S i n a a r s i

ilingvuri ganaTleba, # 10, 2012 

S i n a a r s i 

giuli SabaSvili, mSobliuri/pirveli da meore enebis 

urTierTmimarTeba weris procesSi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1 

gv. 2 

Giuli Shabashvili, The Relationship between the First and the Second 

language writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 16 

irine SubiTiZe, asakobrivi Taviseburebebi meore enis 

swavlebisas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 17 

Irine Shubitidze, Age factors during the non native language acquisition. . . . . . . . . gv. 27 

elene jajaniZe, bilingvuri programebi da submersiuli 

ganaTleba eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis saqarTveloSi . . . 

Elene Jajanidze, Bilingual programs and Submersion education for ethnic 

minorities in Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

nino popiaSvili, orenovneba da saxelmwifo ena: midgomebi 

da strategiebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Nino Popiashvili, Bilingualism and state language: Approaches 

and Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

gv. 28 

gv. 41 

gv. 42 

gv. 48

giuli SabaSvili 

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis 

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti 

bilingvuri ganaTleba, # 10, 2012 

mSobliuri/pirveli da meore enebis 

urTierTmimarTeba weris procesSi 

abstraqti 

weris procesSi pirveli da meore enebis urTierTmimarTebis dadgenisas 

aucilebelia ramdenime faqtoris gaTvaliswineba: weris kognituri da meta- 

kognituri strategiebis codna mSobliur an meore enaze, enis flobis 

done, diskursis tipi. Catarebuli samuSao ramdenime etapisgan Sedgeboda. 

respondentebma Seqmnes Txzulebebi mSobliur (somxur) da meore (qarTul) 

enebze, Seavses kiTxvarebi da intervius dros upasuxes SekiTxvebs. mopove- 

buli masalis damuSavebis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom nacnobi 

tipis diskursisa da SedarebiT martivi amocanis SemTxvevaSi, abzacis 

doneze, kognituri procesebi Tanabrad mimdinareobs rogorc pirvel, ise 

meore enaze. amdenad, weris unarebis transferi SesaZlebelia rogorc 

pirveli enidan meore enaSi, aseve - piriqiT, meore enidan mSobliur enaSi. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentebis nawili ideebis generacias, dagegmvasa da 

weris procesis warmarTvas arCevs pirdapir meore enaze. nawili fiqrobs 

somxur enaze da weras iwyebs qarTul enaze. maTi amgvari arCevani 

ganpirobebulia diskursis tipiT, amocanis sirTuliTa da nacnobi 

TematikiT. amdenad, weris procesis swavlebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT es 

aspeqtebi da ar unda ugulvebelvyoT mSobliuri enis roli. 

sakiTxis aqtualoba da Taname- 

drove kvlevis Sedegebi 

Tanamedrove samecniero lite- 

raturaSi meore enis weriTi 

komponentis kvlevisas didi 

yuradReba eTmoba weris procesSi 

pirveli da meore enebis mimarTebis 

Seswavlas. am mimarTebis gamovlenis 

2 

safuZvelze SesaZlebelia weris 

swavlebis ufro efeqturad dagegmva, 

axali strategiebis SemuSaveba da 

saTanado Sedegebis miReba. 

miuxedavad amisa, jer kidev 

aqtualurad daismis sakiTxi: mimdi- 

nareobs Tu ara pirveli enidan 

meore enaSi weris unarebis transfe-

i? adreuli kvlevebi gviCvenebs, 

rom meore enaze werilobiTi 

davalebebis Sesrulebisas avtorebi 

iyeneben pirvel enas, Tumca, azrTa 

sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs enaTaSorisi 

transferis odenobis gansazRvris 

problema. miCneulia, rom weris 

procesSi mozrdili avtorebi 

iyeneben pirvel enas sxvadasxva 

mizniT: dagegmva, ideebis generacia 

an Sinaarsis gadmocema, lingvisturi 

problemebis gadaWra, magaliTad, 

leqsikis gamoyeneba. ufro metic, 

pirveli ena gamoiyeneba stilisturi 

arCevanis Secvlis mizniT an 

kognituri gadatvirTvis aRmosa- 

fxvrelad (koheni, bruqs-karsoni, 

2001, knutsoni, 2006). garda amisa, 

zogierTi avtori askvnis, rom 

pirveli enis gamoyeneba sulac ar 

axdens uaryofiT gavlenas teqstis 

xarisxze. weraSi gawafuli avtori 

SeiZleba regularulad iyenebdes 

pirvel enas weriTi produqtis 

Seqmnisas (knutsoni, 2006). 

zogierT kvlevaSi aseve 

yuradReba gamaxvilebulia weris 

konkretul mizansa da mis SesaZlo 

gavlenaze weris processa da 

xarisxze (magaliTad, Temisa da 

kulturuli faqtorebis codna), 

Tumca, aRmoCnda, rom weris 

mosamzadebeli etapi da dagegmvis 

procesi ufro xSirad mimdinareobs 

pirvel enaze (fraidlanderi, 1990; 

akieli, 1994, lali, 2000). msjeloben 

aseve imaze, rom avtorebi ukeTesad 

weren Txzulebebs maTi kulturuli 

garemosTvis damaxasiaTebel da 


3 

maTTvis pirvel enaze ukve nacnob 

Tematikaze, amdenad, naweris 

dagegmvac Tanabrad mimdinareobs 

rogorc pirvel, ise meore enebze 

(krapelsi, 1990; lei, 1982). 

sxvadasxva mkvlevari kvlevisas 

gansxvavebul midgomebs efuZneba. 

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori am 

TvalsazrisiT arsebuli da 

miRebuli codnis kvalifikacia da 

gamoyofaa. magaliTad, ficჯeraldi 

da Senahani gamoyofen codnis 4 tips, 

romlebic garkveul SemTxvevebSi 

faravs erTmaneTs: a) metacodna: 

codna imisa, Tu rogor gamoiyeneba 

wera da kiTxva, rogoria auditoria, 

enobrivi formebisa da maTi gagebis 

monitoringi; b) arsisa da Sinaarsis 

Sesaxeb miRebuli codna: leqsikoni 

da leqsikuri erTeulebis gamoyeneba 

farTo konteqstSi; g) universaluri 

teqstis atributebis codna: 

fonetika / fonologia, sintaqsi, 

teqstis Janri; d) proceduruli 

codna: kiTxvisa da weris procesis 

urTierTdakavSirebis unari: mex- 

sierebidan codnis gamotana da 

azrovnebis aqtiuri procesis 

SesaZlebloba: molodini da 

SekiTxvebis dasma. 

kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom 

transferuli elementi vlindeba 

proceduruli codnis doneze, sadac 

SesaZlebelia wignierebis, kerZod, 

werisa da kiTxvis unarebis, 

Tanabrad gamovlena. am Tval- 

sazrisiT, ganxilulia ramdenime 

ZiriTadi transferuli elementi: a) 

konceptualuri elementi: konceptis

gageba da b) metakognituri da 

metalin-gvisturi strategiebi, rom- 

lebic xels uwyobs enis swavlas 

(ficjeraldi, Sena-hani, 2000). 

flaueri da heisi weris process 

ganixilaven kogni-turi funqciis 

TvalsazrisiT (flaueri, heisi, 1981), 

amdenad, mkvlevrebi askvnian, am 

procesis maxasiaTeblebi SeiZleba 

universaluri da saerTo iyos 

sxvadasxva enisTvis. 

bolo periodis kvlevebi kidev 

ufro aviwroeben kvlevis sferos, 

konkretuli Sedeგebi miRebulia 

fokusjgufebTan sxvadasxva tipis 

muSaobis safuZvelze. eri fukuda 

Seiswavlis wignierebis kompo- 

nentebis, werisa da kiTxvis unarebsa 

da maT mimarTebas pirveli da meore 

enebis swavlebis SemTxvevaSi. 

teqstis organizebis metakognituri 

codna saerToa enaTa umrav- 

lesobisaTvis, amdenad, transfers 

eqvemdebareba swored am donisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli strategiebi. 

gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs 

Semswavlelis enis flobis done 

(fukuda, 371, 372). 

weris procesSi ormxrivi 

transferis SesaZleblobaze 

saubroben mkvlevrebi hiroi 

kobaiaSi, karol rinerti. isini 

askvnian, rom weriTi codnis 

transferi ar aris calmxrivi, 

xorcildeba orive mimarTulebiT: 

L1 ↔ L2. amas naTelyofs 

metadiskursuli markerebis gamo- 

yenebis tendencia pirveli da meore 

jgufebis mier. pirvel enaSi 


4 

mosmenili weris swavlebis kursi 

ganapirobebs weriTi unarebis 

Camoyalibebas rogorc pirveli, ise 

meore enis doneze. transfers 

eqvemdebareba aseve argumentirebuli 

teqstis struqturis maxasiaTeblebi 

da diskursuli markerebi (hiroi 

kobaiaSi, karol rinerti, 2008). 

gansxvavebuli midgoma aqvs 

ioSifumi kohros. avtori ganixilavs 

globaluri teqstis struqturis, 

eses xarisxisa da Txzulebis sxva 

maxasiaTeblebis urTierTdamokide- 

bulebas korelaciuri analizis 

meSveobiT. igi askvnis, rom 

globaluri struqtura mWidrod 

ukavSirdeba Txzulebis xarisxs L1 

da L2 enebSi. igi aseve gviCvenebs, rom 

meore enis flobis maRali done 

garkveuli mizezebis gamo ar 

ukavSirdeba Txzulebis xarisxs. 

Catarebuli eqsperimentisa da rao- 

denobrivi kvlevis meTodis safuZ- 

velze, avtori aseve askvnis, rom 

globaluri teqstis struqtura ar 

eqvemdebareba transferis process 

meore enis Txzulebis Seqmnisas (ko- 

hro, 2009, 16). 

metakognituri codnisa da pir- 

vel enaze ganxorcielebuli weris 

procesi uSualod ukavSirdeba meore 

enaze Sesrulebuli Txzulebis xa- 

risxsa da Sefasebas. ufro metic, 

garkveul SemTxvevebSi L1 weriTi un- 

arebi pirdapir gavlenas axdens am 

procesze. amas ganapirobebs ling- 

visturi codna (orTografia, leqsi- 

kuri erTeulebis SerCeva, gramatika 

da winadadebis ageba) da am codnis

gamoyenebis teqnika. avtorebi 

askvnian, rom pirveli enisagan 

gansxvavebiT, metakognituri codna 

naklebad mniSvnelovania meore enaze 

ganxorcielebuli weris procesi- 

saTvis (rob Suneni, amos geldere- 

ni..., 2003). 

kvlevis miznebi: 

winamdebare naSromis mizania, 

Tanamedrove kvlevebisa da miR- 

wevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRniSnuli 

sakiTxebis damuSaveba da qarTul 

saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi am 

TvalsazrisiT arsebuli proble- 

mebis gadaWris mcdeloba. amdenad, 

kvlevis mTavari amocanaa konkretul 

fokusjgufTan muSaobis Sedegad 

Semdeg kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema: 

axdens Tu ara gavlenas 

mSobliuri ena meore enis 

weriTi komponentis swavlisas? 

iyeneben Tu ara meore enis 

Semswavlelebi mSobliur enas 

meore enaze werilobiTi teqstis 

Seqmnisas? 

rogori tipis teqstebis Seqmna 

uadvildebaT meore enis 

Semswavlelebs qarTul enaze? 

ra kognituri, sociolingvistu- 

ri, sociokulturuli da stra- 

tegiuli faqtorebi ganapirobebs 

maT arCevans? 

ra diskursuli maxasiaTeblebis 

gamoyofaa SesaZlebeli rogorc 

mSobliur, ise meore (qarTul) 

enebze Sesrulebul namuSevreb- 

Si? 


5 

kvlevis meTodebi: 

aRniSnuli tipis kvlevebi gan- 

xorcielebulia raodenobrivi da 

analitikuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT. 

mkvlevrebi agroveben masalas inter- 

viuebis, sagangebod Sedgenili kiTx- 

varebisa da pirvel da meore enebze 

Seqmnili Txzulebebis gaanalizebis 

meSveobiT. winamdebare naSromi efuZ- 

neba msgavsi aqtivobebis safuZvelze 

miRebul Sedegebs. respondentebTan 

muSaoba mimdinareobda 2 dRis gan- 

mavlobaSi. 

Txzulebebis Seqmna: 

pirvel etapze respondentebs 

vTxoveT ori Txzulebis dawera 

Semdeg Temebze: a) didi Tu patara 

qalaqi? b) gemrieli Tu jansaRi 

kveba? studentebs Tavad unda 

gaekeTebinaT arCevani da 

gadaewyvitaT, Tu romel teqsts 

Seqmnidnen qarTul enaze da romels 

- maT mSobliur enaze. 

kiTxvarebi: 

meore etapze respondentebma 

Seavses Sereuli tipis kiTxvari Ria 

da daxuruli SekiTxvebiT. 

respondentebs pasuxi unda gaecaT 

Semdeg kiTxvebze: 

1. qarTul enaze qvemoT 

moyvanili romeli teqstis 

dawera/Seqmna ufro giadvildebaT da 

ratom? SesaZlebelia erTze meti 

pasuxis moniSvna. ramdenime pasuxis 

SemTxvevaSi, gTxovT, sirTulis 

mixedviT daalagoT Temebi.

a) aRwera (magaliTad, suraTis aR- 

wera); 

b) ambis gadmocema (magaliTad, 

rogor gavatare guSindeli dRe); 

g) Tqveni poziciis gamoxatva (ma- 

galiTad, did qalaqSi girCevniaT 

cxovreba Tu patara qalaqSi?); 

d) dasabuTeba / argumentireba (ma- 

galiTad, unda aikrZalos manqanis 

tarebisas / marTvisas mobiluriT 

laparaki) 

2. qvemoT moyvanili romeli 

teqstis dawera / Seqmna ufro 

giadvildebaT qarTulad da romeli 

teqstis dawera / Seqmna ufro 

giadvildebaT Tqvens mSobliur 

enaze da ratom? gTxovT, pasuxi daa- 

sabuToT. SesaZlebelia erTze meti 

pasuxis moniSvna. 

dros: 

a) aRwera (magaliTad, suraTis 

aRwera); 

b) ambis gadmocema (magaliTad, 

rogor gavatare guSindeli 

dRe); 

g) Tqveni poziciis gamoxatva 

(magaliTad, did qalaqSi gir- 

CevniaT cxovreba Tu patara qa- 

laqSi?); 

d) dasabuTeba/argumentireba 

(magaliTad, unda aikrZalos 

manqanis tarebisas/marTvisas mo- 

biluriT laparaki) 

3. qarTul enaze teqstis Seqmnis 

a) vfiqrob mSobliur enaze da 

weras viwyeb qarTul enaze; 

b) vfiqrob mSobliur enaze, 

ideebs valageb da vgegmav 


6 

qarTul enaze da viwyeb weras 

qarTulad; 

g) vfiqrob, vgegmav, valageb 

ideebs qarTul enaze da viwyeb 

weras; 

d) dafiqrebis gareSe viwyeb 

teqstis Seqmnas qarTulad. 

4. giadvildebaT Tu ara Tqven 

mier qarTulad dawerili teqstis 

gadakiTxva da Secdomebis moZebna da 

ratom? ZiriTadad rogor Secdomebs 

poulobT? a) gramatikuli; b) 

Sinaarsobrivi (erTi da imave 

informaciis gameoreba, logikurad 

areuli teqsti da a. S.). 

5. CamoTvlilTagan romel 4 

teqsts dawerdiT qarTulad? 

a) werili megobars; b) Cemi 

momavali; g) unda iyos Tu ara 

samedicino momsaxureba ufaso? 

d) marto girCevniaT mogzauroba 

Tu megobrebTan erTad? d) 

umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba 

aucilebelia; d) rogor musikas 

usmenT da ratom? e) romel 

qalaqSi icxovrebdiT da ratom? 

v) SeiZleba Tu ara eTnikuri 

konfliqtebis mogvareba mSvi- 

dobiani gziT? z) suraTis 

aRwera; T) zafxuli Cems 

sofelSi; i) sigaretis moweva 

mavnebelia janmrTelobisTvis; k) 

wignis kiTxva aucilebelia. 

interviu: 

mesame etapze Catarda responden- 

tebTan gasaubreba, sadac maT daes- 

vaT Semdegi SekiTxvebi: 

iswavleT Tu ara skolaSi

mSobliur enaze Txzulebis we- 

ris teqnika? 

gexmarebaT Tu ara mSobliur 

enaze skolaSi SeZenili weris 

unarebi meore enaze Txzulebis 

werisas? 

weris procesSi, ra SemTxvevebSi 

fiqrobT mSobliur enaze da ra 

SemTxvevebSi - qarTul enaze? 

did dros uTmobT Tu ara weris 

mosamzadebel etaps? 

iyenebT Tu ara leqsikons weris 

procesSi? 

kvlevis baza: 

kvleva ganxorcielebulia Tsu 

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakul- 

tetze qarTuli enis mosamzadebeli 

programis farglebSi. respondentebi 

iyvnen programis meore semestris 

somxurenovani studentebi, sul 25 

axalgazrda. aqve sagangebod unda 

aRiniSnos, rom respondentebs 

naklebad aqvT gamomuSavebuli weris 

unarebi, vinaidan skolaSi ar 

asrulebdnen msgavs aqtivobebs. 

mxolod ramdenime maTgans hqonda 

skolaSi mSobliur enaze argu- 

mentirebuli teqstis organizebulad 

weris gamocdileba maswavleblis 

miTiTebebis mixedviT. mosamzadebeli 

kursis farglebSi, maT 1 semestris 

ganmavlobaSi moismines kursi: 

qarTuli, rogorc meore ena, weriTi 

aspeqtis swavleba. kursis gan- 

mavlobaSi isini euflebodnen 

rogorc enobriv kompetenciebs 

(gramatika, leqsika, sintaqsuri 

konstruqciebi); strategiul da 


7 

socialur kompetenciebs. swavleba 

ZiriTadad mimdinareobda abzacisa 

da martivi teqstis doneze. 

gasaTvalis-winebelia aseve 

gamokiTxuli studentebis enis 

codnis safexuri. respondentebi 

qarTul enas floben ZiriTadad 

saSualo doneze. 

Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebi 

Txzulebis analizi 

Temis SerCeva: 

Txzulebebis analizisas gamoik- 

veTa erTi saerTo tendencia: res- 

pondentTa umravlesobam msgavsi ar- 

Cevani gaakeTa. 21-ma studentma qar- 

Tul enaze Seqmna ese Temaze: didi 

Tu patara qalaqi? Sesabamisad, som- 

xur enaze maT Seasrules meore da- 

valeba: jansaRi Tu gemrieli kveba? 

gamokiTxulTagan mxolod oTxma 

studentma Seasrula es davaleba 

qarTul enaze. amgvari arCevani, vfi- 

qrobT, ganapiroba ramdenime mniSv- 

nelovanma faqtorma: 1. Temis simar- 

tivem/sirTulem; 2. ukve nacnobma Te- 

matikam; 3. qarTuli leqsikisa da 

enobrivi saSualebebis simwirem; 3. 

weris strategiebisa da teqnikis ga- 

moyenebis naklebma praqtikam. unda 

aRiniSnos, rom pirveli Temaze (didi 

Tu patara qalaqi) maT saleqcio 

kursis ganmavlobaSi ukve hqondaT 

garkveuli informacia, zepiri dis- 

kusia da msjeloba, met-naklebad 

gaecnen saTanado leqsikas, informa-

ciis gadmocemis saSualebebsa da 

msjelobis strategiebs. meore Tema 

(jansaRi Tu gemrieli kveba) ki 

maTTvis sruliad ucnobi sakiTxi 

iyo. amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

maTTvis es Tema ufro rTul argu- 

mentaciasa da kognitur procesebTa- 

naa dakavSirebuli. dasabuTeba da 

Sesabamisi magaliTebis moZebna gra- 

matikuli, socialuri da soci- 

okulturuli kompetenciebis gaaqti- 

urebas moiTxovs. SeiZleba da- 

vaskvnaT, rom Temis SerCeva ganapi- 

roba enis flobis donem da metakog- 

nituri codnis maxasiaTeblebma. 

sityvebis raodenoba TxzulebebSi: 

studentis arCevanis gaanalize- 

bis paralelurad, mxedvelobaSi un- 

da miviRoT Txzulebebis moculoba. 

am TvalsazrisiTac saintereso su- 

raTs gvaZlevs mopovebuli masala. 

zogadad, rogorc qarTul, ise som- 

xur enaze Sesrulebuli namuSevreb- 

Si sityvaTa dafiqsirebuli maqsima- 

luri raodenobaa 150 sityva, xolo 

minimaluri - 40 sityva. amave dros, 

yuradsaRebia is, rom TiTqmis yove- 

li studenti Tanabari moculobis 

teqsts qmnida rogorc qarTul, ise 

somxur enebze. aqedan gamomdinare, 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom werilobiTi 

teqstis moculoba am SemTxvevaSi 

ganapiroba studentTa weris unare- 

bis uqonlobam da/an am unarebis 

flobis dabalma donem, swored ami- 

tom teqstebis moculoba TiTqmis 

Tanabaria orive enis SemTxvevaSi. 


8 

weris done 

weris procesSi respondentebi 

ifarglebodnen mxolod abzacis do- 

niT. maTi saTqmeli iyo mokle, kon- 

kretuli, abzacSi mocemuli iyo er- 

Ti an ori argumenti ganvrcobis ga- 

reSe. unda aRiniSnos, rom msgavsi 

viTareba Segvxvda rogorc qarTul, 

ise somxur enaze Seqmnil teqstebSi. 

mxolod ori teqsti iyo SedarebiT 

vrceli. es teqstebi Sedgeboda 2-3 

abzacisagan. am SemTxvevaSic abzacis 

doneze teqstis Seqmna ganpirobe- 

bulia weris strategiebis naklebi 

codniT. 

diskursuli maxasiaTeblebi 

diskursis tipi: 

gamokiTxvisaTvis sagangebod Se- 

varCieT msgavsi tipisa da struqtu- 

ris Temebi. orive SemTxvevaSi stu- 

dentebs ori alternatiuli SeTava- 

zebidan unda gaekeTebinaT arCevani, 

gamoekveTaT pozicia da daesabuTe- 

binaT igi. eqsperimentisas studentTa 

namuSevrebis gaanalizebisas gamov- 

linda diskursis ramdenime tipi: 

1) argumentireba: Cvens SemTxveva- 

Si am termins SedarebiT pirobiTi 

mniSvneloba aqvs da gulisxmobs Zi- 

riTadi ideis mxardaWeras magaliTe- 

biT ganvrcobis, Zlieri da saSualo 

argumentebiT dasabuTebis gareSe. 

studentebi mxolod TiTo-TiTo wi- 

nadadebiT gadmoscemen pozicias, Tu 

ratom icxovrebdnen did an patara 

qalaqSi an ratom unda miiRos ada-

mianma mxolod jansaRi an gemrieli 

sakvebi. aqve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom 

respondentebi naklebad gamoxatavd- 

nen Sualedur pozicias. maT namuSe- 

vrebSi naklebad iyo Sejerebuli 

ori urTierTsawinaaRmdego aspeqtis 

dadebiTi an uaryofiTi mxareebi. 

2) aRwera: amgvar teqstebSi stu- 

dentebi ubralod aRwerdnen did an 

patara qalaqs / gansxvavebul sak- 

vebs. 

d) piradi damokidebuleba: ram- 

denime namuSevarSi studentebi mxo- 

lod pirad gancdebze, azrebsa da 

emociur damokidebulebaze amaxvi- 

lebdnen yuradRebas. 

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, 

rom diskursis amgvari tipebi saer- 

To iyo rogorc somxur, ise qarTul 

enaze Seqmnili namuSevrebisTvis. 

garda amisa, orive enis SemTxvevaSi 

diskursis am ramdenime tipidan yve- 

laze gavrcelebuli aRmoCnda argu- 

mentireba. sayuradReboa, rom dis- 

kursis tipis arCevisas msgavsi Sede- 

gebi iqna miRebuli iaponiis erT- 

erTi kolejis pirvelkursel stu- 

dentebTan Catarebuli weriTi tes- 

tirebis drosac. iseve rogorc qar- 

Tul enaSi mosamzadebeli programis 

somxurenovani studentebi, iaponeli 

studentebic naklebad icnobdnen 

weris strategiebs da naklebad 

flobdnen weris unarebs (kabaiaSi, 

rinerti, 2008), rac ganapirobebs mi- 

Rebuli Sedegebis msgavsebas. 

weris procesSi studentebi yve- 

laze xSirad mimarTavdnen argumen- 

tirebul msjelobas. SedarebiT 


9 

naklebad Segvxvda aRweriTi da emo- 

ciuri damokidebulebis mqone teqs- 

tebi rogorc qarTul, ise somxur 

enebze. 

1) 

CemTvis jansaRi sakvebi mirCevnia. 

gemriel sakvebSi bevri cximia, es 

adamianis organizms did zians aye- 

nebs. marTalia Roris xorciT gake- 

Tebuli mwvandi gemrielia da yvelas 

uyvars, magram cudad moqmedebs 

janmrTelobaze. me mirCevnia mcena- 

reebiT damzadebuli kerZebi. magram 

imasac vWam xolme. 

am teqstis mixedviT irkveva, rom 

avtori saSualoze maRal doneze 

flobs qarTul enas, amdenad, misT- 

vis ar warmoadgens problemas faq- 

tis aRwera da amis safuZvelze sa- 

kuTari poziciis mokled, magram 

Tanmimdevrulad da logikurad war- 

moCena. 

2) 

me vfiqrob, rom patara qalaqSi 

cxovreba jobia, imitom rom patara 

qalaqSi siCumea, didi qalaqSi ki 

Zalian xmauria. marTalia didi qa- 

laqSi didi Sansi gaqvs swavlisTvis, 

da advilad iSovi samsaxuri. patara 

qalaqSi yvelam icnoben erTmaneTs, 

qurdoba ar aris da usafrTxoa sia- 

ruli. 

am teqstis avtoris Sesaxeb 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi saSualo 

doneze flobs qarTul enas, misi 

lingvisturi kompetencia pirvel av- 

torTan SedarebiT dabalia, Tumca, 

abzacis doneze, isic ayalibebs sa- 

kuTar pozicias da asabuTebs faqtis

mokle aRweriT. am teqstSi naklebad 

aris warmoCenili diskursis max- 

asiaTeblebi, markerebi da makavSire- 

beli enobrivi saSualebebi. pirveli 

ori teqstis mcire moculobis gamo 

metakognituri codnis realizaciaze 

am SemTxvevebSi saubari naklebadaa 

SesaZlebeli. 

3) 

Cemi azriT, yovelTvis didi qa- 

laqi ufro jobia da axla yvelas 

rom vkiTxoT yvelani gveubnebian 

rom didi qalaqi ufro kargia. me 

bevri naTesavi myavs, romlebic 

axalqalaqSi cxovrobdnen, mere sxva 

did qalaqSi TbilisSi, moskovsa da 

erevanSi gadavidnen, da iq kargad 

cxovroben. maT zogjer veubnebi Ca- 

modiT-meTqi da aq, axalqalaqSi ic- 

xovreT. isinic ki gveubnebian, rom 

Tqven CamodiTo, aq ufro kargiao. me 

vfiqrob, rom isini sworad amboben, 

didi qalaqi ufro kargia, radgan iq 

bevri samuSao adgilebi aris da 

umuSevari darCenis albaToba Zalian 

cotaa. did qalaqebSi skola da un- 

iversiteti bevria da adamiani SeuZ- 

lia Tavisi SvilisTvis airCios yve- 

laze kargi da saWiro skola an un- 

iversiteti. es yvelaferi damtkicebs, 

rom did qalaqebSi cxovreba ufro 

kargia, vidre patara qalaqebSi. 

mocemul teqsts, SeiZleba iTq- 

vas, aqvs emociuri elferi, piradi 

damokidebuleba, gadmocemuli sadad 

da martivad, sakuTari gamocdilebis 

aRwera, rac zogadi daskvnis gamota- 

nis iribi safuZveli xdeba. miuxeda- 

vad avtoris SedarebiT dabali 


10 

lingvisturi kompetenciisa, metakog- 

nituri codna met-naklebad Cans na- 

muSevarSi. 

4) 

me Zalian miyvars qalaqi, magram 

suliT mSvidi adamiani var, amitomac 

mirCevnia patara qalaqSi vicxovre, 

imitom rom CemTvis eg saWiroa, roca 

Cemi Semogareno yvelaferi mSvidi da 

lamazi iqneba. magram Tu eg SesaZ- 

lebloba ar mqondes, da me sadac 

viqnebi bednieri, iq vicxovre. qalaqi 

iyos patara Tu didi eg mniSvnelo- 

vani ara, umTavresi rogori adamia- 

nebi cxovroben iq. me qalaqSi Zalian 

bevrjer vyofilvar, magram me mudam 

mirCevnia patara qalaqi. didi qalaq- 

Si roca viyo, cud xasiaTze var, ar 

vici, ratom albaT bevri Senoba 

aris, Zalian bevri manqana aris. me 

saerTod ar miyvars qalaqis kakani, 

Zalian vnerviulob. magram ar SemiZ- 

lia vTqva, rom qalaqi cudi. didi 

qalaqi aqvs Tavisi Tvisebebi, pata- 

rac Tavisi. didi qalaqSi Zalian be- 

vri saocari adgili aris, bevri 

Zeglebi. magaliTad, Tbilisi didi 

qalaqi. ra lamazi qalaqia, Zalian 

lamazi buneba aqvs, saocari sanaxao- 

ba aris. me imedi maqvs, rom kargad 

viswavle da kargi specialisti 

gavxde. gansxvaveba ar aris Tu sad 

vcxovrob did qalaqSi Tu patara. me 

mgonia, rom patara qalaqSi yvela 

adamiani muSaoben, magram did qalaq- 

Si saqmis eweva Zalian Znelia. mainc- 

damainc yvela qalaqi aqvs Tavis da- 

debiTi da uarRobiTi Tviseba.

Tu mesame teqstSi Txroba sada 

iyo, am namuSevarSi Warbobs eqspre- 

siuli funqciiT gamoyenebuli zed- 

sarTavi saxelebi. teqstis logikuri 

wyoba SedarebiT areulia, amdenad 

metakognituri codna naklebadaa 

asaxuli am werilobiT teqstSi. 

teqstebis ganxilvisas saintere- 

soa, Tu ramdenad floben avtorebi 

strategiul kompetencias, ramdenad 

iyeneben ama Tu im formas adekvatu- 

rad da miznis Sesabamisad. am mxriv 

pirvel teqstSi yuradRebas iqcevs 

Semdegi frazebi: CemTvis jansaRi 

sakvebi mirCevnia; mcenareebiT damza- 

debuli kerZebi; meoTxe teqstSi 

sainteresoa Semdegi monakveTebi: qa- 

laqis kakani; mudam mirCevnia; mainc- 

damainc yvela qalaqi aqvs. savsebiT 

SesaZlebelia, am tipis Secdomebi 

mSobliuri enis enobrivi bazis 

transferis Sedegi iyos, amdenad, 

swored amgvar Secdomebze unda ga- 

vumaxviloT yuradReba enis Semswav- 

lels swavlebis procesSi da maT 

aRmosafxvrelad unda gamoviyenoT 

sxvadasxva strategia. kvlevis mizans 

amjerad ar warmoadgens am strate- 

giebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiTi sauba- 

ri. imdenad ramdenadac ganxiluli 

teqstebi ar scildeba abzacis 

dones, argumentirebuli diskursis 

organizebis problemebze (Sesavali, 

ZiriTadi nawili, daskvna, Zlieri da 

susti argumentebi, mxardamWeri de- 

bulebebi da a. S.) ar SevCerdebiT. 


11 

diskursis markerebi 

problemis analizisas mxedvelo- 

baSi unda miviRoT diskursis max- 

asiaTeblebic. ganxilul argumenti- 

rebul teqstebSi rogorc qarTul, 

ise somxur enebze warmodgenil na- 

muSevrebSi studentebi yvelaze xSi- 

rad iyenebdnen frazebs: Cemi azriT, 

me vfiqrob sakuTari damokidebule- 

bis gamoxatvis mizniT. saTqmels iS- 

viaTad asabuTebdnen formiT: maga- 

liTad. samomavlo perspeqtiva ram- 

denime respondentma gadmosca fra- 

ziT: imedi maqvs, rom... daskvna ram- 

denime nawerSi mocemuli iyo for- 

miT: aqedan gamomdinare... orive enaze 

wevr-kavSirebidan yvelaze xSirad 

gamoyenebuli formebia: imitom rom, 

radgan... 

Sejameba 

qarTul da somxur enebze Seqm- 

nili teqstebis gaanalizebisas erTi 

myari kanonzomiereba SeiniSneba am 

TvalsazrisiT. avtorebi daaxloebiT 

imave unarebisa da diskursuli mar- 

kerebis gamoyenebiT qmnian teqsts 

mSobliur enaze, romelTa meSveobi- 

Tac ageben qarTul teqsts. moculo- 

bac TiTqmis identuria. bunebrivad 

ismis kiTxva, ra SeiZleba iyos amis 

ganmapirobebeli mizezi? maT umrav- 

lesobas ar uswavlia weris strate- 

giebi mSobliur enaze, samagierod, am 

strategiebs met-naklebad gaecnen 

meore enaze. aris Tu ara SesaZle- 

beli weris procesSi weris unarebis 

transferi meore enidan pir- 

vel/mSobliur enaze? diskursis ti-

pis gaTvaliswinebiT mocemuli teqs- 

tebis analizi iZleva kiTxvaze da- 

debiTi pasuxis gacemis saSualebas. 

weris teqnika da zogadi strategie- 

bi erTgvari universaluri movlenaa 

da misi transferi Tavisufladaa 

SesaZlebeli rogorc mSobliuri 

enidan meore enaze, ise piriqiT, 

meore enidan mSobliur enaze. Tumca, 

es daskvna gamogvaqvs mxolod kon- 

kretuli tipis diskursis safuZ- 

velze. sainteresoa am TvalsazrisiT 

kiTxvarebisa da intervius Sedegebi. 

kiTxvarebis analizi 

kiTxvarebis mizani iyo imis ga- 

movlena, Tu ramdenad iyenebs mSob- 

liur enas araqarTulenovani Sems- 

wavleli qarTul enaze weris pro- 

cesis warmarTvisas, ra roli da 

datvirTva aqvs am SemTxvevaSi mSob- 

liur enas da kidev ra gare faqto- 

rebi monawileobs am procesSi. 

