

heraklites fragmentis interpretacia, anu, TamaSi heraklites mixedviT ar 

emTxveva "TamaSis fenomenologiis" Sinaarss. rogorc exla irkveva, "TamaSis 

fenomenologia" aris ara TamaSis, aramed teqnikis kvleva, romelic Tavis 

TavSi moiqcevs da faravs TamaSs. savaraudoa, rogorc "sxvas" da "ucxos" 

(iseve rogorc kosmogoniuri miTi da misi fenomenebi [mag. zusti mecnierebebi] 

zRapars umniSvnelo da araseriozul adgils uZebnian da ketaven masSi. - 

saerTod, RirebulebiTi midgoma SeiZleba aRiweros, rogorc yofierebis am 

gagebis gamovlena; RirebulebiTi midgoma SeiZleba orad davyoT: 

mniSvnelovanad da umniSvnelod Sefasebebad. raki yofiereba aris meta da 

mniSvnelobis miniWeba, is Tavisi sauflodan agdebs "ucxos"'da cdilobs u- 

mniSvnelo mniSvneloba mianiWos). 

II 

Cven davaxasiaTeT yofiereba rogorc meta-, anu, mniSvneloba da 

mniSvnelobis miniWeba. imisaTvis rom gavigoT, Tu ra aris ena, mas yofierebis 

TvaliT unda SevxedoT. albaT, mxolod ase iqneba SesaZlebeli misi "namdvili 

arsis" gageba da TamaSTan misi kavSiris gamo-kvleva. 

magram, sanam uSualod enis kvlevaze gadavidodeT, unda mi-mo-vixiloT 

is sfero, romelSic TamaSi da ena (ara-sosiuriseuli gagebiT) vlindebian da 

"xelSesaxebni" arian. es sfero aris empiriuli samyaro, rac Cveni 

gamocdilebis mixedviT, uigivdeba empiriul cnobierebas. 

42

Tuki "meta", anu, mniSvnelobis miniWeba marTlac aris yofierebis 

sazRvriTi aRwera, is empiriul cnobierebaSic unda vlindebodes. Tanac - 

totalurad. anu, rogorc yofnis "transcendentalur" doneebze, Cvens 

yoveldRiurobaSic, Cvens garemoSic unda aRmovaCinoT meta-s kvali. 

cnobilia, rom adamianis fsiqika, romelic ver axerxebs garemoSi 

wesrigis danaxvas (mag. rodesac usasrulod bevri wertilebis uwesrigo 

moZraobas uyurebs) ireva. es, da bevri sxva magaliTi, romelTa moxmobas ar 

daviwyebT, gveubneba, rom adamiani garemos uyurebs im "azriT", rom mis "ukan", 

"masSi" da mis "iqiT" aris raRac, romelic am garemos udevs safuZvlad da 

gansazRvravs mas. anu, adamiani garemos uyurebs, rogorc raRac sistemis 

Sedegs da nawils. adamianis moqmedebis yovel sferoSi SeiZleba aRvweroT 

movlenebi, romlebic am "gegmiT" arseboben. 

es ganwyoba ki sxva araferia, Tu ara rwmena. rwmena aris survili Tu 

moTxovnileba, rom yvelaferSi meta- iyos danaxuli. anu, rwmena aris midgoma 

samyarosadmi, rogorc raRac meta- mqonesadmi, rogorc fenomenisadmi, romlis 

"ukan" raRac aucileblobiT dgas. 

rwmenas uamravi modusi gaaCnia - RmerTis rwmena, mecnieruli rwmena 

(romelsac wams samyaros "ukan" misi kanonebis arseboba). adamianis rwmena 

(romelic ambobs, rom yvela adamianSi, anu, "garegnobis ukan", misi qcevebis 

miuxedavad, aris raRac amaRlebuli da wminda) da mravali sxva. rwmena isea 

SeWrili Cvens cxovrebaSi, rom verc vamCnevT mis yvelgangamWolobas; mxolod 

da mxolod rwmena iZleva saSualebas adamiani miemarTos samyaros Semecnebaze. 

mxolod da mxolod rwmenazea damyarebuli adamianebs Soris normaluri 

urTierTobis SesaZlebloba da a.S. 

amrigad, rwmena aris meta-fenomeni. ukve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom empiriuli 

cnobiereba, romlis saSualebiTac adamiani erkveva da cxovrobs samyaroSi, 

aris rwmena, anu meta. 

43

maSasadame, rwmena, anu empiriuli cnobiereba aris is "pirveli" 

fenomeni, romelic "Semdeg" mTel transcendentalur "samyaros" udevs 

safuZvlad. Cven SegviZlia ar daveTanxmoT cnobil debulebas da vTqvaT, rom 

rac pirvelia grZnobisaTvis, is pirvelia yofierebisaTvis. mxolod da 

mxolod rwmeniT eniWebaT mniSvneloba arsebulebs. im rwmeniT, romlis 

mixedviTac yvela arsebuls Tavisi mniSvneloba gaaCnia. arsebulTaTvis 

mniSvnelobis MminiWeba ki qmnis im sistemas, romlis gareSec adamiani ver 

arsebobs. 

mniSvneloba ki, empiriuli cnobierebis sferoSi, rwmenis sferoSi 

niSnavs niSans. anu, rwmenas, rom am niSans ganuyoflad da ganurCevlad 

axasiaTebs es da mxolod es mniSvneloba. 

niSani sxva araferia, Tu ara arsebulis ga-meta-eba da amiT misTvis 

zusti mniSvnelobis miniWeba. es aris empiriuli cnobierebis, anu, empiriuli 

yofierebis done, romelic cnobierad arsebulTaTvis saerToa. cnobierad 

arsebulebSi marto adamiani da cxoveli ar igulisxmeba. aramed, saerTod 

buneba, romelic "mecnierul doneze" SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc niSanTa, 

anu, kodebis sistema. romelSic yovel niSans (Tuki niSnad nebismier qmedebas 

CavTvliT), garkveuli pasuxi aqvs (aq igulisxmeba, rom es qmedeba 

determinirebulia erTgvarovnad). rac Seexeba cxovels da adamians - aq es 

debuleba ufro gasagebia; yoveli niSani, rogorc konkretuli adamianisaTvis, 

aseve cxovelisaTvis, niSnavs raRacas. marTalia adamians ena axasiaTebs, magram, 

konkretuli adamianisaTvis ar arsebobs gansxvaveba niSanTa sistemas da enas 

Soris. 

magram, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom ena raRac sxvaa, niSanTa sistemasTan 

SedarebiT. yofierebis funqciuri principis mixedviT, erTi da igive arsebis 

gamosaxatavad ori sxvadasxva forma ar unda yofiliyo saWiro. anu, - Tuki 

"saWiro" iyo, rom adamians niSnebis sistemiT emoqmeda, enis "gaCena" ar 

44

moxdeboda. meore mxriv, erTaderTi, rac realurad ganasxvavebs adamians 

cxovelisagan, aris ena. 

amjerad enis gamo-kvlevisaken unda gaveSuroT. 

III 

erTi SexedviT, ena marTlac SeiZleba aRviqvaT, rogorc niSnebis 

erToblioba da enis Semadgenel niSnebs sityvebi vuwodoT. magram, Tuki kargad 

davakvirdebiT, gansxvavebiT niSnebisagan, sityvebs ara aqvT erTxel da 

samudamod dadgenili mniSvnelobebi; sityva TavisTavad, calke aRebuli, 

arafers ar gveubneba im mniSvnelobebis Sesaxeb, romelic mas axasiaTebs. 

sityva mniSvnelobas iZens mxolod da mxolod teqstSi, sadac cxadi xdeba, 

Tu ra mniSvnelobiTaa es sityva aq gamoyenebuli. es niSnavs, rom sityvas, 

gansxvavebiT niSnisagan, ara aqvs mniSvneloba. Tu am sakiTxs "istoriulad" 

SevxedavT, miviRebT, rom sityva, romelic warmoSobiT aris niSani, enaSi 

kargavs mniSvnelobas. anu, niSani, romelic aris meta-yofieri, enaSi kvlav 

meta-vdeba da mas ekargeba mniSvneloba. e.i. "amis Semdeg" sityvebs mniSvneloba 

eniWebaT mxolod da Mxolod enebSi, anu, im meta-Si, romelSic niSnebma 

mniSvnelobebi dakarges. 

es yvelaferi gveubneba, rom enaSi ukve ganxorcielebulia ormagi meta, 

anu, yofierebis gageba bolomdea miyvanili da dasrulebuli. iseve, rogorc 

kosmogoniuri miTis SemTxvevaSi, enaSi mniSvnelobebi arseboben mxolod da 

mxolod rogorc mTlianSi. Tanamedrove enaTmecniereba ambobs, rom enis 

Semadgeneli nawili aris teqsti. es marTlac asea, raki sityvis mniSvneloba 

teqstSi isazRvreba. magram, rogori teqsti SeiZleba iyos enis "atomi", Tu 

ara iseTi, romelSic "SemTxveva" sruladaa mocemuli. anu, romelSic 

45

figurirebs enis yvela ZiriTadi sazRvriTi cneba - SemTxveva, dro, sivrce, 

subieqti (ix. "cnobierebis esTetika" nawili mesame). 

rogorc vxedavT, ena yofierebiTi kvleviTac iseTive aRmoCnda, rogoric 

cnobierebis kvalze siarulis Sedegad: Tavis TavSi dasrulebuli da meta- 

bolomde ganxorcielebuli. magram msjelobis ase damTavreba iqneba enis 

Sesaxeb calmxrivi Sexedulebis dadgena. 

rodesac cnobierebis kuTxidan vixilavdiT, ena dagvexata rogorc 

damTavrebuli, gaCerebuli da Tavis TavSi myofi. magram, yofierebis, anu, meta- 

s kuTxidan xedva gveubneba, rom es ase ar aris da rom enaSi kidev arsebobs 

moqmedeba, Tanac, arsobrivi moqmedeba, romelic SeiZleba aseve meta-Ti 

aRiweros; 

ena aris ormagi meta-. es niSnavs, rom ena Tavadaa meta, rom aseTi 

TvalTaxedviT ena sxvagvarad ver daxasiaTdeba, Tu ara meta-, anu, mudmivi 

meta-oba; ena "jer" a-meta-ebs da amiT mniSvnelobas ukargavs meta-garemos. 

"Semdeg", kvlav ga-meta-ebiT sityva mniSvnelobas iZens teqstSi. unda iTqvas, 

ron enaSi meta, erTi mxriv, bolomde ganxorcielebulia, meore mxriv ki - 

marad ganxorcielebadi. 

enaSi mudam iqmneba axali sityvebi, xdeba axali niSnebis dadgena. 

Semdeg am niSnebisaTvis mniSvnelobebis "warTmeva". es axali niSnebi da 

simboloebi sxva araferia, Tu ara ukve arsebuli sityvebis gaerTianebiT 

Seqmnili fenomenebi. anu, ena, ukve arsebuli enis (enebis) safuZvelze, qmnis 

axal niSnebs, da Sesabamisad, sityvebs da teqstebs. 

erTi SexedviT, meta-oba enaSi kvlav grZeldeba. magram, am meta-obas 

yofierebis arsebuli gagebis mixedviT, ara aqvs arc "azri" da arc funqcia: 

ena ukve ga-meta-ebulia, ormagi meta masSi ganxorcielebulia, is 

dasrulebulia Tavis TavSi. SeiZleba Tqvan, rom am gziT ena ufro da ufro 

met arsebuls iqcevs Tavis TavSi da a-meta-ebs maT. magram, saqme imaSia, rom 

46

arsebuli, enis "daxmarebis" gareSec, metavdeba teqnikis saSualebiT. da Tu ena 

marTlac amas "akeTebs", yofierebis gagebis "davalebiT", aqac funqciur 

dublirebasTan gvaqvs saqme (enasa da teqnikas Soris). 

ena iRebs ukve arsebul sityvebs, adgens maTgan axal niSnebs, anu axal 

meta-samyaroebs, Semdeg mniSvnelobas ukargavs, anu auqmebs maT da ukve 

gauqmebul mraval niSanTa, anu, samyaroTa Soris aTavsebs. 

ase aRwerili moqmedeba ki sxvas arafers waagavs, Tu ara "bavSvi rom 

TamaSobs qvebis gdebiT". anu, enis es moqmedeba sxva araferia Tu ara TamaSi. 

romelsac arc funqcia aqvs da arc azri. e.i. ena, yofierebis arsebuli gagebis 

mixedviT, ufunqcio da umizno moqmedebas eweva. es ki sxva araferia, Tu ara 

TamaSi. 

rogorc vxedavT, ena da TamaSi, sruliad moulodnelad, ucnaurad 

daemTxva erTmaneTs iseT sferoSi, romelic erTi SexedviT yofierebis 

arsebuli gagebis utyuari da ucvleli sauflo iyo. maSasadame, enaSi 

SesaZlebeli aRmoCnda sxvagvarad yofnis, "sxva samyaros", "sxva gagebis" 

garemos danaxva. magram es yofna pasiuri da faruli yofnaa. aseTi buneba mas 

"Tavidanve" mosdgams. garRveva da axali gagebis mopoveba enaze ar unda iyos 

damokidebuli da misgan aucileblobiT ar unda gamomdinareobdes. Tumca, es 

"garRveva" rom warmatebiT ganxorcieldeba, amis garantad ena gvevlineba. is 

gveubneba, rom "axali" gageba iseve "mSobliurad" igrZnobs Tavs enaSi, rogorc 

"arsebuli" gageba grZnobs. enis Secvla, axali enis "gamogoneba" aRar gaxdeba 

saWiro. 

("istoriulad" rom SevxedoT enis "warmoSobas" da samyaros 

moSinaurebas, miviRebT, rom mo-Sina-ureba, anu, niSnis ga-meta-eba iwyeba enis 

Seqmnis dros. istoriulad ena didi xnis ganmavlobaSi yalibdeba, ris 

Sedegadac miiReba mniSvneloba dakarguli sityvebi, romlebic "Semdeg" enaSi 

iZenen mniSvnelobebs [Semdgomi ga-meta-ebisas]. manamde ki, SeiZleba iTqvas, 

47

pirvelyofili adamianis ena sruli ar aris da masSi jer kidev mTavroben 

niSnebi da simboloebi. adamiani "memkvidreobiT iRebs" meta-samyaros. ukve enis 

Camoyalibebis "dawyebisas" man unda aRiqvas samyaro rogorc "sakraluri". 

Semdeg, TandaTan, enis srulyofasTan erTad, romlis procesSic niSani 

mniSvnelobas kargavs, iwyeba garemos mo-Sina-ureba [romelic kvlav meta-vdeba 

teqstebis doneze. am debulebis ganaTebisaTvis SeiZleba aseTi magaliTi 

moviyvanoT; empiriuli cnobierebisaTvis, e.w. man-isaTvis samyaro, garemo, 

saidumlos da kiTxvas ar warmoadgens. am kiTxvis dasma xdeba e.w. 

inteleqtualur, anu, transcendentur, meta, mecnierul doneze, romelic ukve 

teqstis saufloa]. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom garemos mo-Sinaureba iwyeba enis 

qmnadobasTan erTad. 

erTad. 

anu, garemos moSinaureba dawyebulia pirveli metaforis gaCenasTan 

es mTeli pasaJi aris mxolod axsna istoriuli cnobierebis 

TvalsazrisiT, da ara realoba. Tumca, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, sinamdvileSic 

ase yofiliyo). 

IV 

enis aseTi gamokvleva gvixsnis, Tu ras SeiZleba niSnavdes yofierebis 

esTetikis TvalsazrisiT "pirvelad iyo sityva". sityva igive araraa, 

ararseboba, romelsac ara aqvs mniSvneloba da maSasadame, arc yofiereba 

gaaCnia. gamoTqma "pirvelad iyo sityva" aris araras yvelaze ufro kargi da 

naTeli gamoxatva. gansxvavebiT sxva kosmogoniuri ambebis dasawyisebidan, 

romlebic gveubnebian, rom "pirvelad iyo arara", an "pirvelad araferi ar 

iyo", ioanes saxareba gvesaubreba araras arsebobis wesis Sesaxeb; es iseTi 

48

"arsebobaa", romlis "iqiT" da "sxvanairad" raimes moazreba SeuZlebelia. arara 

"aris" araferi, romelsac araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs yofierebasTan, raki 

mniSvnelobisagan absoluturad daclilia, magram romelic "aucileblad" 

SeiZens mniSvnelobas da gaxdeba yofiereba. mxolod da mxolod imis gamo, rom 

is aris sityva. sityva ki - swored misi arara-obis da u-mniSvnelobis gamo 

gulisxmobs enas. 

gamoTqmiT "pirvelad iyo sityva" aridebulia "araras yofnis" Tqmis 

uazroba da amave dros, samyaros warmoSobis "kanonicaa" gamoxatuli, romlis 

mixedviTac, marTalia samyaro araradan iqmneba, magram, es Seqmna ar SeiZleba 

ar momxdariyo im araras "bunebis" gamo. 

me aq mxolod ioanes saxarebis sityvebis axsnas vcdilob esTetikis 

saSualebiT, da ar vapireb am sityvebSi Cadebuli ioanes dafaruli azri 

amovikiTxo. esTetika, romelic aris Cemi filosofiis meTodi, yovelgvari 

pirovnuli, "fsiqologiuri" azrisagan damoukideblad eZebs im kvals, im 

niSans, romelsac saZiebeli tovebs. amjerad es saZiebeli aris yofiereba. aqac 

ar unda Seiqmnas iseTi warmodgena, TiTqos me arsebobis warmoSobis 

saidumlos axsnas vcdilobde. es mecnierebis saqmea. aseTi Tamami mizniT 

Ffilosofia sakuTar Tavs uRalatebs da sasacilo gaxdeba. yofierebis kvalis 

povna niSnavs im anabeWdebis da suraTebis naxvas Cvens garemoSi, romlebic 

swored ase, da ara sxvagvarad "aiZuleben" adamians iazrovnos, swored ase, da 

ara sxvagvarad mimarTaven adamianis moqmedebas. 

amitomac, iseve rogorc cnobierebaze esTetikis mimarTvisas, Cemi 

filosofia eZebs yofierebis sazRvriT aRweras, romelic yalibdeba da 

amoikiTxeba yofierebis arsebul gagebaSi. am miznis gansaxo-rcieleblad 

"pirvelad iyo sityva"-s analizi iseTive samsaxurs giwevs, rogorc 

Tanamedrove fizikis monacemebis gaTvaliswineba da dRevandeli, lamis 

apokalifsuri cnobierebis gamovlinebebis dakvirveba. 

49

amitomac "pirvelad iyo sityva"-s Cemeuli analizi, anu, am gamoTqmis 

esTetika, ar aris Teologiis sferoSi gadavardna. filosofia iseve uaryofs 

Tavis Tavs TeologiaSi SeWriT, rogorc mecnierebaSi, rodesac am SeWras 

naturfilosofias arqmevs. 

amrigad, "pirvelad iyo sityva" gvelaparakeba im formulis Sesaxeb, 

romlis mixedviTac SeiZleba imsjelo araradan raimes warmoqmnaze "garedan 

Carevis gareSe". es mxolod da mxolod sazRvriTi aRweraa da esTetikis 

Sedegi. ase rom, Cems "axsnas" im realobasTan, romelSic am frazis dawera da 

gaazreba xdeba, araferi "saerTo" ara aqvs. 

amjerad, rodesac, albaT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ena yofierebis esTetikis 

mxrivac ganaTda, Cveni Zalebi ukve Tavad TamaSze unda mivmarTod, da vnaxoT, 

SesaZlebelia Tu ara misi ramenairi arsobrivi daxasiaTeba-moniSvna. is, rom 

yofierebis am gagebaSi misi gansazRvreba ar SeiZleba, esTetikam gviambo. 

magram, iseve rogorc zRapris SemTxvevaSi, raki ena gagvaCnia, misi moniSvna 

mainc unda iyos SesaZlebeli. 

V 

rogorc aRvniSneT, TamaSis arsobrivi moniSvna SeiZleba, Tuki 

warmovidgenT TamaSs, romelic arafers imeorebs da arafers xvewavs. anu, im 

SemTxvevaSi, Tuki vecdebiT TamaSs yofierebis arsebuli gagebis niSnebi 

movaSoroT. 

aseTi "raRacis" warmodgena ubralod ar xdeba. marTalia ena, rogorc 

yofierebis nebismieri gagebis "universaluri veli" gvexmareba am warmodgenis 

SeqmnaSi (raki misi gamoTqma da dawera SeiZleba), "realurad" aseTi moqmedeba 

SeuZlebelia; Tuki Cven warmovidgenT TamaSs, romelic arafers imeorebs da 

arc xvewavs, maSin mxolod erTi gza gvrCeba; warmovidginoT is rogorc 

50

"pirveli" TamaSi, romelic ayalibebs samyaros. pirveloba da istoriuloba ki, 

rogorc cnobierebis esTetikam gviTxra, yofierebis arsebuli gagebis 

ganuyofeli da aucilebeli fenomenia. 

magram mainc, aseTi warmodgeniTac ki, raki SesaZlebelia TamaSi meta-s 

daupirispiro, anu, Tqva, rom pirveli aris ara meta, aramed TamaSi (ris 

pasuxadac yofierebis arsebuli gageba gaocebiT migviTiTebs maT igiveobas), 

SesaZlebelia ilaparako TamaSis, rogorc axali gagebis raRacnairi miniSnebis 

Sesaxeb, Tumca namdvilad is gageba ar mogvecema. e.i. amas danamdvilebiT ver 

vityviT. 

TamaSis aseTi aRweris aucilebloba gvixsnis heraklites moqmedebis 

gegmas, romelic albaT, msgavsis warmodgenas cdilobda. Tumca, "sufTa" 

warmodgenis SeuZleblobac kargad esmoda; amaze misi fragmentebis "sibnele" 

da metaforuloba migviTiTebs. 

TamaSi, romelSic arafris daxvewa ar xdeba, ar aris teqnika da, 

maSasadame, ar aris meta. anu, is meta ar aris raRacis mimarT. isev 

herakliteseul analogias rom mivmarToT, unda vTqvaT, rom TamaSi aris 

"elementebis" sxvadasxvanairi gawyobebis mocema. maTematikurad am 

sxvadasxvanairi gawyobebis ricxvi sasruloa. magram Tuki elementebs aRviqvamT 

ara rogorc maTematikur erTeulebs (anu, ara wertilovnad), miviRebT, rom 

aseTi gawyobebis rigi usasruloa, an usasrulobasTan miaxloebuli. nebismieri 

kuTxe, gradusi, romliTac erTi elementi ganlagdeba sxvebis mimarT, ukve 

principulad axali gawyobaa, Tumca ukve na-myofidan umciresad gansxvavebuli. 

yoveli aseTi mcire gansxvaveba ukve sxvaa, da am gansxvavebebs moTamaSe 

"hipoTeturi" bavSvis Tvali kargad aRiqvams. - mas xom TamaSis garda araferi 

ainteresebs da awuxebs. 

