samarTlebrivi kultura
samarTlebrivi kultura samarTlebrivi kultura
om Tanamedrove cixeebi da banakebi rogorc arsebuli, ise aRmocenebis procesSi myofi kriminaluri struqturebis kvebis wyarod iqca.” aseve, sakmaod didi roli iTamaSa ,,qurduli samyaros” cixis gareT gamosvlis droisaTvis moqmedi samarTaldamcavi sistemis sisustem da korumpirebulobam. adgilobrivi samarTaldamcavi organoebis Cinovnikebi sakmaod maRal Semosavlebs iRebdnen kriminaluri avtoritetebisagan, sanacvlod isini Tvals xuWavdnen maT arsebobaze, riTac ,,qurdul samyaros” Zalian did SesaZleblobas aZlevdnen, sul ufro Rrmad gaed gaT fesvebi da aeTvisebinaT sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis meti sfe ro. “kanonieri qurdis” institutis aRorZinebaSi mniSvnelovani roli iTa - ma Sa 60-80-ian wlebSi samarTaldamcavi organoebis saqmianobaSi poli tikur-voluntaristuli hipoTezis _ “sabWoTa kavSirSi dana Sau lo bis sruli aRmofxvris SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb” _ SemoWram da qve yanaSi profesiuli da organizebuli danaSaulobis likvidaciis iluziam. amas Tan mohyva samarTaldamrRvevTa winaaRmdeg Sesabamisi or ganoebis brZolis aqtivobis daqveiTeba. qaRaldze, angariSebSi yvelaferi kargi rakursiT iyo warmodgenili, sinamdvileSi ki zneobriv normaTa daqveiTeba saSiS tempebs iRebda. Sss operatiul-samZebro aparatebis saqmianoba muSaobis umartives formebamde da meTodebamde nivelirdeboda. sauwyebo dokumentebidan amoiRes iseTi cnebebi, rogorebicaa: “kanonieri qurdi”, “sisxlissamarTlebriv-bandituri elementi”, “bandformireba” da a.S. normatiuli dokumentebidan msgavsi terminebisa da cnebebis amoRebam, agreTve sisxlissamarTlebrivi kanon mdeblobis arasworma reformirebam ganapiroba samarTaldamcavi or ganoebis samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis amorfuloba “kanonier qur deb- Tan” da danaSaulebrivi samyaros sxva liderebTan mimarTebiT. 1960 wlis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis avtorebma saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis Zveli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis terminebi da gansazRvrebebi, romlebic organizebuli danaSaulobis calkeul formebs asaxavdnen, ZiriTadad, daiyvanes cnebebamde “banda” da “msjavrdebulTa danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba”. qaRaldidan gaqra, Tumca cxovrebaSi ganagrZobda arsebobas organizebuli danaSaulobis iseTi formebi, rogorebic aris e.w. “Saika”, “danaSaulebrivi organizacia” da sxva. moxda maTi komuflireba universaluri samarTlebrivi cnebiT: “pirTa jgufis winaswari SeTanxmeba”. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi SenarCunda termini “organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufi”, magram misi konkretuli Sinaarsi axsnili ar yofila. amitomac aseTi definiciebis gamoyeneba, rogorc procesualuri instrumentariisa, praqtikulad, SeuZlebeli iyo. operatiuli muSakebi, gamomZieblebi da mosamarTleebi mas, ZiriTadad, aigivebdnen zemoT dasaxelebul cnebasTan: “pirTa jgufis winaswari SeTanxmeba”. es ar moiTxovda danaSaulebrivi jgufis an danaSaulebrivi organizaciis niSnebis procesualur damtkicebas, rac, 142
asakvirvelia, aRniSnuli kategoriis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze sasamarTlo procesebis Catarebas aiolebda”. amrigad, pirvel rigSi, kanonmdeblobis mouqnelobam, masSi ,,qurdu li samyaros” winaaRmdeg muxlis ararsebobam da, aseve, Tavad saxelmwifos mier qurduli samyaros winaaRmdeg brZolis Sewyvetam ganapiroba misi kvlav gaZliereba. aseTi politika saxelmwifos ukan Semoutrialda. sa nam saxelmwifos ,,siraqlemis poza” eWira, ,,qurduli samyaro” nel-nela Zlierdeboda da avtoritetsac imaRlebda sazogadoebaSi. es mware ga mocdileba, Cveni