Semswavleli kiTxvarebis Ses- 

wavlisa da damuSavebisas saintereso 

tendencia gamoikveTa. kiTxvaze qar- 

Tul enaze romeli tipis teqstis 

dawera/Seqmna ufro gagiadvildebaT, 

umravlesobam Semoxaza grafa - ambis 

gadmocema. studentebi amgvarad asa- 

buTeben saTqmels: ufro advilia im- 

is gadmocema, rogor gavatare gu- 

Sindeli dRe. unda davwero, rac iyo, 

ese igi mxolod moxdenili (momxda- 

ri) ambavi. Tan araa saWiro bevri 

enobrivi kliSeebis gamoyeneba; aseT 

teqstSi Cveulebrivi ena, e. i. quCis 

ena, sakmarisia; me ufro miadvildeba 

ambis gadmocema, radgan am teqstSi 


12 

viyeneb im sityvebs, rasac viyeneb yo- 

veldRiur cxovrebaSi. gamokiTxul- 

Tagan mxolod samma axalgazrdam 

mianiWa upiratesoba aRweriTi teqs- 

tis Seqmnas. erT-erTi studentis po- 

zicia aseTia: aRwera CemTvis ufro 

advilia, imitom rom suraTi moce- 

mulia da Cven pirdapir vwerT, rasac 

vxedavT. mxolod 3 studentis arCe- 

vania sakuTari poziciis gamomxat- 

veli teqsti. erT-erTi maTgani wers: 

CemTvis ufro advilia Tqveni pozi- 

ciis gamoxatva, imitom rom es aris 

Cveni ocneba, mizani, Cven vfiqrobT 

momavalSi ras unda gaakeToT. 

kiTxvarebis SemuSavebisas CvenT- 

vis saintereso iyo, Tu ra etapebis- 

gan Sedgeboda respondentebis weris 

procesi da romel etapze xdeboda 

mSobliuri da meore enebis CarT- 

va/gaaqtiureba. am blokSi respon- 

dentebma ZiriTadad sam kiTxvas 

gasces pasuxi: a) vfiqrob mSobliur 

enaze da weras viwyeb qarTul enaze; 

b) vfiqrob mSobliur enaze, ideebs 

valageb da vgegmav qarTul enaze da 

viwyeb weras qarTulad; g) vfiqrob, 

vgegmav, valageb ideebs qarTul 

enaze da viwyeb weras. aqedan 

pirveli da meore kiTxvebi TiTqmis 

faravs erTmaneTs, miuxedavad amisa, 

pasuxebis raodenoba a)-b) da g) 

kiTxvebze TiTqmis Tanabrad gaiyo. 

gamokiTxulTa naxevari acxadebs, 

rom weris dawyebamde fiqroben 

mSobliur enaze da, Sesabamisad, 

werilobiT teqstsac qmnian pirvel 

enaze. respondentTa meore naxevari 

ki aRniSnavs, rom weris procesi

mTlianad mimdinareobs meore enaze. 

isini fiqroben, gegmaven da qmnian 

teqsts mxolod qarTulad. riT 

SeiZleba aixsnas msgavsi movlena? ra 

aris aRniSnuli fokusjgufis 

kognituri procesebis safuZveli? 

pasuxis gacemaSi dagvexmareba 

intervius Sedegebi (ix. qvemoT, 

intervius analizis Sedegebi). 

rac Seexeba qarTul enaze 

teqstis Seqmnis mizniT konkretuli 

Tematikis SerCevis sakiTxs, 

gamokiTxulTa umetesoba irCevs 

Semdeg Temebs: werili megobars; Cemi 

momavali; umaRlesi ganaTlebis 

miReba aucilebelia; romel qalaqSi 

icxovrebdiT da ratom? Tamamad 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom studentebis 

arCevani ganpirobebulia nacnobi Te- 

matikiTa da diskursis tipiT. 

dabolos, sainteresoa, ramdenad 

floben respondentebi kognitur 

strategiebs da ramdenad SeuZliaT 

sakuTari naweris gadakiTxva, grama- 

tikuli da Sinaarsobrivi Secdome- 

bis povna. am etapze es sakiTxi ga- 

varkvieT mxolod kiTxvarebis do- 

neze. aRmoCnda, rom TiTqmis yvela 

gamokiTxuli teqstis gadakiTxvisas 

met-naklebad poulobs mxolod gra- 

matikul Secdomebs. erT-erTi res- 

pondenti aRniSnavs: Cem mier dawe- 

rili teqstis gadakiTxva ar aris 

rTuli. Secdomebis povna ufro 

rTulia, imitom rom me davwere da 

ar mesmis Cemi Secdomebi. magram 

ufro xSirad vpoulob gramatikuli 

Secdomebi. 


13 

interviu 

respondentebTan muSaobis bolo 

etapi iyo maTTan gasaubreba. am 

aqtivobaSi monawileoba miiRo 10 

studentma. maT davusviT Semdegi 

SekiTxva: romel enaze fiqrobT da 

romel enaze werT da ra 

ganapirobebs Tqvens arCevans? 

umetesobis pasuxi iyo Semdegi: maT 

urCevniaT maTTvis nacnob Tematikaze 

ifiqron qarTulad da, Sesabamisad, 

teqsti Seqmnan qarTul enaze, radgan 

am SemTxvevaSi maT gacilebiT 

uadvildebaT weris procesis 

warmarTva da ukeTes Sedegebsac 

iReben. qarTulad fiqris dros isini 

realurad afaseben sakuTari enis 

flobis dones da maTTvis nacnob 

da, aqedan gamomdinare, adekvatur 

leqsikur erTeulebsa da sintaqsur 

konstruqciebs iyeneben. maSin, 

rodesac fiqroben somxurad da 

cdiloben, somxuridan sityva- 

sityviT Targmnon teqsti, kognituri 

procesi ormagdeba, rTuldeba da, 

sabolood, studentebi maTTvis 

sasurvel Sedegs ver iReben. garda 

amisa, bunebrivia, rom mSobliuri da 

meore enebis flobis doneebi 

gansxvavdeba, amdenad, pirvel enaze 

Camoyalibebuli/Seqmnili Sinaar- 

sobrivi da gramatikul-leqsikuri 

konstruqciebis transferi gar- 

kveul sirTuleebs ukavSirdeba. 

garda amisa, garTulebuli 

kognituri procesi respondentebis 

emociur mdgomareobazec moqmedebs 

da xels uSlis organizebuli 

werilobiTi produqtis SeqmnaSi. 

ramdenime respondentma aRniSna, rom

gansxvavebiT nacnobi Tematikisagan, 

rTuli da ucnobi teqstis Seqmnisas 

igi fiqrsa da teqstis dagegmvas 

ukve iwyebs mSobliur enaze. 

garda amisa, respondentebTan 

saubrisas CvenTvis saintereso iyo 

Tu muSaobis romel formas aniWeben 

upiratesobas weris procesSi, rodis 

SeuZliaT sakuTari SesaZleb- 

lobebisa da weris strategiebis 

maqsimaluri realizacia? studen- 

tebma ganacxades, rom indivi- 

dualuri muSaoba maTTvis yvelaze 

misaRebi formaa am mxriv, Tumca 

weris procesis dawyebamde diskusia 

da zepiri msjeloba gansakuTrebiT 

uwyobs xels naweris dagegmvaSi, 

saTanado strategiebis moZebnasa da 

werilobiTi diskursis realizebaSi. 

zogadi daskvnebi 

kvlevis Sedegebis Sejamebisas 

kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom 

weris procesSi pirveli da meore 

enebis urTierTmimarTebis dadgeni- 

sas aucilebelia ramdenime faqto- 

ris gaTvaliswineba: weris kognituri 

da metakognituri strategiebis 

codna mSobliur an meore enaze, 

enis flobis done, diskursis tipi. 

Catarebuli muSaobis safuZvelze 

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom nacnobi 

tipis diskursisa da SedarebiT 

martivi amocanis SemTxvevaSi, 

abzacis doneze, kognituri 

procesebi Tanabrad mimdinareobs 

rogorc pirvel, ise meore enaze. 

amdenad, weris unarebis transferi 

SesaZlebelia rogorc pirveli 

enidan meore enaSi, ise piriqiT, 


14 

meore enidan mSobliur enaSi. aRsaniSnavia, 

rom respondentebis nawili 

ideebis generacias, dagegmvasa da 

weris procesis warmarTvas arCevs 

pirdapir meore enaze. nawili fi- 

qrobs somxur enaze da weras iwyebs 

qarTul enaze. mopovebuli masalis 

damuSavebam gviCvena, rom maTi arCe- 

vani ganpirobebulia diskursis ti- 

piT, amocanis sirTuliTa da nacnobi 

TematikiT. amdenad, weris procesis 

swavlebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT 

es aspeqtebi da ar unda ugulebel- 

vyoT mSobliuri enis roli. 

samomavlo perspeqtiva 

warmodgenili naSromi qarTul 

saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi am Tval- 

sazrisiT mimdinare procesebis 

fonze sakiTxis Seswavlisa da damu- 

Savebis mxolod pirveli nabiji da 

mcire kvlevaa. saWiroa pirveli da 

meore enebis mimarTebis, meore enaze 

weris procesis warmarTvis 

dakvirveba dinamikaSi. ra Sedegebs 

mogvcems qarTul enaSi mosamzade- 

beli programis studentebis, aseve, 

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis swav- 

lebis sxvაdasxva programis monawi- 

leebis monacemebis Seswavla weris 

swavlebis dawyebamde da rogori vi- 

Tareba iqneba kursis dasrulebis 

Semdeg. saWiroa fokusjgufis mocu- 

lobis gazrdac da kvlevaSi ufro 

meti respondentis CarTva, raTa ki- 

dev ufro ganzogadebuli da sru- 

lyofili suraTi miviRoT. miRebuli 

Sedegebi ki gamogvadgeba konkretu- 

li rekomendaciebis SemuSavebasa da 

samomavlo muSaobis warmarTvaSi.


gamoyenebuli literatura 

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ning in English. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4, 169-197 

knutsoni, 2006 - Knutson, E. M. (2006). Thinking in English, writing in French. The French Re- 

view, 80 (1), 88-109. 

koheni, bruqs-karsoni, 2001 - Cohen, A. D., & Brooks-Carson, A. (2001). Research on direct 

versus translated writing: Students'strategies and their results. The modern Language Journal, 85, 

169-188. 

kohro, 2009 - AA Contrastive Study between L1 and L2 Compositions: Focusing on Global Text 

Structure, Composition Quality, and Cariables in L2 Writing, Dialogue, 2009, Col. 8, PP.1-19 

krapelsi, 1990 - Krapels, A. R. (1990). An overview of second language writing process research. 

In B. Kroll (Ed.), Second Language writing: Research insights for the classroom (pp.37-56). Cambridge: 

Cambridge University Press 

lali, 2000 - Lally, C. G. (2000). First language influences in second language composition: The 

effect of pre-writing. Foreign Language Annals, 33, 428-432 

lei, 1982 - Lay, N. D. S. (1982). Composing processes of adult ESL learners: A case study. TESOL 

Cuarterly, 16, 406 

ficgeraldi, Senahani, 2000 - Fitzgerald, J., & Shanahan, T. (2000). Reading and writing rela- 

tions and their development. Education Phsychologist, 35 (1), 39-50 

flaueri, heisi, 1981 - Flower, L., & Hayes, J. R. (1981). A cognitive process theory of writing. 

National Council of Teachers of English, 32 (4), 365-387 

fraidlanderi, 1990 - Freidlander, A. (1990). Composing in English: Effects of a first language 

on writing in English as a second language. in B. Kroll (Ed.), Second language writing: Research 

insights for the classroom (pp. 109-125). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

fukuda, 371, 372 - Eri Fukuda, Relationships of L1 and L2 Reading and Writing Skills, 

Giuli Shabashvili 

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 


The Relationship between the First and 

the Second language writing 

ABSTRACT 

The paper aims to consider the relationship between first and second language writing and main points 

appeared in second language writing process. It is emphasized the cognitive and metacognitive strate- 

gies either for the first or the second languages, language acquisition and discourse type. The research 

was fulfilled in different ways. First of all the students created essays on the both Georgian and Arme- 

nian languages, filled questionnaires and answered the questions during the interview. It is concluded 

that the transfer may be occurred in case of the both directions. So during the second language writing 

class all the above mentioned aspects must be considered. 

16

irine SubiTiZe 


samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi 

urTierTobebis centri 

asakobrivi Taviseburebebi 

meore enis swavlebisas 

abstraqti 

statiis mizania, mkiTxvelis yuradReba kidev erTxel miapyros asakobrivi Tavi- 

seburebebis mniSvnelobas meore enis swavla/swavlebis konteqstSi, romelic 

mniSvnelovani da sagulisxmo faqtoria rogorc mSobliuri/pirveli enis swav- 

lis dros, aseve meore enis dauflebis procesSi. statiaSi ganxiluli iqneba 

saerTaSoriso kvlevebis safuZvelze warmodgenili mosazrebebi da analizi 

asakobrivi Taviseburebebisa da, kerZod ki, „kritikuli periodis hipoTezasTan“ 

(Critical Period Hypothesis) dakavSirebiT. aseve, warmovadgenT im mniSvnelovan gare- 

moebebs, romlebic ganuyofelia enis swavlis procesisgan asakobriv Tavisebu- 

rebebTan erTad. mTavari SekiTxva, romelic aRniSnuli sakiTxis orgvliv arse- 

bobs, aris is, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania asakobrivi diferenciacia meore 

enis Seswavlis procesSi, ra ganapirobebs erTi da imave asakobrivi jgufis 

warmomadgenlebSi gansxvavebul Sedegebs? 

arsebobs farTod gavrcelebuli mosazreba, rom meore enis warmatebiT dauf- 

leba dakavSirebulia Semswavlelis asakze, rac gulisxmobs meore enis aTvi- 

sebisTvis optimaluri periodis (asakis) SerCevas. es asaki warmoadgens dabade- 

bidan mowifulobamde periods. statiaSi SevecdebiT warmovadginoT rogorc 

dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi argumentebi adreul asakSi enis swavlasTan dakavSi- 

rebiT. 

Sesavali 

meore enis swavla/swavlebis 

procesi da masTan dakavSirebuli 

garemoebebis kvleva da analizi kar- 

ga xania, rogorc linvistTa, aseve 

farTo sazogadoebis interesis sfe- 

ros warmoadens. aqtualoba aRniS- 

nul sakiTxs arcerT epoqaSi dau- 

17 

kargavs, Tumca gansakuTrebul dat- 

virTvas iZens dRevandel epoqaSi, 

mTel msoflioSi meore enis swavle- 

bis mimarT gazrdili moTxovnis 

kvaldakval rogorc umravlesobe- 

bis, aseve EeTnikuri umciresobebisT- 

vis.

vfiqrobT, saintereso iqneba, 

mkiTxvelis yuradReba kidev erT- 

xel SevaCeroT meore enis swavlebis 

procesze, kerZod ki, asakobriv Ta- 

viseburebebze meore enis aTvisebis 

procesSi. SevecdebiT warmovadgi- 

noT is gamocdileba, romelic am mi- 

marTulebiT dagrovda sxvadasxva 

qveyanaSi Catarebuli kvlevebis Se- 

degad. daveyrdnobiT ucxo qveynis 

gamocdilebas, radgan am mimarTule- 

biT saqarTveloSi jer kidev ar ar- 

sebobs bolo periodSi Catarebuli 

farTomasStabiani kvleva, romelic 

saSualebas mogvcemda, garkveuli 

daskvnebi gagvekeTebina da parale- 

lebi gagvevlo ucxour gamocdile- 

basTan. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanamedro- 

veobam moitana bilingviz- 

mis/multilingvizmis aucilebloba. 

ori an meti enis codna gaxda wina- 

piroba srulfasovani ganaTlebis 

miRebisTvis, komunikaciisTvis, so- 

cializaciisTvis da yvelaze mTava- 

ri: dRes ukve orenovneba moiazreba 

erT-erT mtkice garantad karieru- 

li winsvlisTvis. swored aRniSnul- 

ma faqtma ganapiroba mTel msofli- 

oSi meore enis swavlis mimarT 

gazrdili interesi da, paralelu- 

rad, gaCnda uamravi sadavo sakiTxi 

meore enis swavlebis mimarTulebiT; 

magaliTad iseTi sakiTxebi, rogori- 

caa: ra asakSi unda daiwyos bavSvma 

meore enis swavla? aferxebs Tu ara 

mSobliuri enis swavlas adreul 

asakSi meore enis swavleba? swav- 

lebis ra meTodebia gamarTlebuli, 


18 

raTa moxdes bavSvis kognituri gan- 

viTareba? da sxva mravali kiTxva, 

romlebic jer isev pasuxgaucemelia. 

miuxedavad mTel msoflioSi kvleve- 

bisa da dakvirvebebis Sedegad da- 

grovili gamocdilebisa, erTiani, 

yovlismomcveli midgoma ar arse- 

bobs lingvistikis mkvlevarTa So- 

ris. 

rogorc araerTi enaTmecnieri 

amtkicebs, meore enis swavlas 

adreul asakSi aqvs uamravi upirate- 

soba, Tumca am hipoTezis oponentTa 

ganmartebiT, aseve sagulisxmoa is 

safrTxeebic, romelTa ugulvebe- 

lyofa did problemas warmoadgens 

bavSvis kognituri ganviTarebisTvis. 

swored arsebul upiratesobebsa da 

safrTxeebze saubars daeTmoba sta- 

tiis ZiriTadi nawili, romelic dae- 

myareba ucxo qveynebSi arsebul 

kvlevebsa da gamocdilebas. 

adreul asakSi meore enis swavlebis 

dadebiTi maxasiaTeblebi 

enis mkvlevarTa ganmartebiT, 

meore enis swavlebisas nebismeri 

asakis bavSvisTvis mniSvnelovania 

kargad gamocdili da aprobirebuli 

saswavlo masala, swavlebis meTode- 

bi, maswavlebelTa maRalkvalifici- 

uroba, rac winapirobaa sasurveli 

saswavlo SedegebisTvis. gansakuTre- 

bul mniSvnelobas ki zemoaRniSnuli 

garemoebani iZens adreul asakSi, 

meore enis swavlebisas, maSin, roca 

bavSvi or enas paralelurad eufle- 

ba (igulisxmeba mSobliuri da meore 

ena).