51

TamaSis aseTi axsna gveubneba, rom "saTamaSoebis" ricxvi sasruloa. anu, 

yvela gawyoba, romelic ki moicema, erTi da igive elementebisganaa Sedgenili. 

gawyobebs Soris yvelaze ufro gansxvavebulebic ki. 

yvela es gawyoba, SeiZleba iTqvas, TavisTavadia da arafris mimarT arc 

meta-obs da arc meta-vdeba. es niSnavs, rom es gawyobebi, verc erTad da verc 

cal-calke, maT Semadgenel elementebs mniSvnelobebs ver aniWeben. radganac, 

yoveli mniSvneloba, erT gawyobaSi miniWebuli, im wamsve uqmdeba meore 

gawyobiT da a.S. magram es gauqmeba xdeba ara yofierebis Cveneuli gagebisaTvis 

Cveulad (meta-s ga-meta-ebiT), aramed, arsebuli metas mTlianad daSliT da 

axali meta-s SeqmniT. es ki ukve, yofierebis sruliad gansxvavebuli gagebis 

niSnebia.' miuxedavad imisa, rom mas Cveneuli gagebis sityvebiT aRvwer (raki 

sxva ar gamaCnia), gansxvaveba aSkarad SeimCneva. 

da bolos, raki Cven "pirveli" TamaSis warmodgena daviwyeT, bolomde 

gavyveT mas; "elementebis" gawyobis usasruloba ar niSnavs, rom gawyobebi ar 

meordebian: ar-gameorebis aucilebloba TamaSSi ar Zevs. da raki es TamaSi 

pirvelia da masSi dro (maTematikuri) ar aris, es gawyobebi unda 

mdebareobdnen erTmaneTis "gverdiT" (sivrcec ar unda figurirebdes "pirvel" 

TamaSSi) da aseve "usasrulod" unda gadadiodnen erTi meoreSi. 

heraklitem Tqva ia bavSvi rom TamaSobs 

periodSi an droSi. es urTulesi da ubnelesi metafora "sinamdvileSi" 

yvelaze kargad da cxadad gadmoscems TamaSis arsebas. 

sanam msjelobas gavagrZelebde, unda avxsna heraklites erTi fragmenti, 

romelmac didi samsaxuri gamiwia miTiTebiT, rom -i da-i erTni 

arian. zemodTqmulis Suqze es ucnauri ar unda iyos, magram heraklite (anu, 

ipolite), am frazas ucnaur CarCoSi aTavsebs: "rac Seexeba heraklites, man 

Tqva, rom yvelaferi gayofadi aris ganuyofeli, warmoSobadi warmouSobeli, 

mokvdavi ukvdavi,, mama Ze, RmerTi samarTliani..."ar unda 

52

dagvaviwydes, rom es fraza ipolites traqtatidanaa da SesaZlebelia masSi 

mniSvnelovani adgilebi gamotovebuli da Secvlili iyos. magram am fragmentis 

ZiriTadi azri "cxadia"; heraklite laparakobs "dapirispirebulTa erTianobis" 

Sesaxeb; es fraza saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi ganixileboda rogorc heraklites 

dialeqtikosobis sabuTi. logosi da -i "erTni" arian, Cven es vnaxeT. 

magram rogor SeiZleba isini erTmaneTs upirispirdebodnen; iseve rogorc 

warmoSobili warmouSobels, mokvdavi ukvdavs, mama Zes. aq mxolod erTis Tqma 

SeiZleba; am fragmentSi laparakia gamomdinareobis da safuZvlis Sesaxeb. - 

warmoSobili gamomdinareobs warmouSobelisagan, Ze mamisagan. xolo 

warmouSobeli da mama - warmoSobilis da Zis safuZvlebad gvevlinebian. aseve, 

logosidan warmoiSoba aioni. logosi aris aionis, anu yofierebis am gagebis 

safuZveli. iseve, rogorc samarTlianoba warmoiSoba RmerTisagan, da RmerTi 

aris misi safuZveli. 

es fragmenti migviTiTebs, rom -i am SemTxvevaSi unda gavigoT, 

rogorc yofierebis gageba, romelic mTavrobs, da romlis safuZvelic, 

rogorc vnaxeT, enaSi mdebareobs. 

amitomac, erTsa da imave dros, logosic da aionic aris "bavSvi rom 

TamaSobs". aioni imitom, rom masSi enis moqmedebiT iqmneba sxvadasxva droebi, 

xolo logosi (ena) imitom, rom enaSi aris yofierebis yvelanairi gagebis 

garemo da safuZveli. amitom aris is aionis Semqmneli. iseTive urTierToba 

aqvs masTan, rogorc RmerTs samarTlianobasTan. 

SesaZlebelia enaSi sxva gagebis niSnebic aRmoCndnen, romlebic Cvens 

mier SemCneulebisagan gansxvavdebian. magram, amis SeniSvna exla, rodesac dro 

(yofierebis gageba) mTavrdeba, iseve warmoudgenelia, rogorc am gagebis 

dasawyisSi, heraklites cxovrebisas. yovel SemTxvevaSi exla sxva, "mesame 

gagebis" niSnebis povna SeuZleblad meCveneba. 

53

Cvens garemoSi ganlagebuli fenomenebi TamaSi da zRapari gviTiTeben 

"yofierebis" sxvanair gagebas: zRapari gveubneba, rom SesaZlebelia sxvanair 

principze damyarebuli arseboba da rom es arseboba ar iqneba ucxo da 

miuRebeli adamianisaTvis. ar iqneba imitom, rom samyaros modelSi, romelsac 

zRapari gvixatavs, iseTive garemoa, rogoric Cvens garSemo. es utyuarad 

"gvaniSnebs", rom SesaZlebelia yofierebis sxva gagebiT cxovreba. TamaSis 

gamokvlevam ki gviCvena samyaros sxvanairi aRqmis SesaZlebloba. 

samyaros aseTnairi, "axleburi" aRqma upirispirdeba arsebul, 

empiriul, mniSvnelobadakargul "msoflmxedvelobas", romelsac safuZveli 

jer kidev platon-aristoteles dros Caeyara. am empiriul cnobierebas 

vuwodeT funqciuri da davaxasiaTeT rogorc rwmena. funqciac, iseve rogorc 

rwmena, gulisxmobs yovel saganSi garkveul mizans, daniSnulebas. SeuZlebelia 

dRevandel garemoSi warmoidgino samyaro rwmenis gareSe, magram moazreba - 

SesaZlebelia; es iqneba samyaros iseTi aRqma, romelSic mkacr funqciurobas 

adgili ar eqneba. garemos (albaT) Sexedaven ara rogorc raRac funqciis 

Semsrulebels, aramed rogorc TavisTavads (es ar niSnavs, rom yofierebis 

axali gagebis miRweviT "samoTxe" damyardeba. ararsebuli yovelTvis ufro 

momxiblavia vidre arsebuli, raki mas empiriuli fenomenebi ar gaaCnia). bevri 

iseTi fenomeni, romlis gareSec dRevandel empiriul cnobierebas Tavi ver 

warmoudgania, gaqreba (mag. bedis cneba). 

gadasasvlelad, ra ucnauric ar unda iyos, TviTon yofierebis 

arsebuli gageba emzadeba. zemodTqmulTan Seusabamod rom ar mogveCvenos, unda 

aRvniSnoT, rom es gageba emzadeba imdenad, ramdenadac damTavrebisaken 

miiswrafis. rogorc vTqviT, axali gageba aramc da aramc ar dagvxvdeba 

yofierebis arsebuli gagebis gzaze. amisaTvis mkveTri naxtomia saWiro. magram 

iseve, rogorc cnobierebis esTetikiT danaxuli katastrofis SemTxvevaSi, 

naxtomi SeiZleba "nela" ganxorcieldes, ise, rom "verc ki gavigoT". 

54

yofierebis arsebuli gageba emzadeba sakuTari dasasruliT. rogorc 

vTqviT, kompiuteri, rogorc mravalfunqciuri meta-fenomeni, am gagebis kargi 

da sruli gamoxatvaa. Tanamedrove teqnikis miRwevebi "paraleluri 

samyaroebis" TamaSebis SeqmnaSi aSkaraa. swored es "paraleluri samyaroebi" 

miscemen adamians axali gagebis miRebis saSualebas. 

ratom xdeba ase, TamaSi aucileblobiT mosdevs teqnikis -s, masSi 

imaleba, ebrZvis teqnikas, imarjvebs da sakuTar Tavs afuZnebs, Tu aseTi 

mimdevroba erT-erTi SesaZlebeli variantia usasrulod bevridan, filosofia 

pasuxs ver gascems. yofierebis arsebuli gageba pirvel variants dauWers 

mxars. momavali albaT meores. 

Tumca erTi ram cxadia; Tuki niSnebi, romlebic yofierebis esTetikis 

saSualebiT movnaxeT, marTlac momavals ekuTvnis, maSin yofierebis am gagebaSi 

yvelaze optimisturi daskvna migviRia: Tuki arsebobs ori, arsebobs mravalic. 

magram es mxolod am yofierebis daskvnaa. me ar vapireb momavali gagebis 

SesaZlebeli pasuxis konstruirebas. am gagebaSi aseTi Sroma uSedego iqneba. 

bolos gvrCeba erTi kiTxva. kiTxvis dasma filosofiisaTvis 

safrTxilo da saTuo saqmea. yoveli kiTxva filosofias aqcevs maZiebel 

fenomenad, ris gamoc filosofia imave weTs mecnierebis saxes iRebs. Cvens 

garemoSi da yofierebis gagebaSi miRebulia, rom samyaros safuZveli unda 

eZebo. ris gamoc empiriuli cnobiereba maZiebel obieqtad aqcevs yvelafers, 

rac teqstTan aris dakavSirebuli. Zieba ki niSnavs kiTxvis dasmas. kiTxvis 

dasma ki SeuZlebelia, Tu pasuxis farglebi winaswar ar gaqvs 

SemosazRvruli. es ki gveubneba, rom kiTxvis dasma SeiZleba mxolod da 

mxolod maSin, rodesac pasuxi ukve "ici", anu, Tu pasuxi igulisxmeba 

kiTxvaSi (ara aucilebeli Sedegi, aramed pasuxis SesaZleblobebi). 

araferi ar ewinaamRdegeba imas, rom filosofiac mZebnel fenomenad 

gamovacxadoT. araferi, garda misi saxelisa; filosofia - sibrZnis siyvaruli. 

55

gansxvavebiT mecnierebebisagan, filosofiis saxeli ar gveubneba rames samyaros 

Sesaxeb, anu, amocanad samyaros ar acxadebs. filosofiis "saqme", rogorc misi 

saxeli gveubneba, aris sibrZne, anu, adamianis azri samyaros Sesaxeb. magram 

esec ar gamoricxavs am '"mizanTan", rogorc saZiebelTan damokidebulebas. 

sityvaSi "filosofia" ki aris nawili, romelis am aqtiobas uspobs 

saSualebas gaxdes mecniereba da mecnieruli. es aris . rodesac 

filosofosebi am sityvas ganmartaven, Targmnian mas rogorc "swrafvas" 

(Tanamedrove samyaroSi ise kargad garkveulebic ki, rogorebic arian 

haidegeri da natorpi). swrafva ki, aris swrafva nacnobisaken, 

"SemosazRvrulisken" da gulisxmobs kiTxvis dasmis SesaZleblobas. 

gamosakvlevia, Tu ramdenad SeiZleba siyvaruls swrafva ewodos; 

yoveli swrafva aris swrafva raRacis dauflebisaken, anu, dakmayofilebisaken. 

yofierebis Cveneuli gagebis mixedviT siyvaruli isazRvreba rogorc seqsi. 

anu, am gagebis enaze siyvarulis funqcia aris seqsi (empiriul cnobierebaSic 

es ori sityva TiTqmis yovelTvis erTsa da imaves niSnavs[seqss]).siyvarulis 

seqsad gansazRvreba mTlianad Cveneuli gagebis produqtia. amis magaliTad 

froidis Sromebis moyvanac sakmarisia. amitomac aris, rom filosofosebi 

(gansakuTrebiT Tanamedrove) -s swrafvad Targmnian, mecnierebis da 

yofierebis arsebuli gagebis mixedviT. xolo filosofias - sibrZnis 

dauflebad, misken swrafvad, e.i. mecnierebad aqceven. 

sityva filosofia axali ar aris da lamis yofierebis arsebuli 

gagebis Camoyalibebis droidan gvelaparakeba. ara-mecnieruli teqstebic (mag. 

poezia) xSirad sxva datvirTvas aZleven siyvarulis fenomens. Cven ukve gvaqvs 

fenomenebis orgvari gansazRvrebis gamocdileba; erTi - funqciuri da 

mecnieruli, da meore - e.w. "arsobrivi", romelsac yofierebis sxva gagebidan 

"SemoWrili" Tu "Semoparuli" (anu momavlis niSani) SeiZleba vuwodoT. 

SesaZlebelia siyvarulic aseT niSnad mogvevlinos. 

56

poetebis da Seyvarebulebis enas rom yuri davugdoT, gavigebT, rom 

siyvaruli aris ucabedi Semoyra da ucbad sakuTari Tavis siyvarulSi 

aRmoCena. "Sepyrobili" adamiani ki yvelgan da yvelaferSi Seyvarebulis kvals, 

anabeWds xedavs. mTel garemos Seyvarebulis "gavliT" aRiqvams. Seyvarebuli 

yvelgan "grZnobs" Seyvarebulis arsebobas, anu,-Si aris. 

siyvarulis aseTi ganmarteba filosofiis mimarT saintereso fenomenze 

migviTiTebs; raki siyvaruli "Semoyradia", es albaT filosofiiT "ucbad 

dainteresebaze" gvelaparakeba. iseve, rogorc Seyvarebis dros, 

filosofosobis drosac ver daadgen amis mizezs. mizezi SeiZleba yvelaferi 

iyos, TvaliT SeumCnevelic ki. 

sibrZnis siyvaruli ki unda niSnavdes; garemos yoveli fenomenis, 

rogorc samyaros Sesaxeb azris, rogorc sibrZnis nakvalevis aRqmas. es kvali 

yvelaferSia, da amitom filosofia amouwuravi da usasruloa. iseve, rogorc 

cnobierebis (sibrZnis) kvali samyaroSi. samyaroSi, romelic Tavad aris 

sibrZne, anu kvali. amdenad filosofia SeiZleba iyos, mxolod - sibrZnis 

kvalis Zieba da aRwera. magram am gzidan yoveli gadaxveva da rwmena, rom ukve 

mTeli samyaro moculia filosofiaSi, agdebs filosofoss filosofiidan da 

mecnierad aqcevs. esec SeiZleba yofierebis am gagebis "mzakvrobad" da 

"brZolad" CavTvaloT. 

amitom aris SeuZlebeli filosofiaSi kiTxvis dasma. - kiTxvas ver 

dasvam, sanam Seyvarebuli ar xar. - ara aqvs azri, radgan SeuZlebelia icode 

rom Segiyvardeba. "merec" ver dasvam, ukve nanaxi kvalis Sesaxeb kiTxvas ara 

aqvs azri, "momaval Semomxvedrs" ki ver gamoicnob - raki mTlianad 

Seyvarebuls ar icnob da verc Seicnob, sanam giyvars. 

Tu ici ra aris sibrZne da rogor vlindeba, maSin filosofosic aRar 

xar. amitom filosofia kiTxvas ver dasvams. es SeiZleba filosofosma 

57

gaakeTos yofierebis arsebuli gagebis gavleniT. magram amiT mas sul emuqreba 

mecnierad qceva. kiTxva amis pirveli niSania. 

magram me mainc iZulebuli var kiTxva davsva. kiTxva, romlamdec Cemma 

filosofiam mimiyvana: Tuki gadasvla axal gagebaze TavisTavad ar xdeba, ra 

aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom moxdes axali gagebis miRweva? es kiTxva 

"namdvili" ar aris, da ra pasuxic ar unda gavce, mainc mimTiTebeli da 

hipoTeturi iqneba, SeiZleba mcdaric aRmoCndes. magram es simcdare am gagebaSi 

ar damtkicdeba, Semdgom gagebaSi ki am pasuxs ukve aRar eqneba mniSvneloba. 

yofierebis erTi gagebidan meoreze gadasvlis "dros" filosofias 

saxifaTo nabijebis gakeTeba uxdeba. 

58

III nawili. filosofiis axali miznebi 

I 

rogorc yofierebis mimarT esTetikis gamoyenebam migviTiTa, 

SesaZlebelia yofierebis axali gagebis arseboba. esTetikam am axali gagebis 

niSnebic gviCvena. migveTiTa isic, rom arsebuli cnobiereba, anu yofierebis 

gageba dasasrulisakenaa mimarTuli; xdeba katastrofasTan miaxloeba da 

gaCereba. magram es miaxloeba SeiZleba usasrulod gagrZeldes. es ki niSnavs, 

rom "realurad" yofierebis arsebuli gageba SeiZleba arc damTavrdes. 

rogorc cnobierebis esTetikam gviTxra, cnobierebis dasasrulis ori 

SesaZlebloba arsebobs; erTi - SeiZleba moxdes ucabedi katastrofa, da 

meore - katastrofulma cnobierebam SeiZleba usasrulod iarsebos. 

usasrulad arseboba ki gamoricxavs axali gagebis dafuZnebas. 

yofierebis is gageba, romelSic vcxovrobT, aris funqciuri 

arseboba, yofierebis meta-d daxasiaTeba, teqnikis sauflo. gageba, romelic 

cdilobs yvelaferi gaa-meta-os, anu, teqnikad da teqnikurad aqcios. es 

procesi Cvens garemoSic, dResac grZeldeba. Sinaganad, "arsobrivad", am 

moqmedebis usasrulod gagrZelebas win araferi udgas; SesaZlebelia es ga- 

meta-eba "sul xdebodes" - adamianis moqmedebebis axal-axali dayofiT (anu, 

axali moqmedebebis gamoyofiT da maTi teqnicizaciiT). 

rogorc vnaxeT, yvela is niSani, romelic momavals ekuTvnis, Cvens 

gagebaSi Tavisuflad interpretirdeba, rogorc am gagebis sakuTreba da 

Sedegi. amitomac, Tavad es niSnebi axali gagebis "dabadebas" verafriT ver 

gamoiwveven. ga-meta-ebis "usasrulod" gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi, isev iseT 

farul niSnebad darCebian, rogorebic exla arian. 

imisaTvis rom katastrofuli arseboba aviciloT Tavidan, Cveni gagebis 

eniT rom vilaparakoT, unda vTqvaT, rom yofierebis arsebuli gageba 

59

iZulebuli unda iqnes damTavrdes da axal gagebas dauTmos adgili 

(dRevandel politikur pirobebSi globaluri katastrofa albaT ar moxdeba). 

amitomac, raki yofiereba aris meta, da is yvelafers a-meta-ebs, anu, 

aniWebs da ukargavs mniSvnelobebs, unda moxdes maqsimaluri ga-meta-eba. anu, 

yofierebis arsebul gagebas ki ar unda ebrZolo, aramed piriqiT, unda ecado 

maqsimalurad yvelaferi ga-meta-vdes, "yvelaferi" moeqces arsebul gagebaSi. 

rogorc yofierebis esTetikam migviTiTa, yofierebis am gagebis mTavari 

ganmaxorcielebeli Cvens garemoSi aris teqnika. anu, teqnika miiswrafis 

yvelaferi gaa-meta-os, anu, gaxados teqnikuri. anu, daukargos yvelafers 

"TavisTavadi" mniSvneloba da mxolod funqciurad aqcios; funqciuri arseboba 

ki iseTi arsebobaa, romelsac mniSvneloba eniWeba funqciaSi, e.i. mxolod 

raRacasTan mimarTebaSi da raRacis gamo. 

mecniereba TiTqmis mTlianad teqnikuria da amitom, yvela elodeba 

misgan praqtikul Sedegebs. literatura-xelovnebasac Tavisi teqnika aqvs. sxva 

saqmea, ramdenad arian maTi funqciebi misaRebi yvelasaTvis. rac Seexeba 

adamianis konkretul cxovrebas, misi teqnikurobis Sesaxeb aRar vilaparakebT. 

vityviT mxolod, rom ukve didi xania ismis kiTxvebi saerTod cxovrebis 

azris Sesaxeb da yoveli konkretuli moqmedebis - azris, daniSnulebis 

Sesaxeb. 

erTaderTi, risi ga-teqnikurebac ar xerxdeba, Tumca mcdelobebi 

lamis yofierebis gagebis dasabamidan iwyebian, aris filosofia. filosofiis 

ganvlil gzas rom gadavxedoT, kargad davinaxavT, rom erTi idea, filosofiis 

miznis da am miznis misaRwevi meTodis Sesaxeb, ar arsebobs; filosofias 

mraval sxvadasxva meTods ugoneben da saxels arqmeven; dialeqtika, 

fenomenologia, eqsictencializmi, anTropologia da a.S. magram faqtiurad, 

yoveli gezis damsaxveli filosofosi Tavis gzas da siarulis wess irCevs. 

amitomac, erTi SexedviT Cans, rom filosofia yvelaze ufro Zlierad da 

60

didxans ewinaamRdegeba yofierebis gagebas - Tavs aridebs teqnikurad qcevas. 

marTalia, yovel filosofias aqvs meTodi, yovel or filosofias sxvadasxva 

meTodi aqvs. amitomac ar xerxdeba misi erTiani meTodis SemuSaveba. Tanac, 

rogorc wesi, filosofiis yoveli meTodi cdilobs moicvas da SeiTavsos 

yvela sxva arsebuli, iseTic ki, romelic mas ewinaamRdegeba (an uaryofiT, an 

"wina safexurad" gamocxadebiT). 

filosofiis mizanic, gansakuTrebiT kantis Semdeg, Zalian xSirad 

sxvadasxva SinaarsiT gadmoicema. filosofiis istoria, rogorc mecniereba (is 

namdvilad mecnierebaa, raki istoriaa), mowodebulia yvela filosofia 

gaaerTianos da erTi "problemis", "miznis" da "saSualebis" produqtad 

warmogvidginos. ase cdilobs filosofiis istoria filosofias teqnikis saxe 

misces. Tanac, arc is unda daviviwyoT, rom es mecniereba yofierebis Cveneuli 

gagebis bolo etapze, istoriis droSi Cndeba, maSin rodesac yofierebis gageba 

samyaroze gadamwyvati "dartymisaTvis" emzadeba - mecnierebis dafuZnebiT. 

magram, filosofiis istoriac garedan, mecnierebis mxridanaa laparaki 

filosofiis Sesaxeb, da ara TviTon filosofiis Sesaxeb laparaki. 

filosofiis ga-meta-ebis yvelaze ufro seriozuli mcdeloba, anu, 

filosofiis yofierebis gagebis sakuTrebad qcevis cda, XIX saukuneSi 

ganxorcielda pozitivistebis mier, rodesac filosofia mecnierebis 

meTodologiad gamocxadda. agreTve, misi Sedegebis "ganmazogadeblad"' da 

samyaros suraTis Semqmnelad. magram, esec iyo mecnierebis azri filosofiis 

Sesaxeb da am Zalisxmevamac didxans ver gastana. Sedegad ki, mecnierebas 

sakuTar meTodebSi daeWveba moutana. 

imisaTvis, rom yofierebis Cveneuli gageba gasruldes, saWiroa 

filosofia gaxdes teqnikuri. rogorc aRvniSneT, filosofiis yofierebis 

Cveneuli gagebis sakuTrebad gadaqcevis mcdelobebi sakmaod bevri iyo; erT- 

erTi aseTi mcdeloba, romelmac lamis moaxerxa amis gakeTeba, aris 

61

metafizika. meta-fizika, yofierebis zemoT motanili gansazRvrebis mixedviT, 

fizikas, anu, bunebas a-meta-ebs. anu, bunebas, e.i. konkretul arsebuls 

ukargavs damoukidebel mniSvnelobas. uyurebs mas, rogorc metafizikuris 

gamovlenas. anu, fizika, buneba mniSvnelobas iZens rogorc meta-fizikuri. 

esTetikis TvalsazrisiT Tu SevxedavT am fenomens da gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 

buneba, -i, ukve meta-a, metafizika gvevlineba meta-s pirvel, totalur 

ganma-xorcieleblad, da yofierebis gagebis gzis pirvel da ZiriTad miTiTebad 

- mniSvnelobis dakargvisaken da teqnikisaken. 

