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aluda am gumaniT nagrZnob, jer kidev mkafiod gaucnobierebel da ganuzogadebel WeSmaritebas ukve mkveTrad gaazrebuli da ganzogadebuli saxiT gamoTqvams xevsurebTan dialogSi (`Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena varT...~), xolo sabolood `Tavis lamaz Zmas~ uwodebs mucals; anu igi uaxloesi adamianiviT Seiyvarebs mters da SeZlebs Taviseburad Seasrulos gansakuTrebiT Znelad Sesasrulebeli qristianuli mcneba: `giyvardeT mterni Tqvenni~. sicocxlis neba da sikvdilis tkivili adamianTa uRrmesi, yvelaze universaluri Tvisebebia. vaJafSavela wers: `bunebas Tavisive kanoni aqvs kacTa cxovrebisaTvis damyarebuli... mTeli kacobrioba, Cveni planetis mcxovrebni, ramdenime modgmad ganiyofebian, xolo modgmani erebad. yovelive eri Sesdgeba adamianebisagan, romelnic ganirCevian isev erTierTmaneTisagan saxierebiT, gonebrivi da sulieri TvisebebiT. saerTo Tvisebac sufevs maT Soris, da ara marto erTi eris individebs, aramed mTels xmeleTis mcxovrebTac SegviZlian upovnoT saerTo ram, ai, Tundac, magali- Tad, siyvaruli sicocxlisa da mwuxareba sikvdilisa gamo...~. upirvelesad sicocxlis sayovelTao nebasTan da sikvdilis sayovelTao tragikulobasTan _ mTeli kacobriobisTvis saziaro fenomenebTan SexebiT aRmoa- Cens aluda ùrjulo~ mterSi adamians, aRmoaCens adamianTa erTianobas da yvelasTvis erT, qristianulad kacTmoyvare RmerTs, romlisTvisac eTnosis da konfesiis ganurCevlad yvela adamiani Zvirfasia. es aqcevs aludas Sinaganad Tavisufal, sulierad Rrma pirovnebad. 90 1996
sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJa-fSavelas erT-erT saukeTeso epikur nawarmoebadaa miCneuli da mas àluda qeTelauris~, `stumar-maspinZlis~, `gvelis mWamelis~ gverdiT ayeneben, mainc igi, Cveulebriv, izolirebulad, am poemebis arsebiTi da Rrma saTqmelisgan mowyvetilad aris xolme ganxiluli. rogorRac ise gamodis, rom raki poema patriotul grZnobas da ideas gamoxatavs, mis azrobriv wyobaSi saintereso bevri araferia. sinamdvileSi `baxtrionis~ azrobriv-mxatvruli koncefcia sakmaod rTulia da vaJas yvelaze mniSvnelovani poemebis koncefciaTa msgavsad dayrdnobilia iseT urTierTSepirispirebul zneobriv-msoflmxedvelobriv kategoriebze, rogoricaa daundobloba da sibraluli, sazogadoebrivi Tavdacvis, TviTSenarCunebis interesebi da moraluri ideali, humanizmi, masa da avtonomiuri pirovneba. oRond `baxtrionSi~, sxva poemebisgan gansxvavebiT, am sawyisebs Soris tragikuli kolizia ar warmoiSoba. maTi urTierTmimarTebis daZabuloba Serbilebuli da araTvalSisacemia Zlevamosili saerTo-saxalxo SekavSirebis monumentur suraTSi; magram Tumca winaaRmdegobebi Senelebulia, isini harmonizebuli ar aris. orgvarad warmodgeba `baxtrionSi~ masa. erTi mxriv, es aris zneobrivi mizniT gamTlianebuli xalxi. mas warmarTavs miswrafeba, ixnas qveyana da Tanamemamuleebi tanjvisgan, damcirebisgan, Tavisufleba da Rirseba daubrunos maT. vaJa qmnis adamianTa erTsulovnebiT aRvsebis, erTi keTilSobili vnebiT gamsWvalvis didebul, amaRlebul xats. xalxis mTavari gamamTlianebeli Zala religiurobaa _ Zalian intensiuri, RvTaebis didi siaxloviT ganmcdeli. es RvTaeba ganyenebuli da transcendenturi ki ar aris, aramed TiTqos am xalxis sxeulSi binadrobs da misi cocxali sulia, nebaa. es aris `nacionaluri 91
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
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Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
Page 39 and 40: politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
Page 41 and 42: uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
Page 43 and 44: ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
Page 45 and 46: uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
Page 47 and 48: veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
Page 49 and 50: Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
Page 51 and 52: wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
Page 53 and 54: grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
Page 55 and 56: dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
Page 57 and 58: naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
Page 59 and 60: zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
Page 61 and 62: dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
Page 63 and 64: adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
Page 65 and 66: feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
Page 67 and 68: jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
Page 69 and 70: aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
Page 71 and 72: gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
Page 73 and 74: moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
Page 75 and 76: mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
Page 77 and 78: sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
Page 79 and 80: vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
Page 81 and 82: joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
Page 83 and 84: misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
Page 85 and 86: li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
Page 87 and 88: aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
Page 89: vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
Page 93 and 94: wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
Page 95 and 96: Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
Page 97 and 98: ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
Page 99 and 100: as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
Page 101 and 102: `gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
Page 103 and 104: hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
Page 105 and 106: om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
Page 107 and 108: sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
Page 109 and 110: nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
Page 111 and 112: las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
Page 113 and 114: daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
Page 115 and 116: amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
Page 117 and 118: faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
Page 119 and 120: moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
Page 121 and 122: ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
Page 123 and 124: sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
Page 125 and 126: vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
Page 127 and 128: pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
Page 129 and 130: eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
Page 131 and 132: el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
Page 133 and 134: kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
Page 135 and 136: li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
Page 137 and 138: lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
Page 139 and 140: angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
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iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
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Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
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ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
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am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
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mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
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novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
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erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
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SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
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megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
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cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
Page 205 and 206:
Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
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laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
Page 211 and 212:
Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
Page 215 and 216:
grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
Page 229 and 230:
iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
Page 245 and 246:
wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
Page 247 and 248:
SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
Page 251 and 252:
lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
Page 255 and 256:
ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
Page 257 and 258:
Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
Page 259 and 260:
`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
Page 273 and 274:
* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
Page 279 and 280:
oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
Page 281 and 282:
Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
Page 285 and 286:
ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
Page 293 and 294:
exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
Page 295 and 296:
stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
Page 307 and 308:
literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
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mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
Page 315 and 316:
Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
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xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
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vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338:
stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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