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asTan erTad saxelmwifoebrivi wesrigis sruli moSlac mJRavndeba. orive es faqtori TviTnebobis, egocentrizmis mkvebavia da tiranis socialur-fsiqologiuri tipis gverdiT yaCaRis tips aCens. yaCaRi da tirani erTi fenomenis nairsaxeobebad SeiZleba miviCnioT, maT bevri ram aqvT saziaro _ avtoritaruloba, Zalis kulti, voluntarizmi, religiur da eTikur faseulobaTa ignorireba. arc tirani da arc yaCaRi ar cnobs kanons da samarTals, orive kanongareSe arsebobs. jemal qarCxaZis àntoniosa da daviTSi~ adamianebiT movaWre yaCaRi saxelmwifo wesrigis moSlis produqtia, ukanonobis msxverplia da Tavis mxriv amravlebs ukanonobas, borotebas. misi nihilizmi, cinizmi religiisadmi kanonzomierad warmoiSoba sazogadoeba- Si, sadac suli da zneoba sayrdengamoclilia. magali- Tad, aq arabunebrivi ar aris, rom RvTismsaxurebi ukulturo, usindiso adamianebi iyvnen. es cruqristianuli sazogadoeba monur Semgueblobas iCens aRmaSfoTebeli borotebisadmi _ adamianebiT vaWrobisadmi, yaCaRs xalxic da saero Tu sasuliero zedafenac terorizebuli hyavs da protestis grZnobas es aravisSi badebs. Tavwaxrili morCileba ukanono, usamarTlo Zalisadmi, sulmokle konformizmi saxelmwifoebriobis da religiurobis rRvevis Tanmdevia. borotebas ar urigdeba saqarTvelos evropeli stumari _ misTvis rogorc WeSmaritad religiuri adamianisTvis qristianoba aqtiuri sulieri dapirispirebaa borotebasTan aramarto sakuTar TavSi, aramed socialur garemoSic. igi Tavisi pirovnuli yofierebis siRrmidan SeaRwevs yaCaRis Sinagani arsebis siRrmeSi, poulobs iq agresiulobis pirvelmizezs, fesvs _ SiSs da moZaladis sulis gankurnebas SeZlebs. magram es saswaulis tolfasi aqti amao gamodgeba, radgan saxelmwifoebriv da zneobriv wesrigs moklebul sinamdvileSi mxolod sikeTis da simarTlis CamxSobi raRac 342
jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli da Seucdomlad moqmedi. evropis, dasavluri samyaros saxe, romelic jemal qarCxaZis àntoniosa da daviTSia~ aRbeWdili, TvalSisacemad gansxvavdeba meoce saukunis 20-iani wlebis qarTul prozaSi gamokveTili dasavleTis kritikuli suraTisgan. àntoniosa da daviTSi~ evropa warmogvidgeba Tavisi Zireuli SreebiT. mtkice saxelmwifoebrivi wesrigis da kanonis pativiscemis garda es aris WeSmaritebis mousvenrad maZiebeli suli da goneba, pirovnebis avtonomiurobis Rrma grZnoba, individuumis intensiuri TviTcnobiereba da amasTanave sinamdvilisadmi aqtiuri, pasuxismgebluri damokidebuleba, adamianis maRali Rirsebis rwmena. jemal qarCxaZis nawarmoebSi dasavleTis da saqarTvelos Sexvedra tragikulad sruldeba. axlandel realobaSi, imedia, dasavlur samyarosTan Cveni kontaqti ufro warmatebuli iqneba da dasavleTis daxmareba unayofo ar aRmoCndeba. amis Sedegi ki myari, kanonierebaze dafuZnebuli qarTuli saxelmwifos Camoyalibeba unda iyos. Tu es ver moxerxda, sikeTis qmnis, siyvarulis moTxovnileba da unari, niWiereba, romelic yvelafris miuxedavad yovelTvis iyo da axlac aris saqarTveloSi, verasdros gadaZalavs Cvens arsebaSi istoriis mier aRZrul negatiur midrekilebebs. 1999 343
Page 1 and 2:
SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
Page 3 and 4:
Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
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iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
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Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
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ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
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am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
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mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
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novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
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erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
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SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
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megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
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cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
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Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
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laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
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grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
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iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
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wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
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SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
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lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
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Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
Page 291 and 292: literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
Page 293 and 294: exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
Page 295 and 296: stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
Page 297 and 298: ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
Page 299 and 300: niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
Page 301 and 302: tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
Page 303 and 304: om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
Page 305 and 306: arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
Page 307 and 308: literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
Page 309 and 310: kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
Page 311 and 312: mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
Page 313 and 314: damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
Page 315 and 316: Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
Page 317 and 318: gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
Page 319 and 320: li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
Page 321 and 322: amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
Page 323 and 324: li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
Page 325 and 326: SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
Page 327 and 328: isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
Page 329 and 330: tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
Page 331 and 332: qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
Page 333 and 334: xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
Page 335 and 336: vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338: stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
Page 339 and 340: myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
Page 341: `mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
Page 345 and 346: gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
Page 347 and 348: ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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