magram filosofiis ga-meta-eba mainc ar moxerxda, Tumca amis 

cdebi yovelTvis iyo da metafizikis yovel uaryofas filosofiis istoriaSi 

misi axali dafuZneba mosdevda. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom samyaros moSinaurebis lamis "pirveli" damwyebi 

filosofia aRmoCnda, misi bolomde ga-meta-eba TiTqosda ar xerxdeba. es ki 

unda niSnavdes, rom metafizika ar aris (an aRar aris) is gza, romliTac 

SeiZleba yofierebis gageba daasrulo. 

metafizika aris saubari imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris bunebis iqiT. 

metafizikas, rogorc wesi, mTeli samyaro erT principze dahyavs. es ki 

niSnavs, rom metafizika samyaros "aqcevs" nacnobad da Sinaurad - am erTi 

principis codniT. amitomac iyo, rom Sua saukuneebSi metafizika advilad 

gadadioda TeologiaSi da piriqiT; oriveni samyaros moSinaurebas, mis srul 

ga-meta-ebas, anu, yofierebis gagebaSi srul moqcevas eswrafodnen. 

metafizika pasuxobs kiTxvas, Tu risTvis aris samyaro. es ki ueWvelad 

funqciuri kiTxvaa. am kiTxviT cxadi xdeba, rom metafizikisaTvis samyaro ar 

aris TavisTavadi, aramed raRacisaTvis da raRacis gamo arsebuli. 

magram filosofiaSi aris raRac, ris gamoc is bolomde metafizikuri 

ar gaxda. Tumca cxadia, da amis Cvenebas mec vcdilobdi, rom yovel 

62

filosofias emuqreba metafizikad qceva. swored maSin, rodesac is 

damTavrebisaken da dasrulebisaken miiswrafis. 

amitomac, rogorc Cans, yofierebis Cveneuli gageba verasodes ver 

dasruldeba, sanam Tavis "uZveles urC Svils" ar daibrunebs. es "brZola" 

yofierebis gagebasa da filosofias Soris SeiZleba usasrulod gagrZeldes. 

maSasadame, SesaZlebelia swored es iyos yofierebis gagebis dausruleblobis 

hipoTeturi mizezi. 

amitomac, Tuki filosofia unda gaxdes yofierebis am gagebis nawili 

da amitom teqnikuri, anu meta (filosofiis meta-d qceva niSnavs -s 

moSinaurebas da mis gamoyenebas, e.i. misTvis funqciis miniWebas), saWiroa, rom 

ga-meta-ebis Semdeg man sam kiTxvas gasces pasuxi: ra aris filosofia? 

risTvis aris filosofia? ra xerxiT (teqnikiT) unda miaRwios filosofiam 

Tavis mizans? 

ra Tqma unda, samive es kiTxva tradiciulia filosofiisaTvis. 

gansakuTrebiT XIX-XX saukuneebSi. magram aqac pasuxi mistikasa da 

mecnierebis meTodologias Soris trialebda. es kiTxvebi daisva, rodesac 

filosofias kategoriulad moTxoves gaerkvia, Tu ra iyo igi. yofierebis 

Cveneul gagebaSi ki aseTi garkvevis mxolod erTi saSualeba arsebobs; 

filosofias sakuTari arseba unda gaeqro da TviTgansazRvruliyo, rogorc 

raRac funqciis mqone, da maSasadame, saWiro. bolo da yvelaze ufro 

produqtiuli gansazRvreba haidegerma SemoiRo, rodesac filosofias 

(metafizikas) dauwesa araras kvleva. magram, esec ar iyo sruli gansazRvreba. 

Tanac haidegerisaTvis filosofia imTaviTve metafizikaa da metafizikuri (“ra 

aris metafizika?”). anu, yofierebis am gagebis fenomeni. aseTi TvalTaxedviT 

filosofiis mizani aris bolomde ga-meta-fizikuroba. haidegeri cdilobda 

metafizikis bolomde ganxorcielebas. rac, misi azriT, metafizikis, 

maSasadame, yofierebis gagebis gadalaxvisaTvis gamoadgeboda. magram 

63

metafizikis gasrulebiT rom misi gadalaxva ar SeiZleba, es daamtkices 

haidegeris leqciebma (“bolosityvaoba ra aris metafizikisaTvis”) 

metafizikis Sesaxeb. 

rogorc Cans, gametafizikurobiT ar xdeba filosofiis yofierebis am 

gagebis fenomenad qceva. Tanac, rogorc exla gamoCnda, unda gaviTvaliswinoT, 

rom SeiZleba filosofiis aseTad qceva yvelaze ufro awyobdes Cveneul 

gagebas; radganac, raki metafizika ar da ver gadailaxeba (ix. haidegeris 

leqciebi), yofierebis gagebis gadalaxvac SeuZlebelia. rac yofierebis am 

gagebas, anu cnobierebas, maradiulad da usasrulod aqcevs. 

II 

yofierebis gagebis Sesaxeb saubrisas xSirad gamoiyeneba aseTi 

gamoTqmebi, rogorebicaa "dasruleba", "bolomde miyvana". magram Cven jer ar 

gagvianalizebia, Tu ras niSnavs TviTon es "bolomde miyvana", romelic 

yofierebis Cveneuli gagebis lamis yvela fenomens Tan sdevs. yvelaferi Cvens 

samyaroSi miiswrafis dasrulebisaken; mecniereba cdilobs srulad aRweros 

samyaro, anu, misi kanonebis kvleva da gadmocema bolomde miiyvanos. amboben, 

rom adamianis cxovrebas gansazRvravs misi sasruloba. amboben rom adamiani 

yalibdeba da a.S. ase gvexateba seraTi, rom Cveneul gagebaSi bolomde miyvana 

lamis ZiriTadi fenomenia. 

bolomde miyvana niSnavs dasrulebas, damTavrebas. anu, sazRvris 

dadgenas. sazRvris dadgena ki sxva araferia, Tu ara gansazRvreba. zemoT 

aRvniSneT, rom gansazRvrebaSi ZiriTadi ganmsazRvreli aris meta-, anu, 

gansazRvreba xdeba meta-s ZaliT, meta aniWebs gansasazRvrs mniSvnelobas. 

amdenad, bolomde miyvana, romelsac yofierebis am gagebaSi yvelaferi 

Seupyria, aris mimarTuloba ga-meta-ebisaken. es ga-meta-eba ki, Cvens mier 

ganvlil gzas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, sabolood gvevlineba rogorc funqciis 

64

miniWeba (rogorc vnaxeT, yofierebis gageba, anu Cveni gza warmogvidgeba, 

rogorc samyarosaTvis "Tavisufali" mniSvnelobis warTmeva da Semdeg misTvis 

funqciis miniWeba. anu, "pirveli" aris meta-, Semdeg xdeba am meta-s gauqmeba, 

e.i. mniSvnelobis warTmeva, da Semdeg - mo-Sina-ureba, anu funqciis moniWeba). 

maSasadame, bolomde miyvana aris gafunqciureba; bolomde miyvana 

"aniWebs" adamianis cxovrebas funqcias: nekrologSi amboben, Tu ra gaakeTa man. 

bolomde miyvana aZlvs funqcias mecnierul Teorias Tu literaturul 

nawarmoebs - mxolod dasrulebis Semdeg SeiZleba ilaparako maTi Sedegebis 

Sesaxeb. ukve trivialuri religiur-inteleqtualuri fraza, rom adamianis 

sicocxles azri imitom aqvs, rom is sasruloa, anu mokvdavi, gasagebi xdeba; 

adamianis sicocxle isazRvreba bolomde miyvaniT da bolomde miyvanaze 

orientaciiT. 

rogorc irkveva, yofierebis Cveneuli gageba, romelsac aqamde meta-s 

vuwodebdiT, SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc bolomde miyvana, anu, dasruleba. 

aq ukve cxadi xdeba, Tu ratom dadginda cnobierebis esTetikaSi cnobierebis 

katastrofuli Sinaarsi; Cans, es aucileblobiT gamomdinareobda yofierebis 

"bunebidan". amitomac, Cemi survili yofierebis gageba bolomde miviyvano, e.i. 

davasrulo, niSnavs bolomde miyvanis bolomde miyvanas, anu, bolomde 

miyvanisaTvis funqciis miniWebas. marTlac, erTaderTi, rasac funqciis miniWeba 

ar exeba da gverds uvlis, aris TviTon yofiereba, anu, misi Cveneuli gageba. 

aseve, gasagebi xdeba, Tu ratom aris SeuZlebeli metafizikis dasrulebiT, 

anu, metafizikis bolomde miyvaniT yofierebis gagebis gadalaxva. metafizika 

yofierebis gagebis modusia, da rodesac misi bolomde miyvanis Sesaxeb 

laparakoben filosofosebi (mag. haidegeri), is "bolomde misayvanebis" 

Cveulebriv rigSi dgeba. rogorebicaa mecniereba, adamianis sicocxle da sxva. 

amitom, metafizikis bolomde miyvana, yofierebis arsebuli gagebis kidev erT 

dadgenas niSnavs da ara mis gadalaxvas (es "sayveduri" Tanamedroveobis erT- 

65

erT yvelaze cnobil filosofoss - deridasac exeba; mTeli misi filosofia 

aris enis da enobrivi fenomenebis bolomde miyvana. magram TviTon "bolomde 

miyvana" mis wignebSi bolomde ar miiyvaneba). 

xolo rodesac sxvanairad vsvamT sakiTxs, anu, rodesac vambobT, 

rom bolomde miyvanas funqcia unda mieniWos, Tavidan vicilebT yofierebis 

arsebuli gagebis wreSi Cavardnis safrTxes: da amiT - bolomde miyvanas 

marTlac vuZebniT funqcias; mis funqciad gvesaxeba yofierebis gagebis 

gadaulaxaobis garantia, anu, meqanizmi, romelic cnobierebas aiZulebs mudam 

erT gagebaSi iyos da am gagebis modusebSi itrialos. 

bolomde miyvana aris yofierebis gagebis safuZveli da principi, da 

amave dros - "Tavis dasacavi iaraRi", bolo zRude, zRvari, romelic 

gadasalaxavia, da romelic, Tavisi yovlismomcvelobis da yvelgan-zedapirze- 

myofobis gamo ar Cans. rogorc azrovnebis gza gviCvenebs, es zRude yvelaze 

Zneli gadasalaxavia. 

amitomac, yvelaze sagrZnobi bolomde miyvana filosofiaSi xdeba. 

filosofia, romelic, erTaderTi arsebulTagan, mimarTulia yofierebis 

gagebaze, mis Sesaxeb azrovnebaze, sabolood bolomde miyvanis tyveobaSi 

aRmoaCens Tavis Tavs da iqceva msoflmxedvelobad, anu, azrad samyaros 

Sesaxeb. gveubneba samyaros funqcias. amitomaa, rom filosofia sabolood 

meta-fizikis saxes iRebs. rac ar unda asrulo da bolomde miiyvano 

metafizika, misi "namdvili" dasruleba, kantis dadgenili antinomiebis gamo, 

SeuZlebelia, radganac yovelTvis arsebobs samyarosaTvis sxva funqciis 

miniWebis SesaZlebloba (raki ga-meta-eba usasrulod SeiZleba). 

amis gamo, Cven ar vambobT, rom filosofia bolomde unda mivides. raki 

is yofierebis gagebis Sesaxeb azrovnebs, da yofierebis gagebis funqcia, ase 

Tu ise, ukve dadginda, filosofiis Zalebi am funqciis bolomde 

ganxorcielebas unda moxmardes; yofierebis gagebis funqciis ganxorcieleba 

66

ki niSnavs am funqciis gauqmebas, anu, Cvens SemTxvevaSi, yofierebis gagebis 

gadalaxvis SesaZleblobis monaxvas, zRudis moxsnas, dangrevas. filosofiis 

am mxares mimarTviT uqmdeba is "Tavis dasacavi iaraRi", romelsac arsebuli 

gageba warmatebiT iyenebs. 

aseTi midgomiT filosofia ar sruldeba, da Tuki mkacrad viazrovnebT, 

arc dasruldeba (anu, dasruldeba yofierebis gagebasTan erTad, rodesac is 

gadailaxeba). dausruleblobis gza ki filosofiisaTvis iwyeba misi 

gafunqciurebiT, anu, sam kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemiT: ra aris filosofia? ra 

aris misi mizani? da ra unda gaakeTos filosofiam am miznis misaRwevad? am 

kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemiT ixateba is "usasrulo" gza, romelsac filosofia 

unda daadges da romelic mas yofierebis gagebis bolosTan miiyvans. Tumca, es 

albaT yvelaze rTuli gzaa, romelsac ki filosofia dasdgomia, radganac 

Cvens samyaroSi yvelaferi, da maT Soris gzac, gulisxmobs bolomde miyvanas, 

anu, dasasruls. 

III 

da mainc, jer pasuxi unda gaeces kiTxvas, Tu ratom maindamainc 

filosofiis saSualebiT unda moxdes yofierebis gagebis daZleva. 

zemodTqmulidan gamomdinare, da mTlianad esTetikaze dayrdnobiT Cven 

vambobT, rom arsebulebs Soris mxolod filosofia ar midis bolomde, 

rogorc filosofia. rogorc ki is mTavrdeba, imave wuTs kargavs filosofiis 

saxes da Tvisebebs. ra Tqma unda, filosofiis bolomde miyvanac, romelic 

Cven gvinda ganvaxorcieloT, ar iqneba sxva arsebulebis bolomde miyvanisagan 

gansxvavebuli. magram Cveni mizania iseTi daboloeba ganvaxorcieloT, romlis 

Sesaxebac ar SeiZleba sxva azri warmoiSvas, garda TviTon am daboloebis 

filosofiurobisa. 

67

Tanac, mxolod filosofias SeuZlia bolomde miyvanis bolomde 

miyvana (yofierebis gagebisaTvis funqciis miniWeba), radganac mxolod is aris 

yofierebis gagebis Sesaxeb azrovneba, da maSasadame, Tavad yofierebis gageba. 

rodesac filosofia yofierebis gagebas, anu cnobierebas ikvlevs, ra 

"Secdomac" ar unda dauSvas da ra mxaresac ar unda gadauxvios, is yovelTvis 

cnobierebis anareklad da cnobierebad rCeba; misi yoveli debuleba, mcdari 

gamonaTqvamic ki, gvelaparakeba cnobierebis bunebis Sesaxeb. 

amitomac, rodesac Cven yofierebis gagebis bolomde miyvanis Sesaxeb 

vsaubrobT, filosofiis bolomde miyvanasac vgulisxmobT. aseTi da-bolo-eba, 

rogorc ukve vTqviT, urTierTSesabamisad aqcevs yofierebis gagebis da 

filosofiis gzas (rogorc unda iyos), da maT "damTavrebas" erT "wertilSi" 

aTavsebs. 

amrigad, ucnauri paradoqsis winaSe amovyviT Tavi; yofierebis gagebis 

(bolomde miyvanis) funqciad ganvsazRvreT sakuTari damTavrebisaTvis xelis 

SeSla. raki filosofia aris cnobierebis yvelaze "pirveli" anarekli, 

filosofiis funqciadac igive gvevlineba. es ki niSnavs, rom principuli 

bolomde miuyvanlobiT da dasrulebuli filosofiis SeuZleblobiT 

filosofia asrulebs yofierebis gagebis saqmes; axangZlivebs cnobierebis, da 

maSasadame, sakuTari Tavis arsebobasac (irkveva, rom is "brZolac", romelic 

yofierebis gagebasa da filosofias Soris mogveCvena, iluzoruli yofila. 

"realurad"'yo-fierebis gagebasTan filosofiaze ufro "SeTanxmebuli" 

fenomeni ar arsebula). 

es ki niSnavs, raki yofierebis gagebas "ucbad" ver SevcvliT, mis 

anarekls unda SevucvaloT funqcia. paradoqsuli azrovnebis 

mravalsaukunovani gamocdileba gveubneba, rom, Tuki anarekli icvleba, 

icvleba "xatic". amitomac, Tuki SegviZlia anarekli SevcvaloT, anu, 

68

filosofias mizani da funqcia SevucvaloT, amiT cnobierebis cvlilebac unda 

gamoviwvioT; radgan, anareklis SecvliT "imav wams" icvleba xati, da piriqiT. 

(raki yofierebis gagebasTan da filosofiasTan mimarTebaSi "xati" da 

"anarekli" metaforebia, analogiiT aRweraa, aseve metaforulad, aq miRebuli 

debulebac sarwmunoa. iseTive sarwmuno, rogorc erTi SexedviT uwyinari 

fraza, rom filosofia aris cnobierebis [yofierebis gagebis] anarekli). 

xolo anareklis, e.i. filosofiis cvlileba SeiZleba mxolod erTi 

mxriv; unda SevcvaloT misi funqcia. anu, is Tavisi arsebuli funqciis 

sawinaamRdego unda gavxadoT. 

Cven vnaxeT, rom filosofiis funqcia aris xeli Seuwyos cnobierebis, 

anu, yofierebis gagebis usasrulobas. amjerad, Cvens mier SemoRebuli axali 

funqcia unda iyos sapirispiro: filosofiam mTeli Tavisi Zalebi unda 

moaxmaros yofierebis arsebuli gagebis gadalaxvas. es niSnavs, rom amiT 

filosofia yofierebis arsebul gagebas bolomde miiyvans, oRond ara ise, 

rogorc es Cveneul gagebas da cnobierebas "unda", aramed ise, rom misi 

Semdgomi "gagrZeleba" SeuZlebeli gaxdes. filosofiam unda ganaxorcielos 

bolomde miyvanis bolomde miyvana. rac, filosofiis mxridan, garkveuli 

azriT, cnobierebis Cveneuli gzis Sesabamisi nabiji iqneba; svla 

TviTganadgurebisaken da katastrofisaken. esec Cvens mier dasaxuli gzis 

sisworeze metyvelebs; gveubneba, rom raki filosofiis axali gzac 

cnobierebiseul paradigmaSi zis, misi ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia, rom aseTi 

moqmedeba Cveni cnobierebisaTvis warmoudgeneli ar aris. 

yofierebis erTi gagebis "meore gagebiT" Secvla niSnavs, rom TandaTan 

momavlis niSnebi unda gatotalurdnen da ganmsazRvreli adgili daikavon 

adamianis cnobierebaSi. Tuki es moxda da yofierebis axali gageba damkvidrda, 

adamians sruliad axal "fenomenTan" mouwevs Sexvedra. momavlis es SemTxveva 

imdenad axali da uprecendento iqneba, rom dRes SeuZlebelia raime 

69

analogiiT miuTiTo momavlis cnobierebaze. veranairi istoriuli gamocdileba 

ver Segvamzadebs momavlis am nabijisaTvis. erTi drois meore droiT 

cvlileba, romelic cnobierebis esTetikam dagvanaxa, miaxloebiTac ver 

migviTiTebs momavlis Zvrebze. 

ra Tqma unda, momavlis cnobiereba, anu, momavali "yofierebis gageba" 

samoTxe ar aris. magram, rigi siZneleebisa da winaamRdegobebisa (rigoricaa 

nacionalizmi, atomuri omis safrTxe, "Tavisuflebis" sxva SemzRudvelebi) 

albad gaqreba. amas momavlis amocnobili niSnebi migviTiTeben, romlebSic 

aSkarad igrZnoba sxva "msoflmxedveloba". 

rac mTavaria, yofierebis "meore" gagebis SesaZlebloba gveubneba 

(isev da isev, am, arsebuli gagebis mier SemoTavazebuli formulis 

gamoyenebiT), rom Tu arsebobs meore, anu, ori, maSin SesaZlebelia 

usasrulod bevri gageba arsebobdes. es ki migviTiTebs, rom "cnobiereba" 

principulad SeuZlebelia CixSi Sevides, Tumca, yovel cnobierebas SeiZleba 

Cixi axasiaTebdes (es bolo frazac Cveni gagebis Sedegia. "momdevno" gagebam 

SeiZleba sxvanairi daskvnebi SeimuSaos imave sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT). 

am qveTavis dasawyisSi vTqviT, rom mxolod filosofia ar midis 

bolomde, rogorc filosofia da dasrulebisTanave gardaiqmneba raRac sxvad, 

romelic ucxoa misi bunebisaTvis. Tu filosofia cnobierebis anareklia, 

kvlav analogiiT da metaforis moxmobiT unda vTqvaT, rom Cveni cnobierebac, 

anu, yofierebis es gagebac, Tuki SevecdebiT mis bolomde miyvanas, gadaiqceva 

"sxvad", anu, raki sxva yofierebis gagebisaTvis TviTon am cnobierebaSi 

(sakuTar TavSi) araferia, [sxva] yofierebis [sxva] gagebad. 

70

IV 

ase gaeca pasuxi sam kiTxvas, romlebic am Tavis dasawyisSi davsviT. 

vTqviT, rom filosofiaSi kiTxvis dasma, garkveuli azriT, filosofiaze 

uaris Tqmas niSnavs. gamoirkva, rom marTlac uari gviTqvams im filosofiaze, 

romelic yofierebis arsebuli gagebis miniWebul funqcias asrulebda. 

filosofiis axali funqciis Sesaxeb gvesaubreba pirveli kiTxva: ra 

aris filosofia? filosofia aris yofierebis arsebuli gagebis, anu Cveni 

cnobierebis Sesaxeb bolomde miyvanili azrovneba. e.i. filosofias Tavis 

TavSi yofierebis gageba mihyavs bolomde. 

filosofiis mizani, romelic misi axali funqciidan gamomdinareobs, 

aris mimarTuloba yofierebis arsebuli gagebis gadalaxvisaken. Sesabamisad, 

axali gagebisaken mimavali gzebis SemuSaveba. 

saSualeba, gza, teqnika, romlis daxmarebiTac filosofiam Tavis mizans 

unda miaRwios, aris Cvens garemoSi arsebuli momavlis niSnebis gamovlena. 

esTetikis mixedviT, srulebiTac ar aris aucilebeli momavlis mxolod 

is niSnebi arsebobdnen, romlebsac jer-jerobiT SevexeT. savsebiT 

SesaZlebelia aseTi niSnebi inaxos Zalian bevr fenomenSi, romlebic Cvens 

garSemo arian da yofierebis arsebuli gagebis gamo, SeumCnevlad da 

umniSvnelod gveCvenebian. momavlis niSnebi Cvens garemoSi "uwesrigod" arian 

gafantulni. Cvens mier SemCneuli ori maTgani: TamaSi, romelic dasabamidan 

Tan axlavs adamians da Ffantasy, romelic "exla" iwyebs arsebobas, momavlis 

sxva niSnebis arsebobis SesaZleblobas migviTiTeben. 

rac Seexeba am TavSi aRweril yofierebis gagebis mTavar niSans - 

bolomde miyvanas; unda vnaxoT, ra pozicia ukaviaT momavlis or niSans - 

TamaSs da fantasy-s yofierebis am saxelTan mimarTebaSi. 

