ISBN 978-9941-0-3353-7

ISBN 978-9941-0-3353-7

andro torotaZe 

ieso nazareveli, Ze kacisa 

(biografiisaTvis) 

wigni gamosacemad moamzada sagamomcemlo saxlma 

`torotaZe~

sarCevi 

winasityvaoba ...................................................................... 5 

ramdenime mosazreba iesos gamzrdelis ioseb 

nazarevelisa da misi ojaxis Sesaxeb................................ 7 

ramdenime mosazreba iesos dabadebis TariRisa da 

adgilis Sesaxeb .................................................................23 

ramdenime mosazreba iesos jvarcmisa da pontius 

pilates rolis Sesaxeb .....................................................41 

ramdenime mosazreba ioseb arimaTielisa da iesos 

aRdgomis Sesaxeb ...............................................................54 

sagamomcemlo saxli `torotaZe~ ....................................81 

4

winasityvaoba 

saerTo aRiarebiT, axali aRTqma ar warmoadgens is- 

toriul dokuments da, amdenad, misgan Znelia ieso naza- 

revelis cxovrebis Sesaxeb utyuari biografiuli cno- 

bebis mopoveba. miuxedavad amisa, Cven SevecadeT axal 

aRTqmaSi arsebuli mwiri informaciis safuZvelze Tavi 

mogveyara Cveni mosazrebebisaTvis iesos cxovrebis ama 

Tu im epizodTan dakavSirebiT. 

xazgasmiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom Cvens mier gamoTqmuli 

mosazrebebi Tavisi SinaarsiT istoriuli kvlevis kat- 

egorias ganekuTvneba da darwmunebuli varT, rom mkiTx- 

velic Seafasebs mas, rogorc mcired istoriul Ziebas. 

aqve imasac davamatebT, rom Cven ar varT pionerebi ms- 

gavsi xasiaTis kvlevaSi, Tumca qarTul enaze aseTi Si- 

naarsis istoriuli Ziebani ver movipoveT. 

ilustraciebad gamoyenebuli suraTebi, ra Tqma unda, 

pirobiTi xasiaTisaa. 

5 

avtori

amdenime mosazreba iesos gamzrdelis ioseb 

nazarevelisa da misi ojaxis Sesaxeb 

saxarebidan cnobilia, rom nazareTis sinagogaSi adgilo- 

brivi mcxovrebni, iesos axal swavlebas rom ismenen, erTma- 

neTs gakvirvebulni ekiTxebian iesos Sesaxeb. ukvirT, Tu vin 

misca mas, xuros Svils, qadagebis ufleba. „gana xuros Svili 

ar aris? da gana dedamiss ar hqvia mariami, xolo mis Zmebs ia- 

kobi da iose, simoni da iuda?“ (maTe, XIII. 55) „da gana CvenTan 

ar arian misi debi?“ (maTe, XIII. 56). nazarevelTa am msjelo- 

baSi sainteresoa is, rom isini axseneben iesos da_Zmebs. bune- 

brivad Cndeba kiTxva, vin arian „misi Zmebi“, iakobi da iose, 

simoni da iuda? vin arian „misi debi“ (savaraudod, mariami da 

solomonia)? ra genealogiuri kavSiria maTsa da iesos Soris? 

nazarevelTa monayolis mixedviT faqtia, rom isini iosebis da 

mariamis ojaxis wevrebad iTvlebian. visi Svilebi arian isini? 

rogor gagrZelda maTi cxovreba iesos gardacvalebis Semdeg? 

axali aRTqma iosebsa da mariamze da maT mravalSvil- 

ian ojaxze Zalian mwir informacias gvawvdis (markozi, VI. 3); 

(luka, IV. 22). Cven SevecdebiT ramdenime mosazreba gamovTqvaT 

maTi ojaxisa da cxovrebis Sesaxeb. 

cnobilia, rom ieso 12 wlis iyo, iosebma da mariamma ieru- 

salimSi rom waiyvanes salocavad (luka, II. 42) da 30 wlis iyo, 

roca ioanem iordaneSi ganaTla (luka, III. 23). Cveni azriT, 

iesos iordaneSi ganaTvlis momentisTvis iosebi 1_2 wlis gar- 

dacvlili unda yofiliyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom im droisT- 

vis, roca iesom qadageba daiwyo, iosebs awmyo droSi moixse- 

nieben (ioane, IV. 42). iosebis awmyoSi moxsenieba swored axlo 

warsulSi mis gardacvalebaze unda metyvelebdes. iosebis am 

periodSi gardacvalebaze mianiSnebs is, rom iesos xalxSi gasv- 

lamde da qadagebis dawyebamde (ioane, II. 4) ramdenime xniT adre 

7

8 

igi, iosebi, kanaSi qorwilSi ar 

aris miwveul stumrebs Soris. 

„qorwili iyo galileas kanaSi 

da iyo iq iesos deda“ (ioane, II. 

1). „qorwilSi miwveuli iyvnen 

iesoc da misi mowafeebic“ (io- 

ane, II. 2) da „Zmebi misi“ (ioane, 

II. 1, 2). mariami qmris, iosebis, 

gareSea misuli stumrad, sa- 

varaudod, imitom, rom qmari 

gardacvlili hyavda. iosebi 

cocxali rom yofiliyo, Zneli 

warmosadgenia, rom ebraul 

tradiciebze aRzrdili mari- 

iosebi 

ami qmris gareSe wasuliyo qorwilSi, 

an avadmyofi iosebi Sin daetovebina da marto wasu- 

liyo qorwilSi stumrad. miTumetes, rom qorwili kanaSi iyo 

da ara nazareTSi. dabrZenebuli, xanSiSesuli iosebi stumrebs 

Soris rom yofiliyo, gverwmuneT, aravis gamorCeboda, iseve 

rogorc ar gamorCeniaT misi xseneba maSin, roca 12 wlis iesos 

ierusalimSi axlda. 

iosebis amave periodSi gardacvalebaze unda metyveleb- 

des isic, rom misi ojaxi (yovel SemTxvevaSi, nawili mainc) 

nazareTidan kapernaumSi gadasaxlda (markozi, II. 1); (luka, VII. 

1); (ioane, II. 12). aseTi tipis movlenebi _ ojaxisa da qonebis 

gayofa da migracia _ ojaxSi momxdari radikaluri cvlile- 

bebis da (an) socialuri problemis mizeziT Tu moxdeboda.Ta- 

vis sicocxleSi iosebi mamis avtoritetiTa da darbaislobiT 

kravda da aerTianebda ojaxs, xolo misi sikvdili sakmarisi 

mizezi gaxda ojaxisa da qonebis gayofisaTvis _ ris gamoc 

mariami, ieso da „misi Zmebi“ nazareTidan calke gadasaxldnen

kapernaumSi. swored kapernaumidan iwyebs ieso xalxSi gasvlas 

da qadagebas (ioane, II. 12). 

iosebis socialuri wris mamakacis sicocxlis saSualo xan- 

grZlivoba imxanad 60 wels ar aRemateboda. amitom SegviZlia 

solomonia, iosebis pirveli 

iesos dabadebis momentisTvis): 

iosebis asaki 

iesos dabadebis 

momentSi 

iosebisa 

da iesos 

Tanacxovrebis 

periodi 

iosebis 

asaki iesos 

dabadebis 

momentSi 

coli 

= 

+ 

+ 

iosebisa da iesos 

Tanacxovrebis periodi 

iesos iosebis gareSe 

cxovrebis periodi 

iesos iosebis 

gareSe 

cxovrebis 

periodi 

+ 

vivaraudoT, rom iosebma, 

romelmac sicocxlis meti 

wili nazareTSi gaatara, 

swored amdeni xani icocxla 

da bunebrivi sikvdiliT 

gardaicvala. nazareTis 

sinagogaSi misi awmyo droSi 

moxsenieba swored iosebis 

mier nazareTSi gatare- 

bul wlebze da xanSiSesul 

asakze unda mianiSnebdes. 

9 

axla SevecdebiT mcire 

ariTmetikuli gaTvlebiT 

davadginoT iosebis asaki 

mis mier mariamis colad 

SerTvis momentisTvis (anu 

= 

= 

iosebis gardacvalebis 

asaki 

iosebis gardacvalebis 

asaki 

iesos gardacvalebis 

asaki 

_ 

iesos 

gardacvalebis 

asaki 

sayovelTao aRiarebiT, ieso jvarze 33 wlis asakSi gar

daicvala. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, iesos iosebis gareSe 

cxovrebis periodi aris minimum 33_[30_(1~2)]=4~5 weli da 

maqsimum 33_12=21 weli. 

yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT, rom iosebis asaki 

iesos dabadebis momentisTvis unda yofiliyo 31_32 an 48_50 

weli. 48_50 wlis iosebi, miTumetes profesiis mqone (xuro), am 

asakSi ucolo ar iqneboda. im periodis iudeaSi colis SerT- 

vis saSualo asaki mamakacebisaTvis 18_20 weli iyo da, savarau- 

simoni, iesos naxevarZma 

dod, iosebs colic eyoleboda 

da daojaxebuli Svilebic. iqneb 

iosebi am droisaTvis daqvrivda 

da qvrivma meore colis SerTva 

gadawyvita? es azri nakleb sar- 

wmunod gveCveneba, radgan Tu 

iosebis gaTxovili qaliSvilebi 

mamis movlas ver SeZlebdnen, 

vaJiSvilebis colebi (rZlebi) 

am saqmes ufro advilad gaarT- 

mevdnen Tavs. amitom ver vxedavT 

aucileblobas imisa, rom Warmag 

iosebs meore coli moeyvana, 

Tumca arc amis srulad gamor- 

icxva SeiZleba. 

ufro savaraudoa, rom iosebma, saSualo asakSi myofma, 

31_32 wlisam, moiyvana mariami colad. magram nakleb savarau- 

dod gveCveneba, rom am asakamde iosebi ucolod yofiliyo. 

unda vivaraudoT, rom mas pirveli coli gardacvlili hy- 

avda (SeiZleba mSobiarobas gadayva) da mcirewlovani Svilebi 

darCa: mariami _ 10_12 wlis, iuda _ 8_10 wlis da simoni _ 6_8 

wlis. ucolod darCenil janmrTel da gamrje mamkacs colic 

daWirdeboda da bavSvebisa da ojaxis momvlelic. magram mas, 

10

iuda, iesos naxevarZma 

qvrivsa da wvrilSvilis patrons, 

14_16 wlis qaliSvils Znelad Tu 

vinme gaayolebda, miuxedavad imisa, 

rom iosebi nazareTSi cnobili xuro 

iyo da col_Svilis rCena SeeZlo. 

amitom iosebma im periodisaT- 

vis friad humanuri da keTilSobi- 

luri gadawyvetileba miiRo da sx- 

visgan fexmZime qali moiyvana colad, 

im fiqriT, rom es qali, mariami, mis 

bavSvebs da ojaxs mouvlida, TviTon 

ki mariams mis momaval Svils gaaz- 

rdevinebda. 

iosebma da mariamma 28_30 weli 

icxovres erTad. am periodSi maT 

ojaxs kidev sami Svili _ iose, iakobi da erTi qaliSvili 

SeemataT, saxelad, savaraudod, solomonia (salome). SesaZloa 

iosebma solomonia (salome) mariamTan SeZenil qaliSvils 

pirveli colis pativsacemad daarqva. gadmocemiT ase erqva 

iosebis pirvel cols. iosebma Tavisi xelobiT Svidi Svili 

gazarda, xolo iesos saxiT aRzarda samaradJamo genia, riTac 

fasdaudebeli amagi dasdo kacobriobas da, moxucebuli, naza- 

reTSi gardaicvala. 

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom iosebis gardacvalebis Semdeg 

ojaxSi qonebrivi dava dawyebuliyo, ris gamoc iesom iosebi- 

seuli saxli datova, romelic iosebis vaJebs _ iudas da simons 

darCaT, xolo TviTon dedasTan, mariamTan da ZmebTan _ ioses- 

Tan da iakobTan erTad kapernaumSi gadasaxlda. es swored is 

Zmebi arian (umcrosi Zmebi), romlebic TavianT ufros naxevar- 

Zmas, iesos yvelgan dayvebodnen misi xalxSi qadagebis dros 

(maTe, XIII. 46, 47); (maTe, XIII. 55, 56) da SeZlebisdagvarad icavd- 

11

nen da afrTxilebdnen mosalodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb (ioane, 

VII. 3). iosebis gardacvalebis momentisaTvis ojaxis genealo- 

giuri sqema aseTi unda yofiliyo: 

mariami 

42-43w 

iuda 

40-42w 

iosebi 60 w. aw 

gardacvlili 

simoni 

38-40w 

iose 

28-29w 

12 

mariami 

45-46w 

salome 

26-27w 

iakobi 

24-25w 

ieso 

30w 

Cvens mier Sedgenili genealogiuri sqema SesabamisobaSia 

mariamis asakTanac, romelic, rogorc gadmocemiT viciT, Cv. 

w. aR_mde daaxloebiT 22_20 wels 

daibada. iosebze qorwinebisas 

mariami 16_17 wlis iyo da amave 

asakSi SeeZina ieso. iesos jvarcmis 

momentisaTvis mariami 49_50 

wlisaa. igi 68_70 wlis asakSi 48 

wels gardaicvala. vinaidan mamakacis 

sicocxlis xangrZlivoba 

ufro mcirea, vidre qalisa, mariamis 

gardacvalebis asaki kidev 

ufro amyarebs Cvens mosazrebas 

imis Sesaxeb, rom iosebi daaxloebiT 

60 wlisa gardaicvala. 

mariami, iesos naxevarda, oTxive saxarebaSi, roca 

SemdgomSi mariam kleopasi 

iesos Zmebis moxsenieba xdeba, 

maT asakis mixedviT aRmavali xaziT, umcrosidan ufrosisken, 

moixsenieben, amasTan, wyvil_wyvilad, savaraudod, maTi

dedaze mikuTvnebis mixedviT: 

„iakobi da iose, simoni da 

iuda“ (maTe, XIII. 55); (markozi, 

VI. 2). 

13 

SeiZleba gaCndes azri, 

rom im periodis ebrauli 

sazogadoebis tradiciidan 

gamomdinare, ufro mosalod- 

neli iyo, rom iesos Zmebi 

CamoeTvalaT asakis mixed- 

viT, ufrosidan umcrosi- 

saken: iuda da simoni, iose 

iosebi 

da iakobi. magram, vfiqrobT, 

amas arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, radgan maTe iosebis gene- 

alogiuri xazis CamoTvlisas iyenebs ufrosidan umcrosisken 

mimarTulebas (maTe, I. 1_16), xolo luka piriqiT, umcrosidan 

ufrosisken (luka, III. 23_38). aqedan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom 

saxarebiseuli CamonaTvali informacias gvawvdis Svilebis 

dedaze mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb: iakobi da iose _ mariamis Zeni, 

xolo simoni da iuda _ iosebis pirveli colis, solomonias 

(salomes) Zeni. samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos: aris mosaz- 

reba, rom isini, ori mainc, (iakobi da iose) iesos biZaSvilebi 

arian iosebis mxridan da rom ebrauli tradiciis mixedviT 

biZaSvili igive Zmaa. am azrs ver daveTanxmebiT, radgan axal 

aRTqmaSi naxsenebia termini „naTesavi“ (luka, II. 44), e. i. xdeba 

gradacia da identifikacia, anu Zma aris Zma, da aris da, xolo 

biZaSvili aris `naTesavi~, arian kidev „nacnobebi“ (luka, II. 

44). iosebis qaliSvils, mariams imitom miviCnevT pirvel 

colTan SeZenil Svilad, rom ebrauli tradiciis mixedviT, 

Svilebs ded_mamis saxelebs ar arqmevdnen. amitom SeuZlebe- 

lia, es Svili iosebs mariamTan SesZenoda da mariami daerqmia.

iosebi da misi umcrosi Zma kleopa 

14 

iesos naxevarda, mariami, 

iosebma Tavis umcros 

Zmas, kleopas gaayola 

colad. am qorwinebidan 

daibada simoni, romelic 

iesoze 5_6 wliT um- 

crosi iyo. es swored is 

simonia, romelic iako- 

bis, iesos umcrosi Zmis, 

ierusalimis pirveli 

episkoposis, daRupvis 

Semdeg erTxmad iqna ar- 

Ceuli am Tanamdebobaze. 

iesos naxevarda, mariami 

istorias SemorCa ro- 

gorc mariam kleopasi. es aris is „mariam kleopasi“ (ioane, XIX. 

25), romelic iesos jvarcmas eswreboda. 

sayovelTao aRiarebiT, iesos jvarcmas sxvebTan erTad 

misi deda, mariamic eswreboda, Tumca maTe, markozi da luka, 

erTi SexedviT, xazgasmiT ar weren amis Sesaxeb: „maT Soris 

iyvnen mariam magdaleli, da mariami, deda iakobisa da oisesi, 

da zebedes ZeTa deda“ (maTe, XVII. 56). „iyo iq mariam magdaleli, 

da meore mariamic, romlebic samarxis win isxdnen“ (maTe, XVII. 