azriT, unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli Tanamedrove sa qarTveloSi da ,,qurduli samyaros” winaaRmdeg brZola ar unda da sruldes marto maTi cixeSi CasmiT. danaSaulebrivi garemos gansakuTrebiT saSiSi liderebis arasaTanadod Sefasebam, 70-80-ian wlebSi qveyanaSi arakeTilsaimedo socialur-ekonomikuri da socialur-politikuri situaciis arsebobam da, Sesabamisad, saxelmwifos mxridan “kanonieri qurdebis” winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesustebam kriminalebs erTgvari socialuri Sesvenebis saSualeba misca, ra m ac “kriminalur-negatiuri” ideologiis farTod gavrcelebamde da qurduli moZraobis zrdis stimulirebamde migviyvana. ,,qurdulma samyarom” kargad gaTvala isic, rom Tu sazogadoebaSi mWidrod gaidgamdnen fesvebs, maT winaaRmdeg brZola sakmaod Zneli iqneboda, amitomac isini aqtiurad eweodnen ,,piar-kampaniebs,” ,,qvelmoqmedebas”, yvelanairad cdilobdnen sazogadoebisaTvis eCvenebinaT, rom ,,kanonieri qurdebi” samarTlianobisa da Tanasworobis mxares arian da rom, saxelmwifosagan gansxvavebiT, isini ufro zrunaven ubralo xalxze. aR - niSnuli RonisZiebebiT ,,qurduli samyaro” sul ufro da ufro Zlierdeboda. ra Tqma unda, am movlenebs arc saqarTvelosaTvis auvlia gverdi da Cve ni qveyanac, rogorc sabWoTa kavSiris Semadgeneli nawili, am dana- Saulebrivi sindikatis gavlenas ganicdida. ,,am negatiurma procesebma gansakuTrebiT iCina Tavi kavkasiaSi da, ker Zod, saqarTveloSi. 20-50-iani wlebis periodSi danaSaulobis organize bu li da profesiuli formebis, maT ricxvSi, “kanonieri qurdis” institutis ganviTareba totalitaruli sistemis mkacr CarCoebSi xdeboda da, regionis miuxedavad, identuri niSnebiT xasiaTdeboda. kvlevis proces Si avtorebis mier ar yofila gamovlenili raime dokumenturad damtkicebuli gansxvaveba im periodis qarTvel da rus an sxva kriminalur avtoritetebs Soris. Tumca specialur literaturaSi da sxva masalebSi ukve xSirad gvxvdeba qarTveli “kanonieri qurdebis” saxelebi, romelTa avtoriteti vrceldeboda rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi, ise mis gareT.” Crdilovani biznesis saqmosnebTan Serwymis wyalobiT “qurduli samya- 143
- Page 91 and 92: Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi ganmartebe
- Page 93 and 94: 93 danarTi 3 arasrulwlovanebTan dak
- Page 95 and 96: v) imis mier, visac adre Cadenili h
- Page 97 and 98: 1. 21 wlis asaks miuRweveli an nasa
- Page 99 and 100: dawyvetilebiT SesaZlebelia dakiTxos
- Page 101 and 102: tis axsniT (dro - 5 wuTi). iqve sam
- Page 103 and 104: sxdomaze damswre sazogadoeba: gansa
- Page 105 and 106: 2. janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba gau
- Page 107 and 108: mizani Tema 4 - rogor movagvaroT ko
- Page 109 and 110: wuTs. Tan Seaxsenebs, rom maT unda
- Page 111 and 112: Tema 5 - gulgriloba Tu TanamSromlob
- Page 113 and 114: Tema 6 - mavne Cvevebisa da maTi sa
- Page 115 and 116: amdenime Wiqa dalia, ris Sedegadac
- Page 117 and 118: • skolamdeli aRzrdis dawesebulebe
- Page 119 and 120: mavne Cvevebi da maTi Sedegebi nark
- Page 121 and 122: ci leblad sWirdeba mis organizms, r
- Page 123 and 124: misi do za drodado gazardos. es ki
- Page 125 and 126: organizmis ujredis gareT mxolod Zal
- Page 127 and 128: a aris aiv/Sidsi ra aris aiv-is inf
- Page 129 and 130: Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs samarTal
- Page 131 and 132: korufcia 131 danarTi 4 korufcia laT
- Page 133 and 134: 1945 wlidan iqmneba axali tipis maf
- Page 135 and 136: kuTrebiT bevrma kriminalurma elemen
- Page 137 and 138: ucbad SeiZina berobis niSnebi: kano
- Page 139 and 140: mxardamWeri liderebi sakuTari Tavs
- Page 141: uswordebodnen. saxelmwifo yovel Ron
- Page 145 and 146: is winaaRmdeg efeqturi brZola warvm