71

odesac TamaSs, rogorc momavlis niSans vixilavdiT, vTqviT, rom is 

aris usasrulo, anu, mas principulad ar SeiZleba bolo hqondes. es ki 

niSnavs, rom TamaSi am mTavar aspeqtSic ewinaamRdegeba da upirispirdeba 

yofierebis arsebul gagebas. rasac Cveneuli cnobiereba, rogorc aRvniSneT, 

pasuxobs TamaSis teqnikis sazRvrebSi moqceviT da "TamaSis damTavrebadobis" 

dadgeniT. magram es damTavrebadoba gamomdinareobs ara Tavad TamaSis "Sinagani 

arsebidan", aramed swored yofierebis gagebidan, romelic Yyvela Tavis 

Ffenomens sasrulobas, anu, bolomde misvlis unars aniWebs. es ki 

xorcieldeba, Tundac, TamaSis aucilebel pirobad mogeba-wagebis SemoRebiT, 

empiriuli drois faqtoriT da sxva. am "bolo" analiziT irkveva, rom TamaSi 

yofierebis arsebul gagebas, rogorc bolomde miyvanas, ewinaamRdegeba. 

rac Seexeba zRapris fenomens; klasikur zRapars, romelsac yvela 

bavSvi usmens, axasiaTebs damTavreba, anu, is bolomde midis. rom dasasruli 

cnobierebis mieraa miniWebuli, aRar vilaparakebT. amjerad sakvlevia, ramdenad 

aris "bolomde miyvana" Sinaganad damaxasiaTebeli zRaprisaTvis: 

cnobierebis esTetikam migviTiTa ramdenime teqstze, romelsac eyrdnoba 

cnobiereba da romlebic droebis safuZvlebi arian. yvela am teqsts 

axasiaTebs erTnairi struqtura; subieqti, dro, sivrce, SemTxveva. anu, 

yofierebis Cveneuli gagebis teqsti aRiwereba, rogorc SemTxveva, romelic 

xdeba droSi da sivrceSi da romelSic moqmedebs subieqti. cnobiereba iZleva 

am teqstis modifikaciebs: SemTxveva, romelSic dro-sivrce ganusazRvrelia da 

TviTon SemTxveva gvevlineba subieqtad: SemTxveva, romelSic subieqti 

ramdenimea, sivrce gansazRvruli da dro ganusazRvreli, da SemTxveva, 

romelSic subieqti erTia, sivrce ganusazRvreli da dro - gansazRvruli. 

raki am teqstebSi laparakia subieqtis moqmedebis Sesaxeb, romelic qmnis 

SemTxvevas, maTSi igulisxmeba, rom es SemTxveva damTavrebadia, raki is 

SemTxvevaa (ukve). es ki niSnavs, rom am teqstSi "winaswaraa" Cadebuli 

72

olomde miyvanis SesaZlebloba. anu, es teqstebi arian sasruloebi. am 

teqstebis empiriul gamovlinebebsac rom SevxedoT, vnaxavT, rom bolomde 

miyvana maTSi kargadaa gamoxatuli: miTi - dasrulebuli SemTxvevaa, romelic 

ucvlelad meordeba Sesabamis sivrceSi, JamTaaRmwerloba - dasrulebuli 

SemTxvevaa, romelic odesRac daiwyo da damTavrda. istoria - aseve 

dasrulebuli SemTxvevaa, romelic moicavs sakuTari Tavis warsul-awmyo- 

momavals (warsuliT da awmyoTi sazRvravs momavals). 

kosmogoniuri miTic, romelic, rogorc vaCveneT, yofierebis Cveneul 

gagebaSi arsebuli teqstebis kvintesenciaa, dasrulebuli da bolomde 

miyvanilia: masSi aRiwereba samyaros warmoSoba, kanoni, romliTac samyaro 

arsebobs, da bolo, dasasruli, romelic aycileblad moxdeba (yoveli 

kosmogoniuri miTi aris nawili kosmologiuri ambis, sadac aucileblad 

aRiwereba samyaros aucilebeli dasasruli. aucilebeli dasasruli 

nawinaswarmetyvelebia im fizikur TeoriaSic, romelic pirvel nawilSi 

ganvixileT). 

rogor aris am SemTxvevaSi zRapris saqme? Cven aRvniSneT, rom zRapris 

struqtura aseTia: masSi an subieqtia gansazRruli, an dro, an sivrce. erTi 

SexedviTac naTelia, rom gansxvavebiT cnobierebis "ZiriTadi teqstidan", 

zRapars axasiaTebs an. magram es "an"-ic ar miuTiTebs dasrulebis 

SesaZlebloba-SeuZleblobas. 

fantasy-Si, romelic uSualod zRapridan gamomdinareobs da mas 

eyrdnoba, saqme odnav sxvanairadaa; masSi subieqtis rols an dro asrulebs, an 

sivrce, an Tavad subieqti. subieqtic masSi an nivTia, an adamiani. es ki 

niSnavs, rom raki fantasy-s teqsti mravalsubieqturia (anu, masSi ise, rom 

erTi SemTxveva [subieqtis, an subieqtebis erTi moqmedeba] ar mTavrdeba, iwyeba 

meore [mag. xmlis da misi patronis ambavi; SeiZleba patronis ambavi 

damTavrdes, magram xmlis gagrZeldes, an piriqiT]), is, masSi teqstebis, anu 

73

SemTxvevebis gadajaWvulobis gamo, principulad usasruloa da bolomde 

miuyvaneli. 

es SesaZlebloba zRaparSic Zevs. magram, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi misi 

ganxorcieleba yofierebis gagebis mier miCqmaluli iyo. mxolod maSin, 

rodesac cnobierebam Tavisi gza daasrula (anu, yvela Tavisi teqsti 

amowura), SesaZlebeli gaxda fantasy-s "dabadeba". 

axali teqstis mravalsubieqturoba (axali teqsti unda iwodos ara 

SemTxvevad, aramed SemTxvevebis "SesaZleblobad", "paralelur" SemTxvevebad) 

gansxvavdeba miTis, Cveni cnobierebisaTvis Cveuli teqstis 

mravalsubieqturobisagan; miTSi mravali subieqti erTi SemTxvevis monawilea 

da erT teqsts qmnis. maSin, rodesac fantasy-Si mravali subieqti TviTon 

aris mravali teqsti. yoveli teqsti, romelic cnobierebis "Zveli" 

paradigmebiT gaigeboda rogorc erTi, fantasy-Si gaigeba rogorc mravali 

paraleluri SemTxvevis nawilebi, romlebic am teqstSi ikveTebian. 

arc is aris "SemTxveviTi", rom zRapari warmoiSva maSin (yovel 

SemTxvevaSi asea savaraudo), rodesac moica teqstebis pirveli kvintesencia, 

rodesac Camoyalibda kosmologiuri miTi, rodesac "pirvelma" drom, miTis 

niSniT dabeWdilma, daamTavra arseboba da cnobierebis mniSvnelobadakargul 

formad iqca. am dros gaxda "SesaZlebeli" axali gagebis niSnis warmoSoba. 

isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom drois dasrulebis "dros" izrdeba 

yuradReba zRapris mimarT; axal droSi amis magaliTi Zmebi grimebis Sromaa. 

albaT, am SemTxvevaSi, cnobierebis drois, anu, yofierebis gagebis erTi etapis 

damTavrebasTan erTad "sxva gageba cdilobs ganxorcieldes", rasac arsebuli 

gageba Tavis nacad xerxebs upirispirebs. 

rogorc vxedavT, momavlis niSnebi gviCveneben principulad axali 

teqstis SesaZleblobas. es perspeqtiva uSualod exeba enis fenomensac, 

romlis gamokvleviTac am wignis bolosaken gadavinacvlebT. 

74

damateba: esTetikis ilustracia inflaciuri kosmologiis saSualebiT 

am wignis I nawilSi "axali personaJi" aRvwereT "Zveli"' 

kosmogoniuri Teoria, romelic aTiode wlis win iyo miRebuli Teoriul 

fizikaSi. esTetikiT gamokvlevam gviCvena, rom es Teoria yofierebis arsebuli 

gagebis sruluflebiani Sedegi iyo da yvela is niSani gaaCnda, romelic ki 

SeiZleba Cveneuli cnobierebis teqstebs axasiaTebdes. garda im niSnebisa, 

romelic I nawilSi aRvwereT da fizikur Teorias mivuyeneT, MmTlianad am 

kosmologias is niSanic axasiaTebs, filosofiis axali miznebis kvlevisas rom 

davadgineT: bolomde miyvana, anu dasrulebadoba. 

Zveli Teoriis mixedviT samyaro warmoiSoba (am warmoSobis sqema ukve 

aRiwera) da garkveuli xnis Semdeg iRupeba, anu sruldeba Пол Девис. 

Суперсилас. . anu, SemTxveva, romelic SemTxvevaa, iwyeba da mTavrdeba - 

yofierebis gagebis, anu, cnobierebis teqstis "kanonis" mixedviT. yofierebis 

gageba, aq, rogorc vxedavT, Sinaurad grZnobs Tavs da mTlianad xorcieldeba. 

aseve, vTqviT, rom fizikis mecnierebam, yofierebis gagebis kvalad, daamTavra 

Tavisi arseboba principulad. iseve, rogorc MmTlianad mecnierebam. aseTi 

daskvna miviReT lokiseuli paradigmis (sagnis codna niSnavs sagnis genezisis 

codnas) gaTvaliswinebiT. 

magram, raki Cvens droSi vcxovrobT, rodesac yofierebis gageba, anu, 

cnobiereba Tavis gamovlinebebs amTavrebs da rodesac sul ufro da ufro 

cxadi xdeba momavlis niSnebi, savsebiT SesaZlebelia ukve damTavrebul, anu 

"daumTavrebel", damTavrebisaken usasrulod mswraf arsebulebSi aRmovaCinoT 

momavlis fenomenebi, romlebsac gamovlenis da dadgenis SesaZlebloba 

gaaCniaT. radganac, rogorc ukve vaCveneT, ena da adamiani "umtkivneulod" 

miiReben axal gagebas, raki aseTi "SesaZlebloba" maTSi "Zevs". 

75

aseTi niSnebi marTlac Cans, Tuki Tanamedrove fizikis monacemebs 

gadavxedavT; momavlis niSnebze Tanamedrove inflaciuri kosmologia 

migviTiTebs (inflacia [inflation] niSnavs gabervas. inflaciuri kosmologia 

niSnavs iseT kosmologias, romlis mixedviTac samyaros, kosmosis arsebobis 

wesi xasiaTdeba rogorc gabervis [inflaciis] procesi). rogor da ratom 

xdeba fizikis mecnierebis SigniT aseTi kosmologiuri suraTis Camoyalibeba, 

aq ar SevexebiT. amis Sesaxeb arsebobs specialuri literatura. 

esTetikisaTvis sainteresoa is Sedegebi, daskvnebi, romlebsac Tanamedrove 

fizika samyaros kvlevisas iRebs. 

inflaciuri kosmologiis Sesaxeb saubrisas me veyrdnobi lindes 

wigns Физика элементарных частиц и иналасионная космология. (Москва. 

pirveli, CvenTvis saintereso Sedegi aris debuleba, rom gabervadi 

samyaros erTi are область) warmoSobs bevr gabervad areebs. Tanac, dro- 

sivrcis Tvisebebi da elementaruli nawilakebis urTierTqmedebis kanonebi 

sxvadasxva areSi sxvadasxva SeiZleba iyos. samyaros, rogorc mTelis 

evolucias, gabervadi areebis mudmivi qmnadobis procesis gaTvaliswinebiT, ara 

aqvs bolo, da SesaZlebelia, arc dasawyisi hqondes (gv.57). 

aseTi midgomiT, rogorc vxedavT, acilebulia yofierebis Cveneuli 

gagebis ZiriTadi modusi - bolomde miyvana. marTalia, mTlianad kosmosi 

Tanamedrove kosmologiis mixedviT ar mTavrdeba, bolomde ar midis, calkeul 

gabervad areebs es "bedi"' ar mocilebiaT. is sqema, romelic adre mTel 

samyaros mieyeneboda, amjerad calkeuli aris kuTvnileba gaxda. Tumca, Zvel 

TeoriasTan SedarebiT, samyaros gabervadi nawilis "sicocxlis dro" 

Seudareblad gaizarda (gv. 52). 

aq minda Zveli kosmologiis kidev erT moments mivaqcioT yuradReba: 

samyaros bolo, am Teoriis mixedviT, ornairad SeiZleboda 

ganxorcielebuliyo: "cxeli dasasruliT" samyaros kolafsis pirobebSi, da 

76

"civi dasasruliT" usasrulo cariel sivrceSi (gv.261). samyaros dasasrulis 

aseTi orgvari warmodgena emTxveva cnobierebis esTetikaSi miRebul Sedegs 

(rodesac cnobierebis dasasrulis ori varianti Camoyalibda). rogorc 

vxedavT, yofierebis arsebuli gageba Tavis yvela modusSi srulad da 

unaklod vlindeba. 

amjerad simarTlesTan yvelaze ufro axlosaa azri, rom mTlianad 

samyaro iarsebebs maradiulad; dausruleblad warmoSobs axal-axal areebs, 

romlebSic kanonebi SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyos. jer-jerobiT ar aris cnobili, 

SeiZleba Tu ara sicocxle usasrulod viTardebodes yovel calkeul areSi. 

magram, danamdvilebiTaa cnobili, rom sicocxle kvlav da kvlav warmoiqmneba 

samyaros yovel sxvadasxva areSi yvelanairi SesaZlebeli saxiT. linde ambobs, 

rom aseTi warmodgena samyaros Sesaxeb aris inflaciuri kosmogoniis 

ganviTarebis erT-erTi yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovani Sedegi (gv. 261). 

esTetikis saSualebiT Segveqmna warmodgena yofierebis ori gagebis 

Sesaxeb. maTgan erTi, Cveni da CvenSi arsebuli, yvelgan da yvelaferSi 

vlindeba. meore ki, romelic SeiZleba ganxorcieldes, mxolod ramdenime 

niSnis saSualebiTaa CvenTvis cnobili. Tanamedrove Teoriuli fizikis 

monacemebis ganxilvam migviTiTa momavlis niSnebis am sferoSi arsebobis 

Sesaxebac. Tumca, es niSnebi jer-jerobiT SeumCneveli da "bolomde" 

ganuxorcielebelia. magram, Tanamedrove inflaciur kosmologiaSi aSkarad 

SeimCneva axali teqstis SesaZlebloba; 

yofierebis axali gagebis niSnebi gamokrTis msjelobaSi, rom 

samyaros arseboba mTlianad usasruloa, da rom mas ara aqvs arc bolo da 

SesaZlebelia arc dasawyisi. aseve, samyaros arsebobis wesSi, romelic axal- 

axali samyaroebis qmnadobad warmogvidgeba. am niSnebidan gamomdinare, 

mosalodnelia, rom momavalSi uaryofili iqneba yoveli aris dasrulebadobis 

debuleba da samyaros gafarToebadi areebic iseTive maradiul fenomenebad 

77

mogvevlinebian, rogorc mTlianad samyaro. Tumca, albaT dasasrulis momenti 

mainc iqneba SenarCunebuli. oRond, konkretuli arsebobisaTvis dasasrulis 

SesaZlebloba albaT raRacnairad iqneba acilebuli. 

esTetikisaTvis aseve ar aris ucxo, rom yovel gafarToebad ares 

Tavisi dasasruli aqvs - jer-jerobiT. Cvens garemoSi, rodesac erTi 

cnobiereba, anu yofierebis gageba dasasruls uaxlovdeba, meore ki 

horizontze Cans, Cveni arsebobisaTvis sxvanairi gagrZeleba warmoudgenelia. 

imitom, rom Cveni gageba aucileblobiT gulisxmobs bolomde miyvanas. anu, 

Cven cnobierebas, Cvens samyaros "axali gageba" afasebs Tavad CvenTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli mTavari niSniT da gamoaqvs dasasrulis ganaCeni. 

rogorc vxedavT, inflaciuri kosmologiis suraTSi Canan axali 

teqstis momentebi; SemTxveva, romlis dasawyisi da bolo teqstis sazRvrebia, 

gauqmebulia da ufro didi teqstis erT-erT momentadaa warmodgenili. 

gafarToebadi areebisagan axal-axali areebis warmoqmnac mTlianad emTxveva 

axali teqstis konturebs, romelic esTetikam fantasy-sTan mimarTebaSi 

daadgina. iseve, rogorc fantasy-Si yoveli teqsti warmoSobs axal teqstebs, 

aseve, yoveli gafarToebadi are, yoveli mini-samyaro, inflaciuri 

kosmologiis mixedviT, axal samyaroebs warmoSobs. anu, principulad 

dausrulebel fenomenTan gvaqvs saqme. es niSnavs, rom "paraleluri" 

samyaroebis (teqstebis) fenomeni ukve Semosulia fizikaSi, rac aucileblobiT 

miuTiTebs yofierebis axali gagebis Tanyofnas. 

aseve, momavlis niSnebis mkveTr arsebobas miuTiTebs inflaciur 

kosmologiaSi anTropuli principis TandaTanobiTi gaZliereba. 

yofierebis axali gagebis, axali cnobierebis niSani aris kidev erTi 

fenomeni; principuli sxvaoba "Zvel" da "axal" kosmologiebs Soris; ramdenime 

wlis winaT Teoriul fizikaSi laparaki iyo did gaerTianebaze 

(eleqtromagnituri, gravitaciuli, Zlieri da susti urTierTmoqmedebis), 

78

ogorc realur procesze, romelic odesRac iyo da Semdeg daiSala oTx 

ZiriTad urTierTqmedebad (es is momentia, romelic safuZvlad daedo 

kosmogoniuri Teoriis im variants, romelsac "axal personaJSi" vixilavT). 

dRes laparakia oTxi Zalis ara realur, aramed eqsperimentul, e.i. 

principul erTianobaze (gv. 117, 154). 

es ki niSnavs, rom mecniereba TandaTan, fizikis mecnierebis saxeliT 

uars ambobs Tavis Zvel paradigmaze: sagnis codna aris sagnis genezisis codna. 

TandaTan axali paradigmis suraTi ixateba. 

zedapiruli ganxilviTac ki naTeli xdeba, rom Tanamedrove 

Teoriuli fizikis CvenTvis saintereso nawili cildeba sakvlevi sagnis, anu, 

samyaros genezisis kvlevas. SesaZlebelia es dacileba TandaTan sul ufro da 

ufro SesamCnevi gaxdes. rogorc Cems xelT arsebuli monacemebi gviCveneben, 

kosmologiis sagani xdeba samyaro mis yvelanair SesaZlo mdgomareobaSi. iseT 

mdgomareobaSic ki, romlis dakvirvebac SeuZlebelia (inflaciur 

kosmologiaSi laparakoben samyaros dakvirvebadi nawilis erTgvarovnebaze, da 

ara mis mTlian erTgvarovnulobaze). paraleluri samyaroebis sakiTxi, 

romelic TandaTan Zalas ikrebs, am viTarebis maCvenebelia. 

amitomac, fizikis mecnierebis am nawilis mimarT mainc SeiZleba iTqvas, 

rom misi mizania ara sagnis genezisis, aramed sagnis SesaZlebeli 

(paraleluri) mdgomareobis kvleva. albaT ar iqneba miuRebeli ganzogadeba, 

Tuki saerTod momaval mecnierebas msgavs mizans da paradigmas mivawerT. sxva 

sakiTxia, ramdenad SeiZleba momavlis am fenomens "mecniereba" daerqvas. magram 

"saxelis SerCeva", Tuki es "prognozi" gamarTldeba, momavlis xelSi unda 

davtovoT. 

(aseve ar aris gamoricxuli, rom momavlis msgavsi niSnebi sxva 

mecnierebebSic aRmoCndes. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, Tuki mecnierebebs 

79

daaxloebiT erTi paradigma da warmoSoba gaaCniaT, gagrZelebis da dasrulebis 

konturebic saerTo hqondeT ). 

sagnis SesaZlebeli mdgomareobis kvleva niSnavs misi yvelanairi 

mdgomareobis codnas. inflaciuri kosmologia ukve gveubneba, rom 

SesaZlebelia yvelanairi arseboba. sxva sakiTxia, ramdenad dakvirvebadni arian 

isini. 

isev da isev, axali teqstis struqturasTan analogiiT, aseT 

kvlevas bolo ara aqvs, radganac yoveli sakvlevi mimarTuleba, "sagnis" 

yoveli SesaZlebeli mdgomareoba, Tavis TavSi warmoSobs axal-axal areebs, 

romelTa mdgomareobebic aseve sakvlevi da dasadgenia. 

es ki niSnavs, rom mecnierebis axal paradigmasTan erTad icvleba 

TviTon sagnis cnebac. sagani (Gegenstand, предмет) zogierT enaSi Sedgenili 

sityvaa (swored mecnierebis warmoSobis Semdeg) da niSnavs win mdgoms, imas, 

rasac uyureb, anu, imas, risi dakvirvebac SesaZlebelia. axali paradigmis 

mixedviT ki, sagani SeiZleba dakvirvebadi ar iyos, magram mainc "sakvlev 

obieqtad" darCes. amitomac, axali principis mixedviT, verc erTi konkretuli 

sagani veRar iqneba mecnierebis sakvlevi obieqti. radganac is imTaviTve iqneba 

dadgenili ara rogorc sakvlevi, aramed rogorc sakvlevis erT-erTi variacia. 

es ki niSnavs, rom Tuki "momavalSi" yofierebis axali gageba ganxorcielda, 

"calke" arc erTi mecniereba ar iarsebebs. yvelani gaerTiandebian da 

gamoikvleven samyaros SesaZlebel variaciebs (me ar vgulisxmob marto 

sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis erTobas). konkretuli, dakvirvebadi sagnis 

kvleva gaxdeba ara mizani (rogorc es dResaa "teqnikur" mecnierebebSi [ix. 