61). „iyvnen iq... mariam magdaleli, da mariami, iakob mcirisa 

da ioses deda, da salome“ (markozi, XV. 40). „xolo mariam 

magdaleli da mariam iosesi xedavdnen, sad daasvenes igi“ (mar- 

kozi, XV. 47)“. „... mariam magdalelma, mariam iakobisam da sa- 

lomem iyides nelsacxebeli...“ (markozi, XVI. 1). „eseni iyvnen 

mariam magdaleli, ioana da mariam iakobisa da sxvebic maT- 

Tan erTad...“ (luka, XIV. 10). oTxive saxarebis erTmaneTTan Se- 

jerebisas ismeba kiTxva: vin aris mariami? vin aris deda iako

mariami, iosebis meore coli 

15 

bisa da iosesi? vin aris 

meore mariami? vin aris 

deda iakob mcirisa da 

iosesi? vin aris mariam 

iosesi? vin aris mariam 

iakobisa, am kiTxvaze na- 

Tel pasuxs arc ioanes 

saxareba iZleva. „xolo 

iesos jvarTan idgnen 

deda misi da dedis da 

misi, mariam kleopasi da 

mariam magdaleli~ (io- 

ane, XIX. 25). SevecdebiT 

pasuxi gavceT dasmul 

kiTxvas, risTvisac 

SevadgineT cxrili. 

oTxive saxarebidan miyolebiT amoviwereT yvela im „gali- 

leveli“ qalis saxeli (mariam magdalelis garda), romlebic 

eswrebodnen iesos jvarcmas, gardacvalebas da Semdgom „das- 

venebas“. miviReT I cxrili: 

1. mariami 

2. deda iakobisa da iosesi 

3. deda zebedes ZeTa 

4. meore mariami 

5. deda iakob mcirisa da iosesi 

6. deda iakobisa 

7. deda iosesi 

8. salome

9. ioana 

10. dedis da 

11. mariam kleopasi 

12. deda misi 

cxrili I 

8 — salome (solomonia) aris 3 — zebedes ZeTa deda. Cveni 

azriT, igi iosebis qaliSvilia, mariamTan SeZenili, iesos da. 

9 — ioana, herodes ezosmoZRvris coli. 

am cnobili personaJebis pirveli cxrilidan amoRebis Sem- 

deg miviReT II cxrili: 

1. mariami 

2. deda iakobisa da iosesi 

4. meore mariami 

5. deda iakob mcirisa da iosesi 

6. deda iakobisa 

7. deda iosesi 

10. dedis da 

11. mariam kleopasi 

12. deda misi 

cxrili II 

sayovelTao aRiarebiT, mariams da_Zma ar hyolia da, romc 

hyoloda, orive das mariami ar erqmeoda. amitom SegviZlia 

vivaraudoT, rom saqme gvaqvs gadamweris mier daSvebul uzus- 

16

tobasTan da sinamdvileSi jvarcmas iesos naxevarda, mariam 

kleopasi eswreba _ anu teqsti ase unda ikiTxebodes: „... jvar- 

Tan idgnen deda misi da da misi, mariam kleopasi...“ Tumca arc 

is aris gamoricxuli, rom mariami da iosebis ufrosi qaliS- 

vili, romlebic asakiT TiTqmis tolebi iyvnen, iesos garSemo 

myof xalxs debadac mieCnia. 10 — dedis da (da) igivea rac 11 

— mariam kleopasi. amitom am personaJebis meore cxrilidan 

amoRebis Sedegad miviReT III cxrili: 

1. mariami (maTe) (markozi) 

2. deda iakobisa da iosesi (maTe) 

4. meore mariami (maTe) 

5. deda iakob mcirisa da iosesi (markozi) 

6. deda iakobisa (luka) (markozi) 

7. deda iosesi (markozi) 

12. deda misi (ioane) 

cxrili III 

Tu mesame cxrilis personaJebs anu oTxive saxarebas erTm- 

aneTs SevajerebT, miviRebT, rom iesos jvarcmas ukve xsenebul 

galilevel qalebTan erTad eswreba kidev Svidi qali, romleb- 

sac yvelas mariami hqvia, rac SeuZlebelia ase iyos. zemoTqmu- 

lis absurdulobis gamo unda virwmunoT, rom es saxelebi erTi 

da imave pirovnebis sxvadasxva kerZo saxelebia. da es pirovneba 

aris iesos deda mariami. anu miviRebT naTel da, Cveni azriT, 

erTaderT pasuxs, rom 2 — deda iakobisa da iosesi igivea, rac 

5 — deda iakob mcirisa da iosesi, igivea, rac 6 — deda iakobisa 

da 7 — deda iosesi _ anu es erTi da igive pirovnebaa da aris 

17

1 _ mariami _ iesos deda, 

anu 12 — deda misi anu 

4 — meore mariami. cxri- 

lebSi (#2=#5=#6=#7) = 

(#1=#4) = #12 

aqedan SegviZlia 

davaskvnaT, rom iesos, io- 

sesa da iakobis deda mari- 

amia. ar unda gagvikvirdes 

mariamis „meore maria- 

mad“ moxsenieba, vinaidan 

„pirvel mariamad“ (avt.) 

xsenebul mariam magda- 

lelTan SedarebiT igi imx- 

iakobi, iesos Zma, ierusalimis 

anad naklebad popularuli 

saqristianos pirveli 

iose, iesos Zma 

iyo iesos mimdevrebSi. 

18 

episkoposi 

aqve Cndeba kiTxva, ratom ar 

ixsenieben mariams rogorc si- 

monisa da iudas dedas (mariam 

simonisa an mariam iudasi)? jer 

erTi, imitom, rom mariami maTi 

deda ar aris, meorec, imitom, 

rom simoni da iuda iesos da mis 

Zmebs, iakobsa da ioses ideolo- 

giurad da fizikurad didi xania 

daSordnen da iesos xalxSi qa- 

dagebis dawyebis dRidan masTan 

aRar arian. iesos mowafeebi da 

mimdevrebi maT arc ki icnoben

salome, iesos da 

(ioane, VII. 5). ratom ar ixsenieben 

mariams, rogorc iosebis meuRles, 

magaliTad, ase _ mariam iosebisa? 

saqme isaa, rom, rogorc ukve 

aRvniSneT, iesos xalxSi gasvlisa 

da qadagebis dawyebisas iosebi 

ukve gardacvlili iyo. iosebis 

gardacvalebis Semdeg mariamma, 

iesom da misma Zmebma nazareTi da- 

toves da kapernaumSi gadasaxld- 

nen. is adamianebi, romlebTanac 

iesos uwevs yofna, iosebs, mariamis 

qmars, an ar icnoben an ukve aRar 

axsovT 

igi. amitom isini arc mariams 

moixsenieben rogorc mariams 

iosebisa. ufro metic, zogjer 

mas meore mariamsac eZaxian. sam- 

agierod, iesos mowafeebi da mim- 

devrebi kargad icnoben iesos de- 

dasa da Zmebs _ iakobsa da ioses. 

àha, deda Seni da Zmebi Seni ga- 

reT dganan da sityvis saTqmlad 

geZeben Sen~ (maTe, XII. 47). aqedan 

kargad Cans, rom am sityvebis av- 

tori icnobs iesos deda mariams da 

mis Zmebs _ iakobsa da ioses. ami- 

tom sakvirveli ar unda iyos mari- 

amis aseTi moxsenieba: 

„mariam iakobisa“ anu mariam _ 

iakobis deda; 

19 

iesos naxevardis, 

mariam kleopas Svili, 

romlis qorwilSic sxva 

stumrebTan erTad iyo 

iesoc

„mariam iosesi“ anu mariam _ ioses deda; 

„mariam iakob mcirisa da ioses deda“ anu mariami _ um- 

crosi iakobisa da ioses deda, radgan igi isevea iakobisa da 

ioses deda, rogorc iesosi. 

simoni, ierusalimis 

saqristianos meore episkoposi, 

iesos dis mariam kleopas Svili 

20 

aqve erT savaraudo 

SekiTxvas gvinda gavceT 

pasuxi. saqme isaa, rom sax- 

arebaSi naxsenebia iakob 

mcire. iakobi iesos ZmebSi 

asakiT yvelaze umcrosia, 

magram, rogorc wesi, zed- 

wodebas „mcire“ an „didi“ 

xmaroben maSin, roca mSo- 

blebs an uaxloes naTe- 

savs hqvia igive saxeli, 

iesos ojaxSi ki saxeli 

ìakobi“ ar meordeba. ma- 

Sin ratom ixsenieben iesos 

Zmas iakob mcired? Cveni 

azriT, iesos ojaxi, am si- 

tyvis farTo gagebiT, misi 

jvarcmis win gaizarda. mas Seemata mowafeebi, sul cota 12, da 

isini ise uyvars iesos, rom da_ZmebSi ar gamoarCevs (maTe, XII. 

49, 50). ai, swored am axlad SeZenili Zmebidan erT_erTs hqvia 

iakobi (salomesa da zebedes Ze) da Tumca mas iesom metsaxelad 

„mexismcemeli“ Searqva, massa da iesos Zmas, iakobs Soris asa- 

kobrivi sxvaoba sakmarisia imisTvis, rom am ukanasknels iakob 

mcire uwodon. 

is faqti, rom mariams iosebTan sxva Svilebic SeeZina, ar 

modis winaaRmdegobaSi saxarebasTan. kerZod, maTes saxareba 

gveubneba, rom ieso mariamisTvis iyo `pirmSo~ (maTe, I. 25).

saxarebaSi arsad weria, rom ieso dediserTa iyo, pirmSos ki 

pirvel Svils uwodeben. Tu mariams hyavda pirmSo, bunebrivia, 

momdevno Svilebic eyoleboda. maTes saxarebaSi iqve vkiTxu- 

lobT, rom mariams iosebi àr ucvnia igi, vidre ar Sva Ze Ta- 

visi pirmSo, da uwoda saxeli misi ieso~ (maTe, I. 25). aq warmod- 

genili viTarebis bunebrivi gagrZelebaa is azri, rom iesos 

Sobis Semdeg mariams ùcvnia~, uRiarebia iosebi da misgan mom- 

devno Svilebi (iakobi da iose) SesZenia. 

iosebze glovis Semdeg „... qorwili iyo galileas kanaSi“ 

(ioane, II. 1). gadmocemis Tanaxmad, ieso da mariami kanaSi si- 

monis mipatiJebiT imyofebian _ es is simonia, iesos naxevarda 

mariams kleopasTan 

rom SeeZina. qorwili 

saojaxo dResaswauli 

iyo, Tavs iyridnen 

da_Zmebi ojaxebiT. 

mariami, ieso da misi 

Zmebic axlo naTesavis 

qorwilSi Tu iqnebod- 

nen miwveulebi. sa- 

varaudod, ieso dis- 

wulis (simonis dis) 

qorwilSia mipati- 

Jebuli da mipatiJe- 

bulia ara rogorc 

cnobili mkurnali an 

saswaulmoqmedi da, 

miTumetes, ara ro- 

gorc zeciT movlenili mesia, vinaidan „... arc mis Zmebs swam- 

daT misi“ (ioane, VII. 5), aramed rogorc axlo naTesavi. aki 

TviTonac eubneba dedamiss imave qorwilSi, rom „... jer ar 

21 

qorwili kanaSi

damdgara misi saaTi“ (ioane, II, 4). Sua qorwilSi, Rvino rom 

SemoakldaT, „iesos dedam uTxra mas: Rvino ara aqvT“ (ioane, II. 

3), razedac iesom miugo: „mereda ra Cemi da Seni saqmea, dedao“ 

(ioane, II.4). ieso rom dis saxlSi (anu im ojaxSi, romlis wevre- 

bic arian iesoc da mariamic) yofiliyo, mariami iesos etyoda, 

Rvino gagviTavda, aRar gvaqvso da iesos pasuxic, Sesabamisad, 

sxvagvari iqneboda (vgulisxmobT imas, rom Rvinoze ojaxis 

ufross an ojaxis wevrs unda ezruna). Tu imasac gaviTval- 

iswinebT, rom qorwili kanaSia da ara nazareTSi an kapernaumSi, 

unda vivaraudoT, rom qorwili iesos dis (an Zmis) saxlSi ar 

xdeba da rom ieso da mariami siZis saxlSi arian miwveulebi 

rogorc patarZlis biZa da bebia. am mosazrebas amyarebs isic, 

rom „... Tamadam ... mouxmo siZes“ da uTxra: „... Sen ki ukeTesi 

Rvino aqamde Semoginaxavs“ (ioane, II. 9,10) ojaxSio. 

yovelive zemoTqmuli, ra Tqma unda, ar warmoadgens kat- 

egoriul mtkicebas imisa, rom iesos namdvilad hyavda da_Zma 

(an naxevar da_Zma) da rom isini mariamis (an iosebis) Svilebi 

arian. XXI saukuneSi amis danamdvilebiT garkveva SeuZlebelic 

aris. rogorc ar unda iyos _ hyavda iesos da_Zma Tu ara, 

es, ra Tqma unda, aranair Crdils ar ayenebs arc mas da arc 

mis ojaxs _ mariamsa da iosebs. miTumetes, Crdili ar adgeba 

iesos moZRvrebas. 

22

amdenime mosazreba iesos dabadebis TariRisa 

da adgilis Sesaxeb 

saerTo aRiarebiT, axali aRTqma ar warmoadgens istoriul 

dokuments da, amdenad, misgan Znelia ieso nazarevelis bio- 

grafiuli monacemebis mopoveba. miuxedavad amisa, Cven mainc 

SevecdebiT axal aRTqmaSi arsebuli mwiri informaciis safuZ- 

velze Tavi movuyaroT ramdenime mosazrebas iesos dabadebis 

TariRisa da adgilis Sesaxeb. 

gamoTvlebi, romlebic axal welTaRricxvas daedo safuZ- 

vlad, 525 wels Caatara romis papis arqivariusma dionisem. 

23 

imxanad sxvadasxva kal- 

endaruli sistema arse- 

bobda. zog kalendarul 

sistemaSi drois aTvla 

romis imperiis daarse- 

bidan iwyeboda, zogSi 

oqtaviane avgustusis 

an diokletianes taxtze 

asvlidan da a.S. dion- 

isem uari Tqva amgvar 

kalendarul sistemebze 

da drois aTvla iesos 

dabadebis dRidan gadaw- 

yvita. man daadgina, rom 

ieso Cveni welTaRricx- 

vis 1 wels daibada. ma- 

axalSobili ieso 

gram dionises gamoTvlebSi 

aris uneblie Secdoma. da ai ratom: dionises gamoTv- 

lebi eyrdnoba axal aRTqmaSi moyvanil cnobil miTiTebas, rom

ieso dedasTan, mariamTan erTad 

24 

tiberiusis mmarTvelo- 

bis meTxuTmete wels, 

roca ieso 30 wlis iyo, is 

ioanem mdinare iordaneSi 

ganaTla. cnobilia, rom 

13 wels tiberiusi imper- 

ator avgustusTan erTad 

imperiis TanammarTveli 

gaxda, xolo avgustu- 

sis sikvdilis Semdeg 14 

wlidan 37 wlamde erT- 

pirovnulad marTavda 

imperias. maSasadame, ti- 

beriusis mmarTvelobis 

meTxuTmete wels anu 29 

wels Tu gamovaklebT iesos asaks, miviRebT iesos dabadebis 

wels. am wels dionisem 1 weli uwoda. saqme isaa, rom am wlisT- 

vis dionises 0 weli unda daerqmia (radgan iesos 1 weli jer 

ar Sesruleboda). magram romaulad nuli ar arsebobda – 1 

aris I, 5 – V, 9 – IX, 10 – X, 20 _ XX da a.S. magram 0? 0 mx- 

olod arabul cifrebSi gaCnda. amis gamo mogvianebiT Zveli 

welTaRricxvis 1 weli axali welTaRricxvis 1 wels miebjina, 

ris Sedegadac miviReT 2_wliani cdomileba. ase rom, Tu dio- 

nises mixedviT gamovTvliT, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom ieso Zveli 

welTaRricxvis 2 wels daibada. 

maTes da lukas saxarebebi gveubneba, rom ieso herode I 

(herode didis) mefobis periodSi daibada (maTe, II. 1); (luka, I. 