- Page 147 and 148: • Seurigebelia dabezRebisadmi;
- Page 149 and 150: Tema 8 - Cemi samarTliani arCevani
- Page 151 and 152: ganmartebiTi leqsikoni polisi - Zve
- Page 153 and 154: meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis central
- Page 155 and 156: lebis ukanono damzadeba, SeZena, Se
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om Tanamedrove cixeebi da banakebi rogorc arsebuli, ise aRmocenebis<br />
procesSi myofi kriminaluri struqturebis kvebis wyarod iqca.”<br />
aseve, sakmaod didi roli iTamaSa ,,qurduli samyaros” cixis gareT<br />
gamosvlis droisaTvis moqmedi samarTaldamcavi sistemis sisustem da<br />
korumpirebulobam. adgilobrivi samarTaldamcavi organoebis Cinovnikebi<br />
sakmaod maRal Semosavlebs iRebdnen kriminaluri avtoritetebisagan,<br />
sanacvlod isini Tvals xuWavdnen maT arsebobaze, riTac ,,qurdul<br />
samyaros” Zalian did SesaZleblobas aZlevdnen, sul ufro Rrmad gaed<br />
gaT fesvebi da aeTvisebinaT sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis meti<br />
sfe ro.<br />
“kanonieri qurdis” institutis aRorZinebaSi mniSvnelovani roli iTa -<br />
ma Sa 60-80-ian wlebSi samarTaldamcavi organoebis saqmianobaSi poli<br />
tikur-voluntaristuli hipoTezis _ “sabWoTa kavSirSi dana Sau<br />
lo bis sruli aRmofxvris SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb” _ SemoWram da<br />
qve yanaSi profesiuli da organizebuli danaSaulobis likvidaciis<br />
iluziam. amas Tan mohyva samarTaldamrRvevTa winaaRmdeg Sesabamisi<br />
or ganoebis brZolis aqtivobis daqveiTeba. qaRaldze, angariSebSi yvelaferi<br />
kargi rakursiT iyo warmodgenili, sinamdvileSi ki zneobriv<br />
normaTa daqveiTeba saSiS tempebs iRebda. Sss operatiul-samZebro aparatebis<br />
saqmianoba muSaobis umartives formebamde da meTodebamde<br />
nivelirdeboda. sauwyebo dokumentebidan amoiRes iseTi cnebebi, rogorebicaa:<br />
“kanonieri qurdi”, “sisxlissamarTlebriv-bandituri elementi”,<br />
“bandformireba” da a.S. normatiuli dokumentebidan msgavsi<br />
terminebisa da cnebebis amoRebam, agreTve sisxlis<strong>samarTlebrivi</strong> kanon<br />
mdeblobis arasworma reformirebam ganapiroba samarTaldamcavi<br />
or ganoebis samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis amorfuloba “kanonier qur deb-<br />
Tan” da danaSaulebrivi samyaros sxva liderebTan mimarTebiT. 1960<br />
wlis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis avtorebma saqarTvelos sabWoTa<br />
socialisturi respublikis Zveli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis terminebi<br />
da gansazRvrebebi, romlebic organizebuli danaSaulobis calkeul<br />
formebs asaxavdnen, ZiriTadad, daiyvanes cnebebamde “banda” da<br />
“msjavrdebulTa danaSaulebrivi dajgufeba”. qaRaldidan gaqra, Tumca<br />
cxovrebaSi ganagrZobda arsebobas organizebuli danaSaulobis iseTi<br />
formebi, rogorebic aris e.w. “Saika”, “danaSaulebrivi organizacia” da<br />
sxva. moxda maTi komuflireba universaluri <strong>samarTlebrivi</strong> cnebiT:<br />
“pirTa jgufis winaswari SeTanxmeba”. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi SenarCunda<br />
termini “organizebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufi”, magram misi<br />
konkretuli Sinaarsi axsnili ar yofila. amitomac aseTi definiciebis<br />
gamoyeneba, rogorc procesualuri instrumentariisa, praqtikulad, SeuZlebeli<br />
iyo. operatiuli muSakebi, gamomZieblebi da mosamarTleebi mas,<br />
ZiriTadad, aigivebdnen zemoT dasaxelebul cnebasTan: “pirTa jgufis<br />
winaswari SeTanxmeba”. es ar moiTxovda danaSaulebrivi jgufis an danaSaulebrivi<br />
organizaciis niSnebis procesualur damtkicebas, rac,<br />
142
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