"axali personaJi"]), aramed, samyaros SesaZlebeli yofnis erT-erTi gamoxatvis 

analizi. 

amitomac, raki momavlis niSnebi gviTiTeben mecnierebis arsebuli 

paradigmis mTlian uaryofas (uariyofeba sagani, rogorc Zalian viwro 

80

mecnierebis miznebisaTvis, da genezisi, rogorc ukve "ganvlili" etapi), 

mecnierebis axali paradigma albaT Camoyalibdeba rogorc samyaros 

SesaZlebeli (paraleluri) mdgomareobebis kvleva. 

samyaros SesaZlebeli mdgomareobebis kvlevaSi gadaikveTebian 

dReildReobiT erTmaneTisaTvis iseTi ucxo mecnierebebi, rogorebicaa fizika, 

biologia, filologia da sxva. aqamde ambobdnen, rom sxvadasxva mecnierebebis 

monacemebis gaerTianeba gvaZlevs samyaros suraTs. "suraTi" xisti da 

mouqnelia. amasTanave, gulisxmobs statikurobas, erTadarTobas da aucilebel 

WeSmaritobas. axali, momavlis gaerTianeba, Tuki es momavali ganxorcielda, 

mogvcems samyaroebs, rac yovel adamians Seudereblad gauxsnis horizonts. 

da bolos, unda gavceT pasuxi kiTxvas, romelic aucileblad 

wamoeWreboda mkiTxvels: ratom maindamainc fizikaSi da ara sxva mecnierebaSi 

gaxda SesaZlebeli momavlis cxadi niSnebis danaxva? saqme imaSia, rom fizika 

aTeulobiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi axorcielebda imas, rasac filosofias 

abralebdnen da rasac filosofia ibralebda xolme; fizika akonstruirebda, 

agebda msoflmxedvelobebs, anu, samyaros suraTebs (yovel samyaros suraTs ki 

Sesabamisi ganwyoba mosdevs. maT Soris iseTive damokidebulebaa, rogorc miTsa 

da rituals Soris). amitomac mosalodneli iyo yofierebis arsebuli gagebis 

Sesabamisi samyaros suraTebis amowurva da "sxvis" gamokrToma (rogorc zemoT 

aRvniSneT, yofierebis gagebas unda axasiaTebdes namdvili dasrulebisas sxvad 

qceva). me ubralod vcade es gamokrToma SememCnia da aRmewera. 

ra Tqma unda, savsebiT SesaZlebelia yofierebis axal gagebaSi, anu, sxva 

cnobierebaSi, Cvens mier navaraudevi situacia ar ganxorcieldes, an, 

sxvanairad ganxorcieldes. magram, Zneli SesamCnevi ar unda iyos, rom 

momavlis niSnebi, romlebsac esTetikis saSualebiT veZebdiT, aRmoCndnen 

swored iq, sadac mosalodneli iyo; "adgilebSi", sadac yofierebis arsebuli 

81

gageba "kriziss" ganicdis. Tanac am niSnebis erTgvarovneba naTeli da advili 

SesamCnevia. 

magram, momavlis niSnebis arseboba ar niSnavs, rom isini TavisiT 

ganxorcieldebian da garkveul Zalisxmevas ar moiTxoven. yofierebis arsebul 

gagebas Seswevs unari fsevdo-interpretaciebiT maT sakuTari fenomenebis saxe 

misces. rogorc TamaSs eZleva teqnikis saxe, iseve axal teqsts Zveli 

teqstebis erT-erTi axali variacia erqmeva. da rac mTavaria da yvelaze ufro 

damaluli, bolomde miyvanas - Cveulebrivi, sayovelTao, uwyinari da 

"TavisTavadgasagebi" xasiaTi eniWeba. 

aseTi xerxiT, Cvens cnobierebas aqvs "Sansi" kvlav gaagrZelos arseboba 

- usasrulobamde (rodesac cnobierebis esTetikaSi Cveni cnobiereba aRvwereT, 

momavlis niSnebi, romelic marTalia SevamCnieT, TavianTi arsobrivi mxariT 

dafarulni aRmoCndnen CvenTvis. rac yofierebis arsebuli gagebis moqmedebis 

erT-erTi magaliTia. filosofia ki, raki is anareklia, Tavisi SecdomebiTac 

ki, areklilis bunebas miuTiTebs). 

bolosityvaobis magivrad 

esTetikam migviTiTa, rom Cveni cnobierebis, anu, yofierebis Cveneuli 

gagebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi moqmedeba aris mniSvnelobis (da sabolood 

funqciis) miniWeba. yvela "gonieri" fenomeni, romelic Cvens garSemo da Cvens 

garemoSi arsebobs, dabeWdilia am niSniT. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, am 

moqmedebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi ganmaxorcielebeli aris rwmena. kacobriobis 

istoriaSi rwmenis erT-erTi yvelaze ufro sruli gamoxatva "mwams radgan 

absurdia" (tertuliane) amis Sesaxeb gvelaparakeba. 

82

am kuTxiT rwmena aris saSualeba, wesrigi, urTierTSesabameba da 

moTxovnileba sakuTari, nacnobi garemo dainaxo iq, sadac amis danaxva 

"logikurad" ar SeiZleba. anu, rac TavisTavad ar meta-vdeba, risi mTlianad 

ga-meta-ebac sxvanairad SeuZlebelia. anu, esTetikis gamocdilebas Tu 

gaviTvaliswinebT, rwmena mieyeneba im fenomens, romlis mTlianad mniSvnelobis 

dakargva, bolomde miyvana, gansazRvrebaSi moqceva ar xerxdeba (TviTon gasa- 

meta-ebeli fenomenidan gamomdinare). 

rwmena mowodebulia yvelaferi gaa-meta-os da yvelafris ukan 

dainaxos ganmsazRvreli da mniSvneloba-damkargveli. Cvens garemoSi arsebobs 

erTi fenomeni, romlis kavSirzec erTi mxriv rwmenasTan, meore mxriv ki 

gonebasTan, logikasTan, am movlenis sxvadasxva enebze gamoxatva migviTiTebs; 

crurwmena, prejudice, vorurteil, предрассудок). 

yoveli crurwmena aris am crurwmenis obieqtisaTvis mniSvnelobis 

miniWeba, samyaroseuli funqciiT dabeWdva. crurwmena aris SemTxvevisaTvis 

mniSvnelibis micema, e.i. yoveli SemTxvevis gansazRvreba, anu, misi ga-meta-eba 

da bolomde miyvana. rac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, samyaros yovel SemTxvevas 

aqcevs funqciurad. 

raime SemTxvevis funqciad qceva ki sxva araferia, Tu ara imis 

aRiareba da SemoReba, rom es SemTxveva dasrulebulia, damTavrebulia, 

bolomde miyvanilia da aRaraferi darCenia, raime funqciis Sesrulebis garda. 

rogorc vxedavT, aq aSkaraa, rom crurwmeniT (e.i. rwmeniT) xdeba 

yoveldRiuri SemTxvevebis yofierebis gagebis wreSi Cagdeba. anu, rwmeniT 

xdeba nebismieri arsebulis iZuleba yofierebisaTvis. 

(rac Seexeba sityva "crurwmenas"; albaT es sityvebi am fenomens eniWeba 

"sxva rwmenis" mier. anu, interpretirebuli SemTxvevis sxvanairi 

interpretaciis mosurnes. es mosurne SeiZleba iyos religia, mecniereba da 

a.S. crurwmena faqtiurad cnobierebis mniSvnelobadakarguli formaa). 

83

yovelive zemodTqmulidan gamomdinareobs, rom yofierebis 

Cveneul gagebaSi samyaro, anu samyaros suraTi aniWebs mniSvnelobas 

SemTxvevebs da SemTxvevis monawileebs, romlebic masSi arseboben. da 

Sesabamisad, samyaroSi arsebuli xdeba funqciuri, anu yofierebis fenomeni, 

samyaros suraTis "gamo" (es ra Tqma unda ar niSnavs, rom yoveli konkretuli 

adamianis TavSi samyaros mwyobri suraTi arsebobs. konkretul cnobierebaSi, 

yofierebis Cveneuli gagebis eniT rom vilaparakoT, darCenili reliqturi 

mniSvnelobebiT da funqciebiT aisaxeba da arsebobs, met-naklebad samyaros 

yvela suraTi, romelsac ki istoriulad uarsebia cnobierebis gzis 

ganmavlobaSi). 

mdgomareobis aseTi aRwera ki enis bunebis identuria, romelsac 

esTetikiT, anu, Sesabamis kvalze siaruliT mivadeqiT. enis aRwerisas vTqviT, 

rom sityvebs, romlebic arian mniSvneloba dakarguli niSnebi, funqcia 

eniWebaT teqstSi. anu, TavisTavad sityvas, enis gareSe, ara aqvs mniSvneloba. 

Tumca, isic aRvniSneT, rom konkretuli cnobierebisaTvis ena sxva araferia, 

Tu ara niSnebis erToba, sadac niSnebs sakuTari mniSvnelobebi gaaCniaT. am 

mxriv ena, rogorc "komunikaciis saSualeba" arafriT ar gansxvavdeba sxva 

"sakomunikacio fenomenebidan", romlebic Cvens garemoSi arian Semomxvedrni. 

gansxvaveba, anu enis buneba Cndeba da dgindeba e.w. "transcendentur doneze", 

sadac cxadi xdeba, rom ena teqctebis erTobaa, romlebic mniSvneloba 

dakarguli niSnebisagan arian Sedgenilni. 

amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samyaro sazRvriTad, Cveni cnobierebis 

mixedviT unda aRiweros rogorc teqsti, romelSic sityvebs (waikiTxe 

sagnebs) funqciebi eniWebaT. rogorc avRniSneT, teqsti, romelic Cveni 

enisaTvis, yofierebis Cveneuli gagebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, anu, 

romelic aris Cveni samyaro, aris SemTxvevis, romelsac dro, sivrce da 

subieqti asruleben, aRwera. amitomac, yofierebis Cveneuli gageba 

84

aucileblobiT moiTxovs moqmedi subieqtis cnebas, romelic "ZiriTad 

teqstSi", romelsac hqvia samyaro, saxeldeba rogorc RmerTi, kanoni da a.S. 

teqstis variantebi, sxvadasxva teqstSi subieqtis, drois da sivrcis 

sxvadasxva daxasiaTebebi "teqnikis" ambavia. 

es ki migviTiTebs, rom samyaro, romelic Cvens gagebaSi CvenTvis 

arsebobs, aris erTgvarovani, erTi SemTxveva, romelic sadRac iwyeba da 

sadRac mTavrdeba, da romelic, Tavisi erTgvarovnebis gamo, ar SeiZleba 

erTnairad ar "xdebodes" (raki is SemTxvevaa). 

yofierebis esTetikis miTiTebiT, samyaro sxva araferia, Tu ara 

yofierebis am gagebis gamovlena, Cveni cnobiereba da aseve, Cveni ena. rogorc 

cnobierebis esTetikam migviTiTa, da rasac amjerad yofierebis esTetikac 

eTanxmeba, samyaro airekleba enaSi da piriqiT. amitomac, bunebrivia Cndeba 

kiTxva; Tuki Cveni ena aris mTlianad Cveni yofierebis gageba, rogor SeiZleba 

am eniT "yofierebis sxva gagebaSi" arseboba, da xom ar moiTxovs "gadasvla" 

enis radikalur Secvlas? am kiTxvis bolo nawili faqtiurad auqmebs im 

Zalisxmevas, romelic esTetikam gaswia axali gagebis misaRwevi gzis kvlevaSi; 

enis radikalurad Secvla imdenad warmoudgenelia, rom katastrofuli 

cnobierebidan yovelgvar Tavis daRwevaze laparaki zedmeti xdeba. 

magram aq isev esTetikis _Sedegebi gvevlinebian mSvelelad; 

rogorc irkveva, enis cvlileba unda exebodes ara sakomunikacio sistemis, 

aramed ZiriTadi teqstis Secvlas. anu, ena aris mxolod da mxolod is 

teqsti, romelic am enis teqstebs sazRvravs, da araviTari Sexeba ara aqvs im 

niSnebTan, sakomunikacio saSualebas rom warmoadgenen (Sexeba ara aqvs - es 

niSnavs, rom sakomunikacio ena aris teqstis sityvebis kvlav niSnebad qceva, 

anu, mniSvneloba dakarguli niSnebisaTvis kvlav mniSvnelobis da niSnobis 

miniWeba. metyveleba enis "Semdgomi" safexuria). 

85

enis Secvla niSnavs ara yoveldRiuri enis, aramed misi 

"saxuravis", misi enad mqcevelis Secvlas. Cveni cnobierebidan SeuZleblad 

meCveneba laparaki imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra zegavlenas moaxdens es Secvla TviTon 

enis bunebaze. Tumca, albaT axali enac SeiZleba Tavisuflad aixsnas 

yofierebis Cveneuli gagebidanac - rogorc u-mniSvnelo sityvebisaTvis 

mniSvnelobis mimniWebeli - raime axali axsnis gverdiT. 

aseTi, axali teqstis SesaZlebloba ki ukve davinaxeT fantasy-Si 

da Tanamedrove inflaciur kosmologiaSi (aseve, TamaSia fenomenSic). es axali 

teqsti gulisxmobs subieqtis mravalgvarobas da, rogorc ukve iTqva, 

teqstebis da Sesabamisad, samyaroebis mravalferovnebasac. axali teqstis 

arsebobas inflaciuri kosmologiis is daskvnac miuTiTebs, rom samyaro, 

kosmosi ar aris erTgvarovani. anu, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom momaval teqstSi 

(momaval samyaroSi) mniSvnelobis (funqciis) miniWeba sxvadasxva teqstSi 

sxvadasxvanairad xdeba, an saerTod ar xdeba(zogierTSi). 

yofierebis esTetikam migviTiTa, rom ena TamaSobs, anu, umiznod da 

ufunqciod agrZelebs sityvebis qmnas, anu, mniSvnelobebis miniWebas. maSasadame 

ena mudam qmnis niSnebs (rogorc wesi, sityvebs aqcevs niSnebad). swored am 

unaris gamo xdeba SesaZlebeli ena ise Seicvalos, anu ise Seicvalos 

"ZiriTadi teqsti", rom enis empiriuli modusi - metyveleba rogoric iyo, 

iseTi darCes ZiriTadaT. 

irkveva, rom enaSi, romelic Tavidan gamoiyureboda rogorc yofierebis 

arsebuli gagebis sruli da unaklo anarekli - xati, aRmoCnda fenomeni, 

romelic axali gagebis "realurobis" garantiaa. momavlis yvela niSani, 

romelic Cven cal-calke vipoveT, erT fenomenSi gaerTianda, erTis sxvadasxva 

gamoxatvebad mogvevlina. aseve, ra ucnauric ar unda iyos, yofierebis 

arsebuli gagebis ZiriTadi niSnebis kvalmac enis garemoSi amogvayofina Tavi. 

rac gveubneba, rom Tuki ganxorcielda axali gagebis misaRwevi nabijebi, isini 

86

warmatebiT dasruldeba, radganac arsebobs misi ganxorcielebis pirobebi. 

magram arsebobs mxolod pirobebi, da ara ganmsazRvreli fenomenebi. isev da 

isev axali teqstis Sesabamisad, axali gagebis ganxorcieleba (an 

ganuxorcielebloba) mxolod da mxolod adamianebze, e.i. konkretul 

subieqtebzea damokidebuli. filosofias ar SeuZlia, Tavisi axali miznebis 

mixedviTac ki, aseTi gadasvlis aucileblobaze ilaparakos. ZiriTadi motivi, 

ramac SeiZleba aseTi gadasvla sasurveli gaxados, aris katastrofuli 

cnobierebidan Tavis daRweva da aqedan gamomdinare, misi Sedegebis acilebac. 

Tqma, an survili, rom es gadasvla gvinda ar gvinda, aucileblobiT 

ganxorcieldes, isev yofierebis Cveneul gagebaSi dabruneba iqneba. dabruneba 

iqneba imitom, rom ase isev erTxel ganxorcielebul SemTxvevaSi moveqceviT, 

anu, davrCebiT Zvel teqstSi. 

87

cnobierebis da yofierebis esTetikis damateba (1997). paradigma da urCxuli 

(filosofiuri gonebis saqmis gamoZieba) 

…”..SeiZleba vinmem SeniSnos, rom aq daskvna 

win uswrebs “dasabuTebas”. magram gana 

vinme daiwyebs imis mtkicebas, risic ar sjera 

da ris gavrcelebaSiac ar 

aris dainteresebuli” 

borxesi “iudas Ralatis sami versia” 

gamoZieba istoriis kvleviT unda daiwyos. istoria 

msoflmxedvelobebis urTierTCanacvlebaa. iseve, rogorc SeuZlebelia 

warmoidgino adamiani msoflmxedvelobis gareSe, aseve SeuZlebelia 

warmoidgino “istoriuli” movlena romelsac ara aqvs msoflxedvelobrivi 

safuZveli. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom “pirveli” msoflmxedveloba _ miTi _ mTlianad 

moicavda samyaros da masSi paradigmuloba(1) srulad iyo gamoxatuli; erTi 

mxriv rogorc nimuSi, da meore mxriv, rogorc msoflmxedvelobis gverdiT 

mdgari. amitom, miT ufro sakiTxavia, Tu ratom xdeba am msoflmxedvelobis 

totaluri arsebobis sxviT Canacvleba. gamosakvlevia, Tu ra iwvevs 

msoflmxedvelobis cvlilebas, ra aiZulebs srul da yovlismomcvel 

msoflmxedvelobas ukan daixios da sxva formebs dauTmos adgili. 

aseTia paradigmulobis saqmis kvlevisas warmoSobili pirveli rigis 

problemebi. miTebi srulad aRweren samyaros. yoveli miTi aris garkveuli 

kanoni. am kanonebis erTianoba iZleva Cveni garemos srul axsnas. 

88

am ganmartebaSi organuladaa CarTuli miTebis ritualuri Sesruleba, 

romlis saSualebiTac xorcieldeba samyaro. ritualis gareSe miTSi aRwerili 

SemTxveva ar ganxorcieldeba. miTiur samyaroSi, ise rogorc arsad sxvagan, 

adamiani da garemomcveli samyaro organizmul erTobas warmoadgenen. isini 

uerTmaneTod ver arseboben. msoflmxedveloba am garemoSi gamoixateba 

tradiciulobiT; yoveli movlena aris rogorc odesRac momxdaris anarekli- 

gameoreba. 

am harmoniul, kosmosur samyaroSi, paradigmulobis am srul da unaklo 

gamoxatvaSi, sadac scenari, nimuSi da sanaxaobis ganmsazRvreli erT 

“fenomenSi” arian moqceulebi, xdeba raRac, rac paradigmulobas samyaros 

axleburad gadawyobas aiZulebs(2). 

erT-erTi aseTi movlenaa tragedia. 

tragediaSi saqmis viTareba sxvagvaradaa, vidre eposSi. tragedia ar 

aris Tanasworuflebiani subieqtebis urTierTqmedebiT Sedgenili siuJeturi 

qarga. tragediaSi siuJeti da misi ganviTareba protagonistis garemosTan 

“araadekvatur” urTierTobas eyrdnoba; tragediis garemo Cveulebrivi, lamis 

yoveldRiuri mimdinareobaa, romelsac tragediis gmiri arRvevs Cveulebrivi 

mimarTulebis sawinaamRdgo moZraobiT. SemTxveva, romelic xorcieldeba 

tragediaSi, rogorc misi kulminacia, mTlianad protagonistis damsaxurebaa. 

anu, movlenis Semoqmedi aris erTi subieqti, romelic Tavisi 

gansakuTrebulobis gamo, yvela Tanamonawileze maRla dgas, da siuJetis 

SigniT maTi bedis ganmapirobeblad da ganmsazRvrelad gvevlineba. 

amave rangis movlena antikur saberZneTSi aris filosofia, romelic 

Tavisi metafizikuri SinaarsiT miuTiTebs raRac erT ganmsazRvrelze 

(magaliTad _ formis formaze. aristotele). 

aseTi msoflgageba, mowesrigebis wesi Cndeba mogvianebiT, qristianuli 

religiis gatotalurebasTan erTad. Semodis SemTxvevebis arsebobis axali 

89

wesi. Tuki “adre” xdomilebas ramdenime subieqtis (elementis) 

Tanasworuflebiani moqmedeba ganapirobebda, axla yvelaferi, rac xdeba, erTi, 

gansakuTrebuli subieqtis mieraa gamowveuli da mTeli samyaro mis 

biografiaSia CarTuli(3). 

aqac, am epoqaSic SeimCneva Seusabamo movlenebi. romlebic iseve, 

rogorc tragedia da antikuri filosofia, sxvis BSesaxeb gvelaparakebian(4) 

am epoqaSi aseTi movlena aris, upirveles yovlisa panTeizmi; is 

gveubneba, rom yvelaferi aris RmerTi, anda, yvelaferi aris RmerTSi (pan-en- 

Teizmi. koplstonis termini). samyaros aseTi gawyoba subieqtis da movlenis 

igiveobas migviTiTebs. anu, subieqti ki ar gansazRvravs SemTxvevas, TviTon 

subieqtia SemTxveva, misi parametrebi. amitom, subieqti da SemTxveva erTad 

xdebian. es gawyoba, struqtura, samyaros aRqmis “qronikuli” wesidan ar 

gamoiyvaneba. amitomac, SemTxveviTi ar aris aseTi moZRvrebebis eresad 

monaTvla. 

amgvari movlenebi mravlad daiZebneba. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis gamovyoT ori 

maTgani, romlebic Tavisi SinaarsiT, formiT, mimarTulobiT, ar “jdebian” im 

dros arsebul totalur da eqs-totalur msoflmxedvelobebSi. esenia X 

saukuneSi qarTveli beris ioane-zosimes mier Seqmnili mcire teqsti “qebai da 

didebai qarTulisa enisa” da kopernikis heliocentruli sistema. 

ptolemeosis geocentrizmi absoluturad misaRebi iyo Sua saukuneebis 

ideologiisaTvis, romelic subieqts (iqneboda es moqmedi Tu damkvirebeli) 

ayenebda SemTxvevis centrSi, rogorc am SemTxvevis Semoqmeds da mTavar moqmed 

pirs. 

heliocentruli sistema, romelic mecnierulad daasabuTa kopernikma, 

antikur saberZneTSic arsebobda (Zv. w.a. III s. aristarqe samoseli). magram is 

ubralod daiviwyes. es Teoria winaswarmetyvelebs samyaros ganxilvis axal 

wess, romlis mixedviTac konkretuli subieqti raRac zogadis da mTlianobis 

90

mxolod erT-erTi rigiTi monawilea da TavisTavad arafers gansakuTrebuls 

ar warmoadgens. aseTi msoflmxedveloba adgens mTlianobas, erTs, romlis 

WanWikebic konkretulad arsebulebia. aseT aRweras renesansuli epoqa da 

konkretuli adamianis xsnaze mimarTuli eklesia ver miiRebda. amitom, ar aris 

SemTxveviTi, rom traqtati “ciur sxeulTa brunvis Sesaxeb” mxolod avtoris 

sikvdilis Semdeg gamoqveynda. 

“damarxul ars enai qarTuli dRemde meored mosvlisa misisa 

sawameblad, raiTa yovel enasa RmerTman amxilos amiT eniTa.. 

..viTarmed yoveli saidumlo amas enasa Sina damarxul ars.. 

..da ese ena Semkuli da kurTxeuli saxeliTa uflisaiTa, mdabali da 

dawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meored mosvlisa uflisa..” 

…Sua saukuneebis msoflxedvelobaSi, ideologiaSi ver vipoviT vercerT 

kuTxes, romelSic am frazebis umtkivneulo moTavseba iqneba SesaZlebeli. 

ioane zosimes es teqsti qarTul enas acxadebs istoriis subieqtad, adarebs 

lazares. mTeli istoria am erTgverdian traqtatSi warmodgenilia rogirc 

qarTuli enis biografia: istoria aris qarTuli enis aRdgomis molodini. rac 

niSnavs, rom istoria aq gvevlineba zogadi subieqtis Sinagan kanonad, da rom 

ara es subieqti, istoriac ar iarsebebda. 

aq, erTi SexedviT SeumCnevlad, uaria naTqvami konkretuli adamianis 

unikalurobaze, konkretul subieqt-RmerTze. miuxedavad imisa, rom formiT am 

teqstis Sinaarsi aris RmerTis molodini, “pirvel” adgilze (Tundac 

saTauris mixedviT) qarTuli enaa dayenebuli. 

konkretuli adamiani, eTnosis miuxedavad, rac aris im dros 

qristianuli eklesiis zrunvis sagani, ar Cans. qarTuli ena zogadi, 

yovlismomcveli subieqtia, da teqsti erTi mxriv miuTiTebs am zogadis 

upiratesobas sxva zogadobebis (enebis) mimarT, meore mxriv ki axal wesrigze 

91

esaubreba, romelSic subieqtebi aseTi zogadobebi iqnebian, da samyaroc maTi 

urTierTobis mixedviT mowesrigdeba. 

es myvirala Seusabamoba romelic Sua saukuneebis paradigmasa da msgavs 

movlenebs Soris arsebobs, maleve iWreba da ixsneba im epoqis dadgomiT, 

romelsac axal dros, mecnierebis azRevebis da ganmanaTleblobis xanas 

uwodeben. 

axali wesrigi, romelic ganmanaTleblobaSi iRebs saTaves da romelSic 

bolo dromde vcxorobdiT, gulisxmobs subieqtis, SemTxvevis da dro-sivrcis 

erTianobas. am msoflxedvelobiT yvelaferi, rac ki xdeba, aris raRac 

saerTos, zogadis mcire nawili. es saerTo ki aris erTaderTi avtonomiuri 

arseba(5). 

yovelRiurobaSi aseTi paradigma nacionalizmis saxes iRebs; 

nacionalizmi sxva araferia, Tu ara istoriis subieqtad eris dasaxva, rac 

niSnavs rogorc konkretuli adamianis, aseve sxva erebis daqvemdebarebul 

statusSi gadayvanas. 

rogorc irkveva, istoriis garkveul adgilebSi warmoiqmnebian 

movlenebi, romlebsac im momentSi uparadigmoebi SeiZleba vuwodoT. megram, 

rogorc vnaxeT, paradigmuloba saswrafod qmnis am axali SemTxvevis Sesabamis 

paradigmas, iTavsebs mas. 

istoriaSi siarulisas aRmoCndnen movlenebi, romlebic maTi 

konkretuli garemosTvis arian sxva. es faqtebi paradigmis Zaladobis 

damadastureblebi unda iyvnen. 