5). herode ki Cvens welTaRricxvamde 4 wels gardaicvala. Tu 

dioniseseul gamoTvlas gverdze gadavdebT, maSin unda vTq- 

vaT, rom ieso Cvens welTaRricxvamde 4 wlamde dabadebula. 

luka, romelic adasturebs, rom ieso herode didis me

fobis dros daibada (luka, I. 5), ganavrcobs – `siriaSi kvi- 

rinusis gamgeblobisas~ (luka, II. 2). lukas mixedviT, mariamis 

mSobiarobamde ramdenime xniT adre `gamoqveynda keisar avgus- 

tusis brZaneba, aRwera CaetarebinaT mTels qveyanaSi~ (luka, 

II. 1). ` . . . es iyo pirveli aRwera . . . ~ (luka, II. 2) da mis 

mixedviT yvela im qalaqSi unda Casuliyo, saidanac misi gvari 

warmoSobiT momdinareobda. da `wavida iosebic galileidan, 

qalaq nazareTidan iudeaSi, daviTis qalaqSi, romelsac hqvia 

beTlemi, vinaidan daviTis saxlisa da gvaris iyo~ (luka, II. 4), 

`raTa Caweriliyo mariamTan, Tavis daniSnulTan erTad, ro- 

melic fexmZimed iyo~ (luka, II. 5). SevecadoT gavarkvioT, ra da 

vis mier Catarebul aRwerazea saubari. lukas saxareba iesos 

gardacvalebidan ramdenime aTeuli wlis Semdeg daiwera. lu- 

kas mizania ` . . . yvelafris Tavidanve gamowvlilviT ganxilvis 

Semdeg, Tanmimdevrulad . . . ~ (luka, I. 3) aRwera. da igi aR- 

weris dasadastureblad siriis gamgebel kvirinuss imowmebs. 

es iyo pirveli aRwera `siriaSi kvirinusis gamgeblobisas~ 

(luka, II. 2). ki magram, iudeaSi viRam Caatara aRwera? cxadia, 

rom siriis gamgebeli kvirinusi herodes samefoSi aRweras ver 

Caatarebda. herodes samefoSi aRweris Catareba SeeZlo mx- 

olod Tavad herodes sakuTari iniciativiT an keisar avgus- 

tusis brZanebiT. magram orive SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva tipis 

aRwerasTan gveqneboda saqme. gavixsenoT, rom romis imperia 

imxanad ganuwyvetel omebSi iyo Cabmuli Tavis Crdiloel, aR- 

mosavlel Tu dasavlel mezoblebTan. legionebis Senaxva sul 

ufro da ufro Zviri jdeboda da romic gadasaxadebs zrdida. 

mas kargad awyobili sagadasaxado sistema hqonda uamravi me- 

baJiTa da sxva moxeleebiT. gadasaxadi da baJi imdenad mZime 

tvirTad awva mosaxleobas, rom aman axal aRTqmaSic ki hpova 

asaxva – gavixsenoT, marto sityvebi `baJi~ da `mebaJe~ ramden 

aTeul adgilas aris naxsenebi oTxive saxarebaSi. es aRwerac, 

25

savaraudod, pirvel rigSi swored baJisa da gadasaxadis reg- 

istracias isaxavda miznad – unda aRweriliyo saxnav_saTesisa 

da cxvar_Zroxis, menaveTa da meTevzeTa raodenoba da sxva 

mravali wvrilmani, raTa es yvelaferi droulad dabegril- 

iyo da aravin da araferi gamorCenodaT. imis gamo, rom ro- 

mis mier Catarebul aRweras mxolod finansur_statistikuri 

xasiaTi hqonda, romisTvis da keisar avgustusisTvis aravi- 

Tari mniSvneloba ar SeiZleboda hqonoda, nazareveli iosebi 

da misi coli mariami gadasaxadebis gadamxdelebad nazareTSi 

dafiqsirdebodnen Tu beTlemSi wavidodnen da iq Caewerebod- 

nen. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom romis kanonebis mixedviT mamak- 

acs colisa da Svilebis gareSe SeeZlo misvla saregistracio 

SenobaSi. sakmarisi iyo mamakacis mier colisa da Svilebis mx- 

olod sityvieri (zepiri) registracia. amdenad, romis kanonebi 

ar avaldebulebda iosebs, saregistraciod waeyvana fexmZime 

coli nazareTidan 100 _ 120 km_iT daSorebul beTlemSi. Tu 

imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom es `pirveli aRwera~ iyo da wina 

aRweris monacemebi aravin ar icoda, Zneli warmosadgenia, ro- 

mael moxeleTagan vinme yofiliyo iseTi, nazareTSi darCenili 

iosebisTvis rom eTqva, beTlemel kacs nazareTSi ra ginda, 

saswrafod wadi beTlemSi da colic waiyvaneo. dabolos, abso- 

luturad SeuZleblad migvaCnia, rom imperatori avgustusi 

dainteresebuli yofiliyo imiT, rom rogorme yvela ebrauli 

ojaxis gvar_fuZe daedgina. 

axla ganvixiloT meore versia. mefe herodes SeeZlo Tvi- 

Ton Caetarebina aRwera an keisar avgustusis brZanebisTvis 

iseTi punqti daematebina, rom yvela iZulebuli yofiliyo 

mSobliur (ufro zustad, winaparTa) qalaqebSi wasuliyo Ca- 

sawerad. herode mefe did saamSeneblo saqmianobas eweoda, 

aSenebda da ganaaxlebda qalaqebsa da gzebs. manve aRadgina 

ierusalimis taZari. mas sakuTari sagadasaxado sistema hqonda 

26

da gadasaxadi da baJi misTvis ucxo ar iyo. imxanad ebrauli 

sazogadoeba gvarovnul_tomobrivi principiT kastebad cxov- 

robda da gamoricxuli ar aris, rom daviTis qalaq beTlemis 

romelime sinagogaSi marTlac inaxeboda misi gvaris saregis- 

tracio wigni, romelSic daviTis gvaris STamomavalTa reg- 

istracia savaldebuloc ki iyo. amdenad, mosalodnelia, rom 

ebraul an romaul_ebraul aRweras finansur_statistikur- 

Tan erTad gvarovnul_tomobrivi gamokiTxvac daesaxa miznad. 

Tumca isic sakiTxavia, ra azri hqonda am gvarovnul_tomo- 

briv gamokiTxvas, Tu maTes da lukas saxarebebi iosebis ge- 

iosebi, mariami da yrma ieso 

nealogiur xazSi erTmaneTs ar daemTxveoda – vgulisxmobT 

imas, rom maTes mixedviT iosebis mama iakobia (maTe, I. 16), 

xolo lukas mixedviT – elia (luka, III. 23). magram rogori ti- 

pis aRwerac ar unda yofiliyo, iosebi arc ebrauli kanonebis 

27

mixedviT ar iyo valdebuli, fexmZime coli nazareTidan be- 

TlemSi waeyvana Casawerad, Tundac imitom, rom mariami `da- 

viTis saxlisa da gvaris~ ar iyo da, romc yofiliyo, Zneli 

safiqrebelia, rom is, miTumetes fexmZime, sinagogaSi SeeS- 

vaT, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qalis uuflebo mdgomareobas im 

periodis ebraul sazogadoebaSi. yvelafers rom Tavi davane- 

boT, herode mefes aranairi aRwera ar Cautarebia. aRwera am 

regionSi marTlac Catarda Cveni welTaRricxvis 6 _ 7 wels, 

herodes gardacvalebidan 10 – 12 wlis Tavze da iesos dabade- 

bidan 12 – 14 wlis Semdeg da es aRwera Caatara swored `kvi- 

rinus gamgebelma~, oRond mas mere, rac arqelaosis (herodes 

Svili) mmarTvelobidan CamoSorebis Semdeg sirias miuerTes 

iudea, samaria da idunea. samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, 

rom publius sulpicius kvirinusi Cvens welTaRricxvamde 7 _ 

6 wels marTlac gamoCnda siriaSi keisar avgustusis special- 

uri samxedro davalebiT, roca, gansakuTrebuli uflebebiT 

aRWurvilma, siriis mTebSi mTielTa amboxi CaaxSo. am dros 

oTxi_xuTi aTasi kaci daatyveves, mSobliuri kuTxidan ayares 

da regionis sxvadasxva qalaqebSi gadaanawiles sacxovreblad. 

bunebrivia, aseT viTarebaSi kvirinusis mier aRwera Tu ara, 

garkveuli mokvleva_gamokiTxva mainc Catardeboda Tundac im 

mizniT, rom ganesazRvraT, Tu sad da ramdeni ojaxi Caesaxle- 

binaT. es imdenad didi da kargad gaTvlili samxedro_poli- 

tikuri operacia iyo, rom kvirinusma regionSi saxeli gaiTqva 

da keisar avgustusis ndoba da pativi daimsaxura. amdenad, 

kvirinusi, droebiT mainc, siriis gamgebladac ki SeiZleba mi- 

viCnioT misi gansakuTrebuli uflebebis gamo. am ambebidan 14 

_ 15 wlis Semdeg, kvirinusi meored ukve marTla siriis gamge- 

blad iqna daniSnuli keisar avgustusis mier. 

SevniSnavT, rom luka ambobs, `pirveli aRwera~ iyoo _ e.i. 

man uTuod icis, rom iyo meore aRwerac. Tu luka kvirinu- 

28

sis mier siriis teritoriaze Cvens welTaRricxvamde 7-6 wels 

Catarebul zemoTxsenebul mokvlevas pirvel aRweras uwo- 

debs, maSin meore aRwera Catarebula Cveni welTaRricxviT 

mwyemsebis milocva 

6-7 wels kvirinusis mier arqelaos_herodes mmarTvelobidan 

CamoSorebisa da misi qonebis gadmoformebis Semdeg. SevniS- 

navT, rom maTes mixedviT iosebi, mariami da ieso nazareTSi 

herode didis sikvdilis Semdeg dabrundnen (maTe, I. 19), roca 

iudeaSi arqelaosi mefobda (maTe, I. 22, 23). lukas da maTes 

saxarebebs erTmaneTs Tu SevadarebT, miviRebT, rom kviri- 

nusi siriis wina aziaSi mTielebs rom ebrZoda, xolo iudeaSi 

herode didi mefobda, ieso maSin dabadebula – kvirinusis 

mier ganxorcielebuli mokvleva_gamokiTxvis (igive `pirveli 

aRweris~) dros, Cvens welTaRricxvamde 6-4 wels. 

29

magram bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva – sad kvirinusis mier 

sirieli mTielebis ayra_gadasaxleba da sad herodes iudeaSi 

iosebisa da fexmZime mariamis beTlemSi wasvla `Casawerad~? 

ra kavSiri SeiZleba iyos am or movlenas Soris? Cveni azriT, 

iosebsa da mariams aranair aRweraSi monawileoba ar miuRiaT 

da, miTumetes, am mizniT nazareTidan beTlemSi ar wasulan. 

iesos winadacveTa 

Cven vfiqrobT, rom lukas mtkiceba, rom iosebi da fexmZime 

mariami nazareTidan beTlemSi wavidnen aRweraSi monawileobis 

mizniT, simarTles ar Seesabameba. 

Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, ieso nazareTSi, iosebis saxlSi 

daibada. iosebi da mariami sazogadoebis Rarib fenas miekuT- 

vnebodnen. maT ierusalimis taZars mcire Sesawiravi – òri 

gvriti, anda ori xundi mtredisa~ (luka, II. 24) Seswires da ara 

30

atkani, rogorc amas SeZlebulebi akeTebdnen. savaraudod, 

iosebis, rogorc yvela maSindeli Raribi ojaxis, saxli erTi 

didi, or nawilad gayofili oTaxisgan Sedgeboda. erT nawilSi 

cxvar_Zroxa hyavdaT, xolo meoreSi, `fundukSi~, TviTon eZi- 

naT. iosebma mariami qvrivma da wvrilSvilis patronma moiyvana 

colad da roca mariamis mSobiarobis Jamma moawia, `fundukSi~ 

anu saZinebel oTaxSi adgili ar iyo, radgan iq iosebi da misi 

bavSvebi iyvnen (an SeiZleba Ramec iyo da iosebs Tu ara, mis 

bavSvebs mainc, eZinaT kidec). amitom momxmare qalebma (luka, 

II. 18) mariami `meore oTaxSi~, bagaSi gaiyvanes. 

ra Tqma unda, iosebsa da mariams yrma iesos dabadebas 

miulocavdnen naTesavebi, nacnobebi da mezoblebi, romelTa 

Soris mwyemsebic (luka, II, 8) iqnebodnen, mebaJeebic da sxve- 

bic. magram es rom 25 dekembers ar SeiZleboda momxdariyo, 

iqidanac Cans, rom verc nazareTSi da verc beTlemSi zamTarSi 

mwyemsebi velad ver dadgebodnen da faras Ria cis qveS ver 

datovebdnen, miTumetes RamiT. aqve SevniSnavT imasac, rom za- 

mTarSi arc aRwera Catardeboda. 

Semdgom amisa, ` . . . roca gasrulda misi winadacveTis 

rva dRe, uwodes mas saxelad ieso. . .~ (luka, II. 21). amis Semdeg 

(da es yvelaferi, savaraudod, nazareTSi xdeba), 40 dRis mere 

` . . . Tanaxmad moses rjulisa, ierusalimSi waiyvanes igi, raTa 

waredginaT uflis winaSe~ (luka, II. 21). ` . . . iyo erTi kaci 

ierusalimSi, saxelad simoni~ (luka, II. 25), romelic ` . . . mov- 

ida taZrad, roca mSoblebma moiyvanes yrma ieso~ (luka, II. 27). 

simonma `xelSi aiyvana igi, akurTxa RmerTi da Tqva. . . ~ (luka, 

II. 28). ` . . . wevs igi mravalTa damamxoblad da aRmadideblad 

israelSi, da ganxeTqilebis niSnad~ (luka, II. 34). da ìyo iq 

agreTve winaswarmetyveli ana, fanuelis asuli~ (luka, II. 36), 

òTxmocda oTxi wlis qvrivi~ (luka, II. 37). `da roca uflis 

sjulisamebr aRasrules yvelaferi, galileaSi dabrundnen, 

31

TavianT qalaq nazareTSi~ (luka, II. 33). 

amrigad, lukas mixedviT, iesos Sobam, milocvebma, wina- 

dacveTam, Sobidan 40 dRis Tavze wminda ojaxis ierusalimSi 

gamgzavrebam da yrma iesos uflis winaSe wardgenam mSvid, 

wynar da harmoniul viTarebaSi Caiara. ojaxi nazareTSi dab- 

runda, sadac ` . . . iesos emateboda sibrZne da asaki. . .~ (luka, 

II. 52). 

sruliad sxva, kardinalurad gansxvavebul suraTs gvixat- 

avs maTes saxareba. iesos beTlemSi Sobis Semdeg mefe `herodem 

farulad~ (maTe, I. 7) wargzavna mogvebi ` . . . beTlems da uTxra: 

wadiT da gamowvlilviT gamoiZieT yrmis ambavi~ (maTe, I. 6 – 

8), ` . . . vinaidan herodes surs moZebnos yrma da moakvdinos 

igi~ (maTe, I. 13). iosebma, mariamma da yrma iesom Zlivs gaaswres 

ganrisxebuli herodes meomrebs, romlebmac ieso xelSi ver 

Caigdes, magram beTlemsa da mis SemogarenSi or wlamde asakis 

yvela bavSvi gaJlites. wminda ojaxma egviptes Seafara Tavi, 

sadac herodes gardacvalebamde darCnen, ris Semdegac dab- 

rundnen da nazareTSi daides bina. 

axla SevecadoT erTmaneTs SevadaroT es ori sruliad 

gansxvavebuli suraTi. 

1. gamoqveynda avgustusis brZaneba aRweris Sesaxeb. 

iosebic nazareTidan beTlemSi gasamgzavreblad gaemzada 

da, muxedavad imisa, rom arc romauli da arc ebrauli 

kanonebi colis Tan wayvanas ar avaldebulebda, man Ta- 

visi ar daiSala da fexmZime mariami Tan waiyvana (luka). 

amave dros, aRmosavleTidan daiZrnen mogvebi, romelTac 

win varskvlavi mouZRvis da gzas uCvenebs (maTe). 

2. mogvebi ierusalimSi Cavidnen da herodes uTxres, 

rom movidnen, raTa Tayvani scen iudevelTa axalSobil 

32

mariami da elisabedi SvilebTan 

iesosTan da ioanesTan erTad 

33 

mefes (maTe). 

3. herode (da mTe- 

li ierusalimi masTan 

erTad) SeZrwunda da 

mogvebs saidumlo dava- 

leba misca (maTe). 

4. amasobaSi iosebma da 

mariamma beTlemSi CaaR- 

wies, gaiares registra- 

cia da, im dRes Tu ara, 

meore dRes iSva ieso 

(luka). 

5. im Rames Tu ara, 

meore Rames maTTan mwy- 

emsebi mividnen da yrmis 

Soba miuloces (luka). 

6. amasobaSi mogvebmac CamoaRwies ierusalimidan be- 

TlemSi, varskvlavis meSveobiT ipoves is adgili, sadac 

yrma ieso iwva da mas oqro, muri da gundruki miarTves. 

mogvebi imave saRamos, ise rom herodesTan ar mibrunebu- 

lan, sxva gziT wavidnen TavianT qveyanaSi (maTe). 

7. Sobidan meSvide dRes iesos wina daucviTes (davuS- 

vaT, rom es beTlemSi moxda) (luka). 

8. mogvebis mier motyuebulma ganrisxebulma herodem

gadawyvita beTlemsa da mis SemogarenSi or wlamde asakis 

yvela Cvili amoewyvita (maTe). 

9. beTlemSive iosebs angelozi gamoecxada da gaaf- 

rTxila, rom herode iesos mosaklavad dasdevs da egvip- 

tisTvis Tavis Sefareba urCia (maTe). 

10. iosebi da misi ojaxi herodes SiSiT egvipteSi garb- 

is (maTe). 

11. herode didi gardaicvala, iudeaSi arqelaosi gamef- 

da da es ambavi iosebs egvipteSi angelozma auwya (maTe). 

12. angelozis rCeviT iosebi galileaSi, nazareTSi dab- 

iosebi da ieso sadurgloSi 

34 

runda da iq dasaxlda 

(maTe). 

13. amis Semdeg, iesos 

Sobidan ormoci dRis 

Tavze, ` . . . roca gas- 

rulda maTi ganwmen- 

dis dReni. . .~ (luka, 

II. 22), ` . . . ierusalim- 

Si waiyvanes igi, raTa 

waredginaT uflis wi- 

naSe~ (luka, II. 22). 

