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neki nekisa, Serigebisa... konfliqtebis marTvis safuZvlebi mozardebisaTvis meore gamocema Tbilisi 2007

neki nekisa,

Serigebisa...

konfliqtebis marTvis safuZvlebi

mozardebisaTvis

meore gamocema

Tbilisi

2007

This second edition of the “Conflict Management Basics for Youth” is published in frames of the one year

Program -Conflict Prevention through Environmental Awareness for Youth (COPE), implemented by CARE-

Georgia and Center for Change and Conflict Management PARTNERS-GEORGIA in three districts of Samtskhe

sub-region and Tsalka Town (Kvemo-Kartli region) since May’2006. The project funded by Austrian Development

Agency (ADA), CARE/Austria and BP and its partners in implementation of BTC and SCP projects aimed to

empower youth to contribute to the social and environmental development of their communities by increasing

peace building capacities and environmental awareness of young leaders.

neki nekisa, Serigebisa...

konfliqtebis marTvis safuZvlebi mozardebisaTvis

meore gamocema

Tbilisi, 2007

publikacia moamzades: sofiko SublaZem, lela giorgobianma,

milena miTagvariam, vaJa kvernaZem

Tina asaTianma

kompiuteruli dizaini da garekani: giorgi carciZe

Sida gverdebis mxatvruli gaformeba: lazare gvimraZe

daibeWda “qalTa poligrafiul servisSi”

tel.: (995 32) 942 699, wps@ginsc.net, www.ginsc.net

wignis garekanis dizainSi gamoyenebulia arqiteqturisa da samSeneblo menejmentis kompania „arsis”

kedlis moxatulobis fragmenti.

sarCevi

Sesavali.................................................................................................. 5

1. konfliqtis arsi.............................................................................. 7

ra aris konfliqti? .......................................................................................................... 9

ra iwvevs konfliqtis gamZafrebas? ......................................................................... 13

ra aris konfliqtebis mogvareba? ............................................................................ 18

rogor unda moviqceT, rom Cveni konfliqti

konstruqciulad gadawydes?..................................................................................... 26

konfliqtebis alternatiuli gadawyvetis ZiriTadi principebi ................. 28

subieqturi realobebi .................................................................................................. 30

konfliqtis wyaroebi da tipebi ................................................................................. 33

konfliqtebis marTvis strategiebi ........................................................................ 36

problemebis erToblivi gadawyvetis principebi .............................................. 41

konfliqtebis mogvareba da kultura ..................................................................... 43

erTi forToxlis ambavi ............................................................................................... 47

2. komunikacia konfliqtur situaciebSi ...................................49

efeqturi komunikaciis modeli ................................................................................ 51

rogor davexmaroT adamians misi problemebis mogvarebaSi .......................... 54

barierebi komunikaciaSi .............................................................................................. 62

`Tqven~ da `me~ - Setyobinebebi ................................................................................... 66

rogor gamovxatoT grZnobebi ise, rom adamianebs ar vawyeninoT ............... 71

asertiuloba ..................................................................................................................... 74

konstruqciuli ukukavSiris unar-Cvevebi ........................................................... 78

araverbaluri komunikacia.......................................................................................... 83

efeqturi mosmena ........................................................................................................... 88

xarT Tu ara aqtiuri msmeneli? ................................................................................. 93

mosmenis unaris gaumjobeseba ................................................................................... 96

3. yvela mxare imarjvebs!............................................................. 105

molaparakebebi da konfliqtebis mogvareba...................................................... 106

molaparakebebis mimdinareoba: ramdenime martivi wesi ................................. 108

gunduri molaparakebebi: strategia da taqtika ............................................... 112

rogor gavzardoT Cveni Sansebi molaparakebebis dros ............................... 119

mediacia: molaparakebebi mesame mxaris daxmarebiT ........................................ 123

4. TanatolTa mediacia ................................................................. 129

konfliqtebis mogvarebis swavleba skolebSi ................................................... 130

mediaciis programebi skolebSi .............................................................................. 133

TanatolTa mediacia: ideidan saqmemde!............................................................... 138

epilogis magivrad .......................................................................... 152

wiTelquda - 2 .................................................................................................................. 153

naxatebis avtori - manuSak kaloiani

axalcixis #3 sajaro skola

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelebo!

Sesavali

21-e saukunis dasawyisis axalgazrda Taobas sakmaod swrafi cvlilebebis garemocvaSi uwevs

cxovreba. Cveni samyaro mudmivad viTardeba: inergeba axali teqnologiebi, mcirdeba

distanciebi da kacobrioba sul ufro swrafi nabijebiT miiwevs win. cxovrebis aseTi ritmiT

gamowveuli stresi arTulebs adamianebs Soris keTilganwyobil urTierTobebs da sazogadoebaSi

problemebis matebasac uwyobs xels.

aseT garemoSi, moTminebasa da tolerantobasTan erTad, meti codna da unar-Cvevebia saWiro,

raTa efeqturad gavumklavdeT Cvens irgvliv arsebul problemebsa da konfliqtur situaciebs.

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, teqnikuri progresi adamianuri urTierTobebis teqnologiebis

ganviTarebasac moiTxovs. migvaCnia, rom pirvel rigSi, swored mozardebma unda SeZlon

erTmaneTTan iseTi efeqturi da nayofieri urTierTobis damyareba, romelic Riad, gulwrfelad

da konstruqciulad warimarTeba. samwuxarod, Tanamedrove sazogadoebam ukve iswavla

adamianebs Soris barierebis ageba da damangreveli iaraRis warmoeba. axla droa viswavloT am

barierebis gadalaxva partnioruli urTierTobebis ganviTarebiTa da SemoqmedebiTi midgomiT.

warmodgenili krebulis momzadebisas Cven, “partniorebi – saqarTvelos” TanamSromlebi,

miznad visaxavdiT axalgazrda Taobis warmomadgenelTaTvis konfliqtebis mogvarebasTan

dakavSirebuli saintereso sakiTxavi masalis miwodebas. konfliqtebis marTvis xelovnebaze

naTeli warmodgenis Seqmnis mizniT krebulSi warmodgenili Tematikac, Sesabamisad,

mravalferovania da zogjer gansxvavebul Tvalsazrissac asaxavs.

gvinda aseve aRvniSnoT, rom es aris krebulis meore, specialuri gamocema, romelic ibeWdeba

proeqtis “konfliqtis prevencia axalgazrdebSi garemosdacviTi cnobierebis amaRlebis

saSualebiT” farglebSi da dafinansebulia avstriis ganviTarebis saagentos (ADA), qea avstriisa

da kompania “bi pi”-sa da “baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadenisa” da “samxreT kavkasiuri

gazsadenis” proeqtebSi misi partniori kompaniebis mier. gamocemaSi Sesulia borjomis,

axalcixis, adigenisa da walkis sajaro skolebis moswavleTa mier konfliqtis Temaze

momzadebuli naxatebi da mokle moTxrobebi.

vimedovnebT, rom krebuli “neki nekisa, Serigebisa...” gamoadgeba ara mxolod mozardebs, aramed

yvelas, vinc konfliqtebis mogvarebis sakiTxiTaa dainteresebuli.

naxatis avtori - manuSak SuSaniani

axalcixis #3 sajaro skola

1o ra aris konfliqti?

o ra iwvevs konfliqtis gamZafrebas?

o ra aris konfliqtebis mogvareba?

o rogor unda moviqceT, rom Cveni konfliqti konstruqciulad gadawydes?

o konfliqtis alternatiuli gadawyvetis ZiriTadi principebi

o subieqturi realobebi

o konfliqtis wyaroebi da tipebi

o konfliqtebis marTvis strategiebi

o problemebis erToblivi gadawyvetis principebi

o konfliqtebis mogvareba da kultura

o erTi forToxlis ambavi

konfliqtis

arsi

naxatis avtori - ana saroiani

axalcixis #3 sajaro skola

a aris

konfliqti?

ganmartebiTi leqsikonis Tanaxmad, sityva “konfliqti” –

brZolas, Widils, urTierT dapirispirebas niSnavs. Cvens

garSemo uamravi konfliqtia. zogi konfliqtebis Seqmnas

cdilobs, sxvebi yvelafers akeTeben, raTa konfliqtebi

aicilon Tavidan.

ra moxdeba, Tu yvela konfliqti cxovrebidan erTianad,

ukvalod gaqreba? es albaT warmosadgenadac Znelia, radgan

dapirispireba, kamaTi, uTanxmoeba nebismieri jansaRi

sazogadoebis ganuyofeli nawilia. adamianebs gansxvavebuli

azrebi, miznebi da interesebi amoZravebT da es bunebrivicaa;

amavdroulad, adamianebs Soris arsebuli amgvari gansxvavebebi

konfliqtis warmoSobis potenciur SesaZleblobas qmnis. zog

situaciaSi, konfliqtis gaRvivebisTvis mcire naperwkalic ki

sakmarisia.

konfliqtSi, rogorc wesi, sul cota ori mxare monawileobs.

maT Tavisi mosazrebebi aqvT. isini sakuTari miznis miRwevas

cdiloben da am gzaze dabrkolebas erTmaneTSi xedaven. isini

erTmaneTs aRiqvamen, rogorc mowinaaRmdegeebs da zogjer,

rogorc mtrebsac ki.

konfliqti sxvadasxva doneze SeiZleba moxdes da sxvadasxva

sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli dapirispirebiT iyos gamowveuli. igi

konfliqti

Cndeba maSin,

rodesac

sxvadasxva

interesebi

upirispirdeba

erTmaneTs

10

konfliqti

warmoaCens

problemebs,

romlebic

moiTxovs

gadawyvetas

xdeba individebsa da jgufebs, organizaciebsa da qveynebs

Soris da SeiZleba nebismier sakiTxs exebodes, dawyebuli

mxareebs Soris arsebuli piradi urTierTobebiT da

damTavrebuli politikiTa Tu religiiT.

konfliqti Cndeba iq da maSin, sadac da rodesac Cndeba

dapirispirebuli mxareebis Widili. martiv analogias

mivmarToT: warmovidginoT manqana gzajvaredinze. manqanis

erTi mgzavri marcxniv moiTxovs wasvlas, xolo meores –

marjvniv urCevnia. Cndeba konfliqti. Tu adamians konfliqti

“ar uyvars”, man SesaZloa, ukan daixios da daTmobaze wavides.

xolo, Tu adamiani konfliqtur situaciebs ar erideba, igi

ufro agresiuli xdeba da Tavisi “simarTlis” mtkicebas iwyebs.

garegnulad es SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairad gamoiyurebodes,

magram amgvari konfliqturi scenebi Cvens sazogadoebaSi

ganuwyvetliv mimdinareobs.

ra xdeba aseT dros da ra SeiZleba gavakeToT imisaTvis, rom ar

davkargoT kontroli situaciaze da sakuTar Tavze? ra

SeiZleba mogvitanos im didma energiam, romelic

dapirispirebis fonze, umetes SemTxvevaSi, uaryofiTi emociis

saxiT gvevlineba?

am da sxva mraval sakiTxze dafiqrebam, SesaZloa, axleburad

dagvanaxos samyaro, romelic winaaRmdegobebiTa da

dapirispirebebiTaa savse. da Tanac, iqneb, konfliqts sxva

kuTxiTac SevxedoT - konfliqti masSi CarTuli adamianebis

gareSe ar arsebobs; adamianebisa, romlebic, miuxedavad

konfliqtis Tanmdevi garkveuli diskomfortisa,

gamocdilebas iReben da sakuTar warsulsa da awmyoze

dayrdnobiT, samomavlo daskvnebsac akeTeben.

modiT, davubrundeT gzajvaredinis magaliTs. SesaZloa, rom

pirovneba, romelsac marcxniv surda wasvla, ubralod mSieria;

mas surs marcxniv gaxveva, radgan iq, odnav moSorebiT, mas kargi

restorani eguleba. analogiurad, SesaZlebelia, rom meore

pirovnebasac marjvniv wasvlis sakuTari interesi hqondes,

magaliTad, miaCndes, rom marjvniv gaxvevis SemTxvevaSi isini

transportisgan Tavisufal quCaze gavlen da ufro swrafad

da komfortulad imoZraveben.

konfliqtis gaCenis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizezi isaa, rom

adamianebs sxvadasxva situaciebSi gansxvavebuli

moTxovnilebebi da interesebi aqvT. konfliqti gvaZlevs

saSualebas davinaxoT meore adamianis Tvalsazrisi,

movisminoT misi mosazreba da gavacnobieroT, Tu ratom

gaaCnia mas Cvengan gansxvavebuli survilebi Tu

moTxovnilebebi.

modiT, ganvixiloT kidev erTi magaliTi – patara Temos

ambavi:

Temos cekvaze siaruli surs, mamamisi ki darwmunebulia, rom

bavSvisTvis sporti, kerZod ki fexburTi – saukeTeso

arCevania.

Temo winaswar aRfrTovanebulia imis gafiqrebazec ki, rogor

ifrens haerSi qarTuli cekvis elementebis Sesrulebisas; mas

musikis TanxlebiT triali da bzriali izidavs. Temo

darwmunebulia, rom cekva misTvis saxaliso da saintereso

saqmianobaa. mas ar ainteresebs fexburTi; misi azriT,

fexburTi damRleli da mosabezrebeli TamaSia. safexburTo

moedanze xSiria Zaladoba da travmebi, Temo ki silaRes,

xelovnebasa da musikas afasebs.

Temos mama siamayiT ixsenebs fexburTis im SesaniSnav xanas,

rodesac Tbilisis dinamo matCs matCze igebda, ibrZoda da

imarjvebda, Tasebis Tasis mflobelic ki gaxda! mas axsovs,

rogor TamaSobda fexburTs ezoSi, Semdeg rogor Sevida erTerT

safexburTo klubSi da namdvili fexburTis TamaSi daiwyo.

gundurma sportma igi brZolas da gamarjvebas miaCvia, iq

miRebuli gakveTilebi ki mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi

gamoadga. mama darwmunebulia, rom misma Svilma msgavsi

gamocdilebis miRebis SesaZlebloba xelidan ar unda gauSvas.

rogorc xedavT, mamasa da Svils Soris konfliqtia. rogor

moviqceT?

konfliqtis mogvarebis saukeTeso SesaZleblobas adamianebs

Soris Ria urTierToba, azrebis urTierTgacvla iZleva.

adamianebma unda isaubron imaze, Tu ra surT da ratom surT.

rodesac erTi mxare gaigebs, Tu sad iRebs saTaves da riTia

ganpirobebuli meore adamianis pozicia (misi survili an

moTxovna), daZabulobis didi nawili gaqreba. Temos hgonia, rom

mamamisi mkacrad da ulmoblad eqceva, radgan fexburTze

siaruls aZalebs. mamas ki, Zalian uyvars Temo da misTvis igive

sikeTe surs, rac Tavad miiRo fexburTisgan. mas miaCnia, rom

cekvaze siaruli kacis saqme ar aris.

konfliqti

xSirad

sakuTari

interesebis

garkvevaSi

gvexmareba

12

konfliqti xSirad sakuTari interesebis gansazRvrasa da

CamoyalibebaSi gvexmareba. is, vinc konfliqts gaurbis,

faqtiurad, xelidan uSvebs am Sanss. maSasadame, miuxedavad

imisa, rom konfliqtur situaciaSi monawileoba sakmaod mZimed

da mtkivneulad aRiqmeba, arsebobs konfliqtebTan

dakavSirebuli dadebiTi momentebic. kerZod:

§ konfliqti warmoaCens problemebs, romlebic gadawyvetas

moiTxovs;

§ konfliqti iZleva cvlilebebisa da ganviTarebis

saSualebas;

§ konfliqti gvexmareba imis garkvevaSi, Tu vin varT Cven;

§ konfliqti warmoadgens ganmuxtvis saSualebas;

§ konfliqti SeiZleba iyos stimulis momcemi da azartuli;

Tqven xom ar daumatebdiT raimes am CamonaTvals?

gaxsovdeT, rom:

§ konfliqti arsebobs yvelgan da yvelanair garemoSi, is

cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia;

§ konfliqti waagavs dramatul piesas an moTxrobas, Tavisi

siuJeturi xaziT, Tanmxlebi movlenebiT, gmirebiTa da

zogjer intrigebiTac;

§ konfliqts mniSvnelobas Cven vaniWebT. konfliqts SeuZlia

sabolood gadaamteros, an kidev ufro daamegobros

adamianebi. is SeiZleba iyos damangrevelic (Tuki ar viciT

rogor movagvaroT igi) da konstruqciulic (Tuki kargad

vflobT konfliqtebis marTvis xelovnebas).

§ konfliqts gaaCnia Tavisi ganviTarebis etapebi, rac

mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs misi mogvarebisaTvis saWiro

Carevis tipsa da dros;

konfliqtebi savsea safrTxiTa da SesaZleblobebiT.

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom sityva “konfliqtis” aRmniSvneli

Cinuri ieroglifi ori nawilisgan Sedgeba, esenia “safrTxe” da

“SesaZlebloba”.

a iwvevs

konfliqtis

gamZafrebas?

miuxedavad TiToeuli konfliqtis unikalurobisa, yvela

maTgans aqvs raRac saerTo. magaliTad, saerToa ganviTarebis

is gza, romelsac gadis konfliqti aRmocenebidan ukidures

gamZafrebamde.

konfliqtis eskalaciis, anu gamZafrebis droc adgili aqvs

qcevebis garkveul Tanmimdevrobas:

† sawyisi qmedeba – garkveul fonze, konfliqtis

gaRvivebisaTvis naperwklad ubralo sityva, an Jesti

SeiZleba iqces. magaliTad, adamiani gviyveba aRSfoTebuli:

“xeli amiqnia”, an “bavSvio, ase Tqva”. TavisTavad, arc xelis

moZraobaSia raime problema da arc sityvaSi, magram im

konkretul SemTxvevaSi isini konfliqtis sawyis qmedebad

iqcnen.

† problemebis gamravleba – situaciis damatebiTi

problemebiT daxunZvla konfliqtis eskalaciis Semdegi

safexuria. amiT adamiani, TiTqos imis demonstrirebas

axdens, rom igi moCxubari sulac ar aris da ubralo mizeziT

ar Caebmeboda dapirispirebaSi. magaliTad, arCilma Cais Wiqa

gatexa. daRlili (es, SesaZloa foni iyos) deda gabrazebuli

eubneba: “...marto es Wiqa xom ar aris, sul damimtvrieT

14

sibrazis, an

gaRizianebis

gamoxatvisas,

pirvel rigSi

aRwereT is

konkretuli

qceva, romelmac

TqvenSi es

grZnoba

gamoiwvia

WurWeli, maTematikac ar giswavlia, guSin qarTulSic cudi

niSani miiRe da saerTod Seni upasuxismgebloba ukve

autanelia, sakuTari Tavis meti araferi gainteresebs . . .”

am magaliTSi naTlad Cans, Tu ramdeni problema “daxvavda”

(zogjer, sawyisi problema aRarc gvaxsovs) da igrZnoba, Tu

rogor agorda dapirispireba, gamwvavebis Semdeg doneze.

† mtruli aliansebis Seqmna – bunebrivia, rom Tu

konfliqti mwvavdeba, mxolod problemebis gamravlebiT ar

SemovifarglebiT da imis Cvenebac gvinda, rom marto ar varT

da Cvens Tvalsazriss sxva uamravi adamianic (sazogadoebis

saukeTeso nawili) iziarebs. Tu “Wiqis gatexvis” magaliTs

mivyvebiT, “. . . da amas marto me ar vambob, Senma

maswavlebelmac miTxra, mamaSenic am azrzea da SoTa

rusTavelsac xom uweria ...“.

† komunikaciis damaxinjeba an Sewyveta – sawyisi

probleba daviwyebulia. urTierTobaze aravin zrunavs.

adamianebi xmas maRla uweven da sakuTari simarTlis

mtkicebaze arian gadasuli. isini aRar usmenen erTmaneTs,

an usmenen (ukeTes SemTxvevaSi) imisaTvis, rom ufro Zlieri

kontrargumenti Camoayalibon, ufro “magrad daartyan

mowinaaRmdeges”. gansxvavebuli azri aravis ainteresebs –

konfliqtSi CarTul mxareebs igi mxolod aRizianebT.

† mkacri, ukiduresi poziciebis dakaveba – Tu aRaravin

usmens erTmaneTs, maSin raRa azri aqvs bevr laparaks.

erTaderTi rasac vaxerxebT, sakuTari poziciis mokle

formulirebaa da am poziciaze gamagreba, raTa “ver

mogerion”.

† dapirispirebuli mxarisaTvis zianis, tkivilis

miyenebis mcdeloba – Tqvens winaSe “mteria”, romelic

Tqvengan mxolod risxvasa da “zianis miyenebas” imsaxurebs.

eskalaciis am etapze, Znelia ifiqro raime sasikeTo

SesaZleblobis arsebobaze - aRarc problema gvaxsovs, aRarc

urTierToba – mzad varT “gavanadguroT” mowinaaRmdege.

konfliqtis eskalaciis sxva, aranakleb saintereso sqemebic

arsebobs. aseTia, magaliTad, e.w. “eskalaciis kibe”, romlis

yoveli momdevno safexuri konfliqtis Semdgom, ufro maRal

dones asaxavs. rac ufro maRla avdivarT am safexurebze,

konfliqtSi monawile meore mxarisadmi miyenebuli dartyma

ufro da ufro gamanadgurebeli xdeba. TiToeuli safexuri

garkveuli niSnebiT xasiaTdeba, romelTa saSualebiTac

SeiZleba gairkves konkretuli konfliqtis eskalaciis done.

konfliqtis eskalacia iwvevs garkveul cvlilebebs adamianis

qcevasa da gancdaSi. kerZod, am dros:

§ konfliqtSi CarTuli meore mxare oponentad, an mtrad

aRiqmeba;

§ wina planze wamoiweva oponentis mxolod usiamovno da

gamaRizianebeli Tvisebebi;

§ adamiani ar iRebs pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar Tavze da

cdilobs brali sxvas dasdos;

§ pirovneba Caketili xdeba da cdilobs, rom ar gasces

informacia, raTa mowinaaRmdegem es informacia Tavis

sasargeblod ar gamoiyenos;

§ adamiani ufro da ufro darwmunebuli xdeba sakuTari

azris sisworeSi da uWirs misi Secvla;

§ mxareebi ikaveben “me marTali var, is - ara!” pozicias da maT

Soris komunikacia irRveva;

§ dapirispirebuli mxaris nebismieri qmedeba aRiqmeba,

rogorc mtruli - maxinjdeba aRqma.

16

rogor SevwyvitoT konfliqtis eskalaciis

procesi?

konfliqtis deeskalaciis ZiriTadi principebi SemdegSi

mdgomareobs:

· aiReT pasuxismgebloba sakuTar Tavze, grZnobebsa da azrebze;

· SeecadeT, rom sxva adamianis qcevam ar gikarnaxoT sakuTari

qcevis formebi, radgan yvela adamians aqvs arCevanis ufleba

da is unda moiqces sakuTari eTikuri normebisa da

Sexedulebebis Tanaxmad, miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogor

moiqcevian sxvebi;

· SeecadeT, rom gaiTvaliswinoT sxva adamianis interesebi - nu

miejaWvebiT erTi fraziT gamoTqmul pozicias, mis ukan am

adamianis moTxovnilebebi da interesebi Zevs.

arsebobs kidev 7 principi, romelTa gaTvaliswineba xels Seuwyobs

konfliqtis deesakalacias:

† gamoxateT Tqveni grZnobebi sayveduris gareSe -

konfliqtis dros aRZruli emociebi, rogorc wesi, uaryofiTi

Seferilobisaa (ganrisxeba, siZulvili, wyena, guldawyveta da

sxv.). isini braldebebisa da sayvedurebisaken gvibiZgebs, rac

dapirispirebas mniSvnelovan simZafres hmatebs. umjobesia,

SeatyobinoT adamians Tqveni grZnoba, da is konkretuli faqti,

romlis gamoc es grZnoba gagiCndaT.

† nu ganavrcobT sakamaTo sakiTxs, isaubreT konkretul

problemaze – konfliqturi situaciisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia, rom mxareebi saubars ramodenime Temaze

erTdroulad iwyeben. Sedegad viRebT dapirispirebis

gamZafrebas da ara konkretuli problemis mogvarebas.

SeecadeT, gamijnoT erTmaneTisagan konkretuli problemebi

da saTiTaod imuSaoT maT gadawyvetaze.

† nu moiSveliebT sxva adamianebs, an avtoritetebs –

momxreebis Zieba da moxmoba konfliqtis gamwvavebis Semdeg

safexurze gadagviyvans, kidev ufro gaarTulebs situacias,

gaafarToebs dapirispirebis areals. umjobesia, rom sadao

sakiTxze im adamianebma imuSaon, vinc aris konfliqtSi uSualod

CarTuli.

† ar gamoiyenoT sityvebi “yovelTvis” da “arasdros” -

amgvari ganzogadeba, adamianis gaRizianebis garda arafers

mogvitans. igi Tavis marTlebas daiwyebs, an kontrSetevaze

gadava, rac realuri problemis gadawyvetidan kidev ufro

dagvaSorebs. isaubreT konkretul faqtze, an SemTxvevaze.

† nu miawebebT sxva adamians “iarliyebs” - isini (mag.,

“upasuxismgeblo”, “usindiso”, “arxeini”) ufro uaryofiTi,

SefasebiTi damokidebulebisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli.

adamians ki, ar uyvars, rodesac mas afaseben da Tanac

uaryofiTad. umjobesia, saTqmeli naTlad, konkretulad da

meore adamianisaTvis gasagebad gamoTqvaT.

† nu CaudgebiT konfliqtSi CarTul sxva mxares jibrSi

– aseTi damokidebuleba mniSvnelovnad SezRudavs Tqvens

SesaZleblobebs. gamoiyeneT konfliqtis gadawyvetis

sxvadasxva gzebi, isaubreT sxvadasxva SesaZlo variantebze.

† nu miiRebT gadawyvetilebas gabrazebul gulze – aseT

dros, Tqven uaryofiTi emociebiT xarT datvirTuli, rac

gonebas gibindavT da Tvalsawiers giviwroebT. umjobesia, rom

damSviddeT da problemaze muSaoba daiwyoT.

18

konfliqti

TavisTavad

araa problema.

problemaa

mougvarebeli

konfliqti

Semdegi ramodenime gverdis yuradRebiT wakiTxvis Sedegad,

Tqven:

· gaecnobiT ZiriTad cnebebsa da meTodebs, romlebsac

konfliqtze, mis aridebasa da mogvarebaze saubrisas

viyenebT;

· ganixilavT konfliqtebis mogvarebis sxvadasxva xerxebsa

da arsebul midgomebs;

· ukeT CawvdebiT im konfliqtebs, romlebic Tavad gqoniaT

cxovrebaSi.

konfliqtis gansazRvra

ra aris

konfliqtebis

mogvareba?

sityva “konfliqts”, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi sakmaod xSirad

viyenebT da Sesabamisad, masze Cveni sakuTari warmodgenac

gvaqvs.

modiT, sanam kiTxvas ganagrZobdeT, ramodenime wuTiT

SeCerdiT da dafiqrdiT. SeadgineT da CawereT konfliqtis

Tqveneuli ganmarteba:

_

__________________________________________________________________________

Tuki konfliqtis arsebul Teoriebs gadavxedavT, aRmoCndeba,

rom sityva “konfliqtis” bevrnairi ganmarteba arsebobs,

Tumca arc erTi maTgani araa universaluri:

§ konfliqti – SeuTanxmeblobaa...

§ konfliqti aris im gansxvavebebis gamovlena, romlebic

erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegod moqmedeben . . .

§ konfliqti - realurad arsebuli gansxvavebidan

gamomdinareobs, romelic marTvas saWiroebs; amasTanave,

konfliqti garduvalia, exeba sakiTxs da ara pirovnebas, da

bolos – igi energiis wyaroa.

§ konfliqti dapirispirebis Sedegia, da ara mizezi.

§ konfliqti TavisTavad, problema araa. problema -

mougvarebeli konfliqtia. konfliqti cocxali arsebebisa

da jgufebis zrdisa da ganviTarebis ganuyofeli nawilia.

igi warmoiqmneba, rodesac erTmaneTs ori, an meti adamianis

azri, interesi, an qceva ejaxeba.

§ konfliqts uwodeben adamianebis, an adamianTa jgufebis

swrafvas SeuTavsebadi miznebisken.

§ konfliqti iseTi situaciaa, rodesac mxareebis ideebi,

Sexedulebebi, interesebi, miznebi SeuTavsebadia, an

mxareebi amas ase aRiqvamen.

yvela SemTxvevaSi, konfliqti sul cota or pirovnebas an

jgufs (anu, mxares) Soris ganviTarebul dapirispirebul

urTierTobas gulisxmobs.

SeadareT Tqveni ganmarteba, am ganmartebebs. raSia maTi

msgavseba? riT gansxvavdebian isini erTmaneTisagan?

konfliqti Zaladoba araa

Cven ukve ganvmarteT konfliqti, magram albaT, arc Zaladobis

ganmarteba iqneba zedmeti, radgan xSirad am or cnebas

(movlenas) erTmaneTTan aigiveben.

_

konfliqti

sazogadoebrivi

cxovrebis

ganuyofeli

nawilia da

xSirad

sasikeTo

cvlilebebis

damaCqareblis

rolSi gamodis

20

vaqcioT

konfliqtebi

ukeTesi

urTierTobis

safuZvlad

Zaladoba - im qmedebebis, sityvebis, damokidebulebis,

struqturebis, an sistemebis erTobliobaa, romelic fizikur,

fsiqologiur, socialur, an ekologiur zians ayenebs

adamianebs.

konfliqti - cxovrebis ganuyofeli da xSirad Zalze

saintereso, SemoqmedebiTi nawilia. azrTa sxvadasxvaobis,

dapirispirebis mogvarebisaTvis Zaladobis gamoyeneba sulac

ar aris aucilebeli. ufro metic, Tu konfliqtze muSaoba da

misi mogvareba Zaladobis gareSe xdeba, mas ara mxolod winsvla,

aramed urTierTobis mniSvnelovani gaumjobeseba mohyveba.

konfliqti cvlilebisa da ganviTarebis safuZvelia, misi

sawindaria. cnobilia, rom romis imperiis dangrevis ZiriTadi

mizezi is iyo, rom man Secvlil pirobebTan (cvlilebebTan)

Segueba ver moaxerxa.

arsebobs uamravi literatura, gansakuTrebiT biznesis

sferodan, sadac konfliqtis swored pozitiur mxareebzea

yuradReba gamaxvilebuli; kerZod imaze, rom konfliqtis

Sedegad:

· adamianebi acnobiereben problemas

· adamianebs SeaqvT situaciaSi saTanado cvlilebebi

· xdeba miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba

· xdeba pirovnuli zrda da a.S.

migaCniaT Tu ara, rom aucilebeli cvlilebebi, swored

konfliqtis gziT miiRweva? iqneb gaixsenoT konkretuli

magaliTi?

_

sakuTari gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa, gagiWirdeT

daTanxmeba konfliqtis dadebiT mxareebTan dakavSirebiT,

Tumca amaze dafiqreba mainc Rirs. SeecadeT gaixsenoT iseTi

situacia, sadac konfliqtma dadebiTi roli Seasrula. raSi

mdgomareobda igi?

sainteresoa, rom zogjer, konfliqtebze momuSave adamians misi

ara mogvareba, aramed swored warmoCena uxdeba.

magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebs bevr iseT

konfliqtze uwevT saubari, romelic maTi Zalisxmevis gareSe

uyuradRebod, an “miCumaTebuli” darCeboda.

Tuki gavacnobierebT, rom konfliqti Cveni cxovrebis

Tanmdevia da adamianebis urTierTobis yvela doneze arsebobs,

imasac mivxvdebiT, rom Cven igi gvWirdeba, radgan xSirad, igi

sasikeTo cvlilebebis damaCqareblis rolSi gamodis.

maSasadame, Cveni mizani konfliqturi situaciebis aRmofxvra

ki araa (rac SeuZlebelia da sazianoc), aramed imis codna, Tu

rogor vmarToT isini. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, modiT erTad

SevecadoT da gavigoT, Tu rogor SeiZleba konfliqtis marTva,

raTa igi ukeTesi urTierTobis, ganviTarebisa da winsvlis

safuZvlad vaqcioT.

konfliqtis marTvis ramodenime

gansxvavebuli midgoma

konfliqtebis mogvarebis sferoSi, sakmaod bevri termini

gamoiyeneba im saqmianobebisa da procesebis aRsawerad,

romlebsac sabolood konfliqtis dasrulebamde mivyavarT.

konfliqtebis arideba, mogvareba, daregulireba, gadawyveta,

transformacia. rogor gavikvlioT gza terminebis am

labirinTSi? iqneb, ganvixiloT isini, rogorc erTi procesis

_

interesebis

Serigeba

xSirad ufro

advilia,

vidre

poziciebis

22

Tu konfliqti

mxolod erTi

mxaris

sasargeblodaa

mogvarebuli,

is aucileblad

iCens Tavs

momavalSi

erTmaneTze gadajaWvuli rgolebi? an, rogorc movlenebis

gaSuqeba sxvadasxva kuTxiT?

es terminebi Semdegnairad SeiZleba ganimartos:

konfliqtis Tavidan arideba - miznad Zaladobis Tavidan

aridebas isaxavs.

konfliqtis mogvareba - Zaladobrivi qmedebebis Sewyvetasa

da mSvodobiani SeTanxmebis miRwevas gulisxmobs.

konfliqtis daregulireba - gulisxmobs Zaladobis

SezRudvas da momavalSi mis Tavidan aridebas, mxareebis mxridan

qcevis pozitiuri Secvlis gziT.

konfliqtis gadawyveta - konfliqtis mizezebs exeba da

axali, mtkice urTierTobebis agebas isaxavs miznad mxareebs

Soris.

konfliqtis transformacia – misi mizania konfliqtis

negatiuri energiis pozitiuri socialuri da politikuri

cvlilebebiT Secvla.

TiToeuli maTganis gamoyeneba Zalze mniSvnelovania

konfliqturi situaciis marTvisaTvis da TiToeuli maTgani,

saboloo jamSi, mSvidobiani momavlis SenebaSi gvexmareba.

kosovos konfliqtis magaliTi:

1999 wels kosovoSi konfliqti mZvinvarebda, romelmac uamravi

msxverpli da adamianebis masobrivi gadaadgileba moitana

Sedegad. saWiro Seiqna muSaoba, rogorc mogvarebaze, aseve

gadawyvetaze. amave dros, arsebobda adamianebis jgufebi, vinc

ufro Sors ixedeboda da samomavlod amzadebda niadags. es

adamianebi konfliqtis transformaciaze muSaobdnen. swored

maT Seqmnes imis safuZveli da SesaZlebloba, rom omis

dasrulebisTanave, sazogadoebaSi urTierTobebisa da

socialuri institutebis Seneba dawyebuliyo.

poziciebi da interesebi

konfliqtebis mogvarebis erT-erTi klasikuri ideaa mxareTa

poziciebis (anu konkretuli moTxovnebis) da maTi realuri

interesebis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna da gansxvaveba.

interesebis Serigeba, xSirad ufro martivia, vidre

poziciebisa, radgan, rogorc wesi, TiTqmis yovelTvis arsebobs

am interesebis damakmayofilebeli ramodenime pozicia (da ara

mxolod is erTi, romelsac mxareebi konkretul situaciaSi

warmoadgenen).

magaliTad, ori mezobeli kaklis xis gamo daobs. TiToeuli

maTgani am xes iCemebs (ikavebs pozicias), ambobs, rom igi mis

teritoriazea. kompromisis varianti ar Cans, xes orad ver

gaWri. samagierod, Tuki am poziciebis ukan mdgom interesebs

CavuRrmavdebiT, SesaZloa aRmoCndes, rom erT mezobels am xis

nayofi (kakali) sWirdeba, xolo meores - misi totebiT Seqmnili

Crdili. amdenad, maTi poziciebi erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba,

xolo interesebi namdvilad Tavsebadia.

magaliTi uaxlesi istoriidan:

kemp devidSi (aSS) gamarTuli molaparakebebi menaxem beginsa

(israeli) da anvar sadaTs (egvipte) Soris sinais

naxevarkunZulis statuss exeboda. molaparakebebis dros

TiToeulma maTganma daikava pozicia, romlis mixedviTac mis

qveyanas surda naxevarkunZulis sruli kontroli. ufro Rrma

Ziebis Sedegad gairkva, rom israelis upirvelesi interesi iyo

usafrTxoeba (mas Semdeg rac mezoblebTan ramodenime omi

gadaitana). egviptelTa interesi iyo suvereniteti, radgan

egviptis mier axali miRweuli iyo damoukidebloba. aman misca

SesaZlebloba mxareebs gamoenaxaT gadawyveta, romelic

akmayofilebda TiToeulis interesebsa da moTxovnilebebs

sxvaTa interesebis xelyofis gareSe. sinai gadaeca egviptelebs

(maT miaRwies TavianT mizans - suverenitets), magram ganiaraRda

(israelma miaRwia Tavis mizans - usafrTxoebas). rogorc

xedavT, konfliqtis gadawyveta SesaZlebeli gaxda mxareTa

realuri interesebis Seswavlis Sedegad.

