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Euskal nazionalismoa eta hezkuntza publikoa: ikastolen ... - Euskara

Euskal nazionalismoa eta hezkuntza publikoa: ikastolen ... - Euskara

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122 <strong>Euskal</strong> <strong>nazionalismoa</strong> <strong>eta</strong> <strong>hezkuntza</strong> <strong>publikoa</strong>: <strong>ikastolen</strong> publifikazioa<br />

Horixe da idazlan honen zehar sarritan aipatu dugun A. Greenen<br />

planteamenduaren ardatz nagusia. Haren ustez, <strong>hezkuntza</strong> sistema publikoen<br />

garapena estatuaren eraikuntza prozesuarekiko harreman<strong>eta</strong>n bakarrik uler daiteke.<br />

Prozesu horrek ez du soilki islatzen gobernu aparatu administratibo <strong>eta</strong> politikoaren<br />

finkapena -arlo <strong>publikoa</strong> osatzen duena-, baizik <strong>eta</strong>, halaber, estatuaren boterea<br />

legitimatzen duten ideologia <strong>eta</strong> uste kolektiboen osak<strong>eta</strong> ere, <strong>eta</strong> berauekin batera<br />

datozen naziotasuna <strong>eta</strong> nazio izaera (1990: 76 <strong>eta</strong> hur.). Horrela, XIX. mendean<br />

sortutako <strong>hezkuntza</strong> <strong>publikoa</strong> aurretiko irakaskuntza formen partikularismo estua<br />

gainditzeko taxutu zen, batik bat, <strong>eta</strong> funtzio argia eduki zuen: orduko klase<br />

nagusien araberako nazio interesaren zerbitzutan aritzea, <strong>eta</strong> erak<strong>eta</strong> sozial berriaren<br />

funtsezko zutabe bilakatu zen, orduan. Horrelako <strong>hezkuntza</strong> estatuaren ardura izan<br />

behar zen derrigor, <strong>eta</strong> azken batez, estatuaren instituzioa. Zehazkiago esanda,<br />

"The nineteenth-century education system came to assume a primary responsibility for<br />

the moral, cultural and political development of the nation. It became the secular<br />

church. It was variously called upon to assimilate inmigrant cultures, to promote<br />

established religious doctrines, to spread the standard form of the appointed national<br />

language, to forge a national identity and a national culture, to generalize new habits of<br />

routine and rational calculation, to encourage patriotic values, to inculcate moral<br />

disciplines, and, above all, to indoctrinate in the political and economic creeds of the<br />

dominant classes. It helped construct the very subjectivities of citizenship, justifying the<br />

ways of the state to the people and the duties of the people to the state. " (Green 1990:<br />

80)<br />

R. A. Andersonek, ildo beretik, adierazten du <strong>hezkuntza</strong> mota berri hori Nazio-<br />

Estatuaren sorreraren faz<strong>eta</strong> bat izan zela, apur bat beherago aztertuko dugun beste<br />

faktore bat gehituz, hots, gainerako estatuen arteko harreman<strong>eta</strong>n funtsezko tresna<br />

izana:<br />

"The central organization of education was only one facet of the rise of the nation state,<br />

for which it became increasingly a means to promote political socialization, national<br />

conciousness, and social discipline: to satisfy or divert mass movements for political and

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