14. `da roca uflis 

sjulisamebr aRas- 

rules yvelaferi, gali

leaSi dabrundnen, TavianT qalaq nazareTSi~ (luka, II. 39). 

da es Tavgadasavali wminda ojaxs ormoci dRis ganmav- 

lobaSi gadaxda Tavs _ ormoc dReSi iosebma da mariamma sul 

cota 1000 – 1200 km gaiares _ nazareTidan beTlemSi, be- 

Tlemidan egvipteSi, egviptidan nazareTSi, nazareTidan ieru- 

salimSi da ukan. warmoudgeneli da daujerebelia, aseT mokle 

droSi maT es manZili daefaraT. 

amitom logikuri iqneba Tu vityviT, rom mas Semdeg, rac 

iosebma da misma ojaxma ormoci dRis Tavze ierusalimis taZ- 

ari moiloca, iosebs nazareTSi gamoecxada angelozi da iq 

auwya, rom herodes iesos mokvla ganezraxa. magram aqve ismis 

mariami da ieso 

kiTxva: ratom gawira ange- 

lozma iosebi da misi ojaxi 

da ratom dauSva maTi ieru- 

salimSi (pirdapir lomis 

xaxaSi) gamgzavreba, roca man, 

angelozma, kargad uwyoda, 

rom `herode mefe SeZrwun- 

ebulia da mTeli ierusalimi 

masTan erTad~ (maTe, II. 1)? 

es xom swored is angelozia, 

iosebs sul Tan rom dayveba 

(maTe, I. 20, 24; II. 13; II. 19, 22) 

da romlis gareSec iosebi 

nabijs ar dgams? da Tun- 

dac asec rom iyos, ratom 

ver moaxerxa herodem maTi 

ierusalimSi daWera? anam da simonma xom mTel `SeZrwunebul~ 

ierusalims gaagebines yrma iesos Soba! (luka, II. 38). mkiTxvels 

SevaxsenebT, rom es is motyuebuli, SeZrwunebuli da ganrisxe- 

buli herodea, romelmac, sxva rom araferi, sikvdilamde xuTi 

35

dRiT adre sakuTari ufrosi vaJi moakvlevina taxtis moc- 

ileobis sababiT da daibara, rom misi sikvdilis Semdeg yvela 

ebraeli warCinebuli amoewyvitaT. iosebma da misma ojaxma ki 

ierusalimidan gaaswres mrisxane da daundobel herodes da 

mSvidobiT dabrundnen TavianT qalaq nazareTSi. (?) 

amrigad, maTes da lukas saxarebebi istoriul nawilSi da, 

amdenad, iesos biografiul nawilSi, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi 

daemTxveva erTmaneTs, Tu maTi monaTxrobebidan amoviRebT 

ararsebul aRweras, iosebisa da mariamis nazareTidan be- 

TlemSi mogzaurobas, herodes mier iesos devnas, aRmosavlel 

mogvebs, varskvlavebsa da angelozebs da ierusalimel mox- 

ucebs simonsa da anas. 

SevniSnavT, rom egvipteSi iesos ojaxi SeiZleba marTla 

cxovrobda (Tumca amis damadasturebeli aranairi istoriuli 

sabuTi ar arsebobs), magram ufro damajerebelia, rom iq naza- 

reTidan wasuliyvnen ara naCqarevad, aramed iesos dabadebidan 

erTi wlis Semdeg. gadmocemiT cnobilia (Tomas saxareba), rom 

iesos swored egvipteSi èmateboda sibrZne da asaki~ (luka, 

II. 52; II. 40) da ar aris gamoricxuli, rom nazareTSi 12 wlis 

Semdeg, anu jer kidev arqelaosis mefobis dros, 5-6 wels da- 

brunebuliyvnen. 

rac Seexeba 25 dekembers, is iesos dabadebis dRed abso- 

luturad pirobiTad aris aRebuli. saqme isaa, rom am dRes 

mTeli romis imperia `mzis dabadebas~ zeimobda. am dRes emTx- 

veva e.w. buniaoba _ dRe-Ramis gasworeba. zeimSi da mxiarule- 

baSi romis warmarT mosaxleobasTan erTad, tradiciisamebr, 

qristianebic monawileobdnen. qristianma mRvdelmTavrebmac 

gadawyvites iesos Sobac am dRes ezeimaT. 

radgan iosebi da fexmZime mariami beTlemSi ar gamgzavre- 

bulan da radgan, maTesa da lukas mtkicebiT, mogvebisa da 

mwyemsebis iesosadmi Tayvaniscemis epizodebi beTlemSi moxda, 

36

gamovTqvamT varauds, rom es monaTxrobebi miTiuri da ara- 

istoriulia. miTumetes, rom Cndeba kiTxvebi: varskvlavma, 

romelic mogvebs win miuZRvis, ratom pirdapir yrma iesomde 

ar miiyvana isini? ratom ar gaafrTxila angelozma mogvebi, 

rom herodesTan saubrisas meti windaxeduleba gamoeCinaT? 

mogvebis herodesTan, rbilad rom vTqvaT, gulubryvilo 

saubarma xom maprovocireblad imoqmeda mZvinvare mmarT- 

velze, rasac or wlamde Cvilebis gaJleta moyva! mogvebis 

fonze lukas mwyemsebi alali da uwyinarebi Canan. da Tu iesos 

dabadebis scenaris SerCeva gemovnebis sakiTxia, maSin, ra Tqma 

unda, lukas monaTxrobi, misi humanurobisa da simSvidis gamo, 

CvenTvis metad misaRebia. magram mainc davubrundeT maTesa da 

ieso ufros naxevarZmebTan, simonsa da iudasTan da 

naxevarda mariamTan erTad iosebis sadurgloSi 

lukas saxarebebs da SeZlebisdagvarad SevajeroT isini erT- 

maneTs iesos dabadebis aRweris epizodebSi. 

maTe gasagebad da xazgasmiT ambobs, rom ` . . . daibada ieso 

37

qriste, herodes mefobis Jams. . .~ (maTe, II. 1), xolo ` . . . rode- 

sac aResrula herode. . .~ (maTe, II. 19), ` . . . arqelaosi mefobso 

iudeaSi mamamisis herodes nacvalad, SeeSinda iq misvla. . .~ 

(maTe, II. 22). saubaria iosebze, romelmac angelozisgan icoda, 

rom ` . . . mokvdnen isini, vinc eZiebdnen yrmis sikvdils~ (maTe, 

II. 20), magram mainc SeeSinda herode didis memkvidris (vaJis) 

arqelaosis da iudeas galilea arCia `da mivida da daesaxla 

qalaqSi, romelsac hqvia nazareTi~ (maTe, II. 23). ibadeba kiTxva: 

ar icoda iosebma, arqelaosis SiSiT iudeaSi rom ar dasax- 

lda da galileis nazareTi arCia, rom galileis mmarTveli 

herodes meore vaJi antipa iyo? ratom antipasi ar SeeSinda 

iosebs? Cveni azriT, aq saqme Tavad arqelaosSia. da ai ratom: 

mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom herode I didi herodianTa dinas- 

tiis damaarsebelia. igi mefobda Cvens welTaRricxvamde 37 – 

4 wlebSi. misi sikvdilis Semdeg misi samefo sam nawilad gaiyo: 

samariis, iudeisa da iduneis mmarTveli gaxda arqelaosi, 

romelmac dairqva saxeli (gnebavT, tituli) herode (Cvens 

welTaRricxvamde 4 _ Cveni welTaRricxviT 6 wlebi). galileis 

mmarTveli gaxda herode didis meore vaJi antipa (Cvens wel- 

TaRricxvamde 4 _ Cveni welTaRricxviT 39 wlebi). es is anti- 

paa, ieso `melas~ rom eZaxis (luka, XIII. 32). herodes mesame, ger 

vaJs, filipes (Cvens welTaRricxvamde 4 _ Cveni welTaRricx- 

viT 34 wlebi) ergo ituria, batanea da siriis samxreTi nawili. 

arqelaosi sibrZniT ar gamoirCeoda, xolo sisastikeSi mamas 

tols ar udebda. mas mmarTveloba axali dawyebuli hqonda, 

roca ierusalimSi didi areuloba moxda. paseqis dros ieru- 

salimSi israelis sxvadasxva kuTxidan uamravi xalxi iyrida 

Tavs. qalaqSi arqelaos_herodes mowinaaRmdegeebma gamosv- 

lebi daiwyes, romelic mRelvarebasa da SfoTSi gadaizarda. 

arqelaosma momrigeblebi gagzavna, magram uSedegod. rode- 

sac arqelaosis mier gagzavnili samxedro razmi xalxma qvebiT 

38

Caqola, arqelaosma ajanyebulTa dasaSoSmineblad ukve mTeli 

kavaleria gagzavna. maSin ierusalimis quCebSi sami aTasamde 

kaci iqna mokluli, cocxlad gadarCenilebs ki dauyovnebliv 

saxlebSi dabruneba ubrZanes. arqelaosis mowinaaRmdegee- 

bma da mosaxleobam mas keisar avgustusTan uCivles, rasac 

Sedegad moyva is, rom keisarma arqelaos_herode ara mefed, 

aramed `mmarTvelad~ daamtkica, Tumca wlebis manZilze ar- 

qelaoss mmarTvelobis stili ar Seucvlia. mosaxleobisadmi 

gamoCenili simkacrisa da daundoblobis gamo arqelaosi, ro- 

gorc ukve aRvniSneT, 6 wels iudeis mmarTvelobas CamoaSores. 

keisarma avgustusma is gadaayena, xolo misi samflobeloebi 

samarTavad sirias gadaeca, romlis gamgebeli swored lukas 

mier naxsenebi `kvirinusia~. am ukanasknelma, rogorc zemoT 

aRvniSneT, arqelaos_herodes samflobeloSi misi uZrav_moZ- 

ravi qonebis aRsawerad da gadmosaformeblad aRwera Caatara. 

SesaZlebelia, rom arqelaosis am sisastikem garkveuli asaxva 

hpova maTes saxarebaSi da iosebis ojaxi swored arqelaos_ 

herodes meomrebs gaeqca beTlemidan da ara egviptes, aramed 

galileas Seafara Tavi. 

amrigad, orive saxarebis meqanikurad SeerTebiT gamodis, 

rom iosebi da mariami nazareTidan beTlemSi ki ar midian Ca- 

sawerad, aramed arqelaos_herodes SiSiT beTlems toveben 

da nazareTSi saxldebian. iesoc swored arqelaos_herodes 

mmarTvelobis dros daibada Cveni welTaRricxviT 6 wels. 

maTes da lukas saxarebebi iesos dabadebis nawilSi kidev 

erT SemTxvevaSi daemTxvevian erTmaneTs, Tu davuSvebT, rom 

luka SecdomiT axsenebs `kvirinuss~ (luka, II. 2) da SeiZleba 

es punqti (luka, II. 2) unda ikiTxebodes ase: ès iyo pirveli 

aRwera siriaSi kvintilusis gamgeblobisas~. dasaSvebia, rom 

lukas saxelebi `kvintilusi~ da `kvirinusi~ SeSloda, iseve 

rogorc lisaniaze ambobs, abileTis mTavari iyoo (luka, III. 

39

1), maSin rodesac kviprosis gamgebeli lisania am ambebamde 

30 wliT adre gardaicvala. isic SesaZlebelia, rom Semdgomi 

periodis gadamwerebs mosvlodaT Secdoma. saqme isaa, rom 

Cvens welTaRricxvamde 6 _ 4 wlebSi kvintilius variusi ro- 

mis legati iyo siriaSi da es periodi herode didis mefobis 

bolo periods emTxveva. amasTan, kvintilius variusi sakmaod 

aqtiurobda ierusalimSi sxvadasxva amboxis CaxSobisas. arse- 

bobs varaudi, rom arqelaos_herodem swored misi daxmarebiT 

CaaxSo ramdenime amboxi ierusalimSi. am SemTxvevaSi ieso Cvens 

welTaRricxvamde 6 – 4 wlebSi dabadebula. 

rogorc ar unda iyos _ zustad sad daibada ieso _ naz- 

areTSi Tu beTlemSi, dRes arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar aqvs. 

iosebis ojaxSi iSva yrma, saxelad ieso, romelsac istoriam 

wilad arguna kacobriobis svlis borbali waRma daetriale- 

bina. 

40

amdenime mosazreba iesos jvarcmisa da pontius 

pilates rolis Sesaxeb 

arcerT saxarebaSi ar aris moTxrobili, Tu rogori for- 

mis jvarze gaakres ieso. im periodis romis imperiaSi msja- 

vrdebulTa jvarze gasakravad sami formis jvari gamoiyene- 

boda. es formebi iyo: laTinuri aso T-s formis, sworkuTxa 

jvris +-s formis da maxvilkuTxa (blagvkuTxa) X jvris 

formisa. amas garda, gamoiyeneboda marto boZic – I , xarixis 

gareSe. magram radgan ` da daudges TavTiT dawerili. . . ~ 

(maTe, XXVI. 37), ` . . . daakra jvars. . . ~ (ioane, XIX. 19) warwera, 

unda vifiqroT, rom jvars sworkuTxa forma hqonda, radgan 

T formisa da X maxvilkuTxa formis jvrebze warweras ver 

dakidebdnen. xarixis zomebi, savaraudod, iqneboda sigrZiT 

1,80_2,20 m, vertikaluri boZisa – 2,50_3,00 m, xolo orives 

diametri – 25_30 sm. 

a tipi 

rogori konstruqciis iqneboda 

amgvari formis jvari? erT SemTx- 

vevaSi (a tipi) xarixas SuaSi amoWrili 

aqvs mTel siRrmeze da gakeTebulia 

Wrili (Rari), xolo vertikalur boZs 

zeda nawili ise aqvs orive mxridan 

CaWrili (daviwrovebuli), rom mas (fi- 

cris formisas) xarixa zemodan Camoec- 

vas. miRebuli konstruqcia sakmarisad 

myaria da xarixisa da boZis SeerTebis 

adgilas damatebiT lursmnebiT an To- 

kiT gamagrebas ar saWiroebs. aseTi 

jvris gasakeTeblad marto najaxis 

gamoyeneba ar kmara. boZis zeda nawili, 

41

tipi 

misTvis brtyeli ficris formis mi- 

sacemad, SeiZleba orive mxridan na- 

jaxiT gaiTalos, magram xarixaSi Wri- 

lis (Raris) amosaWrelad najaxi ar 

ikmarebs. damatebiT saWiroa soli, 

CaquCi. amasTan, samuSao garkveul os- 

tatobasac moiTxovs. 

meore SemTxvevaSi (b tipi) xar- 

ixasa da boZs erTi romelime mxridan 

amoWrili aqvs erTnairi zomis CaR- 

rmavebebi da maTi gadabma xdeba CaR- 

rmavebebis sigrZeze maTi erTmaneTSi 

CasmiT. a tipTan SedarebiT es konstruqcia naklebad myaria da 

xarixisa da boZis SeerTebis adgilas aucileblad saWiroebs 

lursmnebiT gamagrebas. Tumca, a 

tipisgan gansxvavebiT, mis dasamza- 

deblad mxolod najaxi da ramden- 

ime lursmania saWiro. samuSao nak- 

lebad Sromatevadi da martivia. 

mesame SemTxvevaSi (g tipi) xar- 

ixa da boZi yovelgvari damuSavebis 

gareSe ebmeba erTmaneTs. maTi da- 

magreba ramdenime lursmniT an 

TokebiT xdeba (an oriveTi erTad). 

miuxedavad imisa, rom asawyobad g 

tipi yvelaze iolia (nakleb Sro- 

masa da ostatobas moiTxovs), si- 

myaris TvalsazrisiT is Camouvar- 

deba rogorc a, aseve b tips. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom 

msjavrdebuli sikvdilis Semdeg kidev ramdenime dRe ekida 

jvarze, pirveli da mTavari moTxovna jvris konstruqciis si- 

42 

g tipi

myare unda yofiliyo. am SemTxvevaSi g tipi gamoiricxeba. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom romis armiis samxedro banakSi 

(msjavrdebulis jvarze gakvras jariskacebi asrulebdnen) 

yvelanairi sadurglo xelsawyoebi iyo, naklebad savaraudoa, 

romael jariskacebs a tipis jvris asawyobad dro (albaT erTi 

saaTi mainc) da Sroma daexarjaT. ufro sarwmunoa, rom ieso 

b tipis jvarze gaakres, radgan sadurglo saqmeSi gamocdili 

jariskaci b tipis jvars ramdenime wuTSi Sekravda. 

ieso da pontius pilate 

43 

romauli kanonis mixed- 

viT jvarze sikvdilimisjils 

Tavisi mkvlelobis iaraRi – 

jvari jvarcmis adgilamde 

TviTon unda mietana. xar- 

ixisa da boZis zomebis mixed- 

viT Zneli ar aris maTi wonis 

gansazRvra: xarixis wona sa- 

varaudod 60_70 kg unda yo- 

filiyo, xolo boZisa – 80_90 

kg. Tavad jvris, rogorc er- 

Tiani konstruqciis, wona sul 

cota 150 kg_ia. aseTi (savarau- 

dod, b tipis) jvris golgoTa- 

mde marto tarebas ieso ver Se- 

Zlebda. `da roca mihyavdaT igi, Seipyres vinme simon kirineli 

. . . , da ahkides mas jvari, raTa wamoeRo iesos kvaldakval~ 

(luka, XXIII. 26). jvris marto tareba simon kirinelsac gau- 

Wirdeboda. amitom, savaraudod, simon kirinels jvris erT_ 

erTi nawilis tareba aiZules _ ` . . . da ahkides mas jvari, raTa 

wamoeRo iesos kvaldakval~ (luka, XXIII. 26). simon kirineli 

iesos kvalSi miyveba. marTalia, maT jvris sxvadasxva nawilebi 

miaqvT, magram orives erTad swored iesos mkvlelobis iaraRi

miaqvs golgoTamde. amitom maTze (iesosa da simon kirinelze) 

cal_calkec SegviZlia vTqvaT, jvari miaqvTo (maTe, XXVII. 32); 