24

konfliqti

araa Sejibri,

romelSic

unda

gaimarjvo, is

problemaa,

romelic unda

gadawyvito

mogeba - mogeba

israelisa da egviptis magaliTSi kargad Cans, rom konfliqtSi

myofi mxareebi sakuTar interesebs ise aRiqvamen, rogorc

absoluturad urTierT sawinaaRmdegos. qveynebi da erebi

TavianTi liderebisgan erovnuli interesebis dacvas da sxvaTa

damarcxebas elian (Tu, ra Tqma unda, konfliqti ganviTarda).

aqedan SesaZlo gamosavalia an mogeba, an wageba (anu erTi igebs,

meore agebs). arsebobs kompromisis (nawilobrivi daTmobis)

variantic. xSirad, Zaladobrivi konfliqtebi orive mxaris

wagebiT mTavrdeba. Tu mxareebs arc daTmobaze wasvla surT

(kompromisi) da verc erTi meores morevas axerxeben (mogeba -

wageba), SesaZloa, isini gacilebiT ufro uares mdgomareobaSi

aRmoCndnen, vidre es sxva strategiis arCevis SemTxvevaSi

iqneboda. samwuxarod, mxareebi amas gvian xvdebian, magram

rogorc ki xvdebian, maSinaTve aqtiurad iwyeben muSaobas sxva

– urTierTmomgebiani Sedegis misaRwevad.

konfliqtebis mogvarebisas mniSvnelovania, rom Zalisxmeva

swored urTierTmomgebiani Sedegis misaRwevad daixarjos.

xSirad, konfliqtis mogeba-wageba principiT gadawyveta,

faqtiurad konfliqtis mougvareblobas niSnavs. arsebobs

mosazreba, rom Tu konfliqti mxolod erTi mxaris

sasargeblodaa mogvarebuli, is momavalSi aucileblad iCens

Tavs. konfliqtebis mogvarebis specialistebi naTlad

miuTiTeben, rom konfliqtis gadawyvetis

sicocxlisunarianobisaTvis iseTi gadawyvetis povnaa

aucilebeli, romelic orive mxaris interesebs

daakmayofilebda.

mogvarebis sxvadasxva xerxi

praqtikaSi, konfliqtis mosagvareblad yvelaze Sesatyvisi

meTodis arCeva rig faqtorebzea damokidebuli: konfliqtis

gamwvavebis doneze, masSi CarTul adamianebze, Zalauflebasa

da resursebze, samomavlo gegmebze, grZnobebis siZlieresa da

problemis sirTuleze. am TavSi SevexebiT konfliqtis

mogvarebis yvelaze popularul xerxebs.

molaparakebebi - es is procesia, romlis drosac konfliqtSi

CarTuli mxareebi, konfliqtis daregulirebas/mogvarebas

sakuTari ZalebiT cdiloben. es aris mxareebs Soris pirdapiri

komunikaciis procesis damyareba, urTierTmisaRebi

SeTanxmebis miRwevisaTvis. es procesi mesame mxaris

(fasilitatoris, mediatoris) Carevis gareSe mimdinareobs.

zogjer, molaparakeba Zalze formaluri procesia, magaliTad,

molaparakeba profkavSirebsa da menejmentis warmomadgenlebs,

an ori qveynis samTavrobo delegaciebs Soris. ufro xSirad ki,

araformalur, yoveldRiur procesTan gvaqvs saqme, rodesac

magaliTad, ojaxis wevrebi televizoris gadarTvaze, an puris

amotanaze kamaToben.

mediacia – konfliqtebis mogvarebis erT-erTi procesia,

romlis drosac dapirispirebuli mxareebi cdiloben

uTanxmoebis mogvarebas mesame neitraluri mxaris, mediatoris

daxmarebiT. mediatori aris miukerZoebeli profesionali,

romelsac gaaCnia mediaciis procesis gaZRolis Sesabamisi

kvalifikacia. is arasodes iRebs gadawyvetilebebs mxareebis

nacvlad, is mxolod exmareba mxareebs sakuTari interesebis

wardgenaSi, gaugebrobebis garkvevaSi, problemuri sakiTxebis

gansazRvrasa da saboloo SeTanxmebis miRwevaSi. mediacia ar

ganixilavs konfliqtSi CarTul mxareebs, rogorc “marTals”

da “mtyuans”, is orientirebulia mxareebs Soris

urTierTobebis SenarCunebasa da gaumjobesebazec ki.

arsebobs kidev erTi procesi, romelic mimdinareobs mesame

neitraluri mxaris CareviT, esaa problemebis erToblivi

mogvareba. am proceduras mxareebs sTavazoben maSin, rodesac

maT aqvT survili yvela sadao sakiTxi Tu problema

erTmaneTTan TanamSromlobiT moagvaron. am SemTxvevaSi

saqmeSi fasilitatori1 erTveba. fasilitatori aris

miukerZoebeli mesame mxare, romelic Sesabamisi meTodebis da

ileTebis gamoyenebiT uZRveba erToblivi muSaobis process da

exmareba mxareebs gaaanalizon garkveuli problemebi, an sadao

sakiTxebi, ganixilon isini sxvadasxva perspeqtividan da erTad

gamonaxon uerTierTmomgebiani gamosavali. fasilitatori ar

ereva Sinaarsobriv sakiTxebSi; samagierod igi aregulirebs

TviT procesis mimdinareobas, akontrolebs dros, zrunavs

dRis wesrigis dacvaze da imaze, rom yvela mxares procesSi

monawileobis (sakuTari mosazrebis gamoTqmis) Tanabari

SesaZlebloba mieces; yvelaferi es ki saboloo jamSi xels

uwyobs ufro swrafi da efeqturi gadawyvetilebis povnas.

1 fasilitatori (facilitator) – warmoiqmna inglisuri sityvidan

“facilitate“, rac niSnavs gaiolebas, gaadvilebas, daxmarebas, xelis

Sewyobas

26

gamijneT

erTmaneTisgan

pirovneba da

problema

rogor unda

moviqceT, rom

Cveni konfliqti

konstruqciulad

gadawydes?

1. hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs - iqneb arsebobs raRac, ris

Sesaxebac jer araferi iciT? yovelTvis gaiTvaliswineT,

rom bolomde verasdros gecodinebaT, Tu ra xdeba sxva

adamianis TavSi. TiToeul adamians Tavisi Sexeduleba aqvs

imaze, Tu ra aris mniSvnelovani da ratom. am gansxvavebul

SexedulebebSi wvdomis unari didad gansazRvravs

konfliqtebis mogvarebis unars. SeecadeT gaarkvioT, Tu ra

xdeba. dasviT Ria SekiTxvebi, romlebic konfliqtis

winapirobebis ukeT gagebaSi dagexmarebaT. is, Tu ras aniWeben

mniSvnelobas adamianebi yovel konkretul situaciaSi,

mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs maT moqmedebas. Tu adamians

Seecvala es warmodgenebi, misi ganwyoba da moqmedebac Seicvleba.

2. gamijneT erTmaneTisgan pirovneba da problema.

CamoayalibeT konfliqturi sakiTxebi, rogorc erToblivi

problema, romelic TanamSromlobis gziT unda mogvardes.

moerideT braldebebs da nu gamoTqvamT uaryofiT Sefasebebs

sxvebis mimarT. naTlad CamoayalibeT Tqveni survilebi da

erTad eZieT gadawyvetileba. azrebi da emociebi ise unda

gamoxatoT, rom sasurveli Sedegebis miRwevis procesi

gagiadvildeT. gaxsovdeT, rom adamianebis qmedebebis ukan,

SesaZloa, dadebiTi zraxvebi imalebodes. xSirad isini ver

axerxebdnen maT gamoxatvas.

3. isaubreT naTlad, konkretulad da gulaxdilad.

garkveviT CamoayalibeT, Tu ra naxeT, moismineT da ganicadeT

iseTi, ramac gavlena moaxdina Tqvens Sexedulebebze mocemul

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. uambeT meore adamians, Tu ra aris

TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani, ratom aris es mniSvnelovani, ras

grZnobT da risi imedi gaqvT. gamoxateT Tqveni emociebi da

survilebi konkretuli da garkveuli winadadebebiT. sTxoveT

meore mxares, giamboT Tavisi SiSebisa da survilebis Sesaxeb,

agrZnobineT, rom maT angariSs uwevT.

4. SeinarCuneT kontaqti Tqvens oponentTan. konfliqtis

dros oponentTan kontaqtis gawyvetas konfliqtis swrafi

eskalaciis gamowveva SeuZlia. maqsimalurad ecadeT SeinarCunoT

adamianTan kontaqti da imuSaveT Tqveni urTierTobebis

gamosasworeblad maSinac ki, Tu konfliqturi sakiTxebi

mougvareblad geCvenebaT. SeusruleT oponents romelime misi

survilebidan, sul umciresi mainc, da sTxoveT man sanacvlod

Tqveni, aseTive patara survili Seasrulos. miuxedavad

SezRudulobisa, aseT qmedebebs urTierTobis dadebiTi

mimarTulebiT Secvlis imedis ganmtkiceba SeuZlia.

5. ecadeT ipovoT is moTxovnilebebi da interesebi, rac

konkretuli poziciebis miRmaa damaluli. poziciebidan

gamomdinare vaWroba xSirad CixSi gvaqcevs. gamoiZieT, Tu ra

saWiroebebi da interesebi imaleba konkretuli moTxovnebis miRma

da Semdeg gaarkvieT, arsebobs Tu ara raime sxva, alternatiuli

da orivesTvis misaRebi gza, raTa es saWiroebebi da interesebi

dakmayofildes. dabraleba, dadanaSauleba da negatiuri Sefaseba

- emociebis gamoxatvis uunarobad CaTvaleT. aCveneT meore

mxares, rom gesmiT misi da ar wamoegoT mis provokacias, rodesac

igi Setevaze gadmova. kargad gaiazreT, Tu ra aris TqenTvis

mniSvnelovani da mudmivad gaiTvaliswineT es konfliqturi

situaciis ganmavlobaSi.

6. gauadvileT Tqvens oponents konstruqciuli qcevis

ganxorcieleba. SeecadeT ar gamoiwvioT Tqvens oponentSi

TavdacviTi reaqciebi misi dadanaSaulebiT, gakritikebiTa Tu

SefasebiT. Tu SegiZliaT, gamoxateT mis mimarT gulwrfeli

pativiscema. aCveneT mas, rom zrunavT misTvis mniSvnelovan

sakiTxebsa da saWiroebebze. momxdaris gamo pasuxismgeblobis wili

sakuTar Tavzec aiReT.

7. SeecadeT, konfliqts garedan SexedoT. gadaxedeT

konfliqts da mis istorias mTlianobaSi. moiniSneT, Tu ra tipis

qmedebebi ubiZgebdnen konfliqts eskalaciisaken, an piriqiT,

anelebdnen mas. SeafaseT, Tu rogor SeZlebT konfliqtis Semdgom

warmarTvas pozitiuri mimarTulebiT. ecadeT droulad mixedoT

problemebs, Torem SesaZloa, isini msxvil konfliqtebSi

gadaizardon.

ecadeT

ipovoT is

interesebi,

rac damalulia

konkretuli

poziciebis

miRma

28

urTieTmisaRebi

gadawyvetilebis

povna

SesaZlebelia

konfliqtebis

alternatiuli

gadawyvetis

urTierTmisaRebi gadawyvetilebis miReba SesaZlebelia

- yovelTvis arsebobs kompromisze ukeTesi alternativa.

kerZod, Tuki kompromisis SemTxvevaSi mxareebi erTi

mimarTulebiT raRacas igeben, maT amave dros, garkveul

daTmobebze wasvlac uxdebaT (isini sxva mimarTulebiT raRacas

ageben). gancda imisa, rom adamianma waago (Tundac raRacaSi),

gadawyvetilebis arastabilurobis safuZveli xdeba.

konfliqtebis alternatiuli gadawyvetis meTodebiT,

SesaZlebelia molaparakebis warmoeba da konfliqtis

gadawyveta ise, rom yvela mxare mogebuli darCes. amgvari

midgoma mxareebis winaSe axal, xSirad sruliad moulodnel

SesaZleblobebs xsnis. amitomac uwodeben am models “mogebamogeba”

models.

“dakmayofileba” ar gulisxmobs

mxolod materialur

mogebas. xSirad, konfliqtze

saubrisas, an miRebuli gadawyvetilebis

Sefasebisas laparakia

ekonomikur (materialur) mogebaze.

es SeiZleba iyos miwa, fuli,

Zalaufleba, gavlenis sferoebi.

ZiriTadi

principebi

gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom davis mogvarebis Sedegad

adamianma unda miiRos ara mxolod materialuri, aramed

fsiqologiuri da proceduruli dakmayofilebac, rac xSirad

misTvis gacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovania. pirovnebisaTvis

gadamwyveti SeiZleba iyos swored is, rom man pativiscema,

aRiareba igrZnos. an dainaxos, rom procesi samarTlianad da

racionalurad, “sworad” warimarTa.

mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor vmarTavT konfliqts. albaT,

SegiZliaT gaixsenoT iseTi konfliqtebi, romlebic

konstruqciulad warimarTa da sabolood mxareebis

daaxlovebiTac ki damTavrda. ram ganapiroba amgvari

pozitiuroba maSin, roca sxva uamravi konfliqti

nerviulobisa da imedgacruebis mizezad iqceva xolme?

konfliqtebis alternatiuli mogvarebis meTodebis erT-erTi

amosavali principi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mniSvnelovania ara

mxolod kamaTis Sinaarsi, aramed isic, Tu rogor warimarTeba

kamaTis procesi, rogor vawarmoebT molaparakebas.

30

yvela adamians

Tavisi

subieqturi,

unikaluri

emociuri

samyaro aqvs

saidan iciT ase zustad, Tu ra aris “realuri”? am SekiTxvas

arsebobis yvelanairi ufleba gaaCnia, radgan xSirad adamiani

Tavadve qmnis sakuTar realobas. anu, Cven gacilebiT meti

gavlena gvaqvs egreT wodebul “obieqtur realobaze”, vidre

es erTis SexedviT Cans. manam sanam adamiani ar gaacnobierebs,

Tu ramdenad Zlieria es gavlena, bunebrivia, mas bevri verafris

Secvla SeeZleba.

umetesad Cven veyrdnobiT im amosaval debulebebs, rom:

1.arsebobs mxolod erTaderTi realoba

2.Cven mas vicnobT da

3.sxva, vinc raRacas Cvengan gansxvavebulad “xedavs” - cdeba.

swored amis gamo, xdeba xolme, rom Cven momentalurad

uarvyofT im mosazrebebs, romlebic Cvens realobasTan

TanxmobaSi ar modis.

amave dros, Cvens interesebSia, rom naTeli warmodgena gvqondes

imis Taobaze, Tu ra aris Cvens irgvliv “realuri”. vinaidan

samyaros Cveneuli gageba Tu aRqma, faqtiurad Cveni warmatebis

(warumateblobis) safuZvels warmoadgens.

axla, sxvagvarad davsvaT SekiTxva:

subieqturi

realobebi

SesaZlebelia, rom realoba aRmqmelisagan damoukideblad

arsebobdes?

sityva “realobis” nebismier ganmartebaSi monawileobs

mosazreba, rom mas kavSiri aqvs Cvens aRqmasTan. amitomac azri

aqvs am ori sakiTxis - realoba da aRqma, erTmaneTTan kavSirSi

ganxilvas. aRqma, Tavis mxriv, SegrZnebis organoebs

ukavSirdeba.

magaliTad, ori adamianidan, romlebic erTmaneTis gverdiT

sxedan, erTs SeiZleba scxelodes da iniavebdes, xolo meore

amave dros sicxes saerTod ver grZnobdes.

Cveni samyaro Cveni sakuTari aRqmiT iqmneba. realoba Cveni

warmodgenebis nayofi aris. aRqmis Cveneuli manera

gansazRvravs Cvens realobas. ar arsebobs samyaros Secnobis

saSualeba, an mecnieruli meTodi, romliTac adamiani

“obieqturi”, “WeSmariti”, “sufTa” realobis aRmoCenas

SeZlebda, realobisa, romelic yvela adamianma unda gaiziaros.

sagnebi da adamianebi SeiZleba sul sxvadasxvagvarad

warmogvidges, Tu mzeris mimarTulebas SevicvliT. erTi da

igive saganic ki sxvadsxvanairad moCans imis mixedviT, Tu

romeli perspeqtividan aRviqvamT mas.

yvela adamians Tavisi subieqturi, unikaluri emociuri

samyaro aqvs. erTi da igive obieqturad arsebul movlenas

sxvadasxva adamiani Tavisi subieqturi realobidan

gamomdinare sxvadasxvanairad aRiqvams. xSirad Cven gvgonia,

rom konkretulma movlenam sxvaSic iseTive grZnobebi unda

gamoiwvios, rac CvenSi. magram, faqtiurad, emociebs iwvevs

ara esa Tu is movlena TavisTavad, aramed is azri, rasac Cven

masSi vdebT.

yvela adamians sakuTari Sinagani samyaro aqvs Tavisi wesebiT,

romelsac am konkretuli adamianis unikaluri gamocdileba

ganapirobebs. rodesac Cven vTxovT sxvas, Seicvalos Tavisi

subieqturi realoba, faqtiurad es niSnavs imas, rom vcdilobT

uari vaTqmevinoT mas sakuTar gamocdilebaze. nu moviTxovT

sxvebisagan maTi grZnobebis Cvensaze misadagebas. problemas

verasodes gadavwyvetT sxvisi subieqturi realobis Secvlis

gziT. problemis mogvareba maSin iwyeba, rodesac Cven mzad varT

gavugoT sxvas da vaRiaroT misi subieqturi samyaro.

amitomac, azri ara aqvs problemebis mogvarebis imgvar

mcdelobas, rodesac Cven vcdilobT gavarkvioT - Tu visi

realobaa ufro realuri. umjobesia SevecadoT gavigoT, Tu

erTi da igive

obieqturad

arsebul

sagansa Tu

movlenas

sxvadasxva

adamiani

Tavisi

subieqturi

realobidan

gamomdinare

sxvadasxvanairad

aRiqvams

32

problemis

mogvareba

iwyeba maSin,

rodesac Cven

mzad varT

gavugoT sxvas

da vaRiaroT

misi subieqturi

samyaro

rogor Seiqmna Cveni gansxvavebuli realobebi da rogor gvsurs

maTTan gamklaveba.

zogierTi problemis mogvarebisaTvis, SesaZloa, realobis

pirveli da meore rigis realobad dayofa dagvexmaros. pirveli

rigis realobas warmoadgens gazomvadi realoba, xolo

rodesac saubaria meore rigis realobaze aq saqme exeba

subieqtur reaqciebs pirveli rigis realobaze.

magaliTad, temperatura gazomvadia da igi pirveli rigis

realobas ganekuTvneba. xolo, es gazomvadi temperatura

“Tbili”, “civi”, Tu “cxelia” - meore rigis realobaa da amaze

didxans SeiZleba kamaTi.

Zalze xSirad xdeba am ori realobis erTmaneTSi areva. bevri

(gansakuTrebiT politikosebi) erTmaneTSi urevs sakuTar

Tvalsazriss, sakuTar subieqtur Sexedulebas da faqtebs, rac

konfliqturi situaciebis mizezi xdeba. amitomac Zalze

mniSvnelovania, davinaxoT gansxvaveba pirveli da meore rigis

realobas Soris.

konfliqtis

wyaroebi da

tipebi

imis mixedviT, Tu ra warmoadgens konfliqtis wyaros, arsebobs

gansxvavebuli tipis konfliqtebi. konkretuli konfliqtis

gadaWris gzebi da saSualebebi swored misi wyaroebisa da tipis

mixedviT ganisazRvreba.

informaciasTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi - xSirad,

konfliqtis mizezad iqceva xolme araswori, damaxinjebuli,

gansxvavebuli an arasakmarisi informacia.

aseTi konfliqtebi Zalian xSiria; darwmunebulebi varT, rom

Tqven gagaxsendebaT Sesabamisi magaliTi:

aseT dros problemis mogvareba SesaZlebelia informaciis

mopovebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze molaparakebis gziT.

mxareebi unda SeTanxmdnen imaze, Tu ra informacia sWirdebaT,

rogor moipovon sando informacia da rodis SeiZleba

CaiTvalos, rom mopovebuli informacia sakmarisia.

urTierTdamokidebulebasTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi

- am tipis konfliqtebi warmoiqmneba, rodesac

_

xSirad

konfliqtis

mizezia

araswori,

damaxinjebuli,

gansxvavebuli,

an arasakmarisi

informacia

34

mxareebs uCndebaT grZnoba imisa, rom maT ar afaseben, ar uweven

angariSs, ar aqceven yuradRebas. aseT konfliqtebs SesaZloa

axasiaTebdes Zlieri emociuri foni, rac gaTvaliswinebuli

unda iqnas maTi mogvarebisas.

Tqven Tu gqoniaT amgvari gamocdileba?

_

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

faseulobebTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi -

faseulobebi CvenTvis imis sazomia, Tu ra aris kargi-cudi,

samarTliani-usamarTlo, moraluri-amoraluri. amaze dava

rTulia da aseT dros, saubari TiTqos CixSi eqceva xolme.

SegiZliaT gaixsenoT msgavsi situacia?

Tu faseulobebTan dakavSirebiT ganviTarebuli konfliqtis

pirobebSi mxareebi kategoriul, absolutur formaSi

gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs, maT Soris molaparakeba

SeuZlebeli xdeba. amgvari konfliqtebis mogvarebis erT-erTi

gzaa, TiToeuli mxaris mier sxvisi azris, misi mniSvnelovnebis,

aRiareba. sasurvelia, mxareebma gaacnobieron, rom

faseulobaTa es konkretuli sfero, maTi urTierTobis

mxolod nawilia da arsebobs sxva (araerTi) maTTvis saerTo da

savsebiT misaRebi faseulobac.

gare struqturebTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi –

zogjer, konfliqts masSi CarTuli mxareebisagan

damoukidebeli gare Zala, struqtura iwvevs (magaliTad,

kanonebi, adamianis socialuri rolebi, droiTi SezRudvebi,

geografiuli da fizikuri faqtorebi).

gaixseneT magaliTebi, rodesac adamianebi problemur

situaciaSi maTi socialuri rolidan (maswavlebeli-moswavle,

_

mSobeli-Svili, direqtori-qveSevrdomi, policieli-mZRoli),

an raime sxva gare faqtoridan gamomdinare moqmedeben:

aseT SemTxvevebSi, xSirad, konfliqtis romelime mxare arsebul

problemas meore mxares miawers xolme. amitom, sasurvelia

Sedges sakiTxis Ria, gulwrfeli ganxilva, ris Sedegadac,

mxareebma, SesaZloa, gamonaxon Serigebis gzebi (Tundac

situaciis struqturas veraferi mouxerxon).

interesebTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi - amgvari

konfliqtebis wyaroa moTxovnilebebis realuri, an

moCvenebiTi SeuTavsebloba. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,

interesTa konfliqti aRmocendeba, rodesac orive mxares

erTi da igive, erTi SexedviT SeuTavsebeli interesi gaaCnia,

an maTi interesebi erTmaneTTan srul dapirispirebaSi

imyofeba.

SeecadeT gaixsenoT da moiyvanoT interesebTan dakavSirebuli

konfliqtis magaliTi:

Semdeg TavSi motanilia ramdenime, konfliqtebis Teoriasa da

praqtikaSi kargad cnobili magaliTi, romelic naTlad

dagvanaxebs, rom interesebTan dakavSirebul konfliqtebTan

muSaoba SesaZlebelia da aucilebelic.

_

36

problemuri

situaciis

mogvarebisas

udidesi

mniSvneloba

aqvs imas, Tu

ra strategias

airCeven

konfliqtSi

CarTuli

mxareebi

konfliqtebis

marTvis

strategiebi

konfliqtur situaciaSi, samoqmedo gzis, anu qcevis

strategiis arCeva konfliqtis marTvis umniSvnelovanesi

komponentia. imisaTvis, rom igi efeqturad ganxorcieldes,

mravali faqtoris gaTvaliswinebaa saWiro. gasaTvaliswinebelia

situaciis Taviseburebebi, CarTuli mxareebi, mizani,

konteqsti da a.S. es yovelive ki, saWiro unarebsa da codnas

moiTxovs.

is, Tu rogor umklavdebian adamianebi konfliqts,

garkveulwilad asaxavs maT pirovnul midgomas cxovrebisadmi,

qcevis normebs, warsul gamocdilebas, garemos zegavlenas da

janmrTelobis mdgomareobasac ki.

yoveli Cvengani, konfliqtur situaciaSi qcevis sxvadasxva

stils iyenebs. sagulisxmoa ara mxolod is, Tu vinaa

konfliqtSi CarTuli da ra mniSvnelobas aniWebs igi am

problemas, aramed adamianis emociuri mdgomarebac da is, Tu

ras moviazrebT sasurvel Sedegad. konfliqtis mogvareba

damokidebulia, erTis mxriv, pirovnebis survilze da mzaobaze

iTanamSromlos (anu daexmaros sxvebs miiRon is, rac maT surT)

da meores mxriv, mis asertiulobaze (mis swrafvaze moipovos

is, rac mas Tavad surs, oRond sxvisi survilebis

gaTvaliswinebiT).

aqedan gamomdinare, yvela adamiani konfliqtis mogvarebis,

sul cota, 5 stils iyenebs. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:

1. ganrideba. es is qcevaa, rodesac adamianebi konfliqtSi

CarTvas Tavs arideben. isini, Cveulebriv, mTlianad

ganeridebian konfliqtis arsebiT problemas da faqtiurad,

“gadian” TamaSidan. maT arc sakuTari survilebis dacva da

gatana surT da arc sxvisi daxmareba. isini, interess ar

gamoxataven da “es Cemi saqme araa” pozicias ikaveben.

2. Segueba. am strategiis ganxorcielebisas adamianebi sxvebs

eTanxmebian, raTa konfliqti airidon Tavidan. isini yvelafers

akeTeben imisaTvis, rom sxva pirovnebas misTvis sasurveli ram

miaRebinon, xSirad sakuTari Tavis sazaralodac ki.

uTanxmoebis Tavidan aridebis mizniT, isini yvelanair

moTxovnas asruleben. magaliTad, maT urCevniaT samuSao sxvis

magivrad Seasrulon, imis nacvlad, rom am samuSaos Sesruleba

Sesabamisi movaleobis mqone pirisagan moiTxovon.

3. konkurencia. es Sejibris strategiaa. adamianebi

upirispirdebian erTmaneTs da daoben imaze, Tu “vin aris

marTali”. am adamianebs, pirvel rigSi ainteresebT, rom

konfliqti maT sasargeblod gadawydes. sxvisi interesebis

dakmayofileba maTTvis “dRis wesrigSi ar dgas”. isini sakuTar

poziciebs Zalian mtkiced icaven da uWirT situaciis sxva

TvaliT danaxva. magaliTad, isini SeiZleba daJinebiT

moiTxovdnen, rom jgufis yvela danarCenma wevrma Tavisi

movaleobis Sesruleba miatovos da miexmaros maTi saqmis

droulad dasrulebaSi. is, vinc amgvar (Sejibris) strategias

axorcielebs, xSirad, sjabnis (manipulirebas ukeTebs) Seguebis

strategiis mimdevars.

4. kompromisi. rodesac adamiani konfliqtis mosagvareblad

kompromisze midis, mas erTis mxriv, raRacis “gaRebis” mzaoba

aqvs, da meores mxriv – “miRebisa”. es ormxrivi daTmobaa da

gulisxmobs miznis nawilobriv miRwevas da aseve,

urTierTobebis sanaxevrod ganviTarebas. Tumca, ar aris

gamoricxuli, rom es gza yvelaze kargi iyos mxareebisaTvis,

konkretul situaciaSi. magaliTad, organizaciis romelime

proeqtis emblemis Seqmnisas TanamSromlebi Tanxmdebian mis

Sinaarsze, magram ver Tanxmdebian emblemis ferze. aseT

SemTxvevaSi maT SeuZliaT daTmon feris TavianTi pirveli

arCevani da ariCion iseTi, romelsac yvela ase Tu ise

daeTanxmeba (arc wiTeli da arc mwvane - modi iyos lurji!). amis

Semdeg, SesaZlebeli xdeba muSaobis mSvidad gagrZeleba.

TiToeuli

strategia

SeiZleba iyos

efeqturic da

araefeqturic

imis mixedviT,

Tu rogor

situaciaSi

mivmarTavT

mas

38

qcevis

TanamSromlobiTi

stili

mimarTulia

konfliqtSi

CarTuli

mxareebis

interesebis

dakmayofilebaze

5. TanamSromloba. arsebobs situaciebi, rodesac saerTo da

urTierTmomgebian SeTanxmebamde misvla aucilebelia.

adamianebma unda iTanamSromlon. maT unda dainaxon, rom yvelas

interesi sruladaa dakmayofilebuli. magaliTad, aseTia

situacia, rodesac jgufis wevrebi sakuTar Tavs ganixilaven,

rogorc gunds. isini SemoqmedebiTad muSaoben da problemis

mogvarebaze arian mimarTuli. TanamSromlobis

strategiisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia, rom miRweuli Sedegebi,

zogjer, sagrZnoblad aRemateba mosalodnels.

aq moyvanili xuTi strategiidan TiToeuli SeiZleba iyos

efeqturic da araefeqturic imis mixedviT, Tu rogor

situaciaSi mivmarTavT mas. rodis mivmarTavT qcevis ama

Tu im stils, strategias? ra ganapirobebs ama Tu im

strategiis arCevas? modiT, erTad vupasuxoT am kiTxvas.

Cven SegijamebT strategiebis arss, xolo Tqven ecadeT

TiToeul strategias moufiqroT iseTi situaciis magaliTi,

romelSic es strategia yvelaze ufro efeqturi iqneboda.

konfliqts Tavs varidebT, rodesac migvaCnia, rom is Cven ar

gvexeba, masSi Cabma wvalebad ar Rirs, an ubralod ar gvinda

masSi “cxviris Cayofa”. magaliTad:

_

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

konkurencia-konfrontaciaze mivdivarT, vejibrebiT,

rodesac darwmunebuli varT sakuTar ideebSi, maT sisworeSi.

magaliTad:

_

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

veguebiT, rodesac sxvisTvis Tavis mowoneba gvinda, an ar gvinda

simSvidis darRveva, an ubralod miviCnevT, rom sakmarisi

uflebebi ar gvaqvs. magaliTad:

_

kompromisze mivdivarT, rodesac gveCqareba, an`da advilad

gvinda SeTanxmebis miRweva. magaliTad:

TanamSromlobas viyenebT, rodesac metoqes pativs vcemT,

seriozul sakiTxze vmuSaobT da mtkice gadawyvetileba

gvWirdeba; miRweuli Sedegis mimarT, yvelas gvinda gvqondes

“sakuTrebis gancda”. magaliTad:

konkurencia da TanamSromloba

problemuri situaciebis mogvarebisas udidesi mniSvneloba

aqvs imas, Tu ra strategias, qcevis ra stils airCeven

konfliqtSi CarTuli mxareebi.

qcevis konkurentuli stili, kerZo miznebis miRwevazea

mimarTuli. metoqeebi sakuTari upiratesobisaken miiswrafian.

adamianebs erTmaneTis mimarT stereotipebi uyalibdebaT, rac

urTierTobebs arTulebs da konfliqtis erT-erT wyarodac

SeiZleba iqces. konkurenciis SemTxvevaSi “mogeba - wageba”

principi moqmedebs da Sedegad erTi mxare, meoris damarcxebis

xarjze imarjvebs.

konkurenciis dros aqtualuria:

§ davamtkico, rom me marTali var, sxva ki - mtyuani;

§ gamoviyeno momenti zemoqmedebis mosaxdenad;

§ vajobo maRali xmiT saubarSi;

§ movaxdino fizikuri zemoqmedeba;

§ movTxovo, dammorCildes;

§ movatyuo;

§ movixmo momxreebi da Sevqmna aliansebi;

§ movTxovo oponents daTanxmeba.

qcevis TanamSromlobiTi stili mimarTulia konfliqtSi

CarTuli mxareebis interesebis dakmayofilebaze. am dros,

_

40

yalibdeba dadebiTi urTierTdamokidebuleba. moqmedebs

“mogeba-mogeba” principi, rac yvela mxarisaTvis xelsayreli

gadawyvetilebis miRwevas niSnavs. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac

mxareebs mogebis Sansi aqvT, isini urTierTSeTanxmebiT metad

arian dainteresebulni.

TanamSromlobisas aqtualuria:

§ ganisazRvros konfliqtSi CarTuli mxareebis

§

moTxovnilebebi da interesebi;

vizrunoT imaze, rom es moTxovnilebebi dakmayofildes;

§ adeqvaturad

Sexedulebebi;

SevafasoT sxvisi Rirebulebebi da

§ SemoqmedebiTad mivudgeT gadawyvetilebis miRebis process;

§ gavmijnoT erTmaneTisagan adamiani da problema (problema

ar davindoT, davindoT adamiani).

problemaze erToblivi muSaobis procesi Tanmimdvruli

qmedebebis ganxorcielebas gulisxmobs. am qmedebebis

etapobrivi Sesruleba warmatebis sawindaria. arsebobs

problemaze erToblivi muSaobis ori mniSvnelovani faza -

mosamzadebeli da sakuTriv problemis gadawyvetisa.

mosamzadebeli faza:

problemebis

unda darwmundeT, rom Setakeba dasrulebulia. mxareebi imaze

unda SeTanxmdnen, rom yvelas aqvs sakuTari azris gamoxatvis

ufleba. Tuki jer kidev undobloba igrZnoba da braldebebi

ar amowurula, umjobesia mxareebma gulaxdilad gamoxaton

grZnobebi.

SeTanxmdiT imaze, rom problema urTierTmisaRebi gziT unda

gadawydes. procesi ar daiwyeba manam, sanam mxareebi ar

darwmundebian, rom maTi interesebi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba.

SeTanxmdiT problemis gadawyvetis procesze, anu Semdgomi

moqmedebis gegmaze, etapebze, raTa momavalSi ar aRmoCndes, rom

Tqven sul sxva rames elodiT.

problemaze muSaobis faza:

erToblivi

gadawyvetis

principebi

problemaze erToblivi muSaobis procesis umniSvnelovanesi

etapia problemis formulireba, amitom nu dagenanebaT dro

SeTanxmdiT

imaze, rom

problema

urTierTmisaRebi

gziT gadawydes

42

erTmaneTis

interesebSi

naTlad

garkveva

problemis

erToblivi

gadawyvetis

procesis

aucilebeli

etapia

imisaTvis, rom es etapi guldasmiT gaiaroT. am dros naTeli

xdeba problemis Sinaarsi da is faqti, rom es problema yvela

mxarisaTvis saerToa! amiT mxareebs TanamSromlobis saSualeba

eZlevaT da isini ukve “saerTo saqmeze” zrunaven.

Semdeg SeqmeniT gadawyvetilebebis, alternativebis nusxa;

SeecadeT, rom ukritikod CamoyaroT variantebi. rac metia

idea, miT ukeTesi.

SearCieT yvela mxarisaTvis damakmayoflebeli alternativebi.

nu SeecdebiT alternativaTa dawvrilebiT damuSavebas.

airCieT perspeqtiuli ideebi da gamoyaviT urTierTmisaRebi

kriteriumebi. Tu am dros viTareba daiZaba da kvlav grZeldeba

saubari imaze, raSic ver rigdebiT, SeCerdiT da SeajameT

erToblivi muSaobis dadebiTi Sedegebi (anu, CamoTvaleT is

sakiTxebi, romlebic gadawyda). es iwvevs imis gancdas, rom

mizani arc ise Sorsaa da molaparakebebis gagrZelebis stimuls

iZleva.

