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igi gamsWvalulia ucxos da ucnobis Secnobis axleburi ganwyobiT. aqtiuroba da dinamiuroba avTandilis bunebrivi Tvisebebia, magram misi qmedeba Sesatyvisi, mkafiod gacnobierebuli da formulirebuli msoflmxedvelobrivi mrwamsiTac aris warmarTuli. es aris aqtivizmis filosofia (àra viqm, codna ras margebs filosofosTa brZnobisa~). avTandili cvlis, srulyofs samyaros Tavisi idealuri warmodgenebis Sesaferisad. mas surs Seqmnas is, rac adre ar arsebobda, anda arsebobda da dairRva _ yovlismomcveli harmonia. literaturis mkvlevarebs SemCneuli aqvT garkveuli Tanxvedra `merans~ da `vefxistyaosans~ Soris, msgavseba `meranis~ gmirs da avTandils Soris, romelic moicavs calkeul saxeebs da motivebs. magram aq SeiniSneba ufro Rrma da arsebiTi erTianobac, samyarosadmi aqtiuri, gardamqmneli damokidebulebis erTnairi aRiareba adamianuri yofierebis Zireul principad. `meranis~ gmiris msxverplgamRebi aqtivoba gamiznulia ukeTesi samyaros dasafuZneblad, sadac adamianis Tavisufleba Zlevs bedisweras, am aqtivobis mZlavri stimulia samyaros srulyofis vneba. es gmiri TiTqos gamouval viTarebaSi aRmoCenili avTandilia, xolo misi msoflmimarTeba tragikuli aspeqtiT gamJRavnebuli avTandilis msoflmimarTebaa, romelic moiTxovs samyaros srulyofis cdas Tundac TavisSewirvis fasad. ilia WavWavaZiseuli Tergis saxe `meranTan~ genetikurad Cans dakavSirebuli. oRond ilia rogorc realisti ukve mTlianad cxovrebas, obieqtur realobas gaiazrebs energiul, SeuCerebel aqtivobad. Tergis xati iliasTvis adamianuri arsebobis WeSmariti wesis ganmsazRvreli paradigmaa, romelic gulisxmobs samyarosadmi daudgromlad qmediT mimarTebas. es paradigma ganxorcielda TviT ilias moRvaweobaSi _ gaxevebuli qarTuli sinamdvilis sasikeTod gardaqmnis, ganaxlebis nayofier da amave dros tragikul cdaSi. samyaros srulyofisken mimarTuli aqtivoba umaRles zneobriv da esTetikur faseulobad warmodgeba vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi. es upirveles yovlisa 292
exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakanonebul da amdenad SeumCnevel borotebaSi Cafluli garemos eTikur WeSmaritebaTa Sesatyvisad gardaqmnis, srulqmnis moTxovnilebiT aRZruli aludas aqtivoba fatalurad Seejaxeba masis sulier inertulobas _ Tu baraTaSvilis `meranSi~ samyaros gardasaxvisken swrafvis CamxSobi bediswera abstraqtulia, vaJas epikur poeziaSi igi konkretdeba rogorc masis gadaulaxavi Sinagani uZraoba... aqtivizmis rogorc samyarosTan damokidebulebis principis moulodnel gansaxierebas vpovebT vaJas miniaturaSi `mTani maRalni~. TiTqos miwas daSorebuli mTebi uSfoTvel TviTWvretaSi unda iyvnen CaZiruli, magram maTi statikuroba gamZafrebul sulier aqtivobas faravs. mTebis dausrulebeli molodini niSnavs sulis daZabul ltolvas siaxlisken, jer Seucnobis Secnobisken _ ùnaxavis danaxvisken~. sulieri xasiaTisaa mZafri aqtivoba galaktionis `lurja cxenebSic~, misi masazrdoebeli agreTve ùnaxavis danaxvis~ Jinia. lurja cxenebis saxe simbolurad gamoxatavs SemoqmedebiTi cnobierebis daudgromlobas, SemoqmedebiTi fantaziis ganuwyvetel aqtivobas, romelic yofierebis axal-axal fenebs wvdeba da eufleba, sikvdilis fenomensac ganWvrets da gamudmebiT afarToebs Secnobilis sazRvrebs. sazrisgamoclili, saSineli samyaros pirispir, sadac sikvdili batonobs, pirovnebis arsebobis gamarTlebaa produqtiuli Sinagani aqtivoba, imis miuxedavad, rom igi samyaros praqtikulad ver gardaqmnis. guram rCeuliSvilis àlaverdobaSi~ samyarosadmi aqtiuri damokidebuleba xorcSesasxmelad konkretul -empiriul sinamdviles ubrundeba. àlaverdobis~ gmiri amkvidrebs SemoqmedebiTi Sromis umaRles faseulobas, romelic srulyofs samyaros da adamians sulieri uZraobisgan, sulieri sikvdilisgan icavs. SemoqmedebiTi Sroma sakraluri fenomenia, romelic adamianis arsebobas azriT da sicocxlis Zlieri nebiT, sicocxlis sixaruliT msWvalavs da romlis meSveobiTac adamiani samyaroSi adamianur wesrigs afuZnebs; namdvili, 293
Page 1 and 2:
SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
Page 3 and 4:
Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
Page 27 and 28:
`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
Page 31 and 32:
magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
Page 49 and 50:
Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
Page 67 and 68:
jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
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iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
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Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
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ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
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am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
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mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
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novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
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erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
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SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
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megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
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cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
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Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
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laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
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grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
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iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
Page 241 and 242: valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
Page 243 and 244: `zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
Page 245 and 246: wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
Page 247 and 248: SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
Page 249 and 250: araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
Page 251 and 252: lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
Page 253 and 254: wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
Page 255 and 256: ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
Page 257 and 258: Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
Page 259 and 260: `winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
Page 261 and 262: moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
Page 263 and 264: mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
Page 265 and 266: lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
Page 267 and 268: aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
Page 269 and 270: vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
Page 271 and 272: da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
Page 273 and 274: * * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
Page 275 and 276: guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
Page 277 and 278: cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
Page 279 and 280: oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
Page 281 and 282: Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
Page 283 and 284: esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
Page 285 and 286: ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
Page 287 and 288: omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
Page 289 and 290: jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
Page 291: literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
Page 295 and 296: stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
Page 297 and 298: ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
Page 299 and 300: niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
Page 301 and 302: tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
Page 303 and 304: om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
Page 305 and 306: arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
Page 307 and 308: literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
Page 309 and 310: kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
Page 311 and 312: mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
Page 313 and 314: damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
Page 315 and 316: Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
Page 317 and 318: gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
Page 319 and 320: li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
Page 321 and 322: amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
Page 323 and 324: li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
Page 325 and 326: SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
Page 327 and 328: isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
Page 329 and 330: tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
Page 331 and 332: qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
Page 333 and 334: xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
Page 335 and 336: vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338: stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
Page 339 and 340: myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
Page 341 and 342: `mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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