individis asakobrivi ganviTare- 

bis mravalmxrivobidan gamomdinare, 

romelic didwilad gansazRvravs 

mTel rig socialur, saganmanaT- 

leblo da sxva nebismier sferoSi 

mis warmatebas, asakobrivi Tavisebu- 

rebani swavla-swavlebis procesSi 

warmoadgens swored erT-erT umniSv- 

nelovanes sakvlev fenomens meore 

enis swavlebis TematikiT daintere- 

sebul mkvlevarTa Soris (abelo- 

kontesi, 2008). 

arsebobs sazogadoebaSi farTod 

gavrcelebuli mosazreba, romlis 

mixedviT axalgazrda enis Semswav- 

lelebSi (igulisxmeba dabadebidan 

mowifulobis asakamde periodi), ga- 

cilebiT swrafad da efeqturad mim- 

dinareobs enis aTvisebis procesi da 

aqvT ukeTesi Sedegebi (skoveli, 2000 

ix: abelo-kontesi, 2008). dakvirvebeb- 

ma cxadyo, rom meore enis swavlis 

procesisa da asakobrivi Tavisebure- 

bebis urTierTkavSiri gacilebiT 

kompleqsuri movlenaa, romelic 

ukavSirdeba asakobrivi periodis 

diferenciacias, kerZod ki asakobriv 

dayofas adreul da an SedarebiT 

gvian asakSi enis SemswavlelTa 

(early and late-starting L2 learners) klasifi- 

kacias (jonstouni, 2002). 

imisaTvis, rom individi gaxdes 

bilingvali/multilingvali da SeZ- 

los, or an met enaSi miaRwios maR- 

al kompetencias, arsebobs siZnelee- 

bi da garemoebebi, romlebic gan- 

sazRvravs SesaZlo warmatebas. ro- 

gorc dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, enis 

swavlis procesi warmoadgens mra- 


19 

valmxiv process, sxvadasxva mniSv- 

nelovani garemoebis erTobliobas, 

romelTa gaTvaliswinebis gareSec 

SeuZlebelia meore enis srulfaso- 

vani daufleba da individis biling- 

valad Camoyalibeba. am garemoebaTa 

arasrul CamonaTvals ganekuTvneba: 

interpersonaluri urTierTobebi, 

`kulturuli gamgebianoba~ (cultural 

understanding), pirovnuli Tavdajere- 

buloba, ekonomikuri da socialuri 

aspeqtebi, diskriminaciis maxasia- 

Teblebi, gansakuTrebiT, roca sau- 

bari gvaqvs eTnikuri umciresobebis 

warmomadgenlebze da a.S. (kordova, 

lejandro, 2010). 

sakuTari gamocdilebidan da 

sxvaTa kvlevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

mecnierTa nawili amtkicebs, rom 

meore enis swavlas adreul asakSi 

aqvs gacilebiT meti dadebiTi mxare, 

vidre uaryofiTi, iseTi, rogoricaa: 

SemecnebiTi ganviTareba, karieruli 

winsvlis meti perspeqtiva, sxva 

kulturis mimarT mimRebloba da 

sxva. (kordova, lejandro, 2010) 

fsiqologTa nawili ganmartavs, 

rom meore enis swavlebisTvis sau- 

keTeso periodia nulidan 7 wlamde, 

radgan am dros bavSvis goneba yve- 

laze metad aris mobilizebuli, rac 

SeiZleba meti informacia SeiTvisos 

da daileqos mis cnobierebaSi (kor- 

dova, lejandro, 2010). 

„enebis samyaroSi Sebijeba“ 

adreul asakSi gacilebiT iol, 

saintereso da saxaliso procesad 

aRiqmeba bavSvisTvis, romelic mizan- 

mimarTuli swavlis gareSe axerxebs

ori enis paralelurad dauflebas, 

maSin, roca mozardi, miuxedavad im- 

isa, rom mas SeuZlia garkveuli gra- 

matikuli Tu Sinaarsobrivi struq- 

turebis gaazreba, gacilebiT met 

winaaRmdegobas awydeba (kordova, 

lejandro, 2010). adreul asakSi nas- 

wavli enis gamoyeneba akademiuri Tu 

komunikaciuri miznebisTvis gacile- 

biT martivia, radgan orenovnebis 

Sedegad ganviTarebuli kognituri 

upiratesoba iZleva SesaZleblobas, 

komunikacia meore enaze iyos meqani- 

kuri, yovelgvari xangrZlivi pauzisa 

da yoymanis gareSe, rac mosaubris 

naubars gacilebiT advilad aRsaq- 

mels xdis, vidre gvian asakSi nas- 

wavli enis gamoyenebis dros, roca 

xSiria waborZikeba da erTxel 

naTqvami sityvis an winadadebis ram- 

denjerme ganmeoreba gramatikuli Tu 

Sinaarsobrivi Secdomis gasworebis 

mizniT. 

gansxvavebiT mozardobis period- 

Si naswavli enisgan, adreul asakSi 

enis Semswavleli SesaniSnavad arT- 

mevs Tavs, fokusireba moaxdinos 

konteqstSi sityvis mniSvnelobis 

cvlilebaze, gansakuTrebiT - ora- 

zrovani sityvis an frazis gamoyene- 

bis dros (http://ri.ues.edu.sv/ 590/1/ 

10136247.pdf). 

saintereso iqneba aRiniSnos kidev 

erTi saintereso dakvirveba, romel- 

ic exeba meore enis swavlis proces- 

Si mSobliuri enis ganmtkicebis 

perspeqtivas. magaliTad, roca meore 

enaSi erTi azris gamomxatvel ram- 

denime frazas an sityvas swavlobs 


20 

bavSvi, xSirad uCndebaT survili 

paraleli gaavlos sakuTar enasTan 

da cdilobs moiZios axali sityve- 

bis Sesatyvisi. es procesi xels 

uwyobs garkveuli siaxleebis aRmo- 

Cenas mSobliur enaSi, gansakuTrebiT 

- adreul asakSi, roca misi fantazia 

da metis gagebis survili ganu- 

sazRvrelia. zrdasrulobis asakSi 

enis swavla aris rutinuli procesi, 

naklebad datvirTuli saintereso 

mignebebiTa da axlis Ziebis survi- 

liT. xSirad post-pubertul asakSi 

meore enis swavla aris aucileblo- 

bidan gamomdinare, romelic mokle- 

bulia sxva samyaros Ziebis survils, 

radgan am asakSi ukve bavSvs sxva, 

ufro mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi esax- 

eba prioritetad, vidre eZios pasux- 

ebi SekiTxvebze: ratom? risTvis? 

rogor? 

kvlevam aCvena, rom 10-12 wlis 

asakis Semdgom tvini amuSavebs eno- 

briv informacias gansxvavebulad, 

radgan aRniSnul asakamde tvini 

mudmivad da ufro intensiurad amya- 

rebs nevrologiur kavSirebs. Tinei- 

jerobis an zrdasrulobis asakSi 

enis swavlis dros tvinSi mimdina- 

reobs „brZola“ raTa axali, SesaT- 

visebeli masalisTvis tvinSi gamoi- 

naxos garkveuli Tavisufali sivrce. 

ase rom, adreul asakSi enis swavla 

gulisxmobs tvinis mzadyofnas yo- 

veli axali informaciis SeTvise- 

bisTvis, rac zrdasrulobis perioSi 

gacilebiT Sromatevadi samuSaoa (ix: 

kordova, alejandro, 2010).

adreuli bilingvizmi bavSvSi 

aviTarebs TviTrwmenisa da Tvi- 

Trealizebis unars. is grZnobs Tav- 

dajerebulobas, roca SeuZlia iyos 

„xidi/makavSirebeli“ or, sxvadasxva 

kulturis warmomadgenel, bavSvs 

Soris Tundac TamaSis dros 

(http://ri.ues.edu.sv/ 590/1/ 10136247.pdf). 

meore enis codna bavSobaSive iZ- 

leva saSualebas, eziaro gansxvave- 

bul musikas, istorias, literatu- 

ras, romelSic sxvadasxva eris in- 

dividualuri xedvaa asaxuli. Sede- 

gad - bavSvs adreuli asakidanve 

uyalibdeba gemovneba da kritikuli 

azrovneba, romelic SemdgomSi, 

zrdasrulobis periodSi, exmareba 

socialuri da komunikaciuri ur- 

TierTobebisTvis. 

meore enis adreul swavlasTan da- 

kavSirebuli sirTuleebi 

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, statiis 

es nawili daeTmoba im garemoebebis 

analizs, romlebic ganixileba 

lingvistikaSi meore enis adreuli 

Seswavlis oponentTa mxridan. sxva- 

dasxva safrTxe da riskfaqtori, ra 

Tqma unda, arsebobs, radgan saqme 

exeba individs, romelic izrdeba 

da viTardeba sxvadasxva (ojaxur, 

ekonomikur Tu socialur) garemoSi. 

aseve, yvela adamians aqvs individu- 

aluri niWi da Semecnebis unari. 

aqedan gamomdinare, rTulia mkiceba, 

rom yvela bavSvs SeuZlia erTnair 

warmatebas miaRwios adreul asakSi 

enis swavlebis Sedegad. 


21 

mniSvnelovania ojaxis faqtiris 

gaTvaliswineba, ekonomikuri mdgoma- 

reoba, mSobelTa ganaTlebis done, 

garemo, sadac bavSvis socializacia 

xdeba da individualuri inteleqtis 

done, romelic yvela adamianSi 

gansxvavebulia da SeuZlebelia 

garkveuli gamonaklisis gareSe misi 

Secvla. 

kvlevebidan gamomdinare, ling- 

vistTa garkveuli nawili mivida 

daskvnamde, rom bavSvi, romelic 

paralelurad eufleba or enas, sa- 

Sualod 3-6 TviT gvian iwyebs mety- 

velebas sxva Tanatolebisgan 

gansxvavebiT, aseve arsebobs 

safrTxe, rom enebi SesaZloa erTma- 

neTSi aerios adreul asakSi meore 

enis swavlis gamo, maSin, roca bavS- 

vi jer mSobliur enas ver flobs 

saTanadod (kordova, lejandro, 

2010). rogorc rehmani ganmartavs, 

normaluria da safrTxes ar war- 

moadgens kognituri ganviTarebisT- 

vis, Tu 4 wlis asakSi bavSvs enebi 

erTmaneTSi ereva, gansakuTrebiT es 

xdeba maSin, rodesac romelime enaSi 

bavSvi grZnobs sityvebis naklebobas 

naazrevis gadmosacemad da is meore 

enidan sesxuloben leqsikur er- 

Teulebs (kordova, Alejandro, 2010). 

Tumca, es ar niSnavs enebis arevas, 

ubralod, xdeba droebiT sxvadasxva 

enidan sityvebis Canacvleba, rom- 

lebic droTa ganmavlobaSi gamos- 

worebadia: roca miagnebs bavSvi sa- 

surveli SetyobinebisTvis Sesabamis 

sityvas anda frazas.

mecnierTa is nawili, romelic 

ar uWers mxars meore enis swavlas 

adreuls asakSi, ganmartavs, rom 

meore enis paralelur reJimSi 

swavleba aferxebs bavSvis kognitur 

ganviTarebas da xels uSlis mSob- 

liur enaSi maRali kompetenciis 

miRwevas. magaliTad, umciresobebis 

bavSvebisTvis meore enis swavleba 

adreul asakSi SesaZloa ganxilul 

iqnes rogorc dadebiT, ise uaryo- 

fiT movlenad, radgan umciresobe- 

bisTvis meore enis swavla adreul 

asakSi iwvevs garkveul Seferebebs 

da Sedegi aris xangrZlivi perspeq- 

tiva (kordova, lejandro, 2010). maTi 

asakis Tanatolebi, romlebic mxo- 

lod mSobliur enaze swavloben, 

garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi 

ufro swraf akademiur warmatebas 

aRweven skolaSi, Tumca bilingvali 

bavSvisTvis bilingvizmis dadebiTi 

Sedegi dgeba zrdasrulobis asakSi, 

roca isini, maTi monolingvali Ta- 

natolebisagan gansxvavebiT, floben 

kognitur Tu komunikaciur upira- 

tesobebs. 

adreul asakSi mere enis swav- 

lisTvis aucilebelia damatebiTi 

mecadineoba, dro da energia, rac 

xSir SemTxvevaSi rTuli da mosabe- 

zrebeli procesia, gansakuTrebiT 

adreul etapze, roca rTulia bavSvs 

auxsna, misTvis ramdenad mniSvnelo- 

vania ori enis codna, maSin, roca am 

asakSi bavSvi fizikurad aqtiuria da 

misi bunebrivi moTxovnilebaa TamaSi 

da meti Tavisufali drois gatareba 

TanatolebTan. 


22 

praqtikidan gamomdinare, aris 

SemTxvevebi, roca ori enis parale- 

lurad swavlis SemTxvevaSi bavSvebi 

meore enaSi ver aRweven sasurvel 

warmatebas da amis gamo iTrgunebian, 

imis nacvlad, rom saubris procesSi 

daSvebuli Secdomebi gamoasworon, 

uyalibdebaT garkveuli kompleqsi 

da cdiloben Tavi aaridon komuni- 

kacias Secdomebis daSvebis SiSiT. 

es problema gansakuTrebiT Tavs 

iCens xolme adreul asakSi. Tumca, 

aRniSnuli metad individualuria, 

romlis daZlevac mSoblebma da mas- 

wavlebelma unda uzrunvelyon sko- 

lamdeli aRzrdis dawesebulebaSi 

an Semdgom - ukve skolis dawyebiT 

safexurze. 

mecxramete saukunis fsiqologi 

da mkvlevari lev vigodski miiCnevda, 

rom adreul asakSi enis swavleba ar 

aris gamarTlebuli, radgan „azrov- 

nebis erTi, Camouyalibebeli formis 

Secvla aseve Camouyalibebeli meore 

formiT, aqveiTebs fsiqikur qmedebas 

iq, sadac is isedac mwiria“ 

(http://vigotski.blogspot.com/) 

Tumca, lingvistTa arc Tu 

mcire nawili ar iziarebs aqNiSnul 

faqts, da ganmartavs, rom e.w „mne- 

motika“ anu damaxsovrebis unari 

adreul asakSi ufro ganviTarebuli 

aqvs bavSvs (bista, 2011); garda amisa, 

enebis codna dRes ukve gardauva- 

lobas warmoadgens da SeuZlebelia 

am aucileblobisgan Tavis daRweva.

meore enis swavlebis Taviseburebani 

da kritikuli periodis hipoTeza 

kritikuli periodis hipoTeza 

(Critical Period Hypothesis CPH), igive 

„sensitiurobis periodi“ (the sensitive 

period) ukavSirdeba meore enis swav- 

las da mis Taviseburebebs adreul 

asakSi. 

es sakiTxi, gansakuTrebiT bolo 

periodSi, warmoadgens debatebisa 

da ganxilvis sagans lingvistebsa da 

meore enis aTvisebis sakiTxTa 

mkvlevrebs Soris. sakiTxi aqtualu- 

ria imdenad, ramdenadac, gansakuTre- 

biT bolo periodSi, msoflios 

umetes qveyanaSi aris meore enis 

swavla/swavlebis bumi. statiis es 

nawili daeTmoba kritikuli peri- 

odis hipoTezaze saubars meore enis 

aTvisebis konteqstSi. 

„kritikuli periodis hipoTeza“ 

(Critical Period Hypothesis CPH) / „sensiti- 

urobis periodi“ (the sensitive period), 

aris bavSvis asakobrivi ganviTarebis 

garkveuli etapi, romelSic moiazre- 

ben swavlebis procesSi asakobrivi 

Taviseburebebis wamyvan rols. 

swored aRniSnuli hipoTezis Tanax- 

mad, „es aris periodi, rodesac 

bavSvi, mizanmimarTuli swavlebis 

gareSe, bunebriv pirobebSi, advilad, 

swrafad da srulyofilad eufleba 

enas“ (riCardsi, Smidti, 2002). `sen- 

sitiurobis periodi~ moicavs 

daaxloebiT dabadebidan mowifulo- 

bamde periods, rodesac bavSvi ga- 

cilebiT aqtiurad da swrafad euf- 

leba enas vidre post-pubertul 


23 

(Post-puberty) periodSi (frimani da 

longi, 2008 ix: bista,K2011). amav- 

droulad, asakobriv Taviseburebeb- 

Tan erTad, sagulisxmoa laitbouni- 

sa da standas (laitbouni da stan- 

da, 2008 ix: bista 2011) mosazrebebi, 

romelTa mixedviT, garda asakisa, 

meore enis Taviseburebani, Semswav- 

lelis gonebrivi potenciali da mis 

irgvliv arsebuli garemo (rogori- 

caa skola, ojaxi, sazogadoeba da 

sxva mravali faqtori) qmnis erTob- 

liobas, romlis ugulebelyofa 

SeuZlebelia meore enis swav- 

la/swavlebis procesis kvlevisas. 

mecnierTa ganmartebiT, „kritikuli 

periodis hipoTezis“ mixedviT 

adreul asakSi enis Semswavlelebs 

aqvT meti metalingvisturi upirate- 

soba enis zrdasrul Semswavleleb- 

Tan SedarebiT, aseve, maTi metyve- 

leba xSir SemTxvevaSi gamoirCeva 

sintaqsuri da gramatikuli Tvalsa- 

zrisiT gamarTulobiTa da daxvewi- 

lobiT. 

erTi mxriv, kvlevebma `kritikul 

asakobriv periodTan~ dakavSirebiT 

cxadyo, rom asakobrivi Tavisebure- 

bani umniSvnelovanes rols asru- 

lebs rogorc pirveli enis swavlis, 

aseve meore enis SeTvisebis proces- 

Si, xolo, meore mxriv ki, mkveTri 

zRvaris gavleba SeuZlebelia, rad- 

gan yvelasTvis dadgenili norma ar 

arsebobs: TiToeuli pirovneba xa- 

siaTdeba individualurobiT da 

xSir SemTxvevaSi, asakobriv Tavise- 

burebebTan erTad, sagulisxmoa sxva 

individualuri monacemebi da garemo

faqtorebi, romelSic cxovrobs da 

viTardeba enis Semswavleli. 