SeTanxmdiT gadawyvetilebis Sesrulebis meqnizmebze; amis

gareSe xelSekrulebam, SesaZlebelia, ver imuSaos. darwmundiT,

rom yvela mxarem kargad gaigo, Tu ra molodinebi arsebobs mis

mimarT da mzadaa am molodinebis gamarTlebisTvis imuSaos.

sruldeba Tu ara Tqvens mier erToblivad miRebuli

gadawyvetileba? SeTanxmdiT, Tu rogor SeafasebT amas;

problemaze erToblivi muSaobiT miRebuli gadawyvetilebis

Sesrulebis process uyuradRebod nu datovebT. SeTanxmdiT

Semowmebis konkretul vadebze da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,

dagegmeT axali Sexvedrebi, raTa ukve miRebuli

gadawyvetilebis Sesrulebis srulyofaze imuSaoT.

konfliqtebis

mogvareba da

kultura

Tu Cvens Soris arsebul

gansxvavebebTan Seguebas ver vaxerxebT,

is mainc movaxerxoT,

rom am mravalferovnebas

usafrTxo saarsebo garemo SevuqmnaT.

j.f. kenedi

miuxedavad imisa, rom konfliqti universaluria, misi

gamoxatvisa da marTvis meTodebi yovel calkeul kulturul

garemocvaSi gansxvavebulia. TiToeul kulturas, konfliqtis

sakuTari koncefcia da misi marTvis sakuTari xerxebi da

procesebi gaaCnia.

kulturaze saubrisas, Cven ufro xSirad iseTi gamokveTili

fenomenebi gvaxsendeba, rogoricaa: xelovneba, ena, sakvebi, an

tansacmeli. magram kulturis cneba bevrad ufro rTulia,

magaliTad, rwmena da faseulobebi aseve kulturis ganuyofeli

nawilia. kulturuli faseulobani gansazRvraven imas, Tu

rogor aRiqvamen adamianebi samyaros; amaSi konfliqtebis da

maTi marTvis aRqmac Sedis.

amdenad, kultura SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc ganwyobis,

faseulobebis, rwmenisa da qcevis erToblioba, romelic TviT

pirovnebis mieraa Seqmnili, an gadmoecema mas, rogorc misi

jgufis socialuri gamocdileba.

kultura ar aris ucvleli, an erTgvarovani ram da arc

ubralod Cvevebisa da Cveulebebis krebuli; igi rTuli,

situaciuri procesia. rogorc wesi, adamianebs mravali

kultura aqvT xolme SeTvisebuli.

44

kultura -

ganwyobebis,

faseulobebis,

rwmenebisa da

qcevebis

erTobliobaa,

romelic an TviT

pirovnebis mieraa

Seqmnili, an

gadmoeca mas

socialuri

gamocdilebis

gziT

Cven ar varsebobT izolirebulad. yoveli Cvengani garkveuli

jgufis, garkveuli kulturis warmomadgenelia. aqedan

gamomdinare, Cveni azrovneba, Tu qmedebebi im sxvadasxva

aracnobieri ideebiT, varaudebiTa da wesebiTaa nakarnaxebi,

romlebic am jgufis memkvidreobas warmoadgens. miuxedavad

amisa, xSirad arc ki vacnobierebT, Tu rogor imoqmeda Cvenma

kulturulma gamocdilebam Cvens azrebsa da moqmedebaze, da

es gansakuTrebiT konfliqtebis gamocdilebas exeba. Tu

gvinda, rom konfliqtebis (rogorc Cveni sakuTari, aseve sxvisi)

efeqturi marTva viswavloT, aucilebelia gavarkvioT, Tu

rogor ganixilavs konfliqtebs da maT mogvarebas, Cveni

kultura.

Cveni rwmena da faseulobebi zemoqmedeben, rogorc

konfliqtSi myofi mxareebis urTierT-damokidebulebaze,

aseve maT damokidebulebaze mesame mxaresTan, rac konfliqtur

situaciaSi Zalze mniSvnelovania.

gaixseneT raime magaliTi, rodesac kulturiT ganpirobebuli

konkretuli Sexedulebebi, an qceva konfliqtSi CarTuli

mxareebis urTierTobaze axdendnen gavlenas:

kulturis konfliqtze zegavlenis Secnobis dros sasargebloa

garkveuli ganzogadebebis gakeTeba, raTa saSualeba mogveces,

rom erTi situaciidan miRebuli codna sxva msgavsi situaciis

mimarTac gamoviyenoT. Tumca, unda gvaxsovdes, rom (1)

adamianebSi yovelTvis iarsebebs individualuri sxvaobebi,

Tundac erTi jgufis SigniT da (2) mxolod is faqti, rom

adamiani amJRavnebs romelime jgufisTvis damaxasiaTebel

niSnebs, ar niSnavs, rom igi am jgufis wevria (da piriqiT).

kultura konfliqtebis mogvarebis

Teoriasa da praqtikaSi

konfliqtebis mogvarebis Teoria da praqtika, ZiriTadad

dasavluri (evro-amerikuli) tradiciebis konteqstSi

ganviTarda da im molodinebis, faseulobebisa da logikis

matarebelia, romelic dasavluri kulturisTvisaa

damaxasiaTebeli. Tumca, am sferoSi moRvaweoben adamianebi

_

(magaliTad, norvegieli mecnieri iohan galtungi), romelTa

naazrevsa da namoqmedarSi mniSvnelovnadaa Sejerebuli

gansxvavebul kulturaTa wiaRSi dagrovili sibrZne.

amasTanave, konfliqtebis mogvarebis tradiciuli Teoriebis

mimarT gamoTqmuli pretenziebi sruliadac ar aris safuZvels

moklebuli. es Teoriebi universaluri modelebisa da xerxebis

agebas, konkretuli konfliqtis socialuri da kulturuli

aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe cdilobdnen. magaliTad,

jon bartonma, romelmac didi wvlili Seitana konfliqtebis

mogvarebis e.w. generikuli Teoriis ganviTarebaSi, seriozuli

kritika daimsaxura imis gamo, rom igi, kritikosebis azriT,

kulturul sxvaobebs ver iTvaliswinebda.

arsebobs mosazreba, rom konfliqtebis mogvarebis dasavlurma

xedvam, verc sxva sakiTxebSi (saTemo mediaciaSi, diplomatiur

molaparakebebSi, humanitarul daxmarebasa, Tu samSvidobo

intervenciebSi) gaiTvaliswina aradasavluri Taviseburebani.

xSirad, konfliqtis mogvarebaSi daxmareba kulturuli

konteqstis, arsebuli adgilobrivi tradiciebis,

institutebisa da resursebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe igegmeba.

1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi praqtikosebma da Teoretikosebmac

gamoTqves eWvi konfliqtebis mogvarebis dasavluri

Teoriebisa da modelebis sandoobisa da gamoyenebadobis

Sesaxeb.

rogoraa SesaZlebelia konfliqtebis mogvarebis

praqtikaSi kulturuli aspeqtis gaTvaliswineba?

damokidebuleba kulturasa da konfliqts Soris mecnieruli

Seswavlis sagania. samecniero literaturaSi uxvad gvxvdeba

konfliqtebis da davebis mogvarebis eTnografiuli

magaliTebi (CineTis, koreis da iaponiis mediaciis saukunovani

tradiciebis CaTvliT). es magaliTebi gvTavazoben msoflioSi

arsebuli konfliqtebis marTvisa da mogvarebis unikaluri

meTodebis speqtrs.

rogorc ukve vaxseneT, mecnierebi varaudoben, rom kultura,

rogorc cneba, mZlavri analitikuri instrumentia; am

mosazrebidan gamomdinare isini akritikeben konfliqtebis

mogvarebisadmi kulturulad brma midgomebs da emxrobian

konfliqtebis marTvisa Tu mogvarebis Teoriul da praqtikul

safuZvlebSi kulturuli aspeqtis CarTvas. maTi azriT,

nebismieri kulturaTaSorisi konfliqtebis mogvarebis win

kulturaTaSorisi

konfliqtebis

mogvarebisas

mniSvnelovania

kulturuli

konteqstis, anu

arsebuli

adgilobrivi

tradiciebis,

institutebisa

da resursebis

gaTvaliswineba

46

unda Catardes winaswari kulturologiuri analizi. yvelaze

mcire, aseTma gamokvlevam unda gamoavlinos is faruli

varaudebi da konfliqtis interpretaciebi, rac gaaCniaT

konfliqtis mxareebsa da mediators (Suamavals).

kulturologiuri analizis Catarebisas gaTvaliswinebul

unda iqnas Semdegi momentebi:

§ mxareebi: vin arian konfliqtSi CarTuli mxareebi? vis

SeuZlia Seitanos wvlili mogvarebaSi, an vis Seexeba mxareTa

mier problemis irgvliv miRebuli gadawyvetileba? mxareTa

azriT, romeli pirovnebebis, an jgufebis interesebi unda

iyos gaTaliswinebuli? rogor ganixilavs mxareTa

kultura konfliqts, mis bunebas da rogori qceva iTvleba

miRebulad konfliqtis dros?

§ mesame mxare`konfliqtis momgvarebeli: ra

faseulobebi, an ra ganwyobebia, romlebmac SesaZloa, mesame

mxaris konfliqtSi monawileobis procesze iqonios

gavlena? xom ar arsebobs romelime sxva kandidatura,

romlis Carevasac mxareebi ndobis ufro maRali xarisxiT

Sexvdebian?

§ problemebi: rogoria arsebuli problemebi da ra awuxebT

mxareebs? xom ar arsebobda mxareebs Soris raime problema

warsulSi? rogor uyureben mxareebi aseTi tipis

problemebs TavianTi kulturidan gamomdinare? rogor

unda gadawydes msgavsi problemebi maTi kulturis

CarCoebSi? ra faseulobebi, rwmena iqoniebs gavlenas

situaciaze?

§ procesi: konfliqtis mogvarebis ra tipis procesi

Seesabameba yvelaze metad mxareTa kulturas? ra surT

mxareebs procesisagan, ras moelian isini? sakuTari

gancdebis moyolas? TavinTi simarTlis damtkicebas?

gadawyvetilebis miRebas? SeTanxmebis miRwevas? an iqneb

sulac bodiSis moxdas (an mosmenas)? rogori tipis mogvareba

iqneba misaRebi mxareebisTvis (formaluri`araformaluri,

sajaro`kerZo?) rogori ganrigi urCevniaT - xangrZlivi

diskusiebi, Tu struqturirebuli Sexvedrebi?

konfliqturi situaciis dros kulturuli sakiTxebis

gaTvaliswineba konfliqtSi mesame mxaris Carevis procesis

Sesatyvisobas gazrdis. Sesabamisad, misi efeqturobac

gaizrdeba.

gvinda SemogTavazoT erTi patara igavi, romelsac boloSi

morali aklia. moralis avtori Tavad Tqven iqnebiT. SeajameT

is codna, rac ukve gagaCniaT konfliqtebis mogvarebasTan

mimarTebaSi da moifiqreT am istoriis Taviseburi daskvna,

morali, anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, is gakveTili, romelic

gamotaneT misi wakiTxvis Sedegad. CawereT Tqveni mosazrebebi

moTxrobis bolos gamoyofil specialur adilas.

saRamoa. mama fexburTis matCs uyurebs televizoriT, magram

komentatoris naTqvamidan wesierad erT sityvasac ver igebs,

radgan misi ori gogona xmamaRla kamaTobs samzareuloSi. mama

sabolood kargavs moTminebas da Sedis samzareuloSi, sadac

irkveva, rom gogonebi macivarSi darCenili bolo forToxlis

gamo Cxuboben. mama xmis amoRebis gareSe iRebs forToxals,

aTavsebs xis dafaze da danis erTi dasmiT or Tanabar nawilad

Wris. Semdeg, TiToeul gogonas Tavis kuTvnil wils awvdis,

TviTon ki Wiqa wyals isxavs da amasobaSi xedavs, rom erT-erTma

gogonam forToxlis guli SeWama, qerqi ki nagvis yuTSi

moisrola; meorem ki, aseve gafcqvna forToxali, guli nagavSi

gadaagdo, qerqi ki wvrilad daWra da namcxvris gamosacxobad

gamzadebul comSi Seuria.

morali:

erTi

forToxlis

ambavi

_

naxatis avtori - mariana guguliani

varxanis sajaro skola

2o efeqturi komunikaciis modeli

o rogor davexmaroT adamians misi problemebis mogvarebaSi

o barierebi komunikaciaSi

o ``Tqven`` da ``me`` - Setyobinebebi

o rogor gamovxatoT grZnobebi ise, rom adamianebs ar vawyeninoT

o asertiuloba

o konstruqciuli ukukavSiris unar-Cvevebi

o araverbaluri komunikacia

o efeqturi mosmena

o xarT Tu ara aqtiuri msmeneli?

o mosmenis unaris gaumjobeseba

komunikacia

konfliqtur

situaciebSi

naxatis avtori - Tamar yuljaniSvili

abasTumnis sajaro skola

efeqturi komunikacia myardeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki

adamianebi erT martiv princips icaven – fokusirebas

maTTan urTierTobaSi myof adamianze, partniorze

akeTeben. Tanac, yuradRebas ara marto naTqvamis

Sinaarsze amaxvileben, aramed mosaubris grZnobebzec.

gaixseneT adamiani, romelTanac gsiamovnebT urTierToba.

raSia misi xibli? rogoria igi urTierobisas?

kargi komunikatori interess avlens misi partnioris mimarT.

igi, meore adamianis naTqvamis mxolod Sinaarsobriv maxeSi ar

ebmeba, aramed im grZnobebsac wvdeba, romelic am naTqvamis

miRma imaleba.

ra aris Sinaarsi

efeqturi

komunikaciis

modeli

Sinaarsi Setyobinebis is nawilia, romelic pasuxobs kiTxvaze -

“ra”, anu Setyobinebis sakiTxi, sagani. garkveulwilad, misi

raodenobrivi Sefaseba SesaZlebelia, igi gazomvadia. mas

SeuZlia gamoiwvios susti, an sakmaod Zlieri emociuri

reaqcia. yvela uTanxmoeba da kamaTi, ufro xSirad,

_

kargi

komunikatori ara

mxolod

yuradRebiT

usmens naTqvamis

Sinaarss, aramed

cdilobs Cawvdes

im grZnobebsac,

romlebic am

naTqvamis miRma

imaleba

52

ar arsebobs

swori an

araswori

grZnoba;

adamians ver

etyvi, rom misi

grZnoba

WeSmaritia an

yalbi

Setyobinebis Sinaarsis irgvliv xdeba xolme. “marTali xar!” an

“Sen cdebi!” - SinaarsiT gamowveuli gamoTqmebia. mogeba, an

wageba swored im komunikaciis Sedegia, romelic Sinaarszea

fokusirebuli.

Sinaarsi adamianisaTvis mniSvnelovania, radgan is - samsaxurs,

finansebs, bavSvebs, saxls, manqanebs, religias, dros,

politikas, skolas, modas da a.S. exeba. magram, Sinaarsze

metismetad koncentrirebas SeuZlia areuloba gamoiwvios.

erTmaneTis sityvebze gamokidebam, SesaZloa, adamianebs mizani

daaviwyoT. aseT situaciaSi, isini problemis mogvarebis

nacvlad, erTmaneTis sityvieri dajabvnis uazro SejibrSi

ebmebian. Sinaarsze zedmeti fokusirebis savalalo Sedegebis

mowmeni vxdebiT, magaliTad, zogierTi politikosis

satelevizio debatebis dros.

ra aris grZnoba?

grZnoba Setyobinebis is nawilia, romelic adamianis

damokidebulebas asaxavs da pasuxobs kiTxvaze “rogor?” anu,

es aris Setyobinebis miRma arsebuli emociuri foni. grZnobaze

ufro Tvisobriv terminebSi vsaubrobT, vidre raodenobrivSi.

ar arsebobs swori, an araswori grZnoba. adamians iSviaTad

veubnebiT, rom misi grZnoba WeSmaritia, an yalbi. albaT,

swored imitom, rom es misi grZnobaa da man Tavad icis, rasac

grZnobs. grZnobaze fokusirebisas aRar arsebobs “mogeba” da

“wageba”. Tu adamiani gaigebs meore adamianis grZnobebs, da

pativscemas gamoavlens maT mimarT, es mxolod ndobis

atmosferos gaaZlierebs urTierTobaSi. amgvari “gagebis”

situaciaSi keTilad ganvewyobiT xolme da imis survilic

gviCndeba, rom sxvas aseve gagebiT movekidoT.

efeqturi komunikaciis sargebeli

1. efeqturi mosmena

adamianebi, romlebic mTeli “gulisyuriT” usmenen, mosaubris

grZnobebze arian fokusirebuli, Tanac gansjisa da Sefasebis

gareSe – efeqtur msmenelebad iTvlebian xolme. amgvari

qceviT, isini interess, zrunvasa da gagebas amJRavneben

mosaubris mimarT, rac maTi warmatebuli urTierTobis

sawindaria.

2. efeqturi pasuxis gacema

meore dadebiTi momentia - pasuxi, romliTac msmeneli

mosaubres gulaxdili da Tavisufali saubris gagrZelebas

uadvilebs. pasuxebi, sadac sworad aris asaxuli mosaubris

grZnobebi da Setyobinebis Sinaarsi, Taviseburi sarkis rols

asruleben. maTi daxmarebiT mosaubre ukeT erkveva sakuTar

grZnobebSi da xvdeba, Tu realurad ra damokidebuleba aqvs im

sakiTxisadmi, romelzec saubrobs. grZnobebSi garkveva

urTierTgagebisa da urTierTpativiscemis atmosferos

Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels, rac TavisTavad, gaumjobesebul

komunikacias niSnavs.

3. efeqturi komunikaciis meSveobiT problemebis

nayofieri mogvareba

efeqturi mosmena da saubris wamaxalisebeli pasuxebi

problemis nayofieri mogvarebis sawindaria. sayuradReboa,

rom xSirad, konfliqtis mougvarebloba Sinaarsobrivi

sakiTxebis irgvliv arsebuli SeuTanxmeblobis brali sulac

ar aris, aramed (da es gacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovania) imis,

rom adamianebis grZnobebia ugulebelyofili, an

gaufasurebuli. maTi grZnobebis aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi,

adamianebi ufro xalisianad da SemoqmedebiTad udgebian

problemis mogvarebas da ufro advilad midian

urTierTmisaReb da urTierTmomgebian SeTanxmebamde.

54

dasawyisisaTvis, rac SeiZleba adre unda davinaxoT

simptomebi, romlebic adamianis problemaze mianiSneben. amis

Semdeg ki, mis dasaxmareblad garkveuli RonisZiebebis

ganxorcielebac SeiZleba.

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom adamianebi sakuTari problemebis

Sesaxeb Riad da Tavisuflad ar saubroben. xandaxan gviWirs

sakuTari grZnobebis sityvebiT gamoxatva. saqmes isic

arTulebs, rom sazogadod vSiSobT da ar gvsiamovnebs, rodesac

Sefasebis obieqti vxdebiT, Tanac Tu es Sefaseba uaryofiTia.

zemoqmedeba kidev ufro Zlieria, rodesac “Semfasebeli”,

CvenTvis mniSvnelovani pirovnebaa (magaliTad, saukeTeso

megobari, an ufrosi adamiani).

maSinac ki, rodesac adamiani Tavisi problemis Sesaxeb saubars

bedavs, igi rogorc wesi, amas naTeli da erTmniSvnelovani

SetyobinebiT ar, an ver akeTebs.

arsebobs garkveuli signalebi, romlebic migvaniSneben, rom

adamians problema gauCnda. igi:

· sityvaZunwi xdeba

· cud xasiaTzea

· Tvals garidebT

· advilad Riziandeba

· SedarebiT naklebad iRimeba

rogor

davexmaroT

adamians misi

problemebis

mogvarebaSi

· uxalisoa da daTrgunuli

· ufro nela, an ufro swrafad dadis

· dabneulia

signalebi problemis arsebobaze migvaniSnebs, magram arafers

gveubneba Tavad problemis xasiaTis Sesaxeb. ase rom, yvelaze

rTuli saqme jer kidev gasakeTebelia – adamians misi

problemis SecnobaSi unda davexmaroT. imasac ki, vinc Riad da

Tavisuflad saubrobs problemis Sesaxeb, xSirad bolomde

kargad ara aqvs gacnobierebuli realuri problema. adamiani

problemis arsSi mxolod maSin iwyebs wvdomas, rodesac mas

eZleva saSualeba gamoxatos sityvebiT sakuTari grZnobebi, an

Tundac Sesavali fraza warmoTqvas:

“marTlac rom gabrazebuli var”

“dRes marcxena fexze avdeqi”

“daiviwye”

“es ase unda momxdariyo”

“Tavi damanebeT”

“yovelTvis raRac xdeba xolme”

“xandaxan survili maqvs yvelafers Tavi davanebo”

“gamagiJebs es yvelaferi...”

“ra davaSave amisTana!”

…da ase Semdeg.

SeuZlebelia, vinmem zustad icodes, Tu ra xdeba meore

adamianis gunebaSi. amitom, aseT dros, varaudebis agebas

viwyebT. es varaudebi, rogorc wesi, am adamianisagan momavali

sityvieri da usityvo signalebis gaSifvris (dekodirebis)

safuZvelze gviCndeba.

yvelaferi imiT iwyeba, rom gadamcems uCndeba garkveuli

grZnoba – vTqvaT, erTgvari daukmayofilebloba Sinagani

daZabulobis gamo

SeuZlebelia

vinmem zustad

icodes, Tu ra

xdeba meore

adamianSi

56

mimRebs ar SeuZlia icodes, Tu ra xdeba gadamcemis pirad

samyaroSi. Tu am ukanasknels surs vinmes raime acnobos, man jer

Sesabamisi kodi unda amoirCios, romliTac sakuTar grZnobebs

gamoxatavs.

Semdeg gadamcemi agzavnis kodirebul gzavnils; vTqvaT,

sityvier cnobas.

xarT ra mimRebis rolSi, Tqven ismenT am kods da iwyebT

dekodirebis process. dekodirebis Sedegad miRebuli

informaciidan Tqven varaudobT, an akeTebT daskvnas, Tu ras

ganicdis gadamcemi. davuSvaT, Tqven daaskveniT, rom gadamcemi

aris Zalian imeddakarguli.

es naxati aris pirovnebaTSorisi komunikaciis procesis

vizualuri sqema. rodesac adamiani ubralod raRacas

gamoTqvavs, es ar aris komunikacia. komunikaciis process

ganekuTvneba rogorc gadamcemis gamonaTqvami, aseve

mimRebis STabeWdileba. efeqtur, anu srulyofil

komunikacias aqvs adgili mxolod maSin, rodesac

STabeWdileba = gamonaTqvams

anu, Tu mimRebis STabeWdileba zustad daemTxva imas, risi

gadacema (gamoTqma) surda gadamcems, maSin SegviZlia vTqvaT,

rom efeqturi komunikacia Sedga da mimRebma gaugo gadamcems.

samwuxarod, efeqturi komunikacia, romlis drosac adgili

aqvs WeSmarit da srul gagebas, imaze iSviaTi movlenaa, vidre

Cven gvgonia, radgan:

· adamianebi yovelTvis ar amboben imas, rasac sinamdvileSi

fiqroben;

· adamianebma yovelTvis ar ician Tavisi WeSmariti grZnobebis

Sesaxeb;

· arc ise advilia grZnobebis sityvebiT gadmocema (anu, arc

ise advilia swori kodis moZebna);

· erTi da igive sityvebi gansxvavebulad esmiT sxvadasxva

adamianebs;

· xandaxan mxolod is gvesmis, ris gagebasac visurvebdiT;

· mimRebi xSirad dakavebulia ara dekodirebis procesiT,

aramed sakuTari pasuxis mofiqrebiT;

· gadamcemma ar icis, sworad moaxdina Tu ara misi gzavnilis

dekodireba mimRebma;

· amis msgavsad, arc mimRebma icis, sworad moaxdina Tu ara

man gadamcemis gzavnilis dekodireba.

pasuxebi, romlebic aadvileben problemis

mogvarebas

“mopatiJeba”

pirovneba agzavnis mokle Sesaval Setyobinebas sakuTari

grZnobebis Sesaxeb, romelic msmenels raRac problemis

arsebobaze miuTiTebs. problemis mogvarebis procesi mxolod

maSin daiwyeba, rodesac msmeneli Tavis mxriv gaugzavnis mas

erTgvar mopatiJebas, anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, kars

gauRebs mas, visac daxmareba sWirdeba:

“isurvebdiT amis Sesaxeb saubars?”

“SemiZlia am problemis mogvarebaSi dagexmaroT?”

“siamovnebiT movismendi Tqvens mosazrebas”

erTi da igive

sityvebi

sxvadasxva

adamianebs

gansxvavebulad

esmis

58

adamianebs,

romelTac

problema aqvT,

msmenelisagan

gacilebiT meti

sWirdebaT, vidre

mxolod Cumad

yofna

“dagexmarebodaT amaze saubari?”

“xandaxan problemas Svelis gulaxdili saubari”

“siamovnebiT dagexmarebodiT Tu SemiZlia”

“momiyeviT amis Sesaxeb”

“Tu Tqven dro gaqvT, mec gamovnaxavdi. isurvebdiT amis Sesaxeb

saubars?”

rogorc wesi, adamianebs eridebaT TavianTi problemebiT sxva

adamianebis “datvirTva” da maTi drois dakaveba. amitom

msmenelma raime formiT unda aCvenos Tavisi mzaoba

mosmenisaTvis, raTa gauadvilos adamians problemaze saubris

dawyeba. zemoT moyvanili “mopatiJebis” magaliTebi aCvenebs

adamians, rom msmeneli ara mxolod usmens mas, aramed

TanaugrZnobs da dainteresebulia misi problemiT.

pasiuri mosmena

Tu problemiT Sewuxebuli adamiani ipovis msmenels, romelic

Cumad aris da usmens, amiT igi Tavis problemaze saubris

gambedaobas iZens. Cveulebriv, msmenelis mSvidi qceva aRiqmeba

rogorc interesi. Cumad yofna (anu pasiuri mosmena) Zalian

qmediTi instrumentia. igi adamianebs ubiZgebs isaubron imaze,

rac maT awuxebT.

yuradRebis reaqciebi

adamianebs, romelTac problema aqvT, msmenelisagan gacilebiT

meti sWirdebaT, vidre mxolod Cumad yofna. maT sWirdebaT imis

dasabuTeba, rom msmeneli Tavisi fiqrebiT ar aris dakavebuli.

msmenelma drodaro unda aCvenos, rom igi yuradRebiT usmens;

amisaTvis kargi saSualebaa mxedvelobiTi kontaqtis

SenarCuneba, an Tavis daqneva. garda amisa, msmenels SeuZlia

gamoiyenos e.w. yuradRebis reaqciebi:

· “mesmis”

· “oh…”

· “hmm…”

· “mivxvdi”

· “sainteresoa”

· “marTla?”

· “xumromis gareSe!?”

· “diax”

· “gismen”

aqtiuri mosmena

mopatiJeba, pasiuri mosmena da yuradRebis reaqciebi

uadvileben adamians saubris dawyebas, magram es jer kidev araa

sakmarisi zemoT naxsenebi tolobisaTvis:

STabeWdileba = gamonaTqvams

imisaTvis, rom mosaubre darwmundes, rom msmenelis

STabeWdileba mis gamonaTqvams Seesabameba, msmenelma mosmenis

aqtiur formas unda mimarTos. kidev erTxel davubrundeT

bolo naxats. mimRebma moaxdina gadamcemis Setyobinebis

dekodireba garkveuli saxiT. warmovidginoT, rom mimRebma

ukukavSiris saxiT daubruna gadamcems Tavisi dekodirebis

Sedegi .

amgvari ukukavSiris Semdeg gadamcemma ukve icis, Tu ramdenad

sworad moaxdina mimRebma misi Setyobinebis dekodireba.

ukukavSiris miRebis Semdeg gadamcems SeuZlia an daadasturos

igi (“marTali xarT”), an misi koreqcia moaxdinos (“me ufro

gabrazebuli var, vidre imeddakarguli”). gadamcemis dasturi

mimRebs aCvenebs, rom misi STabeWdileba swori iyo, koreqtireba

ki aCvenebs, rom - araswori.

aqtiuri mosmenis mTeli xelovneba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom

mimRebi xSirad da Tanmimdevrulad awvdis gadamcems Tavisi

dekodirebis Sedegebs. arasodes SegviZlia bolomde

darwmunebuli viyoT imaSi, rom srulad da zustad gavigeT

adamianis naTqvami. amitom, Tu gvsurs, rom pirovnebaTSorisi

urTierTobebis Cveuli gaugebrobebi minimumamde daviyvanoT,

aucileblad unda gadavamowmoT, Tu ramdenad sworad gavigeT

meore adamianis sityvebi.

mopatiJeba, pasiuri mosmena da yuradRebis reaqciebi

gamoxataven mosmenis mzaobas, xolo aqtiuri mosmena iZleva

60

sxvisi gageba

ar niSnavs

daTanxmebas

dasabuTebas, rom mimRebma sworad gaigo misTvis miwodebuli

informacia. es ki, Tavis mxriv, ubiZgebs gadamcems gaagrZelos

saubari da ufro Rrmad ganixilos problema.

erTi SexedviT, aqtiuri mosmena martivia – msmeneli Tavisi

sityvebiT ujamebs da ubrunebs gadamcems mosmenilis Sinaarss;

amis miuxedavad, aqtiuri mosmenis Cvevis daufleba arc ise

iolia; amisaTvis garkveuli dro da varjiSia saWiro.

yvela Setyoboneba saWiroebs Tu ara ukukavSirs?

ra Tqma unda, ara. Cven ukve visaubreT reaqciis sami sxva formis

Sesaxeb, romlebic problemis mogvarebis safuZvels qmnis:

mopatiJeba, pasiuri mosmena, yuradRebis raqciebi. SesaZloa

zogierTi Setyobineba TqvenTvis bolomde naTeli ar iyos

imisaTvis, rom misi dabruneba SesZloT. aseT SemTxvevaSi

umjobesia reagireba siCumiT an yuradRebis romelime reaqciiT

moaxdinoT.

gulisxmobs Tu ara aqtiuri mosmena daTanxmebas?

es SekiTxva sakmaod xSirad ismis. rogorc wesi, Cven miCveulni

varT, rom msmeneli saubrisas an daTanxmebas gamoxatavs, an

uaryofas. rodesac adamianebi usmenen, maTi sapasuxo

Setyobinebebis mniSvneloba daiyvaneba Semdegze: sworia, an

arasworia; azriania, an uazroa; kargia, an cudia; logikuria,

an ulogikoa.

aqtiuri mosmena ar gulisxmobs mosmenilis negatiur Sefasebas

da SewinaaRmdegebas, amitom zogierTi xedavs aqtiuri mosmenis

safrTxes imaSi, rom igi SesaZloa gaigivdes daTanxmebasTan (“me

viziareb Tqvens grZnobebs”, “me mjera, Tqven marTali xarT”,

“geTanxmebiT”). magram sinamdvileSi aq safrTxe ar arsebobs;

miReba ar niSnavs daTanxmebas. aqtiuri mosmena gadascems Semdeg

cnobas: “me mesmis, Tu ras grZnobT”. es arc daTanxmebaa da arc

uaryofa. msmeneli ar gamoTqvavs araviTar mosazrebas imis

Sesaxeb, grZnobebi sworia, Tu araswori, eTanxmeba is am

grZnobebs, Tu ara. igi ubralod adasturebs (aRiarebs)

grZnobebis arsebobis faqts.

a vqnaT, rodesac mosasmenad ar gvcalia?

rodesac raime mizezis gamo mosmena ar SegiZliaT (magaliTad,

geCqarebaT, an TavSi sul sxva fiqrebi gitrialebT), nu

SeecdebiT moaCvenoT mosaubres, rom usmenT. Tqveni WeSmariti

ganwyobis dafarva gagiWirdebaT, da aqtiur mosmenas ver

SeZlebT. aseT dros yvelaze Wkvianuria moubodiSoT adamians,

auxsnaT, rom amJamad ar SegiZliaT masTan saubari da

SesTavazoT, Tu survili eqneba, mogvianebiT movides TqvenTan.

62

Zalian xSirad

Cven erTs

vgulisxmobT,

adamianebs ki

Cveni

naTqvamidan

sruliad sxva

azri gamoaqvT

barierebi

komunikaciaSi

albaT gqoniaT SemTxveva, rodesac cdilobdiT, adamiani

genugeSebinaT, is ki gaginawyendaT? an, sruliad gulwrfelad

apirebdiT megobris daxmarebas, is ki Tqvens rCevebs ar usmenda

da bolos gaRizianda kidec?

komunikacia ucnauri da rTuli ramaa. xSirad, Cven gvgonia, rom

savsebiT gasagebad gamovxatavT imas, rasac vfiqrobT (an, ufro

sworad, vgulisxmobT), magram adamianebs Cveni naTqvamidan sul

sxva azri gamoaqvT.

SegiZliaT, gaixsenoT aseTi magaliTi Tqveni gamocdilebidan?

_

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ratom xdeba ase? amis mizezi komunikaciaSi arsebuli

barierebia, anu is xelis SemSleli faqtorebi, romlebic

sruliad kanonzomieria da amave dros, uamrav sirTules

gviqmnis urTierTobaSi.

modiT davfiqrdeT am sakiTxze da vnaxoT, Tu ra barierebzea

saubari, raTa gaviTvaliswinoT isini da Cveni urTierToba

adamianebTan ufro nayofieri da sasiamovno gavxadoT.

1. miTiTeba, brZaneba, moTxovna

moTxovnas, brZanebebs da miTiTebebis micemas - “Sen unda...”,

“Sen valdebuli xar axlave...” da a.S. SiSis, an aqtiuri

winaaRmdegobis gamowveva SeuZlia. adamians, SesaZloa

jibrSi Cadgomis survilic ki aReZras. aseTi tipis

komunikacia protestis grZnobasa da samagieros gadaxdis

survils badebs.

2. gafrTxileba, Sexseneba, muqara

rodesac adamians eubnebiT, Tu ra moelis mas garkveuli

qcevis, an moqmedebis Seusruleblobis (an Sesrulebis)

SemTxvevaSi - “Tu ar dameTanxmebi, maSin...”, “girCevnia...,

Torem...”, - es masSi SiSsa da morCilebas badebs, rac

sruliadac ar aris jansaRi da efeqturi urTierTobis

sawindari. SesaZloa, adamians “dapirebis” (muqaris)

realobis Semowmebis survili gauCndes; an, SesaZloa, aman

gaRizianeba, aRSfoTeba, protesti gamoiwvios.

3. moralis wakiTxva, damoZRvra, namusze agdeba

“Seni bralia, rom...”, “es ase ar unda geqna”, “Sen unda gezruna

imaze, rom...” – Sedegad, adamians uxerxulobis garda,

danaSaulis grZnobac uCndeba da man, SesaZloa, TavdacviTi

pozicia daikavos da agresiac ki gamoamJRavnos – mas xom,

faqtobrivad, upasuxismgeblobas abraleben.

4. rCevis micema, mza gadawyvetilebis SeTavazeba

“Sens adgilze ici ras gavakeTebdi?”, “modi, scade....?”,

“vici, rac unda gaakeTo!”, “me gaswavli, rogor moiqce...” -

aseTi winadadebebis faruli Sinaarsi gulisxmobs, rom

adamians ar SeuZlia sakuTari problemebis gansazRvra, maTi

mogvarebis gzebis gaanalizeba da swori arCevanis gakeTeba.

bunebrivia, rom uunarobis dabraleba da misi

damoukideblobis aseTi SezRudva adamianSi protestis

grZnobas gamoiwvevs.

5. Wkuis swavleba, “leqciis wakiTxva”, logikuri

argumentebis moSvelieba

es aris adamianze gavlenis moxdenis mcdeloba faqtebis,

kontr-argumentebis, logikis, informaciis, an sakuTari

mosazrebis meSveobiT. “me getyvi raSi cdebi...”, “faqtebi

metyveleben, rom...”, “ki, magram, logikurad rom

vimsjeloT....” - aseTi tipis gamoTqmebis sapasuxod

is Setyobineba,

romlis mizania

ara miiRos

mosaubre, aramed

Secvalos igi,

amuxruWebs da

Trgunavs

problemis

mogvarebis

process

64

adamianma, SesaZloa, ubralod “gamorTos” Tavisi

yuradReba da saerTod aRar mogisminoT. aseTi komunikacia

Trgunavs da sakuTari arasrulfasovnebis gancdas aCens.

