daviT guramiSvili

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tlanq, qvena Zalebs SeiZleba daupirispirdes mxolod pirovnebaTa solidaroba, TviTmyofad pirovnebaTa namdvili komunikacia, dialogi da daaxloeba, maTi unari, daZlion siucxove da gaigon sxvisi ganumeorebeli Tavisebureba, sxvisi Tvalsazrisi da simarTle... ase ikveTeba qristianobaze dayrdnobili qarTuli nacionaluri msoflmxedveloba ori yvelaze mniSvnelovani qarTveli epikosi mwerlis, rusTavelis da vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi da am msoflmxedvelobis anabeWdebi metnaklebad Cveni kulturis sxva Rirebul nimuSebsac emCneva. humanizmi, personalizmi moicavs patriotizmsac, romelic Tavisi arsiT swored humanisturi, adamianuri Rirsebis ganmamtkicebeli fenomenia, pirovnebis srulyofili TviTrealizebis aucilebeli sayrdenia; TviT damoukidebeli nacionaluri saxelmwifoc Zireuli humanisturi da personalisturi faseulobaaa. Cveni azriT, amgvari ram SeiZleba warmovidginoT èrovnuli ideologiis~ Sinaarsad da ara gaqvavebul SexedulebaTa, dogmaTa, yalb miTologemaTa mZime bloki. oRond ar arsebobs araviTari saWiroeba, yovelive amas ideologiis, miTumetes saxelmwifo ideologiis Selaxuli da usiamovno asociaciebis aRmZvreli cneba davukavSiroT. es cneba ar esadageba erovnuli TviT- Segnebis aRdgena-ganaxlebas, imis gaazrebas, rom humanizmi Cveni erovnuli msoflgagebis birTvia, rom Cveni ideali humanuri, pirovnebis primatis damamkvidrebeli qarTuli sazogadoeba da saxelmwifoa. dRes am ideals tragikulad varT daSorebuli. humanizmis xelaxali aRmoCena dasavluri faseulobebis damkvidrebasac niSnavs, radgan igi Cvens erovnul msoflmxedvelobasac udevs safuZvlad da dasavlursac. Cven imdenad SevinarCunebT TviTmyofad nacionalur sulier wyobas, ramdenadac SevZlebT humanizmis aRorZinebas da Tu aseTi ram marTla moxdeba, imavdroulad es iqneba dasavleTTan namdvili, siRrmiseuli da ara zedapiruli daaxloeba. 1998 346
ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri liberalizmi dRes faqtobrivad dasavleli xalxebis, pirvel rigSi amerikelebis nacionalizmia, anu liberaluri ideologia aris maTi erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis realizebis moqnili da efeqtiani saSualeba. es ideologia SesaZlebelia qarTuli nacionalizmis formadac vaqcioT, misi meSveobiT Cveni saxelmwifo da kultura ganvaviTaroT. es iqneba Tanamedrove sinamdvilis konteqstSi ilia Wav- WavaZis mier àCrdilSi~ formulirebuli ideis xorc- Sesxma: `vidre Ze Seni ar gaikvlevs zogad cxovrebas da mcnebis naTliT ze-aRzidul, amaRlebuli WkviT ar gansWvritavs sazogado cxovrebis denas, im dromde igi uimedo, Sewuxebuli, uqmisa drtvinviT, guliswviTa mware cremls daRvris...~. saqarTvelos xsna, ilia WavWavaZis azriT, is aris, rom misi moZraoba daemTxves msoflios ganviTarebis gezs _ `sazogado cxovrebis denas~, rom qarTvelebma gaiazron, ra aris kacobriobis yofierebaSi perspeqtivis mqone, progresuli da mas daukavSiron Tavisi bedi. `mcnebis naTeli~, romelzec ilia laparakobs, Semmecnebeli gonebis sinaTlea, upirvelesad ki mkafio, myari qristianuli moraluri cnobiereba da principebia, qristianuli humanuri zneobaa _ ilia WavWavaZis formulaSi Cveni qveynis modernizebis aucilebloba SeTavsebulia qarTuli kulturis tradiciuli sayrdenis SenarCunebis aucileblobasTan. amgvari sinTezis ganxorcieleba saqarTvelos istoriis axlandel etapzec aqtualuria. liberaluri demokratiis da kapitalizmis Tanmdevi Warbi pragmatizmi da individualizmi, masobrivi kulturis moZaleba da cxovrebis stilis vulgarizacia qristianulma humanizmma SeiZleba gaawonasworos. igi amkvidrebs materialuri faseulobebis mimarT sulier faseulobaTa arsebiT upiratesobas, zneobriv momTxovnelobas pirvel rigSi sakuTari Tavis da ara sxvebis mimarT, adamianis Rirsebis pativiscemis da adamianisadmi gu- 347
Page 1 and 2:
SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
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Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
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iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
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Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
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ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
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am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
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mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
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novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
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erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
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SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
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megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
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cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
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Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
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laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
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grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
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iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
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wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
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SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
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lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
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Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
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exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
Page 295 and 296: stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
Page 297 and 298: ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
Page 299 and 300: niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
Page 301 and 302: tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
Page 303 and 304: om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
Page 305 and 306: arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
Page 307 and 308: literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
Page 309 and 310: kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
Page 311 and 312: mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
Page 313 and 314: damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
Page 315 and 316: Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
Page 317 and 318: gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
Page 319 and 320: li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
Page 321 and 322: amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
Page 323 and 324: li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
Page 325 and 326: SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
Page 327 and 328: isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
Page 329 and 330: tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
Page 331 and 332: qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
Page 333 and 334: xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
Page 335 and 336: vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338: stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
Page 339 and 340: myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
Page 341 and 342: `mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
Page 343 and 344: jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
Page 345: gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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