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damaxasiaTebelia, rom pirquSi asketuri msoflgagebis mcdaroba `gandegilSi~ danaxulia swored xalxis TvaliT da es ilias Semoqmedebis saerTo kanonzomierebas Seesabameba. `mgzavris werilebSi~ ubralo adamiani ambobs mwerlis sanukvar saTqmels; `glaxis naambobSi~ da òTaraanT qvrivSi~ xalxia zneobrivi idealis Semnaxveli; moTxrobaSi `sarCobelazed~ gulubryvilo glexis TvalTaxedviTaa aRqmuli da Sefasebuli sikvdiliT dasjis simaxinje... ilias mier asketizmisTvis dapirispirebuli sicocxlismoyvare msoflmxedveloba, romelsac amqveyniuri sinamdvilis arsad RvTiuri sikeTe da mSveniereba esaxeba, axlosaa `vefxistyaosnis~ gammsWvalav msoflgagebasTan _ boroteba ararsia, amqveyniuri samyaros arsi aris sikeTe da mSveniereba, romelic RvTaebrivia Tavisi warmomavlobiT da bunebiT; amdenad adamianebis amqveyniuri moTxovnilebebi da swrafvebi arsebiTad RvTaebrivia da maTi ganxorcieleba amqveynadvea SesaZlebeli. rusTavelis poemaSi da optimistur, amqveyniuri silamazis moyvare da damfasebel nacionalur msoflaRqmaSi poulobs ilia WavWavaZe asketizmis damZlev pozitiur mrwamss. yvelaferi is, rac `gandegilSi~ asketizmis daZlevaze iTqva, unda Seivsos aucilebeli ganmartebiT: ilias poemaSi marcxs ganicdis ara bermonazvnuri ideali saerTod, aramed asketizmis ukiduresi forma, romelic gulisxmobs amqveyniuri realobis absoluturad uaryofiT Sefasebas da, aqedan gamomdinare, misgan srul ganapirebas, yovelgvar adamianur urTierToba- Tagan garidebas. amitom aris, rom nawarmoebis dasawyisSi da finalSi mTavar gmirTan Sepirispirebulia berebis krebuli, romelsac gandegilisgan ganasxvavebs SemoqmedebiTi, aRmSeneblobiTi mizanswrafva _ igi miudgomel adgilas RvTis taZars amkvidrebs. es aris moyvasis qristianul siyvarulze dafuZnebuli Zmoba, romlis arsebobis SesaZleblobasac gandegilis unugeSo Tvalsazrisi gamoricxavs _ mis mier wuTisoflis 74
mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is aris, rom `cili, zakva Zulebada hxdis wminda siyvaruls moyvasisasa~. gasagebia, rom is, berebis Zmobis wevrTagan gansxvavebiT, `sul martod-marto dayudebula~... asketizmis ukiduresi forma ilias mxatvruli interesis sagnad iqca misi zogadi msoflmxedvelobrivi aspeqtebis gamo, romlebic Sordeba garkveuli kulturul-istoriuli movlenis sazRvrebs. es aris pesimizmi da ukiduresi individualizmi. `gandegilis~ analizisas, Cveulebriv, pesimizmi _ ukiduresi individualizmis wanamZRvari _ yuradRebis gareSe rCeba xolme da Zneldeba imis damajereblad warmoCena, rogor marcxdeba poemaSi gandegiloba, farTo gagebiT radikaluri individualizmi _ pesimizmis Sedegi. ilias mxatvruli azrovneba ki logikurad Tanmimdevrulia da nawarmoebSi uwinares yovlisa swored pesimisturi msoflgagebis rRvevaa warmoCenili, rac pesimizmis Tanmxleb radikalur individualizmsac aclis safuZvels. Tavisi azrTawyobiT da mizandasaxulobiT `gandegili~ bunebrivad da Rrmad aris dakavSirebuli qarTveli xalxis erovnul-kulturul amocanebTan, romlebic XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi gamoikveTa: erovnuli aRorZinebis cda nayofieri SeiZleba mxolod maSin iyos, Tu igi emyareba pozitiur msoflmxedvelobas, pozitiur Tvalsazriss samyaros da adamianis Sesaxeb; xolo Tu samyaro absoluturi borotebaa, Cixia, am cdasac yovelgvari azri ekargeba; pesimizmi da ukiduresi individualizmi, cxadia, qveynis ukeTes da TviTmyofad momavals ver Seqmnis, saamisod aucilebelia optimisturi msoflmxedveloba, rwmena, rom samyaros, adamianis yofnas aqvs naTeli sazrisi, keTili arsi; aucilebelia optimisturi mrwamsiT nasazrdoebi socialuri aqtivoba. am aucileblobis karnaxiT aris dawerili ilias `gandegili~. 1987 75
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
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Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
Page 23 and 24: * * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
Page 25 and 26: literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
Page 27 and 28: `SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
Page 29 and 30: as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
Page 31 and 32: magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
Page 33 and 34: aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
Page 35 and 36: Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
Page 37 and 38: sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
Page 39 and 40: politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
Page 41 and 42: uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
Page 43 and 44: ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
Page 45 and 46: uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
Page 47 and 48: veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
Page 49 and 50: Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
Page 51 and 52: wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
Page 53 and 54: grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
Page 55 and 56: dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
Page 57 and 58: naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
Page 59 and 60: zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
Page 61 and 62: dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
Page 63 and 64: adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
Page 65 and 66: feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
Page 67 and 68: jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
Page 69 and 70: aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
Page 71 and 72: gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
Page 73: moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
Page 77 and 78: sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
Page 79 and 80: vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
Page 81 and 82: joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
Page 83 and 84: misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
Page 85 and 86: li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
Page 87 and 88: aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
Page 89 and 90: vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
Page 91 and 92: sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
Page 93 and 94: wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
Page 95 and 96: Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
Page 97 and 98: ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
Page 99 and 100: as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
Page 101 and 102: `gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
Page 103 and 104: hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
Page 105 and 106: om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
Page 107 and 108: sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
Page 109 and 110: nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
Page 111 and 112: las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
Page 113 and 114: daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
Page 115 and 116: amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
Page 117 and 118: faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
Page 119 and 120: moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
Page 121 and 122: ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
Page 123 and 124: sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
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iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
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Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
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ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
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am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
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mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
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novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
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erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
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SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
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megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
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cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
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Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
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laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
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grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
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iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
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wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
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SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
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lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
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Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
Page 293 and 294:
exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
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stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
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literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
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mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
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Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
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xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
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vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338:
stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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daviT guramiSvili

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