6. kritika, gansja, SewinaaRmdegeba

adamiani ver grZnobs Tavs komfortulad, rodesac misi

Sefaseba, kritika, an misi saqcielis gansja xdeba. “Sen

absoluturad ver xvdebi...”, “gamousworebeli zarmaci

xar...”, - aseTi gamoTqmebi niSnavs, rom adamiani

arakompetenturi, an sulelia; bevrs ubralod eSinia aseTi

Sefasebebis da amitom gaurbis amgvar komunikacias.

zogierTi morCilad miiRebs kritikas, daeTanxmeba

negatiur Sefasebas da amiT did zians miayenebs sakuTar

TviTSefasebas – “me marTlac cudi var…”; zogierTi ki

piriqiT, gabrazdeba da moindomebs samagieros gadaxdas –

“girCevnia, Sens Tavs mixedo!”

7. Seqeba, daTanxmeba, pirferoba

dadebiTi Sefaseba - “Zalian magari xar!”, “absoluturad

marTali xar am pirovnebis SefasebaSi”, “me vfiqrob, rom am

saqmeSi Seudarebeli xar!” - adamianis mimarT maRali

molodinebis arsebobas gulisxmobs da TiTqos mis Seqeba`

waxalisebas emsaxureba, magram amis nacvlad adamians

SfoTva uCndeba, radgan grZnobs, rom ar Seesabameba

gamoTqmul aRfrTovanebas. garda amisa, aseTi Sefasebebi

xSirad ganixileba, rogorc erTgvari pirferoba,

mfarvelur-familiaruli toni, an pirovnebiT

manipulireba misgan sasurveli qcevis misaRebad.

8. Sercxvena, masxrad agdeba

urTierTobaSi, dasafiqrebelia adamianTan Sexumrebis,

misi masxrad agdebis an Sercxvenis, “iarliyis mikerebis”

mcdeloba. “Se, mtirala...”, “gasagebia, batono

Wkuiskolofo!”, “kai, morCi axla zluquns!” – aseTi

mimarTva atyobinebs adamians, rom is sruliad usargebloa,

ignorirebulia, da ar imsaxurebs elementarul

pativiscemas. ra Tqma unda, aseTi komunikacia

damangrevelia adamianis TviT-SefasebisaTvis; is masSi

imedgacruebas, da Sesabamisad sapasuxo agresias, sityvier

samagieros iwvevs.

9. interpretireba, analizi, diagnozis dasma

Tu urTierTobisas Cven vuxsniT adamianas mis motivebs,

vuanalizebT qcevas an saubars, vatyobinebT, rom “Seni

problema sruliad naTelia”, “Seni susti mxare imaSia,

rom...”, “Sen ubralod gadaiRale..”, “Sen amas sinamdvileSi

verasodes gaakeTeb...” - aseTi komunikacia unayofoa,

gamawbilebeli da SesaZloa zogjer muqaris matarebelic

ki iyos. pirovneba, faqtiurad, blokirebulia; igi grZnobs,

rom mis mimarT interesi mcirea, radgan is ukve

“gaSifrulia”, misi grZnobebi gaSiSvlebulia da is sruliad

daucvelia sxvebis winaSe. adamians uCndeba survili

ramenairad Sewyvitos “rentgeniT gaSuqebis” procesi da

gaeqces amgvar komunikacias.

10. darwmuneba, simpaTiisa da mxardaWeris gamoxatva,

danugeSeba

mcdeloba gamoukeTo adamians ganwyobileba, esaubro misi

emociebisagan daclis mizniT zogjer sruldeba misi

grZnobebis siZlieris uaryofiT. “nu dardob”, “cotaxanSi

ukeT iqnebi”, “kai, gamxiaruldi, ra!”, “saqme arc ise

cudadaa...”, “nu azviadeb…” - amiT adamians uCndeba gancda,

rom misi sruliad ar esmiT. SesaZloa aseTi urTierTobiT

masSi mtruli ganwyoba gamoiwvioT (“SenTvis advilia amis

Tqma!”).

11. kiTxvebis dasma, dakiTxva

zogjer imis nacvlad, rom yuri dagvigdos, mosaubre

cdilobs Cvengan damatebiTi informaciis mopovebas,

TiTqos da Cveni problemis mogvarebis mizniT. is arkvevs

mizezebs, motivebs, eZieba situaciis detalebSi: “ratom...”,

“vin....”, “Sen ra gaakeTe...”, “mere ra moxda…rogor...”.

rogorc wesi, adamianebi gaurbian aseT kiTxvebs,

amjobineben, rom moityuon, damalon faqtebi da a.S., radgan

eSiniaT, rom damatebiTi informaciis miwodebas

damatebiTi kiTxvebi, kritika, an Sefaseba moyveba. garda

amisa, adamiani xSirad ubralod ibneva amden kiTxvebSi,

veRar xvdeba, Tu saiTken miyavs saubari mosaubres da

Sedegad SiSi da SfoTva eufleba.

12. yuradRebis gadatana, problemis Semsubuqeba

aris situaciebi, rodesac vcdilobT, adamiani problemas

movaSoroT, yuradReba sxva rameze gadavataninoT. “modi

ra, ufro sasiamovno rameebze visaubroT...”, “qveyana amiT

ar daingreva..”, “vis ar mosvlia.. “ - msgavsi replikebiT

Tqven albaT alalad cdilobT SeumsubuqoT adamians

mdgomareoba, sTavazobT mas Tavi aaridos sirTuleebs da

martivad Sexedos viTarebas, magram man SesaZloa aRiqvas

es yvelaferi, rogorc misi problemis ukugdeba,

ugulebelyofa da sirTuleebis dros sakuTar TavSi

Caiketos.

66

“Tqven” da

“me” -

Setyobinebebi

albaT SeniSneT, rom wina TavSi aRwerili yvela komunikaciuri

barieri Seicavs an gulisxmobs erT naTlad gamoxatul

komponents: “Tqven” (“Sen”).

Tavi daanebe (Sen) amgvar saqciels!

es (Tqven) ar unda gaakeToT!

es (Tqven) ukeT unda gcodnodaT!

es (Tqven) ase unda gaakeToT..

ratom ar ginda (Sen), rom erTxel mainc ...

(Tqven) araTavaziani xarT!

(Sen) amas imitom akeTeb, rom ...

ratom akeTebT (Tqven) amas?

me minda (Tqven) giTxraT, Tu ra unda gaakeToT (Tqven)…

adamianTan aseT mimarTvas “Tqven” – Setyobineba ewodeba.

“Tqven”-Setyobineba xifaTis qveS ayenebs urTierTobas, rasac

Tavisi mizezebi aqvs:

· Setyobineba JRers, rogorc dadanaSauleba da Sesabamisad,

iwvevs adamianSi danaSaulis gancdas;

· is aRiqmeba adamianis mier, rogorc misi gakicxva, kritika,

uaryofa;

· adamians eqmneba STabeWdileba, rom mas Wkuas aswavlian;

sjian an cdiloben misi Tavmoyvareobis Selaxvas;

yovelive amis gamo adamians reaqciuli qcevis – SurisZiebis

survili uCndeba; xolo pozitiuri cvlilebis nacvlad masSi

Sinagani protestis da winaaRmdegobis grZnoba Rvivdeba.

“Tqven” – SetyobinebiT Zalian rTulia miaRwio sasurvel

Sedegs da Seacvlevino adamians romelime qceva. saamisod

minimum sami mizezi arsebobs:

1. adamianebs ar moswonT Wkuis swavleba da miTiTeba,

Tu ra unda gaakeTon, da ra – ara. aseT dros adamiani

jiutdeba da ewinaaRmdegeba nebismier, Tundac misTvis

sasikeTo cvlilebas. adamianis bunebidan gamomdinare, mas

yovelTvis urCevnia sakuTari nebiT Secvalos esa Tu is qceva.

“Tqven” – Setyobineba ki mis gadawyvetilebasa da arCevans win

uswrebs da sakuTari nebis ganxorcielebis saSualebas

uzRudavs. magaliTad, warmoidgineT, rom eubnebiT adamians:

“Tqvens mier daweril werilSi bevri Secdomaa. Tavidan unda

daweroT”. am Setyobinebis pirveli nawilis Sedegad adamiani,

SesaZloa, Tavadac mixvda, rom werili Tavidanaa dasaweri,

magram Setyobinebis meore nawiliT mas, faqtiurad, waerTva

amis sakuTari surviliT gakeTebis da Tqveni simpaTiis

damsaxurebis Sansi.

2. amgvar SetyobinebaSi dominirebs adresatisaken

mimarTuli braldeba. “Tqven” - Setyobineba gulisxmobs: “es

Seni bralia”, “Sen xar uvargisi”, “Sen es ukeT unda gcodnoda”,

“Sen xar qarafSuta”. braldebas ki, rogorc wesi, uaryofiTi

emociebi, sapasuxo reaqcia mosdevs. saerTod, adamianebi

naklebad fiqroben imaze, Tu ramdenad misaRebia, an miuRebeli

maTi qceva sxvisTvis. umetes SemTxvevaSi maT sakuTari

moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis survili amoZravebs da ara

raime boroti zraxva (magaliTad, rom sxvebs SeuSalon xelis

maTi moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaSi). ase rom, rodesac

adamians “Tqven” - Setyobinebas” ugzavniT, mas sinamdvileSi

esmis: “Sen cudi xar, radgan Seni sakuTari moTxovnilebis

dakmayofilebaze zrunav”. TavisTavad cxadia, rom amgvari

SeniSvna misTvis sruliad gaugebaria.

3. da bolos, “Tqven” - Setyobineba araa qmediTi, radgan

ver gadascems meore adamians Sesatyvis informacias.

gavixsenoT wina TavebSi ganxiluli komunikaciis procesis

modeli. gadamcemma unda gadasces mimRebs kodirebuli

informacia, xolo mimRebma unda moaxdinos am informaciis

dekodireba. rodesac meore adamianis qceva TqvenTvis

adamianebma

xSirad ar

ician imis

Sesaxeb, rom

maTi qceva

SesaZloa

miuRebeli

iyos

sxvisTvis

68

``me``-Setyobineba

gulisxmobs: ``me

adamiani var da

iseve, rogorc

yvela adamians,

maqvs problemebi

da grZnobebi``

miuRebelia, es pirvel rigSi Tqveni problemaa; es Tqven xarT

SeSfoTebuli, gabrazebuli, nawyeni, imedgacruebuli,

SeSinebuli da sxva. Sesabamisad, Setyobinebis dawyeba sityviT

“Tqven” gaugebaricaa.

davuSvaT, megobarma droulad ar dagibrunaT Tqvengan

naTxovari saxelmZRvanelo. aman wyobidan gamogiyvanaT,

radganac saswrafod dagWirdaT es wigni da uamravi dro

dakargeT mis mopovebaze. am situaciaSi swori kodi iqneboda:

“Zalian vnerviulob, rodesac saxelmZRvanelos uqonlobis

gamo gakveTilebis momzadebaze amdeni dro mekargeba “.

aRsaniSnavia, rom Setyobineba “me-s” Seicavs da ara “Tqven-s”

da amas urTierTobaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs. yovelTvis,

rodesac adamianTan urTierTobaSi problema SegeqmnebaT,

umjobesia mas “me” – Setyobinebis kodi gaugzavnoT,

magaliTad: “imedgacruebuli var, rodesac piroba ar

sruldeba”, “ver vitan, rodesac sityvas mawyvetineben”,

“vRelav, rodesac dro ikargeba” da sxv.

“Tqven” - Setyobineba sxvebs exeba da arafers ambobs imis

grZnobebze, visac realurad aqvs problema. aseT dros, faqtiurad,

pasuxismgeblobis sxvaze gadatana, gadabraleba xdeba.

“me” - Setyobineba garSemo myof adamianebTan Ria, gulwrfeli

(patiosani) da pirdapiri urTierTobis damyarebas niSnavs.

swored amaSia “me” - Setyobinebis Zala. igi gulisxmobs, rom “me

adamiani var da iseve, rogorc yvela adamians maqvs problemebi

da grZnobebi”. garkveulwilad, “me” - Setyobineba Txovnaa

daxmarebis Sesaxeb da am TxovniT swored im pirovnebas

mimarTavT, visTanac es problema uSualodaa dakavSirebuli.

yvelasaTvis cnobilia, Tu ra Znelia ar miiRo mxedvelobaSi

amgvari momarTva.

„me” - Setyobinebis Semadgeneli

elementebi

albaT gqoniaT SemTxveva, rodesac adamians uTqvavs Tu ras

ganicdis da meti araferi daumatebia. magaliTad:

“Senze gabrazebuli var”

“imedgacruebuli var”

“Zalian Sewuxebuli var”

“nawyeni var”

amgvari cnobebi gvabnevs, gvaocebs da pirveli reaqcia

SekiTxvis dasmaa – “ki magram, ratom xar gabrazebuli

(imedgacruebuli, Sewuxebuli an nawyeni)?” an - “ra Cavidine?”.

sakmarisi ar aris, mxolod is vuTxraT adamians, Tu ras

vgrZnobT (gansakuTrebiT dapirispirebis dros). es aris “me

Setyobinebis” mxolod erTi komponenti. srulfasovani “me

Setyobineba” ki sami komponentisgan Sedeba:

(1) Tqveni grZnobebi

(2) qceva (faqti), romelic miuRebelia TqvenTvis

(3) am qcevis konkretuli da TvalsaCino gavlena Tqvenze

(Sedegebi).

imisaTvis, rom adamianma zustad gaigos, ra iwvevs Tqvens

uaryofiT grZnobebs, mas gasagebad unda SeatyobinoT im qcevis

an faqtis Sesaxeb, romlis miRebac Tqven ar SegiZliaT.

aucilebelia, rom grZnobebi naTlad da gulwrfelad

gamoxatoT, arc moakloT da arc daamatoT simZafre. da bolos,

SegiZliaT mesame elementic daamatoT – qcevis Tu faqtis

konkretuli gavlena Tqvenze (an misi Sedegebi). amiT Tqven

arwmunebT adamians, rom Tqveni emociebi safuZvels moklebuli

ar aris da misi qceva Tqvens cxovrebaze konkretul da

xelSesaxeb uaryofiT zemoqmedebas axdens.

amgvarad, “me-Setyobineba” Semdegi formulis saxiT SeiZleba

gamovxatoT:

“me”-Setyobineba = qceva + grZnoba + gavlena

amasTan Tanmimdevrobas mniSvneloba ara aqvs.

Tavidan, rodesac am formulis gamoyenebas ecdebiT, SesaZloa

cota uxerxulad da pedantad igrZnoT Tavi, magram TandaTan

Tqveni Setyobinebebi sul ufro bunebrivi gaxdeba.

ra xdeba, rodesac “me” - Setyobinebas

agzavniT?

Tqven gsurT, rom “me Setyobinebis” gamoyenebiT sxva adamians

misi qceva SeacvlevinoT, magram unda gaxsovdeT, rom amgvari

``me`` -

Setyobineba

aris Txovna

daxmarebis

Sesaxeb da

swored amaSia

misi Zala

70

adamianTa

umetesoba

dadebiTad

reagirebs

gulwrfel

Txovnaze da

ara

pretenziebze,

muqaraze, mza

gadawyvetilebebze,

an Wkuis

darigebebze

Setyobineba cvlilebis procesis mxolod pirveli (da Zalian

mniSvnelovani) nabijia, romelic Semdgomi urTierTobis

xasiaTsa da mis efeqturobas ganapirobebs.

vis aqvs problema?

nu daiviwyebT, rom problema gaqvT Tqven da ara im adamians,

romlis qcevis Secvlac gadawyviteT. mas araviTari problema

ara aqvs, igi ubralod sakuTari moTxovnilebebis

dakmayofilebisaTvis zrunavs, rasac konkretuli qceviT

axorcielebs. amis gamo Tqven ver usayvedurebT adamians.

Tumca, sruli ufleba gaqvT “gabrazdeT” imis gamo, rom

problema SegeqmnaT da Tqveni emocia “me Setyobinebis”

saSualebiT, sayveduris gareSe gamoxatoT.

bolo sityva Tqvenze ar aris

Tqveni nebaa da pasuxismgeblobac, rom sakuTari problemisa

da emociis Sesaxeb meore adamians SeatyobinoT, magram

gadawyvetileba misi qcevis Secvlis Taobaze am ukanasknelis

misaRebia; aq pasuxismgebloba ukve masze gadadis. “me”-

Setyobineba arafers eubneba adamians imis Taobaze, Tu ra an

rogor unda Secvalos; is ufro daxmarebis Txovnaa, vidre

raimes moTxovna da swored amaSia misi Zala. adamianTa

umetesoba dadebiTad reagirebs gulwrfel Txovnaze da ara

pretenziebze, muqaraze, mza gadawyvetilebaze, an Wkuis

darigebaze.

ogor

gamovxatoT

grZnobebi ise,

rom adamianebs

ar vawyeninoT

ar isaubroT zogadad. rodesac Tqvens gancdas aRwerT,

SeecadeT rac SeiZleba konkretuli iyoT. Tu ori sityviT

ityviT, rom Tqven cud xasiaTze xarT – es Zalian zogadi da

bundovani iqneba. ras niSnavs “cud xasiaTze”?. gaRizianebuli?

ganrisxebuli? SeSinebuli? mowyenili? ganawyenebuli?

martosuli? aRelvebuli? am sityvebis gagebis uamravi

varianti arsebobs.

daakonkreteT Tqveni grZnobebis xarisxi. amiT Tqven

gaugebrobis albaTobas SeamcirebT. magaliTad, xSirad vambobT

xolme - “Zalian gavbrazdi!” viRacisTvis, es SeiZleba ukidures

ganrisxebas niSnavdes, maSin rodesac avtori sinamdvileSi

gaRizianebas gulisxmobs.

Tu Tqven “gaorebuli” grZnoba gaqvT adamianis mimarT,

gamoxateT TiToeuli maTgani da auxseniT adamians, Tu

ratom aRmocenda is TqvenSi. magaliTad: “Sens

moqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT gaorebuli grZnoba miCndeba.

erTis mxriv, mixaria da Zalian madlobeli var Seni, radgan

damexmare, magram meores mxriv, ar momewona Seni komentari Cems

naTqvamTan dakavSirebiT. aman gamaRiziana.”

72

``me`` -

Setyobinebebi

dagexmarebaT

gamoxatoT

grZnobebi

pirovnebis

mimarT, mis

TviT-Sefasebaze

Tavdasxmis

gareSe

me – Setyobinebebi dagexmarebaT:

· gamoxatoT grZnobebi pirovnebis mimarT, mis TviT-

Sefasebaze Tavdasxmis gareSe;

· rodesac viRacis qceva ar mogwonT, daupirispirdeT mas

Seuracxyofis gareSe;

· zustad ganumartoT Tqveni gancda (grZnoba) rogorc sxvas,

aseve sakuTar Tavsac;

· ar gaazviadoT sakuTari grZnobebi da amiT ar gazardoT

problemis realuri masStabi;

· gamoxatoT rTuli grZnobebi ise, rom adamians Seumcirdes

Tavdacvis survili da moematos mosmenis survili.

“me” – Setyobinebis xerxis pirvelad gamoyenebisas sakuTari

saubari tlanqi da gaumarTavi mogeCvenebaT. magram gaxsovdeT,

rom varjiSis da regularuli gamoyenebis Sedegad “me” –

Setyobineba CvevaSi gadava da misi meSveobiT grZnobebis

gamoxatva Zalian gagiadvildebaT.

“me” – Setyobinebis ramdenime magaliTi:

v rodesac Sen samuSao dros piradi saqmeebis mosagvareblad

iyeneb da Cems mier mocemul saswrafo samuSaos ar asruleb,

Zalian vnerviulob. Cemi survilia, jer samuSao daasrulo

da Semdeg mixedo pirad saqmeebs.

v veRar vaxerxeb koncentrirebas saqmeze, rodesac usasrulod

modixar da raRaceebs mekiTxebi. es ar momwons da Zalian gTxov,

Tu saswrafo araferia, nu mawyvetineb azrs muSaobis dros.

v Zalian mirTuldeba sisufTavis SenarCuneba, rodesac yvela

Seni nivTi mobneulia oTaxSi. mere mTeli dRe dalagebaSi

var, saSinlad viRlebi da cud xasiaTze vdgebi. kargi

iqneboda, Tu sakuTar tansacmels mouvlidi da Sens Semdeg

darCenil nagavs sanagveSi gadayridi.

v Zalian mawuxebs, rom Seni gauTavebeli romanebi xels giSlis

swavlaSi. minda, rom ukeT mpasuxobde gakveTilebze, radgan

Sen es namdvilad SegiZlia.

“gadarTvis” mniSvneloba

zogjer, adamianisTvis raRacis Secvla usiamovnod ganicdeba,

amitomac, “me Setyobinebaze” SeiZleba SiSiT, braziT, bodiSebiT

an jiutobiT reagirebdes.

ganvixiloT ori magaliTi:

maiko da Tea erTad amzadebdnen gakveTilebs. maT saqmis

gaadvileba undodaT da maTematikis davaleba gadainawiles.

maiko: “Zalian gavbrazdi, rodesac Sens mier Sesrulebul

maTematikis davalebaSi Secdomebi aRmovaCine. Sengan

gadaumowmeblad mqonda gadawerili da uxerxul

mdgomareobaSi Cavvardi maswavlebelTan”.

Tea: “Sen ise geCqareboda diskoTekaze, rom veRar SevZeli Cemi

gamoTvlebis gadamowmeba!”.

am situaciaSi, “me” - Setyobinebis sapasuxod braldeba modis.

amgvari SewinaaRmdegebis pirobebSi “me” – Setyobinebis

gamoyenebas azri aRar aqvs. amitom, umjobesia rac SeiZleba

swrafad gadaverToT aqtiur mosmenaze:

maiko: “ese igi, drois simciris gamo ver SeZeli davalebis

gadamowmeba?”

mosaubris rolidan msmenelis rolSi amgvar gadasvlas

“gadarTva” ewodeba. gadarTva, anu kidev erTi xerxis

gamoyeneba urTierTobaSi, pozitiuri muxtis SenarCunebasa da

am urTierTobis warmatebul ganviTarebaSi dagexmarebaT.

“gadarTvis” xerxis gamoyenebis Sedegad:

1.adamiani rwmundeba, rom Tqven gaigeT da aRiareT misi

pozicia, misi grZnobebi, mosazrebebi (gageba da aRiareba

ar niSnavs daTanxmebas). Sedegad, isic ganewyoba da mzad

iqneba gaigos da aRiaros Tqveni pozicia da grZnobebis

(man me momismina, modi axla me movusmen mas).

2.mosaubris emociuri reaqcia neldeba - SeSfoTeba,

uxerxuloba, brazi qreba. am fonze gacilebiT ufro

advilia, rogorc misi qcevis Secvla, aseve arsebuli

problemis erToblivi mogvareba (me man momismina da

gamigo, igi namdvili megobaria, Cven erTad

gamovasworebT am SemTxvevas).

3.amgvari urTierToba cvlilebebs Tavad CvenSic da Cvens

damokidebulebaSi iwvevs. Tu adre sxvisi qceva

miuRebeli iyo, axla igi SesaZloa, savsebiT misaRebi

gaxdes. (axla gasagebia, Tu ratom gagepara Secdomebi -

Sen ubralod ver moaswari Sesrulebuli davalebis

gadamowmeba!).

nu gamoxatavT

pirovnebis

mimarT

uaryofiT

grZnobebs da

nu gansjiT

mas

74

asertiuloba

erT-erTi

strategiaa,

romelsac

menejerebi

TavianTi

gavlenis

gazrdis mizniT

iyeneben

asertiuloba

asertiuloba – urTierTobisa da konfliqtis marTvis erTerTi

umniSvnelovanesi unar-Cvevaa. sam sxvadasxva qveyanaSi

Catarebulma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom asertiuloba erT-erTi

dominanturi strategiaa, romelsac menejerebi sxva

strategiebTan erTad (rogorebicaa keTilganwyobili da

gonieri damokidebuleba, koaliciebis Seqmna, avtoritetis

moSvelieba, sanqciebi da vaWroba), TavianTi gavlenis gazrdis

mizniT iyeneben.

sanam asertiuli qcevis daxasiaTebaze gadavalT, modiT

mokled aRvweroT qcevis danarCeni sami tipi – pasiuri,

agresiuli da pasiur-agresiuli – romlebsac adamiani

konfliqtur situaciebSi axorcielebs.

1. pasiuri qceva sakuTari Tavis (miznebis, interesebis)

ugulvebelyofas, upativcemlobas emyareba. pasiuri qcevis

ganxorcielebisas ar vzrunavT sakuTar uflebebze. adamiani

ar gamoxatavs Tavis survilebsa da grZnobebs.

2. pasiur-agresiuli qceva – emyareba rogorc sakuTari,

aseve sxvaTa interesebis mimarT upativcemlobas. aseTi qcevis

dros irRveva, rogorc sakuTari, aseve sxva adamianis uflebebi.

pasiur-agreciuli qceva gamoixateba sxvaTa dadanaSaulebaSi,

boikotSi, zogjer reaqciis uqonlobaSi, araadeqvatur

sityvier gamosvlebSi.

3. agresiuli qceva – koncentrirebulia sakuTari

interesebisa da moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebaze. igi sxva

adamianis (misi miznebis, interesebis) ugulvebelyofas,

upativcemlobas emyareba; aseTi qceva arRvevs sxva adamianis

uflebebs. xSirad es damsjeli qcevaa. molaparakebebis

magidasTan aseTi qceva sxvadasxva tipis moTxovnebSi

gamoixateba.

qcevis am sami tipisgan gansxvavebiT, asertiuli qceva

rogorc sxva adamianebis, aseve sakuTari uflebebis

pativiscemas emyareba. asertiuloba sakuTari survilebis,

wuxilisa da grZnobebis naTeli da mkafio gamoTqma da “me”-

SetyobinebebiT saubaria.

asertiuloba gvexmareba, rom:

· gvqondes kmayofilebis gancda, rogorc sakuTari Tavis,

aseve meore adamianis mimarT;

· agvimaRldes pativiscema rogorc sakuTari Tavis, aseve

meore adamianis mimarT;

· mivaRwioT CvenTvis sasurvel miznebs;

· warmatebulad gadavlaxoT wamoWrili problemebi.

zogjer, adamiani Tavs aridebs asertiulobas, radgan eSinia

rom is uxeS da ugrZnob pirovnebad ar CaTvalon; an, mas

ubralod ar surs sxvebSi ukmayofilebis grZnobis gamowveva.

sinamdvileSi ki piriqiTaa, asertiuloba gamoricxavs uxeSobas,

an vinmesadmi zianis miyenebas; - igi gulwrfelobas da

urTierTobaze zrunvas emsaxureba.

asertiuli qcevis riski

asertiuli qcevis sargebels, garkveuli riskic sdevs Tan:

a) Tqveni asertiuloba, sxvebs SeiZleba ar moewonoT, an

sworad ver gaigon.

magaliTad, megobarma raRac gTxovaT, Tqven ki uariT

gaistumreT. misi reaqcia sxvadasxvagavari SeiZleba iyos:

· esiamovnos, rom imdenad scemT pativs mas da sakuTar

Tavsac, rom gulwrfelad moeqeciT;

asertiuli qceva

emyareba

rogorc sxva

adamianebis,

aseve sakuTari

uflebebis

pativiscemas

76

· kmayofili darCes, radgan sxva situaciaSi masac

Tavisuflad SeeZleba uaris Tqma;

· gaukvirdes, radgan Tqvengan uars ar eloda;

· imedgacrueba igrZnos, radgan uxerxul mdgomareobaSi

aRmoCnda;

· gabrazdes, radgan fiqrobs, rom uaris Tqmis ufleba ar

gqondaT;

· guli etkinos, radgan CaTvala, rom aRar afasebT,

rogorc megobars;

· ubralod miiRos es uari, yovelgvari Semdgomi fiqris

gareSe.

magram unda gaxsovdeT, rom yvela adamiani unikaluria da

Tqvens naTqvamsa Tu qcevaze didwilad sakuTari xedvidan an

fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare reagirebs. is

negatiuri reaqcia, romelsac Tqveni asertiuli qcevis

sapasuxod miiRebT, sulac ar niSnavs, rom Tqven arasworad

moiqeciT, an cudi adamiani xarT.

b) rodesac sxvis interesebsa da uflebebs iseve icavT,

rogorc sakuTars, SesaZloa TqvenTvis sasurvel mizans

ver miaRwioT.

magaliTad, rodesac mowevis nebarTvas iTxovT da Tanac

agrZnobinebT adamians, rom mas uaris Tqmac SeuZlia, riski

imisa, rom misgan uars miiRebT – sakmaod didia.

g) asertiuli mimarTvis dros, SesaZloa aRmoaCinoT,

rom cdebiT, maSin, roca sxva SemTxvevaSi, Tqvens

simarTleSi iqnebodiT darwmunebuli.

magaliTad, gadawyviteT moiqceT asertiulad da pirdapir

hkiTxeT Tqvens ufross, Tu ras fiqrobs Tqvens namuSevarze.

ufrosma SesaZloa Zalze moulodneli da usiamovno pasuxi

gagceT (magaliTad is, rom Tqven kvalifikacia gakliaT da

amitom dawinaurebis imedi ar unda gqondeT); Tanac, Tqvenive

namuSevris moSveliebiT daamtkicos Tavisi naTqvamis

samarTlianoba.

asertiulis nacvlad agresiuli qceva rom agerCiaT da ar

dainteresebuliyaviT ufrosis komentariT, am mware

simarTles ver gaigebdiT da darwmunebuli iqnebodiT, rom

SesaniSnavaT umklavdebiT Tqvens movaleobebs.

ogorc xedavT, asertiul qcevas Tan axlavs riskis garkveuli

xarisxi, magram misi gazviadebac ar Rirs. adamianebi afaseben

da zogjer, gvemadlierebian kidec, rodesac Cveni qceva

gulwrfeli, pirdapiri da asertiulia. gamoxateT pativiscema

maTi uflebebis, grZnobebisa da azrebis mimarT.

78

sworad

miwodebuli

ukukavSiri

adamianebs

Semdgomi

srulyofis

motivacias

uqmnis

konstruqciuli

ukukavSiris

unar-Cvevebi

adamians yovelTvis ainteresebs, Tu ra STabeWdilebas tovebs

misi esa Tu is saqcieli sxva adamianebSi. komunikaciis iseT

formas, rodesac erTi adamiani sityvierad gamoxatavs

sakuTar STabeWdilebas meore adamianis konkretuli qcevis

Sesaxeb, ukukavSiri ewodeba.

sxva adamianebis qcevis Sesaxeb konstruqciuli da sasargeblo

ukukavSiris miwodeba ioli saqme araa. ukukavSiri

adamianisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan is xels uwyobs

adamianis iseTi sabaziso moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas,

rogoric aris sakuTari Tavis srulyofa da ganviTareba.

koreqtulad miwodebuli ukukavSiri TiTqmis yovelTvis

madlierebis grZnobiT miiReba da adamians Semdgomi srulyofis

motivacias uqmnis. magram aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom arasworad

mowodebuli ukukavSiri, SesaZloa, wyenisa da dapirispirebis

mizezad iqces. ganvixiloT magaliTi:

bavSvma Tavisi oTaxi daalaga da dedas ekiTxeba: “deda, mogwons

rogor davalage?” deda Tvals avlebs oTaxs, moswons

dalagebuli, magram misi yuradReba swored imaze Cerdeba, risi

dawunebac SeiZleba: “logins ufro wesierad undoda

gasworeba!”

moyvanil magaliTSi deda ise iqceva, TiTqos mas gakeTebul

saqmeSi maincdamainc susti wertilis povna da misi gakritikeba

sTxoves. mas, albaT, gulwrfelad sjera, rom azris gamoTqmis

mniSvneloba swored amaSia, xolo is, rom yvelaferi danarCeni

kargadaa gakeTebuli – es xom asec unda iyos, amitom amaze

laparakic aRaraa saWiro.

rogor mivawodoT adamians ukukavSiri ise, rom man amiT

maqsimaluri sargebeli miiRos?

r ukukavSiri unda miewodos adamians maSin, rodesac

igi mas iTxovs. sxva SemTxvevaSi, igi “Tavze moxvevad”

ganicdeba da ufasurdeba (efeqti ar aqvs). kargi variantia

ukukavSiris micema maSin, rodesac adamianma Tavad dasva

SekiTxva da Tqven mogecaT saSualeba, upasuxoT.

r ukukavSiri unda iZleodes imden informacias,

ramdenis gamoyenebac realurad SeuZlia mis mimRebs,

da ara imdens, ramdenis gacemac Cven gvinda. pirovnebis

gadatvirTva ukukavSiriT amcirebs misi efeqturobis

Sanss. rodesac Cven ufro met ukukavSirs vaZlevT, vidre

saWiroa, amiT ufro sakuTar moTxovnilebas

vikmayofilebT, vidre vexmarebiT sxvas.

efeqturi ukukavSiri unda iyos:

r aRweriTi da ara SefasebiTi. pirovnebis Sefaseba da

gansja mis gaRizianebas iwvevs. igi TavdacviT pozicias

ikavebs. Tu adamians etyviT: “Sexvedris ganmavlobaSi

oTxjer Semawyvetine saubari”, da Tu es fraza realobas

Seesabameba, is gacilebiT ukeTesia ukukavSirisTvis, vidre,

magaliTad “saSinlad xmauriani da mousvenari xar”.

aRweriTi msjeloba mxolod aRwers qcevas (“Sen gaakeTe…”),

maSin rodesac SefasebiTi msjeloba iarliyebs akravs (“Sen

xar…”) da ganicdeba, rogorc dadanaSauleba.

r fokusirebuli Tqvens gancdaze da ara pirovnebaze.

