samarTlebrivi kultura
samarTlebrivi kultura samarTlebrivi kultura
“qurduli samyaros” ganviTareba cixeSi da cixis gareT mniSvnelovania ganvixiloT ,,qurduli samyaros” Semdgomi ganviTarebac, radganac am sakiTxis ganxilviT gavarkvevT, Tu rogori rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi gza ganvlo aRniSnulma organizebulma danaSaulma da mainc ganagrZobs arsebobas. gaverkveT, sadaa misi susti wertilebi da rogor unda vimoqmedoT mis winaaRmdeg. 1937 wlis agvistoSi gamasworebel dawesebulebaTa xelmZRvaneleb ma mi iRes brZaneba, romliTac “sameulebisaTvis” im pirTa saqmeebis momzadeba da ganxilva moiTxoveboda, romlebic “aqtiur antisabWoTa, ZirgamomTxrel da sxva danaSaulebriv saqmianobas eweodnen”. ZiriTadi da rtyma unda ganxorcielebuliyo qurdul gaerTianebaTa liderebzec. sul, eJovis brZanebis safuZvelze, Sinsaxkomis banakebSi daxvrites 30 aTas kacze meti, romelTa umetesobasac danaSaulebrivi samyaros liderebi Seadgendnen.” represiebis Semdeg dawyebul meore msoflio oms mohyva lagerebidan patimrebis frontze gaSveba. maT Soris iyvnen ,,kanonieri qurdebic”, Tum ca ,,kanonieri qurdebis” nawilma ar uRalata ,,qurdul kanonebs” da uari ganacxada frontze wasvlaze. mravali qurdi daiRupa frontze. gadarCenilTagan bevri kvlav aRmoCnda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgileb Si da danaSaulebriv sferoSi reintegrireba daiwyo. aRniSnuls win aRud ga qurdebis is nawili, romelmac ar uRalata “rwmenas”. dabrunebul qur debs isini “frontovikebs” da “gamyidvel Zuknebs” uwodebdnen. am jgufebs Soris warmoqmnili dapirispireba “Zuknebis omis” saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. aRniSnuli omis Sedegad cixeebSi bevri ,,kanonieri qurdi” mokles. sabolood ,,avtomatSikebma” da orTodoqsma qur debma miaRwies SeTanxmebas da ,,qurdulma kanonma” pirvelad ganicada radikaluri cvlileba. konkretul SemTxvevebSi dasaSvebad iqna miCneuli omSi wasvla da xelisuflebasTan TanamSromloba. ,,Zuknebis omis” Semdeg kidev erTi seriozuli Setakeba, romelic ,,kanonierma qurdebma” gadaitanes, iyo e.w. ,,polonel qurdebsa” da ,,kanonier qurdebs” Soris gaCenili dapirispireba. ,,poloneli qurdebi” iyvnen kri minaluri avtoritetebi, romlebmac nebayoflobiT Tqves uari ,,qurdul kanonebze” da TavianTi kasta Camoayalibes SedarebiT liberaluri kanonebiT. maT Soris daundobeli brZola daiwyo, Tumca ,,kanonierma qur debma” aRniSnuli sirTulec daZlies. garda Sida brZolebisa, maT gauZles saxelmwifos mier warmoebul represiul RonisZiebebsac. 1956 wels sabWoTa kavSiris Sss-m q.solikamskSi daaarsa eqsperimentuli kolonia #6, romelsac xalxSi “TeTr geds” uwodebdnen. aq mxolod “kanonieri qurdebi” imyofebodnen. kolonia 80-iani wlebis bolomde moq medebda. aRniSnul dawesebulebaSi ,,kanonier qurdebs” usastikesad 140
uswordebodnen. saxelmwifo yovel Rones xmarobda ,,kanonieri qurdebis” gasanadgureblad. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad sakmaod Semcirda ,,kanonieri qurdebis” raodenoba. 50-iani wlebisaTvis sabWoTa kavSiris 30-iani wlebis ,,qurduli ordenidan” dar Ca mxolod 3%. Tumca am RonisZiebebis Semdeg saxelmwifom brZola Sua gzaze Sewyvita da ,,qurdul samyaroze” gamarjveba gamoacxada, rac udidesi Secdoma iyo. ,,rogorc praqtikam gviCvena, miuxedavad yvelaze “drakonuli” Ronis- Zi ebebisa da fuZemdebluri principebis transformaciisa, “kanonieri qur debis” ZiriTadma masam ara mxolod gadarCena moaxerxa, ara med SesaniSnavad Seegua axal politikur da ekonomikur pirobebs. ra Tqma unda, isini aRar iyvnen is kanonieri qurdebi, romlebic XX s.