(markozi, XV. 21). jvarcmis adgili, rogorc wesi, gzis piras, 

gzajvaredinTan iyo, xSirad _ SemaRlebul adgilze, raTa 

erTi an ramdenime jvarcmulis tanjvisTvis aTasebs eyurebi- 

naT da sxvadasxva qalaqebSi ambavi CaetanaT. mizani gasagebi 

iyo: erTis samagaliTo dasjiT aTasebi morCilebaSi hyoldaT 

(ioane, XIX. 20). 

romauli kanonebis mixedviT, sikvdilmisjils, jvars 

ieso pontius pilates winaSe 

44 

jvarcmis adgil- 

amde rom miitanda, 

aSiSvlebdnen da ise 

awvendnen jvarze. 

magram iudeaSi ro- 

maelebiiTval- iswinebdnen ebraelTa 

wes_Cveulebebs da 

s i k v d i l m i s j i l s 

TeZoebze saxvevs 

utovebdnen. tanisa- 

moss ki jalaTebi in- 

awilebdnen (maTe, XX- 

VII. 35); (markozi, XV. 24). sikvdilmisjils xarixaze, ise rom xe- 

lebi orive mxares gaSlili hqonoda, lursmnebiT aWedebdnen. 

amasTan, lursmans xan xelis mtevnebSi arWobdnen, xanac ma- 

jebSi, msxvil da wvril Zvlebs Soris, ise rom mTavari sisxl- 

ZarRvi ar daezianebinaT _ winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi msjavrde- 

buli sisxlisgan swrafad daicleboda da jvarze gakvris 

mTavari mizani _ neli da mtanjveli sikvdili ar dadgeboda. 

xelebis daWedebis Semdeg jalaTebi sikvdilmisjils fexebs 

moaxrevinebdnen da erTmaneTze dadebuli fexis terfebiT

(erTad an cal_calke) boZze 

miaWedebdnen. jalaTebma SeamC- 

nies, rom Tu jvarze gakruls 

fexebs moaxrevinebdnen da 

boZze mibjenili fexis terfe- 

biT (erTad an cal_calke) mi- 

aWedebdnen boZze, msjavrdebu- 

lis sxeuli jvarze ekideboda, 

mTavari Zala xelebs adgeboda, 

rbili qsovili ver uZlebda sx- 

eulis simZimes da jvarcmuli 

jvridan vardeboda an, Tu 

fexebiTac jvarze iyo miWede- 

buli, sxeuli qvemoT iweoda, muxlebi win gamodioda, msja- 

vrdebuls sunTqva uZneldeboda da swrafad igudeboda. amis 

gamo jvarcmis mTavari mizani – neli da mtanjveli sikvdili 

miuRweveli rCeboda. amitom romaeli jariskacebi jvarc- 

mulis fexebs Soris boZisadmi vertikalurad xan xis naWers 

aWedebdnen xolme da jvarze gakruls, rogorc unagirze, ise 

mjdomare mdgomare 

Semosvamdnen zed (am dros fexebi 

Tavisuflad kidia da isini boZze 

an TokiT aris mibmuli an miWede- 

bulia), xan ki boZze ufro qve- 

moT aWedebdnen ficars da msja- 

vrdebuls am ficarze ayenebdnen, 

fexis terfebs ki am ficarzeve 

aWedebdnen. ase rom, SeiZleba 

iTqvas, sikvdilmisjili jvarze 

ìjda~ an ìdga~. aseT SemTx- 

vevaSi mas neli sikvdili eloda. 

sikvdilis daCqarebis mizniT ms- 

45 

ieso eklis gvirgviniT

jvris zidva simon kirinelTan 

46 

javrdebuls zogjer 

mwvivebs gadaumt- 

vrevdnen xolme. es im 

SemTxvevaSi xdeboda, 

Tu sikvdilmisjili 

jvarze ìdga~, radgan 

Zvlebis gadamtvrevis 

SemTxvevaSi sxeuli 

ficar_sadgarze ver 

dgeba, ficar_sadgarsa 

da sxeuls Soris meqan- 

ikuri kavSiri, romelic 

ZvlebiT xorcieldeba, 

wydeba, sxeuli mxolod xelebiT daWedebuli ekideba jvarze 

da, rogorc zemoT aRvniS- 

neT, gagudvis gamo swrafad 

iRupeba. `jdomis~ SemTx- 

vevaSi mwvivebis gadamtvre- 

vas azri ara aqvs, radgan 

aseT dros fexebi Tavisu- 

flad kidia, sadgars ar 

ebjineba da maTi gadamt- 

vrevis SemTxvevaSi sxeuli 

jvarze ar ekideba. 

erTad 

Cven ar viciT, rogor 

iyo ieso jvarze gakruli 

_ ìjda~ Tu ìdga~. mogvi- 

anebiT iesos jvarcmis e.w. 

`dgomis~ SemTxveva iqna Ser- 

Ceuli (igulisxmeba iesos 

jvarcmis gamosaxulebebi 

jvris aRmarTva

freskebze, tiloebze da sxv.), albaT esTetikuri mosazre- 

biT, radgan `jdomis~ SemTxvevaSi fexebs Soris xis mozrdili 

naWeri cudad gamoCndeboda. mravalTa azriT, iesos mdgomare 

an mjdomare jvarcmis mosazrebas amyarebs is, rom iesos eub- 

nebian, ` . . . Camodi jvridan! ~ (markozi, XV. 30). Cveni azriT, es 

ar unda niSnavdes imas, rom ieso jvarze `zis~ an `dgas~ _ anu 

jvridan Camosvlisas raime meqanikuri moZraoba unda Seasru- 

los _ fexsadgamidan an ùnagiridan~ unda gadmovides. sityva 

`Camodi~ mxolod mimarTulebas unda gviCvenebdes _ iesos 

jvari amaRlebul borcvze idga, jvarcmis Semswre xalxi ki, 

Wirisuflebic da seiris mayureblebic, iesos qvemodan zeviT 

uyurebdnen, amitom qvemoT myofTa poziciidan ieso zemodan 

qvemoT unda Camosuliyo. jvari borcvzec rom ar mdgariyo, 

jvarze gakruli mainc zemoT imyofeba qvemoT mdgomebTan 

mimarTebaSi. 

47 

Cveni azriT, jvarcmuli 

ieso arc ìdga~ da arc ìjda~ 

jvarze _ igi yovelgvari fex- 

sadgamisa da ùnagiris~ gar- 

eSi iyo jvarze gakruli. ro- 

gorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aseT 

SemTxvevaSi sikvdilmisjili 

swrafad iRupeboda, rasac 

iesos jvarze swrafi gar- 

dacvalebac adasturebs. ieso 

ise male gardaicvala jvarze, 

rom sikvdilis dasaCqare- 

blad misTvis mwvivebis gadam- 

tvrevac ki ar dasWirvebiaT. 

anu ieso jvarze, romaelTa 

ieso jvarze or avazaks Soris 

kanonebis sawinaaRmdegod,

neli da mtanjveli sikvdilis nacvlad, swrafi sikvdiliT 

gardaicvala. etyoba, asisTavs, iesos jvarcmisas jariskacebs 

(jalaTebs) rom xelmZRvanelobda, `daaviwyda~ maTTvis eTqva, 

boZze unagiri an fexsadgami daemagrebinaT da jariskacebmac 

ieso pirdapir daaWedes jvarze, ramac misi swrafi sikvdili 

gamoiwvia. rogorc Cans, asisTavs viRacam ubrZana, ieso ase 

gaekraT jvarze (sxva SemTxvevaSi Zneli warmosadgenia, asisTavs 

fexsadgamis an unagiris jvarze damagreba daviwyeboda). da es 

viRac sxva aravin ar iqneboda, Tu ara Tavad pontius pilate. 

Cveni azriT, pontius pilatem iudevelTa mRvdelmTavrebis 

daJinebuli moTxovniT iesos jvarze sikvdilis ganaCeni ki ga- 

moutana, magram neli da mtanjveli sikvdilisTvis ver gaimeta 

da swrafi sikvdili gadauwyvita (es ki namdvilad mis xelSi 

jvarcmuli ieso 

48 

iyo), rac jariskacTa asisTavma 

Seasrula kidec. yovelive ze- 

moTqmuls adasturebs pon- 

tius pilates moqmedebebi 

iesos jvarcmamde da jvarcmis 

Semdeg. 

mravalTa azriT, pontius 

pilates iesos sikvdiliT 

dasja ar undoda. ` . . . bWoba 

gamarTes mRvdelmTavrebma 

uxucesebsa da mwignobrebTan 

erTad . . .~ (markozi, XV. 1) `da 

mRvdelmTavrebi bevr rasme 

sdebdnen bralad~ (markozi, 

XV. 2). `da adga mTeli xalxi, 

da waiyvanes igi pilatesTan~ 

(luka, XXII. 1). pilatem gamoh- 

kiTxa iesos, Tu raSi sdebdnen

als mRvdelmTavrebi. iesos pasuxi rom moismina, ` . . . uTxra 

pilatem mRvdelmTavrebs da xalxs: me verafer brals vpoulob 

am kacSi~ (luka, XXIII. 4). amis Semdeg pilatem herode_antipa- 

sac gaugzavna ieso msjavris dasadebad imis fiqriT, rom iqneb 

is, rogorc iudevelTa uSualo gamrige, ukeT garkveuliyo 

iesos braleulobis saqmeSi. magram herodemac ùkan gaugzavna 

pilates~ (luka, XXIII. 11). ioanes mixedviT, iesosa da pilates 

Soris Teologiur sakiTxebze msjelobac ki gaimarTa (ioane, 

XVIII. 33_38). ` . . . kvlav gamovida iudevelebTan da uTxra 

maT: me veraviTar brals ver vpoulob masSi~ (ioane, XVIII. 38). 

ìudevelebma miuges mas: Cvena gvaqvs rjuli, da Cveni rju- 

lis mixedviT, sikvdilis Rirsia, vinaidan RmerTis Zed daisaxa 

Tavi~ (ioane, XIX. 7). ` . . . cdilobda pilate gaeSva igi. . . ~ (io- 

ane, XIX. 12). amis Semdeg mRvdelmTavrebma iesos ukve politi- 

kuri braldeba wauyenes, riTac pilate gamouval mdgomareo- 

baSi Caayenes _ iesos gaTavisuflebiT is politikur intrigaSi 

gardamoxsna 

49

iesos datireba 

exveoda: `da daiwyes misi braldeba, da ambobdnen: Cven vnaxeT, 

rom es aqezebs xalxs da ukrZalavs keisrisTvis xarkis micemas, 

da Tavis Tavs uwodebs qristes, meufes~ (luka, XXIII. 2). ` . . . 

Tu mas gauSveb, keisris megobari ara xar. radgan visac mefed 

moaqvs Tavi, keisars eurCeba~ (ioane, XIX. 12). `xolo isini ay- 

virdnen: waiyva, waiyva, jvars acvi igi! uTxra maT pilatem: 

Tqveni mefe jvars vacva? mRvdelmTavrebma miuges: ara gvyavs 

mefe, keisris garda~ (ioane, XIX. 15). `maSin misca maT jvarze 

sacmelad. . . ~ (ioane, XIX. 16). `da dawera warwera pilatem da 

daakra jvars. . . ~ (ioane, XIX. 19), `xolo iudevelTa mRvdelm- 

Tavrebma uTxres pilates~ (ioane, XIX. 21), Seecvala warweris 

Sinaarsi, rac pilatem ar gaakeTa. pilates es ukanaskneli 

qmedeba SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom mas, rogorc kerZo pirs, 

iesos sikvdiliT dasja ar undoda, magram rogorc romis ad- 

50

ministraciul_politikuri moxele, iZulebuli gaxda, iude- 

velTa daJinebuli moTxovniT, misi sikvdiliT dasjis brZaneba 

gaeca. gaRizianebuli pilate (iqneb sakuTar Tavzec gabraze- 

buli) mRvdelmTavrebs mkvaxed eubneba, warweras ar Sevcvli, 

` . . . rac davwere, davwere~_o (ioane, XIX. 22). 

Cvens mier zemoT gamoTqmul mosazrebaze is faqtic me- 

tyvelebs, rom pilatem, romauli kanonebis sawinaaRmdegod, 

iesos akldamaSi gadatana 

ioseb arimaTiels iesos cxedari gamoatana _ wesiT, sikvdilm- 

isjili manam unda yofiliyo jvarze gakruli, sanam mis sx- 

euls frinvelebi ar daglejdnen. 

ra Tqma unda, Cveni mizani ar aris romis moxele pontius 

pilates humanur da kacTmoyvare pirovnebad warmoCena. Sesa- 

Zlebelia, saxarebaSi pilates es saxe taqtikuri mosazrebiTac 

Seiqmna. saqme isaa, rom axali aRTqma iesos sikvdilidan 40 – 

80 wlis Semdeg daiwera da wlebis ganmavlobaSi mravalma gad- 

51

iesos akldamaSi dadeba 

amwerma masSi sakuTari xedva da mosazreba Seitana. es is pe- 

riodia, roca qristianebs ebrZvis romis imperiac da iudeac, 

xolo qristianebi qristianobis gasavrceleblad da romis 

imperiaSi adgilis dasamkvidreblad ibrZvian. am miznis misaR- 

wevad qristianebs, ase vTqvaT, or frontze uwevT brZola – 

erTi mowinaaRmdege iudeaa, meore ki warmarTuli romi. Tavad 

idea, rom ieso qriste RmerTis Zea, romaelTaTvis ucxo ar 

aris _ maTi yvela imperatori xom an RmerTia an RvTaebrivi 

apolonis STamomavali! idea, romelic romaelTaTvis met_na- 

klebad misaRebia, iudevelTaTvis absoluturad miuRebelia. 

am uTanasworo brZolaSi qristianebma iudevelTa winaaRmdeg 

yvelaze didi mokavSire ipoves _ Tavad romis imperia! pirveli 

qristianebis gzavnili romis imperiisTvis aseTia: Cven, qris- 

tianebi, arc keisars verCiT da arc romaelebs, piriqiT, mzad 

varT `keisars keisrisa~ gadavuxadoT, oRond nurc Tqven gve- 

brZviT. Tqveni prefeqti pontius pilatec xom aras gverCoda 

52

_ ufro metic, mas arc undoda iesos sikvdiliT dasja, iudeve- 

lebs iZulebuli rom ar gaexadaT. aseTma taqtikam gaamarTla 

da sabolood romis imperiaSi qristianebma gaimarjves. 

53

amdenime mosazreba ioseb arimaTielisa da 

ioanes mier iesos monaTvla 

iesos aRdgomis Sesaxeb 

54 

ieso `jvars acves~ `da 

ase, mecxre saaTs xmamaRla 

SeRaRada iesom~ `da ganuteva 

suli~ (maTe, XXVII. 46, 50). iesos 

jvarze sikvdilis Semdeg sas- 

waulebi iwyeba: `da ganixvnen 

saflavni, da wminda gansveneb- 

ulTa mravalni gvamni aRdgnen~ 

`da gadmovidnen saflavebidan 

misi aRdgomis Semdeg, Sevidnen 

wminda qalaqSi da gamoecxad- 

nen mravalT~ (maTe, XXVII. 52- 

53). Cveni azriT, es yovelive 

maTe evangelistis fantaziis 

nayofia. winaaRmdeg SemTx- 

vevaSi gamodis, rom saflavebidan wamomdgari micvalebulebi 

Sevidnen ierusalimSi, SeaSines xalxi, TavianT saflavebs aRar 

daubrundnen da gaagrZeles ierusalimSi daumarxav mkvdrebad 

yofna! miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven Teologiur davas ar vapir- 

ebT, mainc moviyvanT amasTan dakavSirebiT pavle mociqulis 

azrs: `.... qriste aRdga mkvdreTiT da iqmna pirmSo gansveneb- 

ulTa~ (1 korinT. XV. 20), anu, pavle mociquli garkveviT am- 

bobs, rom qristemde aravin mkvdreTiT ar aRmdgara! 

