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directed towards demonstration of persuasion of the story. This is justified
by the desire of achievement of equivalence of empirical and fictional
worlds at maximal extent, promoting adoption of the fictional world of the
piece of art by the reader. On the contrary, in some cases, intrusion of the
narrator into the diegesis or meta-diegestic world, creates weird, comic or
fantastic effect. Problem of metalepsis is related to the issue of
communication level models of the narrator’s status (G. Genette) and
narration instances. Relevantly, metalepsis may be used not only in relation
with the specific or fictitious author but towards any hero as well. There are
distinguished rhetoric metalepsis (at verbal level) and ontologistic metalepsis
(in a form of the told story). In the vertical metalepsis there is implied
the interrelation between the narrator and the hero, or there is considered
inter-subjective relation between the participants of the creative act (M.
Bakhtin) and the issue of change of the narrator status (homo/heterodiegetic,
extra/intra-diegetic – G. Genette). In case of horizontal metalepsis
there are broken not ontologistic but rather space borders.
In the novel by Marcel Proust “Swann’s Way” the storyteller notifies
the narrator about continuation of the story. This is the example of
metalepsis. Hence, in the Proust’s novel there is ontologistic, verbal and
vertical metalepsis.
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