“me avReldi da cota gavbrazdi kidec, rodesac Sen meoTxed

Semawyvetine, radgan amis gamo Cemi prezentaciis

SeTanxmebuli ganrigi irRveoda.” efeqturi ukukavSiris am

magaliTSi gamoxatulia misi avtoris grZnobebi da

aRwerilia is obieqturi Sedegebi, rac moyva adamianis

konkretul saqciels.

r konkretuli da ara zogadi. efeqturi ukukavSiris dros

saubaria qcevis specifiur magaliTebze, da ara zogadze.

umjobesia vTqvaT”Sen Sexvedris ganmavlobaSi oTxjer

ukukavSiri

fokusirebulia

qcevaze da ara

pirovnebaze

80

ukukavSiris

mizania

daxmareba da

ara tkivilis

miyeneba

Semawyvetine”, vidre – “Sen yovelTvis awyvetineb adamians”.

rac ufro specifiuri (konkretulia) ukukavSiri, miT

ufro advilia adamanisaTvis mixvdes, Tu ras gulisxmob,

daijeros, rasac ambob, da dagegmos cvlilebis

ganaxorcieleba.

r kontrolirebadi, anu exebodes iseT qcevas, romlis

Secvlac adamians SeuZlia. Tu Cven mas imaze vesaubrebiT

rac mis kontrols ar eqvemdebareba da rasac imTaviTve

naTelia, rom verafers mouxerxebs, pirovneba gawbilebuli

an gulnatkeni rCeba.

r drouli, anu Sesabamisi qcevis Semdeg maleve unda moxdes.

aseT SemTxvevaSi ufro advili gasaxsenebelia rogorc

Tavad qceva, aseve STabeWdileba am qcevis Sesaxeb, romlis

gaziarebac xdeba ukukavSiris dros. mSvenieri ukukavSiri,

magram araSesatyvis dros miwodebuli, usargeblo xdeba da

zogjer zianis momtanic. Tumca, isic sagulisxmoa, rom

ukukavSiris gabrazebul gulze micema sasurveli ar aris.

r dabalansebuli, anu rogorc negatiuri, aseve

pozitiuri komponentis Semcveli. ukukavSiris dros

arsebobs mxolod negatiur terminebSi fiqris tendencia.

ara da, rodesac adamiani xedavs, rom misi qcevis pozitiuri

mxareebi danaxulia da dafasebuli, igi negatiur

ukukavSirsac ufro seriozulad da meti mondomebiT iRebs.

dabalansebuli ukukavSiris miwodebisas idealuria

garkveuli balansirebuli Tanmimdevrobis monaxva.

umjobesia, pozitiuri ukukavSiriT daiwyoT, Semdeg

gadainacvloT negatiurze da kvlav pozitiuriT

daasruloT. dabalansebuli ukukavSiris miRebis Sedegad

adamiani igebs ara mxolod imas, Tu ra unda Secvalos (radgan

ver akeTebs ise, rogorc saWiroa), aramed imasac, Tu ra unda

datovos ucvlelad (radgan gansakuTrebiT kargad

gamosdis).

naTqvamia: “karg mTqmels – kargi gamgone undao”. imisaTvis,

rom ukukavSirma miaRwios mizans, da namdvilad dadebiTi

efeqti moaxdinos mis mimRebze, am ukanasknelmac unda

gaiTvaliswinos zogierTi mniSvnelovani momenti:

r dainteresdes da daadginos, Tu ra STabeWdileba

moaxdina misma qmedebam. adamianebi yovelTvis ver

riskaven, rom giTxran, Tu ra azrisa arian Tqvens saqcielze

(Tu rogor imoqmeda maTze Tqvenma qcevam). amitom, saWiroa

SeekiTxoT maT, raTa miiRoT TqvenTvis Zalze faseuli

informacia. es sulac ar niSnavs, rom Tavi unda moabezroT

yvelas gauTavebeli SekiTxvebiT. saubaria imaze, rom ar

gauSvaT xelidan saintereso da sasargeblo informaciis

miRebis Sansi. dasviT kiTxva, romelic am informaciis

mopovebaSi dagexmarebaT.

r mousminos da ar iyos gafantuli, radgan ukukavSiris

efeqturoba mosmenas da gagebas emyareba. ukukavSiris

mosmenisas moaxdineT naTqvamze koncentrireba,

yuradRebiT mousmineT da SeecadeT kargad gaigoT

gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebi (miuxedavad imisa, eTanxmebiT maT,

Tu ara).

r gadaamowmos miRebuli informacia, darwmundes, rom

yvelaferi sworad gaigo. Cveni subieqturi realobebidan

gamomdinare, SesaZloa gansxvavebulad gvesmodes naTqvami.

amgvari Secdomis Tavidan asacileblad gamoiyeneT

aqtiuri mosmena da darwmundiT, rom ukukavSiris mosmenis

Sedegad gaigeT zustad is, rasac gulisxmobda Tqveni

mosaubre.

r ar daiwyos Tavis marTleba - ukukavSiris miRebisas es

gavrcelebuli Secdomaa. sakuTari qcevis axsna,

gamarTleba an dacva mxolod ukuefeqts iZleva. aseT dros

axsna-ganmartebebi sruliad uadgiloa, radgan

ukukavSiris mizani daxmarebaa da ara mizezebis analizi.

umjobesia dasvaT kiTxvebi, sTxovoT mosaubres, rom man

konkretuli magaliTebi moitanos. amgvari SekiTxvebis

dasmisas mniSvnelovania, rom maTSi gamowveva an Tavdacva

ar igrZnobodes. magaliTad, araswori frazaa: “ara mgonia,

rom es ase yofiliyo. konkretuli magaliTi damisaxeleT,

rodis moxda is, razec Tqven saubrobT!” gacilebiT ukeT

JRers: “Zalian damexmarebiT, Tuki raime konkretul

magaliTs damisaxelebT, ase ufro gamiadvildeba gavigo,

Tu ras gulisxmobT Tqvens naTqvamSi”.

ukukavSiri

unda exebodes

iseT qcevas,

romlis Secvlac

adamians SeuZlia

araverbaluri

komunikacia

aba, scadeT da ramdenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi dadumdiT. im

SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac Tqven saerTod ar moZraobT, garSemo

myof adamianebs raRacas mainc atyobinebT – aRSfoTebas,

sixaruls, sijiutes, wyenas an sxva Tqvens damokidebulebasa,

Tu emocias. Cven yovelTvis vatyobinebT irgvliv myof

adamianebs raimes - sityvierad, an usityvod - araverbalurad.

sxeulis ena uZvelesia, radgan misi saSualebiT adamiani jer

kidev maSin urTierTobda, rodesac ar arsebobda metyveleba.

amitomaa, rom Cven is gvesmis da gansakuTrebulad vendobiT.

iqneb, gaixsenoT da CainiSnoT sxeulis enis, TqvenTvis cnobili,

ramodenime signali:

_

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ufro xSirad, adamianebi laparakoben imaze, Tu ras fiqroben,

vidre imaze, Tu ras grZnoben. samagierod, is rasac ar

gamoTqvamen (grZnobebi, emociebi) – “saxeze aweriaT”. Tu

kargad davakvirdebiT da sworad gavigebT sxeulis enas, bevr

sainteresos SevityobT sxvaTa grZnobebis Sesaxeb.

zogierTi adamiani, araverbaluri signalebis dafarvas,

sxeulis enis SeniRbvas cdilobs. aseTma “niRabma”, SeiZleba,

Zalian cudi samsaxuri gauwios mis patrons, Seaferxos misTvis

sworad gagebuli

sxeulis ena

sakmao

informacias

gvawvdis

adamianis

grZnobebis

Sesaxeb

84

sasurveli urTierTobis ganviTareba da sxva adamianebTan

daaxloveba. zogjer piriqiTac xdeba – adamians uWirs

grZnobebis dafarva, igi ver akontrolebs pozas, Jests, mimikas,

gansakuTrebiT ki im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac emocia moeZaleba.

adamianis sxeulis enis interpretireba aucileblad unda

iTvaliswinebdes misi cxovrebis stils, ojaxs, kulturul

Taviseburebebs da sxva faqtorebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT

sxeulis enaze iqonion gavlena. TiToeul adamians Jestebis

sakuTari SezRuduli repertuari gaaCnia. zogjer, igi

konkretuli grnobebis gamosaxatavad erTsa da igive Jestebs

iyenebs. SesaZloa, Jestebi garkveul kombinacias qmnides, da

Sesabamisad, erTi calke aRebuli Jesti bevrs arafers

niSnavdes. aseve, igive Jesti sxva JestebTan kombinaciaSi,

SesaZloa, ukve sakmaod naTlad adasturebdes garkveul

grZnobas, an ganwyobas.

rogor gamoixateba sxeulis eniT zogierTi

grZnoba?

gulaxdiloba, ndoba

Þ xelebi gaSlili, xelisgulebiT zemoTken

Þ pijakis gaxda, Rilebis Sexsna (kacebSi)

Þ Tvalis gasworeba

Þ Rimili, mosaubrisken gadaxra

Þ xelebi saxes ar faravs

Þ adamiani gamarTulia, fexebi odnav daSorebulia, mxrebi

gaSlili

Þ taSis dakvra xelisgulebiT

TanamSromloba, mzaoba

Þ dgomis dros xelebi TeZoze, fexebi gaSlilad, Tavi odnav

daxrili

Þ fexebi gadajvaredinebuli ar aris

Þ pirovneba meorisaken iwevs

Þ Sexsnili pijaki (kacebSi)

Þ Tvalebis moWutva, an xamxami

Þ gaSlili xelebi da xelisgulebi zemoT

Þ misalmeba xelis CamorTmeviT

Þ Rimili

Þ Tvalebis kontaqti

Þ xelebis “fSvneta” raime sasiamovnos molodinSi

Þ xelis mitana gulmkerdTan kacebSi loialobas aRniSnavs

(qalebSi es Tavdacvis niSania)

Þ Sexeba, xelze Sexeba darwmunebis mizniT

indiferentuloba, mobezreba

Þ fexi skamis saxelurzea gadakidebuli

Þ kakuni (riTmuli)

Þ gadajvaredinebuli fexebi

Þ erTi fexis rxeva (qalebSi)

Þ gasasvlelisken gaxedva, sxeulis Sebruneba

Þ gaunZrevlad jdoma da Tvalis gaStereba

Þ mTqnareba

Þ xeliT saxis daWera da quTuToebis daSveba

Þ skamze qanaoba

interesi

Þ rodenis “moazrovnis” poza (xeli loyasTan)

Þ Tvalebis xamxami, an moWutva

Þ nikapis sresa

Þ zeda tuCze xeliT Sexeba

Þ win (pozitiuri interesi), an ukan (negatiuri interesi)

gadaxra

Þ Tavis daxra da yuris “moSvera”

Þ fanqris, an saTvalis yuris kbilebiT wvaleba

Þ aweuli warbebi

Þ tuCebis galokva

Þ cxviris SeWmuxvna

Þ Tavis mofxana

Þ TmebSi xelebis Cargva

meryeoba

Þ xeli afarebuli cxvirze

Þ daxuWuli Tvalebi

Þ aweuli warbebi

Þ SeWmuxnuli Subli

Þ moRuSva

Þ Tvalebis sresva

Þ bolTis cema, xelebi gadatanili zurgs ukan

eWvi da gulCaTxrobiloba

Þ mosaubrisgan ukan gaweva (meti distanciis dakaveba)

Þ xelebis mkerdze dawyoba (jvaredinad)

Þ cxviris fxana

Þ Tvalis arideba

86

Þ xelebis pirze afareba

Þ moRuSva

Þ gverdze yureba, an malulad yureba

Þ iatakis daTvaliereba

Þ tuCebis dasveleba

Þ Caxveleba

Þ nerwyvis xSiri ylapva

SfoTva

Þ frCxilebis “kvneta”

Þ TiTebis moZraoba

Þ xvneSa

Þ xelebis dagrexva

Þ swrafi da nervuli moZraobebi

Þ Caxveleba

Þ mZime sunTqva

Þ xmis daZabva

Þ Tvalebis swrafi moZraoba

Þ raimes ReWva

Þ TiTebis gadajvaredineba

gawbileba da risxva

Þ muStebis Sekvra

Þ xelebis Semodeba TeZoebze

Þ fexebis bakuni

Þ skamis kideze jdoma (reagirebisTvis mzaoba)

Þ win waweuli nikapi

Þ fexsacmlis wveris iatakze mirtyma

Þ tuCebi mokumuli, ybebis kunTebi daZabuli

Þ kisris ukana nawilis mosresva

Þ xelebi jibeebSi

Þ sigaretis amoReba, ganskuTrebiT misi TiTebiT sresa da

triali

Þ saxeze feris cvalebadoba

Þ mtruli gamoxedva

TviTkontroli, Sinagani konfliqti

Þ xeli Cavlebuli meore xelis majaze, an mklavze

Þ xelebi gadatanili zurgs ukan da TiTebi gadajaWvuli

Þ mWidrod SeerTebuli muxlebi

Þ skamis saxelurebze moWideba

Þ pirze afarebuli xeli (SiSis, an gaocebis niSnad)

Þ TmebSi TiTebis gatareba

Þ cremlebis damalva xvelebiT, an cxviris moxocviT

dominireba

Þ sakuTari Tavis “amaRleba” (dgoma, rodesac sxvebi sxedan)

Þ jgufSi yofnisas gansxvavebuli pozis miReba

(gansakuTrebiT xelebi Tavs ukan)

Þ xelebi, gadatanili skamis ukan

Þ skamze moxerxebulad jdoma

Þ gaSlili xelebiT dgoma

Þ xmamaRali saubari

Þ xmadabali, magram uaRresad mkafio saubari

araverbaluri ileTebi komunikaciis

gasaumjobeseblad

n saubrisas komfortulad moewyeT. arc Zalian axlos yofnaa

saWiro mosaubresTan da arc zedmetad Sors. daZabuloba

moixseniT da yuradReba moikribeT.

n imisaTvis, rom mosaubre Tqvendami keTilad ganawyoT, odnav

win gadaixareT. nu moixrebiT mxrebSi da nu gaSeSdebiT

umoZraod.

n SeecadeT, rom mosaubresTan vizualuri kontaqti

SeinarCunoT, magram nu miaSterdebiT mas. aseve nurc

gverdebze yurebas daiwyebT.

n sanam Tqveni partniori saubrobs, SeecadeT araverbaluri

Setyobineba miawodoT mas – sakmarisia ubralod Tavi

dauqnioT Tanxmobis niSnad.

n ecadeT, rom Jestebi, saubarTan SedarebiT, wina planze ar

gamodiodes.

n Tqveni saubris siCqare saSualo, an saSualoze odnav ufro

neli unda iyos. Tqvens saubarSi mouTmenloba, an

daurwmunebloba ar unda JRerdes. gaakontroleT Tqveni

xmis toni. nu isaubrebT civad da xistad. metyveleba

garkveuli unda iyos – arc Zalian xmamaRali, arc Zalian

xmadabali.

n gaiRimeT, rodesac es saWiroa, moiqeciT bunebrivad.

saubris dros SeinarCuneT sifxizle. Tvalebis daxuWva, an

mTqnareba komunikacias aferxebs.

Jestebi ar

unda

gamodiodes

wina planze

saubarTan

SedarebiT

88

efeqturi

komunikacia

myardeba maSin,

rodesac

mimRebi zustad

ise igebs

Setyobinebas,

rogorc es

Setyobinebis

gamgzavnma

ganizraxa

efeqturi

mosmena

RmerTma admians ori yuri da erTi piri imitom misca,

rom mosmena orjer ufro rTulia, vidre laparaki.

ucnobi avtori

Cveni survilebis, grZnobebis, azrebisa da Sexedulebebis

garkveviT da efeqturad gamoxatva komunikaciis procesis

mxolod erTi naxevaria. meore naxevari, sxvaTa naambobis

mosmenasa da gagebas moicavs.

Cven ukve visaubreT am wignis wina furclebze, rom rodesac

adamiani urTierTobis procesSi erTveba, igi Tavisi

SetyobinebisTvis Sesabamis (da misi azriT yvelaze efeqtur)

kods irCevs. Setyobinebis gasagzavni kodi SeiZleba sityvieri

(verbaluri) iyos, an - usityvo (araverbaluri). rodesac meore

adamiani kodirebul Setyobinebas miiRebs, is mis dekodirebas

(interpretirebas) iwyebs, raTa misi mniSvneloba gaigos.

or adamians Soris efeqturi komunikacia maSin myardeba,

rodesac mimRebi zustad iseve igebs Setyobinebas (zustad iseve

akeTebs Setyobinebis dekodirebas, anu interpretacias),

rogorc es Setyobinebis gamgzavnma ganizraxa.

ogor SeuZlia mosaubres komunikaciis

procesis garTuleba?

komunikaciis procesi rTuldeba, rodesac mosaubre:

§ Zalze dabali xmiT saubrobs;

§ bevr umniSvnelo detalze, an erTbaSad ramdenime sakiTxze

laparakobs;

§ laparakisas ibneva, azrs kargavs, naTqvams da zogadad

saubris daniSnulebas iviwyebs;

§ iyenebs saubris Temis araSesatyvis araverbalur

elementebs (magaliTad iRimeba maSin, rodesac

sinamdvileSi nawyeni, an ganrisxebulia);

§ zedmet yuradRebas aqcevs imas, Tu rogor usmenT da

rogor reagirebT mis naTqvamze;

§ informaciis gadmosacemad Zalian Tavisebur,

aratradiciul meTodebs iyenebs

rogor SeuZlia msmenels komunikaciis

procesis garTuleba?

komunikaciis procesi rTuldeba, rodesac msmeneli:

§ garTulia, an dakavebulia Tavisi saqmiT da ar usmens

mosaubres;

§ imdenadaa dainteresebuli saubriT, rom sabolood

mosaubres uwevs misi mosmena;

§ ismens mxolod im mizniT, rom mosaubris naTqvami rogorme

gaabaTilos;

§ axdens mosaubris Sefasebas da gansjas

§ ar iTxovs ganmartebebs, maSinac ki, rodesac grZnobs, rom

naTqvams ver igebs

mosmenis sami ZiriTadi saxeoba

1. konfrontaciuli mosmena

iwyeba maSin, rodesac Cven sakuTari Tvalsazrisis warmoCena

ufro gvainteresebs, vidre sxvisi Sexedulebis gageba. aseT

SemTxvevaSi, Cven an mxolod imisaTvis vusmenT, rom daviWiroT

xelsayreli momenti da iniciativa Cvens xelSi CavigdoT, an

efeqturi

mosmena igivea,

rac sinamdvilis

sxva adamianis

TvalebiT

danaxva

90

nu reagirebT

mxolod da

mxolod

sityvebis

mniSvnelobaze;

eZebeT maT

miRma grZnobebi,

survili, an

ganzraxva

imisTvis, rom mosaubris naTqvamSi Secdomebi, susti wertilebi

vipovoT da masze ieriSi mivitanoT. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,

konfrontaciuli mosmenis dros yuradRebiani msmenelis rols

vTamaSobT, sinamdvileSi ki SetevisaTvis mosaxerxebel moments

velodebiT da mosaubris dasamarcxebel argumentebs

viazrebT.

2. pasiuri, anu yuradRebiani mosmena

am dros gulwrfelad gvainteresebs mosaubris azrebi da

Sexedulebebi da vcdilobT movusminoT da gavigoT, Tu ras

ambobs. wynarad (pasiurad) da yuradRebiT vismenT mis naTqvams.

am dros vTvliT (vvaraudobT), rom yvelaferi sworad

movismineT da gavigeT da raRa Tqma unda, azradac ar mogvdis

mosmenili informaciis sisworis gadamowmeba.

3. aqtiuri, an arekvliTi mosmena

mosmenis yvelaze mniSvnelovani da sasargeblo tipi aqtiuri

mosmenaa. aqtiuri mosmenisas Cven gulwrfelad gvsurs gavigoT,

Tu ras fiqrobs, grZnobs, an ra unda im adamians, romelic

gvesaubreba. magram manam, sanam mas sapasuxo SetyobinebiT

gamovexmaurebodeT, vcdilobT gadavamowmoT, sworad gavigeT

Tu ara misi naTqvami. amisaTvis, vaxdenT misi naTqvamis

perefrazirebas, anu Cveni sityvebiT vimeorebT mis naTqvams

ise, rogorc gavigeT. faqtiurad Cven vaxdenT Setyobinebis

erTgvar “arekvlas” da mosaubrisaTvis “dabrunebas”, misi

sisworis Semowmebis mizniT. swored es procesi, anu ukukavSiri

aris is, rac aqtiur mosmenas sxva tipis mosmenisagan

ganasxvavebs da efeqturs xdis mas.

arsebobs realuri gansxvaveba sityvebis mosmenasa da maTSi

kodirebuli Setyobinebis gagebas Soris. rodesac efeqturad

vusmenT, vigebT imas, Tu ras grZnobs, an fiqrobs adamiani. es

igivea, rac sinamdvilis misi TvalebiT danaxva. Cveni sakuTari

Tvalsazrisi, SesaZloa, gansxvavebuli iyos misi azrisgan da

Cven ar veTanxmebodeT am adamians, magram mosmenisas saWiroa,

rom swored misi xedvis gageba SegveZlos. efeqturi

mosmenisaTvis, komunikaciis procesSi aqtiuri Cabmaa

aucilebeli da ara mxolod pasiuri mosmena.

Cveulebriv, Cveni sapasuxo reagireba imazea damokidebuli, Tu

rogor gavigeT esa Tu is Setyobineba. gaugebroba swored maSin

xdeba, rodesac misi arsebobis Sesaxeb arc ki vvaraudobT xolme.

aqtiuri mosmena, imis saSualebas gvaZlevs, rom Seqmnili

gaugebroba dauyovnebliv iyos amocnobili da garkveuli.

aqtiur mosmenis ramdenime dadebiTi momenti:

§ zogjer, adamians mxolod is sWirdeba, rom vinmem mousminos

da aRiaros misi azri da Sexeduleba. mogvianebiT, igi

SesaZloa, alternatiuli mosazrebis gaziarebaze, an

sakuTari poziciis Serbilebazec dagvTanxmdes;

§ adamians uadvildeba meore adamianis mosmena da misi

poziciis gaTvaliswineba, Tuki icis, rom meore adamianic

igives akeTebs (anu usmens da iTvaliswinebs mis pozicias);

§ aqtiuri mosmena, adamianebs im sferoebis povnaSi exmareba,

romelSic isini advilad Tanxmdebian. amis Semdeg,

uTanxmoebac ufro mcire Cans da Semdgomi muSaobac

advildeba;

§ didi mniSvneloba aqvs mosaubris Sexedulebis zust wvdomas.

es masac daanaxebs sakuTari poziciis sust mxareebsa da

Secdomebs;

§ analogiurad, Tu Cven kargad gvesmis meore adamianis

Tvalsazrisi, ufro advilad vipoviT sakuTari poziciis

sust mxareebsa da Secdomebs.

rCevebi efeqturi mosmenisaTvis

efeqturi mosmenisTvis mniSvnelovania, movaxdinoT mosmenili

Setyobinebis perefrazireba, anu sakuTari sityvebiT gameoreba.

sityva-sityviT (TuTiyuSiviT) gameoreba gamaRizianebelia,

magram zogjer, gansakuTrebiT ki situaciaSi, sadac sizuste

Zalian mniSvnelovania, esec dagvWirdeba.

imis mixedviT, Tu ra mizani aqvs yovel konkretul

urTierTobas, da ras CaTvliT ama Tu im SemTxvevaSi saWirod,

SegiZliaT moisminoT da mosaubres pasuxad “daubrunoT” mis

mier gadmocemuli:

§ faqtebis CamonaTvali

§ azrebi da rwmenebi

§ grZnobebi da emociebi

§ survilebi, moTxovnilebebi, an motivacia

§ imedebi da molodinebi

nu moaxdenT reagirebas mxolod da mxolod sityvebis

mniSvnelobaze, eZebeT maT miRma grZnobebi, survili an

ganzraxva.

nu gansjiT sxva

adamians. pativi

eciT mis

grZnobebsa da

rwmenebs Tqveni

sakuTari

grZnobebis

gaufasurebis

gareSe

92

aqtiuri mosmena

dagexmarebaT

gabrazebul, an

ganawyenebul

adamianTan

saubrisas

Tu xvdebiT, rom araferi gesmiT - uTxariT mosaubres amis

Sesaxeb da sTxoveT sxva sityvebiT gaimeoros Setyobineba, an

gadaamowmeT Tqveni savaraudo STabeWdileba mosmenilis

Tqveneuli variantis SeTavazebiT. gverwmuneT, rom Tu Tqven

arasworad gaigeT raime, mosaubre namdvilad Seecdeba

gaugebrobis gamosworebas.

aqtiuri mosmena, Zalian efeqturia sapasuxo reagirebisas im

SemTxvevaSi, rodesac meore adamiani gabrazebuli an nawyenia

da Tqvens mimarT sakuTari grZnobebis gamoxatvas cdilobs

(TqvenTvis ki masTan urTierToba mniSvnelovania).

mosmenisas gamoiyeneT vizualuri kontaqti da mosmenis

aRmniSvneli Jestebi. nu daiwyebT saaTze yurebas, an oTaxSi

myofi sxva adamianebis da maTi moqmedebebis dakvirvebas.

SexedeT mosaubres, gadaixareT misken da saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi Tanxmobis niSnad Tavi dauqnieT. SeecadeT ar

gamoxatoT mis mimaerT kritikuloba.

moerideT sxva adamianis gansjas. miiReT adamiani iseTi,

rogoric is aris. pativi eciT mis grZnobebsa da rwmenas, Tqveni

sakuTari grZnobebis gaufasurebis, an poziciis daTmobis

gareSe. amasTan gaxsovdeT, rom sulac ar aris aucilebeli, mis

Tvalsazriss eTanxmebodeT.

xarT Tu ara

aqtiuri

msmeneli?

aqtiuri mosmena gacilebiT metia, vidre ubralod yuris

dagdeba. aqtiuri msmeneli komunikaciis yvela signals aqcevs

yuradRebas (verbalursa da araverbalurs). igi usmens sityvebs,

xmis JReradobas, akvirdeba mosaubris mimikasa da Jestebs.

xarT Tu ara aqtiuri msmeneli, rodesac Tqvens megobrebs,

mSoblebs, nacnobebs esaubrebiT? gTavazobT SeamowmoT

sakuTari Tavi martivi testis meSveobiT.

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT qvemoT motanili msjelobebi da

SeafaseT sakuTari Tavi imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad gaqvT esa

Tu is unari an Cveva. Tu aRweril unars regularulad iyenebT

yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, mis gaswvriv 2 qula CawereT. Tu am

unars drodadro mimarTavT - 1 qula. xolo Tu iSviaTad, an

saerTod ar mimarTavT - 0 qula. Tu gsurT, rom Sedegi sando

iyos, kiTxvari gulaxdilad unda SeavsoT. saqmis

gasaadvileblad, warmoidgineT, rom Tavad esaubrebiT vinmes.

magaliTad, TqvenTan movida megobari da gTxovaT, rom misi

ambavi moisminoT . . .

94

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MDPXUL TXOD

SeajameT qulebi? Tu Tqveni jamuri qula 38-s aRemateba -

gilocavT. Tqven kargi mosaubre brZandebiT da aqtiur

mosmenas sakmaod efeqturad iyenebT.

Tu saerTo qula 28-sa da 37-s Sorisaa, Tqven namdvilad iciT

aqtiuri mosmenis xerxebi da maTi gamoyenebac SegiZliaT.

Tumca, am mniSvnelovani komunikaciuri unarebis damatebiTi

praqtika ar gawyendaT.

Tu Tqveni qulebis jami 28-ze naklebia, ar aReldeT. Tqven

yovelTvis SegiZliaT efeqturi komunikaciis Cvevebis

gavarjiSeba (aqtiuri mosmenis unaris CaTvliT).

testi Sedgenilia riCard ensmanis originalur

meTodikaze dayrdnobiT.

96

gavagrZeloT saubari efeqtur mosmenaze. amjerad gvinda

SevaCeroT Tqveni yuradReba imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba am

uaRresad mniSvnelovani unar-Cvevis daufleba da

gaumjobeseba. sanam mosmenis unar-Cvevis gavarjiSebas

daviwyebdeT, saWiroa gaverkveT, Tu ra ZiriTadi komponentebi

Sedis efeqtur mosmenaSi.

efeqturi mosmenis komponentebia:

1.parafrazireba

2.Ria SekiTxvebi

3.grZnobebis asaxva

mosmenis

unaris

gaumjobeseba

1. parafrazireba

parafrazireba - msmenelis mier mosaubris naTqvamis sakuTari

sityvebiT gameorebas niSnavs. magaliTad, mosaubre ambobs: “ra

sisulele gaakeTa anam, im samsaxuridan rom wamovida!” xolo

msmeneli pasuxobs: “Sen ambob, rom mas is samuSao adgili ar unda

daetovebina?” parafrazirebis dros msmeneli cdilobs

gaarkvios, Tu ras gulisxmobda Tavis naTqvamSi mosaubre.

parafrazireba aris sxva pirovnebis naTqvamis gameoreba

sakuTari sityvebiT.

magaliTi:

mosaubre: “saSinlad daviRale erTi da igive raRacis

gameorebiT!”

msmeneli: “Sen Tvli, rom am sakiTxs ar sWirdeba amdeni

ganxilva?”

2. Ria SekiTxvebi

Ria SekiTxvebiT, Cven SegviZlia mosaubre sapasuxod

wavaxalisoT da Tan mokle (“diax”, an “ara”) pasuxebis miRebas

avaridoT Tavi, romlebic, Cveulebriv, daxuruli SekiTxvis

dasmis SemTxvevaSi miiReba .

Ria SekiTxvaze pasuxi sakiTxis Rrmad gaazrebas moiTxovs.

daxuruli SekiTxvis dros es ase ar xdeba. daxurul SekiTxvas

SeuZlia daaCqaros pasuxi maSinac ki, rodesac adamiani mzad ar

aris amisaTvis, radgan “diax” an “ara” pasuxi ar saWiroebs did

gansjasa da fiqrs. Ria SekiTxvis dros ki adamians gaazrebisken,

analizisken vubiZgebT. magaliTad, mosaubre ambobs: “me ar

momwons Cemi samsaxuri”. msmenels SeuZlia dausvas mas Ria

SekiTxva: “ra ar mogwons Sens samsaxurSi”?, an “momiyevi, ras

grZnob da ras fiqrob Sens samsaxurze?”

Ria SekiTxva – es aris SekiTxva, romelic exmareba

adamians gaerkves mosaubris grZnobebSi.

magaliTi:

mosaubre:” me ar momewona es warmodgena!”

msmeneli: “SegiZlia momiyve, ra ar mogewona masSi?”

3. grZnobebis asaxva

grZnobebis asaxva aris msmenelis mier im emociis, an im grZnobis

sityvieri gamoxatva, romelsac, misi azriT, ganicdis mosaubre

raime konkretuli movlenis mimarT. magaliTad, mosaubre

ambobs: “yelSi maqvs amosuli dilidan saRamomde muSaoba!”,

xolo msmeneli pasuxobs: “Tqven ganicdiT, rom xSirad giwevT

samuSao dRis dasrulebis Semdeg darCena da muSaobis

gagrZeleba.”

grZnobis asaxva aqtiuri mosmenis yvelaze rTuli ileTia,

radgan am dros Tqven cdilobT moisminoT da gaigoT ara

mxolod naTqvamis Sinaarsi, aramed is grZnobac, romelic Tan

axlavs am naTqvams. grZnobis asaxvis dros Tqven sarkesaviT

unda ausaxoT mosaubres is emocia, romelic amoikiTxeT mis

naTqvamSi. es raRaciT waagavs parafrazirebas, magram aq Tqven

unda gaumeoroT adamianebs ara is, rasac isini amboben, aramed

is, rasac isini grZnoben. imisaTvis, raTa gaigoT adamianis

grZnobebi, yuradReba unda miaqcioT da daakvirdeT sam rames:

mis sityvebs, xmis tons, da sxeulis enas.

grZnobis asaxvis

dros Tqven

sarkesaviT unda

ausaxoT

mosaubres is

emocia, romelic

amoikiTxeT mis

naTqvamSi

98

mousmineT imas,

rac iTqmeba da

SeecadeT

mixvdeT imas,

rac uTqmeli

rCeba

grZnobis asaxva aris mosaubris grZnobebis Tqveneuli

aRqma, romelic efuZneba mosaubris sityvebs, xmis tonsa

da Jestebs.

magaliTi:

mosaubre: ver vitan, rodesac malodineben!

msmeneli: xmaze gatyob, rom Zalian brazdebi, rodesac dros

gakargvineben.

rogor SeiZleba gaviumjobesoT mosmenis

unari?

r mousmineT yuradRebiT da gulmodgined ise, rom

SegeZloT naTqvamSi kargad garkveva. gulmodgine

mosmenas sakmao Zalisxmeva sWirdeba, radgan unda

moaxerxoT CawvdeT rogorc verbalur, aseve

araverbalur Setyobinebas.

r mosmenisaTvis mzad unda iyoT rogorc fsiqologiurad,

aseve fizikuradac. ecadeT mosmenis dros Tavidan

gandevnoT sxva azrebi. yuradRebiT mosmenas ver

SeZlebT, Tu sakuTari pasuxebis winaswar mofiqrebas

SeecdebiT.

r mosmena Zalze rTulia, rodesac umetes wilad Tqven

saubrobT! nu ilaparakebT Zalian bevrs.

r mousmineT empaTiurad (STagrZnobiT) - SexedeT

situacias mosaubris TvalebiT.

r nu SeawyvetinebT mosaubres.

r mniSvnelovania, ar ayveT stereotipebs – adamianebs

araferi “miaweroT” da ar ivaraudoT winaswar, Tu ra

aris mosalodneli maTgan. amiT mosmenis

tendenciurobas airidebT Tavidan.

r mousmineT imas, rac iTqmeba da SeecadeT mixvdeT imas,

rac uTqmeli rCeba.

r mosaubres saxeSi uyureT, odnav gadaixareT misken, da

daamyareT masTan mxedvelobiTi kontaqti.

a uSlis xels efeqtur mosmenas?

adamiani ar usmens efeqturad, Tu igi mosaubres:

§ gansjis

§ awyvetinebs SekiTxvebiT

§ aZlevs Sefasebas

§ aZlevs gafrTxilebas

§ aanalizebs

§ adanaSaulebs

§ ukiTxavs morals

§ emuqreba

§ dascinis

§ arwmunebs

§ avlens simpaTias

§ moiTxovs

§ akeTebs interpretacias

§ Wkuas aswavlis

§ aZlevs mza gadawyvetilebebs

§ tuqsavs

§ aqebs

§ aZlevs rCevebs

§ akritikebs

§ “ukiTxavs leqcias”

§ awebebs “iarliyebs”

ratom unda gaviumjobesoT mosmenis

unari?

mosmenis unari unda gaviumjobesoT, raTa:

§ SevamsubuqoT mosaubris Zlieri gancdebi

§ viswavloT sxvisi da sakuTari grZnobebis aRiareba

§ vagrZnobinoT adamians, rom masze vzrunavT

§ davanaxoT, rom vzrunavT urTierTobaze Cvens Soris

§ davexmaroT adamians mosmenaSi

§ gavzardoT ndoba Cvendami

§ vagrZnobinoT adamians, rom igi mniSvnelovania da

aRiarebuli

§ davrwmundeT, rom oriveni erTsa da imave “talRaze varT

awyobili”

100

praqtikuli savarjiSo

waikiTxeT qvemoT mocemuli frazebi. upasuxeT TiToeuls an

parafrazirebiT, an Ria SekiTxviT, an grZnobebis asaxviT.

1.Zalian gadaRlili var samuSaoTi, amitom Sens proeqts jer

ver movkideb xels.

2.madlobis erTi sityvac ki aravis wamoscdenia!

3. dabneuli var. mgoni, am saqmes verasdros movrCebi. xom ver

damexmarebodi?

4.sul patara rom viyavi, arasodes vicodi, risi molodini

mqonoda mamaCemisgan. erT dRes igi bednieri da udardeli

iyo, meore dRes ki - ukmayofilo da braziani.

5.yovelTvis viriviT vmuSaob, rom gundis miznebs mivaRwio.

pirdapir daujerebelia, rom sxvebi ase ar iqcevian.

6.ratom veravin igebs CemSi ra xdeba? yvelanairad vcdilob

gavagebino xalxs Cemi grZnobebi, magram araferi gamomdis,

isini mainc gamudmebiT mekamaTebian da mebrZvian.

7.mirCevnia movkvde, vidre Cemi grZnobebi gavamxilo vinmesTan.

_

8.Cems cxovrebaze mxolod me vageb pasuxs. Cems saqmeebSi nu

Caerevi da arc me Caverevi SensaSi.

9.ratom unda momsvloda es maincdamainc me? ra gavakeTe

araworad? ratom gamimeta ase RmerTma?

10.am jgufSi Zalian uxerxulad vgrZnob Tavs. Zalian

Sekrulebi arian erTmaneTTan! meSinia, rom arasodes

mimiReben TavianT rigebSi Cemi vinaobis da Cemi azrebis gamo.

11.meSinia grZnobebis gamomJRavneba. mgonia, rom Tu erTi mainc

gamovuSvi, mere veRar gavCerdebi da SeiZleba zRvramde

mivide.

12.dedaCemi da mamaCemi Cems umcros Zmaze zrunviT ise arian

dakavebulni, rom maTTan misvla meSinia. ara da, Cems

problemebze minda vuambo. Cemi problemebi ki Cemi Zmis

problemebTan SedarebiT umniSvnelo Cans.

13.imdenad uniWo, uvici da maxinji var, rom veravis

Sevuyvardebi.

14.ar jobda, ar davbadebuliyavi? Cems ojaxs aseTi problemebi

ar eqneboda, deda da mama bednierebi iqnebodnen da ar

gaSordebodnen erTmaneTs!

_

101

102

15.minda didi madloba gadagixadoT dResasawaulisTvis,

romelic dabadebis dReze momiwyveT. yvelani Zalian kargebi

da SesaniSnavebi xarT da uzomod miyvarxarT.

mosmenis savarjiSo – roluri TamaSi

Tqven da Tqvens megobars SegiZliaT erTad ivarjiSoT efeqtur

mosmenaSi. ai rogor unda gaakeToT es:

am savarjiSos dros rig-rigobiT xarT xan msmenelis rolSi, xan

mosaubris (anu Tu erT-erTi laparakobs, meore – usmens;

Semdeg rolebi icvleba). mosaubre, qvemoT mocemuli Temebidan

erT-erTs xuTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi anviTarebs. msmeneli ki

efeqturi mosmenis xerxebs iyenebs, cdilobs mosaubres

Sesabamisi “pasuxebi gasces”.

xuTwuTiani saubris dasrulebis Semdeg, mosaubrem ori wuTis

ganmavlobaSi unda uTxras msmenels, Tu rogor (ramdenad

efeqturad) iyenebda is efeqturi mosmenis ileTebs (anu,

faqtiurad, unda miawodos msmenels ukukavSiri).

amis Semdeg, SecvaleT rolebi da gaagrZeleT varjiSi manam,

sanam yvela mocemul Temas ar amowuravT.

