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jemal qarCxaZe Tavisufal pirovnebad yofna mizandasaxulad Tu spontanurad yvela mwerali Tavisi qveynis da xalxis xats qmnis da mwerlis Sefasebis erT-erTi sando kriteriumi isic aris, Tu ramdenad saintereso da metyvelia, WeSmaritia es xati. amasTanave, rac ufro metad uRrmavdeba literatura nacionalur sinamdviles, miT ufro universaluri xdeba igi Tavisi mniSvnelobiT. jemal qarCxaZe iyo qarTuli sazogadoebis, saqarTvelos SesaniSnavi mxatvari-analitikosi, romlis Semoqmedeba gvexmareba Cveni erovnuli raobis SecnobaSi. mis prozaSi literaturis umTavresi kiTxva _ ra aris adamiani _ gaiazreba rogorc kiTxva qarTveli adamianis bunebis Taobaze da piruku. jemal qarCxaZisTvis damaxasiaTebelma realobis Ca- Ziebulma kritikul-analitikurma xedvam yvelaze srulyofili gamoxatuleba mis mier meoce saukunis oTxmocian wlebSi daweril nawarmoebebSi pova. man mwvaved igrZno qarTuli sazogadoebis sulieri, zneobrivi krizisi da ganaxorciela misi utyuari mxatvruli analizi. ironia, romelic yovelTvis niSandoblivi iyo jemal qarCxaZis TvalTaxedvis da stilisTvis, gansakuTrebul sibasres da elvarebas iZens vrcel moTxrobebSi `solomoniani~, `gube~, ìupiteris sinanuli~. am nawarmoebTa personaJebi eqcevian daundoblad Zlieri mxatvruli ganaTebis areSi da absoluturad gam- Wvirvaleebi xdebian. aq Rrmad aris gaxsnili Tema, romelic jemal qarCxaZes yvelaze metad ainteresebda _ adamianSi pirovnebis dabadeba Tu verdabadeba. `gubeSi~ avtori TiTqos jojoxeTs gamoatarebs Tavis personaJs, romlis brma sulSic egoizmi, sixarbe, 288
jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ man mtkivneuli dartymebi unda miiRos, raTa Tvali aexilos, dainaxos mTeli Tavisi ubadrukoba, Sinagani siRatake, Tavisi arsebobis idioturoba. moTxroba warmogvidgeba egoisturi, TavisTavSi daxSuli, sicocxlis sufTa wyaroebs mowyvetili cnobierebis Semzarav mxatvrul fenomenologiad. pirovnebad ver iqceva `solomonianis~ gmiri, patrioti da wesieri kaci, romelmac verasdros ver SeZlo Tavisi nebis da azris damkvidreba da icxovra ara mis mier arCeuli, aramed sxvebisgan Tavsmoxveuli cxovrebiT. igi ver acnobierebs, rom misi saTayvanebeli ilia WavWavaZe pirvel rigSi Tavisufali pirovneba iyo da ilias mimdevroba uwinares yovlisa Tavisufal pirovnebad yofnas niSnavs. brwyinvale ironiiT ixateba, rogor gamoutans ulmobel ganaCens, rogor `Camowers~ moTxrobis sulierad SezRudul, SeboWil personaJs istoria, romlis axali etapic mkacrad moiTxovs, rom qarTuli patriotizmi Tavisufali pirovnebis ideas daemyaros da Tavisi inteleqtualuri, kulturuli Tvalsawieri gaifarTovos. pirovnulobis mTavari mowinaaRmdege, jemal qarCxaZis TvalTaxedviT, aris siyalbe, niRbosnoba. iseT niRbosans, rogoric aris neroni ìupiteris sinanul- Si~, mxolod pirovnebad yofnis TamaSi SeuZlia, namdvilad mniSvnelovani da saintereso pirovneba is ver iqneba. fsevdopirovnebisTvis miuwvdomelia pirovnuli sawyisis damamkvidrebeli iseTi Zireuli fenomenebi, rogorebicaa siyvaruli da Semoqmedeba. neroni cdilobs TviT sicrue aqcios Semoqmedebad, xelovnebad, magram es `xelovneba~ pirdapiri, uxeSi Zaladobis daxmarebis gareSe sruliad araefeqtiania. jemal qarCxaZis mier daxatuli artistuli tirani Sinaganad ubadrukia, sakuTari arasrulfasovnebis faruli grZnobiT gamoRrRnili, namdvili adamianuri faseulobebisadmi brma. misi siZliere sxvebis sisusteebis SemCnevis da gamoyenebis unari da sxvaTa tkivilis gancdis uunarobaa. bevrisSemZleobis miuxedavad Tavisi 289
Page 1 and 2:
SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
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Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
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iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
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Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
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ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
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am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
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mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
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novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
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erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
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SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
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megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
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cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
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Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
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laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
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grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
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iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
Page 237 and 238: matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
Page 239 and 240: ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
Page 241 and 242: valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
Page 243 and 244: `zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
Page 245 and 246: wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
Page 247 and 248: SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
Page 249 and 250: araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
Page 251 and 252: lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
Page 253 and 254: wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
Page 255 and 256: ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
Page 257 and 258: Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
Page 259 and 260: `winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
Page 261 and 262: moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
Page 263 and 264: mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
Page 265 and 266: lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
Page 267 and 268: aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
Page 269 and 270: vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
Page 271 and 272: da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
Page 273 and 274: * * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
Page 275 and 276: guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
Page 277 and 278: cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
Page 279 and 280: oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
Page 281 and 282: Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
Page 283 and 284: esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
Page 285 and 286: ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
Page 287: omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
Page 291 and 292: literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
Page 293 and 294: exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
Page 295 and 296: stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
Page 297 and 298: ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
Page 299 and 300: niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
Page 301 and 302: tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
Page 303 and 304: om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
Page 305 and 306: arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
Page 307 and 308: literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
Page 309 and 310: kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
Page 311 and 312: mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
Page 313 and 314: damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
Page 315 and 316: Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
Page 317 and 318: gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
Page 319 and 320: li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
Page 321 and 322: amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
Page 323 and 324: li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
Page 325 and 326: SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
Page 327 and 328: isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
Page 329 and 330: tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
Page 331 and 332: qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
Page 333 and 334: xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
Page 335 and 336: vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338: stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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