Semdgom amisa `... wyvdiadma moicva mTeli qveyana (maTe, 

XXVII. 45); (markozi, XV. 33); (luka, XXIII. 44). es SesaZlebelia 

udabnos qarisagan avardnili mtvris (qviSis) gamoc yofiliyo, 

Tumca es movlena amosis winaswarmetyvelebis aRsrulebas mi- 

aweres: ìm dRes iqneba, ambobs ufali, rom SuadRisas Caviyvan

mzes da dRis sinaTleze davabneleb qveyanas~ (amosi, XII. 9), 

xolo luka ufro Sors midis da ambobs, rom `dabnelda mze~ 

(luka, XXIII. 45). mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT es SeuZlebelia, 

radgan paseqs ebraelebi zeimoben savse mTvaris dros, xolo 

am dros dedamiwa mzesa da mTvares Soris imyofeba, mzis dab- 

nelebis dros ki mTvare dgeba mzesa da dedamiwas Soris. 

gavrcelebulia azri, rom jvarcmul iesos rom moswyurda, 

mas wylis magivrad Zmari miawodes. ìqve idga ZmriT savse Wur- 

Weli, xolo maT gauJRinTes Rrubeli ZmriT, usups wamoacves 

da pirTan miutanes mas~ (ioane, XIX. 29). saqme is aris, rom wy- 

alSi gazavebuli Zmari romaeli jariskacebis kvebis racionSi 

Sedioda da misiT savse WurWeli yovelTvis Tan unda etare- 

binaT (Zmari wyals gafuWebisagan icavda da wyurvilsac ufro 

ieso simonTan da andriasTan erTad 

galileis tbaze 

55 

kargad klavda). 

j a r i s k a c m a , 

romelmac Rru- 

beli xis tots 

wamoacva, is 

sasmeli mia- 

woda iesos, 

romelsac Ta- 

vad svamda. Cven 

Sors varT im 

azrisagan, rom 

iesos mimarT 

romaeli jariskacebis es saqcieli maT humanurobas mivaw- 

eroT, miTumetes, Tu gavixsenebT maT mier iesos usastikesad 

garozgvas. magram am SemTxvevaSi jariskacma iesos wyurvili 

mainc moukla, SeiZleba imitom, rom is gauwylovanebisagan ar 

momkvdariyo, radgan ainteresebdaT, marTla gadmovidoda Tu 

ara ieso jvridan: `... moicaT, vnaxoT, mova Tu ara elia mis

iesos qadageba mTaze 

56 

Camosaxsnelado~ (markozi, 

XV. 36). 

ioanes saxarebis mixed- 

viT, `... erTma meomarma 

Subi aZgera ferdSi, da my- 

isve gadmosCqefa sisxlma 

da wyalma~ (ioane, XIX. 34). 

TavisTavad Cndeba azri, 

rom Tu ieso ukve gar- 

dacvlili iyo _ `xolo 

rodesac iesosTan mivid- 

nen, dainaxes, rom ukve 

momkvdariyo...~ (ioane, XIX. 

33) _ Subis Zgerebis Sem- 

deg, Tu sisxlma Sededeba 

ver moaswro, sxeulidan 

mxolod sisxli `gadmosCqefda~, xolo Tu sisxlma Sededeba 

moaswro, maSin araferi ar `gadmosCqefda~. Cveni azriT, ioanem 

arasakmarisad miiCnia, Subis Zgerebis Semdeg mxolod sisxls 

rom `gadmoeCqefa~ da wyalic daumata, wyali, romelic, ro- 

gorc RvTaebrivi simbolo, Tan sdevs ioanes saxarebas. magal- 

iTad, ieso ambobs: `vinc ar daibadeba wylisa da sulisagan, ver 

Seva RvTis sasufevelSi~ (ioane, III. 5); `da visac swams Cemi ….. 

misi muclidan warmodindebian cocxali wylis mdinareni~ (io- 

ane, VII. 38). rac Seexeba Subis Zgerebas, ar aris gamoricxuli, 

jariskacebs Subi marTla èZgerebinaT ferdSi~ iesosTvis imis 

gasarkvevad, mokvda Tu ara ieso. 

romauli kanonebis mixedviT, gardacvalebis Semdeg 

sikvdilmisjili manamade unda yofiliyo jvarze gakruli, sa- 

nam mas mtacebeli frinveli ar daglejda. ebrauli kanonebis 

mixedviT ki gardacvlils jvridan xsnidnen da mzis Casvlamde

ieso da misi mowafeebi yanaSi 

57 

marxavdnen qalaqis ga- 

reT gaunaTlav saerTo 

sasaflaoze. iudeaSi 

romauli kanonebi 

ebraelebs uflebas 

aZlevda jvarcmuli 

naTesavebisa da axlo- 

blebisaTvis gadaecaT, 

Tu es ukanasknelni 

isurvebdnen jvarc- 

mulis dakrZalvas. 

swored am mizniT _ 

iesos cxedris gamosax- 

snelad mivida pilates- 

Tan vinme ioseb arima- 

Tieli (maTe, XXVII. 57, 

58); (markozi, XV. 43-45); 

(luka, XXIII. 50-52); (ioane, 

XIX. 38). darwmunebiT Sei- 

Zleba Tqma, rom ieso nelsacxeblebis cxebis gareSe `dakrZa- 

les kldeSi gamokveTil samarxSi~_ micvalebulis gasapatios- 

neblad dro aRar rCeboda, radgan SabaTi axlovdeboda: `da 

iyo dRe paraskevi da Tendeboda SabaTi~ (luka, XXII. 54), xolo 

SabaTs, rjulis mixedviT, marTlmorwmune ebraels yvela mo- 

qmedeba (saqmis keTeba) akrZaluli hqonda. `xolo man iyida 

tilo (saubaria ioseb arimaTielze _ a. t.) da Camoxsna igi 

jvridan, gaaxvia tiloSi da samarxSi daasvena ... ~ (markozi, 

XV. 46). amasve gadmogvcems maTesa da lukas saxarebebic (maTe, 

XXVII. 59-60); (luka, XXIII. 53). am saxarebebSi ar aris laparaki 

imaze, rom iesos dakrZalvis win nelsacxeblebi scxes, lapara- 

kia mxolod misi sxeulis tiloSi gaxvevaze. es rom asea, iqi

danac Cans, rom galilevelma qalebma, romlebic jvarcmas da 

Semdeg gardamoxsnas eswrebodnen, kargad icodnen, rom iesos 

cxedari ar ganubaniaT da nelsacxeblebi ar ucxiaT. amasTan 

dakavSirebiT lukas saxarebaSi vkiTxulobT: `da mihynen gali- 

leidan iesosTan erTad mosuli qalebic, da ixiles samarxic 

da isic, Tu rogor daido misi sxeuli. xolo Semdeg dabrund- 

nen da moamzades surnelovani sakmeveli da nelsacxebeli ... 

xolo kviris pirvel dRes, gamzadebuli nelsacxeblebiT, di- 

ieso da mariam magdaleli 

lauTenia mividnen saflavTan...~ (luka, XXIII. 55-56; XXIV. 1). 

amasve ambobs markozis saxarebac (markozi, XV. 46-47; XVI. 1-2). 

ase rom, iesosTvis nelsacxeblebi rom ecxo vinmes, es gali- 

level qalebs aucileblad ecodinebodaT da arc nelsacxe- 

blebis momzadeba dasWirdebodaT, rom kviras dilauTenia mi- 

suliyvnen iesos akldamasTan. ioane ver egueba im faqts, rom 

58

ieso nelsacxeblebis cxebis gareSe dakrZales (imis miuxeda- 

vad, rom amisi obieqturi mizezebi arsebobda) da Tavis sax- 

arebaSi xazgasmiT ambobs, ieso `Cveulebisamebr~ daikrZala, da 

vinme nikodemem `... moitana murisa da aloes nazavi, asiod li- 

tra ...~, `... aiRes iesos sxeuli da gaaxvies tiloSi, nelsacxe- 

blebTan erTad, rogorc Cveulebisamebr marxaven iudevelni~ 

(ìoane, XX. 40). ioane nikodemes nelsacxeblebsac ar sjerdeba 

da Tavis saxarebaSi imasac ixsenebs, rogor scxo iesos mari- 

amma iesos damarxvis dRisaTvis Senaxuli mironi beTaniaSi (io- 

ane, XII. 3, 7). 

CvenTvis ucnobia, Tu konkretulad sad daikrZala ieso. 

markozis da lukas saxarebebi amis Sesaxeb arafers gveubneba, 

ieso lazares debis, 

marTasa da mariamis 

saxlSi 

maTes saxarebis mixedviT akl- 

dama ioseb arimaTiels ekuT- 

vnoda (maTe, XXVII. 60), xolo 

ioanes mixedviT ieso naCqare- 

vad damarxes baRSi, sadac iyo 

`... samarxi, romelSic manamde 

aravin daesvenebinaT~ (ioane, 

XIX. 41), magram imaze arafers 

ambobs, Tu vis ekuTvnoda baRi, 

Tumca mogvianebiT gvacnobebs, 

rom baRs mebaRec hyavda (ioane, 

XX. 15). petres saxarebis av- 

toris mixedviT, es baRi ioseb 

arimaTiels ekuTvnoda (petres 

saxareba, 24). 

iesos dapatimrebis Rames 

misma mowafeebma, imis SiSiT, rom maTac igive elodaT, miato- 

ves TavianTi moZRvari da ierusalimSi miimalnen, mogvianebiT 

ki galileaSi gaqceviT uSveles Tavs, riTac gasaocari sulis 

59

simdable gamoavlines. ioanes saxareba ki gvimtkicebs, rom io- 

ane, iesos sayvareli mowafe, eswreboda iesos jvarcmas da rom 

ioanes saxarebac misive dawerilia, rasac TiTqos adasturebs 

kidec ioanes saxarebis erT-erTi bolo winadadeba, rom ès 

aris mowafe, romelic mowmobs amas, da dawera es. da viciT, 

rom WeSmaritia mowmoba misi~ (ioane, XXI. 24), magram es ar See- 

sabameba simarTles. ioanes saxareba vinme ucnobi qristianis 

mier aris dawerili da meti damajereblobisaTvis ioane masSi 

isea moxseniebuli, rogorc cocxali. es saxareba rom ioane 

mociqulis dawerili iyos, igi mesame pirSi ar daiwyebda amis 

mtkicebas. amasve mowmobs ioanes saxarebis epizodebi (ioane, 

XII. 23-25; XIX. 26-27). amas garda, bevri sxva gamokvlevac arse- 

bobs, romelic adasturebs, rom ioanes saxareba ioane moci- 

qulis kalams ar ekuTvnis, magram axala amaze saubari Sors 

wagviyvans. faqtia, rom iesos jvarcmas misi arcerTi mowafe 

ar daswrebia. 

SevecadoT warmovidginoT iesos jvarcmasa da misi 

jvarze sikvdilis scena. jvari, romelzec ieso gaakres, idga 

ieso da samariteli qali WasTan 

60 

SemaRlebul adgilas, 

romelsac golgoTa er- 

qva. qvemoT mdgomebs 

kargad SeeZloT dae- 

naxaT iesos tanjva 

da Tvali edevnebinaT 

misi cxovrebis bolo 

wuTebisaTvis. saR- 

amovdeboda, udabnos 

qari uberavda, SubebiT 

SeiaraRebuli romaeli 

jariskacebi yviriliTa 

da SeZaxilebiT kravdnen wres jvarcmulTa garSemo. iqve idga

seiris mayurebelTa didi 

brbo, yoveli mxridan is- 

moda iesos da misi mim- 

devrebis wyevla-krulva, 

dacinva da momakvdavi 

iesos abuCad agdeba. mo- 

ZaladeTa brboSi Cakar- 

guliyvnen umweo gali- 

leveli qalebi _ iesos 

deda mariami, mariam mag- 

daleli, ioana, zebedes 

ZeTa deda... maT yursac 

miswvda is ambavi, rom 

jvarcmulebs, romle- 

bic jer kidev cocxlebi 

iyvnen, mRvdelTmTavrebi, 

maTi rjulisamebr, sikvdilis Semdeg jvarze ver datovebdnen 

da mzis Casvlamde unda daemarxaT. Tan SabaTi axlovdeboda. 

saWiro iyo jvarcmulTa sikvdilis daCqareba. amitomac gadaw- 

yvites kaci gaegzavnaT pilatesTan, rom jvarcmulTaTvis 

mwvivebis gadamtvrevis ufleba aeRoT da amiT daeCqarebinaT 

maTi sikvdili. ismendnen yovelive amas umweo galileveli qa- 

lebi da uZlurni iyvnen win aRdgomodnen borotebas. imasac 

xedavdnen galileveli qalebi, rom iesos dalursmuli xel- 

fexi da maTraxiT daglejili sxeuli ise ar stkioda, rogorc 

imaze swydeboda guli, rom jer sisxlismierma Zmebma miatoves, 

axla ki mowafeebmac uRalates. 

ieso bavSvebTAn erTad 

es sircxvili qristianebs ioseb arimaTielma moswminda. 

aravin icis, istoriuli pirovnebaa Tu ara ioseb arimaTieli. 

mas axali aRTqma sul ramdenime winadadebiT moixseniebs. 

SesaZloa is bibliuri personaJic iyo, msgavsad aRmosavleli 

61

mogvebisa. magram swored ioseb arimaTieli aRmoCnda saWiro 

adgilas yvelaze saWiro dros. rom ara ioseb arimaTieli, dab- 

neuli, SeSinebuli da sasowarkveTili galileveli qalebi ver 

gabedavdnen pontius pilatesTan misvlas da iesos cxedris 

gamoTxovas. ioseb arimaTielma ki gabedulad itvirTa es huma- 

nuri saqme da uSiSrad mivida pontius pilatesTan iesos cxe- 

dris gamosaTxovad. man icoda, rom am nabijiT did riskze mid- 

ioda da Tavs safrTxeSi igdebda _ mRvdelmTavrebis risxvas 

rom udaod daimsaxurebda, es naTeli iyo da SeiZleboda arc 

pilates daerTo neba cxedris waRebisa da mRvdelmTavrebis 

risxvas pilates guliswyromac damateboda. rom ara ioseb ara- 

iesos mier avadmyofis 

gankurneba 

62 

imaTieli, mRvdelmTavrebi 

iesos cxedars uwmindur, 

gaunaTlav adgilas dafla- 

vdnen. SesaZloa, ioseb 

arimaTieli arc iyo iesos 

mimdevari, magram usamarT- 

lobam, TanamoZmeTa ugu- 

lobam da galileveli qa- 

lebis umweobam SeZra da 

gaabedvina am nabijis ga- 

dadgma. amitom aris, rom 

iesos mimdevrebi, ioseb 

arimaTielis saqcieliT 

gakvirvebulebi, mas `mdi- 

dar~, `warCinebul mrCev- 

lad~ moixsenieben. ioane 

kidev ufro Sors midis da 

ioseb arimaTielze ambobs, ìesos mowafe~ iyoo (ioane, XIX. 38). 

mokled, ioseb arimaTieli rom ara, aravin iyo galileveli 

qalebis Semwe da nugeSismcemeli.

gardamoxsnis Semdeg ioseb arimaTielma ieso èbrauli we- 

sisamebr~ dakrZala da akldamas lodi miado. swored ioseb 

arimaTielis am gabeduli saqcielis wyalobiT Seityves gali- 

levelma qalebma, Tu sad iyo ieso dakrZaluli da kvira dRes 

mis akldamasTan mividnen. swored ioseb arimaTielis mier 

midebuli lodis gadagorebis Semdeg euwya qveyanas iesos aR- 

dgoma. 