Temebi aqtiuri mosmenis gasavarjiSeblad

ras vgrZnob da vfiqrob:

§ Cemi dRevandeli cxovrebis Sesaxeb

§ Cemi ojaxis da warmoSobis Sesaxeb

§ yvela im dadebiTi movlenis Sesaxeb, rac ki odesme

gadamxdenia

§ Cemi momavlis Sesaxeb

§ Cemi amJamindeli piradi problemebis Sesaxeb

§ problemebTan gamklavebis Taobaze

§ sxva adamianebis grZnobebisa da sazrunavis gaziarebis

Sesaxeb

§ imaze, Tu rogor vaCveno axloblebs, rom namdvilad miyvars

isini…da a. S.

_

103

naxatis avtori - manuSak kaloiani

axalcixis #3 sajaro skola

yvela mxare

imarjvebs!

3o molaparakebebi da konfliqtebis mogvareba

o molaparakebebis mimdinareoba: ramdenime martivi wesi

o gunduri molaparakebebi: strategia da taqtika

o rogor gavzardoT Cveni Sansebi molaparakebis dros

o mediacia: molaparakebebi mesame mxaris daxmarebiT

105

106

yovelTvis,

rodesac

adamianebi

uziareben

erTmaneTs

azrebs

TavianTi

urTierTobis

Secvlis mizniT,

saqme gvaqvs

molaparakebebTan

molaparakebebi

da konfliqtebis

mogvareba

yovelTvis, rodesac adamianebi uziareben erTmaneTs azrebs

TavianTi urTierTobebis Secvlis mizniT; yovelTvis, rodesac

isini msjeloben SeTanxmebis misaRwevad, saqme gvaqvs

molaparakebebTan.

TiTqmis yoveldRe vxvdebiT situaciebSi, sadac

molaparakebebis warmoeba gviwevs; es SeiZleba iyos samsaxurSi,

saxlSi, dasvenebisas. Tu dafiqrdebiT, dagveTanxmebiT, rom

Tqveni urTierTobebis didi nawilic swored rom molaparakebas

warmoadgens – magaliTad, rodesac mSoblebs uTanxmdebiT

diskoTekaze wasvlis Taobaze; an rodesac megobrebTan daobT

filmis an momRerlis Sesaxeb; an rodesac bazarSi raimes

yidulobT da gamyidvels evaWrebiT.

martivad rom vTqvaT, molaparakebebis situacia

aRmocendeba, rodesac ori adamianis interesebi an

survilebi ver Tavsdeba erTmaneTTan, da rodesac orive

maTgans konfliqtis gaRvivebas gadawyvetilebebis

Zieba urCevnia.

Zalian cota Tu moinaxeba iseTi adamiani, romelsac moswons

konfliqtur situaciaSi yofna - iqneba es konfliqti

mSoblebTan, megobrebTan, TanamSromlebTan, Tu ucnobebTan.

gansakuTrebiT usiamovnoa konfliqti, rodesac masSi Zlieri

emociebia CarTuli, radgan aseTi konfliqti Ria

dapirispirebaSi gadadis da bevr fizikur Tu fsiqikur

energias moiTxovs. mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba – da Cven

ukve visaubreT amis Sesaxeb – rom konfliqti TavisTavad arc

cudia, arc kargi. mas SesaZloa rogorc dadebiTi, aseve

uaryofiTi Sedegebi hqondes, is SeiZleba damangreveli iyos,

an produqtiuli roli iTamaSos. yvelaferi damokidebulia

imaze, gavamZafrebT konfliqts, mivCqmalavT mas, Tu

SevecdebiT, rom vmarToT da Cvens sasikeTod gamoviyenoT.

ase rom profesiuli Tu piradi cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi,

konfliqtebis mogvarebis Tu saqmiani mizniT – mudmivad

mogiwevT molaparakebebis warmoeba. gamokiTxvebi adasturebs,

rom warmatebuli karieris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi

ganmsazRvrelia molaparakebebis warmoebis unar-Cvevebis

floba.

ar arsebobs erTi romelime „saukeTeso” stili molaparakebebis

sawarmoeblad. amis miuxedavad, molaparakebis procesSi yvelas

SeuZlia miaRwios warmatebas (imgvar SeTanxmebas, rodesac

molaparakebaSi monawile yvela mxare igrZnobs, rom misi

moTxovnilebebis nawili mainc dakmayofilda). amisaTvis

ubralod saWiroa yuradRebiT yofna, aqtiurad mosmena,

komunikaciis kargi unar-Cvevebis floba, winaswari momzadeba

da, rac umTavresia, problemis gadawyvetaze pasuxismgeblobis

wilis aReba.

rojer fiSeri, harvardis molaparakebebis proeqtis

direqtori, mis ganTqmul wignSi „SeTanxmebamde misvla”

(“Getting to YES”) gvirCevs:

iyaviT upirobod konstruqciulni. miudeqiT

molaparakebebs aseTnairad:

„me Tqven rogorc Tanasworuflebian partniors

giyurebT. pativs vcem Tqvens uflebas iqonioT

gansxvavebuli azri. mzad var gavigo igi”.

zogierTma SesaZloa CaTvalos, rom aseTi midgoma

zedmetad rbilia. sinamdvileSi, aseTi principebiT

molaparakebis warmoeba - siZlieris niSania.

warmatebuli

molaparakebebis

dros yvela

mxare imarjvebs.

mizani -

SeTanxmebaa, da

ara gamarjveba

107

108

molaparakebebis

misalmeba

mimdinareoba:

molaparakebis dawyebisas, an masSi axali monawileebis

SemoerTebisas unda moxdes yvela monawilis wardgena. rogorc

wesi, molaparakebis wamyvanebi orive mxridan waradgenen

TavianT gundebs. wardgenis dros ganmartebuli unda iyos

gundis TiToeuli wevris funqcia. Cveulebriv amas is akeTebs,

vinc molaparakebis yvela partniors icnobs. Tu Sesavali

sityva momzadebulia dabali rangis monawilis mier, maSin man

jer Tavisi ufrosi unda waradginos da Semdeg molaparakebis

gundis danarCeni wevrebi. miRebuli proceduraa savizito

baraTebis gacvla.

magidasTan jdomis wesi

ramdenime

martivi wesi

molaparakebis monawileTa magidasTan ganlagebis

Tanmimdevroba imis mier unda iyos momzadebuli, vis

teritoriazec imarTeba molaparakeba. Tu molaparakebebi

neitralur teritoriaze midis, maSin am Tanmimdevrobas is

amzadebs, vinc organizaciul saqmeebs agvarebs.

magidasTan ganlagebis sxvadasxva strategiebi da wesebi

arsebobs. rogorc wesi, molaparakebis mxareebi erTmaneTis

pirispir sxedan. magram savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom mxareTa

zogierTi wevrebi, vTqvaT eqspertebi, erTmaneTis gverdiT

ganlagdnen. zogjer Zalian momgebiania, rodesac Tqveni gundis

romelime wevri “mowinaaRmdegeTa banakSi” zis. aseTi ganlageba

erTgvar “teritoriul” upiratesobas ganiWebT da SesaZloa

saboloo warmatebac mogitanoT.

saubris warmarTva

saubars im gundis wevri iwyebs, vis teritoriazec imarTeba

molaparakeba. Tu molaparakeba neitralur teritoriaze

midis, maSin iwyebs is, vinc teritoriis organizeba moaxdina.

molaparakebis gundis xelmZRvaneli sakuTar gunds

“diriJorobs”. calkeuli Temebis ganxilvis dros, gundis

wevrebs ufleba aqvT Caerion saubarSi sakuTari azris

gamosaTqmelad, oRond, winaswar SeTanxmebuli formiT.

miuxedavad amisa, xelmZRvanelma molaparakebis procesis

sadaveebi xelidan ar unda gauSvas. molaparakebaSi gundis

wevrTa nebismieri Careva procesze gavlenas axdes, da SesaZloa,

xeli SeuSalos xelmZRvanelis gegmas im SemTxvevaSic ki,

rodesac es kargi ganzraxviT keTdeba.

saubris momzadebuli proceduris mkacrad dacva sasargebloa

rogorc molaparakebis mimdinareobisaTvis, aseve misi

efeqturobisTvisac. kargad marTuli gundis SemTxvevaSi,

molaparakebis procesis bolos gadawyvetilebis misaRebad

molaparakebis magidasTan mxolod ori adamiani rCeba –

mxareTa xelmZRvanelebi.

moqmedebaTa Tanmimdevroba

warmatebuli molaparakeba iwyeba imiT, rom misi TiToeuli

monawile molaparakebisaTvis sakmaris dros gamoyofs.

rTulia, sworad SeafasoT, Tu ramdeni dro dasWirdeba

molaparakebas, gansakuTrebiT rodesac saqme sruliad axal

sakiTxs, axal Temas exeba, romlis irgvliv molaparakebis

warmoebis gamocdileba jer ar gaqvT. aseT situaciaSi unda

ixelmZRvaneloT im mosazrebiT, rom umjobesia,

molaparakebaze gauTvaliswinebeli Tavisufali dro darCes,

vidre caitnotis pirobebSi imuSaoT.

nebismieri

survili, romelic

iTxovs

dakmayofilebas

da nebismieri

moTxovna,

romelic unda

Sesruldes,

molaparakebebis

potenciuri

sababia

109

110

“me giyurebT

Tqven, rogorc

Tanasworuflebian

partniors. me

pativs vcem

Tqvens uflebas

iqonioT

gansxvavebuli

azri. me mzad

var gavigo

igi.“

pirvel rigSi unda ganisazRvros molaparakebis Temebi da

miznebi. Semdeg unda SeaTanxmoT molaparakebis Sinaarsobrivi

mimdinareoba (dRis wesrigi) da droiTi CarCoebi. molaparakebis

struqturirebis bolo nabijia im Sedegebis dakonkreteba,

romlebiTac molaparakebis dasrulebas isurvebdiT.

rodesac Temebi, miznebi da mimdinareoba gansazRvrulia, iwyeba

molaparakebis calkeul sakiTxze muSaoba, Semdegi wesebis

gaTvaliswinebiT:

1.dRis wesrigSi Setanili TiToeuli punqtis mimarT unda

ganixiloT: sawyisi mdgomareoba, arsebuli masalebi da

dokumentebi, sakiTxebi, romelTa Sesaxebac saerTo azri

(Tanxmoba) ukve miRweulia da sakamaTo sakiTxebi.

2.partnioris yvela argumenti yuradRebiT unda

moisminoT, seriozulad aRiqvaT da ganixiloT.

diskusia unda mimdinareobdes “mozrdilis poziciidan”,

rac Sefasebis gareSe, mSvidad da obieqturad mosmenas

niSnavs.

3.urTierTmomgebiani gadawyvetelebebis moZieba

erToblivad unda moxdes. amaSi Tqvens mier winaswar

momzadebuli argumentebi dagexmarebaT.

4.sakamaTo sakiTxebi saqmianad da mSvidad unda iyos

wardgenili. amiT konfliqturi sferoebis kargad

damuSavebis SesaZlebloba mogecemaT. SesaZlo

formulirebebia:

§ “me Tqveni naTqvami ase gavige ...”

§ “sworad Cavwvdi Tqvens mosazrebas? maSin neba

momeciT mokled warmogidginoT Cveni mosazreba:

Cven SevTanxmdiT, rom...”

§ “imisaTvis. rom win waviwioT, Cven axla am

sakiTxze unda SevTanxmdeT..”

5.erToblivad SemuSavebuli Sualeduri Sedegebi unda

saboloo saxiT CamoayaliboT da dokumenturad

gaaformoT, raTa qvesakiTxebis ganxilva sabolood

dasruldes.

6.gamoricxulia molaparakebis Seferxeba satelefono

zarebis, an Tundac sxvadasxva saswrafo saqmis -

magaliTad, xelmosaweri dokumentebis gamo.

7.saubris klimati pozitiurad neitraluri unda iyos.

rac ufro uaxlovdebiT saerTo gadawyvetas, miT ufro

partnioruli unda gaxadoT urTierToba

molaparakebis procesSi.

8.Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi, SeecadeT auRelvebeli reaqcia

gqondeT. Tavdamsxmeli zrdilobianad unda “dasvaT

Tavis adgilze”. magaliTisaTvis, momgebiania aseTi

pasuxi: “me mesmis, rom es aspeqti TqvenTvis usiamovnoa

da vwuxvar, rom ar SegviZlia misi gamotoveba. am sakiTxis

gadawyvetaze namdvilad mogviwevs Zalisxmevis

daxarjva. Cven gTavazobT...”.

9.erToblivad unda Sedges daskvniTi oqmi, romelic, sul

cota, Semdeg sakiTxebs unda Seicavdes:

§ molaparakebis adgili, Tema da monawileebi

§ TariRi da dro

§ molaparakebis sakiTxebi

§ miRweuli SeTanxmebebi

§ Sesasrulebeli RonisZiebebi

§ maT Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebeli pirebi

§ Sesrulebis vadebi

molaparakebis damTavrebisTanave oqmi unda iyos xelmowerili

wamyvanebis mier.

daaxloveba

xSirad, warmatebuli molaparakebis Semadgenel nawils saqmiani

sadili warmoadgens. Tu molaparakeba xangrZlivia, sadilis

dros kargad warmarTulma saubarma SeiZleba bevri dro

dagizogoT, radgan am viTarebaSi, adamianebi gacilebiT

Tavisufali, moqnili da keTilganwyobili xdebian. cnobilia

mravali SemTxveva imisa, rodesac mniSvnelovani SeTanxmebebi

(gansakuTrebiT politikis sferoSi) swored araformalur

garemoSi, sadilis an yavis mirTmevis dros iyo miRweuli.

politikuri

molaparakebebis

warmateba xSirad

araformalur

garemoSi,

sadilobis dros

miiRweva

111

112

warmatebuli

molaparakebebis

erT-erTi

umTavresi

ganmsazRvrelia

gunduri

muSaoba

gunduri

molaparakebebi:

strategia da

taqtika

maT, visac miuRia monawileoba gundur molaparakebebSi,

ueWvelad ician, Tu ramden sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli es

procesi. xSirad xdeba, rom gundis erT-erT wevrs urCevnia

sifrTxile, igi cdilobs SeaTanxmos da bevrjer gadaamowmos

TiToeuli nabiji; am dros meores miaCnia, rom siswrafe da

dinamiuroba gadamwyvetia warmatebisTvis da cdilobs

daaCqaros gadawyvetilebebis miRebis tempi. namdvilad

rTulia awarmoo molaparakebebi meore mxaresTan da

amavdroulad cdilobde daareguliro urTierTobebi

sakuTari gundis wevrebTan, magram ar unda daviviwyoT, rom

gundur molaparakebas Zalian bevri dadebiTi momentic axlavs

Tan. kargad momzadebuli da organizebuli gundi, romelic

namdvilad TanamSromlobs miznis misaRwevad, yovelTvis ufro

metia, vidre misi Semadgeneli nawilebis ubralo jami.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Zalian bevr situaciaSi umjobesia erTi

erTze molaparakebebis warmoeba, urTierTmisaRebi

gadawyvetilebis povnis procesSi sul ufro da ufro

aqtualuri xdeba gunduri molaparakebebi, radgan Tu gundis

wevrebi „sworadaa” SerCeuli, daizogeba rogorc dro, aseve

adamianuri resursebic. gunduri molaparakebis gamocdileba

gviCvenebs, rom gundur muSaobas ufro swraf da ufro

damakmayofilebel gadawyvetilebamde mivyavarT.

ecadeT kargad gaiazroT, Tu ra tipis adamianebs CarTavT

gundSi. imisaTvis, rom gundi efeqturi iyos, masSi Semavali

pirovnebebi unda avsebdnen erTmaneTs; Tu moaxerxebT maTi

Zlieri mxareebisa da komunikaciis gansxvavebuli stilis

gamoyenebas – molaparakebis process Tqvens sasikeTod

warmarTavT.

axla ki mokled mimovixiloT, Tu ra ZiriTad strategiul

elementebs moicavs gunduri molaparakebebis procesi.

miznis dasaxva da misi miyola

molaparakebis gundis TiToeuli wevrma Zalian naTlad da

detalebSi unda icodes, Tu ra aris molaparakebis procesis

saboloo mizani.

molaparakebebze kargi ganwyobiT misvla

pozitiuri ganwyoba da mondomeba (motivacia) warmatebis

safuZvelia nebismier saqmeSi. izruneT Tqveni gundis karg

ganwyobilebaze. strategiis momzadebis dros yuradRebiT

moekideT Tqveni gundis wevrebs, romlebic SemoqmedebiTad da

mravalmxrivad azrovneben. gamoiyeneT SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis

yvela TqvenTvis xelmisawvdomi meTodi. mxedvelobaSi iqonieT

yvela alternativa. mogvianebiT, SegiZliaT uari TqvaT im

alternativebze, romlebic ar migaCniaT misaRebad.

gaocebis momentis gamoyeneba

saomar strategiaSi gaocebis momentis gamoyeneba niSnavs

ganaxorcielo Seteva maSin, rodesac Seni mowinaaRmdege1 amas

ar elodeba. molaparakebis procesSi es SeiZleba niSnavdes

Tavidan moCvenebiT daTmobas, ukan daxevas, mowinaaRmdegis

yuradRebis modunebas da Semdeg ki zusti “dartymis” miyenebas.

es xerxi mravalnairad SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli. magaliTad,

SesaZlebelia mizanmimarTulad araswori araverbaluri

signalebis gamoyeneba; mowinaaRmdegis daRla; mowinaaRmdegis

iqamde miyvana, rom man yvela winaswar momzadebuli argumenti

da faqtobrivi masala gamoiyenos, da Semdeg Setevis

ganxorcieleba.

1 molaparakebis konteqstSi sityva “mowinaaRmdege” niSnavs

molaparakebis meore mxares. miuxedavaT imisa, rom Cven (am krebulis

avtorebs) gvirCevnia gamoviyenoT cneba “molaparakebis partniori”,

zogierT SemTxvevaSi, Sinaarsobriv mxareSi meti garkveulobis Setanis

mizniT Cven ganvixilavT molaparakebebs rogorc dapirispirebul

mxareTa urTierTobas.

molaparakebebis

mwarmoebeli

gundis

TiToeulma

wevrma

garkveviT da

detalurad

unda icodes

molaparakebebis

saboloo

mizani

113

114

molaparakebebis

strategia

oponentis

miznebisa da

misi qcevis

gaTvaliswinebiT

airCieT

Zalebis mokrefa

Zalebis mokrefa niSnavs molaparakebis procesis win sakuTari

resursebis gaZlierebas, mokavSireebis moZebnas,

dokumentaluri (faqtobrivi) „iaraRis” momzadebas da SesaZlo

alternativebis moZiebas.

sakuTari usafrTxoebis dacva

ar unda dauSvaT, rom Tqvens gunds mowinaaRmdegis mxridan

safrTxe daemuqros (magaliTad, romelime wevris izolaciaSi

moqceviT). nebismieri Seteva erToblivad unda iyos

mogeriebuli; magaliTad, Tu Tqveni gundis romelime wevrs

mowinaaRmdege sakuTari argumentebis maxeSi Seityuebs da

Semdeg Seutevs, gundis xelmZRvanelis movaleobaa daexmaros

kolegas rTuli situaciidan gamosvlaSi.

Zalebis ekonomiuri gamoyeneba

“nebismier karg generals gaaCnia rezervebi”. molaparakebebis

dros gamoiyeneT mxolod is Zalebi, romlebic uSualod

gWirdebaT da mudam iqonieT rezervebi.

koordinirebisken miswrafeba

molaparakebis procesis koordinireba niSnavs gunduri

muSaobis efeqtur marTvas. TiToeuli wevri Tavis viwro

sferoSi unda iyos eqsperti, xolo Tqven, rogorc gundis

xelmZRvanels, unda SegeZloT maTi resursebis

koordinirebulad gamoyeneba.

Seguebisaken, adaptaciisaken miswrafeba

gundis TiToeul wevrs unda gaaCndes danarCen wevrebTan da

axal situaciasTan Seguebis unari. amiT miiRweva qcevis is

moqniloba, romelic aucilebelia molaparakebis procesis

dros. ar CarToT molaparakebis gundSi iseTi adamiani,

romelsac uWirs axali ideebisa da mosazrebebis miReba da ar

SeuZlia Tavisi winaswari ganwyobebis Secvla.

ubraloebisken, simartivisken miswrafeba

rac ufro rTulia strategia, miT nakleb funqcionirebs igi

molaparakebebis dros. saukeTeso strategia imdenad

harmoniulad erwymis normalur qcevas, rom misi gamoyeneba arc

SeimCneva.

ekomendebuli strategiebi

aqamde saubari iyo strategiebis calkeul elementebze. magram,

rogor unda moviqceT praqtikulad, raTa gavlenis moxdena

SevZloT? mowinaaRmdegis miznebis, misi garemocvisa da qcevis

gaTvaliswinebiT, aseve Tqveni jgufisa da mowinaaRmdegis

ZalTa Tanafardobis Sefasebaze dayrdnobiT, gadaamowmeT

Tqveni qcevis alternativebi:

§ irCevT konstruqciul, TanamSromlobiT strategias

§ irCevT Tavdasxmis strategias

§ irCevT Tavdacvis strategias

rogor gamoiyureba TavdasxmiTi strategiebi

molaparakebis dros?

viwyebT “frontaluri SeteviT”:

“gadavamowmeT Tqvens mier mowodebuli masalebi da samwuxarod

davadgineT, rom ar xarT sakmarisad kargad momzadebuli. Cven

velodiT iseT partniors, romlisTvisac davalebis gadacema

SegveZlo da ara iseTs, romelsac aqeT Cven unda gavuwioT

konsultaciebi”.

amis Semdeg mowinaaRmdege Tavdacvis pozicias ikavebs,

romelic, albaT, SeimuSava molaparakebebis momzadebis dros.

Tu igi Tavdasxmas ar eloda, da mas moumzadebeli Sexvda, maSin

mas SeuZlia reagireba:

§ gaqceviT (iwyebs mobodiSebas);

§ sapasuxo TavdasxmiT (“cxadia, rom Tqven amgvari

saqmeebis mcire gamocdileba gaqvT”);

§ aqtivobis SewyvetiT (zis, rogorc paralizebuli da ar

gvpasuxobs);

Tavdasxmis amgvar strategias maSin aqvs azri, rodesac Tqven

gsurT mowinaaRmdegis “dapataraveba” imdenad, ramdenis

moTmenac mas SeuZlia.

“flangidan dartymis” strategia Semdegnairad SeiZleba

iyos CarTuli:

“A da B sakiTxebSi Cven sruli Tanxmoba gvaqvs...” (Tavdasxmam

Cauara mowiaaRmdeges) “magram cxadia, rom umniSvnelovanes

erT-erTi mxaris

Zalauflebaze

dafuZnebuli

strategiebis

mizania ara

SeTanxmebamde

misvla, aramed

sakuTari

pirobebis karnaxi

115

116

sakiTxebSi Tqven problemebi gaqvT!” (Tavdasxma ganxorcielda

gverdidan).

“SemovliTi strategia” esxmis Tavs mowinaaRmdeges im

mxridan, romelzec igi aqtiuri ar aris. molaparakebebis dros

aman Semdegi saxe SeiZleba miiRos: erTi sferos Temebze xdeba

pozitiuri reagireba, an ar xdeba araviTari reagireba, da

Semdeg, moulodnelad meore sferoze ganxorcieldeba

Tavdasxma.

TavdacviTi strategiebia Semdegi:

„cixesimagris” strategiis dros yvelaferi keTdeba

imisaTvis, raTa sakuTari pozicia gamagrdes da

“araTavdasxmadi” gaxdes (magaliTad, sayovelTaod miRebul

avtoritetebze da gamokvlevebze apelireba, adreul

SeTanxmebebze apelireba da sxva).

„Semakavebeli brZolis” dros droebiT ukan ixeven, raTa

Semdeg ukeTesi poziciidan Seution. molaparakebebis dros aman

Semdegi saxe SeiZleba miiRos:

“Tqven aq susti adgili aRmoaCineT, es unda vaRiaroT. magram

arc Cven varT mTlad kmayofili imiT, rac Tqven SemogvTavazeT

ai am konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ...”.

„daTmoba, an ukan daxeva” niSnavs, rom Tqven sakiTxTa erT

sferoSi mTlianad TmobT (an aRiarebT Tqvens damarcxebas am

sferoSi, an sul cota, Tavad TqvenTvis gadawyvetT amas da

iTvaliswinebT Semdgomi moqmedebebisas).

molaparakebebis agresiuli partnioris SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba

ganvixiloT ramdenime strategia, oRond movepyroT maT Zalian

frTxilad, radgan es strategiebi ararekomendebul

strategiaTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba.

ararekomendebuli strategiebi

arsebobs strategiebi, romlebic agebulia Cveni Zlieri

mxareebis gamoyenebaze da mimarTulia mowinaaRmdegis

“adgilze dasmisaken”. amgvari strategiebi SeiZleba

warmatebulic iyos, magram arsebobs erTi “magram”: isini qmnian

ara partniorul situacias, aramed iZulebiT garemos.

erToblivi muSaoba SesaZlebeli xdeba mxolod imis xarjze, rom

erT erT partniors sxvagvarad ar SeuZlia, an situaciaSi

raRac sasargeblos xedavs TavisTvis.

strategia “mas sxva gza ara aqvs”

es strategia mTlianad igeba mowinaaRmdegis sisusteebze,

rodesac igi garkveulwilad damokidebulia Tqvenze. amgvari

strategiis dros molaparakebis mizans warmoadgens ara

erTobliv gadawyvetilebamde misvla, aramed

mowinaaRmdegisaTvis sakuTari pirobebis karnaxi. daTmobebi

mxolod im masStabiT da winaswari gaTvliT keTdeba, rom

molaparakebis imitacia Seiqmnas.

amgvar molaparakebebs Tumca mivyavaraT situaciis

garkvevamde, magram isini mtrul tendenciebs ufro qmnian,

vidre megobruls. mowinaaRmdege manam daicavs molaparakebis

Sedegebs, sanam mas kontraqtis, ekonomikuri, an sxva msgavsi

pirobebi aiZuleben; rogorc ki saSualeba miecema, is Seecdeba

Tqvenze sapasuxo ieriSis motanas.

“xelSi Cagdebis” strategia

es strategia mimarTulia konfrontaciaze. meore mxare

ganixileba mowinaaRmdeged am sityvis uaresi gagebiT, an mtrad.

amgvar strategiebs umetesad mimarTaven maSin, rodesac

mowinaaRmdegeebs Soris iZulebiTi molaparakebebia (anu

rodesac mxareebs ara aqvT molaparakebis survili). aseTia,

magaliTad, molaparakebebi gayris dros, molaparakebebi

memkvidreobiTi valebis situaciaSi, molaparakebebi

kontraqtis droze adre gawyvetis Sesaxeb da sxva.

strategia “yvelaferi mxolod blefia”

am SemTxvevaSi molaparakebis mxareebi (an erT erTi mxare)

monawileoben molaparakebaSi mxolod imitom, rom

gadaataninon partniors yuradReba da moigon dro Tavisi sxva

romelime miznebis miRwevisaTvis.

117

118

naxatis avtori - marika werediani

q. walkis qarTuli sajaro skola

ogor

gavzardoT

Cveni Sansebi

molaparakebis

dros?

miuxedavad imisa, Tu ras exeba molaparakebis Tema, arsebobs

ramdenime universaluri rCeva, romelTa regularuli

SesrulebiT SeZlebT gaiumjobesoT molaparakebis warmoebis

unar-Cvevebi da Sedegad gazardoT Tqveni warmatebis Sansebi.

iyaviT mzad. es warmatebuli molaparakebis erTaderTi

yvelaze mniSvnelovani elementia. molaparakebis dros

informacia – Zalauflebaa. rac ufro Sesatyvisi informacia

gagaCniaT, miT ufro ukeTes poziciaSi imyofebiT. ar arsebobs

cneba “zedmeti momzadeba”; rac ar unda bevrs emzadebodeT –

yovelTvis SeiZleba moinaxos iseTi mniSvnelovani detali,

romelic damatebiTi drois da yuradRebis daTmobas mogTxovT.

amitom ecadeT moitovoT sakmarisi dro molaparakebis

procesis mosamzadeblad.

gaTvaleT Tqveni partnioris moTxovnilebebi. daayeneT

sakuTari Tavi molaparakebis partnioris adgilze. risi miReba

surs mas molaparakebis Sedegad? CamowereT rac SeiZleba meti

mizani. Semdeg daalageT es sia prioritetebis mixedviT ise,

rogorc amas, Tqveni azriT, Tqveni partniori gaakeTebda.

gamoyaviT TqvenTvis is sakiTxebi, romlebzec iservebdiT da`an

ar isurvebdiT molaparakebas.

119

120

nurasodes

moamwyvdevT

oponents

kuTxeSi;

yovelTvis

daexmareT mas

SeinarCunos

sakuTari

Rirseba da

reputacia

daalageT sakuTari moTxovnilebebi. ras elodebiT

molaparakebebis procesisgan? materialur mogebas? met

Tavisuflebas moqmedebebSi? ukeTes SesaZleblobebs?

CamowereT im miznebis sia, romelTa miRwevac gsurT

molaparakebis Sedegad. molaparakebis dawyebamde daxveweT es

sia da gamoyaviT masSi prioritetebi. aqac, iseve rogorc wina

siaSi, gansazRvreT TqvenTvis “molaparakebadi” da

“aramolaparakebadi” sakiTxebi. es ori sia mogcemT saSualebas

gansazRvroT, Tu ra aris am molaparakebebSi Tqveni programaminimumi

(anu is minimaluri Sedegi, romlis miRebazec unda

imuSaoT molaparakebis procesSi).

molaparakebebis umetesoba gulisxmobs urTierTobebis

gagrZelebas. zogierTi SemTxvevis gamoklebiT,

molaparakebebi TiTqmis yovelTvis gulisxmobs rom mxareebi

xangrZliv urTierTobaSi imyofebian da gaagrZeleben am

urTierTobas molaparakebebis dasrulebis Semdgom (imis

miuxedavad, Tu vin aris ama Tu im konkretuli molaparakebis

“meore mxare” – Tqveni ojaxis wevri, megobari Tu

TanamSromeli). ase rom yovelTvis gulisyuriT moekideT im

potenciur zegavlenas, romelic SesaZloa moaxdinos

molaparakebebma Tqvens uerTierTobebze.

TiToeuli molaparakeba gansxvavebulia. gasaTvaliswinebelia,

rom molaparakeba Tqvens SeyvarebulTan gansxvavdeba

im molaparakebisgan, romelsac raime nivTis SeZenisas

awarmoebT. gansxvaveba im urTierTobaSia, romelic gsurT

iqonioT Tqvens partniorTan molaparakebis dasrulebis

Semdeg. SeyvarebulTan molaparakebis dros namdvilad ufro

met daTmobaze waxvalT, masTan harmoniuli urTierTobis

SenarCunebis mizniT; xolo rac Seexeba raRac nivTis SeZenas da

amis irgvliv vaWrobas, aq harmonia nakleb mniSvnelovania,

mTavaria is fasi, risi gadaxdac mogiwevT saboloo SeTanxmebis

Sedegad.

arasodes moityuoT. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

molaparakebaTa mxolod mcire nawilia erTjeradi movlena.

molaparakebaSi CarTuli mxareebi umetes wilad ganagrZnoben

urTierTobas misi dasrulebis Semdgom. Tu Tqven tyuilSi

dagiWires (da cxadia rom es ase iqneba) – Tqvendami ndoba

sabolood daikargeba. savsebiT SesaZlebelia winaswar

moemzadoT da dagegmoT, Tu rogor gaumklavdebiT

molaparakebis im sakiTxebs, sadac Tavs sustad (daucvelad)

grZnobT da giCndebaT motyuebis survili.

iyaviT samarTliani. molaparakeba ar niSnavs “me unda movigo,

Sen ki - waago”. bervi cnobili leqsikoni ganmartavs

molaparakebas rogorc process, “romelsac

urTierTSeTanxmebamde mivyavarT”. molaparakebis yvelaze

saukeTeso “specialistebad” iTvlebian isini, visac SeuZlia

yvela molaparakebis “mogeba – mogeba” SedegiT dasruleba.

nu gadauSliT guls. umetes molaparakebaSi gaurkvevloba

upirvelesi upiratesobaa. Tu Tqvens partniors daanaxebT, ra

gsurT yvelaze Zalian - Tqveni pozicia Sesustdeba.

iyaviT moqnili. gagebiT moekideT im faqts, rom

molaparakebebi xSirad gulisxmobs kompromisze wasvlas. eZebeT

molaparakebis problemis SemoqmedebiTi gadawyvetis gzebi.