„kritikuli periodis hipoTezis“ 

arsi mdgomareobs swored imaSi, rom 

asaki, rogorc efeqturi saSualeba, 

SesaZloa gamoiyenebodes sxvadasxva 

garemoebebTan TanafardobiT, da ara 

rogorc ganyenebuli, sxva faqtore- 

bisgan damoukidebeli movlena. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom umeteswi- 

lad erTi da imave asakobrivi jgu- 

fis warmomadgenlebi met-naklebad 

erTnair Sedegs aRweven enis swav- 

lebisas, sxva individualuri Tavi- 

seburebebis ugulebelyofa SeuZle- 

belia, magaliTad, iseTi faqtorebi- 

sa, rogoricaa motivacia, genderi, 

pirveli enis faqtori, ojaxis roli, 

garemo romelSic enis Semswavleli 

axdens socializacias da misTanebi. 

Tumca, aRsaniSnavia mravali 

kvleviT ganmtkicebuli hipoTeza, 

rom axalgazrdas gacilebiT meti 

upiratesoba aqvs rogorc enis swav- 

lis TvalsazrisiT, ise nebismieri 

axali informaciis miRebisa da da- 

muSavebis kuTxiT, vidre zrdasru- 

lobisa da Semdgom asakSi, garda 

bunebaSi arsebuli iSviaTi gamo- 

naklisisa. 

SesaZloa, zrdasrul asakSi enis 

swavlis dadebiT maxasiaTeblad 

ganvixiloT zogierTi iseTi faqto- 

ri, rogoricaa gramatikuli struq- 

turebis gaazrebis unari, sintaqsi 

da misTanebi, Tumca, unda aRiniSnos 

msgavsi upiratesobiT naswavli ena, 

rogorc wesi, xanmokle sicocxli- 

sunarianobiT xasiaTdeba. gansxvave- 


24 

biT mcire asakSi yovelgvari kon- 

teqstualuri gaanalizebis gareSe 

naswavli enisgan, romelic droTa 

ganmavlobaSi bunebriv Cvevad yalib- 

deba. 

mkvlevarTa Soris ar arsebobs 

erTsulovani midgoma asakobrivi 

Taviseburebebis ganxilvisas meore 

enis swavlebis konteqstSi, radgan 

kvlevebi, romlebic sakiTxis 

irgvliv arsebuli hipoTezebis gan- 

samtkiceblad Catarda, sxvadasxva 

Sedegebis maCvenebelia. kerZod ki, 

kvlevebis Sedegad dadasturda, rom 

meore enis swavlebisas asaki ara 

erTaderTi, Tumca erT-erTi metad 

sagulisxmo faqtoria, romelic 

gansazRvravs meore enaSi miRweul 

warmatebebs. 

daskvna 

rogorc araerTi kvleva, dakvir- 

veba da eqsperimenti adasturebs, 

upiratesobebi adreul asakSi nas- 

wavli enisa gacilebiT metia, vidre 

naklovanebebi. komunikaciuri upira- 

tesobebi, romelTac bavSvi adreul 

asakSive eziareba, aZlevs axali ur- 

TierTobebis farTo asparezs; 

aseve, davisa da ganxilvis sagans 

aRar warmoadgens karieruli 

winsvlis SesaZleblobebi, romelsac 

iZleva meore enis swavla adreul 

asakSi, kognituri ganviTareba, ro- 

melic Sedegia adreuli bilingviz- 

misa, gzas uxsnis mozards warmate- 

buli cxovrebisaken. pirovnuli Ta- 

visufleba, Tavdajerebuloba, 

TviTrwmena aris is Tvisebebi, ro-

melTa Camoyalibebis erT-erTi umTa- 

vresi mizezi meore enis adreul 

asakSi dauflebaa. aseve, calsaxad 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kvlevebis po- 

zitiuri Sedegis gaTvaliswinebiTa 

da Tanamedrove sazogadoebis winaSe 

wamoyenebuli eniebis codnisa da 

mravalmxriv ganviTarebulobis au- 

cileblobidan gamomdinare, meore 

enis adreul asakSive daufleba gan- 

sakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens. 

rogorc kvlevebi da praqtika aC- 

venebs srulfasovnad enis swavla 

SesaZlebelia mxolod adreuli asa- 

kidan swavlebis Sedegad, garkveuli 

fenomenaluri gamonaklisebis ga- 

reSe, roca individebi warmatebiT 

arTmeven Tavs zrdasrulobis pe- 

riodSi ori an meti enis swavlas. 

Tumca aqac unda aRiniSnos, rom 

swored adreul asakSive meore enis 

swavlebis Sedegad ganviTarebuli 

unarebi warmoadgens myar safuZ- 

vels zrdasrulobis asakSi miRweu- 

li multilingvizmisa. TiTqmis 

SeuZlebelia monolingvali gaxdes 

sruli bilingvali/multilingvali 

zrdasrulobis asakSi, radgan Se- 

saZloa garkveul donemde enis Ses- 

wavla nebismier asakSi, Tumca ua- 

qcentod saubari an maRali akademi- 

uri miznebisTvis zrdasrulobaSi 

naswavli enis gamoyeneba TiTqmis 

SeuZlebelia. 


25 

zemoT aRniSnulis paralelurad, 

meore enis adreul asakSi swavlisT- 

vis unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli is 

umniSvnelovanesi garemoebani, ro- 

melic gansazRvravs warmatebas. am 

garemoebaTa arasruli CamonaTvalia: 

skola, ojaxi, samezoblo, samegobro 

wre, zogadad sazogadoeba, sadac 

bavSvis formireba mimdinareobs. Tu 

aRniSnuli faqtorebi dadebiTad 

moqmedebs da pozitiur gavlenas ax- 

dens bavSvze, umetes SemTxvevaSi Se- 

degi dadebiTia. Tumca, rogorc ukve 

statiis mTavar nawilSi aRvniSneT, 

individualuri Taviseburebebi, ro- 

goricaa inteleqtis done, TviTSefa- 

sebis da TviTrwmenis unari, motiva- 

cia, romelic TanSobili / Tandayo- 

lili unarebia, mosalodnel Sedegs 

araprognozirebads xdis, miuxedavad 

garemo faqtorebis dadebiTi ze- 

gavlenisa. an piriqiT, Tandayolili 

unarebis ganviTareba SesaZloa Se- 

ferxdes Sesabamisi ekonomikuri, 

socialuri Tu sxva faqtorebis ua- 

ryofiTi gavlenis gamo. 

da bolos daskvnis saxiT SesaZ- 

loa iTqvas, rom miuxedavad sakiTxis 

irgvliv arsebuli radikalurad 

gansxvavebuli mosazrebebisa, bi- 

lingvizmi/multilingvizmi aris 

gardauvali aucilebloba, romelic 

miiRweva mxolod mcire asakSi da- 

wyebuli swavlebiT.


gamoyenebuli literatura 

abelo-kontesi, 2008 - Abello-Contesse Ch.2008 - “Age and the critical period hypotheses”- Ab- 

ello-Contesse Ch, 2008,. ELT journal 

bista, 2011 - Bista K.K 2011 - “Age as an Affective factor in Second Language Acquisition” (Troy 

University) - http://astate.academia.edu/KrishnaBista/ Papers/129491/Age_as_an_Affective_ 

Factor _in _Second_Language_Acquisition 

vigodski 1928- vigodski l928 – “bavSvis kulturuliganviTarebisproblema”; 

http://vigotski.blogspot.com/; http://astate.academia.edu/ KrishnaBis- 

ta/Papers/129491/Age_as_an_Affective_Factor_in_Second _Language_Acquisition 

kardova 2010 - Cordova C, Alejandro W, Menjivar G, Lisseth Y, Garmendez M, Miguel E, 2010 - 

Advantages and disadvantages learning English as a foreign language to become bilingual. 

(Graduation work at University of El Salvador) 2010 

riCardsi, 2002 - Richards, J., & Schmidt, R. (2002). Longman dictionary of language teaching & 

applied Linguistics (3rd ed.). NY: Pearson Education. 

honstouni, 2002 - Hohnstone R. 2002 - “Addressing ''the age factors: some implications for lan- 

guages policy” , University of Stirling, Scotland. 2002. http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/ linguis- 

tic/source/JohnstoneEN.pdf 

26

Irine Shubitidze 

Center for Civil Integration and 

Inter-Ethnic Relations 


Age factors during the non native language acquisition 

The article dedicates to present the importance of the age factors in the process of acquisition in 

general, and particularly in the second language learning process. The paper presents as a 

considerable factor to study mother tongue properly as well as for the second language acquisition. 

In the article an attempt is made to study and analyze the age related researches on the basis of 

critical period hypothesis and other relevant variable. The article suggests several other significant 

circumstance that is inseparable from the age factor for second language learners. The key 

question of the subject is how age affects second language acquisition and do people of the same 

age group possess the same learning characteristics and abilities. It is generally believed that better 

outcomes during the second language acquisition is associated with the age of the learner, that 

means to select an optimal period for language acquisition. The article presents the evidence-based 

factors to support early-learners as well as criticism of the hypothesis. It is fundamental to cite 

how age factors work or function on second language acquisition, that affects on children either 

positively or negatively during the learning process 

27

elene jajaniZe 


samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi 

urTierTobebis centri 

bilingvuri programebi da submersiuli 

ganaTleba eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis 

saqarTveloSi 

abstraqti 

winamdebare statia warmoadgens saqarTveloSi mimdinare bilingvuri ganaTle- 

bis Sesaxeb Catarebuli kvlevis analizs. statiis pirvel nawilSi ganxiluli 

iqneba bilingvuri ganaTlebis saWiroeba da saxelmwifo politika saqarTve- 

los konteqstSi. statiis momdevno nawilSi mkiTxvels vTavazobT bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis programebis mimoxilvas, xolo statiis ZiriTadi nawili moicavs 

kvlevas saqarTveloSi mimdinare submersiuli ganaTlebisa da sxva bilingvuri 

programebis efeqturobis Sedarebis mizniT. kvleviT nawilSi warmodgenili 

iqneba kvlevis meTodologia da miRebuli Sedegebis analizi. kvlevis Sedegad 

gavdivarT daskvnaze, rom mimdinare submersiuli ganaTlebis programis efeq- 

turoba minimaluria, xolo sxva bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis ganxor- 

cielebis meTodebi gadaxedvas saWiroebs, maTi Sedegebis Semdgomi gaumjobese- 

bis mizniT. 

Sesavali 

bilingvuri / multilingvuri ga- 

naTlebis sakiTxma 21-e saukuneSi aq- 

tualobis piks miaRwia. man SeiZina 

udidesi mniSvneloba adamianisaTvis, 

romelic aris aqtiuri rogorc 

profesiuli TvalsazrisiT, aseve 

yoveldRiuri srulyofili interaq- 

ciis kuTxiTac. bilingvuri ganaTle- 

ba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania eT- 

nikuri umciresobebisTvis. es aris 

erT-erTi yvelaze optimaluri gamo- 

savali, xeli Seuwyos maT CarTvas 

sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da sax- 

28 

elmwifos srulfasovan moqalaqee- 

bad Camoyalibebas. 

Cveni kvlevis mizania mimdinare 

bilingvuri programebis efeqturo- 

bis Sedareba submersiul ganaTle- 

basTan, romlis ganxorcielebis 

tendenciac saqarTveloSi matulobs. 

statiaSi warmodgenili iqneba am 

sakiTxis Sesaxeb Catarebuli kvlevis 

Sedegebi da maTi analizi, agreTve 

gTavazobT rekomendaciebs kvlevis 

procesSi aRmoCenili problemebis 

gadaWris mizniT.

ilingvuri ganaTlebis roli 

saqarTveloSi 

saqarTvelo Tavisi geografiuli 

mdebareobisa da politikuri war- 

sulis gamo, eTnikuri, religiuri da 

enobrivi mravalferovnebiT xasiaT- 

deba. uaxlesi istoriis manZilze 

eTnikuri umciresobebis mimarT qar- 

Tuli saxelmwifos damokidebuleba 

gansxvavebuli iyo sxvadasxva poli- 

tikuri mmarTvelobis dros. sabWoTa 

periodSi samoqalaqo integracia 

did problemad ar iTvleboda, vi- 

naidan, iseve, rogorc qarTvelebi, 

erovnuli umciresobebic sabWoTa 

moqalaqeebi iyvnen da erTi saerTo 

saxelmwifos qveS erTiandebodnen. 

garda amisa, mniSvnelovani iyo enis 

faqtori, rusuli ena iTvleboda 

oficialur enad da Sesabamisad, es 

ena iyo qarTul da araqarTulenova- 

ni mosaxleobis SemakavSirebeli 

rgoli. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis 

Semdeg saqarTveloSi (zviad gamsax- 

urdias prezidentobis dros) eTni- 

kuri umciresobebis mimarT gaCnda 

stereotipuli damokidebuleba, ra- 

mac maTi saqarTvelodan gadineba 

gamoiwvia. aseT damokidebulebebs 

ZiriTadad politikuri xasiaTis 

konfliqtamde da erebs Soris mtro- 

bamde mivyavarT, rac arasasurve- 

lia qveynis mosaxleobis mSvidobiani 

cxovrebisa da ganviTarebis miznidan 

gamomdinare. swored am mizezis ga- 

mo, saqarTveloSi 2004 wlidan ukve 

mkveTrad Seicvala damokidebuleba 

erovnuli umciresobebis mimarT da 


29 

daigegma proeqtebi maTi integracii- 

saTvis. am miznis misaRwevad erT- 

erTi optimaluri gza maTi enobri- 

vi ganviTarebis kuTxiT integracia 

iyo da, Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos 

mTavrobam daiwyo adekvaturi eno- 

brivi politikis gatareba. aRniSnu- 

li enobrivi politikis farglebSi 

ganxorcielda da dainerga biling- 

vuri ganaTlebis programebi. aRsa- 

niSnavia, rom bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

xelSewyoba adgilobrivi da saerTa- 

Soriso arasamTavrobo organizacie- 

bis xangrZlivi muSaobis damsaxure- 

baa, ramac ganaTlebisa da mecniere- 

bis saministros aCvena eTnikuri um- 

ciresobebis, bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

gziT saxelmwifo enis swavlebis 

aucilebloba. dResdReobiT saqarT- 

veloSi ramdenime bilingvuri pro- 

grama xorcieldeba, Tumca ara- 

qarTulenovani skolebis umetesoba 

“sust“ bilingvur programas axor- 

cielebs (tabataZe, 2011). am programe- 

bis ganxorcielebis kvaldakval, sa- 

qarTveloSi izrdeba qarTulenovan 

skolebSi araqarTulenovani mos- 

wavleebis umravlesobis enaze swav- 

lis tendencia. es programa submer- 

siis saxeliTaa cnobili da igi 

„susti“ bilingvuri programebis 

rigSi erTiandeba. submersiasa da 

sxva „sust“ da „Zlier“ bilingvur 

programebs statiis Semdeg nawilSi 

ganvixilavT, aRvwerT maT miznebs 

ganxorcielebis procesSi.

ilingvuri ganaTlebis susti da 

Zlieri programebi 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis ara erTi 

saxe arsebobs. beikerma tipologiza- 

ciisas isini dayo “sust” da “Zlier” 

bilingvur programebad. es dayofa 

pirobiTi araa, “susti” bilingvuri 

programa gankuTvnilia ZiriTadad 

orenovan garemoSi mcxovrebi bavSve- 

bisaTvis. swavlebis mizani aris mo- 

nolingvizmi saxelmwifo enaze an 

SezRuduli bilingvizmi. mizani 

SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos sax- 

elmwifo interesebiT an TviT eTni- 

kuri umciresobis interesebidan ga- 

momdinare. “Zlieri” bilingvuri ga- 

naTlebis programebis daniSnulebaa 

bavSvis mSobliuri enisa da kultu- 

ris SenarCuneba da misi gamdidreba 

(Semmatebeli konteqsti) meore enis 

Seswavlis gziT. skutnab-kanjasma 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis tipebi sam 

ZiriTad nawilad dayo, romlebsac 

qvemoT warmogidgenT: 

„susti“ bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

programebi: 1. tranzituli biling- 

vuri ganaTleba-programis mizania 

SedarebiTi monolingvizmi, ar xdeba 

umciresobis enis sruli aRmofxvra, 

igi nel-nela ganidevneba saswavlo 

procesidan. 2. ZiriTadi/ucxo enis 

swavlebiT-programa gankuTvnili 

umravlesobis warmomadgenlebisaT- 

vis, swavleba skolaSi mimdinareobs 

umravlesobis enaze, xolo ucxo ena 

iswavleba rogorc sagani, Sesabamisi 

saaTobrivi datvirTviT. programis 

mizania SezRuduli bilingvizmi. 3. 


30 

separatistuli bilingvuri ganaTle- 

ba-aris umciresobebis mxridan radi- 

kaluri damokidebuleba umravleso- 

bis enis mimarT, sakuTari enis da 

kulturis Tavdacvis miz- 

niT(SubiTiZe, tabataZe, 2010). progra- 

mis mizania monolingvizmi da mono- 

kulturuloba. 

„Zlieri“ bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

formebi: 1. imersia - ganaTlebis am 

modelis mixedviT, swavleba pirveli 

ori wlis ganmavlobaSi meore enaze 

mimdinareobs da nel-nela emateba 

mSobliuri enis datvirTva. progra- 

mis mizania bilingvizmi da orenova- 

ni ganaTleba, agreTve enis SenarCu- 

neba. imersiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia 

gamamdidrebeli konteqsti (beikeri, 

2010). 2. umciresobaTa enis SenarCune- 

bis programa - ganxorcielebis dros 

umciresobisa da umravlesobis enebi 

monacvleobiT gamoiyeneba. umcireso- 

bis enis warmomadgeneli bavSvebi 

skolaSi swavloben umciresobis 

enaze, umravlesobis ena jer- 

jerobiT mxolod saswavlo sagania, 

programis saboloo mizani ki aris 

orive enaSi sruli bilingvizmi (ta- 

bataZe, 2010). 