92

* * * 

M”..mTqmelebi, romlebmac gansazRvrs, rom 

damxmare cxoveli SeiZleba iyos 

mxolod sami, da daadgines sasjeli 

imaTTvis, vinc gabedavda akrZalvis darRvevas” 

antonia s. baieti “jini “bulbulisTvlis” 

SuSidan damzadebuli boTlidan” 

TiTqosda mivediT mizanTan, aRmovaCineT dazaralebuli, romlis povnis 

imedic gamoZiebis specifikuri xerxis SemuSavebisas gvqonda. 

magram sakiTxavia, Tu ramdenad aris dazaraleba, Zaladoba iSviaTis 

sayovlTaod qceva; zaraldeba Tu ara aristotele, ideologiis avtoritetad 

qceviT, anda koperniki, imiT rom yvelam icis heliocentruli sistemis 

Sesaxeb, an ra akldeba ioane-zosimes misi teqstis lamis identur frazebs 

msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi rom gahyvirian? ra Tqma unda, SegviZlia vTqvaT, 

rom zaraldeba unikaluroba, auTenturoba, magram es debulebebi argumentebi 

ki ara, “keTili survilebia”. amitom gamosakvlevia, xom ar aris 

paradigmulobis aseTi moqmedeba Zaladoba, Tundac sakuTari Tavis, anda 

arsebuli paradigmis mimarT. 

irkveva, rom aq Zaladobis faqts adgili ar hqonia. paradigmuloba 

Tavis gasamarTleblad kosmogoniur miTze migviTiTebs; 

kosmogoniur miTSi paradigmis yvela SesaZlo mdgomareoba winaswaraa 

mocemuli; nebismieri kosmogoniuri ambavi, iqneba es hesiodes Teogonia Tu 

“popol-vuxi”, SeiZleba sam struqturul momentad davyoT: yoveli 

kosmogoniuri miTi iwyeba gaurkveveli da ganurCeveli garemos aRweriT, 

romelSic yovelive (ukve) arsebuli gaerTianebulia da erT organizmad 

93

warmogvidgeba. Semdeg, am erTianobidan warmoiSoba erTi _ Semqmneli, RmerTi, 

romelic iwyebs damxmare RmerTebis (elementebis) Seqmnas. Semdeg, am 

elementebis (damxmare RmerTebis) urTierTganlagebiT (RmerTebis 

urTierTqmedebiT) iqmneba samyaro(6). 

es niSnavs, rom Zaladoba ar momxdara. miTis paradigmaSi ukve 

mocemulia yvela “sxva” msoflmxedveloba. TviTon miTSi, romlis empiriuli, 

grZnobadi gamoxatva aris tradiciuloba, arsebobs sxva ambebis konstruirebis 

SesaZlebloba. mTlianad kosmogoniuri miTi ki SeiZleba warmovidginoT, 

rogorc miTisaTvis myari tradiciuli safuZvelis dadgenis warmatebiT 

ganxorcielebuli mcdeloba. 

amrigad, raki kosmogoniuri miTi arsebobs, yvela epoqaSi aris samive 

msoflxedvelobis ganxorcielebis potencia. amitom, unda iTqvas, rom 

ideologia, centraluri msoflmxedveloba aris ara absoluturad, aramed 

mxolod totalurad. 

paradigmulobis yovel moduss aqvs Tavisi sisuste, romelic amave 

dros mis Zalasac warmoadgens: es aris msoflmxedvelobis yvelgangamWolobis 

unari; totaluri msoflmxedveloba (ideologia) imdenadaa totaluri, anu, 

epoqa imdenadaa raRac epoqa, ramdenadac Sesabamisi paradigma yvelganmyofi da 

grZnobadad mocemuli xdeba. anu, is totalurad igulisxmeba, Tanmyofia da 

grZnobad-aqsiomaturi xdeba. 

swired am dros, rodesac mis Sesaxeb ukve aRar fiqroben, imitom rom 

is namdvili para-deigma _ mudam gverdiT myofi gaxda, rodesac azrovnebaSi 

misi adgili “Tavisufldeba”, iwyeba axali samyaros Zebna. 

Zebnis safexurebi da mimdevroba, paradigmulobis modusiT _ 

kosmogoniuri miTiTaa gansazRvruli. 

ase rom, “uparadigmo” movlenebi, romlebic istoriaSi vipoveT, arian 

ara sxva, “ucxoni”, romlebzec paradigma Zaladobs da romelTac isrutavs, 

94

aramed scenariT gansazRvruli moqmedeba(ebi), romelic uzrunvelyofs axali 

drois dawyebas. 

Tumca, uparadigmo movlenebSi arseboben mcire uzustobebi _ “Zalian 

adre” warmoSobili formebi; SeiZleba scenaris mesame nawilis winamorbedi 

pirvelis dasasrulSi gaCndes. magram es arafriT ar bRalavs paradigmulobis 

moqmedebas. jer erTi, rogorc ukve vTqviT, paradigmis yvela forma yovelTvis 

mocemulia potenciurad, anu, centraluri msoflmxedvelobis gverdiT 

yovelTvis SeiZleba vivaraudoT marginaluris arseboba, romelic miCqmaluri 

da dafarulia. meorec, empiriulad, ideologiur doneze, aseTi “gaCenilis” 

aucilebeli daviwyeba xdeba (mag. antikur saberZneTSi heliocentruli 

sistema). da kidev _ aseTi gadaxvevebi paradigmulobis aramc Tu 

damnaSaveobaze, aramed mis poetur sulze metyvelebs, romelic viTomda mkacri 

scenaridan mcire gadaxras uSvebs (rac avtoris maRal xelovnebaze 

metyvelebs). aucilebel mimdinareobaSi warmoSobili mcire disonansi _ ra 

unda iyos amaze kargi moqmedebis gasacocxleblad da mayureblis 

dasaintereseblad!(7). 

* * * 

“istoria jer iwereba da Semdeg xdeba” 

robert muzili 

am winaswari gamoZiebis safuZvelze ukve SeiZleba vilaparakoT 

paradigmulobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb uSualod Cvens garemoSi. 

95

axali dro, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, aris mecnierebis epoqa, romelsac 

istoriuli (ara-JamTaaRmwerluri) xana SeiZleba vuwodoT. mecnierebis 

paradigmis empiriuli gamoxatva aris nacionalizmi. 

nacionalizmi, iseve, rogorc sxva paradigmebis empiriuli modusebi 

odesRac, jer kidev XX saukunis dasawyisSi gaxda empiriulad grZnobadi, 

TavisTavad gasagebi da TavisTavadnagulisxmevi. amaze, Tundac misi fasisturi 

piki miuTiTebs. 

nacionalisturi struqturis gareSe XX saukunis dasawyisidan 

moyolebuli, arc saxelmwifo da arc konkretuli adamiani ar moiazreboda. 

aseTive movlenebi axlda “wina” paradigmebis gagrZnobadebas; Sua 

saukuneebis bolos, rodesac yvelaferi religiur prizmaSi Canda. aseve unda 

yofiliyo “sakuTriv-tradiciuli” epoqis dasasrulic. 

es imas unda niSnavdes, rom paradigma, romelsac paradigmuloba 

gvaCvenebda, rogorc bolos, sakuTari modusebis mimdevrobaSi, damTavrda. 

kosmogoniurma miTma gangvisazRvra ara marto es mimdevroba, aramed 

samyarosadmi istoriuli midgomac; yvela paradigmaSi istoriuloba 

raRacnairi formiT mainc arsebobs, iqneba es tradiciis dasawyisis (miTis) 

aRwera, qronikebi Tu istoriul-mecnieruli Txzulebebi, romlebic Cvens 

garemoSi imyofebian. 

istoriuli paradigmis ganxorcieleba kosmologiuri miTis aqtualuri 

gadmocemis damTavrebas niSnavs (potenciurad is yvela droSi arsebobda). 

logikurad rom mivyveT paradigmebis mimdevrobas da Semdeg miRebuli sqema 

SevudaroT kosmologiur ambavs, aRmoCndeba, rom Semdegi safexuri aris 

“araferi”, “is, rac iyo manam, sanam qaosi warmoiSoboda”, anu, gaqroba, 

sicariele. 

amasve gveubnebodnen Tanamedrove mecnieruli (fizikuri) kosmogoniebi 

arc Tu ise didi xnis winaT. 

96

mihyavs. 

iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom paradigmulobas sakuTari Tavi daRupvisaken 

magram es ase ar aris. es saocari scenari kidev gvimzadebs moulodnel 

SemTxvevas. amis gaTvalsaCinoebisaTvis sakmarisia Cvens garemos movavloT 

Tvali. 

dReisdReobiT, rodesac paradigmulobis bolo, totaluri forma 

gasrulebulia, ucnauri SemTxvevebis mowmeebi vxvdebiT: Cvens garemoSi 

SesaZlebelia samive paradigmis “cocxlad” Wvreta. erTmaneTis gverdiT 

Tanaarseboben miTiuri (tradiciuli), religiuri (JamTaaRmwerlobiTi) da 

mecnieruli (nacionalisturi) msoflmxedvelobebi. totalurad arcerTi 

maTgani ar aris. maT yvelas “arsebobis Tanabari uflebebi” gaaCniaT. msoflios 

centri aRar aqvs. centri, romelic paradigmis totalurobas ganapirobebs. 

teqnikis gamo centri aris yvelgan, imdenad gaauqmes sivrce informaciul- 

komunikaciurma saSualebebma. erTsa da imave dros xdeba sivrcis 

ganTavisufleba CarCoebidan da misi gauqmeba. 

es gauqmeba ki sxva araferia, Tu ara ganadgurebis, katasrtofis 

ritualuri Sesruleba, romliTac realuri procesia Canacvlebuli; swored 

sivrcis parametrebis (centri-periferia) anulirebis gamo aris SesaZlebeli 

sxvadasxva paradigmebis erTmaneTis gverdiT Tanasworuflebiani arseboba; 

paradigmulobam “aRmoaCina”, rom aqtualuri paradigmisaTvis srulebiT ar 

aris saWiro centris (sivrcis) gageba. amiT is marTalia, kargavs 

totalurobas, romelic aqamde misi aucilebeli niSani iyo, magram es 

danakargi mTlianad nazRaurdeba katastrofis acilebiT, anu, misi maradiuli 

Tan-yofniT (es is mdgomareobaa, romelsac umberto eko maradiul gardamaval 

periods uwodebs, da romlis gatotalurebasac cdilobs Jak derida Tavis 

teqstebSi. Tu eko [tradiciul] gamomZieblad gvevlineba, iseve, rogorc 

97

ekoni da haidegeri, “dekonstruqcivizms”, filosofosobis am axal saxes 

advokatobas anda lobirebas Tu daarqmev). 

swored sivrcis parametrebis anulirebis gamo, SeuZlebeli xdeba 

mxolod sivrcis moazreba, da Cndeba axali aRwerebi, romlebic geo- 

mentalurad warmoidgenen samyaros, radganac cal-calke arc azrovneba da arc 

garemo, sivrce aRar arsebobs. azrovneba imitom, rom azris sayovelTaoba, anu, 

azris transcendenturoba saeWvodaa miCneuli, sivrce ki imitom, rom arc 

ruka da arc am rukis originali, sivrce-buneba aRar arseboben komentarebis 

gareSe. maT dakarguli aqvT TavisTavadi Sinaarsi. samyaros erTaderTi aRwera, 

romelic SesaZlebelia, aris geo-mentaluri deskrifcia, rodesac sivrce 

sakuTari sazRvrebis moazrebaSi, xolo azri sakuTari gavrcelebis sivrceSi 

poulobs gamarTlebas, dadasturebas da centrs. 

katastrofulobis maradiuli Tan-yofna niSnavs katastrofisagan 

maradiul Tavis daRwevas. paradigmuloba, romelic Tavis arsebaSi miTiuria, 

amas aRwevs saukeTeso tradiciebis Sesabamisad _ ritualis saSualebiT. 

Tan-yofna sxva araferia, Tu ara para-deigma. paradigmuloba, romlis 

saqmesac vikvlevT, aris katastrofulobis maradiuli [ritualuri] Tan-yofna. 

amiT xdeba realuri dasasrulis acileba. katastrofis ritualuri Sesruleba 

xdeba katastrifuli ritualebis modelirebiT, romlebic arasodes ar 

mTavrdebian katastrofiT, globaluri katastrofulobis Sesaxeb yviriliT, 

romlebic arasodes ar xdebian. “mcire” katastrofebi, romlebic 

xorcieldebian, imwamsve anulirdebian, Rirebulebas kargaven saerTosa da 

globaluris ganuxorcieleblobasTan SedarebiT(8). 

paradigma sabolood yovlismomcveli xdeba. istoriaSi, anu 

paradigmulobis ganxorcielebis procesSi jer kidev iyo SesaZlebeli 

sayovelTaodan [Tundac iluzoruli] Tavis daRweva uparadigmo movlenis 

aRmoCeniT da masze orientaciiT (rogorc irkveva, esec scenarSi yofila 

98

gaTamaSebuli). dRes aseTi mdgomareoba SeuZlebelia; mojanyes SeuZlia 

mxolod erTi paradigmuli jgufidan (romelsac Tanamedrove azrovneba neo- 

traibs uwodebs) meoreSi, Semdeg mesameSi gadavides da ase usasrulod 

imogzauros Tavisuflebis wamis devnaSi. 

paradigmuloba auqmebs Tavisuflebas, romelic yovelTvis iyo realuri 

katastrofisken swrafva. amiT ixsneba da uqmdeba katastrofis realuroba. 

TandaTan yvelaferi, katastrofulobis kvalad, sruldeba ritualurad. 

paradigmuloba sakuTari magaliTiT gviCvenebs, rom daRupvis sawinaamRdego 

erTaderTi iaraRi aris ritualuri moqmedeba, ritualuri Canacvleba 

(bodriaris mesame rigis simulirebuli) _ ritualis ritualuri Sesruleba. 

am mizans yvelaferi emsaxureba; TamaSi, teqnika _ ai, ori mTavari iaraRi, 

riTac paradigmuloba sakuTar Tavs maradiulad afuZnebs da amiT Cven 

gvSvelis, sicocxles gvinarCunebs. 

am bolo ganxilviT paradigmulobis kidev erTi niSani aRmoCnda: 

sakuTari formis ritualuri Sesrulebisaken swrafva. es mimarTuleba 

mTavrdeba saocar, vagneris operebis msgavss laitmotivebis simravleSi, 

romelic dRes sruldeba da romelSic yvela paradigma saxezea; yvelas aqvs 

SesaZlebloba maT Temebs miadevnos Tvalyuri da CaerTos maTSi (rac 

gardauvalia). 

paradigmuloba saboloo katastofulobas ritualiT upirispirdeba(9). 

paradigmuloba yovelmxriv gvicavs, gvifrTxildeba, gviqmnis karg, 

myudro saxls, romelSic Tavi kargad unda vigrZnoT. is win gvilagebs, 

gadmogviSlis sanaxaobebs (deigma); romel maTganSic ar unda gadavwyvitoT 

Sesvla, yvelgan vigrZnobT mis damcav Tanyofnas. amitom momavlis 

(katastrofis) ar unda gveSinodes. momavlis, romelic Caiketa Sesabamisi 

SelocviT, ritualiT. amjerad _ yvelaferi ukve gansazRvruli da 

winaswarnagulisxmevia awmyoSi. 

99

araferi ar moxdeba iseTi, rac ar momxdara, yvelaferi axla xdeba da 

es axla iqneba maradiuli _ ambobs paradigmuloba. 

es sityvebi Selocvas waagavs. magram Cven am SelocvaSic ar unda 

SevitanoT eWvi. esec mxolod ritualia, Cvens sasikeTod mimarTuli. 

es suraTi, romelic Zalian hgavs hegelis mier Seqmnil sworupovar 

alibis, gvawynarebs da garemos simyudroves gvagrZnobinebs. rac ar unda 

moxdes _ globaluri, damRupveli SemTxveva ar ganxorcieldeba, yvelaferi 

kargad iqneba, sazRvrebi, CarCoebi waiSleba da yvelani erTad, mSvidobianad da 

Zmurad vicxovrebT(10). 

brZola, omi, siyvaruli, kompleqsebi, laparaki, yvelaferi xdeba 

ritualSi. iseve, rogorc daixvewa pirvelyofili ritualebi da 

sisxliRvridan da msxverplTSewirvidan uwyinar moqmedebad iqca, aseve moxdeba 

Cvens garemoSic _ mTavaria mivyveT paradigmulobas da mis xmas yuri 

davugdoT. 

* * * 

“..gmirSi xdeba procesi, romelsac SeiZleba 

vuwodoT paradigmuli dacema. ori elementi, 

gayofili gadaulaxavi sazRvriT.. uecrad erwymis 

erTmaneTs erT saxeSi: xdeba .. SeuZlebeli 

gaerTianeba.” 

rolan barti S/Z 

jer-jerobiT veranairi msxverplis kvali ver aRmovaCineT. es ki niSnavs, 

rom Zaladobas adgili ar hqonia. rogorc Cans, paradigmuloba aramc Tu 

Zaladobs, aramed mTel Tavis Zalauflebas mimarTavs Zaladobis gauqmebisaken, 

misi ritualur sivrceSi gadatanisaken, arsebuli mtkivneuli winaamRdegobebis 

moxsnisaken. 

100

paradigmuloba cdilobs yvelanairi ritualis rituali Seasrulos da 

am moqmedebiT maT mnSvneloba da aqtualoba daukargos. meore donis rituali 

yvelaferSi xorcieldeba _ yvelaferi miiswrafis am mdgomareobisaken: 

adamianis aqtiobis yvala sfero SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc rituali, 

im intersubieqturi xasiaTis gamo, romelic erTi mxriv dafiqsirebulia, 

meore mxriv ki gamocalkevebuli da detalurad damuSavebuli. am fonze, 

rodesac arsebobs wigni megobrobis damyarebis Sesaxeb, wigni seqsis Sesaxeb, 

sxvadasxva teqnikuri gamaZliereblebi da gamaumjobeselebi, romlebic 

ukeTesad da ufro efeqturad asruleben “Tavdapirvel” aqtiobas, moqmedeba 

iqceva ritualis ritualad, romelic ufro kargia, ufro sasiamovnoa, xinjis 

gareSe mimdinareobs. rac mTavaria, yovelTvis arsebobs saSualeba meore rigis 

ritualurobas amoefaro; ganuxorcielebloba daabralo ara sakuTar Tavs, 

aramed teqnikas, romelic srulyofili ar aris, anda TamaSis formulaSi 

daimalo (TamaSi, romelic mogvewodeba kompiuteruli TamaSebiT dawyebuli, 

Tanamedrove sportiT damTavrebuli, sxva araferia, Tu ara meta-rituali, 

ritualis rituali, romelic sruldeba “pirveli”, saerTo, intersubieqtuli 

ritualidan romeliRac momentis gamoyofiT da misi hiperbolizaciiT; ase _ 

kompiuteruli TamaSSi xdeba bavSvis yuradRebis, reaqciis, destruqciulobis 

proeqcia, sportSi _ romelime fizikuri anda gonebrivi aqtiobis damuSaveba 

da a.S.), Tqva, rom yvelaferi TamaSia da avtoritetebad Seqspiri da huizinga 

daasaxelo. 

magram, samyaroSi am mogzaurobiT, romelSic araferi ar aRmoCnda 

paradigmulobis garda, gasxlta raRac, romelic erTi SexedviT 

paradigmulobis Cveulebrivi fenomenia da sxvaTagan arafriT ar gamoirCeva. 

ganxilvis da kvlevis ritualur doneze gadataniT, paradigmulobis 

kuTxeSi migdebuli, rogorc Cveulebrivze ufro Cveulebrivi Zvelmani, 

romlis gadagdeba genaneba bavSvobis mogonebebis gamo, “aRmoCnda” zRapari. 

101

zRapari ratomRac ar aris “dajildoebuli” meore rigis ritualiT, 

Tumca, lamis “pirveli” paradigmis droidan arsebulad iTvleba. 

es eWvis safuZvelia. ratom ar xdeba Cvens garemoSi zRapris kvlav 

ritualuri gaTamaSeba, nuTu misi araseriozulobis gamo? 

paradigmulobam yvelaferi gaaTamaSa, mis yovlad mzrunvel moqmedebas 

araferi ar gamorCa. magram, sakuTriv zRapris kvlav gaTamaSeba ar xdeba. an _ 

xdeba da ver vamCnevT. 

* * * 

„....Кто победил - не помню. 

Должно быть, греки: столько мертвецов 

вне дома бросить могут только греки...“ 

iosif brodski “odisevsi telemaqes” 

zRapari iqmneba paradigmebis sazRvarze, rodesac miTis forma amTavrebs 

arsebobas da horizontze religiuri, anu JamTaaRmwerluri epoqa Cans. 

paradigmulobis erTi formidan meoreze gadasvlisas gansakuTrebuli viTareba 

iqmneba; jer kidev ar aris dasrulebuli erTi paradigmis totaluroba, Tanac 

aqtiurdebian Semdgomis niSnebi. totaluri paradigma xdeba grZnobadi samyaros 

eqvivalenturi: misi SegrZneba-danaxva yvelgan da yvelaferSi SeiZleba. am 

SegrZnebebs “Tavze efareba” axali, momavali paradigmis inteleqtualuri bade: 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am dros inteleqtualuri da empiriuli ebrZvian 

erTmaneTs: axal formebs axal grZnobadobaze aqvT pretenzia, xolo arsebuli, 

gamjdari SegrZnebebi amas mTeli ZalebiT uSlian xels. 

