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idealizebulia. misi raoba SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc `materialisturi romantizmi~ an `warmarTuli romantizmi~. marTlac `warmarTulia~, ZvelisZvelia, Tanamedrove civilizaciis mkvidrisTvis ucnauria miwis, miwierebis, samyaros materialurobis iseTi aRtacebuli, gamaRmerTebeli aRqma, rogoric giorgi leoniZis poeziaSia gamoxatuli. giorgi leoniZisTvis mimzidveli da mSvenieria yovelive, rac sisxl-xorciT savse da sicocxlisunariania, uxvi sasicocxlo energiiT aRWurvilia. ùlamazesi mxolod is aris, vinc avsebula Tavis dros ZaliT _ adidebuli, damwifebuli yana, mdinare, venaxi, qali... da rac ki sunTqavs dRes qveyanaze, rac sicocxleTi ari cxoveli: miwa, foToli, Rrublis nagleji _ Seni sityvebis Rimils moelis~. sijansaRe, Zliereba, energiuloba sicocxlis is Tvisebebia, romelTac giorgi leoniZis TvalSi upiratesi esTetikuri Rirebuleba aqvT. amas ukavSirdeba yivCaRis saxe, barbarosobis poetizacia mis SemoqmedebaSi. Warbi sasicocxlo Zalis gamovlinebebi esTetikurad momxibvlelia maSinac, roca es Zala agresiulia, damangrevelia. `tramal da tramal gamogedevne, Semovamtvere gzebi triali, mcxeTas vumtvrie saketurebi, vlewe taZrebi kelaptriani!~. es TiTqos nicSes sicocxlis filosofiaSi gamokveTili zekacis ideis poeturi ekvivalentia. sicocxlisgan ganuyofelia brZola da Zlieri sicocxlisadmi giorgi leoniZis siyvaruli brZolis siyvarulsac moicavs. amiT aris ganpirobebuli mis poeziaSi urTierTSexlis, Zlevis, dauflebis (an, Sesabamisad, damarcxebis, damxobis, ganadgurebis) niSniT aRbeWdil xatTa sixSire, saxeobriobis mxedruli ieri. giorgi leoniZes gamorCeulad uyvars is, rac samyaroSi axalia, axladSobili Tu axladaRmocenebulia, radgan masSi sicocxle yvelaze metad Rvivis. amis gamoa, rom samyaros axalgazrdulad xarbi pirvelaRqma, romelic am samyaros aaxlebs da sasicocxlo Zalas 236
matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSnad esaxeba _ `siWabuke da leqsi erTia~. siyvarulic _ siWabukis Tanamgzavri _ mis SemoqmedebaSi jansaRi vitaluri energiis mozRvavebaa, romelic ucnaurad aris Serwymuli silbosTan da sifaqizesTan _ `nazi grigalia~. siyvaruli TiTqos yovlisSemZled aqcevs adamians da igi eufleba samyaros, sicocxlis elvare silamazis mTel simdidres. giorgi leoniZis poeturi ena, stili sicocxlis sisavsis Tu dramatulobis mZlavri xorcSesxmaa. `gelandeba najaxebi da grigali damjaxebi mwared agaTr- Tolebs. cas janRebis ajanyebiT, setyvas, mbrwyinav Tovlebs, damdnar ZvlebiT egebebi, martoxeo, ole!~. poeti is aris, visac ena Tavis saidumlos gaandobs da amiT samyaros namdvili saxis danaxvis SesaZleblobas aniWebs. enis Sidaxedis, sityvebis Cveulebriv Seum- Cneveli urTierTkavSiris ganWvretas SeuZlia samyaros Sinagani wyobis ganWvreta gauadvilos poets, rogorc giorgi leoniZisTvis gansakuTrebulad axlobel rusTavels da vaJa-fSavelas. es TviT giorgi leoniZezec SeiZleba iTqvas. mkveTr nacionalur Seferilobasac giorgi leoniZis poezias upirvelesad enis sicocxlis SuagulSi SeRweva aZlevs. 1999 237
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
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Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
Page 185 and 186: iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
Page 187 and 188: Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
Page 189 and 190: ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
Page 191 and 192: am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
Page 193 and 194: mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
Page 195 and 196: novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
Page 197 and 198: erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
Page 199 and 200: SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
Page 201 and 202: megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
Page 203 and 204: cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
Page 205 and 206: Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
Page 207 and 208: laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
Page 209 and 210: geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
Page 211 and 212: Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
Page 213 and 214: geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
Page 215 and 216: grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
Page 217 and 218: os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
Page 219 and 220: antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
Page 221 and 222: omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
Page 223 and 224: galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
Page 225 and 226: ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
Page 227 and 228: miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
Page 229 and 230: iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
Page 231 and 232: musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
Page 233 and 234: dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
Page 235: giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
Page 239 and 240: ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
Page 241 and 242: valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
Page 243 and 244: `zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
Page 245 and 246: wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
Page 247 and 248: SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
Page 249 and 250: araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
Page 251 and 252: lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
Page 253 and 254: wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
Page 255 and 256: ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
Page 257 and 258: Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
Page 259 and 260: `winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
Page 261 and 262: moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
Page 263 and 264: mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
Page 265 and 266: lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
Page 267 and 268: aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
Page 269 and 270: vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
Page 271 and 272: da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
Page 273 and 274: * * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
Page 275 and 276: guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
Page 277 and 278: cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
Page 279 and 280: oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
Page 281 and 282: Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
Page 283 and 284: esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
Page 285 and 286: ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
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exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
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stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
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literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
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mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
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Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
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xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
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vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
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stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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