-is 30-40-iani wlebis “gulagis” banakebSi liderobdnen.” ,,qurdulma samyarom” gauZlo socializmis represiul manqanas, rac imis mimaniSnebelia, rom am mankierebis winaaRmdeg mxolod ZaliT brZola ar gamodgeba, aseve Zalian mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens ideologiuri brZola. marTalia, 50-ian wlebSi mxolod 3% darCa ,,qurduli ordenidan,” magram isic sakmarisi aRmoCnda, rom es mankiereba kvlav fexze damdgariyo da dRemde moeRwia. es faqtori, ra Tqma unda, gasaTvaliswinebelia ,,qurduli samyaros” winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. aqve Zalian mniSvnelovania, ganvixiloT, Tu rogor moxda ,,qurduli samyaros” cixis gareT gamotana da sazogadoebaSi damkvidreba. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, sazogadoebaSi arsebobda noyieri niadagi imisaTvis, rom ,,qurdul samyaros” fesvebi gaedga. aRniSnuli viTareba ,,qurdulma samyarom” kargad gamoiyena da daimkvidra Tavisi adgili sazogadoebaSi. 1953 wels, stalinis gardacvalebisa da tiranuli reJimis xrwnis dawyebis Semdeg, ,,qurdulma samyarom” cixis gareT gamosvla daiwyo. axali SesaZlebelobebi gaCnda sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi qurdebis kriminaluri “potencialis” realizaciisaTvis. pirvel rigSi, ,,qurduli samyaros” wesebisa da ideebis sazogadoebaSi damkvidreba ganapiroba cixidan ,,Tavisuflebaze” gamosulma uamravma yofilma avtoritetma Tu ubralo kriminalma, romlebic ,,lagerebsa” Tu cixeebSi ,,eziarnen” aRniSnul fenomens da surdaT sazogadoebaSic gaevrcelebinaT es wesebi. ,,cixis subkulturis Camoyalibebisa da gavrcelebis Sedegebi gascda penitenciuri problemebis farglebs. upirveles yovlisa, aman gamoiwvia sazogadoebis kriminalizacia, profesiuli da organizebu li da naSaulobis zrda, “kanonieri qurdebis” klanis xelaxali aRorZineba. nawilobriv, es moxda mosaxleobas Soris cixis subkulturis da masTan erTad kriminaluri ganwyobis gavrcelebiT, nawilobriv ki imis gamo, 141
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- Page 93 and 94: 93 danarTi 3 arasrulwlovanebTan dak
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- Page 99 and 100: dawyvetilebiT SesaZlebelia dakiTxos
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- Page 103 and 104: sxdomaze damswre sazogadoeba: gansa
- Page 105 and 106: 2. janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba gau
- Page 107 and 108: mizani Tema 4 - rogor movagvaroT ko
- Page 109 and 110: wuTs. Tan Seaxsenebs, rom maT unda
- Page 111 and 112: Tema 5 - gulgriloba Tu TanamSromlob
- Page 113 and 114: Tema 6 - mavne Cvevebisa da maTi sa
- Page 115 and 116: amdenime Wiqa dalia, ris Sedegadac
- Page 117 and 118: • skolamdeli aRzrdis dawesebulebe
- Page 119 and 120: mavne Cvevebi da maTi Sedegebi nark
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- Page 123 and 124: misi do za drodado gazardos. es ki
- Page 125 and 126: organizmis ujredis gareT mxolod Zal
- Page 127 and 128: a aris aiv/Sidsi ra aris aiv-is inf
- Page 129 and 130: Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs samarTal
- Page 131 and 132: korufcia 131 danarTi 4 korufcia laT
- Page 133 and 134: 1945 wlidan iqmneba axali tipis maf
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- Page 139: mxardamWeri liderebi sakuTari Tavs
- Page 143 and 144: asakvirvelia, aRniSnuli kategoriis