3. dualuri bilingvuri ganaTle- 

ba-umciresobisa da umravlesobis 

warmomadgenelebi swavloben erT 

skolaSi, erTsa da imave pirobebSi, 

erTi da imave programiT. swavlebis 

enad gamoiyeneba orive ena. progra- 

mis mizani aris bilingvizmi da bi- 

kulturalizmi. 4. umravlesobis 

enaze bilingvuri programa- 

umravlesobis enaze bilingvuri ga-

naTleba warmoadgens umravlesobis 

ori an meti enis gamoyenebas swav- 

la/swavlebis procesSi. or enaze 

swavlebis SemTxvevaSi ena da sagnis 

Sinaarsi iswavleba integrirebulad, 

rac gulisxmobs enis Seswavlas 

garemo faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

monolingvuri ganaTlebis forme- 

bi: 1. segregaciuli- swavleba mimdi- 

nareobs mxolod umciresobis enaze. 

umaRles saswavleblebSi swavleba, 

rogorc wesi, mimdinareobs oficia- 

lur/umravlesobis enaze da arsebu- 

li programis farglebSi umcireso- 

bis enis warmomadgenlebs ar eZle- 

vaT Sansi Semdgomi swavlis gagrZe- 

lebisa da karieruli winsvlisa, es 

aris saxelmwifo politika, romelic 

miznad isaxavs erovnuli umcireso- 

bebis daqvemdebarebas kulturul- 

enobrivi izolirebis gziT (tabataZe, 

2010). 2. submersia sakompensacio gak- 

veTilebiT - aris submersiis saxeo- 

ba, romelic gulisxmobs umcireso- 

bis enis moswavleebisaTvis damate- 

biTi gakveTilebis Catarebas umrav- 

lesobis enis ufro kargad aTvisebis 

mizniT. programa gaTvlilia imisaT- 

vis, rom moswavleebi ar CamorCnen 

da saskolo programa kargad aiTvi- 

son (bagauri, 2010). 

submersia - aris bilingvuri ga- 

naTlebis yvelaze susti programa 

da igi exeba im bavSvebs, romlebic 

arian emigrantTa ojaxebidan da 

warmoadgenen qveyanaSi erovnul um- 

ciresobaTa jgufs. isini ganaTlebis 

sawyis etapzeve swavlas iwyeben 

saxelmwifo enaze, romelic maT an 


31 

saerTod ar esmiT, an nawilobriv 

aqvT ganviTarebuli kompetenciebi 

mocemul enaSi. swavlebis mizania, 

bavSvma rac SeiZleba swrafad Seis- 

wavlos umravlesobis ena. es mizani 

aris ara mxolod enobrivi kuTxiT 

gamowveuli, aramed ufro mniSvnelo- 

van rols TamaSobs saxelmwifo po- 

litika, enobrivi niSniT asimilacia 

ufro momgebiania saxelmwifosTvis, 

sadac sxvadasxva enobrivi jgufis 

warmomadgenlebi cxovroben. mas 

sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadge- 

nelTan ar dasWirdeba gansxvavebuli 

midgoma da politika, saskolo sub- 

mersiis gziT advilad da Tana- 

droulad moaxdens maT enobriv asi- 

milacias. qveynis yvela mcxovre- 

bisTvis erTi saerTo ena iqneba 

saerTo kulturisa da Rirebulebe- 

bis simbolo (bagauri, 2010). aseve 

aranakleb mniSvnelovania is saxelm- 

wifoebrivi mizani, romelic submer- 

siuli programebis ekonomikur gaT- 

vlebs ukavSirdeba da udavod dafi- 

nansebis ekonomiis saSualebas iZle- 

va (gorgaZe. 2011). submersia aseve 

xSiradaa gamowveuli aramdgradi 

politikuri mdgomareobiT. am pro- 

gramas xSirad mimarTaven im SemTxve- 

vaSi, rodesac erovnuli umciresobe- 

biT dasaxlebul regionebSi xSiria 

politikuri gamosvlebi da socia- 

luri areuloba. garda amisa, sub- 

mersiis ganmapirobebeli kidev erTi 

Zlieri faqtoria mSoblebis survi- 

li, maTma Svilebma rac SeiZleba 

male Seiswavlon umravlesobis ena. 

mSoblis interesi ganpirobebulia im

SegnebiT, rom saxelmwifo enaze 

xdeba nebismieri oficialuri sauba- 

ri, ganaTlebis miReba SesaZlebelia 

mxolod umravlesobis enaze, da 

bolos, es pirdapir ukavSirdeba ka- 

rierul winsvlas. koncefciuri xed- 

viT ki, submersiis arsi ukavSirdeba 

wyalSi CayvinTvas maSin, roca 

bavSvma ar icis curva... gamosavali 

aris mxolod ori: an unda iswavlos 

curva da gacuros, Sesabamisad, is- 

wavlos ena da integrirdes mosax- 

leobaSi am kuTxiT, an CaiZiros da 

daiRupos. 

submersiuli ganaTlebis progra- 

ma CvenTvisac sainteresoa imdenad, 

ramdenadac saqarTveloSi igi xor- 

cieldeba sxva danarCeni bilingvuri 

programebis paralelurad. igi 

saintersoa im kuTxiTac, rom dRe- 

sdReobiT saxelmwifo politika fo- 

kusirebulia sxva, eTnikuri umcire- 

sobebis identurobis SenarCunebaze 

orientirebuli bilingvuri progra- 

mebis ganxorcielebaze. submersiis 

programis farglebSi saqarTveloSi 

kvlevebi ar Catarebula da es sa- 

kiTxi kargad Seswavlili ar aris, 

Tumca is faqti, rom araqarTuleno- 

vani moswavleebi Sedian qarTuleno- 

van skolebSi da swavloben qarTul 

seqtorze - iwvevs interess maTi 

akademiuri moswrebis mimarT. unda 

aRiniSnos, rom am programis far- 

glebSi Sedegi yovelTvis warmate- 

buli araa. zogadad, submersiis 

programiT bavSvebis erTi nawili 

axerxebs, warmatebiT gaarTvas Tavi 

swavlas da meore enaSic iseTive 


32 

kompetenturi gaxdes, rogorc mSob- 

liurSi. Tumca, aseTi SemTxvevebi 

minimaluria ara mxolod saqarTve- 

los magaliTze, aramed msoflio 

gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

mkvlevarTa didi nawili (valdesi, 

2000, facio, 1995) calsaxad miuTi- 

Tebs am programis araefeqturobaze 

da miiCnevs, rom igi aris radikalu- 

ri saganmanaTleblo programa. sa- 

qarTveloSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT empiri- 

uli kvlevebi ar arsebobs da, vfi- 

qrobT, saintereso iqneboda proble- 

mis ufro Rrmad Seswavla. warmod- 

genili statiis farglebSi Catare- 

buli mciremasStabiani kvlevis mi- 

zanic swored am programasTan da- 

kavSirebuli problemebis kvleva da 

misi Sedarebaa im bilingvuri pro- 

gramebis miRwevebTan, romlebic sax- 

elmwifo politikis mxardaWeriT 

xorcieldeba. 

kvlevis meTodologia 

Cven mier Catarebuli kvlevis mi- 

zani iyo saqarTveloSi mimdinare 

bilingvuri programebis Sedegebis 

Seswavla da maTi Sedareba submer- 

siis programasTan. kvlevis far- 

glebSi ganxilul iqna arsebuli 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi, 

Seswavlil iqna sakadro resursis 

roli bilingvuri ganaTlebis pro- 

gramebis ganxorcielebis procesSi 

da moswavleebis motivacia qar- 

Tuli enis Sesaswavlad. bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis programebis efeqturo- 

bis Sesadareblad submersiis pro-

gramasTan, maTi ganxorcielebis 

procesSi arsebuli problemebisa da 

gamowvevebis Sesafaseblad Seswav- 

lil iqna Semdegi sakvlevi sakiTxe- 

bi: a) bilingvuri ganaTlebis rome- 

li tipis programebi xorcieldeba q. 

marneulis sajaro skolebSi. b) 

rogoria bilingvur programebSi 

CarTul moswavleTa akademiuri mo- 

swreba. g) arsebobs Tu ara survili 

da motivacia moswavleebs Soris 

qarTuli enis Seswavlisa. 

d)ramdenad maRalia mSoblebis sas- 

wavlo procesSi CarTulobis xaris- 

xi. e) xelisSemSleli faqtorebis 

gamovlena saxelmwifo enis Seswav- 

lis procesSi. 

kvlevis dizaini - kvlevis Casata- 

reblad SeirCa Tvisebrivi kvlevis 

meTodi, vinaidan kvlevis mizani iyo 

sakiTxis CaRmavebuli kvleva da 

problemis gadaWris gzebis Zieba: 

Catarda rogorc CaRrmavebuli in- 

terviuebi, agreTve damuSavda re- 

surscentris mier mowodebuli mona- 

cemebi skolebis Sesaxeb da moswav- 

leTa akademiuri moswrebis Jurna- 

lebi. CaRrmavebuli interviu Catar- 

da fokus jgufTan, romelsac war- 

moadgendnen maswavleblebi marneu- 

lis oTxi skolidan. fokus jgufis 

monawileebis SerCeva moxda winaswa- 

ri SerCevis principiT, marneulis 

resurscentris mier mowodebul mo- 

nacemebze dayrdnobiT. gamoikiTxa im 

klasebisa da sagnebis maswavleble- 

bi, romlebic CarTulni arian bi- 

lingvur programebSi da marneulis 


33 

raionis sof. Sulaveris qarTuleno- 

vani skolis maswavleblebi. kvlevis 

instruments warmoadgenda CaRrmave- 

buli interviusTvis winaswar Semu- 

Savebuli kiTxvari. resurscentris 

monacemebiT, sofel jandaris, Sau- 

mianisa da sofel qvemo saralis 

araqarTulenovan skolebSi xor- 

cieldeba saxelmwifo enis xelSe- 

wyobis programebi. aRniSnul sko- 

lebSi gamoikiTxa dawyebiTi safex- 

uris 1-5 klasis maswavleblebi. arCe- 

vani ganpirobebulia im realobiT, 

romelic dakavSirebulia biling- 

vuri swavlebis safexurTan (samizne 

skolebSi mxolod dawyebiT safex- 

urze xorcieldeba bilingvuri ga- 

naTleba). miRebuli Sedegebis Seda- 

rebis mizniT, gamovkiTxeT amave sas- 

wavlo safexuris maswavleblebi 

Sulaveris qarTulenovan skolaSi. 

kvlevis farglebSi sul gamokiTxul 

iqna 15 maswavlebeli. maTTan Catare- 

buli CaRrmavebuli interviuebis 

konkretul amocanas warmoadgenda 

bilingvur programebSi CarTuli 

skolebis miRwevebisa da sirTulee- 

bis Cveneba, swavlebis periodSi xe- 

lisSemSleli faqtorebis gamovlena. 

kvlevis Sedegebi- kvlevis Sede- 

gebis mixedviT ramdenime mniSvnelo- 

vani sakiTxi gamoikveTa: 1) araqar- 

Tulenovan moswavleTa enobrivi 

kompetenciebi qarTul enaSi daba- 

lia; 2) moswavleTa zogadi akademi- 

uri moswreba da miRwevebi im sag- 

nebSi, romlebic qarTul enaze is- 

wavleba dabalia; 3) moswavleTa mo- 

tivacia, iswavlon saxelmwifo ena

swavlis Semdgomi gagrZelebis miz- 

niT - minimaluria; 4) mSoblebisa da 

Temis saswavlo procesSi CarTu- 

lobis dabali xarisxi, arasakmarisi 

sakadro resursi, maswavlebelTa 

dabali kvalifikacia da saswavlo 

da meTodikuri masalebis uqonloba 

ZiriTadi xelisSemSleli faqtore- 

bia enis swavlebis procesSi. 

kvlevis Sedegebis analizi 

1) araqarTulenovan moswavleTa 

enobrivi kompetenciebi qarTul ena- 

Si dabalia - oTxi enobrivi unaris 

mixedviT (wera, kiTxva, metyveleba, 

mosmena) araqarTulenovani moswav- 

leebis Sefaseba TiToeuli skolis 

maswavleblebis mxridan gansxvave- 

bulia. zogadad aRiniSneba yvelaze 

meti sirTule werisa da kiTxvis 

komponentebSi, gansakuTrebiT dawye- 

biT klasebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom 

sirTuleebi erTi mxriv ganpirobe- 

bulia qarTuli enis SeswavlasTan 

dakavSirebuli problemebiT, xolo 

meore mxriv ki, winare codnisa 

(mSobliur enaze wignierebis) da 

transferuli unarebis arasakmarisi 

ganviTarebiT (gorgaZe, 2012). araqar- 

Tulenovan skolebSi mimdinare bi- 

lingvuri programebis farglebSi 

gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis infor- 

maciiT, moswavleebis enobrivi kom- 

petenciebi met-naklebad gansxvave- 

bulia, magaliTad, qvemo saralis 

azerbaijanulenovan skolaSi mos- 

wavleebis SedarebiT ukeTesi eno- 

brivi kompetenciebi aRiniSna, rac 

sapirispiro Sedegia Saumianis som- 


34 

xurenovani skolis moswavleebis 

enobrivi unarebisa. agreTve enobrivi 

unarebis saSualo doneze miuTiTe- 

ben jandaris skolis maswavlebleb- 

ic, sadac sxvadasxva bilingvuri 

programebi xorcieldeba. gansaku- 

TrebiT mZime mdgomareoba enobrivi 

unarebis ganviTarebis mxriv Sula- 

veris qarTulenovani skolis ara- 

qarTulenovan moswavleebs aqvT. isi- 

ni CarTulebi arian submersiuli ga- 

naTlebis programaSi, swavloben 

qarTul skolaSi, qarTulenovani 

moswavleebis gverdiT. moswavleTa 

dabali enobrivi kompetenciebi mas- 

wavleblebs iZulebuls xdiT, gaia- 

ron saswavlo masala SedarebiT ne- 

li tempiT, rac Tavis mxriv, maT 

gverdiT myofi qarTulenovani mos- 

wavleebisaTvis araxelsayreli da 

naklebad sainteresoa. faqtobrivad, 

verc qarTulenovani da verc ara- 

qarTulenovani bavSvebi programis 

farglebSi ver swavloben standar- 

tis mixedviT, radganac erTi mxari- 

saTvis is rTulia enis arcodnis ga- 

mo, xolo meore, qarTulenovani mxa- 

risTvis Semaferxebelia araqarTu- 

lenovani moswavleebis mxridan auT- 

viseblobis gamo. submersiis progra- 

mis nakli da sisuste swored aseTi 

sirTuleebis gamovlenaa, rasac Su- 

laveris skolis magaliTze isic am- 

Zafrebs, rom skolas ar hyavs aseTi 

programisaTvis kvalificiuri sas- 

wavlo kadrebi. 

enobrivi unarebis ganviTarebis 

sakiTxi Zalian mniSvnelovani da 

problematuria gamokiTxuli skole-

isaTvis. saWiroa problemebis ad- 

gilze Seswavla da moswavleebis 

individualuri saWiroebebis gaTva- 

liswinebiT enis swavlebis meTodis 

Secvla, imisTvis rom enobrivi kom- 

petenciebis qonam momavalSi safuZ- 

veli Cauyaros maRal akademiur miR- 

wevebs. 

2) moswavleTa zogadi akademi- 

uri moswreba da miRwevebi im sag- 


wavleba Zalian dabalia - kvlevis 

erT-erTi mizani iyo moswavleebis 

akademiuri warmatebis Sesaxeb in- 

formaciis miReba. 1-4 klasebSi aka- 

demiuri niSnebi JurnalSi ar iwere- 

ba, moswavleebis akademiuri warmate- 

bis Sesafaseblad vixelmZRvaneleT 

ZiriTadad maswavleblebisgan aRe- 

buli interviuebiT. 

gamokiTxul maswavlebelTa 

umravlesobam aRniSna, rom moswav- 

leebis zogadi akademiuri moswreba 

damakmayofilebelia, amasTanave maT 

miuTiTes, rom arian iseTi moswav- 

leebic, romlebic erTnairad cudad 

swavloben rogorc qarTul ise ara- 

qarTulenovan sagnebs. maTi dabali 

akademiuri Sedegebis mizezad mas- 

wavleblebma daasaxeles moswavlee- 

bis gacdenebis didi maCvenebeli. es 

faqti kidev erTi damatebiTi mize- 

zia, qarTuli enis arcodnis garda, 

rac moswavleebs xels uSlis aka- 

demiur winsvlaSi. gacdenebis Ziri- 

Tad mizezad dasaxelda moswavlee- 

bis sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobaSi 

aqtiurad CarTuloba. gamokiTxuli 

skolebidan moswavleTa SedarebiT 


35 

kargi akademiuri moswreba aRiniSna 

araqarTulenovan, bilingvur sko- 

lebSi, sadac maswavleblebma mi- 

uTiTes, rom moswavleTa zogadi 

akademiuri moswreba ufro maRalia, 

vidre akademiuri warmateba im sag- 


wavleba, Tumca enobrivi unarebis 

ganviTarebis kvaldakval, moswav- 

leebi qarTulenovani sagnebis aTvi- 

sebasac axerxeben. gansakuTrebiT da- 

bali akademiuri moswreba dafiqsir- 

da qarTulenovan submersiul sko- 

laSi, sadac moswavleebis umravle- 

sobam ar icis qarTulad wera- 

kiTxva, ver axerxeben qarTul enaze 

maswavleblis gadacemuli gakveTi- 

lidan Sinaarsis gamotanas. aRniS- 

nuli skolis 1-5 klasebSi, TiToeul 

saganSi (sportis gamoklebiT) mos- 

wavleTa miRwevebi Zalian dabalia. 

araqarTulenovani moswavleebis aka- 

demiuri CamorCenis mizezad gamokiT- 

xulma maswavleblebma daasaxeles 

maTi dabali enobrivi kompetenciebi, 

xolo qarTulenovan moswavleebTan 

is garemo, sadac maT nakleb yura- 

dRebas uTmoben klasSi arsebuli 

araqarTulenovani moswavleebis 

siWarbis gamo (91,6 % - araqarTule- 

novani, 8,4% - qarTulenovani). mas- 

wavleblebma miuTiTes, rom gakve- 

Tilebis gacdenebis maCveneli maT- 

Tan sakmaod dabalia. amis mizezi 

SesaZloa iyos mSoblebis mier sub- 

mersiis programis identificireba 

xarisxian ganaTlebasTan, romelic 

maTi SvilebisaTvis efeqturi iqneba. 