SesTavazeT zogierTi daTmoba imisaTvis, rom sapasuxod

miiRoT is, rac yvelaze ufro sasurvelia TqvenTvis.

da kidev:

r Tu Tqveni partniori daTmobaze wavida, nu wauyenebT

mas maSinve axal moTxovnas. es qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom

Tqven mudam ukmayofilo xarT da molaparakebebs

aragulwrfelad udgebiT;

r madlierebiT aRniSneT partnioris daTmobaze wasvla.

madlierebis gamoxatva keTili nebis ganwyobas qmnis;

r nu daiwyebT vaWrobas iseTi ukiduresi poziciidan, rom

partnioris gaRizianeba gamowvioT. es gaamwvavebs

situacias, radgan Tqveni gadametebuli moTxovnebis

sapasuxod Tqveni partniori kidev ufro gazrdis Tavis

moTxovnebs;

r Tu partnioris mier wamoyenebuli winadadeba

ararealurad geCvenebaT, nu gaakritikebT mas maSinve.

mSvidad hkiTxeT partniors, rogor warmoudgenia

Tavisi ideis ganxorcileba. etapobrivad, nabij-nabij

mosTxoveT partniors ganmartebebi misi logikuri

jaWvis TiToeul rgolTan dakavSirebiT manam, sanam is

TvalnaTliv ar dainaxavs Tavisi ideis iluzorobas, an -

rac aseve SesaZlebelia - sanam Tqveni eWvebi ar

gaqarwyldeba;

r Tu atyobT, rom Tqvens sakmaod misaReb winadadebaze

partniori Zlier winaaRmdegobas giwevT, es imis niSania,

121

122

rom igi SfoTavs, raRacis eSinia. gaarkvieT, ra awuxebs

mas. iqneb SesaZlebelia Tqveni winadadebebis Secvla ise,

rom SeumciroT partniors SfoTva?

r rogori mciredic ar unda iyos molaparakebebis dros

miRweuli Sedegi, ar aaridoT Tavi xelis CamorTmevas

Tanxmobis niSnad. es Jesti ufro amtkicebs miRweul

SeTanxmebas da misi Sesrulebis albaTobas zrdis!

r ecadeT daabalansoT moklevadiani da grZelvadiani

miznebi. moisazreT ras moigebT axla, am wuTSi, momavali

dapirispirebis xarjze. giRirT ki partniorTan

momavali urTierTobis gafuWebis fasad moklevadiani

miznis miRweva?

mediacia:

molaparakebebi

mesame mxaris

daxmarebiT

sazogadoebaSi mimdinare cvlilebebs, Tundac pozitiurs,

yovelTvis Tan axlavs konfliqtebi, romelTa samarTavadac

axal garemoSi axali, alternatiuli meTodebia saWiro. Cveni

sazogadoebisTvis, romelic tradiciulad pirovnul

urTierTobebzea orientirebuli, Zalian mniSvnelovania

konfliqtebis marTvis iseTi meTodis arseboba, romelic

gaiTvaliswinebs am kulturul Taviseburebas da Seecdeba

adamianebs Soris arsebuli uTanxmoeba ise moagvaros, rom

sabolood ar daazianos maTi urTierToba.

mediacia, konfliqtis mogvarebis tradiciuli meTodebis

swored iseTi alternativaa, romelic problemis

mogvarebasTan erTad mxareebs Soris urTierTobebis

gaumjobesebazec aris mimarTuli. ukve sakmaod didi xania, rac

mediacias warmatebiT iyeneben mTels msoflioSi da misi

popularoba dRiTidRe izrdeba. zogjer mas axseneben, rogorc

molaparakebis procesis ufro daxvewil da farTo formas.

mediacia xSirad mas Semdeg iwyeba, rac mxareebi CaSlian

molaparakebebs da gaacnobiereben, rom SeTanxmebisTvis mesame

neitraluri mxaris daxmarebas saWiroeben. miuxedavad mesame

mediacia

ewodeba

uTanxmoebis

mogvarebis

nebismier

process, romlis

drosac gareSe

piri exmareba

mxareebs

daregulirebis

miRwevaSi

123

124

mediatori

neitraluri da

miukerZoebeli

piria, romelsac

mediaciis

procesis

gaZRolis

specialuri

kvalifikacia

aqvs

mxaris monawileobisa, saboloo gadawyvetilebas konfliqtis

mogvarebis procesSi Tavad konfliqtSi CarTuli mxareebi

iReben.

mediacia - sasamarTlo procesis erTerTi

alternativaa

mediaciis procesi – konfliqtis mogvarebis tradiciuli

meTodebis alternativaa. erT-erTi aseTi tradiciuli da

yvelasaTvis cnobili meTodia sasamarTlo. modiT, vnaxoT, ra

gansxvavebaa sasamarTlosa da mediaciis process Soris da ra

upiratesobebs sTavazobs mediacia konfliqtSi monawile

mxareebs.

sasamarTlo - konfliqtis mogvarebis iseTi procesia, sadac

dapirispirebuli mxarebi TavianTi advokatebis meSveobiT

ayeneben moTxovnebs da waradgenen mtkicebulebebs; am

mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze mosamarTle gadawyvetilebas

erTi, an meore mxaris sasargeblod iRebs. mediacia - ar

ganixilavs konfliqtSi CarTul mxareebs, rogorc “marTals”

da “mtyuans”, aramed cdilobs maT saerTo interesebis povnaSi

da urTierTmisaReb SeTanxmebamde misvlaSi daexmaros.

mediaciis dros mxareebi gadawyvetilebas Tavad iReben da amis

gamo, procesis SedegiT mxareTa kmayofileba maqsimumamde

izrdeba.

sasamarTloSi adamianebi did dros da energias xarjaven

meore mxaris damarcxebaze, rac Sesabamisad aisaxeba mxareebs

Soris urTierTobaze. mediaciis procesi aramarto

problemis mogvarebazea orientirebuli, aramed problemaSi

CarTul mxareebs Soris arsebuli urTerTobis SenarCunebazec.

mediacia gansakuTrebiT efeqturia iseTi konfliqtebis

mogvarebisas, rodesac dapirispirebul mxareebs momavalSi

aucileblad mouwevT erTmaneTTan urTierToba. magaliTad,

bavSviani wyvilis gayrisas, an erT organizaciaSi momuSave

adamianebs Soris warmoqmnili davis dros da sxva.

sasamarTlo mimdinareobs mkacrad gansazRvruli

proceduris mixedviT, romelic ucvleli rCeba saqmis

Sinaarsis miuxedavad. mediaciis dros, mxareebs sruli

Tavisufleba eniWebaT, raTa komfortulad da

Zaldautaneblad ganixilon saqmis yvela aspeqti, teqnikuri

wesebisa da iuridiuli procedurebis SezRudvebis gareSe.

amasTan, mediacia yvela mxarisaTvis mosaxerxebel dros

iniSneba.

sasamarTloSi saqmis Setanas, mis ganxilvasa da Semdgom

gasaCivrebas, zogjer, Tveebi da wlebi sWirdeba. mediaciis

procesiT sadao sakiTxis mogvareba, xSir SemTxvevaSi, 2-4

SexvedriT xdeba SesaZlebeli.

sasamarTlo - sajaro procesia (gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis

garda). mediacia - kerZo procesia, anu konfidencialuria

imdenad, ramdenadac es mxareebs surT.

mediacia nebayoflobiTia: mediaciis procesis dawyeba

SeuZlebelia, Tu es mxolod erT mxares surs. aucilebelia

meore mxaris Tanxmobac. nebismier mxares nebismier momentSi

SeuZlia datovos mediaciis procesi.

mediacia TanamSromlobiTia: TavianTi uTanxmoebis

mogvarebas, mxareebi mediatoris daxmarebiTa da erToblivi

ZalisxmeviT cdiloben.

mediacia kontrolirebadia: mediaciis dros

gadawyvetilebas mxareebi iReben da akontroleben da ara

mediatori.

mediacia SemoqmedebiTia: mediacia uTanxmoebisa Tu

konfliqtis originalurad gadawyvetis saSualebas iZleva.

mediacia moqnilia: mediaciis procesSi mxareebi, SesaZloa,

iseT SeTanxmebamde mividnen, romelic iuridiuli precedentis,

an sazogadoebrivi standartebis Sesatyvisi ar iqneba da amave

dros, misaRebi iqneba orive mxarisaTvis.

mediaciis dros miRebuli SeTanxmebebi, rogorc wesi, sruldeba,

radgan es SeTanxmebebi mxareTa erToblivi Zalisxmevis

Sedegadaa miRweuli da ar aris sxvis mier maTze Tavs moxveuli.

rogor mimdinareobs mediaciis procesi?

konfliqtSi CarTuli erT-erTi mxare ukavSirdeba mediators,

romelic misgan moismens problemis arss. Tuki mediacia

esadageba am konkretul SemTxvevas, mediatori daukavSirdeba

meore mxares da mis poziciasac moismens. Tu meore mxarec

mediaciis dros

gadawyvetilebas

iReben da

akontroleben

mxareebi da ara

mediatori

125

126

mediaciis

procesebis

daaxloebiT

93%

konfliqtis

mogvarebiT

mTavrdeba

daTanaxmdeba mediaciis procesSi monawileobaze, dainiSneba

yvelasaTvis misaRebi dro da adgili, sadac mxareebi

mediatoris daxmarebiT Seecdebian urTierTmisaRebi

gadawyvetilebis miRebas. mxareebs minimum or sesiaze mouwevT

daswreba. esenia winaswari gasaubreba da uSualod mediaciis

sesia.

winaswari gasaubrebis dros mediatori axsnis mediaciis

procesis ZiriTad principebs da SesTavazebs mxareebs mediaciis

Sesaxeb SeTanxmebaze xelis moweras. amiT mxareebi sabolood

daadastureben, rom mzad arian CaerTon mediaciaSi da misi

konfidencialobis pirobebi daicvan.

mediaciis sesiis dros, TiToeul mxares problemis miseuli

xedvis wardgenisa da gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis

xazgasmis saSualeba eZleva. mxareTa dialogs mediatori

uZRveba, raTa isini ukeT gaerkven erTmaneTis poziciebSi.

SesaZloa, mediatori calk-calke gaesaubros TiToeul mxares.

es mxareebs daexmareba, raTa mediators is mosazrebebi an

miznebi gauziaron, romelTa gamxelac meore mxaris

TandaswrebiT ar surdaT. amis Semdeg, mediatoris daxmarebiT,

mxareebi problemis mogvarebis maTeuli variantebis

mofiqrebasa da damuSavebas Seecdebian.

dasasruls, mediatori, mxareebTan erTad saboloo werilobiT

SeTanxmebas Seadgens, romelsac mxareebi Tanxmobis niSnad xels

moaweren.

ramden xans grZeldeba mediaciis

procesi?

mediaciis xangrZlivoba damokidebulia konkretuli

konfliqtis sirTuleze. mediaciis procesi, mediatorTan

winaswari Sexvedris, an satelefono saubris garda, saSualod,

2-4 Sexvedras saWiroebs. TiTo Sexvedra, SeTanxmebisamebr, 2-3

saaTs grZeldeba.

vin aris mediatori?

mediatori neitraluri da miukerZoebeli piria. igi

profesionalia, romelsac mediaciis procesis gaZRolis

specialuri kvalifikacia aqvs.

mediatori ar iRebs gadawyvetilebas mxareebis magivrad. igi

mxareebs maTi interesebis wardgenaSi, gaugebrobis garkvevaSi,

problemuri sakiTxebis gansazRvrasa da saboloo SeTanxmebis

miRwevaSi exmareba. Zalian xSirad, mediaciis process ori Tanamediatori

uZRveba.

efeqturia Tu ara mediacia yvela tipis

konfliqtis mogvarebisas?

konfliqti mediacias eqvemdebareba, Tuki mxareebi mzad arian

molaparakebisaTvis da surT imuSaon SeTanxmebaze. mediacia

efeqturia mezoblebTan, ojaxTan, TemTan, garemos dacvasTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis mogvarebisaTvis. igi qmediTia

sxvadasxva saxis komerciuli, saskolo, organizaciuli

konfliqtebis arsebobisas da sxva.

zogierTi mediatori Tvlis, rom mediacias ar eqvemdebareba

iseTi konfliqtebi, sadac saqme fizikur Zaladobamde, an sxva

raime saxis ukidures gamwvavebamde mivida. Tumca,

gadawyvetilebas imis Taobaze, imuSavebs Tu ara mediacia,

mediatorebi konkretuli SemTxvevis specifikis

gaTvaliswinebiT iReben.

problemis

mogvarebasTan

erTad, mediacia

mxareebs Soris

urTierTobebis

gaumjobesebazea

mimarTuli

127

naxatis avtori - naTia bolqvaZe

q.walkis qarTuli sajaro skola

4TanatolTa

mediacia

o konfliqtebis mogvarebis swavleba skolebSi

o mediaciis programebi skolebSi

o TanatolTa mediacia: ideidan saqmemde!

129

130

skola is

adgilia, sadac

mozardebi,

specialur

sagnebTan erTad,

pirovnul

urTierTobebs da

sxvebTan erTad

Tanaarsebobasac

swavloben

konfliqtebis

mogvarebis

swavleba

skolebSi

albaT, dagveTanxmebiT, rom axalgazrdebis ganaTlebis maRali

donisa da maTSi arsebuli potencialis sruli realizebis

uzrunvelsayofad, aucilebelia, rom skolebSi usafrTxo da

mowesrigebuli garemo arsebobdes. magram ra xdeba realobaSi?

realobaSi, gamomdinare maTi asakobrivi Taviseburebebidan,

mozardebi yovelTvis pouloben konfliqtis sababs, skolaSic

da mis kedlebs gareTac. albaT gqoniaT gamocdilebaSi iseTi

situacia, rodesac Tqven an Tqveni megobari yvelanairad

cdilobdiT saxlSi darCenas imis gamo, rom ubralod geSinodaT

skolaSi wasvlis. aseTi aranormaluri viTarebis Secvla

namdvilad SesaZlebelia da amaze metyvelebs is dadebiTi

magaliTebi, romlebic bolo drois gamocdilebidan dagrovda

(saubaria ucxoeTis skolebis gamocdilebaze, radgan

saqarTvelos aseTi gamocdileba jer-jerobiT ar gaaCnia).

kerZod, arsebobs monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom konfliqtebis

mogvarebis swavlebas SeuZlia mniSvnelovnad Seamciros

gakveTilebis gacdenebis ricxvi, disciplinis sxvadasxvagvari

darRvevis SemTxvevebi, CxubSi gadazrdili TamaSebisa da

mSoblebTan warmoqmnili kamaTebis raodenoba. ucxoeli

specialistebi saubroben imazec, rom konfliqtebis

mogvarebis swavlebas ukeTesi Sedegebi moaqvs, Tu igi

Zaladobisa da danaSaulis Semcirebis erTiani, kargad

gaazrebuli sistemis Semadgeneli nawili xdeba, Tumca Cvens

SemTxvevaSi es calke saubris Temaa.

umTavresi daskvna ki aseTia: savsebiT realuria CaverioT

mozardTa konfliqtebSi da ar davuSvaT maTi gadasvla

ZaladobaSi.

skolaSi, specialuri sagnebis Seswavlis garda, swavlis sxva,

aranakleb mniSvnelovani procesebic mimdinareobs. zustad aq

swavloben bavSvebi pirovnul urTierTobebs da sxvebTan erTad

erT sociumSi Tanaarsebobas, aq eZlevaT maT saSualeba

mosinjon da moirgon sakuTar Tavze sxvadasxva socialuri

roli — mSoblebis, TanamSromlebis, liderebis da a.S. am

garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom

bavSvebma skolidanve daiwyon konfliqtebis marTvis unar-

Cvevebis aTviseba, radgan konfliqtebis marTva gacilebiT

ufro metia, vidre problemis mogvarebis procesebis ubralo

krebuli: didi, globaluri sakiTxebis mogvareba

damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor urTierToben adamianebi

erTmaneTSi yoveldRiurad.

saskolo konfliqtebis umetesoba mozardebs Soris arsebuli

gansxvavebebiTaa ganpirobebuli. kulturuli konfliqtebi

emyareba erovnul an moqalaqeobriv sxvaobebs, socialuri

konfliqtebis mizezia sqesis, sqesobrivi orientaciis,

socialuri jgufis, mrwamsis, fizikuri da gonebrivi

SesaZleblobebis sxvaobebi. pirovnuli da institucionaluri

reaqcia amgvar gansxvavebebze SesaZloa gamovlindes

diskriminaciaSi, stereotipebis SeqmnaSi, tendenciur

damokidebulebaSi, devnasa da zogjer fizikuri zianis

miyenebaSic. mgoni, zedmetia imis axsna, Tu raoden aqtualuria

es yvelaferi Cveni qveynis pirobebSic.

unda iTqvas, rom aseTi tipis konfliqtebi Zalian rTulia

Tavisi bunebiT, radgan maTi fesvebi ara mxolod kulturuli

da socialuri mravalferovnebiT gamowveul diskriminaciaSia,

aramed am diskriminaciis safuZvelze Camoyalibebuli

araTanasworuflebianobisa da privilegirebulobis

struqturebSia Cakiruli. kofnliqtebis mogvarebis swavleba

am problemebsac mimarTavs, radgan yovelTvis cdilobs wina

planze wamowios gansxvavebuli Tvalisazrisis danaxvis, misi

pativiscemisa da aRiarebis aucilebloba.

dResdReobiT ucxoeTis saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi

(skolebsa da kolejebSi) konfliqtebis mogvarebis swavleba

oTxi ZiriTadi midgomiT xorcieldeba. mokled aRvwerT

TiToeuls:

konfliqtebis

mogvarebis

swavlebas SeuZlia

Seamciros

disciplinaluri

darRvevebis ricxvi,

CxubSi gadazrdili

TamaSebis da

mSoblebTan

warmoqmnili

kamaTebis

raodenoba

131

132

konfliqtebis

mogvarebis

swavleba oTxi

ZiriTadi

midgomiT

xorcieldeba.

maT Sorisaa

mediaciis

programebic

Þ programuli: aseTi midgoma gulisxmobs konfliqtebis

mogvarebis saswavlo programis SemuSavebas da misTvis

saaTebis garkveuli raodenobis gamoyofas. skolebSi,

romlebmac aseTi midgoma arCies, konfliqtebis marTva

Cveulebrivi saskolo sagnebis ricxvSi Sedis. sainteresoa,

rom konfliqtebis marTvas aswavlian yvelas – dawyebiT

klasebsac da ufrosklaselebsac. saswavlo programebis

Sedgena moswavleTa asakobrivi jgufebis gaTvaliswinebiT

xdeba; ucvleli rCeba mxolod swavlebis meTodebi, –

gakveTilebi saxaliso xasiaTs atarebs da uxvadaa

Sezavebuli sxvadasxva TamaSebiTa da praqtikuli

savarjiSoebiT. konfliqtebis mogvarebis savaldebulo

swavleba SesaZlebelia agreTve klasgareSe gakveTilebis,

an intensiuri speckursis saxiT, romelic drois garkveul

intervalze, magaliTad erT semestrzea gaTvlili.

Þ mediaciis programebi: mediaciis programebis

ganxorcieleba sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba, Tumca zogadad

maTi arsi SemdegSi mdgomareobs: skolis moswavleebs, an

Tavad pedagogebs survilisamebr SeuZliaT Seiswavlon

konfliqtebis mogvarebis safuZvlebi da mediaciis

procesi. swavlebis dasrulebis Semdgom am adamianebs aqvT

sakmarisi codna da unar-Cvevebi, raTa SesTavazon

konfliqtSi myof mozardebs mesame neitraluri mxaris

profesionaluri daxmareba.

Þ mSvidobiani saklaso oTaxi: es aris ufro farTo

xasiaTis meTodologia; konfliqtebis mogvareba erTgvari

ideologiis rangSia ayvanili da Tanabradaa Sezavebuli

rogorc saskolo programis yvela saganSi, aseve klasis

marTvis strategiebSi. mSvidobiani saklaso oTaxebisgan

Semdeg doneze – mSvidobian skolebze gadavdivarT:

Þ mSvidobiani skola: rogorc ukve vTqviT, es aris

mSvidobian saklaso oTaxebze dayrdnobiT damuSavebuli

meTodologia, romelic mTliani skolis masStabiT muSaobs.

konfliqtebis mogvarebis principebi da procesebi ara

mxolod saklaso oTaxis, aramed mTliani skolis marTvaSia

gamjdari da mas yvela swavlobs da iyenebs – dawyebuli

biblioTekis personalidan, maswavleblebidan Tu

direqtoridan da damTavrebuli moswavleebiTa da maTi

mSoblebiT.

mediaciis

programebi

skolebSi

gvinda ufro dawvrilebiT SevCerdeT mediaciis programebis

aRweraze, da amas, gavimeorebT, mxolod ucxouri

gamocdilebis safuZvelze gavakeTebT, ragdan, samwuxarod,

saqarTveloSi aseTi programebi jer-jerobiT ar amuSavebula.

pirvel rigSi unda iTqvas, rom sxvadasxva skolebSi

gansxvavebuli mediaciis programebi xorcieldeba, radgan

yoveli konkretuli skola TavisTvis yvelaze ufro

moxerxebul midgomas iyenebs, sakuTari resursebisa Tu sxva

konkretuli pirobebidan da interesebidan gamomdinare.

saskolo mediaciis ZiriTadi arsi ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom

skolas gaaCnia specialurad momzadebuli mediatorebis

jgufi, romlebic mzad arian nebismier dros daexmaron

konfliqtSi CarTul mxareebs gaarkvion urTierToba da

miaRwion SeTanxmebas.

aseTi jgufis Camosayalibeblad saWiroa saguldagulod

SeirCes potenciuri mediatorebi. sxvaTa Soris, mediatorebad

SeiZleba moamzado rogorc mozardebi, aseve maTi

maswavleblebi. zogierT SemTxvevaSi mediatoris rols skolis

fsiqologic asrulebs. SerCeuli jgufi gaivlis

konfliqtebis mogvarebis principebisa da safuZvlebis

trenings, romelSic gansakuTrebuli adgili daeTmoba

mediaciis procesis gacnobas da misi warmarTvis unar-Cvevebis

dauflebas. treningis dasrulebisTanave momzadebul

mediatorebs SeuZliaT daiwyon TavianTi moRvaweoba da

SesTavazon mesame neitraluri mxaris daxmareba maT, visac

konfliqti, an uTanxmoeba aqvs, da visac aqvs survili miiRos

aseTi daxmareba.

konfliqtebis

mogvarebis

kulturas iseTive

daufleba

sWirdeba, rogorc

sxva Cveulebriv

saskolo sagnebs

133

134

saskolo

mediaciis

programebidan

erT-erTi

yvelaze

popularulia

TanatolTa

mediacia

cxadia, imisaTvis, rom aseTi survili gaCndes, skolaSi yvelam

unda icodes, Tu ra aris mediacia, rogor process sTavazobs

igi konfliqtSi CarTul mxareebs da ras miaRweven isini am

procesSi monawileobis Sedegad. amitomaa, rom yvela skolaSi,

sadac mediaciis programas amkvidreben, paralelurad tardeba

konfliqtebis mogvarebis swavlebis specialuri kursi, raTa

skolis absoluturad yvela moswavlem kargad icodes, Tu ra

aris zogadad konfliqti, rogoria misi konstruqciuli da

araZaladobrivi mogvarebis gzebi, da ratomaa kargi mediacia,

rogorc erT-erTi aseTi gza (ra Tqma unda, iseT skolebSi,

sadac konfliqtebis mogvareba raRaca saxiT – klasgareSe, an

saskolo programis farglebSi – ukve iswavleba, aseTi

speckursis SemoReba saWiro aRaraa). garda amisa, skolis yvela

moswavlem unda icodes, Tu konkretulad ra xdeba mediaciis

procesis dros. xSirad, am mizniT, axlad momzadebul

mediatorTa wyvili sagangebod Sedis yvela saklaso oTaxSi da

Tavisi momavali saqmianobis mokle prezentacias akeTebs,

romlis drosac “saCvenebeli” procesis gaTamaSebacaa

gaTvaliswinebuli.

garda moswavleebisa, mediacias unda gaecnos agreTve skolis

mTliani personalic, dawyebuli maswavlebliTa da

damTavrebuli damlageblebiT. amiT miiRweva is, rom skolis

yvela “mobinadre” saerTo eniT saubrobs da aravisTvisaa ucxo,

an saSayiro is ambavi, rom konfliqtebis mogvarebis kulturas

iseTive daufleba sWirdeba, rogorc sxva Cveulebriv saskolo

sagnebs.

zogierT skolebSi Tvlian, rom saukeTeso Sedegebis misaRwevad

am procesSi mSoblebic unda CarTo da maTTvis am Temaze

ramodenime leqcia an seminari moawyo. seminarebis dros

mSoblebs uyvebian mediciis programis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb

da sTxoven maqsimalurad Seecadon TavianT SvilebSi

gansxvavebuli azris mimarT pativiscemis waxaliseba. SesaZloa,

am Segonebam yovelTvis ar imoqmedos, magram zogierTi mSobeli

namdvilad Seecdeba bavSvTan urTierTobaSi aqtiuri mosmenis,

“me”- Setyobinebebisa da konfliqtebis mogvarebis xelSemwyobi

sxva xerxebis gamoyenebas.

unda iTqvas, rom saskolo mediacia ar gulisxmobs mxolod

moswavleebs Soris aRmocenebuli konfliqtebis mogvarebas. es

SesaZloa iyos konfliqti moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris,

an konfliqti skolis TanamSromlebs Soris, an sulac skolis

maswavlebelsa da erT-erT ukmayofilo mSobels Soris.

a aris TanatolTa mediacia?

rogorc ukve vaxseneT, saskolo mediaciis programebi

sxvadasxvagvaria, da maT Soris erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli

dResdReobiT TanatolTa mediaciis programebia. mediaciis

sxva programebisgan maTi ZiriTadi gansxvaveba imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom mediatorebis rolSi aq mxolod da mxolod

mozardebi gamodian – ara maswavleblebi, ara skolis

direqtori da ara fsiqologi, aramed Tanaklaseli,

Tanaskoleli, rigiTi moswavle, erTi sityviT – Tanatoli.

aRmoCnda, rom mozardebs SeuZliaT sakmaod efeqturi

mediatorebi iyvnen, radgan maT kargad esmiT TavianTi

Tanatolebis; isini mediaciis procesis asakobriv Sesadagebas

axerxeben, imsaxureben TanatolTa pativiscemas da

konfliqtebis mogvarebas cxovrebis erT-erT normad

aRiqvaven.

Tanatolebs SeuZliaT erTmaneTTan iseTi urTierTobis

damyareba, romelic ufrosebis SesaZleblobebs scildeba.

axalgazrda mediatorebs ZaluZT gaiziaron TanatolTa xedva,

maTi ena, ganwyobebi da a.S. Tavis mxriv, mozardebi, romlebic

midian mediaciaze, aRiqvaven mas rogor problemaze saubris

iseT saSualebas, romlis drosac SegiZlia ar geSinodes, rom

ufrosebi gagkicxaven, Segifaseben qcevas, azrebs, an gancdebs.

Tanatol mediatorebs pativs scemen, radgan isini Tavad scemen

pativs mokamaTe mxareebs. TanatolTa mediacia amaRlebs

mozardebSi TviT-Sefasebasa da disciplinas: rodesac

axalgazrdebi xedaven, rom SeuZliaT sakuTari problemebis

damoukidebeli mogvareba, isini miRebul Sedegebze met

pasuxismgeblobas grZnoben da meti mondomebiT asruleben

miRweul SeTanxmebebsa Tu dapirebebs.

TanatolTa mediaciis programebi yvela axalgazrdas

konfliqtebis konstruqciuli mogvarebis saSualebas

sTavazobs. kargad momzadebuli axalgazrda mediatorebi

iZenen da iTaviseben konfliqtebis mogvarebis unar-Cvevebs,

romlebic maT cxovrebaSi mravalgzis daexmareba. zustad am

mizezis gamo bevri specialisti Tvlis, rom TanatolTa

mediaciis programebi izolirebulad ki ar unda

xorcieldebodes, aramed skolebSi konfliqtebis mogvarebis

swavlebis ganuyrel nawils warmoagendes.

mozardebi

sakmoad efeqturi

mediatorebi

arian, radgan

SeuZliaT

TanatolebTan

iseTi

urTierTobis

damyareba,

romelic

ufrosebis

SesaZleblobebs

scildeba

135

136

naxatis avtori - jumber lomTaTiZe

q.walkis qarTuli sajaro skola

ucxouri wyaroebi irwmunebian, rom mediaciis programebis

gamoyeneba skolebSi mniSvnelovnad amcirebs disciplinaruli

zomebis raodenobas, konfliqtebisa da problemebis

mogvarebaze daxarjul dros da, rac mTavaria, mkveTrad

aumjobesebs mTlianad skolis klimats.

am krebulis momdevno statiaSi Tqven mogecemaT saSualeba

ufro dawvrilebiT SeityoT, Tu rogor SeiZleba daigegmos da

dainergos Tanatola mediaciis programa TviT mozardTa

TaosonobiT da maTi aqtiuri monawileobiT.

137

138

TanatolTa

mediacia:

ideidan

saqmemde!

nebismier skolas yoveldRiurad uwevs moswavleebs Soris

gaCenili konfliqtebis mogvareba. mediacia saSualebas aZlevs

moswavleebs Tavad moagvaron TavianTi konfliqtebi,

ufrosebis mxridan mza gadawyvetilebebis Tavze moxvevis

gareSe. mediaciis programebi aviTarebs moswavleebSi

komunikaciisa da problemebis mogvarebis unar-Cvevebs da

konfliqtSi CarTuli mxareebisagan moiTxovs konfliqtur

situaciaze pasuxismgeblobis sakuTar Tavze aRebas, rac

aucilebeli pirobaa misi mogvarebisaTvis.

TanatolTa mediaciis dros, moswavleebi, romlebsac gavlili

aqvT specialuri momzadeba mediaciaSi, sakuTar Tavze iReben

mesame neitraluri mxaris rols da exmarebian skolis sxva

moswavleebs maTi konfliqtebis mogvarebaSi. TanatolTa

mediaciiT, rogorc wesi, gvardeba Semdegi tipis saskolo

problemebi: Worebi, enis mitana, dabezReba, kulturaTa

sxvaobis niadagze aRmoCenili konfliqtebi, sityvieri da

fizikuri Seuracxyofa, motyueba, qurdoba da sxva.

gvinda SemogTavazoT ramdenime praqtikuli rCeva, romlebic

emyareba TanatolTa mediaciis programis ganxorcielebis

erT-erT gamocdil strategias. ra Tqma unda, es strategia,

romelmac ukve gaira erTgvari testireba dasavleTis

skolebSi, ver iqneba idealuri Cveni pirobebisaTvis, magram is

aucileblad gamogadgebaT, rogorc kargi saxelmZRvanelo,

rodesac daapirebT TanatolTa mediaciis programis Tqvens

skolaSi, an saswavlebelSi danergvas.

nabiji pirveli: miznad daisaxeT

TanatolTa mediaciis programis

danergva; moekideT mas, rogorc Tqvens

sakuTar saqmes!

Tu axalgazrdebs miecaT saSualeba Tavad mixedon programis

ganxorcielebas, isini ukeT gaiTaviseben saqmes da

damoukideblad gadadgaven misi SesrulebisaTvis saWiro

nabijebs. dasavleTis qveynebSi ganxorcielebuli sxvadasxva

programebis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom mozardebs surT miiRon

monawileoba maTTvis mniSvnelovani problemebisa da sakiTxebis

gadawyvetaSi; maT surT, rom gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas maTi

azric gaiTvaliswinon. WeSmariti monawileoba ki iwyeba maSin,

rodesac mozardebi Tavad arian CarTulebi programaSi da

garkveviT arian informirebulebi TavianTi rolebis Sesaxeb.

amitom, Tu axalgazrdebi mzad arian Tavad mouaron sakuTar

problemebs - SeTanxmdiT da gadadgiT es pirveli nabiji!

Þ momavlis suraTis Seqmna

iseve, rogorc nebismieri procesis dros, aqac pirvel rigSi

unda arsebobdes momavlis xedva – naTeli warmodgena imisa,

Tu risi miRweva gsurT. aseTi xedvis Camoyalibebas, rogorc

wesi, uZRveba lideri, adamiani, romelsac SeuZlia Tavisi xedvis

sityvieri gadmocema sxvebisaTvis da misi miRwevisaTvis

kompetenturi da energiuli gundis Seqmna. Tu skolaSi

arsebobs aseTi lideri, romelsac SeuZlia am amocanis daZleva,

SeikribeT erTad da maSinve SeudeqiT meore etapis

ganxorcielebas.

Þ am suraTSi sakuTari adgilis danaxva

rogorc ki gundi gaerkveva lideris mier Camoyalibebul

xedvaSi, saWiroa, rom gundis TiToeulma wevrma amjerad ukve

Tavisi TvaliT “dainaxos” Seqmnili suraTi, ipovos masSi

sakuTari Tavi, moergos mas, mixvdes, Tu rogori SeiZleba iyos

misi roli da funqcia am suraTis konteqstSi. rogorc ki am

kiTxvebze pasuxi iarsebebs, es niSnavs, rom iwyeba xedvis

mediacia

saSualebas aZlevs

moswavleebs

Tavad moagvaron

TavianTi

konfliqtebi,

ufrosebis

mxridan mza

gadawyvetilebebis

Tavze moxvevis

gareSe

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140

gaTavisebis procesi da saqme, romelsac gegmavT, piradad

Tqveni xdeba, Tqven xdebiT masze pasuxismgebeli da Tqvenzea

damokidebuli misi warmatebiT dagvirgvineba.

Þ suraTSi sakuTari adgilis sabolood damkvidreba

mesame etapze gundma unda gariskos da aiRos realuri

valdebuleba saqmesTan mimarTebaSi. amieridan es saqme

cxovrebis prioriteti unda gaxdes da SesaZloa gundis wevrebs

raRac msxverplis gaRebac ki mouwioT misTvis. dasaxuli

suraTis misaRwevad sakmarisad bevri dro da energiaa saWiro,

es ki imas niSnavs, rom gundis wevrebs bevri sxva raRacis,

magaliTad, diskoTekebze siarulis, an kompiuterze TamaSis

daTmoba mouwevT.

Þ bevri ver uZlebs siZneleebs da “TamaSidan gadis”

rodesac mozardebi igrZnoben TavianTi valdebulebis

safasurs, maT SesaZloa yoymani daiwyon. am etapze is mozardebi,

romlebic ver gauZleben siZneleebs, process Camoscildebian.

amisaTvis bevri mizezi dasaxeldeba: “mapatieT, magram mSoblebi

ar maZleven uflebas..”, “ar SemiZlia am saqmes amdeni dro

davuTmo sxva raRaceebis xarjze”, “sul axlaxans viavadmyofe

da ar minda mdgomareoba gaviuareso”... da a.S.

Þ bevri Sroma iqneba saWiro

xedvis ganxorcielebas uzRvavi energia da Sroma sWirdeba.

mozardebs mouwevT gansakuTrebuli sibejiTis gamoCena, raTa

daabalanson, erTis mxriv, skolis gakveTilebze daswreba da

zogadad swavla, da, meores mxriv, TanatolTa mediaciis

programis monawilis movaleobebi (damatebiTi Sexvedrebi,

mediaciis unar-Cvevebis gavarjiSeba, damatebiTi

literaturis kiTxva konfliqtebsa da Zaladobaze).

TanatolTa mediatorebi Zalian Tavdadebulebi unda iyvnen,

radgan maT SesaZloa mediatoroba skolis gamocdebis drosac

mouwioT. ase rom, maT ormagi Sroma mouwevT, maT Soris

gacdenili gakveTilebis anazRaureba, zogjer ki gamocdebis

da testebis naadrevi Cabarebac ki!

Þ es arc ise cudi yofila!

Sromisa da mudmivi datvirTvis fasad mozardebi namdvilad

daesakuTrebian process, xolo maTi sakuTari Tavis mimarT

rwmena da saqmisadmi Tavdadebis xarisxi gaizrdeba. am etapze

isini nel-nela SeeCvevian cxovrebis axal reJims da dadgeba

dro, rodesac darwmundebian, rom “es yvelaferi arc ise cudi

da damRleli yofila, rogorc Tavidan Canda!”

Þ gamZleobis Semowmeba (sxvebi Seecdebian gamarjvebis

moparvas)

rodesac programa pirvel warmatebebs miaRwevs, gundi mzad unda

iyos moigerios isini, visac am etapze moundeba programaSi uceb

Semosvla da misi kuTvnili warmatebis nawilobriv misakuTreba.

SesaZloa aseTi etapi arc ganviTardes, magram Tu ganviTardeba,

saqmes namdvilad aurevs. daiwyeba Worebi, Zalauflebis mopovebis

mcdelobebi, aTasgvari sxva wvrilmani konfliqti da usiamovneba.

am dros bevri mozardi seriozulad fiqrobs xolme yvelafers

Tavi daanebos, radgan mas moTmineba eleva.

Þ problemebis daZleva da gamocdilebis SeZena!