102

savsebiT SesaZlebelia zRapari aseTi marginaluri mdgomareobis 

anareklad CavTvaloT. gansxvavebiT paradigmuli fenomenebisagan is miuTiTebs 

sakuTar ararealurobas. personaJebi, romlebic aqamde mxolod 

kanonSemoqmedebaSi (miTSi) iRebdnen monawileobas, aq JamTaaRmwerluri ambavis 

monawileebi xdebian. miTis SemTxvevebi, romlebic ar Tanaobdnen am samyaroSi 

da iyvnen rogorc arsebuli xdomiebebis ukan, gverdiT, sadRac mdgomni, 

gadmovidnen da grZnobad samyaroSi dasaxldnen. 

magram zRapari mudam aRniSnavs, rom es axali mobinadreni, mTlianad 

samyaro, romelsac is gviyveba, ararealuria. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom zRapari marginaluri arsebaa. is iqmneba zustad 

iq, sadac realobis parametrebi simyares kargaven da ori samyaro erTmaneTs 

ejaxeba. zRapari aqamde atarebs am dajaxebis mkveTr kvals: is erTsa da imave 

dros JamTaarmwerlobaa (jadosnuri zRapris Sinaarsi gmiris biografiaa) da 

miTi (misi personajebi miTis macxovreblebi arian). 

zRapris struqturis da Sinaarsis Sesaxeb bevri dawerila. CvenTvis 

mTavari isaa, rom yvela zRapars, msoflios nebismier kuTxeSi erTi da igive 

ganzomilebebi gaaCnia. 

zRapari arasodes ar kvdeba (mxolod mis Sesaxeb mecnieruli naSromis 

furclebze); man myari adgili daikava bavSvebis aRzrdaSi da misi gaCenis 

dRidan yvela bavSvi, saukuneebis manZilze ismens erTi da igive struqturis 

mqone ambebs. SiZleba iTqvas, rom maT erTnairad uxariaT, erTnairad swuxan da 

Semdeg, rodesac izrdebian, erTnairad Tvlian zRaparis Sinaarss ararealurad 

da araseriozulad. 

zRapris warmoSobis Semdeg masze yuradRebis gamaxvileba marginalur, 

sazRvriT situaciaSi xdeba; religiis da mecnierebis epoqebis sazRvarze amis 

magaliTia Zmebi grimebis Sroma. sazRvriTi gawyoba “qvecnobierad” mimarTavs 

103

adamians zRaparze, rogorc Zvel nacnobze, romelic axal situacias 

Seesabameba da amitom ufro maxlobeli da Rirebuli xdeba. 

zRapari arasodes kvdeba. “uyuradRebeobis” miuxdavad nebismier qveyanaSi 

(garda miTis epoqaSi mcxovrebi tomebisa, romlebisTvisac jer ar damdgara 

zRapris dro) nebismier bavSvs zRapars uyvebian. 

aseTi daJinebuli gameoreba, jiutad erTi da imaves Sesruleba 

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, niSnavs, rom zRapari mniSvnelovani da sayuradReboa 

paradigmulobisaTvis da misi roli bevrad aRemateba damamSvidebelis da 

didaqtikosis rols. 

es maradiuli gameoreba migviTiTebs, rom zRapari aris rituali, 

romelsac paradigmuloba asrulebs. rituali, rogorc CvenTvis cnobili gaxda 

paradigmulobis “mokle istoriidan”, sruldeba rogorc raRacis gameoreba 

(“warmarTuli” ritualebi imeoreben miTiur SemTxvevebs, anu, “gadmoaqvT” 

moqmedeba sivrceSi, romelic im moqmedebam gamoiwvia. ritualis mizani iyo an 

raRacisaTvis xelis Sewyoba, an raRacis destruqcia, dangreva. magiuri 

ritualebi, romelTac Cven dromde moaRwies da romelTa dRes 

ganxorcielebas win aRaraferi daudgeba, orive am funqcias atareben(11). 

zRapari, Tu is ritualia, raRacisken unda iyos mimarTuli. Tqma, rom 

is aris Selocva mimarTuli axali paradigmis ganxorcielebaze, ar iqneba 

amomwuravi pasuxi: radganac maSin sul mcire zRapris ori, erTmaneTis Semdeg 

ganxorcielebuli saxe unda iyos cnobili, da isini erTmaneTs unda cvlidnen 

marginaluri situaciebis Sesabamisad. e.i. jer jadosnuri zRapari unda 

arsebobdes, da Semdeg, mecnierul epoqaSi gardamaval sazRvarze mas 

sayofacxovrebo zRapari unda Caenacvlos. 

magram zRapris es orive forma erTad arsebobs da axal-axali 

variaciebiT kvlav da kvlav iqmnebian. SeiZleba es iyos zRapris, rogorc 

104

itualis mizani, magram zRapris SenarCuneba da yofna aramarginalur epoqebSi 

gvaiZulebs am Selocvis namdvili mizezi sxvagan veZioT. 

* * * 

“mojadoebuli sofeli, jadosnuri mTa, 

zRvis samyaro: los anJelosi garSemortymulia 

am “warmodgeniTi sadgurebiT”, romlebic 

kvebaven realobas, im qalaqis realurobis 

energias, romlis saidumlo mdgomareobs mxolod 

imaSi, rom is sxva araferia, Tu ara Seuwyveteli, 

ararealuri cirkulaciis qseli: fabulis 

proporciebis qalaqi, magram sivrcis, 

anda ganzomilebis gareSe”. 

Jan bodriari “simulirebulebi da simulaciebi” 

zRapari ar aris raimes ganxorcieleba-arganxorcielebisken mimarTuli 

rituali. is imTaviTve gvauwyebs, rom Cven, mis msmenelebs da mkiTxvelebs 

aranamdvilTan, ararealurTan gvaqvs saqme. 

samyaro, romelic zRaparSi aRiwereba, aris Seqmnili ara odesme 

arsebobisaTvis, aramed raRac sxva, gansakuTrebuli miznisaTvis. am samyaroSi 

erTsa da imave “dros” Tanaarseboben Cveni garemos grZnobadi Sinaarsebis 

sxvadasxva gawyobebi, romlebic erTad zRapris garemos qmnian. amitom, 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom zRapari Tavis TavSi moicavs paradigmulobis yvela 

formas. maTi erTianoba qmnis ucnaur garemos, romelic sxva araferia, Tu ara 

Cveni saxlebisagan (romlebSic gvicxovria da vcxovrobT) agebuli Senoba. 

zRapris saocroba da jadosnuroba swored am saxlebis sxva-da-sxva agurebis, 

105

kedlebis jadoqrul urTierTSesabamebaSi mdgomareobs. ase aSenebul saxlSi 

xdeba ambavi, romelsac bavSvobaSi vismenT xolme. 

ratom iqmneba aseTi garemo ritualis Sesasruleblad, jer-jerobiT 

ucnobia.sxva ritualebs paradigmuloba “Cveulebriv” sivrceSi atarebs xolme. 

raki am Selocvis mizezi, mizani ritualis gareT ver vipoveT, is mis 

SinaarsSi ganxorcielebis wesSi unda veZioT; 

jadosnuri zRapris siuJets rom gadavxedoT, masSi saintereso 

kanonzomierebas davinaxavT: is yovelTvis gvevlineba keTili da boroti 

Zalebis brZolad. keTili Zala personificirebulia Zlier da keTilSobil 

gmirSi, boroti ki urCxulSi. urCxuli SeiZleba iyos absoluturi, romelic 

wyaros TavSi zis, SeiZleba fardobiTi _ jadoqari, romelic gmirTan 

sabrZolvelad urCxulis formas iRebs. 

urCxulTan brZola marto zRaparSi ar xdeba. zRapari memkvideobiT 

iRebs am konfliqts miTidan, da aseve memkvidreobis kanoniT gadascems am 

orTabrZolas saraindo romans. es Setakeba Cvens droSic xorcieldeba 

paradigmul fenomenebSi, oRond aq is metaforis CrdilSi imaleba(12) 

urCxulTan brZola kulturis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Temaa, kulturis, 

romelsac laitmotivad zRapari gasdevs. zRapari, am Temis maradiuli 

samyofelia. Tema, romelic sxva da sxva adgilebSi cocxldeba da viTardeba, 

izrdeba _ saWiroebis mixedviT. 

paradigmuloba saocari daJinebiT atarebs am rituals “dasabamidan”. 

ise, rom misi aranairi modifikacia, gadafarva, miviwyeba ar xdeba; Cven yvela 

am rituals erT-erT pirvels vswavlobT. dauZlevel da saSiS 

winaamRdegobasTan Sejaxebisas isev da isev es metafora mogvdis TavSi. Cvens 

warmodgenebSi urCxuli yovelTvis dgas gmiris gzaze, da sikeTis, wesrigis 

gamarjvebisaTvis saWiroa misi mokvla-gandevna. 

106

unda gairkves, Tu ra aris es urCxuli, romlis mokvlis ritualsac 

aTeulobiT saukunea atarebs paradigmuloba. 

* * * 

“mniSvneladi sxvebi individualur 

cxovrebaSi subieqturi realobis 

SenarCunebis mTavar agentebad gvevlinebian” 

bergeri, lukmani “realobis socialuri konstruireba” 

“aviRoT mecxvare ZaRlis Tavi, SevuerTod mas katis Tvalebi, bus 

yurebi, mwevari ZaRlis cxviri, lomis warbebi, beberi mamlis safeTqlebi da 

wylis kus kiseri..” 

leonardo da vinCis am aRweriT cxadi xdeba, rom urCxuli Sedgeba 

sxva da sxva arsebebis nawilebisagan, romlebic erTmaneTTan harmoniul 

kavSirSi arian, ise, rom erT, gansakuTrebul mTlianobas qmnian. 

yvela arseba, romlis atributebsac “sesxulobs” urCxuli, 

gansazRvruli da Cveulia. ZaRli, lomi, mamali, ku _ yvela es fenomeni Cvens 

garemoSia ganlagebuli da aRiqmeba rogorc miRebuli da Sinauri. urCxulSi 

es Cveuli komponentebi uCveulo gawyobad warmogvidgeba. 

urCxuli Sedgeba paradigmuli fenomenebisagan. misi organizmis yoveli 

niuansis gansazRvra SesaZlebelia nacnobi paradigmiT. magram TviTon urCxuli 

aris sxva, vidre am paradigmebis meqanikuri jami. is warmoadgens mTlianobas, 

romlia arc erTi paradigmuli nawili TavisTavadobas ar kargavs, magram, 

miuxedavad amisa, isini erTad garkveul arsebas qmnian(13). 

107

urCxuli principulad sxva arsebobis Sesaxeb gvesaubreba; Tavis TavSi 

sxva-da-sxva paradigmuli fenomenebis gaerTianebiT is sxva arsebobaze 

migviTiTebs, arsebobaze, romelic am paradigmulobaSi ar da ver xorcieldeba: 

aseTi gaerTianeba paradigmulobis katastrofas niSnavs. 

aq ukve SeiZleba paradigmulobis aucileblobasa da sayovelTaobaSi 

eWvis Setana. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi is mogvewodeboda, rogorc erTaderTi 

da gardauvali, Tanac rogorc iseTi ram, rasac SeuZlia katastrofa 

agvacilos da daRupvas gadagvarCinos. 

urCxuli gveubneba, rom SesaZlebelia sxvagvarad yofna, romelic albaT 

dagvaSorebs katastrofulobis maradiul rituals(14). 

urCxuli aris is arseba, razec paradigmuloba Zaladobs saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi. is aris sxva, romlis ganxorcielebasac ebrZvis paradigmuloba. 

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinare urCxulis mokvlis rituali migviTiTebs, 

rom urCxuli ar momkvdara. 

paradigmulobas aqvs ritualuri brZolis gamocdileba, rac warmatebiT 

xorcieldeba katastrofulobis mimarT; katastrofis yoveldRiuri gaTamaSeba 

Tavidan gvacilebs da auqmebs katastrofas. 

paradigmuloba cdilobs urCxulis, rogorc katastrofulobis 

warmoCenas. magram, Tuki urCxuli marTlac katastrofaa, anu wminda negacia 

da sxva araferi, unda arsebobdes ara misi mokvlis, aramed yoveldRiuri 

ganxorcielebis rituali. es ki migviTiTebs, rom urCxuli da katasrofa erTi 

rigis movlenebi arian. 

urCxuli paradigmulobis dasasrulis maniSnebelia. is migviTiTebs sxva 

arsebobaze, romlis SesaZleblobac, rogorc irkveva, arsebobs, da metic, 

paradigmulobis mTeli istoriis manZilze arsebula. 

ukve gasagebi xdeba, ratom iqmneba zRapari paradigmebis sazRvarze; 

urCxulis ganxorcielebis saSiSroeba swored marginalur situaciaSi 

108

arsebobs. maSin, rodesac moSlilia totaluri paradigmis ierarqiuli 

diqtati “gverdiTi” movlenebis mimarT, erTmaneTSi ireva centri da periferia. 

amitom swored sazRvarzea aucilebeli urCxulis mokvlis ritualis 

Catareba; manamde es brZola miTSi mimdinareobs _ gmirebi warmatebiT xocaven 

urCxulebs. magram rodesac centri yanyalebs da totaluri ganwyoba ukve 

aRar gulisxmobs urCxulis mokvlas, paradigmuloba qmnis specialur, 

universalur rituals _ zRapars. 

paradigmuloba urCxuls uqmnis samyofels, am ukanasknelisaTvis nacnob 

sivrces, romelic mis msgavsad Sedgeba grZnobadobis sxvadasxva formebidan. 

amiT paradigmulobas ori kurdRelis daWera aqvs gadawyvetili: erTis mxriv 

is qmnis urCxulis garemos (e.i. paradigmas), meore mxriv ki, klavs urCxuls 

am garemoSi. 

magram, rogorc vTqviT, urCxulis mokvlis maradiuli rituali am 

ritualis araqmediTunarianobas migviTiTebs. 

urCxuli ar eqceva paradigmaSi. piriqiT, is iqcevs Tavis TavSi yvela 

paradigmas da gviCvenebs Tavis Tavs, rogorc paradigmaze, da maSasadame, 

paradigmulobaze ufro mets. amitom zRapari, romlis funqciac urCxulis 

paradigmad yofnaa, ver ipyrobs mas bolomde. 

paradigmuloba iZulebuli gaxda zRapris bolod (urCxulis mokvlis 

Semdeg) gmiris dabruneba SemoeRo: sxvadasxva samyaroebi, rac ar unda gahyve 

maT, yovelTvis mTavrdeba aq, im yofaSi, saidanac gmiri wavida urCxulis 

mosaklavad, da sadac is sabolood dasaxldeba. aseTi gza ki garkveuli 

garemos, samyaros pirveladobas, centralurobas gulisxmobs. 

paradigmulobas zRapris sxvanairi struqtura rom SeemuSavebina, anu, 

saerTod gamoericxa ierarqiulobis momenti (mag. gmiri ar brundeba, zRapari 

ar mTavrdeba), maSin is warmatebiT moklavda urCxuls, magram imav wams axali 

urCxuli gaCndeboda (aseTi viTareba dafiqsirebulia Cinur zRaprebSi, Tumca, 

109

sabolood romelime gmiri mainc brundeba saxlSi. gmiri, romelmac daamarcxa 

urCxuli magram ar darCa urCxulTan erTad), an TviTon paradigma 

gadaiqceoda urCxulad(15) 

urCxulis SiSiT paradigmuloba bolomde ver klavs urCxuls. es ki 

iZleva urCxulis aRmoCenis imeds. Tu ar momkvdara, igi raRacnairi, Tundac 

miCqmaluli da Secvlil saxiT unda cxovrobdes, rogorc istoriaSi, aseve 

Cvens gverdiT. zRapris aqtualoba migviTiTebs, rom urCxuli arsebobs, da 

rom mas paradigmuloba dasdevs da mis sawinaamRdego Selocvas atarebs. 

urCxuli SeiZleba iyos rogorc adamiani, aseve SemTxveva. maTi aRmoCena 

ar iqneba Zneli, Tuki maTi ganadgurebis rituals davakvirdebiT; amgvari 

rituali SeiZleba orgvari iyos: an saerTod daviwyeba da urCxulis aseTi 

gaqroba, anda, gasanadgurebelis yovel wuTs Tvalwin dayeneba, rac igive 

efeqts iwvevs. 

pirveli TvalSi sacemi urCxuli, romelic zRapris axlos imyofeba 

aris TamaSi, romelsac bavSvi TamaSobs, manam sanam es TamaSi gansazRvruli 

wesebis da kanonebis erTianoba gaxdeba. bavSvi TamaSobs “uwesod, uwesrigod”. 

yvelaferi, rasac is aRiqvams da rac mis samyaros warmoadgens, TamaSSi 

harmoniulad erTiandeba da erT arsebad gvevlineba. es TamaSi aris is, rac 

imTaviTve ikrZaleba paradigmulobis mier, romlis aqtualuri gamoxatva 

mSoblebi da aRmzrdelebi arian: “jobia bavSvma sasargeblo TamaSi iTamaSos, 

anda zRapars mousminos”. es fraza ra Tqma unda, mzrunvelobis da 

STamomavlobaze fiqris Sedegia, da amave dros, paradigmulobis dadebuli 

jadoa, romelic urCxulis mokvlis Seswavlisken mouwodebs bavSvebs da 

mSoblebs. 

es is jadoa, romelic sabolood TamaSs aqcevs teqnikad da teqnikurad, 

ritualad, romelic raRacis daxvewas da dauflebas emsaxureba. urCxulis 

ukvdavebas “Tavdapirveli” TamaSi miuTiTebs, romlis Cakvlac maleve xdeba. 

110

urCxuli SeiZleba iyos romelime filosofosi, magaliTad heraklite, 

romlis fragmentebis siWrele da daulagebloba swored urCxulur bunebas 

unda miuTiTebdes. meore mxriv, ganadgurebis rituali aris am fragmentebis 

ontologiur-dialeqtikuri interpretacia, romelic heraklites mxolod 

istoriul safexurad aqcevs, da romelsac mosyidul-motyuebuli 

filosofosebi hegelis (aristoteles?) droidan warmatebiT axorcieleben. 

urCxuli SeiZleba iyos Tundac romelime fraza, debuleba, romelic 

miviwyebuli da miCqmaluria. dakvirvebuli kleviT SeiZleba aRmovaCinoT, rom 

urCxulebiT garSemortymulni varT(16). 

* * * 

“aRmoCnda, rom TeTri qviT 

mokirwyluli gza, romelsac 

mivuyvebodiT, iyo urCxulis kudi” 

h.k.Cestertoni 

erTi SexedviT urCxuli Cvens dRevandel garemos waagavs; Cvens 

samyaroSi, iseve, rogorc urCxulSi, sxva-da-sxva saxis paradigmebi 

Tanaarseboben ierarqiis gareSe. magram urCxulis “umTavresi” maxasiaTebeli 

aris ara es mravalferovneba, aramed gansakuTrebuli Sinagani kavSiri, 

romelic am mravalferovnebidan qmnis sxvas, sxva arsebobas. Cvens garemoSi 

aseTi kavSiri SeuZlebelia; es gaTiSuloba, qaosuri viTareba katasrofulobis 

ritualis aucilebeli nawilia, romlis gareSec paradigmuloba arsebobas 

gaqrobiT daamTavrebs. 

111

Cven WeSmaritad zRaprul garemoSi vimyofebiT. iseve, rogorc zRapari, 

Cveni garemoc Sedgeba sxvadasxva paradigmuli grZnobadi formebisagan, 

romelTa Soris CvenTvis (aseve sxvisTvisac) mTavroben isini, romlebSic Cven 

(agreTve sxvebic) vcxovrobT. 

aseTi garemo, Tavisi zRaprulobis gamo, aRniSnavs, xazs usvams garSemo 

myofis ararealurobas da umniSvnelobas. garemos zRapruloba, zRapari, 

ganxorcielebuli ritualebis kvlav ritualuri SesrulebiT, aris garanti, 

rom aq dabadebuli urCxuli araseriozulad iqnes aRqmuli da sabolood 

ganadgurdes(17). 

am uyuradRebobiT urCxuli jadovdeba. urCxuli romlis dabadebac 

aravis ukvirs, da rodesac ar arsebobs sarke, romelSic urCxuli Tavis 

urCxulobas daakvirdeba, ijerebs Tavis Cveulebriobas, da raki masSi yvela 

formaa, erT-erTi paradigmuli arseba xdeba. rac ufro didxans rCeba 

urCxuli am erT, romelime formaSi, miT ufro Zneli xdeba misi namdvili 

arsebis SemCneva-dabruneba: sxva paradigmuli Sinaarsebi atrofirdebian da is 

Cveulebrivze ufro Cveulebriv movlenad iqceva. 

es aris paradigmulobis bolo, kargad gaTvlili da amave dros, 

ganwiruli nabiji. “Cvens garemomde” ar xdeboda urCxulTan pirispir 

Sexvedra; paradigmulobas yovelTvis mzad hqonda totaluri paradigma, 

romelic urCxuls periferiaze agdebda. dRes totaluri paradigma, Tuki 

saerTod SeiZleba mis Sesaxeb vilaparakoT, aris zRapari, romelSic urCxuli 

centraluri personaJia. arc is ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom Cvens droSi 

parodiuli zRaprebis Seqmna daiwyo (boroti boroti ar aris da aucileblad 

gamoswordeba, anda, aseT “sabavSvo” zRaprebSi saerTod ar aris borotebis 

Tan-yofnis aucilebloba). 

112

paradigmulobis ormxrivi politika, yvelafris ritualad qcevasa da 

urCxulis ritualuri mokvlisaken mimarTuli, gaerTianda: urCxuli aRmoCnda 

im ritualSi, romelic erTaderTi realobaa. 

Cven garSemortymuli varT maqciebiT, romlebis erTi mxriv Cveulebrivi 

paradigmuli fenomenebi arian, meore mxriv ki urCxulebi. Tuki kargad 

davakvirdebiT, urCxuls davinaxavT. magram sxva sakiTxia, moxerxdeba Tu ara 

ase _ urCxulebis ganjadoeba. 

ar SeiZleba, da fuWi Sromaa urCxuli struqturebis, ideebis da 

paradigmebis doneze eZebo. struqtura, forma, idea, paradigmulobis movlenebi 

arian. urCxuli maT Soris sxlteba(18). 

adamianis aqtiobis yvela sferoSic unda arsebobdnen maqciebi. uazrobaa 

universaluri Selocvis damuSaveba, romlis wakiTxvisTanave xidan, wignidan, 

saxlidan, cidan, Cvengan, urCxulebi daiwyeben gamosvlas. aseTi kanonebisaTvis 

zrunva isev paradigmulobaSi Cagvagdebs, romelic zogadobebis da wesebis 

saufloa. 

yoveli urCxuli cal-calke unda ganjadovdes. es ki upirveles 

yovlisa konkretuli adamianis saqmea, oRond ara im adamianis, romlis 

Sesaxebac eqsistencialuri filosofia, anda hermenevtika laparakobs. es (mag. 

Da-sein-uri azrovneba) azrovnebs konkretulis Sesaxeb da amiT auqmebs mas. 

* * * 

“%^&^%798870^&^%^&%$$%&^ 

113

)(*()&*&^*&^%&&*(*7878$%^%” 

*&^789 

paradigmuloba aRmoCnda moZalade. ZaladobaSi xelis SemwyobTa Soris 

filosofiac moeqca. filosofiis saSualebiT mosyiduli Tu motyuebuli 

gamomZieblebi da advokatebi amkvidrebdnen Zaladobas yvelgan da yvelaferSi 

(am damkvidrebis kulminacia aris dekonstruqcivizmi, romelic diskursebis 

[Zaladobebis] simravles uwyobs xels. amis Sedegad yvela adgili ukve 

Zaladobis [diskursuli] adgili xdeba)(19). 

paradigmulobam Tavisive Seqmnil kanons “daujera”, raki mis alibis 

swored aseTi konkretuli adamianebi qmnidnen, sxvebze Tavi aRar Seuwuxebia. 

filosofiam danaSauli unda gamoisyidos da darCenili dro 

urCxulebis ganjadoebas unda moaxmaros. oRond es ganjadoeba unda moxdes 

ara konkretulis Sesaxeb azrovnebiT (aseTi mimarTuleba, rogorc vnaxeT, 

aucileblobiT iwvevs paradigmulobis alibis Seqmnas), aramed imis Sesaxeb 

laparakiT rac paradigmulobas “gverdiT” rCeba, rogorc yvelgangamWolobis 

da yovliSemZleobis safasuri(20). 

114

SeniSvnebi yofierebis da cnobierebis esTtikis damatebisaTvis: 

1. paradigma _ para _ gverdiT, deigma _ magaliTi, nimuSi, Cveneba _ 

aris is, rac movlenis, SemTxvevis gverdiT dgas da aCvenebs, amtkicebs mas 

rogorc magaliTs da nimuSs. is aZlevs fenomens magaliTad yofnis Zalas. 