SesaZloa erovnuli umciresobebis

skolebi danaxul iqnes, rogorc 

araxarisxiani, xolo umravlesobisa 

- rogorc xarisxiani. am damokide- 

bulebis Sesabamisad, mSoblis inte- 

resi, bavSvma iaros skolaSi - didia, 

Tumca swavlis xarisxze gakveTi- 

lebze daswreba am SemTxvevaSi dade- 

biTad mainc ar aisaxeba da Sedegi 

isev savalaloa. 

3) moswavleTa motivacia, iswav- 

lon saxelmwifo ena swavlis Semd- 

gomi gagrZelebis mizniT minimalu- 

ria;-Catarebuli interviuebis Sede- 

gad gamovlinda tendencia, rom ara- 

qarTulenovani moswavleebis moti- 

vacia iswavlon saxelmwifo ena 

swavlis Semdgomi gagrZelebis miz- 

niT - Zalian dabalia. maswavleblebi 

miuTiTeben, rom TiToeuli moswavle 

motivirebulia, Seiswavlos qarTuli 

ena, Tumca maTi motivacia ver scde- 

ba yoveldRiuri saWiroebebis far- 

glebs. maT enis codna sWirdebaT 

qarTulenovan sazogadoebasTan ko- 

munikaciis dasamyareblad, gacvliTi 

tipis urTierTobebis Camoyalibebi- 

saTvis. isini ver aRiqvamen sakuTar 

Tavs, rogorc qarTuli sazogadoe- 

bis erT-erT nawils, ver acnobiere- 

ben sakuTar SesaZleblobebs da misi 

realizaciis gzas saqarTveloSi ver 

xedaven. swored aRniSnuli mizezebi 

ganapirobebs maT dismotivacias 

swavlis gagrZelebis mimarT. aRniS- 

nuli sakiTxi mniSvnelovania da sa- 

Wiroa gatardes RonisZiebebi mos- 

wavleTa swavlis mimarT motivaciisa 

da samoqalaqo TviTSegnebis amaRle- 

bis mizniT. 


36 

4) saswavlo procesisaTvis xe- 

lisSemSlelifaqtorebi- gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis umrav- 

lesoba upirveles xelisSemSlel 

faqtorad bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

programis ganxorcielebisas asax- 

elebs enobriv garemos. faqtobrivad, 

gamokiTxuli skolebis moswavleebis 

umetesobas ar aqvs qarTul enasTan 

araviTari kontaqti skolis, kerZod 

qarTulenovani gakveTilis farglebs 

gareT. isini qarTulad saubars ver 

axerxeben ojaxSi imis gamo, rom 

mSoblebma ar ician qarTuli, 

agreTve maTi samezoblo da samego- 

bro wreebic araqarTulenovania. 

gansakuTrebiT Sulaveris skolis 

moswavleebis enobriv da kognitur 

ganviTarebas aferxebs araqarTule- 

novani garemo, vinaidan isini swav- 

loben qarTul skolaSi, enis mimarT 

gaaCniaT ufro meti pasuxismgebloba 

da maTTvis qarTuli enis Seswavla 

aris erTaderTi Sansi daamTavron 

skola warmatebiT da swavla gaagr- 

Zelon umaRles saswavlebelSi. yve- 

laze metad mtkivneuli da xelis- 

SemSleli faqtori maswavleblebi- 

saTvis aris mSoblebisa da Temis 

indiferentuloba zogadad saswav- 

lo procesis mimarT. amis mizezad 

maswavleblebi asaxeleben upirveles 

yovlisa, qarTuli enis arcodnas, 

meore mxriv, maT dakavebulobas sa- 

soflo-sameurneo saqmianobiT, ris 

gamoc dro ar rCebaT, TavianTi Svi- 

lebis saskolo cxovrebaSi miiRon 

monawileoba, garda amisa, maTi damo- 

kidebulebac bavSvebis swavlis mi-

marT problematuria. mSoblebs ar 

aqvT moTxovna, maTma Svilebma icod- 

nen elementaruli qarTulis nac- 

vlad ena ufro Rrmad, iswavlon 

skolaSi yvela sagani kargad, vi- 

naidan ver xedaven ganaTlebis au- 

cileblobas, ar gaaCniaT informacia 

im SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb, rom- 

lebic bavSvebs eqnebaT kargi ganaT- 

lebis miRebis Semdeg. garda aRniS- 

nuli faqtorebisa, maswavleblebi- 

saTvis mniSvnelovania agreTve sas- 

wavlo da meToduri masalebis ukma- 

risoba. gamokiTxuli skolebidan 

ufro metad araqarTulenovan, bi- 

lingvur skolaSi iyeneben vizua- 

lur masalas da audioteqnikas sa- 

gakveTilo procesSi xSirad, vinai- 

dan maT amis saSualeba aqvT. Tumca, 

ganicdian video- da audiodiskebis 

naklebobas, rac maT xels uSlis, 

ufro mravalferovani da saintereso 

gaxadon bavSvisaTvis qarTulenovani 

gakveTili. skolebSi moipoveba kom- 

piuteri (iSviaTad - kompiuterebic) 

da CD-fleierebi, Tumca isini Zalian 

mcire raodenobiTaa da yvela kla- 

sisaTvis ar aris sakmarisi. garda 

audio-video teqnikisa, skolebi ga- 

nicdian vizualuri masalis ukmari- 

sobas. im faqtidan gamomdinare, 

rom swavlebis dabal safexurze 

moswavleebis aRqma konkretul- 

sagnobrivia, Zalian mniSvnelovania, 

maTTvis cnebebis axsnasTan erTad 

maTi aRmniSvnelis Cvenebac. 

gamokiTxulTa mier dasaxele- 

buli xelisSemSleli faqtorebis 

garda, agreTve mwvaved dgas rogorc 


37 

bilingvur, aseve qarTulenovan 

skolebSi sakadro resursis kvali- 

fikaciis sakiTxi. skolebi sakadro 

resursis deficits ganicdian. moq- 

medi maswavleblebi ar floben bi- 

lingvuri swavlebisaTvis saWiro me- 

Todebs, xolo axali kadrebiT maTi 

Canacvlebis perspeqtivac jerjero- 

biT ar Cans. ganaTlebis saministros 

mier ganxorcielebuli treningebi 

da proeqtebi maswavleblebis gadam- 

zadebasTan dakavSirebiT misasalme- 

belia, Tumca isini droSi aramdgra- 

dia da efeqturobac dabalia, vinai- 

dan ver floben bilingvuri swavle- 

bis meTodebs. saWiroa, sxva aRniS- 

nul problemebTan erTad, gadaix- 

edos bilingvuri skolebis sakadro 

resursis sakiTxi da daigegmos Sesa- 

bamisi RonisZiebebi. 

daskvna/kvlevis Sedegebi 

kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenili 

problemebi da sirTuleebi gasaTva- 

liswinebelia bilingvuri ganaTle- 

bis gaumjobesebis mizniT da Sesaba- 

misad, miRebuli Sedegebi SesaZloa 

mniSvnelovani instrumenti gaxdes 

momavali saganmanaTleblo RonisZie- 

bebis dagegmvisaTvis. mniSvnelova- 

nia, TiToeuli problema kidev ufro 

Rrmad iqnas Seswavlili da misi 

mogvarebis RonisZiebebic sworad 

daigegmos. gamovlenili problemebi- 

dan upirvelesia sakadros resursis 

deficiti da arsebuli maswavleble- 

bis kvalifikaciis dabali done. is 

maswavleblebi, romlebic bilingvur 

swavlebas axorcieleben, ganaTlebis

saministros proeqtebis farglebSi 

arian araqarTulenovan skolebSi 

mivlinebulni. maTi muSaobis efeq- 

turoba drois mixedviT, SesaZloa, 

aramdgradi aRmoCndes, vinaidan maTi 

skolaSi swavlebis motivacia ume- 

tesad, SesaZloa, ganpirobebuli 

iyos garegani motivatorebiT, maga- 

liTad, rogoricaa kargi anazRaure- 

ba („proeqti aswavle qarTuli, ro- 

gorc meore ena“ - 1000 lariani mas- 

wavlebeli), samomavlo sargeblis 

molodini („qarTuli ena momavali 

warmatebisTvis“ - samagistro gran- 

ti) da a.S. aRniSnuli faqtorebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, saWiroa, saskolo 

kadrebis mudmivi momzadeba da arse- 

buli kadrebis Canacvleba, motiva- 

ciisa da swavlis xarisxis gaumjo- 

besebis mizniT. 

Cveni azriT, ganaTlebis samini- 

tros mier ganxorcielebuli „saSe- 

RavaTo politikis“ programa Za- 

lian mniSvnelovania eTnikuri umci- 

resobebis skolebisaTvis samomavlo 

saskolo kadrebis momzadebis mxriv. 

am programas gaaCnia rogorc dade- 

biTi, aseve uaryofiTi mxareebic. ma- 

gram mTavari isaa, rom im studen- 

tebisagan, romlebic „saSeRavaTo 

politikis“ farglebSi swavloben 

miviRoT bilingvuri ganaTlebisaT- 

vis saWiro kvalificiuri kadrebi. 

swored maT unda Caanacvlon samo- 

mavlod axlandeli bilingvuri pro- 

gramebis maswavleblebi da isini un- 

da iqcnen momaval saskolo adamia- 

nuri resursad. aseTi Sedegebis mi- 

Reba SesaZlebelia, Tuki arsebuli 


38 

saganmanaTleblo politika kidev 

erTxel gaanalizdeba da ufro kar- 

gad daigegmeba, ufro meti yuradReba 

daeTmoba „saSeRavaTo politikis“ 

studentebis swavlis xarisxis gaum- 

jobesebas. 

kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, 

agreTve mniSvnelovani problemaa 

mSoblebisa da Temis CarTuloba 

erovnuli umciresobebiT dasaxle- 

bul regionebSi. jer kidev 2010 

wels Catarebulma kvlevam (tabataZe, 

2010) aCvena, rom am mimarTulebiT 

seriozuli problemebi aqvs araqar- 

Tulenovan skolebs. Cvens mier Cata- 

rebulma kvlevam kidev ufro naTeli 

gaxada mSoblebis motivaciis dabali 

done, rac udidesi xelisSemSleli 

faqtoria saxelmwifo enis Seswav- 

lisa da zogadad, swavlebis pro- 

cesSi. saWiroa, daigegmos da mom- 

zaddes iseTi programebi, romlebic 

mSoblebs miawodebs informacias 

maTTvis da maTi SvilebisaTvis qar- 

Tuli enis mniSvnelobaze da maTi 

rolis Sesaxeb saskolo cxovrebaSi. 

mSoblebis mxridan qarTuli enis 

arcodnis gaTvaliswinebiT, saWiroa 

ganaTlebis saministrom da arasam- 

Tavrobo organizaciebma mimdinare 

bilingvuri programebis paralelu- 

rad, izrunon mSoblebis ganaTle- 

baze, maTi motivaciis amaRlebaze, 

dainaxon saxelmwifo enis Ses- 

wavlis aucilebloba. 

Cvenma kvlevam aCvena, rom, miux- 

edavad saxelmwifo enis mxardamWeri 

programebis ganxorcielebisas aRmo- 

Cenili problemebisa, bilingvuri

programebis farglebSi, moswavlee- 

bis enobrivi kompetenciebi da akade- 

miuri miRwevebi qarTul enaSi Seda- 

rebiT maRalia, vidre submersiis 

programis moswavleebis miRwevebi. am 

faqts amwvavebs submersiis progra- 

mis ganxorcielebis procesSi aRmo- 

Cenili bevri xarvezi da problemac, 

romlebic myisier reaqcias moiTxovs 

ganaTlebis politikis Semqmnelebis- 

gan. sasurvelia, kidev erTxel gaa- 

nalizdes submersiis, rogorc „sus- 

ti“ bilingvuri programis ganxor- 

cielebis saWiroeba, vinaidan aseTi 

tipis skolebSi araqarTulenovani 

moswavleebi verc akademiur warma- 

tebebs aRweven da verc qarTul enas 

swavloben srulyofilad. amas ema- 

teba isic, rom maT gverdiT myofi 

qarTulenovani moswavleebic Camor- 

Cebian programul masalas, rasac 

mivyavarT ormxriv danakargamde - 

swavlis dasasruls ver miviRebT 

verc qarTulad mosaubre araqarT- 

velebs da verc swavlaSi warmate- 

bul qarTulenovan moswavleebs. 

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, kvleve- 

biT dadasturebulia, rom submer- 

siis programa msoflioSi waruma- 

teblad iTvleba: mis farglebSi ver 

miiRweva maRali donis kognituri 

ganviTareba da moswavleebis akade- 

miuri miRwevebic Zalian dabalia. 

Cven mier Catarebulma mciremasSta- 

bianma kvlevam asaxa is problemebi 

da miRwevebi, romlebic Tan axlavs 

rogorc saxelmwifo enis mxardamWe- 

ri bilingvuri programebis ganxor- 

cielebas, agreTve submersiis pro- 


39 

gramas. maTma Sedarebam ki aCvena bi- 

lingvuri programis Sedegebis upi- 

ratesoba submersiis programis Se- 

degebTan. 

warmodgenili Sedegebis gaTva- 

liswinebiT, mivediT im daskvnamde, 

rom sworad dagegmili da ganxor- 

cielebuli bilingvuri programe- 

biT SevZlebT erovnuli umcireso- 

bebis enobrivi codnis amaRlebas da 

aqtiur CarTvas saqarTvelos sax- 

elmwifo cxovrebaSi, xels Sevu- 

wyobT maT integracias qarTvel er- 

Tan da maTi adamianuri potencialis 

realizacias saqarTvelos fargleb- 

Si.


gamoyenebuli literatura: 

bagauri, 2010 – baguri i., submersia - bilingvuri ganaTlebis susti programa. 

Jurnali bilingvuri ganaTleba, # 1, 2010 [Online] Available: 

http://www.bilingualeducation.ge/articles/id/15 [Accessed 19 April 2012] 

beikeri, 2010 – beikeri k., bilingvuri ganaTlebisa da bilingvizmis safuZvlebi. 

meoTxe gamocema, Tb., 2010. 

gorgaZe, 2012 - gorgaZe n.,. doneebad dayofili wignebi da maTi mniSvneloba 

kiTxvis unarebis ganviTarebaSi. [online] Jurnali bilingvuri ganaTleba, 

# 9, 2012, gv. 13-26. Available: http://www.bilingualeducation.ge/articles/id/189 [Accessed 4 

July 2012] 

tabataZe, 2010 - tabataZe S., bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi; ra arCevani 

aqvT saqarTveloSi sajaro skolebs. Jurnali bilingvuri ganaTleba №1, 

2010 [Online] http://www.bilingualeducation.ge/articles/id/13 [Accessed 18 April 2012] 

tabataZe, SubiTiZe, 2010 – tabataZe S. & SubiTiZe.i. meore enis swavlisa da aT- 

visebis Teoriebi. Jurnali bilingvuri ganaTleba # 4, 2010 [Online] Available: 

http://www.bilingualeducation.ge/articles/id/63 [ Accessed 13 May 2012] 

SubiTiZe, 2011 - SubiTiZe. i., enobrivi politika saqarTveloSi da saxelmwifo 

enis swavlebis procesSi arsebuli sirTuleebi. Jurnali bilingvuri ga- 

naTleba 6, 2010 [online] Available: http://www.bilingualeducation.ge/articles/goto/2011-3 

[Accessed 15 May 2012] 

fazio, listeri, 1995 - Fazio. L & Lyster.R, Immersion and Submersion Classrooms: A Compari- 

son of Instructional Practises in Language Arts, 1995 

40

Elene Jajanidze 

Center for Civil Integration 

and Inter-Ethnic Relations 


Bilingual programs and Submersion education for ethnic 

minorities in Georgia 

ABSTRACT 

The article argues the necessity of learning the state language by the ethnic minorities and bilingual 

education as a important way for their integration in Georgia.The article also shows the comparison be- 

tween submersion program and the current bilingual programs. The purpose of the article is to describe 

problems and achievements in process of bilingual program implementation for an improvement quality 

of bilingual education. The objective of the research is to analyze the problems and challenges in the 

process of teaching state language. The subject of the research is to compare the results of Georgian 

language supporting programs with submersion program, student's academic achievements and lan- 

guage possession levels. 