- Page 145 and 146: is winaaRmdeg efeqturi brZola warvm
- Page 147 and 148: • Seurigebelia dabezRebisadmi;
- Page 149 and 150: Tema 8 - Cemi samarTliani arCevani
- Page 151 and 152: ganmartebiTi leqsikoni polisi - Zve
- Page 153 and 154: meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis central
- Page 155 and 156: lebis ukanono damzadeba, SeZena, Se
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“qurduli samyaros” ganviTareba cixeSi da cixis gareT<br />
mniSvnelovania ganvixiloT ,,qurduli samyaros” Semdgomi ganviTarebac,<br />
radganac am sakiTxis ganxilviT gavarkvevT, Tu rogori rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi<br />
gza ganvlo aRniSnulma organizebulma danaSaulma da<br />
mainc ganagrZobs arsebobas. gaverkveT, sadaa misi susti wertilebi da<br />
rogor unda vimoqmedoT mis winaaRmdeg.<br />
1937 wlis agvistoSi gamasworebel dawesebulebaTa xelmZRvaneleb ma<br />
mi iRes brZaneba, romliTac “sameulebisaTvis” im pirTa saqmeebis momzadeba<br />
da ganxilva moiTxoveboda, romlebic “aqtiur antisabWoTa, ZirgamomTxrel<br />
da sxva danaSaulebriv saqmianobas eweodnen”. ZiriTadi<br />
da rtyma unda ganxorcielebuliyo qurdul gaerTianebaTa liderebzec.<br />
sul, eJovis brZanebis safuZvelze, Sinsaxkomis banakebSi daxvrites<br />
30 aTas kacze meti, romelTa umetesobasac danaSaulebrivi samyaros<br />
liderebi Seadgendnen.”<br />
represiebis Semdeg dawyebul meore msoflio oms mohyva lagerebidan<br />
patimrebis frontze gaSveba. maT Soris iyvnen ,,kanonieri qurdebic”,<br />
Tum ca ,,kanonieri qurdebis” nawilma ar uRalata ,,qurdul kanonebs” da<br />
uari ganacxada frontze wasvlaze. mravali qurdi daiRupa frontze.<br />
gadarCenilTagan bevri kvlav aRmoCnda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgileb<br />
Si da danaSaulebriv sferoSi reintegrireba daiwyo. aRniSnuls<br />
win aRud ga qurdebis is nawili, romelmac ar uRalata “rwmenas”. dabrunebul<br />
qur debs isini “frontovikebs” da “gamyidvel Zuknebs” uwodebdnen.<br />
am jgufebs Soris warmoqmnili dapirispireba “Zuknebis omis”<br />
saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. aRniSnuli omis Sedegad cixeebSi bevri ,,kanonieri<br />
qurdi” mokles. sabolood ,,avtomatSikebma” da orTodoqsma<br />
qur debma miaRwies SeTanxmebas da ,,qurdulma kanonma” pirvelad ganicada<br />
radikaluri cvlileba. konkretul SemTxvevebSi dasaSvebad iqna<br />
miCneuli omSi wasvla da xelisuflebasTan TanamSromloba.<br />
,,Zuknebis omis” Semdeg kidev erTi seriozuli Setakeba, romelic ,,kanonierma<br />
qurdebma” gadaitanes, iyo e.w. ,,polonel qurdebsa” da ,,kanonier<br />
qurdebs” Soris gaCenili dapirispireba. ,,poloneli qurdebi” iyvnen<br />
kri minaluri avtoritetebi, romlebmac nebayoflobiT Tqves uari ,,qurdul<br />
kanonebze” da TavianTi kasta Camoayalibes SedarebiT liberaluri<br />
kanonebiT. maT Soris daundobeli brZola daiwyo, Tumca ,,kanonierma<br />
qur debma” aRniSnuli sirTulec daZlies. garda Sida brZolebisa, maT<br />
gauZles saxelmwifos mier warmoebul represiul RonisZiebebsac.<br />
1956 wels sabWoTa kavSiris Sss-m q.solikamskSi daaarsa eqsperimentuli<br />
kolonia #6, romelsac xalxSi “TeTr geds” uwodebdnen. aq mxolod<br />
“kanonieri qurdebi” imyofebodnen. kolonia 80-iani wlebis bolomde<br />
moq medebda. aRniSnul dawesebulebaSi ,,kanonier qurdebs” usastikesad<br />
140
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