Zalauflebis aseTi miniWeba ki nimuSs, magaliTs amravlebs da SemTxvevebis 

ganmsazRvrelad, xdomilebis aucilebel wesad aqcevs. 

paradigma gvevlineba rogorc wesi, kanoni, romlis mixdviTac ewyoba 

garemo, romlis mixedviTac Cvens garemoSi raRaca xdeba. 

aseTi ganmartebiT _ paradigmebi arian samyaros kanonebi, miTebi, 

yvelaferi is, rac SemTxvevis ganxorcielebis wess gansazRvravs. 

paradigma -para _ gverdiT, deigma _ sanaxaoba, bazroba, aris is, rac 

sanaxaobis, xilulis gverdiT dgas da gvixsnis mas. anu, apirobebs mis aseTad 

da ara sxvagvarad aRqmas. am SemTxvevaSi paradigma msoflmxedvelobrivi 

fenomenia, is, rac aris msoflmxedvelobis, anu, samyaroSi Semomxvedrebis 

garkveuli interpretaciis safuZveli. 

paradigmis am modusis magaliTebia istoriuli epoqebi. yvelaze zerele 

ganxilviTac ki istoria kacobriobis cxovrebis gzas sam periodad 

warmogvidgens; antikuri xana, Sua saukuneebi, axali dro. droSi gaSlili 

adamianebis moqmedebebis etapebad dayofis safuZveli arissxva da sxva 

msoflmxedveloba. am msoflmxedvelobebze dayrdnobiT yoveli epoqis adamiani 

sxvadasxvanairad aRiqvams samyaros. 

paradigmebis am ori mniSvnelobis SejerebiT miviRebT, rom paradigma 

aris arsebulis gverdiT mdgari. is, rac aiZulebs arsebuls iyos aseTi, da 

ara sxvanairi. es iZuleba movlenis da sanaxaobis gerdiT dgomiT, mudmivi 

kontroliT xorcieldeba. erTi mxriv, paadigma aris scenari, meore mxriv ki, 

115

is, vinc am scenaris zust ganxorcielebas Tvalyurs adevnebs, is, vinc mudam 

imyofeba movlenebis gverdiT. 

raki paradigma yvelganmyofi da yvelgangamWolia, is raRac zogad da 

saerTo fenomens unda warmoadgendes. magram, amave dros arseboben konkretuli 

paradigmebi, iqnebian es aknonebi Tu msoflmxedvelobebi. amitom, “cnebaTa 

aRreva” rom aviciloT Tavidan, im zogads da saerTos SeiZleba paradigmuloba 

vuwodoT. 

paradigmuloba, es makontrolebeli da sakuTari ganxorcielebisaTvis 

mzrunveli arseba, rogorc Cans, sami “formiT” gamoixateba: 1. paradigmuloba 

gveubneba, rom samyaro xdeba kanonebis (paradigmebis) mixedviT; 2. 

paradigmuloba gveubneba rom istoria aris paradigmebis monacvleoba; 3. 

paradigmuloba gveubneba, rom paradigma aris aucilebeli da gardauvali. 

gavyveT TiToeuli am debulebis kvals da vnaxoT, rogor xdeba maTi 

ganxorcieleba, rogor xdeba am sami ZiriTadi “wesis” CvenSi Semosvla. 

pirveli “formis” ganxorcieleba iwyeba miTebis qmnadobasTan erTad. 

(manamde “ra xdeboda” SeuZlebelia CavwvdeT, momxdaris kvali vnaxoT da 

gavyveT). Cveni gamocdilebis pirveli mocemuloba aris miTi. 

miTi aris SemTxveva, romelic xorcieldeba gansazRvrul sivrceSi sul, 

drois mdinarebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe ramdenime Tanasworuflebiani 

subieqtis mier. magaliTad, “persefonas miTi” aris SemTxveva, romelSic 

monawile personaJebi weliwadis droTa monacvleobas gansazRvraven. es ambavi 

xorcieldeba yovel weliwads. 

miTi gevlineba rogorc magaliTi, nimuSi, romlis mixedviTac Sesabamisi 

movlena xdeba. 

aseTive struqtura gaaCnia imasac, rasac Cvens garemoSi kanoni ewodeba; 

yoveli kanoni SemosazRvravs Tavisi moqmedebis sivrces da xdeba masSi, drois 

116

miuxdavad. anu, kanoni gevlineba magaliTad, romlis mixedviTac 

xorcieldebian, an unda ganxorcieldnen Sesabamisi movlenebi. 

kanonebi (albaT miTebic) “aRmoCndebian” xolme. magram is, rac aseTi 

gawyobis saSualebas iZleva, rac gvaiZulebs samyaros rogorc asxmuls, 

wesrigs, kosmoss, anda rogorc naqsovs, teqsts vuyuroT da masSi “bolomde” 

kanonebis arseboba vigulisxmoT, aris paradigmuloba. 

paradigmuloba migviTiTebs rom yvelaferi raRac wesis mixedviT 

xocieldeba, is, rac yoveli movlenis gverdiT dgas da amtkicebs mas rogorc 

magaliTis, nimuSis, erT-erT kerZo SemTxvevas. 

paradigmulobis meore “forma” sxva doneze moqmedebs. misi sfero 

adamianebis urTierTobis da urTierTmoqmedebis ganzomilebaa. anu, sanaxaobis, 

bazrobis aRqmis sivrce. bazroba aris adgili sadac yvelaferi warmodgenilia, 

manufaqturuli nawarmidan Teatralur sanaxaobamde. aseTi siWrele da 

mravalferovneba kargad gadmoscems garemos xasiaTs, Sinaarss. garemo, 

romelic mosawesrigebeli da dasalagebelia, Tundac imitom, rom bazrobis 

stumars Tav-gza ar aebnes da yayanSi gza gaikvlios. 

samyaros bazrobaSi gzis sakvlevis, gidis rols msoflmxedveloba 

asrulebs. am “cnobariT” SeiaraRebuli mogzauri daculia 

moulodnelobebisagan, da icis, sanaxaobis romel nawilSi ra daxvdeba. 

msoflmxedveloba miuTiTebs sakuTar matarebels ra gaakeTos, ra iyidos, ras 

miaqcios yuradReba da ra CaTvalos umniSvnelod. 

rogorc ukve vTqviT, msoflmxedvelobebi istoriaSi arsebuli epoqebis 

mixedviT SeiZleba sam “tipSi” gavaerTianoT; am sam sanaxaobas sami sxvadasxva 

istoriuli periodi _ antikuroba, Sua saukuneebi da axali dro Seesabameba. 

am sam “cnobars”, “gzamkvlevs” SeiZleba “miTi”, “religia” da “mecniereba” 

vuwodoT. 

117

yovel maTgans sanaxaobis aRweris da maSasadame gagebis sakuTari, 

sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli wesi gaaCnia. magram srulebiT ar aris aucilebeli 

romelime erT bazobaze yvelas erTi da igive gzamkvlevi ekavos xelSi. 

savsebiT SesaZlebelia vinmem, sadRac ori, an sami gzamkvleviTac ki iaros. am 

SemTxvevaSi is mogvagonebs turist-bibliofils, romelsac, axali bukletebis 

gamosvlis Semdegac Zvelis gadagdeba enaneba. misi gamocdili Tvali amCnevs im 

niSnebs, romlebic axal gzamkvlevSi ar meordeba _ iqneba es gauqmebuli 

marSruti Tu dangreuli sastumro. 

jer-jerobiT paradigmulobis am mxriv moqmedebac gairkva; is 

mdgomareobs ara imdenad romeliRaca konkretuli msoflmxedvelobis 

aucilebel arsebobaSi, aramed saerTod, sanaxaobis msoflmxedvelobrivi 

“interpretaciis” aucileblobaSi. “Sens winaSe sami wignia, airCie romelic 

ginda!” 

ase _ cxadi xdeba paradigmulobis aqtiobis ori sfero, romlebic 

erTad samyaros qmnian. aseTi ganxilviT paradigmas moqmedebisaTvis sxva 

adgili aRar rCeba. mesame forma, romelic dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, aris 

paradigmulobis ara fenomenuri daxasiaTeba, aramed paradigmulobis arsebobis 

wesi, romelic gvauwyebs, rom is aris scenari. 

paradigma _ para _ gverdiT, deigma _ magaliTi, nimuSi, sanaxaoba, 

bazroba _ aseTi ganxilviT warmogidgeba, rogorc movlenata da SemTxvevaTa 

gverdiT mdgomi, mudam Tanmyofi, ganmsazRvreli. 

scenari winaswar awesebs moqmedebis gegmas, iTvaliswinebs yvela 

SesaZleblobas, niuanss, gvazlevs mosaxdenis detalur aRweras. scenari ar 

aris gegma _ zogadi monaxazi, romelSic momavali SemTxveva unda moeqces. arc 

_ reziume _ informacia ZiriTadi azris Sesaxeb. 

118

scenari aris zusti da Seuvali ganmsazRvreli, romelic awesebs 

movlenaTa urTierTganlagebas, rogorc erTmaneTis gverdiT, aseve erTmaneTis 

Semdeg. 

paradigma, rogorc scenari moiTxovs piruTvnel morCilebas. erTi 

SexedviT es moTxovna zedmeti unda iyos; Tuki paradigma erTi mxriv 

gvevlineba rogorc kanonebi da miTebi, xolo meore mxriv, rogorc 

msoflmxedvelobebi, Cvens garemoSi sxva araferi arsebobs. aseTi ganxilviT 

paradigmuloba aris gardauvali aucilebloba, romlis gareSec araferi ar 

arsebobs da romlis ar miyolac ubralod SeuZlebelia. 

magram kvlevis da kvalze siarulis farTo gamocdileba gveubneba, rom 

zedmetad damtkicebuli alibi, daJinebuli miTiTeba udanaSaulobaze 

yovelTvis iwvevs eWvs da yovelTvis qmnis ganwyobas eZebo raRac, am 

daungreveli alibis ukan, is, erTi SexedviT SeuZlebeli danaSauli, romelic 

alibis mflobelma Caidina, da romelic ostaturad imaleba “sxva variantis 

SeuZleblobis” ukan. 

scenari, rogorc ukve aRvwereT, aris Zaladoba movlenebze, maTi 

mxolod erTi, garkveuli gziT wayvana da sxva mimarTulebis gamoricxva. 

SesaZlebelia, raki paradigma ZiriTadi parametrebiT emTxveva scenars da 

scenurobas, is Zaladobis momentis Semcvelic iyos. 

Tavisuflebis filosofiuri kvlevis istoriidan CvenTvis cnobilia 

misi, rogorc Segnebuli aucileblobis gansazRvreba. SeiZleba esec 

paradigmulobisaTvis alibis Seqmnaa, romelic hegelis did avtoritets 

efareba. SeiZleba aseTive rigis movlenebad aRmoCndnen is msjelobebi, 

romlebic gviyvebian, rom Tavisufleba yovelTvis aris Tavisufleba raRacidan 

(hartmani), anda man-idan (haidegeri). aseve, Tanamedrove filosofiis erT-erTi 

ZiriTadi mimarTuleba, romelic centraluri diskursis gauqmebisaTvis iRwvis 

da am mxares moZraobas erTaderT SesaZlebel gamosavlad acxadebs (derida). 

119

SesaZlebelia, gaCenili eWvis fonze, yvela es debuleba 

paradigmulobisaTvis alibis Seqmnis nebiTi Tu uneblie surviliT iyos 

gamowveuli. 

isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom “realurad” paradigmuloba aravis ar 

gamouZaxebia sasamarTloze. “sasamarTlomde” yvirilia atexva, avtoritetebis 

moxmoba, mtkiceba, rom Zaladoba ar momxdara da arc SeiZleboda momxdariyo, 

imitom rom Zaladobis obieqti ar arsebobs da arc SeiZleba arsebobdes, 

damafiqrebelia. 

amitom es kvleva-Zieba unda daiwyos. savsebiT SesaZlebelia 

paradigmuloba udanaSaulo aRmoCndes. aseTi deteqtiuri qronika CvenTvis 

cnobilia martin haidegeris Sromebis saxiT, romelmac tradiciuli 

skurpulozurobiT gamoikvlia yofierebis gagebis saqme, Ziramde Caswvda mas. 

daskvna, romelic am Rrma da safuZvliani gamoZiebis gvirgvinia, gveubneba, rom 

sxva yofierebis gageba ar arsebobs da ar SeiZleba arsebobdes. rac niSnavs, da 

es ukve informaciaa Cveni gamoZiebisaTvis, Zaladobis faqts adgili ar hqonia. 

TiTqosda yvelaferi naTelia. magram gamoZieba mainc Casatarebelia. 

magram ara im kvalze siaruliT, romelic ukve gamoikvlia germanelma 

filosofosma. am ukve Catarebul gamoZiebaSi eWvis Setana, an mis logikaSi, 

anda miukerZoeblobaSi, sasaciloa. me unda gamoviZio ara paradigmulobis gza, 

aramed sxvis kvali, romelic, Tuki arsebobs, aucileblad aRmoCndeba Zaladbis 

msxverpli. anu, misakvlevia is sxva, romelic ar jdeba paradigmis arcerT 

modelSi, mis arcerT diskursSi, arcerT mis procesSi. Zieba unda miemarTos, 

pirdapir da yovelgvari gadaxvevebis gareSe, dazaralebulis Zebnas. Tuki es 

sxva ar arsebobs, es faqti Cvens gverdiT mdgomis udanaSaulobas kidev 

erTxel daadasturebs. 

120

2. miTi aris Tanasworuflebiani subieqtebis moqmedebis samyaro. oRond es 

subieqti aris ara “yoveli”, aramed swored is, romelic sxvebis gverdiT am 

ambavSi monawileobs. 

CvenTvis am epoqidan yvelaze ufro axlobeli antikuri xanis berZnuli 

kulturaa. am kulturis SigniT rom mimovixedoT, aRmovaCenT, rom am viTomda 

absolutur miTiurobaSi uecrad Cndebian movlenebi, romlebic aranairad ar 

“jdebian” arsebul scenarSi da sxva wesrigis Sesaxeb gvesaubrebian. 

3.aseTia samyaros religiuri suraTi. samyaro aRiwereba rogorc RmerTis 

moqmedebis gamovlena arsebobis sxvadasxva doneze. ra Tqma unda, 

“individualur”, yoveldRiur msoflmxedvelobaSic Zireuli cvlileba xdeba; 

cxovrebis wesi aRar aris dialogi, an polilogi, aramed monologi. 

yuradReba gadadis konkretul subieqtze. (amis sailustracioT ix. qronikebi 

da saraindo romanebi, agreTve wmindanTa cxovrebebi). 

4.(SeiZleba am pirvel, anda, ufro sworad pirvel-wvdomad sxvaoba-siaxleSi 

Zevs antikuri filosofiis saidumloebis da xiblis lomis wili, romelic 

dResac sagrZnobia da maradiuli dabrunebisaken gvibiZgebs). 

5.aseTi msoflmxedvelobis Sedegi aris mecniereba (an piriqiT _ empiriulad 

rogor xdeboda am struqturebis warmoqmna, am teqstisaTvis ara aqvs 

mniSvneloba).mecniereba moiTxovs erTxel da samudamod dadgenil subieqts, 

romlis sakvlevadac is mimarTavs Tavis Zalebs. aseTi subieqti, axali 

msoflaRqmis mixedviT aris samyaro. sxva-da-sxva mecnierebebi swored am 

sagnis sxva da sxva nawilebis istorias swavloben (istorias imitom, rom 

sxvanairi mecnieruli kvleva, anu kvleva, romelic am msoflmxedvelobis 

wiaRSi daibada, warmoudgenelia. mxolod sagnis warmoSobis, ganviTarebis da 

dasasrulis codniT gveZleva sakvlevis mecnieruli arseba). 

6.struqturebis am monacvleobaSi paradigmulobis yvela formis aRmoCena 

SeiZleba; pirveli gawyoba emTxveva mecnierul, anu istoriul 

121

msoflmxedvelobas, romelic samyaros erT mTlian organizmad warmogvidgens 

da romelic mxolod am erTianobas Tvlis istoriis subieqtobis Rirsad. 

meore “siuJeti” religiuri, anu JamTaaRmwerluri ideologiis igiveobrivia, 

romelSic konkretuli subieqtia aRiarebuli samyaros Semqmnelad da 

istoriaSi moqmedaT. mesame ambavSi miTis aRnagobas vxedavT, romlis 

mixedviTac samyaro ramdenime Tanasworuflebiani subieqtis moqmedebis Sedegia. 

7.aseTi, droebiT uparadigmi movlenebi yvela istoriaSi unda arsebobdnen. 

amas, ra Tqma unda, kosmogoniuri miTi ganapirobebs. iq, sadac aseTi ambavi ar 

aris mocemuli, uparadigmo movlenebsac ver SevamCnevT. aseTi kultura erTis 

mxriv SeiZleba gaxistebul, gaqvavebul formad, meore mxriv ki, 

paradigmulobis srul formalur gamovlenad CavTvaloT, romelSic paradigma 

erTsa da imave dros, erTi da igive formiT, erTi da igive fenomenebiT, aris 

kanonic da msoflmxedvelobac. 

8.Cvens garemoSi realuradaa mocemuli paradigmulobis yvela niSani, forma da 

modusi. anu, is sabolood xorcieldeba _ xelSesaxebi da gverdiT mdgomi 

xdeba. ar arsebobs mdgomareoba, romelic aRiwereba Cvens garemoSi da 

romelsac ver movunaxavT paradigmas. 

9.paradigmulobis paradigmuli gamocdileba ritualis saSualebiT am 

ritualis sivrcis gareT myofis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb gvesaubreba. es aris 

uebari wamali-saSualeba Tavi aSkara safrTxeSi ar Caigdo da Tanac mazans 

miaRwio. 

10.es mxolod sityvebi ar aris; evropis saxelmwifoebs Soris sazRvrebis 

gaqarwyleba da intermecnieruli disciplinebis gamoCena horizontze am 

procesis dasawyisis utyuari niSania. 

11.rituali aris moqmedeba aqtivaciisatvis, warmatebiT dasrulebisaTvis, 

maSin, rodesac uSualod ver erevi da realuri ambis realuri Tanamonawile 

ver xdebi. anu, rituali erTis mxriv aRSinavs uZlurebas, meore mxriv mZafr 

122

dainteresebas (rogorc es ukve vnaxeT, paradigmulobis da katastrofulobis 

emTxvevaSi; paradigmuloba verafers ver uxerxebs katastrofulobas, radgan 

is paradigmulobis nawili da “logikuri” Sedegia. amisatvis paradigmuloba 

asrulebs katastrof[is]ul ritualebs, raTa saxelis mudmivi gameorebiT 

seqmnas katastrofis iluzia da amiT realuri katastrofa aicilos, 

umniSvnelo da ganuxorcielebeli gaxados). 

12.urCxulTan brZola politikaSi mimdinare procesebis aRmniSvneli gaxda; 

SeiZleba ebrZolo faSizmis urCxuls, sibnelis urCxuls, bolos da bolos, 

leviaTans. 

13.paradigmebis aseTi erToba principulad gansxvavdeba paradigmulobis bolo 

gawyobidan, romelsac Cvens garemoSi vakvirdebiT: rogorc ukve vnaxeT, Cvens 

garemoSi yvela paradigma moicema, magram maTi gaerTianeba erT organizmSi ar 

xdeba. piriqiT, aseTi mocemuloba maqsimaluri daSlilobisaken da 

ucentrobisakenaa mimarTuli. es mimarTuloba aris swored id rituali, 

romelic katastrofis winaamRdeg tardeba. katastrofa xom sxva araferia, Tu 

ara centris gauqmeba-dakargva da nawilebis TavisTavadi tivtivi cariel 

sivrceSi. 

14.es miTiTeba “guSin” Seqmnili ar aris: urCxuli Cveni yofnis iseTive Zveli 

personaJia, rogorc miTi. aseve, kulturis erT-erTi uZvelesi Temaa urCxulis 

mokvla-Caketva (romelic aucileblad unda ganxorcieldes, sanam miTiuri 

RmerTebis ierarqia Camoyalibdeba), romlis ritualic Cvens droSic 

xorcieldeba. paradigmulobas ar ezareba am ritualis Catareba. 

15.am xinjiani cixis gamo, romelic paradigmulobam urCxuls Seuqmna, 

urCxulis mokvlaar xerxdeba. ase rom ar iyos, ra saWiroaam ritualis aseTi 

daJinebiT “zepiroba”. 

123

16.magram es istoriuli interesia, romelic axals verafers SegvZens. saWiroa 

vnaxoT, Tu ra xdeba dRes, Cvens garemoSi. rogoria paradigmulobis, 

urCxulis da Selocvis saqme. 

17.Cveni arseboba, romelic Semwynareblobisaken da “kulturaTa dialogisaken” 

mogviwodebs, aris bolo maxe, romelic paradigmulobam urCxuls daugo, da 

bolo xerxi, romliTac mas urCxulis sabolood damarcxebis imedi aqvs. Cvens 

garemoSi, romelic principulad ritualuria, xdeba, realurad, zRapris 

ganxorcieleba. es is sivrcea, romelSic urCxuli sabolood unda mokvdes. 

urCxuli, gveubneba paradigmuloba, aris omebi, nacionalizmi, mafia, romelsac 

axali azrovnebiT, SemwynareblobiT, axali wesrigisaken mimarTulebiT unda 

moverioT. zRapris aseTi gaTamaSebiT, am fsevdo-urCxulebTan (rmlebsac aSkara 

paradigmuli xasiaTi aqvT) dapirispirebiT, xerxdeba mTeli samyaros CarTva am 

fsevdo-brZolaSi, am n xarisxis ritualSi. amis Sedegad, namdvili urCxuli, 

romelic ibadeba da aris, uyuradRebod rCeba. 

18.aseTi maqcia aris rojer jeliaznis “amberis qronikebi”, romelmac moaxerxa 

Fantasy-dan (Tanamedrove zRapris totaluri formidan) Tavis daRweva: gaauqma 

dasasruli, dabruneba da Tavisi Txroba principulad usasrulo gaxada. 

aseTive maqcia aris inflaciuri kosmologia, romelic Tavs aRwevs 

tradiciuli Teoriuli fizikis aucilebeli dasasrulis mtkicebas da 

mTlianad samyaros dausruleblobas da usawyisobas uwesebs. aseT samyaroSi 

maradiulad iqmneba axal-axali mikro-samyaroebi, sxva-da-sxva mimarTulebiT da 

sxva-da-sxva kanonebis mqone. 

19.is filosofia, romelic laparakobda trancendentalur apercepciaze, Da- 

sein-ze, am gamoZiebis Sedegad diskreditirebuli aRmoCnda. paradigmulobam 

filosofiis daxmarebiT yvelaferi SeWama, rac zogadis da sayovelTaobis 

saxeliT iyo cnobili. magram, misi yovlisSemZleoba amave dros misi sisustec 

aRmoCnda. mas daaviwyda, xeli aRar miuwvda konkretul adamianze, ara Da-sein- 

124

ze, aramed vinme “X”-ze, “Y”-ze, konkretuli saxelisa da gvaris mqone 

pirovnebaze, romelic, raki is zemoT naxsenebi zogadobis kerZo SemTxvevadaa 

gamocxadebuli, daculi iyo paradigmulobis datrymebisagan. 

20.filosofiam unda imetyvelos konkretuli adamianis Sesaxeb, konkretuli 

adamianidan. unda aRiweros ara Da-sein-i, anda “raRacnairi” subieqti, anda 

iseTi pirovneba, romelSic raimes (mag. filosofiis) obieqtivacia xdeba. 

aramed, Tundac, roJer Jeliaznis, anda iuda iskariotelis Sesaxeb. 

125

yofierebis esTetika

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?