Cven gvinda ramdenime mosazreba gamovTqvaT ioseb ari- 

maTielis Sesaxeb. warmoSobiT igi iudeis qalaq arimaTeadan 

unda yofiliyo. magram gakvirvebas iwvevs is, Tu raSi das- 

iesos qadageba 

Wirda warCinebul da mdidar arimaTiels ierusalimis max- 

loblad sakuTari akldamis aSeneba (kldeSi gamoWra). msgavsi 

akldamis kldeSi gamoWra mas aseTive warmatebiT SeeZlo ari- 

maTeis maxlobladac. gakvirvebas kidev ufro aZlierebs is, 

63

om misi akldama mdebareobda baRSi golgoTis maxloblad, 

im golgoTisa, sadac sikvdilmisjilebs jvarze akravdnen. 

ara gvgonia, ioseb arimaTielis SesaZleblobisa da gaqanebis 

kacs aseT adgilas moendomebina sakuTari Tavisa da ojaxis 

wevrebis dakrZalva. ufro sarwmunoa, rom ioseb arimaTielma 

iesos cxedari golgoTis maxloblad mdebare baRSi droe- 

biT dakrZala (gadamala) saxeldaxelo akldamaSi, samarxSi, 

`romelSic manamde aravin daesvenebinaT~ (ioane, XIX. 41). Cveni 

azriT, am winadadebidan Cans, rom es `samarxi~ micvalebulTa 

dasamarxad ar iyo gankuTvnili da ai ratom: TavisTavad si- 

tyva `samarxi~ niSnavs micvalebulis dakrZalvis adgils, 

romelSic imTaviTve carieli adgili igulisxmeba, anu, Tu sa- 

marxSi vinme marxia, is axali micvalebulis samarxi ver iqneba. 

ioanes saxarebis avtors sityva `samarxisaTvis~ rom ar miewera 

winadadeba `romelSic manamde aravin daesvenebinaT~ da marto 

samarxis aRniSvniT dakmayofilebuliyo, Cven, ra Tqma unda, 

sityvaSi `samarxi~ cariel adgils vigulisxmebdiT. magram am 

miniSnebis gamo _ `romelSic manamde aravin daesvenebinaT~ _ 

unda vigulisxmoT, rom es samarxi is adgili ki ar aris, rasac 

es sityva, Cveulebriv, aRniSnavs, aramed raRac uCveulo adg- 

ilia, romelsac specialuri ganmarteba dasWirda _ `... samarxi, 

romelSic manamade aravin daesvenebinaT~, sxva sityvebiT rom 

vTqvaT, iseTi tipis samarxia, romelSic micvalebulebs, ro- 

gorc wesi, ar marxaven. 

rogorc Cans, ioseb arimaTielma iesos cxedari baRSi ga- 

damala da zed lodi miafara. Cveni azriT, rogori uSiSari 

da gabedulic ar unda yofiliyo ioseb arimaTieli, jvarc- 

muls, romelic, ebrauli kanonebis mixedviT, wesiT, uwmindur 

adgilas unda damarxuliyo, vinme warCinebuli adamianis, ucxo 

piris cariel akldamaSi ver daasvenebda, Tundac droebiT 

(ioseb arimaTielis mier iesos cxedris droebiT dakrZalvaSi 

64

cxedris gadamalva igulisxmeba). 

es mosazreba amyarebs azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom ieso, savarau- 

dod, droebiT, micvalebulTaTvis uCveulo adgilas iqna da- 

krZaluli _ baRSi, SesaZloa, kldis napralSi. bunebrivia, am 

SemTxvevaSi ioseb arimaTiels mebaRis Tanxmobac dasWird- 

eboda. marTalia, saxarebidan ar Cans, magram SesaZloa ioseb 

arimaTielma mebaRe saflavs mcvelad dauyena. rogorc Cans, 

amis Sesaxeb mariam magdalelmac icis. es rom asea da mebaRec 

rom daeswro iesos dakrZalvas, iqidanac Cans, rom kvira 

diliT mariam magdalelma ùcxo mamakaci~ rom dainaxa, ucbad 

mebaRed miiCnia is. 

sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom egvipteSi aRmoaCines koptur enaze 

dawerili e.w. aRdgomis krebuli, saidanac irkveva, rom am mebaRes, rom- 

lisTvisac iesos Svili mourCenia, filogeni rqmevia da is iesos 

iesos mier bavSvis gankurneba 

65 

mimdevari yofila. 

d a k r Z a l v i s a s 

filogens iesos 

deda mariamisTvis 

uTqvams, iudevel 

mRvdelmTavrebs 

iesos saidumlo 

adgilas da- 

krZalva undodaT, 

rom mis mowafeebs 

neSti ar moeparaT 

da me SevTavaze 

mRvdelmTavrebs, Cems baRSi arsebul akldamaSi davkrZalav 

da meve vudarajeb, rom aravin waiRoso. gulSi ki gavifiqre, 

ambobs filogeni, iudevelebi rom daiSlebian, gamoval, iesos 

nelsacxeblebs vcxeb da sxva adgilas gadavasvenebo. aseT Sem- 

TxvevaSi gasakviri ar aris, kvira diliT misul galilevel

Wirisufal qalebs iesos akldama carieli rom daxvdaT. amas- 

Tan, mariam magdaleli Tavis fiqrebSi da iesos mowafeebTan 

saubarSi uSvebs im azrs, rom iesos cxedari vinmes SeeZlo 

sxvagan waeRo (gadaesvenebina an gadaemala). `... samarxidan wau- 

RiaT ufali, da ar viciT, sad dadves igi~ (ioane, XX. 2; XX. 13). 

`mas egona, mebaReao, da uTxra mas: batono, Tu Sen waiRe igi, 

miTxari, sad dade, da me aviReb mas~ (ioane, XX. 15). 

maTes saxareba gveubneba, rom `mRvdelmTavrebma~ `... sa- 

marxis dasacavad dabeWdes lodi da daraji dauyenes~ (maTe, 

XXVII. 62-66). petres saxarebis mixedviT, pilatem `mRvdelm- 

Tavrebs da mwignobrebs~ romaeli jariskacebis dacvac gaay- 

ola petroniusis meTaurobiT. 

saqme is aris, rom roca iesos pirvel mimdevrebSi car- 

ieli saflavis (akldamis) gamo gaCnda iesos aRdgomis idea, 

skeptikosebma es idea ar miiRes da gamoTqves azri, rom ieso 

ki ar aRdga, aramed misma mimdevrebma moipares misi cxedari 

da gadamales. amis sapasuxod pirveli qristianebi iZule- 

buli gaxdnen SeeTxzaT legenda, romelic neStis moparvas 

imTaviTve gamoricxavda. ase gaCnda versia, rom pilates- 

Tan mividnen `mRvdelmTavarni da farisevelni~ da mas iesos 

saflavTan dacvis dayeneba mosTxoves, radgan `... gagvaxsenda 

... Tqva: sami dRis Semdeg aRvdgebio~ da rom maT (mRvdelmTa- 

varT da farisevelT), iesos am sityvebis ar sjeraT, magram 

SiSoben, rom iesos mowafeebma àr moiparon igi da ar uTxran 

xalxs: mkvdreTiT aRdgao...~ (maTe, XVII. 63-64), anu iudevelma 

mRvdelmTavrebma winaswar ganWvrites, rom gaCndeboda rwmena 

iesos aRdgomisa. maTes saxarebis mixedviT, iesos aRdgomis 

Semdeg mcvelebi wavidnen qalaqSi da moaxsenes mRvdelm- 

Tavrebs, rac moxda (maTe, XXVIII. 11-12). mRvdelmTavrebi maT 

naambobs, cxadia, ar daijerebdnen da obieqtur gamoZiebas 

moiTxovdnen, romelic simarTles daadgenda. maTes mixedviT 

66

ki moxda piriqiT _ mRvdelmTavrebma didi qrTami misces mcve- 

lebs `da uTxres: TqviT, rom misi mowafeebi movidnen RamiT 

da, vidre geZinaT, moipares igi~ (maTe, XXVIII. 13). maTes sax- 

arebidan Cans, rom mRvdelmTavrebma da uxucesebma daijeres 

jariskacebis monayoli iesos aRdgomis Sesaxeb da moqrTamviT 

aTqmevines sicrue simarTlis nacvlad. aqedan erTi daskvnis 

gamotana SeiZleba – Tu mRvdelmTavrebi irwmunebdnen iesos 

mkvdreTiT aRdgomas, maSin isini misi mimdevrebi gaxdebodnen 

da amiT yvelaferi damTavrdeboda, xolo Tu ar daijerebdnen, 

arc qrTams ar miscemdnen jariskacebs. 

amis garda, Tu iesos akldama marTlac dabeWdili iyo da 

xelisuflebis brZanebiT mas jariskacebi (sulerTia, ieru- 

salimis taZris dacva Tu romaelebi) icavdnen, amis Sesaxeb 

iesos mimdevrebsac ecodinebodaT. Sesabamisad, galilevel 

qalebs, kvira diliT nelsacxeblebiT iesos akldamisken rom 

midiodnen, ar unda hqonodaT imis imedi, rom dacva maT iesos 

cxedramde miuSvebda. xolo Tu imedi hqondaT, rom iesos nel- 

sacxeblebs scxebdnen da erTaderTi dabrkoleba saflavze mi- 

yudebuli mZime lodi iyo, maSin maT icodnen, rom saflavTan 

dacva ar idga da xelsac veravin SeuSlidaT. 

msgavsi naklebad damajerebeli Sinaarsis epizodebi sax- 

arebaSi mravlad aris, magram isini erT mizans emsaxureba _ 

iesos mimdevrebma iudevelebs da Semdeg romis imperias unda 

daumtkicon, rom ieso RmerTkacia. xdeba ara mxolod iesos 

biografiis, aramed misi genealogiuri xazis Selamazeba. ase 

magaliTad, maTe iosebis genealogiur samefo xazs abraamidan 

iwyebs da iosebamde Camodis: `... eliazarma Sva matTani; mat- 

Tanma Sva iakobi...~ (maTe, I. 15); ... iakobma Sva iosebi...~ (maTe, I. 

16), rasac unda mohyoloda logikuri gagrZeleba, rom iosebma 

Sva ieso, magram maTe icavs mTavar qristianul dogmats mari- 

amis mier iesos `suliwmindisagan~ Sobisa, da brwyinvale gamo- 

67

iesos didebiT Sesvla ierusalimSi 

savals poulobs _ is wyvets iosebis genealogiur xazs, svams 

Sig sityvebs `qmari mariamisa~ da ase agrZelebs: `... iakobma Sva 

iosebi, qmari mariamisa, visganac iSva ieso...~ (maTe, I. 16) 

amave gzas adgas lukac. lukac amtkicebs, rom iosebi, naz- 

areveli xuro, mZime SromiT Zlivs rom gaaqvs Tavi, daviTis 

sisxlismieri naTesavia. pirvelive winadadebaSi luka iesoze 

ambobs, iosebis Ze egonaTo, da amis Semdeg adamamde da Rmer- 

Tamde agrZelebs iosebis genealogiur xazs (luka, II. 23-38). 

Tu ieso SecdomiT miiCnies iosebis Zed (ègonaT~), maSin ra 

kavSirSia daviTis naTesaoba iesosTan! 

zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, rom iesos yvela mowafem, ukve iesos 

dapatimrebis Rames Tu ara, meore dRes, saswrafod datova 

ierusalimi imis SiSiT, rom mRvdelmTavrebs iesos yvelaze 

68

cnobili mimdevrebic ar daepatimrebinaT, da SeSinebulebma 

galileas Seafares Tavi. rom ara galileveli qalebi, maT arc 

ki ecodinebodaT, sad dakrZales ieso. 

warmovidginoT, rom ioseb arimaTieli ar yofiliyo iq 

iesos jvarcmisas da ar moemoqmedebina is, rac moimoqmeda 

_ anu amoviRoT ioseb arimaTieli da misi qmedebani saxare- 

bidan da vnaxoT, rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi ioseb ari- 

mevaxSeebis gamodevna taZridan 

XVI. 10), erTad Seiyrebodnen. 

maTielis gareSe. aseT 

SemTxvevaSi marto dar- 

Cenili galileveli qa- 

lebi iesos cxedars ver 

gamoixsnidnen, iudeveli 

mRvdelmTavrebi iesos 

cxedars qalaqis meore 

boloSi arsebul saerTo 

saflavSi daflavdnen da 

iesos saflavis adgilsa- 

myofeli aravis ecodine- 

boda, maT Soris, bune- 

brivia, arc galilevel 

qalebs. ramdenime dRis 

Semdeg isini galileaSi 

dabrundebodnen, iesos 

mowafeebi da mimdevrebi 

ki, romlebic `tirodnen 

da moTqvamdnen~ (markozi, 

swored iq, galileaSi, iesos mowafeebma da mimdevrebma, 

TavianTi sulmokleobis misaCqmalad _ gavixsenoT Tundac pe- 

tres mier iesos sagzis uaryofa (maTe, XXVI. 70, 72, 74) _ wa- 

moayenes idea, rom TiTqos iesom maT Tavisi jvarcmis Semdeg 

galileaSi wasvla ubrZana (maTe, XXVII. 7). `... wadiT, auwyeT 

69

Cems Zmebs, rom galileas wavidnen, da iq mixilaven me~ (maTe, 

XXVII. 10); `xolo Cemi aRdgomis Semdeg wagiZRvebiT Tqven gali- 

leisaken~ (markozi, XIV. 28); `xolo TerTmeti moswavle gali- 

leas wavida, mTaze, sadac ubrZana maT iesom~ (maTe, XXVIII. 16). 

iesos Wirisufali qalebi galileaSi rom dabrundnen da 

iesos jvarze sikvdilis ambavi Camoitanes, iqve daibada iesos 

àRdgomis~ idea, rom `qriste aRdga~. magram rogor daumt- 

kicon iesos mimdevrebma danarCen iudeas iesos xorcieli 

aRdgoma? micvalebulis (gardacvlilis) xorcieli aRdgomi- 

saTvis aucilebelia (da ara sakmarisia) aTxrili saflavi an 

ieso mowafeebTan erTad 

aklamidan gadagorebuli mZime lodi, agreTve akldamasTan 

dayrili tiloebi an dakecili sudara da misTanani. anu, roca 

vambobT, rom gardacvlili xorcielad aRdga, igulisxmeba, 

rom man saxeze dafarebuli tiloebi da tanze Semoxveuli 

70

sudara moixsna, iqve daawyo, mZime lodi gadaagora da ak- 

ldamidan gamovida. magram es ar aris sakmarisi _ SeiZleba 

lodic gadagorebuli iyos, sudara da tiloebic dakecili 

ewyos, magram es ar niSnavdes, rom micvalebuli xorcielad 

aRdga _ sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom micvalebuli vinmes ga- 

daesvenebina, gadaemala da sxva. maSasadame, Tu ieso miusafar 

adgilas dakrZales, saWiroa davamtkicoT, rom igi am adgilas 

ar daukrZalavT, saWiroa davamtkicoT, rom igi dakrZales 

`... rogorc Cveulebisamebr marxaven iudevelebi~ (ioane, XIX. 

40). magram rogor movawyoT iesos dakrZalva, Tu mis jvarc- 

mas arcerTi mamakaci (igulisxmeba misi mowafeebi) ar eswreba? 

ai, swored aq Cndeba ìoseb arimaTieli~, romelic araTu 

gamoiTxovs iesos cxedars pilatesagan, aramed dakrZalavs 

kidec droebiT, marTalia, ara Cveulebriv `samarxSi~ aramed 

samarxSi, `romelSic manamde aravin daesvenebinaT~ da akldama- 

sac did lods miafarebs, raTa meore dRes igi gadagorebuli 

ixilon. Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, ioseb arimaTieli ar aris istori- 

uli pirovneba, is bibliuri personaJia, magram mniSvnelovani 

figuraa, romelmac maSinve SeiZina saxeli ìoseb arimaTieli~, 

aRmosavleli mogvebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTac kaspari, 

balTazari da melqiori mogvianebiT ewodaT. daujerebelia, 

rom iesos mowafeebs uklebliv yvelas ise ewama iesos aRd- 

goma, rom amis damadasturebeli araferi ar hqonodaT. miTu- 

metes, Cven viciT, rom yvela maTganma SemdgomSi mowameobrivi 

sikvdiliT daamTavra sicocxle, anu isini sakuTar rwmenas 

Seewirnen. adamianma SeiZleba sakuTari rwmenis gamo gawiros 

sicocxle (istoriam amis uamravi magaliTi icis), miuxedavad 

imisa, obieqtur simarTles warmoadgens Tu ara misi mrwamsi, 

magram sicruisa da tyuilis gamo Tavs aravin wiravs. xom ar 

arsebobda kidev raRac Zalian mniSvnelovani, romelmac Seu- 

ryevlad ganumtkica maT rwmena iesos aRdgomisa? 

71

Cveni azriT, es raRac Zalian mniSvnelovani ram aris swo- 

rad is, rom jvarcmidan meore dRes iesos saflavi carieli 

iyo _ masSi ieso aRar esvena! iudevelebi dumdnen, roca iesos 

mimdevrebi mis aRdgomaze laparakobdnen ierusalimSi. ebrael 

ieso nazareveli 

72 

mRvdelmTavrebs an 

romaelebs iesos 

cxedari damaluli 

rom hqonodaT, ma- 

Sinve gamoaCend- 

nen mas da amiT 

yovelgvar miTqma- 

moTqmas erTxel da 

samudamod bolos 

mouRebdnen. magram 

es ase ar moxda. 

