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masStabi da brwyinvaleba aqvs momatebuli, rasac xels uwyobs konkretul-empiriuli realobis Seviwroeba da gamkrTaleba miTiur-legenduri warmosaxvis mier. es tendencia, XIX saukunis tradiciisgan gansxvavebiT, saqarTvelos da qarTvelebs saxavs ara rogorc Soreul warsulSi did qveyanas da xalxs, romelmac Semdeg daqveiTeba ganicada, aramed rogorc axlac arsebiTad dids. misTvis saqarTvelos, qarTvelobis arsi raRac metafizikuria da igi, Tundac gareSe mizezebis gamo mTeli sisruliT ver vlindebodes an TviTonve raRac naklic axldes, mainc naklis CaTvliT yovel- Tvis diadi, cxovelmyofeli da mZlavria. am arsis metafizikuri amaRlebuloba enobrivad gamoixateba Tanamedrove metyvelebisgan sagangebo da- SorebiT, sityvisTvis arqaul-zeaweuli elferis micemiT. iqmneba pretenziuli stili, romlis Sesaferisia literaturuli gmiric... TviTgandidebis tendenciam daZlia qarTuli sinamdvilis realisturad uiluzio literaturuli warmosaxva _ ilia WavWavaZis, <strong>daviT</strong> kldiaSvilis, mixeil javaxiSvilis esTetikur-zneobrivi poziciis sayrdeni principi da didi zegavlena moaxdina meoce saukunis qarTuli masobrivi cnobierebis formirebaze. ase imitomac moxda, rom komunisturi ideologizebuli diqtatura Znelad iTmenda erovnuli xasiaTis, cnobierebisken mimarTul cocxal da kritikul azrsac. igi miuRebeli iyo sabWoTa reJimisTvis, romelic aramarto Trgunavda, aramed epirfereboda kidec sab- WoTa kavSiris xalxebs _ am xerxiTac imorCilebda maT. eri, romlis pativmoyvareobac dakmayofilebulia, naklebad ufiqrdeba Tavis arsebobas, naklebad svams mwvave kiTxvebs da amdenad ufro uwyinari da ioli samarTavia. magram saqarTveloSi erovnuli Tavmomwoneobis da TviTgandidebis mTavar, yvelaze Zlier gamRviveblad mainc stalinis fenomeni mogvevlina: sabediswero mniSvneloba hqonda am pirovnebis qarTvelobas. stalinis kultis pirobebSi saqarTvelos istoriis, saerTod qarTuli samyaros zeaweva da gandideba am kultis, 336
stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo. es ori faqtori erTmaneTs aZlierebda da erTi mimarTulebiT moqmedebda, ajadoebda qarTul masobriv cnobierebas iluziiT, rom saqarTvelos sidiade aRorZinda da ganxorcielda stalinis grandiozul figuraSi. istoriuli romanebis gmirebi, qarTveli mefeebi stalinis arqetipebad da winamorbedad warmodgebodnen; Cveni TvalsaCino poetebi amirans adarebdnen stalins an, vTqvaT, acxadebdnen, rom misi suli Tamar mefis sulidan aRen- To da misi akvanic Tamaris xeliT dairwa. saqarTvelos diadi warsulis da awmyos uwyvetoba stalinSi gansaxierda: òri saxeli erTmaneTs erwymis, didi stalini da didi SoTa~. TviT stalinsac Wirdeboda qarTuli samyaros gandideba sakuTari sidiadis rogorc kanonzomieri movlenis warmosaCenad (amitom Catarda misi kur- TxeviT rusTavelis da ilias iubileebi, qarTuli kulturis dekada moskovSi...). stalini qarTvelTa gamorCeulobis da aRmatebulobis Seuval argumentad iqca, amis gamo aRmoCnda misi kulti CvenSi ase gamZle. qarTulma Tavmomwoneobam swored stalinis mmarTvelobis periodSi da stalinis figuris zegavleniT miiRo saboloo saxe da kanonikuri statusi. samarTlianoba moiTxovs iTqvas, rom sabWoTa reJimis pirobebSi qarTuli samyaros gandideba nacionaluri TviTmyofadobis da Rirsebis dacvis saSualebad isaxeboda, magram arsebiTad TviTgandidebis fenomeni amrudebda patriotizms. xelisuflebisTvis ki erovnul TviTgandidebas da TviTtkbobas safrTxe arasdros Seuqmnia. TviTgandideba sinamdvileSi erovnuli umweobis safarvelia da mas xelisufleba aramarto iwynarebda, aramed iyenebda kidec. misTvis saSiSi iqneboda Tvalaxelili, kritikuli patriotizmi, xolo TviTgandidebaSi imaleboda safrTxe CvenTvis da ara sabWoTa reJimisTvis. poststalinuri epoqis qarTul kulturaSi SeadrebiT gaZlierda nacionaluri sinamdvilisadmi realistur-kritikuli damokidebuleba _ literaturaSi, Te- 337
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
Page 3 and 4:
Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
Page 9 and 10:
daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
Page 19 and 20:
Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
Page 27 and 28:
`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
Page 31 and 32:
magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
Page 35 and 36:
Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
Page 49 and 50:
Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
Page 119 and 120:
moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
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iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
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Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
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ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
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am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
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mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
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novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
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erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
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SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
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megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
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cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
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Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
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laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
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grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
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iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
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wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
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SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
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lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
Page 281 and 282:
Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
Page 285 and 286: ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
Page 287 and 288: omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
Page 289 and 290: jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
Page 291 and 292: literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
Page 293 and 294: exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
Page 295 and 296: stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
Page 297 and 298: ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
Page 299 and 300: niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
Page 301 and 302: tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
Page 303 and 304: om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
Page 305 and 306: arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
Page 307 and 308: literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
Page 309 and 310: kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
Page 311 and 312: mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
Page 313 and 314: damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
Page 315 and 316: Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
Page 317 and 318: gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
Page 319 and 320: li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
Page 321 and 322: amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
Page 323 and 324: li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
Page 325 and 326: SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
Page 327 and 328: isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
Page 329 and 330: tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
Page 331 and 332: qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
Page 333 and 334: xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
Page 335: vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 339 and 340: myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
Page 341 and 342: `mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
Page 343 and 344: jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
Page 345 and 346: gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
Page 347 and 348: ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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