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ac mTavaria, cxovrebis is wesi, romliTac ivan iliCi cxovrobs, klavs individualobas, pirovnebas. ivan iliCi ar gamoirCeva raRac gansakuTrebuli borotebiT, magram borotebaa ukve is, rom mis yofierebas ar warmarTavs misi sakuTari goni da sindisi, rom brmad aris mindobili cxovrebis dakanonebul standartebs, yalb Sablonur formebs. ivan iliCis sicocxle socialur pirobiTobebSia bolomde Cawretili. sikvdili ubrunebs, ufro sworad, aniWebs tolstois gmirs individualobas, sakuTar saxes, aniWebs namdvil martoobas _ Tu is adre marto iyo, oRond amas zedapiruli da pirobiTi urTierTobebi niRbavda, axla is grZnobs, rom tragikulad, saSinlad martoa, magram samagierod es misi ganumeorebeli pirovnuli arsebobis gamovlinebaa, misi damoukidebeli fiqris pirobaa, WeSmaritebasTan ziarebis piroba. es WeSmariteba ki ubraloa, magram Rrma da gamZlea. ivan iliCi itanjeba axloblebis gulgrilobiT da xedavs, rom TviT misi codvac gulgriloba, sxvisi tkivilis gaziarebis uunaroba iyo. da WeSmariteba naTdeba misTvis maSin, roca igrZnobs sibraluls, TanagrZnobas Svilisadmi, romelsac gulwrfelad awuxebs mamis moaxloebuli sikvdili. cxovelmyofeli WeSmariteba, uromlisodac mis cxovrebaSi sikvdili batonobda, adamianebTan Sinagani Tanaazrobaa, siyvaruli da TanagrZnobaa... Tu tolstoisTan sikvdils didebuleba da zeaweuloba axlavs, Cexovis SemoqmedebaSi igi im sinacrisfris da uRimRamobis zRvaria, romelSic samyaroa CaZiruli. adamianebis sisustis, Secdomebis, aRkveTili swrafvebis, adamianuri cxovrebis mouwyoblobis da gaugebrobis, mosawyenobis miRma ilandeba sikvdili rogorc raRac ruxi, blanti nivTierebis masa, romelic adamianTa arSemdgar sicocxles nel-nela, uCumrad iwovs... CexovisTvisac adamianis cxovrebis Sefasebis uytuari sazomi is aris, umweoa Tu ara es cxovreba sikvdilis winaSe, ararasken mieqaneba Tu myaria, mtkice fun- 312
damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis~ gmiri, gamoCenili mecnieri, sikvdilis pirispir darCenili xedavs, ramdeni sicruea mis arsebobaSi, ra usaSvelod mouwesrigebelia misi axloblebis cxovreba da ra uRonoa Tvi- Ton saimisod, rom raime Secvalos, vinmes arsebiTad daexmaros. mas eZaleba pesimizmi, radgan Tavis garSemo axla mxolod siwvrilmanes, uniWobas, Secdomebs da Seusabamobebs, gaugebrobebs amCnevs. am kacs, romelic mecnierebas aRmerTebda da `Zvlis tvini ufro ainteresebda, vidre samyaros saboloo mizani~, Tavisi axloblebis cxovrebaSi bevri ram mxedvelobidan gamor- Ca, imdeni yuradReba ar arguna maT, ramdensac saWiroebdnen. igi, sikvdilis momlodine, acnobierebs Tavisi dramis mTavar, Zireul mizezs — mis sicocxles aklda is, rasac ùwodeben cocxali adamianis RmerTs~... sikvdili uZleveli xdeba imitom, rom adamianebi ise cxovroben, TiTqos igi ar arsebobs da gvianRa ixseneben, maSin, roca is ukve Zalian axlosaa; unda gaxsovdes sikvdili, raTa srulfasovnad icocxlo, raTa sicocxle Signidanve ar daRrRnas sikvdilma _ sicruem, gulgrilobam, sulierma gaxevebam, siyvarulis ukmarobam. 1996 313
Page 1 and 2:
SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
Page 3 and 4:
Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
Page 31 and 32:
magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
Page 49 and 50:
Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
Page 67 and 68:
jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
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iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
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Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
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ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
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am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
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mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
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novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
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erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
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SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
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megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
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cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
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Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
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laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
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grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
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iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
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wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
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SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
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lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
Page 261 and 262: moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
Page 263 and 264: mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
Page 265 and 266: lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
Page 267 and 268: aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
Page 269 and 270: vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
Page 271 and 272: da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
Page 273 and 274: * * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
Page 275 and 276: guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
Page 277 and 278: cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
Page 279 and 280: oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
Page 281 and 282: Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
Page 283 and 284: esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
Page 285 and 286: ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
Page 287 and 288: omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
Page 289 and 290: jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
Page 291 and 292: literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
Page 293 and 294: exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
Page 295 and 296: stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
Page 297 and 298: ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
Page 299 and 300: niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
Page 301 and 302: tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
Page 303 and 304: om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
Page 305 and 306: arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
Page 307 and 308: literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
Page 309 and 310: kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
Page 311: mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
Page 315 and 316: Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
Page 317 and 318: gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
Page 319 and 320: li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
Page 321 and 322: amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
Page 323 and 324: li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
Page 325 and 326: SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
Page 327 and 328: isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
Page 329 and 330: tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
Page 331 and 332: qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
Page 333 and 334: xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
Page 335 and 336: vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338: stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
Page 339 and 340: myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
Page 341 and 342: `mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
Page 343 and 344: jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
Page 345 and 346: gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
Page 347 and 348: ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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