SevexoT erT 

TvalSisacem gare- 

moebas: lukas sax- 

areba, erTi mxriv, 

gvimtkicebs, rom 

ieso aRdga da aR- 

dga xorcielad. 

iesom gatexa puri 

(luka, XXIV. 30), mas aqvs xorci da Zvlebi (luka, XXIV. 39-40), 

Wams Tevzs da Tafls (luka, XXIV. 41-43), xolo, meores mxriv, 

mogviTxrobs iseTi rameebis Sesaxeb, romlebic ar SeiZleba 

moimoqmedos xorcielma arsebam: ieso, daelaparaka ra mowa- 

feebs, `... maSinve uCinari Seiqmna maTTvis.~ (luka, XXIV. 31), 

xolo mogvianebiT maT Soris aseve uecrad Cadga `... TviTon 

ieso Cadga maT Soris...~ (luka, XXIV. 36). aq luka im faqts gu- 

lisxmobs, romelsac ioane ufro detalurad aRwers: `... roca

saxlis kari, sadac iyvnen mowafeebi, iudevelTa SiSiT dax- 

Suli iyo, movida ieso, SuaSi dadga...~ (ioane, XX. 19); `rva dRis 

Semdeg kvlav saxlSi iyvnen misi mowafeebi ... da Sevida ieso, 

Tumca daxSuli iyo kari, maT Soris dadga...~ (ioane, XX. 26). 

pirvelad iesom mxolod xelebi da ferdi uCvena Tavis mowa- 

feebs, xolo meore mosvlaze Tomas xelebi uCvena da ferdSi 

Caayofina xeli (ioane, XX. 20, 27). amas garda, mowafeebTan er- 

Tad man Wama Semwvari Tevzi da puri (ioane, XX. 5-9, 12-15). aq 

aSkara winaaRmdegobaa. saqme is gaxlavT, rom biologiur qm- 

nilebas, romelsac aqvs Zvlovan-kunTovani da nervul-vegeta- 

tiuri sistema, garkveuli simkvrive gaaCnia da ar SeuZlia ga- 

vides daxSul karSi an daketili fanjris darabebSi, xolo Tu 

is amas axerxebs, mas ar SeiZleba hqondes Zvlovan-kunTovani 

da nervul-vegetatiuri sistema da SeZlos saWmlis miReba da 

moneleba. 

saidumlo seroba 

amrigad, ierusalimSi iesos mowafeebTan gamocxadeba aris 

an evangelistTa fantaziis nayofi, an iesos mowafeebis halu- 

73

cinaciis Sedegi. 

bunebrivad Cndeba kiTxva: Tu iesos daxSul sivrceSi 

daubrkoleblad SeuZlia Sesvla da gamosvla, maS ratomRa 

dasWirda samarxidan gareT gamosasvlelad akldamis lodis 

gadagoreba? mas xom, rogorc lukasa da ioanes saxarebidan 

gamomdinareobs, ise SeeZlo gareT gamosuliyo, rom lods arc 

ki Sexeboda? Cveni azriT, samarxidan gadagorebuli lodi, 

iqve dayril sudarasTan da tiloebTan erTad, iesos aRdgomis 

mTavari argumentia (Tumca, rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, 

es uciloblad ar mianiSnebs micvalebulis mkvdreTiT aRd- 

gomaze). rac Seexeba iesos xilulobasa da uxilavobas, erTi 

mxriv, da mis fizikur, Zvlovan-kunTovani sistemis mqone xor- 

ciel sxeuls, meores mxriv, Cveni fiqriT, am ori SeuTavsebadi 

movlenisa da azris SeTavsebiT, evangelistebi, darwmuneb- 

ulebi iesos aRdgomaSi, sxvebisTvisac amis damtkicebas cdi- 

loben. acnobiereben ra, rom micvalebulis aRdgoma arabune- 

brivi movlenaa, isini iesos ufro moCvenebis elfers aniWeben, 

vidre realuri adamianisa. saqme is aris, rom iudevelebi ar 

icnobdnen aRdgomis cnebas. Zvel aRTqmaSi arsad weria, Tu 

rogor iqceva mkvdreTiT aRmdgari adamiani. amis Sesaxeb ieso 

ambobs, rom `... aRdgomisas ... arian rogorc RmrTis angelo- 

zebi caSi~ (maTe, XXVIII. 30), xolo angelozebi uxorconi arian 

albaT. amitomac evangelistebma mkvdreTiT aRmdgar iesos 

erTgvari enigmaturi saxe misces, romelic aris da arc aris, 

romelsac cnoben da verc cnoben. ase magaliTad, mariam mag- 

dalelma ver icno ieso (ioane, XX. 24), aseve ver icnes igi 

misma mimdevrebma sofel emausisken mimaval gzaze (luka, XXIV. 

16) da a. S. evangelistebs an iesos mowafeebs mkvdreTiT aRm- 

dgari adamianis Sesaxeb zusti saxelmZRvanelo rom hqonodaT, 

iesos SemTxvevaSi mas sityvasityviT gaimeorebdnen. 

swored amitom maTe da markozi iesos aRdgomisa da Sem- 

74

deg mowafeebTan misi gamocxadebis Temas ufro frTxilad 

ekidebian. saqme is aris, rom lukas da, miT ufro, ioanes sax- 

arebebi ufro gviandel periodSi daiwera, vidre maTes da 

markozis saxarebebi (sayovelTao azriT, markozis saxareba 

yvelaze Zvelia). lukas da ioanes moRvaweobis periodSi sul 

ufro meti da meti argumenti xdeboda saWiro iesos aRdgo- 

mis dasamtkiceblad, amitomac maTac sakuTar saxarebebSi meti 

fantazia Cades, xolo ioanem, bolo evangelistma (laparakia 

kanonikur evangeliebze) aRmdgar iesosa da mariam magdalels 

Soris Semdgari saubaric ki `gaixsena~ (ioane, XX. 14-16). ùTxra 

mas iesom: nu Semexebi, vinaidan me jer ar avsulvar mamasTan...~ 

(ioane, XX. 17). gaugebaria, Tu ratom eubneba ieso mariam mag- 

dalels, nu Semexebi, me jer ar avsulvar mamasTano. rom avi- 

doda, mere SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda misi Sexeba? da imave dRes 

ratom misca ufleba Tomas, Sexeboda? `...moita Seni TiTi, da 

ixile Cemi xelebi; da moita Seni xeli da Cade Cems ferdSi...~ 

(ioane, XX. 27). 

SevniSnavT, rom Cven realurad ar mogvepoveba iesos aR- 

dgomis arcerTi TviTmxilvelis Canaweri. ufro metic, ioseb 

flaviusis naSromSi arsebuli mcire epizodis garda Cven ar 

gagvaCnia I saukunis araqristian avtorTa aranairi cnobebi 

qristianTa Sesaxeb, saxarebebSi moyvanili aRdgomis TviTmx- 

ilvelTa monacemebi ki winaaRmdegobrivia. ase magaliTad, mar- 

kozi da ioane amtkiceben, rom aRmdgari qriste pirvelad mar- 

iam magdalels eCvena (markozi, XVI. 9); (ioane, XX. 14). ebraelTa 

evangeliis (arakanonikuri evangelia) avtori ambobs, rom aR- 

mdgari ieso pirvelad sakuTar Zmas, iakobs eCvena. luka amt- 

kicebs, rom ieso or kacs daemgzavra, romelTagan erT-erTs 

kleopa erqva (luka, XXIV. 13-32). maTes mixedviT, aRmdgari ieso 

pirvelad mariam magdalels da meore mariams (savaraudod, 

iesos dedas) gamoecxada (maTe, XXVI. 9), xolo pavles mtkice- 

75

iT, ieso simon-petres, `kefad~ wodebuls gamoecxada (I ko- 

rinT. XV. 3-8). verc apokalifsSi wavikiTxavT rame garkveuls 

iesos aRdgomaze. masSi mSralad weria: `... mkvdari iyo da ga- 

cocxlda~ (gamocxadeba, II, 8). 

amis garda, lukas mtkiceba, rom ieso aRdga, gamoecxada 

Tavis mowafeebs ierusalimSi da imave dRes àmaRlda zecad~ 

(luka, XXIV. 51) ewinaaRmdegeba danarCeni mociqulebis 

monaTxrobs galileaSi, mTaze iesos gamocxadebis Sesaxeb (io- 

ane, XXVI. 1-2). 

isev davubrundeT iesos jvarcmas da mis dakrZalvas. ro- 

gorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saxarebidan irkveva, rom iesos da- 

krZalva ioseb arimaTielma iTava da moaxerxa kidec. Cveni az- 

mariam magdaleli 

76 

riT, ioseb arimaTieli 

mxolod bibliuri da, 

amdenad, araistori- 

uli personaJia, ms- 

gavsad aRmosavleli 

mogvebisa, magram, 

maTgan gansxvavebiT, 

mas, misi rolidan 

gamomdinare, maSinve 

ewoda ìoseb arima- 

Tieli~, razec zemoT 

ukve gvqonda saubari. 

gamovTqvamT varauds, 

rom iesos gardamox- 

sna da dakrZalva sinamdvileSi mariam magdalelma moaxerxa. 

am azrs amyarebs isic, rom ioseb arimaTieli swrafadve qreba 

bibliis furclebidan. `mieca samarxi boroteulTa gverdiT 

da mdidarTan erTad Tavis sikvdilSi...~ (esaia, 53, 9) _ esaia 

winaswarmetyvelis am Tezam xom ar ubiZga evangelistebs, roca

weren: `... movida mdidari arimaTieli kaci, saxelad iosebi...~ 

(maTe, XXVII. 57), anu, esaias winasarmetyveleba rom asrulebu- 

liyo, ieso mdidarTan unda damarxuliyo... da daimarxa kidec! 

mariam magdaleli galileis zRvispira sofel magdaladan 

iyo. saxarebidan irkveva, rom igi martoxela qalia _ gauTx- 

ovari an qvrivi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mas qmris an mamis 

saxeliT moixseniebdnen, rogorc salomes, zebedes ZeTa de- 

das (igulisxmeba, rom salome zebedes meuRlea). mariam mag- 

daleli da sxva galileveli qalebi sarCo-sabadebliT emsax- 

urebian iesos da mis mimdevrebs (luka, VIII. 3). aqedan irkveva, 

iesos deda mariami, mariam 

magdaleli da iesos 

naxevarda mariam kleopasi 

rom mariam magdaleli, iesos 

sxva mimdevrebisagan gansx- 

vavebiT, ufro SeZlebulia. 

savaraudod, mas garkveuli 

qoneba mSoblebisagan an 

gardacvlili meuRlisagan 

darCa. uZRveba ra meurneo- 

bas, mariam magdalels iesos 

mimdevrebis `yulabaSic~ 

Seaqvs garkveuli Senatani 

fulis saxiT. yovelive amas 

ki uunaro qali imdroindel 

ebraul sazogadoebaSi ver 

moaxerxebda. amasTan, iesos 

mamakaci mowafeebisagan gan- 

sxvavebiT, mariam magdaleli 

Wkua-gonebiTac gamoirCeva 

da gulubryvilo SekiTxveb- 

sac ar usvams iesos. mariam magdalels arc gambedaoba aklia. 

iesos mamakaci mowafeebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTac miato- 

ves ieso, is bolomde iesos gverdiT idga da arc mRvdelmTa- 

77

varTa risxvas SeuSinebia. rogorc irkveva, mariam magdaleli 

janmrTeli ar unda yofiliyo. saxareba gvubneba, rom iesom 

misgan Svidi eSmaki gandevna (luka, VIII. 2). saqme is gaxlavT, 

rom cifri Svidi srulyofil qmedebas aRniSnavs. im periodSi 

(da kidev didxans Semdegac) yvela daavadebas imiT xsnidnen, 

rom RmerTi an satana mouvlendnen adamians ama Tu im daavade- 

bas. Tu adamiani satanas hyavda Sepyrobili, es, imdroindeli 

rwmenis mixedviT, gansakuTrebiT vlindeboda fsiqo-nervuli 

aSlilobebiT, rogoricaa epilefsia, mwvave an qronikuli Sizo- 

frenia da sxva. ar aris gamoricxuli, mariam magdalels ama Tu 

im formis qronikuli fsiqo-nervuli aSliloba hqonoda (Sei- 

Zleba esec iyo misi martoxelobis mizezi), qronikuli daavade- 

bebi ki periodulad mwvavdeba, gansakuTrebiT, mZime stresebis 

dros. daeswro ra iesos jvarcmas, SeiZleba mariam magdaleli 

garkveul safasurad gaurigda kidec mebaRes da sTxova, iesos 

cxedari ori-sami dRiT mis baRSi gadaemala Semdgomi gadas- 

venebis mizniT da meore mariamTan (iesos dedasTan) erTad 

gabeda da wavida pilatesTan cxedris gamosaxsnelad. saqme is 

aris, rom, ebrauli kanonebis mixedviT, jvarcmulis dakrZal- 

vis uflebas romaelebi mxolod axlo naTesavebs aZlevdnen 

(mSoblebi, coli da a. S. ). pilatemac misca mas iesos gar- 

damoxsnis ufleba da mariam magdalelma is mebaRisa da sxva 

galileveli qalebis daxmarebiT droebiT dakrZala, im gan- 

zraxviT, rom kvira dRes misuliyo, nelsacxeblebi ecxo da 

gadaesvenebina kidec. 

bunebrivia, mariam magdaleli am dros Zlieri emociuri 

datvirTvis qveS iqneboda da roca kvira diliT iesos akldama 

carieli daxvda, Zlieri stresis momentSi, sruliad SesaZle- 

belia, mas halucinaciuri xilvebic hqonoda. da roca mariam 

magdalelma Tavisi xilvebis Sesaxeb galileaSi gadamalul 

iesos mowafeebs uambo, maTac daijeres misi naambobi, radgan 

78

undodaT, rom ase yofiliyo. 

iesos sikvdilis Semdeg iesos mowafeebSi pirvelobisTvis 

paeqroba daiwyo. ierusalimis pirvel episkoposad iesos Zma 

iakobi airCies, romelsac RvTis Zmad moixseniebdnen. rogorc 

apokriptuli saxarebebidan vgebulobT, simon-petresa da mar- 

iam magdalels Soris uTanxmoeba Camovarda. Tavisi roli Sea- 

srula qalis uuflebo mdgomareobam ebraul sazogadoebaSi 

da mariam magdalelic nela-nela gaqra iesos biografiidan, 

xolo iesos dakrZalvaSi mTavari rolis Semsruleblad Se- 

Zlebuli mariam magdalelis nacvlad aseve SeZlebuli ioseb 

arimaTieli mogvevlina. magram imdenad didia mariam magdale- 

lis roli iesos aRdgomis rwmenis damkvidrebasa da, amdenad, 

qristianobis gavrcelebaSi, rom misi saxelis srulad waSla 

veRar moxerxda. 

ase Tu ise, jvarze gardaicvala adamiani, didi adamiani, 

romelmac kacobriobas jerarnaxuli humanurobisa da siyvar- 

ulis magaliTi dautova. yovlisSemZle RmerTis sikvdili, 

RmerTisa, Tavs jvarze rom gaikravs da yvelas Tvalwin 

mokvdeba, pativiscemas ar imsaxurebs, xolo jvarze mowameo- 

brivi sikvdili adamianisa, romelic Cvennairi iyo, CvensaviT 

stkioda da uxaroda, misadmi Cvens udides TanagrZnobasa da 

siyvaruls iwvevs. 

Zalian bevr adamians gauwiravs Tavi marTali azrisaTvis, 

amasTan, xSirad, bevrad ufro efeqtur situaciaSic, vidre 

iesos SemTxvevaSi moxda, magram iesos garda veravin SeZlo 

amdeni siyvarulisa da Tayvaniscemis mopoveba, siyvarulisa, 

romelic Cvenve agvamaRlebs. rogor ar unda virwmunoT pavle 

mociqulis sityvebi: `...sarwmunoba, sasoeba da siyvaruli; 

xolo amaTSi umetesi siyvarulia~ ( I korinT. XIII. 13). iesos 

cxovrebam da mowameobrivma sikvdilma unda daanaxos yvela 

adamians, rom adamis modgma mxolod siyvarulma, TanagrZnobam 

79

da sikeTem SeiZleba ixnas `naZraxi sicocxlis~, sulieri da- 

cemisa da gadagvarebisagan. iesos siyvarulma adamianebisadmi 

da adamianebis siyvarulma iesosadmi SeZlo is, rac mxolod 

RmerTs xelewifeba da Tu `RmerTi siyvarulia~ (ioane, IV. 8, 

16), iesos cxovrebam da mowameobrivma sikvdilma gviCvena, rom 

Tavad siyvarulia RmerTi. jvarcmis Semdeg ieso, RmerTkacad 

qmnili, ganagrZobs sicocxles da muhamedTan da budasTan er- 

Tad, atlantiviT udgas dedamiwas. swored iesoa beTlemis is 

kaSkaSa varskvlavi, ager ukve oci saukuneze metia, gzas rom 

unaTebs kacobriobas. 

80

sagamomcemlo saxlis `torotaZe~ saTaveebTan dganan: 

erasti torotaZe, cnobili Jurnalisti da mestambe, sagamomcemlo 

da sastambo saqmis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi. 

gamomcemloba `saxelgamis~ damfuZnebeli da direqtori. 

aqtiurad Jurnalistobda pirveli raspublikis wlebSi 

(1918-1921). avtori statiisa `zogi ram ilias Sesaxeb (asoTamwyobis 

mogoneba ilia WavWavaZeze)~. 

nikoloz torotaZe, mweralTa kavSiris stambis direqtori, 

beWvdiTi sityvis kombinatis direqtori. 

aleqsandre torotaZe, gazeT `zaria vostokas~ poligrafiuli 

bazis direqtori, moskovis gamomcemlobis `socekgizi~ 

da `leqsikonebis gamomcemloba~ direqtoris moadgile. didi 

wvlili miuZRvis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemlobis 

poligrafiuli bazis ganaxleba-rekonstruqciaSi. 

rusul-qarTuli leqsikonis (redaqtori _ akademikosi simon 

yauxCiSvili) Semdgeneli. am leqsikons, romelic pirvelad moskovSi 

gamoica 1959 wels, xolo meored, Sesworebuli da Sevsebuli, 

TbilisSi 1969 wels, dResac ar daukargavs praqtikuli 

Rirebuleba. 

nino mamisaSvili-torotaZe, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelos~ 

(SemdgomSi `saqarTvelo~) redaqtori, ufrosi redaqtori 

da redaqciis gamge. aleqsandre torotaZis rusulqarTuli 

leqsikonis meore gamocemis TanaSemdgeneli. TxuTmetamde 

wignis mTargmneli. mravali cnobili gamocemis redaqtori 

(maT Soris, niko CubinaSvilis `qarTuli leqsikoni~). misi 

TaosnebiT gamoica davit bagrationis ìadigar daudi~. 

elza torotaZe-kiSi, aleqsandre torotaZis rusul-qar- 

Tuli leqsikonis pirveli gamocemis Tanaavtori. rusuli enis 

kaTedris gamge budapeStis (ungreTi) samxedro akademiaSi. 

qeTi torotaZe, filologiis doqtori, gamomcemloba `sab- 

WoTa saqarTvelos~ redaqtori, ramdenime wignis mTargmneli, 

publicisturi werilebis avtori (1989-1991ww.). 

andro torotaZe, publicisturi werilebis avtori rusul 

da qarTul enebze (1989-1991ww). Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

saxalxo frontis gazeT `dedasamSoblos~ damfuZnebeli 

da gamomcemeli (1990 w). 

81

ISBN 978-9941-0-3353-7

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