Sua gzaze programaSi SemoRwevis mcdelobebs erTi dadebiTi

momenti axlavs Tan: gundi damatebiTi energiiTa da

mondomebiT ibrZvis sakuTari poziciebisa da gamarjvebis

SesanarCuneblad da am dros Zalian bevrs swavlobs. xolo Tu

bevrs iswavli, SeZleb sxvebsac aswavlo.

nabiji meore: administraciis

mxardaWeris mopoveba

skolis administraciam unda icodes, rom skolaSi xorcieldeba

TanatolTa mediaciis programa. marTalia dafinanseba didi

iSviaTobaa, magram mainc arsebobs Sansi, rom skolam dafaros

adgilobriv, an gasvliT treningebze daswrebis xarjebi. skolas

SeuZlia dagexmaroT treningis Casatarebeli adgilis

moZebnaSi (Tumca saerTod, umjobesia treningebis skolis

gareT Catareba, raTa treningisTvis damaxasiaTebelma

aurzaurma da xmaurma xeli ar SeuSalos swavlis process).

garda amisa, skolis administracia SesaZloa dagexmaroT imis

gadawyvetaSi, Tu ra tipis problemebi Tu sakiTxebi unda

gaigzavnos samediaciod. gaxsovdeT, rom iaraRis,

narkotikebisa da sastiki fizikuri Zaladobis SemTxvevebi

aucileblad unda ganixilebodes ufrosebis mier!

nabiji mesame: ufrosi koordinatoris

povna

TanatolTa mediaciis programis koordinacia

sapasuxismgeblo saqmea. programis warmatebis sawindaria

masTan SexebaSi myof yvela adamianTan Ria komunikacia. ase rom,

skolis

administraciis

mxardaWera

aucilebelia

TanatolTa

mediaciis

programis

ganxorcielebisaTvis

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142

mediaciis

programas unda

hyavdes

koordinatori,

romelic

programasTan

dakavSirebul

yvelanair

saqmianobas

gauwevs

zedamxedvelobas

programis koordinators sakmaod mniSvnelovani funqcia

akisria da evaleba saqmianobis yvela elementis zedamxedveloba

ganaxorcielos. koordinatoris rolSi SeiZleba skolis

administratori, maswavlebeli, fsiqologi, an moxalise

mSobeli gamovides. mis movaleobebSi, Sedis:

§ skolis administraciasa da mowveul trenerebs Soris

kavSiris damyareba da ganxorcieleba;

§ mediaciis programis farglebSi ufrosTa saorganizacio

komitetis mowveva da formireba;

§ treningis monawileTa SerCevis meTvalyureoba;

§ treningis organizeba da meTvalyureoba;

§ mediaciis treningSi monawileobis miReba da mediatoris

unar-Cvevebis daufleba;

§ mediaciis programis Sida-saskolo gaSuqebis organizeba,

skolis personalisa da moswavleebis informireba;

§ samediacio saqmeebis SerCevis proceduris SemuSaveba;

§ programisTvis Sesabamisi werilobiTi formebis SemuSaveba;

§ mediaciis procesis wvrilmani detalebis ganmarteba,

moswavleTa darwmuneba, raTa maT konfliqtur situaciebSi

mimarTon mediacias;

§ samediacio sesiebis daniSvna da maTi Casatarebeli adgilis

uzrunvelyofa;

§ TiToeuli SemTxvevisaTvis Sesatyvisi mediatorebis

SerCeva;

§ Tu saWiroa, mediaciis sesiebze daswreba;

§ mediatorebTan

gasaumjobeseblad;

muSaoba maTi unar-Cvevebis

§ mediatorebTan erTad mediaciis sesiebis ganxilva maTi

dasrulebis Semdgom;

§ mediatorTa gundTan regularuli Sexvedrebis Catareba

gundis ganmtkicebis mizniT;

§ Canawerebis warmoeba da mediaciis Semdgomi sesiebis

daniSvna konfliqtis mxareTa moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi;

§ axali mediatorebis ayvana;

§ mediatorTa gundis motivacia maTi mxridan mudmivi

dainteresebisa da enTuziazmis uzrunvelsayofad;

§ mediatorebisTvis Semdgomi, sakvalifikacio treningebis

organizeba

am siidan gamomdinare naTelia, rom koordinatorma am saqmes

sakmao dro unda dauTmos. Sesabamisad, zogierT skolaSi

urCevniaT hyavdeT ramdenime koorindatori, rac kidev ufro

ganamtkicebs gunduri muSaobis principebs, da stimuls aZlevs

gundis wevrebs Soris TanamSromlobas.

nabiji meoTxe: mSobelTa jgufebisagan

mxardaWeris mopoveba

aucileblad CarTeT programaSi mSoblebi da sTxoveT maT

daxmareba programis mokle da grZlevadiani

sicocxlisunarianobis uzrunvelyofaSi. mSoblebi marTlac

udidesi resursia, romelic skolam unda aiTvisos. sTxoveT

maT; isini aucileblad dagiTmoben dros da imuSaveben

moxaliseebad. bevri maTgani Zalian dainteresdeba kidec

programaSi monawileobiT, zogierTi ki SeZlebs, Tavisi

profesiidan gamomdinare, usasyidlod daexmaros skolas.

aqve SevecadoT vupasuxoT kiTxvas: saidan SeiZleba

modiodes mediaciis programis dafinanseba?

programas rogorc moklevadiani, aseve grZelvadiani miznebi

da finansuri saWiroebebi gaaCnia. fuli SesaZloa saWiro gaxdes

Semdegi RonisZiebebisaTvis:

§ ·mediatorTa swavlebis Tanxebi;

§ ·koordinatoris Sromis anazRaureba;

§ ·saxelmZRvaneloebis, videomasalis, specialuri

formebis dabeWdvis, gaSuqebis (mag., plakatebis

gamocemis) xarjebi. SesaZlebelia gakeTdes specialuri

qudebi, maisurebi da mediatorebisTvis gankuTvnili

specialuri samkerde niSnebi;

§ ·treningis masalebisa da satreningo oTaxis rentis

safasuri da sxva.

am xarjebis dasafari Tanxebi sxvadasxva wyaroebidan SeiZleba

modiodes. sazRvargareT mediaciis programebi, rogorc wesi,

erTdroulad ramdenime wyarodan finansdeba, esenia: TviT

skolis biujeti, skolis gamgeobis mxardaWera, mSobelTa da

moswavleTa mier gaRebuli saxsrebi, sxvadasxva saTemo da`an

ganaTlebis mxardamWeri fondebi.

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144

nabiji mexuTe: mediatorebis SerCeva

vin unda gaxdes mediatori? mediatorTa SerCeva SesaZloa

rTuli procesi iyos, radgan masSi bevri momentia

gasaTvaliswinebeli. SeecadeT, ise SearCioT potenciur

mediatorTa gundi, rom igi warmomadgenlobiTi iyos

konkretuli skolisaTvis, rac imas niSnavs, rom gundis wevrebi

unda iyvnen SerCeulni skolaSi warmodgenili yvela kulturis,

qcevis, akademiuri moswrebisa Tu socialuri warmoSobis

gaTvaliswinebiT. unda gaxsovdeT, rom Tu momaval

mediatorebad mxolod karg moswavleebs (xuTosnebs) SearCevT,

isini, vinc am kategorias ar miekuTvnebian, ubralod aRar

miiReben programaSi monawileobas.

kidev ramdenime ram, rac unda gaiTvaliswinoT:

§ rogoria kandidatebis weriTi da zepiri komunikaciuri

unar-Cvevebi;

§ SeZleben Tu ara moswavleebi Tavad gamoiCinon

iniciativa da Caeweron treningze, Tu

§ treningze moiwvevT mxolod maT, visac maswavleblebi

gauweven rekomendacias?

§ rogor SeafasebT da rogor SearCevT sabolood

kandidatebs?

§ SerCeulma moswavleebma garkveuli piroba unda dadon

programaSi monawileobis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT;

§ SerCeuli monawileebi regularulad unda eswrebodnen

Sexvedrebs da Rebulobdnen monawileobas programis

gaSuqebaSi;

§ maT mudmivad unda imuSaon TavianTi unar-Cvevebis

daxvewaze da monawileoba miiRon axali mediatorebis

swavlebaSi;

§ im moswavleebs, romlebsac ar miiwvevT treningze, unda

SeatyobinoT amis mizezebi da, Tu es SesaZlebelia,

SepirdeT Semdgom treningze mowvevas.

potenciuri mediatorebis SerCevaSi Tavad moswavleebic

dagexmarebian, Tu maT am mizniT Sesabamis kiTxvars SesTavazebT.

kiTxvarSi Setanili kiTxvebi daaxloebiT aseTi unda iyos:

§ daasaxeleT, TqvenTvis nacnobi Tanaskolelebidan vis

SeuZlia kargad mosmena?

§ vis (am skolis romel moswavles) SeuZlia yvelaze kargad

dagexmaroT problemis mogvarebaSi?

da a.S.

§ vis (am skolis romel moswavles) SeuZlia saukeTeso

rCeva mogceT maSin, rodesac Tqven garTulebuli gaqvT

urTierToba romelime megobarTan?

§ icnobT Tu ara am skolaSi moswavles, romelic

gamoirCeva Tavisi mSvidi manerebiTa da

keTilganwyobiT?

gaxsovdeT: TanatolTa mediaciis dros ori mediatori muSaobs.

es ki imas niSnavs, rom orma adamianma wyvilSi unda imuSaos da

erTmaneTs mxari unda dauWiros. Tu erT-erTs gauWirdeba

situaciis marTva, meorem Tavis Tavze unda aiRos procesis

wayvana; Tu erT-erTi mTlianad garTulia procesSi, meores

SeuZlia amasobaSi saWiro Canawerebi gaakeTos. garda amisa,

mediatorTa wyvili Zalze efeqturia araerTgvarovani

konfliqtebis mogvarebisas; magaliTad, Tu konfliqtis

mxareebs warmoadgenen maswavlebeli da moswavle, mediatorTa

wyvilic, Sesabamisad, moswavlisa da maswavleblisgan

dakompleqtdeba, rac ueWvelad gazrdis mediaciis procesis

efeqturobas, radgan aseT viTarebaSi mxareebi ufro

komfortulad igrZnoben Tavs.

xSirad xdeba, rom “sust” moswavleebad Seracxuli mozardebi

brwyinvale mediatorebi gamodian. treningi aZlevs am

axalgazrdebs SesaZleblobas sargebeli moutanon TavianT

skolas, rasac xSirad mosdevs am bavSvebis TviTSefasebisa da

sakuTar ZalebSi rwmenis gazrda.

nabiji meeqvse: Tanatol mediatorTa

treningi

rodis unda Catardes treningi? es mniSvnelovani sakiTxia,

radgan treningis dros moswavleebs uwevT skolis

gakveTilebis gacdena da maswavleblebs am faqtis mimarT

sxvadasxva damokidebuleba aqvT. aseT situaciaSi erT-erTi

kargi argumentia is, rom treningis dros moswavleebi

euflebian efeqtur komunikacias, mosmenis da konfliqtebis

mogvarebis unar-Cvevebs, rac pirovnuli da akademiuri zrdisa

da ganviTarebis Zlieri damaCqarebelia. imisaTvis, raTa

treningis gamo gacdenili gakveTilebis raodenoba minimumamde

daviyvanoT, treningis sesiebi sxvadasxva dros unda dainiSnos

– zogi dRisiT, zogi – saRamos, zogic – SabaT-kviras da

sakmaod xSiria

SemTxvevebi,

rodesac

uaryofiTad

Seracxuli

moswavleebi

brwyinvale

mediatorebi

gamodian

145

146

TanatolTa

mediaciaSi

konfidencialobis

sakiTxs

garkveuli

gamonaklisebi

gaaCnia

dResaswaulebze da a.S. treningis dawyebis Sesaxeb yvela

maswavlebeli winaswar unda iyos gaafrTxilebuli.

nabiji meSvide: gamocdili trenerebis

mowveva

aucileblad izruneT imaze, rom mediatorTa treningi

gamocdilma, kvalificiurma trenerebma Caataron.

nabiji merve: mediaciis sesiebi da

Semdgomi RonisZiebebi

sad unda Catardes mediacia? saukeTeso variantia, rodesac

skolas gaaCnia saamisod gamoyofili specialuri oTaxi,

romelsac droTa ganmavlobaSi mediaciis centris saxelwodeba

mieniWeba. am oTaxis gamoyenebas ara mxolod mediaciis

sesiebisaTvis, aramed treningisa da samuSao SexvedrebisTvisac

SesZlebT. specialuri oTaxi kargi safuZvelia mediaciis

programis swrafi ganviTarebisaTvis. Tu aseTi oTaxi ar

arsebobs, maSin adgilis SerCevisas unda ifiqroT Semdegze:

mediacia iTxovs simSvidesa da gancalkevebas. mediaciis oTaxi

unda iyos sakmaod didi, raTa daitios mediaciasTan

dakavSirebuli masalebi - stendebi, plakatebi, literatura.

kargia, Tu masSi gamoyofili iqneba mxareebTan winaswari

gasaubrebis sivrce da TviT sesiebisaTvis gankuTvnili kuTxe.

ukeTesia, samediacio oTaxi skolis SenobaSi mdebareobdes,

raTa moswavle-mediators Sors wasvla ar uwevdes.

rodis gaimarTeba xolme mediaciis sesiebi? mxolod

lanCis dros? rogorc ki konfliqti gaCndeba? Tu mxolod

skolis gakveTilebis damTavrebis Semdeg? es sakiTxic

gadasawyveti da SesaTanxmebelia.

ras upirebT konfidencialobas? mxareTa Soris arsebuli

konfliqtis mimarT sruli konfidencialobis SenarCuneba

mediaciis programis warmatebis sawindaria. mediatorebs ar

SeuZliaT konfidencialuri informaciis gamxela.

konfidencialobis umniSvnelo darRvevac ki sagrZnoblad

daazianebs mediaciis programas. es sakiTxi imdenad

mniSvnelovania, rom saWiroa treningis dros misTvis calke

sesiis daTmoba da moswavle-mediatorebTan am Temaze samuSao

Sexvedris mowyoba.

amave dros sagulisxmoa, rom skolis administraciam winaswar

unda gansazRvros is informacia, romelic, mediatorebisTvis

misi gamxelis SemTxvevaSi, dauyonebliv unda ecnobos

programis koordinators, an skolis direqtors. es SesaZloa

exebodes seqsualur Zaladobas, bavSvebTan sastik mopyrobas,

TviTmkvlelobas, narkotikebis moxmarebas, an iaraRis tarebas.

konfidencialobis es gamonaklisebi winaswar unda ecnobos

mediaciaze misul mxareebs. ukeTesia, rom

konfidencialobasTan dakavSirebul yvelanair wvrilmanze

informireba gaakeTos programis koordinatorma, mxareebTan

winaswari Sexvedris dros. Tu es sakiTxi mediaciis dros

amotivtivda, maSin ukve mediatorebi iZlevian ganmartebas da

ekiTxebian mxareebs, surT Tu ara maT mediaciis gagrZeleba.

mediatorebma unda agreTve acnobon mxareebs, Tu vis gadaecema

maTgan miRebuli informacia, da SesTavazon mxareebs, rom

Tavad daeswron informaciis skolis direqtorisadmi (an

programis koordinatorisadmi) gadacemis process.

ra mxardaWera da damatebiTi treningi CautardebaT

mediatorebs? mediatorTa gundi regularul Sexvedrebs

saWiroebs, garda amisa, mas sWirdeba arsebuli unar-Cvevebis

daxvewa`gavarjiSeba da motivireba. ifiqreT am Sexvedrebis

sixSireze, vin iqneba maTi organizatori, vin wauZRveba maT, sad

da rodis Catardeba isini. moifiqreT, rogor SeiZleba

mediatorTa Sromis aRiareba da waxaliseba.

nabiji mecxre: Tqveni programis

popularizacia da misi ganviTarebis

xelSewyoba

rogor gaaSuqebT programas?

rac ufro meti iqneba informacia programaze, miT ukeTesi.

skolis personalisaTvis Tavidan isedac rTulia programis

miReba, miTumetes Tu masze Zalian mcire informacia eqnebaT.

igive SeiZleba iTqvas moswavleebze, romlebic, informaciis

uqonlobis SemTxvevaSi, ar isargebleben mediaciis procesiT

da amiT yvelaferi damTavrdeba. amdenad, Zalze mniSvnelovania,

rom skolis sazogadoebam icodes mediaciis Sesaxeb da imis

Sesaxeb, Tu rogor xdeba saqmis aReba da ganxilva.

ramdenime rCeva programis reklamirebisaTvis:

§ moaxdineT programis prezentacia da CarTeT masSi

mediaciis procesis sademonstracio roluri TamaSi;

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148

TanatolTa

mediaciis

programis

amuSavebamde

aucilebelia

skolis

administraciis

mxardaWeris

mopoveba

§ mediatorebs SeuZliaT ewvion saklaso oTaxebs da

moswavleebs mediaciis programis Sesaxeb TavianTi

praqtikuli gamocdileba gauziaron;

§ skolis kedlebze gakruli plakatebi Seaxsenebn yvelas,

rom skolaSi moqmedebs mediaciis programa;

§ skolis gamocemebSi da adgilobriv gazeTebSi

gamoqveynebuli publikaciebi iZlevian saSualebas

Tqveni programis sxvadasxva aspeqti gaSuqdes.

programis Catarebaze Tanxmobis miReba. skolaSi

TanatolTa mediaciis programis sruli masStabiT

amuSavebamde aucilebelia skolis administraciisa da

personalis im nawilis mxardaWeris mopoveba, romlebic ar

arian pirdapiri gziT CarTulebi am programaSi. zustad am

dros programaSi monawile moswavleebs eZlevaT saSualeba

gamoavlinon TavianTi unar-Cvevebi, radganac mosalodnelia,

rom skolis personalis umetesoba sakmaod skeptikurad iqneba

ganwyobili mediaciis programis mimarT; maT SeiZleba

gauWirdeT imis dajereba, rom programas realuri Sedegis

motana SeuZlia. saWiroa skolis pedagogTa Sexvedrebze

Sesabamisi prezentaciebis mudmivad keTeba da maTTvis

miRweuli Sedegebis gacnoba. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom aseTi

SexvedrisaTvis mxolod 20 wuTi dagiTmon, ase rom mogiwevT

gamoiyenoT efeqturi prezentaciis Cvevebi da mokled da

yovlismomcvelad moaxsenoT Sekrebilebs programis arsi.

rogorc wesi, aseTi prezentacia unda daiwyos TanatolTa

mediaciis ganmartebiT; Semdeg, ukeTesi TvalsaCinoebisaTvis,

mokle roluri TamaSis meSveobiT mediaciis procesis

demonstrirebis moxdenac SeiZleba. daitoveT ramdenime wuTi

kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad.

skolis moswavleTa daintereseba. Semdgomi etapia skolis

moswavleebis informireba imis Sesaxeb, rom mediatorTa gundi

Camoyalibebulia da mzad aris daiwyos realur konfliqtebze

muSaoba. amisaTvis ramdenime strategiaa gamosadegi. erT-erTi

strategiaa mediatorebis dayofa wyvilebad da maTi

“mivlineba” TiToeul saklaso oTaxSi, sadac isini programis

5-wuTian wardgenas gaakeTeben da moswavleTa kiTxvebs

upasuxeben. meore strategia, romelic nakleb dros moiTxovs,

skolis moswavleTa saerTo Sekrebas iTvaliswinebs. es SeiZleba

iyos mediaciis programis specialuri oficialuri wardgena

– lanCi, an, Tu aseTi specialuri prezentaciis mowyoba

SeuZlebelia, ubralod unda isargebloT raime RonisZiebis

farglebSi mowyobili SekrebiT da iq moaxerxoT ramdenime

wuTis ganmavlobaSi prezentaciis gakeTeba.

winaswar gafrTxilebT, rom mTliani skolis winaSe aseTi tipis

prezentaciebis Catarebas aucileblad moyveba darbazidan

SeZaxilebi, xiTxiTi da a.S. es normaluri molenaa, radgan

zogierT mozards uyvars amgvarad yuradRebis miqceva. Tu

zogadad auditoriis yuradRebis SenarCunebas axerxebT, aseTi

erTeuli reaqciebis nu SegeSindebaT, radgan, maT miuxedavad,

moswavleTa umetesoba sakmaod seriozul dainteresebas

gamoiCens programis mimarT. mosalodnelia, rom TviTon

Sekrebis dros darbazidan arc ise bevri kiTxva dagisvan,

samagierod, SemdgomSi moimatebs Tqvendami kiTxvebiT

momarTvis ricxvi. amjerad ki, prezentaciis dros, SeecadeT

mxolod mokle informacia miawodoT da acnoboT, Tu sad da

visTan SeiZleba am programis Sesaxeb ufro detalurad

dalaparakeba.

kargi iqneba, Tu aseT iniciativasTan erTad Tqvens skolaSi

plakatebis kampaniac moewyoba. amisaTvis, SekribeT yela

mediatori lanCis dros, an skolis gakveTilebis Semdeg da

sTxoveT moifiqron da daxaton mediaciis programasTan

dakavSirebuli plakatebi. garda imisa, rom erT-or saaTSi

ramodenime mSvenieri plakati gamzaddeba, amave dros

mediatorTa gundis ukeT SekavSirebac da maTi gunduri

muSaobis awyobac moxerxdeba.

nabiji meaTe: mediaciis gundi rogorc

cvlilebis agenti

programa amoqmedda da ramodenime konfliqturi situacia

ukve gairCa? ese igi droa izeimoT gamarjveba! dasawyisi

yovelTvis rTulia da programa Tavidan mraval bariers

waawydeba. programis efeqturobis Sefaseba SesaZlebelia

mediaciaze Sesuli saqmeebisa da realurad mogvarebuli

konfliqtebis raodenobis aRricxviT. mas Semdeg, rac

programis iniciatorebi miRweul Sedegebs Seafaseben, kargi

iqneba gundisaTvis patara zeimis mowyoba. garda amisa, dadga

dro, rom sxva perspeqtividan gadaxedoT Tqvens saqmes da

ecadoT raime gziT gaafarTovoT moRvaweoba. iqneb

SesaZlebelia ara mxolod skolis SigniT arsebuli

konfliqtebis mogvarebaze zrunva, aramed moswavleebisTvis

iseTi unar-Cvevebis micema, rom maT Tavadac SeZlon

skolis

SenobaSi

specialuri

oTaxis

gamoyofa

mediaciis

programis

swrafi

ganviTarebas

safuZvelia

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150

naxatis avtori - giorgi wiqariSvili

fersis sajaro skola

konstruqciulad moagvaron TavianTi problemebi skolis

kedlebs gareTac? rogor aris SesaZlebeli konfliqtebis

mogvarebisadmi araZaladobrivi midgomebis popularizacia

skolis masStabiT da ufro farTod? rogor SeiZleba mediaciis

programis ganviTareba ise, rom is yovelTvis aqtualuri,

saxaliso da Sesatyvisi iyos?

samsjelo da safiqrali bevria, win bevri Sromac geliT, magram

mTavari is aris, rom Tqvens mier wamowyebuli keTili saqme

Zalian bevr mozards daexmareba rTuli situaciidan

gamosavalis povnaSi; amis gacnobiereba, albaT, saukeTeso

gancda da udidesi stimulia Semdgomi muSaobisTvis.

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152

epilogis

magivrad...

iSviaTad moiZebneba adamiani, romelsac zRaprebi ar uyvars.

zRapari, pataraobidanve, Cveni cxovrebis ganuyofeli da

mniSvnelovani nawilia. zRaprebis saSualebiT veziarebiT

zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebs, vswavlobT keTilisa da

borotis garCevas, vecnobiT sxvadasxva situaciebSi qcevisa da

azrovnebis modelebs, veuflebiT sxva adamianebTan,

sazogadoebasTan, bunebasTan, zogadad samyarosTan

urTierTobis formebsa da saSualebebs.

gavixsenoT “wiTelquda”. am zRapris erT-erTi mTavari morali

aseTia: ufrTxildiT ucnobebs! masSi sakmaod mkveTradaa

daxatuli konfliqtSi CarTuli ori mxare – erTi dadebiTi

gmiria, anu “kargia”, xolo meore – “cudi”; erTi alali da

udanaSauloa, meore ki cbieri; erTi marTalia, meore –

mtyuani. Tqven, albaT, TiTqmis sityva-sityviT gaxsovT

sayvareli zRapris siuJeti.

am krebulSi Cven visaubreT konfliqtebis mogvarebis iseT

principebze, romlebic adamianebTan urTierTobis axal

models gvTavazoben. es modeli ar aqcevs yuradRebas

stereotipebs, iTvaliswinebs sxvaTa mosazrebebs da cdilobs

iseT SeTanxmebas miaRwios, romlis Sedegad yvela mxare

mogebuli darCeba.

axla ki moemzadeT, Tqven geliT siurprizi. konfliqtebisa da

maTi mogvarebis Sesaxeb saubars „wiTelqudas” axali variantiT

davasrulebT. SesaZloa yvelasaTvis kargad cnobili zRapris

amgvari “rimeiqi” metad ucnaurad mogeCvenoT, radgan masSi

ukugdebulia “didi da cudi” mglis stereotipi da nacadia

momxdari movlenebis mglis poziciidan danaxva!

maS ase, konfliqtebis mogvarebis erT-erTi procesis

sailustraciod, gTavazobT wiTelqudasa da mglis ambavs,

romelic efeqturi molaparakebis meTodis gamoyenebis gamo

sruliad gansxvavebulad ganviTarda da sayovelTao hefiendiT

dasrulda.

wiTelquda - 2

anu rogor SeiZleba mglisa da wiTelqudas

konfliqtis mogvareba efeqturi

molaparakebis meSveobiT

nabiji 1 - SeTanxmeba molaparakebis

Sesaxeb

wiTelquda: me wiTelquda mqvia. Tanaxma var visaubro,

rodesac Cemi jeri iqneba da vimuSao problemis

mogvarebaze.

mgeli: me mgeli var. Tanaxma var visaubroT da

movusminoT erTmaneTs rigrigobiT. mzad var

viTanamSromlo SenTan, wiTelqudav, problemis

mosagvareblad.

nabiji 2 - mxareTa azris mosmena

wiTelquda: bebiaCemi tyis bolos cxovrobs. dedaCemis

TxovniT, masTan cxel-cxeli Rvezeli mimqonda.

bolo dros bebia Tavs kargad ver grZnobda da

odnav mainc rom gamexalisebina misTvis

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154

mdgomareoba, gadavwyvite, misTvis gzad

mokrefili yvavilebis Taiguli mimetana.

yvavilebis krefiT garTuli viyavi, rodesac

Sen, mgelo, uecrad gadmoxti buCqebidan,

sastikad SemaSine da uamravi SekiTxva damayare:

ras vakeTebdi, sad mivdiodi... Tanac

ganuwyvetliv da xarbad acmacunebdi pirs.

sakmaod uxeSad da uzrdelad iqceodi. mere

aseve moulodnelad sadRac gavardi, me ki

SeSinebuli davrCi.

mgeli: ese igi, bebiasTan migqonda raRac-raRaceebi,

rodesac me gadmovxti buCqebidan da

dagafrTxe?

wiTelquda: diax, batono, zustad ase iyo.

mgeli: momismine, wiTelqudav. tye Cemi saxlia. me masze

vzrunav da vcdilob igi sufTad da lamazad

SevinarCuno. zustad im dRes vcdilobdi

gamesufTavebina nagvisgan, romelic

adamianebma datoves. uecrad fexis xma gavigone.

mivimale xeebis ukan da davinaxe rogor modiodi

savse kalaTiT xelSi. cota ar iyos davibeni,

radgan Sen metad ucnaurad iyavi Cacmuli.

raRac saSineli wiTeli qudi gexura, TiTqos ar

gindoda, rom vinmes ecne. modiodi, Cems

yvavilebs krefdi da Cems nergebs fexs abijebdi.

bunebrivia, rom me gagaCere da gkiTxe, ras

akeTeb-Tqo. Sen kidev raRac suleluri cekva-

TamaSis TanxlebiT miambe, rom bebiasTan

midiodi da kalaTiT misTvis Rvezeli migqonda.

simarTle giTxra, didad ar momewona Tu rogor

mepyrobodi an me, an Cems saxls.

wiTelquda: mgelo, marTla Sewuxdi, rodesac dainaxe, am

wiTel qudSi gamowyobili rogor vkrefdi Sens

yvavilebs da amitom gamaCere da gamomkiTxe, Tu

ras vakeTebdi?

mgeli: diax batono !

wiTelquda: magram problema amiT xom ar amowurula!

rodesac bebiasTan mivedi, iq damxvdi bebias

Ramis perangiT SeniRbuli da scade Cemi SeWma

mag Seni sazizRari didi kbilebiT. is monadire

rom ara, romelmac gadamarCina, me dRes

cocxali ar viqnebodi. garda amisa, Sen bebia

SemiSine. sawyali sawolis qveS imaleboda.

mgeli: Sen fiqrob, rom Ramis perangi imisTvis Cavicvi,

rom mometyuebine da Tavi bebiaSenad

gamesaRebina? da rom me cudad mogeqeci?

wiTelquda: me vTqvi, rom Sen Seecade Cems SeWmas. me

namdvilad megona, rom SemWamdi da lamis

isterika damemarTa.

mgeli: ara, ara… moica, wiTelqudav. me vicnob

bebiaSens. vifiqre, rom kargi iqneboda SenTvis

Wkua meswavlebina, rom meti aRar gagefuWebina

nergebi da yvavilebi. amitomac Tavi daganebe da

gaviqeci bebias saxlisken. bebiasTan mivirbine

da movuyevi rac moxda. igi dameTanxma, rom Sen

namdvilad saWiroebdi garkveul gakveTils.

bebia sawolis qveS daimala, me ki mis Ramis

perangSi gamovewyve.

amasobaSi Seinc Semoxvedi, daminaxe sawolSi

mwoliare da raRac sisulele mkiTxe Cemi

yurebis Sesaxeb. Cemi yurebis sidideze sxva

drosac uTqvamT raRac-raRaceebi, ase rom ar

SevimCnie da rac SeiZleba mSvidad gipasuxe, rom

didi yurebi ukeT mosmenas emsaxureboda. magram

Sen amas ar dajerdi da axla Zalian

sawyenad mkiTxe gadmokarkluli

Tvalebis Sesaxeb. amis atana

namdvilad Zneli iyo, Tanac

imdenad sazizRrad ikiTxe, rom….

da mainc meore loyis SeSvera

vamjobine da giTxari, rom aseTi

Tvalebi Sens ukeT danaxvaSi

mexmareboda.

magram Cemi kbilebis Sesaxeb Senma

bolo SeniSvnam sabolood

gamomiyvana wyobidan. ise, rom

icode, kbilebis mimarT

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156

gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiare var. SesaZloa am

Sens xumrobaze Tavi unda Semekavebina, magram

veRar miviTmine, gadmovxti sawolidan da

daviRriale, rom aseTi kbilebi Sens SeWmaSi

damexmareboda.

magram, Sen xom ici, da yvelam icis, rom mgeli

verasodes SeWams gogonas, ase araa? Sen kidev

morTe wivil-kivili da daiwye sirbili mTels

saxlSi. me vcdilobdi Sens SeCerebas da

damSvidebas, magram amaod. uceb kari TiTqos

Semoingrao da zRurblze is veeba metyeve

gamoCnda TofiT xelSi. mivxvdi, rom safrTxe

memuqreboda, Zlivs movaxerxe Ria fanjarSi

gadaxtoma da gaviqeci.

mas Semdeg vimalebi. tyeSi Cemze saSineli Worebi

dadis. Sen didi da cudi mgeli miwode da im

SemTxvevidan moyolebuli me bednieri

aRarasodes vyofilvar. mikvirs da ver vigeb,

ratom ar mogiyva bebiam, Tu ra moxda

sinamdvileSi? saSinlad ganvicdi Worebs da

tyeSi Tavi ver gamomiyvia… ratom gaaWianureT

aseTi viTareba Sen da bebiaSenma? es xom

usamarTlobaa? me sul marto davrCi da Tavs

Zalian cudad vgrZnob.

wiTelquda: Sen ggonia, rom Worebi Cemi gavrcelebulia, Sen

cudad xar, martod grZnob Tavs da ver gagigia,

Tu ratom ar uambo bebiam sxvebs am ambis realuri

viTareba... albaT imitom, rom bebia Zalzed

avadaa da gadaiRala. rodesac me vTxove, rom

eCvenebina, Tu rogor SeZvra sawolis qveS, man

mipasuxa rom araferi axsovda momxdaridan. ase

rom Tavadaa gaognebuli da Semcbari.

mgeli: fiqrob, rom bebias araferi axsovs imitom, rom

avadaa?. . .

nabiji 3 - interesebze fokusireba

wiTelquda: me minda, rom SemeZlos bebiasTan yvavilebis

mitana, radgan is sul martoa da yvavilebi mas

gaaxalisebs; minda SemeZlos bebiasTan tyis

gavliT viaro, radgan SemovliTi gza saSinlad

grZelia; da kidev minda, rom Sen Sewyvito Cemi

SeSineba da muqara, radgan msurs Tavi

usafrTxod vigrZno. garda amisa, mimaCnia, rom

tye saerToa da kargi gasarTobi adgilia!

mgeli: ese igi, Sen ginda iaro tyis gavliT bebiasTan,

romelic marto cxovrobs, da gsurs

usafrTxoeba, radgan tye dasasvenebeli

adgilia?

wiTelquda: diax, da Tanac minda, rom bebias yvavilebi

wavuRo xolme.

mgeli: me ki minda, rom siarulisas fexqveS iyurebode

da amCnevde, Tu ras adgav fexs. minda Sewydes

yvavilebis krefa, radgan msurs, rom Cemi

mSobliuri tye lamazad gamoiyurebodes. minda,

Sewydes Worebi, radgan msurs rom adamianebs

movwonde. garda amisa, minda visiamovno tyeSi

cxovrebiT da ar mqondes imis SiSi, rom Cemze

viRaca nadirobs.

wiTelquda: ese igi, Seni interesi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom

tye lamazad gamoiyurebodes, rom tyeSi Tavi

usafrTxod igrZno da ginda rom tyeSi Semosul

adamianebs moswonde (da ara eSinodeT Seni)?

mgeli: diax, tye Cemi saxlia. me unda SemeZlos

Tavisuflad vigrZno Tavi sakuTar saxlSi.

nabiji 4 - “mogeba - mogeba” variantebis

SemuSaveba

wiTelquda: am problemis mosagvareblad me SemiZlia vcado

tyeSi seirnobisas biliks mivyve.

mgeli: me ki vecdebi, rom yovelTvis winaswar

Segexmiano, rodesac daginaxav, imis nacvlad,

rom Cumad gamogecxado buCqebidan. garda amisa,

me davrgav bebias saxlis siaxloves yvavilebs,

ase rom Sen SegeZleba maTi dakrefa.

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wiTelquda: me SemiZlia movagrovo nagavi, romelsac tyeSi

davinaxav da gadavyaro is bebiaCemis sanagve

yuTSi.

mgeli: me kidev Sevivli xolme bebiasTan, rodesac Sen

ar gcalia da movinaxuleb, is xom Cemi megobaria.

wiTelquda: me da bebias SegviZlia davelaparakoT metyeves

da avuxsnaT, rom man Secdoma dauSva SenTan

mimarTebaSi. Cems megobrebsac vetyvi, rom Seni

aRar meSinia da rom Sen SegiZlia Zalian keTilic

iyo.

mgeli: me SemiZlia Sevxvde Sens megobrebs da

davaTvalierebino maT tye!

nabiji 5 - variantebis Sefaseba

mgeli: rogor fiqrob, Sen Tu etyvi metyeves da Sens

megobrebs, rom Secdi CemTan dakavSirebiT, da

rom me marTlac kargi vinme var, aRar momiwevs

imaze nerviuloba, rom Cemze nadirobas

gaagrZeleben?

wiTelquda: vfiqrob, rom SegiZlia mSvidad iyo.

mgeli: iqneb me wamogyolodi metyevesTan

dasalaparakeblad.

wiTelquda: ki, kargi iqneboda. Tu ginda megobrebTanac

wamyevi, rodesac maTTan mival da vetyvi rom

Seni aRar meSinia… me minda dagexmaro bebias

saxlTan yvavilebis dargvaSi, da kidev, modi

cota yvevili tyeSic davrgoT! da kidev ici ra?

mgoni, kargi iqneboda zogjer bebia erTad

mogvenaxulebina.

mgeli: mSvenieri ideaa.

wiTelquda: me Tanaxma var!

mgeli: me axla vifiqre… mgoni, Sen gagiWirdeba

yovelTvis mxolod bilikiT siaruli. modi, me

gaCveneb, sad da rogor gaiaro, rom araferi

gaafuWo.

wiTelquda: vfiqrob, es samarTliani moTxovnaa.

mgeli: mec ase vfiqrob.

wiTelquda: xom ar SegiZlia gadaamowmo xolme bebiasTan, Tu

rodis SemiZlia masTan misvla?

mgeli: ki batono, oRond Tu diliT damirekav.

wiTelquda: kargi iqneboda, Cemi megobrebisaTvis mcire

Semowiruloba meTxova tyeSi eqskursiis

sanacvlod. es fuli ki SeiZleba gamoviyenoT

ufro meti xeebis dasargavad, an teritoriis

dasasufTaveblad.

mgeli: mgoni, ukve orive Cvenganis interesebze

vizruneT.

wiTelquda: diax, aseTi saxis gamosavali orives

dagvexmareba.

nabiji 6 - SeTanxmebis Seqmna

wiTelquda: me vizruneb Cemi da bebias Sexvedraze

metyevesTan. Sevecdebi dRes naSuadRevs

SevuTanxmde da Senc Segatyobineb.

mgeli: me SabaTisTvis movitan yvavilebs bebias

saxlTan dasargavad. garda amisa, eqskursiis

savaraudo

mogawvdi.

marSrutsac movxazav da

wiTelquda: rogorc ki marSruts miviReb Sengan, Cems

amxanagebs davuZaxeb, rom gamoscadon igi. Tanac

SesaZlebloba momecema Seni Tavi gavacno da

vuTxra, rom kargi vinme xar.

mgeli: yuTs SemowirulobebisaTvis tyis piras

davkideb.

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160

wiTelquda: me ki, diliT, 7 saaTze, dagirekav bebiasTan

vizitis SesaZleblobis gadasamowmeblad.

mgeli: kargi. ese igi, me SabaTisTvis unda movitano

yvavilebi, movxazo ruqa, wamogyve metyevesTan

salaparakod, Sevxvde Sens megobrebs da

megzuroba gavuwio maT tyeSi; mivxedo

Semowirulobebis yuTs da mivakiTxo bebias,

roca Sen ar gecleba.

wiTelquda: me ki unda davniSno Sexvedra bebiasTan da

metyevesTan, davrgo SenTan erTad yvavilebi,

moviyvano megobrebi tyis dasaTvaliereblad da

warvudgino maT Seni Tavi; dagireko dilis 7

saaTze, raTa gavigo, SemiZlia Tu ara bebiasTan

stumroba.

mgelma da wiTelqudam erTmaneTs xeli CamoarTves.

SeTanxmeba Sedga.

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