41

nino popiaSvili 

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis 


Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti 

orenovneba da saxelmwifo ena: midgomebi da 

strategiebi 

abstraqti 

naSromSi ganxilulia meore enisa da saxelmwifo enis swavlebis 

strategiebi da Tanamedrove midgomebi. kerZod, meore enis swavlebis 

strategiebi: 

rodesac enis flobis done erTnairia ojaxis zrdasrul da mozard 

wevrebs Soris, mizanSewonilia asakobrivi jgufebis nacvlad, 

integrirebul, Sereul jgufebad dayofa, radgan aseT SemTxvevaSi enis 

Seswavla, rogorc sirTule, rogorc garkveuli problema, advilad 

dasaZlevi xdeba. meore enis swavleba Sereul/integrirebul jgufebSi ar 

gamoricxavs mSobliur enaze komunikacias. iTvleba, rom meore enis 

Seswavlisas integrirebul jgufSi (mSoblebisa da Svilebis jgufi) 

Cndeba saerTo terminologia, gramatikuli modelebi, meore enis aRqmis 

erTiani xati, sadac ojaxis wevrebi axseneben erTmaneTs sityvebs, 

gamoTqmebs, adareben da aanalizeben meore enis gramatikul, enobriv 

aspeqtebs, rac, mTlianobaSi, aadvilebs enis Seswavlas. 

meore ena SesaZloa iyos is ena, 

romelic mSobliuri enis aTvisebis 

Semdgom Seiswavla adamianma. 

„termini meore ena gamoiyeneba im 

enobrivi saxesxvaobebisTvis, 

romelTa aTvisebac bavSvobaSi ki ar 

xdeba, aramed _ mogvianebiT: amis 

gamo, yvela sxva ena, garda pirveli 

enisa (romelzec mozardi iwyebs 

azrovnebas), unda moviazroT meore, 

mesame da a. S. enebad maTi SeZenis 

42 

Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT“ (gabunia, 

ezugbaia, qiria 2010, gv. 29). 

unda aRiniSnos isic, rom meore 

ena dReisaTvis miiCneva im enad, 

romlis moxmarebac yoveldRiurad 

aris aucilebeli. mag. 

saxelmwifoSi, sacxovrebel 

garemoSi, maRaziaSi, an ojaxSic im 

SemTxvevaSi, Tu ojaxis wevrebis 

(mSobeli, naTesavi) mxolod im enaze 

laparakobs.

meore ena umravles SemTxvevaSi 

aris ena, romelzec erovnuli 

umciresobebi an migrantebi 

saubroben. dasavluri/evropuli 

gamocdilebis mixedviT, meore ena 

aris axalgazda/mozardi 

migrantebisaTvis saxelmwifo ena, 

radgan migrantebis umravlesoba 

sakuTar mSobliur enaze saubrobs 

da maTTvis maspinZeli qveynis 

saxelmwifo ena meore enad iqceva. 

zogierT qveyanaSi, mag. amerikis 

SeerTebul StatebSi, rogorc wesi, 

migranti bavSvebi saxelmwifo enas 

ufro euflebian, vidre mSobliur 

enas. aseve, cnobilia, rom 

daaxloebiT 360-370 milion kacze 

meti inglisur enas flobs rogorc 

meore enas. amis saWiroebas ki qmnis 

calkeuli qveynebis - indoeTis, 

pakistanis, nigeriis, keniis da sxva 

saxelmwifoebis mravalenovneba, 

sadac inglisuri zeregionaluri, 

urTierTgagebinebis saSualebas 

warmoadgens. am qveynebSi inglisuri 

ena aris meore oficialuri ena. 

orenovan regionebSi, magaliTad, 

rogoricaa samxreT tiroli 

(italiaSi) meore enis Seswavla 

aucilebelia saskolo kurikulumSi 

(italiur skolebSi _ germanuli, 

germanul skolebSi _ italiuri). 

germaniaSi, 2005 wlis 1 

ianvridan, kanonis mixedviT, 

migrantebma aucileblad unda 

gaiaron integraciis kursebi 

germanulSi, rogorc meore enaSi, 

radgan inegraciis kursebma sxva 

Sinaarsobriv da praqtikul 


43 

unarebTan erTad, unda aamaRlos 

msmenelis codna meore enaSi, am 

SemTxvevaSi, germanulSi (boni 1998, 

gv. 3). 

dasavluri / evropuli gamocdi- 

lebis mixedviT, meore enis 

swavlebis meTodebi ucxo enis 

swavlebis meTodebisagan konceptua- 

lurad gansxvavdeba. konceptis 

gansakuTrebuloba imaSi mdgoma- 

reobs, rom meore enis swavlebis 

dros didi mniSvneloba eniWeba 

mSobliuri enis faqtors. 

mSobliuri ena meore enis gasaRebs 

warmoadgens. cnobilia, rom mSobli- 

uri ena adamianisaTvis identobis 

erT-erTi nawilia, mxolod 

mSobliur enazea SesaZlebeli 

adamianisaTvis rTuli da 

azrobrivad datvirTuli Sinaarsis 

gageba da asakobrivi da ganvi- 

Tarebis Sesabamisi winadadebebisa 

da azrebis gamoxatva. 

mSobliuri ena aris adamianis 

kognituri ganviTarebis mamoZra- 

vebeli RerZi, manamde, vidre meore 

ena am rols SeiZens. Sesabamisad, 

mSobliuri enidan meore enaze 

gadasvla, meore enis Seswavla im 

SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac meore enis 

maswavlebeli ar aris msmenelis / 

moswavlis mSobliur enaze 

mosaubre, Tanamedrove 

teqnologiebis gamo-yenebiT, 

SesaZlebelia msmenels SesTavazon 

teqstebi orive enaze. sxvadasxva 

zomisa da Sinaarsis 

interkulturuli Sinaarsis mqone 

teqstebi, asakobrivi da enis codnis

monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT did 

daxmarebas uwevs meore enis 

maswavleblebs swavlebis procesSi. 

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom 

migrantebis / erovnuli umci- 

resobebis ufrosi TaobisaTvis 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs im 

faqtors, rom meore enam ar 

Caanacvlos mSobliuri ena. kerZod, 

rodesac saqme exebaT bavSvebs, maTi 

mSoblebis: migrantebis da / an 

erovnuli umciresobebis warmo- 

madgenlebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba 

aqvs imasac, rom maTma Svilebma, 

romlebic aseve Seiswavlian meore 

enas/saxelmwifo enas, mSobliuri 

enac saTanadod icodnen. imiT, rom 

meore enis swavleba mSobliuri enis 

aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT 

mimdinareobs, garkveuli winapiroba, 

rom mSobliuri ena recipianti- 

saTvis SenarCunebuli unda iyos, 

Sesrulebulad iTvleba. Sesaba- 

misad, meore enis swavleba ufro 

motivirebulad mimdinareobs. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom dReisaTvis 

orenovneba / mravalenovneba migran- 

tebis magaliTze ganixileba ara 

rogorc nakli an Seusabamoba, 

aramed rogorc TviTSecnoba / 

identoba. bavSvebi bevrs igeben 

enis/enebis meSveobiT, aqvT 

saSualeba enaTa Sedarebisa, rac 

SeiZleba bevrisaTvis Zalian 

saintereso aRmoCndes momavalSi. 

orenovneba xels uwyobs enaTa 

gacnobierebas, rac umTavres mizans 

warmoadgens meore enis swavlebis 

dros. Sesabamisad, Tanamedrove 


44 

meTodebSi sul ufro meti adgili 

eTmoba meore enis swavlebis dros 

mSobliuri enis aspeqtebis 

gamoyenebas, SedarebiT analizs, 

komparativistul diskursebs. 

meore ena, rogorc mSobliuri 

enis Semdgom an mis paralelurad 

mdgomi ena, Tavisi enobrivi da 

fsiqosocialuri aspeqtebis gaTva- 

liswinebiT, gansxvavdeba sxva enis, 

Tundac ucxo enis swavlebis 

faqtorebisagan. 

meore enisa da ucxo enis 

swavlebis meTodebi xSirad 

SesaZloa identuric iyos, Tumca 

arsebobs Zireuli gansxvavebebic am 

ori, sxvadasxva daniSnulebiTi, 

Tumca zogjer, erTi da imave enis 

swavlebaSi. kerZod, rogorc 

cnobilia, meore ena xSir 

SemTxvevaSi aris saxelmwifo ena. 

meore ena erovnuli umcireso- 

bebisaTvis, aseve migrantebisaTvis, 

xdeba saxelwifo ena, romelSic 

moqalaqes uwevs cxovreba da 

amitomac, enas, garda sakuTriv 

lingvistur-sakomunikacio aspeq- 

tebisa, sxva, damatebiTi daniS- 

nulebac aqvs, rogoricaa moqalaqis 

integracia, srulfasovani CarTu- 

loba qveynis samoqalaqo 

cxovrebaSi. amitomac, meore enis 

swavleba Zireulad gansxvavdeba 

ucxo enis swavlebisagan da 

meTodur aspeqtSic asaxavs im 

damatebiT komponents, integraciis 

aucileblobas, rome-lic meore 

enisaTvis aucilebelia.

meore enis swavlebis dros 

mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba asaks. 

kerZod, Tu rodis xdeba enis 

Seswavla: zrdasrulebSi Tu 

mozardebSi. am mxriv gansxvavdeba 

meore enis swavlebis strategiebic. 

zogierTi gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, 

gansazRvruli gansxvaveba pirvelsa 

da meore enas Soris asakSia, Tu 

rodis, ra asakSi iqna aTvisebuli 

ena. mag. erik lenebergi (lenbergi 

1966) termin meore enas iyenebs imis 

gansasazRvrad, Tu gacnobierebulad 

romeli ena iqna Seswavlili da 

gamoyenebuli zrdasrulis mier. 

umravles SemTxvevaSi rTulia meore 

enis statusiT enis flobis im 

donis miRweva, rac mSobliur enas 

aqvs. 

unda aRiniSnos is mniSvnelovani 

faqtoric, rom mSobliuri ena, 

rogorc garkveulwilad funda- 


45 

menturi, sabaziso ena Tavis 

arsebobas am statusiT agrZelebs 

didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, Tumca 

mozardebTan dakavSirebiT ukve 

SeimCneva mSobliur enasa da meore 

enas Soris akademiuri ganviTarebas, 

akademiur ganswavlas Soris 

Tavdapirvelad umniSvnelo, mogvia- 

nebiT ki _ uTuod mniSvnelovani 

gansxvavebebi. vinaidan mozardi 

akademiurad eufleba meore enas 

skolaSi, universitetSi, xolo 

mSobliur enaze komunikacia xdeba 

mxolod ojaxSi, naTesavebTan, 

viwro samegobro wreSi, mSobliuri 

enis codnis done garkveuli 

asakidan iklebs da mas enacvleba 

meore ena. 

Sesabamisad, SegviZlia meore enis 

swavlebisas, asakobrivi aspeqtis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, ori gansxvavebuli 

suraTi davinaxoT: 

meore enis swavleba zrdasrulebSi 

mSobliuri ena 

ucxo ena 

meore ena 

9-10 wlidan 20-30 wlidan 40-50 wlidan


meore enis swavla mozardebSi 

mSobliuri ena meore ena 

meore enis swavleba ramdenime strategiad SeiZleba daiyos: 

mSoblebisa da Svilebis jgufi 

rodesac enis flobis done 

erTnairia ojaxis zrdasrul da 

mozard wevrebs Soris, 

mizanSwonilia asakobrivi jgufebis 

nacvlad integrirebul, Sereul 

jgufebad dayofa. aRniSnuli 

strategiis Zlieri mxare is aris, 

rom ojaxis yvela wevri erTnairad 

eufleba enas, aqvT erTnairi 

davalebebi, erTidaigive teqstebi, 

rac qmnis saerTo motivacias. es ki 

mniSvnelovani komponentia enis 

swavla/swavlebis dros, radgan, 

aseT SemTxvevaSi enis Seswavla, 

rogorc sirTule, rogorc 

garkveuli problema, advilad 

dasaZlevi xdeba. aseT dros 

46 

mSolebi xSirad svamen kiTxvebs: 

SeiZleba ojaxSi mSobliur enaze 

saubari? meore enis swavleba 

Sereul/integrirebul jgufebSi ar 

gamoricxavs mSobliur enaze 

komunikacias. iTvleba, rom meore 

enis Seswavlisas integrirebul 

jgufSi (mSoblebisa da Svilebis 

jgufi) Cndeba saerTo 

terminologia, gramatikuli 

modelebi, meore enis aRqmis erTiani 

xati, sadac ojaxis wevrebi 

axseneben erTmaneTs sityvebs, 

gamoTqmebs, adareben da aanalizeben 

meore enis gramatikul, enobriv 

aspeqtebs, rac, mTlianobaSi, 

aadvilebs enis Seswavlas.

ac ufro adre, miT ufro kargad 

rogorc cnobilia, enis Seswavla 

adreul asakobriv jgufSi enis 

srulfasovani Seswavlis 

Taviseburi garantia. Sesabamisad, 

meore enis swavlebisas 

mniSvnelovani aspeqtia enis adreul 

asakSi swavleba. am mxriv ki, 

SesaZlebelia swavlebis tradiciuli 

sqema Seicvalos da miviRoT: 

mozardi aswavlis zrdasruls, 

sadac Svili _ ojaxis umcrosi 

wevri, romelic meore enas eufleba 

skolaSi, meore enis swavlebis 

Semdgom etapze, exmareba mSobels, 

romelic meore enas eufleba enis 

kursebze (sakvirao, araformaluri, 

enis skola). aseT SemTxvevaSi 

enobrivi sirTuleebi daZleulia 

mozardis gamocdilebis mixedviT, 

radgan mas ufro mdidari enobrivi 

kompetencia gaaCnia. 

asakobrivi definicia 

meore enis swavlebis dros 

SesaZloa ganixilebodes rogorc 

enis flobis doneebis mixedviT 

msmenelTa definicia da swavleba, 

ise asakobrivi definicia. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom enis 

swavlebis strategia mSoblebisa da 

Svilebis erTad swavlebis dros 

ganixilavs pozitiur 

maxasiaTeblebs, unda iTqvas, rom 

zogierT SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebiT 

ki, kulturuli mravalferovnebis 

pirobebSi, msmenelTa asakobrivi 

doneebis mixedviT dayofa ufro 

gamarTlebulia. zrdasrulebisa da 

mozardebis jgufebis dayofa 

zogierT kulturaSi aucilebelic 

aris, vinaidan zrdasrulebs 


47 

garkveuli negatiuri damokidebuleba 

uCndebaT mozardebTan 

erTad swavlis dros, gansakuTrebiT 

sensitiuri faqtori SeiZleba iyos 

Secdomebis daSveba, Secdomebis 

Sesworeba jgufis wevris 

(mozardis) mier, axsnili masalis 

gameorebis siZneleebi, Sexseneba 

jgufis wevris (mozardis) mier, an 

piriqiT, zrdasrulis mier, 

mSoblis/ufrosis poziciidan da 

sxva. 

situaciuri integracia 

wignSi: „msoflio xvdeba 

erTmaneTs sabavSvo baRSi“ 

(vainhaimi, 2005) aRniSnulia, rom 

situaciuri integracia erT-erTi 

yvelaze xelSemwyobi faqtoria 

meore enis swavlebis dros. 

Sesabamisad, sacxovrebeli garemo, 

xSiri da intensiuri komunikacia, 

samsaxuri, skola, sabavSvo baRi, 

maRazia... SesaZloa iqces mzardi 

integraciis, aseve, meore enis 

Seswavlis ZiriTad/mTavar 

motivaciad. 

ra meToduri midgomebi SeiZleba 

gamoviyenoT meore enis swavlebisas 

komunikaciuri meTodi, jgufuri 

da partnioruli muSaobis meTodebi, 

roluri TamaSebi, romelic 

aqtualuria yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, 

maT Soris monawileTa 

samSobloSi, regionalur/lokalur 

jgufSi da meore enaze mosaubre 

xalxSi. 

meTodebi, romelic TviTSesavlas 

uwyobs xels, magaliTad, 

werilebis wera, informaciis 

damoukideblad mopoveba da sxv.


gamoyenebuli literatura: 

boni, 1998 - Ocke-Schweden Bohn, Wahrnehmung fremdsprachlicher Laute: Wo is das Problem?, im 

Buch: Tuebinger Beitrege zur Linguistik, Serie A: Language Development, Tuebingen, Narr, 1998. 

beikeri, 2010 - kolin beikeri, bilingvuri ganaTlebisa da bilingvizmis 

safuZvlebi, meoTxe gamocema, Tb., 2010. 

gabunia, ezugbaia, qiria, 2010:- kaxa gabunia, lali ezugbaia, Wabuki qiria, 

enobrivi situacia Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi 2010. 

lenebergi, 1966 - Lenneberg E. H. , The national history of language, Cambridge 1966. 

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxebi, 2011 - saxelmwifo enis swavlebis 

sakiTxebi: problemebi da gamowvevebi, saerTaSoriso samecniero 

konferenciis masalebi, Tbilisi, baTumi 2011. 

ulrixi..., 2005 - Ulich, M., Oberhuemer, P., Soltendieck, M. (2.Aufl. 2005). Die Welt trifft sich 

im Kindergarten. Weinheim und Basel: Beltz Verlag. 

Nino popiashvili 

Ivane Javakhishvili 

Tbilisi State University 

Bilingualism and state language: Approaches and Strategies 

ABSTRACT 

The paper presents modern approaches during the second language and state language teaching 

process, in particular, second language learning strategies. When the level of the second 

language possession is the same within young and elder members of family, it is advisable to 

divide language learners as a mixed group instead of age group, because in this case language 

acquisition is easier. Second language teaching process in the mixed/integrated group doesn’t 

exclude communication on the native language, but it is considered that, during the second language 

acquisition in the integrated groups (groups included parents and children) there are 

common terminology, grammatical models, common perceptions of the second language, 

where all the members of the family are involved in the learning process and remind each other 

vocabulary and expressions. They make a comparison and analyze of the second language 

grammatical and linguistic aspects, that makes learning process pleasant in overall. 

48

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