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sulieri wyurvili imgvari sulieri wyobis poeti, rogoric galaktion tabiZea, SeiZleboda warmoSobiliyo mxolod qristianuli safuZvlis mqone kulturaSi, iseve rogorc simbolizmi, romelTanac galaktionis poeziaa dakavSirebuli, SeiZleboda bunebrivad SeeeTvisebina mxolod qristianul tradiciaze damyarebul kulturas. galaktionis poeturi individualobis Rrma Tvisebaa gaunelebeli sulieri wyurvili, srul da srulyofil WeSmaritebasTan, sikeTesTan, mSvenierebasTan ziarebis gardauvali moTxovnileba, romelic qristianuli kulturis mier aris formirebuli. galaktioni absolutis, absoluturi faseulobebis, maTi samoTxiseburi sisavsis maZiebeli poetia. misi Semoqmedeba SeiZleba aRviqvaT rogorc absolutis maZieblis lirikuli avtobiografia, romelSic ùCvev naTelTan~ misaaxloeblad zeaRsvla da miwaze danarcxeba Tu jojoxeT- Si vardna gamudmebiT enacvleba erTmaneTs. Znelia daasaxelo meoce saukunis poeti, romelic galaktionze mwvaved grZnobdes qristianobisgan gaucxoebis tragizms, RmerTisgan gaucxoebuli samyaros saSinelebas. qarTul poeziaSi am mxriv galaktionTan yvelaze axlos niko samadaSvilia. galaktionis iseT gamorCeul leqsebSi, rogorebicaa `silaJvarde, anu vardi silaSi~, `Semodgoma ùmanko Casaxebis~ mamaTa savaneSi~, `lurja cxenebi~, tradiciul religiurobas daSorebuli, tradiciul religiur nugeSs moklebuli adamianis godeba gaismis... leqsSi `Tu brZola ar aris~ epoqis krizisulobis mizezad qristianobisgan mowyveta, religiuri cnobierebis rRveva da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebis diqtati, teqnikur-urbanistuli civilizaciis moZaleba ikveTeba: `mraval saxeze aris obloba, mravals aSfoTebs ra- Rac monoba: rogor SeviZloT uRvTismSobloba, viT avitanoT umadonoba? gahqra zmaneba, gahqra feria, nu- Tu bodleric araferia? Selic hiugos daemgvaneba? miusse, verlen? RmerTi? kaeni? aha, qalaqTa gviani ne- 228
iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. galaktionis TvalTaxedviT, uRmerToba amkvidrebs ara Tavisuflebas (rogorc bevri fiqrobda), aramed `monobas~ da sulier si- Ratakes; religiis daSreta empirikiT SeuboWavi mxatvruli warmosaxvis, Rrma da maRali mxatvruli azrovnebis masazrdoebeli niadagis gamofitvis tolfasia. TviT galaktioni inarCunebs cocxal, nayofier kav- Sirs am niadagTan. misi mxatvruli msoflaRqma mravali xiluli Tu uxilavi ZafiT aris Seqsovili religiur, qristianul kulturasTan. galaktioni Tavisi iSviaTi poeturi intuiciis wyalobiT wvdeba da sityvaSi moixelTebs qristianobis unikalur sulier atmosferos. `xomalds mihyveba TeTri madona da yvavilebi giiadona~ _ rogori siwminde, alersi, silbo, keTili xareba iRvreba uCveulo sityvidan `giiadona~... qristianobis sulis zedmiwevniTi poeturi sizustiT ametyveleba Semdgom ana kalandaZis lirikis niSandobliv Taviseburebad mogvevlina. galaktionis poeziaSi igrZnoba mtkivneuli nostalgia qristianobis sulieri dominirebis xanisadmi, iseve rogorc adamianis warmosaxvis transcendenturisken mimmarTavi qristianuli xatovanebisadmi, romelsac poeti sityvis magiuri xelovnebiT axlad qmnis. `gadia, laJvard sirmareuli gumbaTebis qveS xatebs evlebi, mTvareuli da sizmareuli geCvenebian sasufevlebi. kvlav gumbaTidan unazes lilas gangialeben sneul ferebiT _ Sav marmarilos, TeTr marmarilos da marmarilos vardis CqerebiT. gwyuria, odes sanTlebi elavs, waiRo suliT aurzauri, bagiT Seexo madonas xelebs da igrZno sunTqva araqauri~ (`Cveni dRis ambebs Zalian mwyrali...~). galaktioni bolomde absolutis maZieblad, sulieri wyurviliT Sepyrobilad darCa. SesaZloa, es yvelaze gamWvirvaled Candes gviandel leqsSi `varskvlavia~, romelSic transcendenturis uecari, gamaognebeli gamonaTeba ukanaskneli locvis Tu aRsarebis utyuarobiT da sisa<strong>daviT</strong> aris aRbeWdili. samyaroSi gamefebuli amaoebis, wyvdiadis miuxedavad mainc SeigrZ- 229
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
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Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
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sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
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da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
Page 177 and 178: Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
Page 179 and 180: àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
Page 181 and 182: yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
Page 183 and 184: arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
Page 185 and 186: iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
Page 187 and 188: Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
Page 189 and 190: ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
Page 191 and 192: am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
Page 193 and 194: mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
Page 195 and 196: novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
Page 197 and 198: erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
Page 199 and 200: SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
Page 201 and 202: megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
Page 203 and 204: cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
Page 205 and 206: Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
Page 207 and 208: laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
Page 209 and 210: geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
Page 211 and 212: Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
Page 213 and 214: geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
Page 215 and 216: grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
Page 217 and 218: os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
Page 219 and 220: antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
Page 221 and 222: omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
Page 223 and 224: galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
Page 225 and 226: ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
Page 227: miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
Page 231 and 232: musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
Page 233 and 234: dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
Page 235 and 236: giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
Page 237 and 238: matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
Page 239 and 240: ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
Page 241 and 242: valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
Page 243 and 244: `zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
Page 245 and 246: wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
Page 247 and 248: SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
Page 249 and 250: araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
Page 251 and 252: lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
Page 253 and 254: wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
Page 255 and 256: ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
Page 257 and 258: Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
Page 259 and 260: `winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
Page 261 and 262: moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
Page 263 and 264: mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
Page 265 and 266: lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
Page 267 and 268: aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
Page 269 and 270: vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
Page 271 and 272: da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
Page 273 and 274: * * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
Page 275 and 276: guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
Page 277 and 278: cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
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Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
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exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
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stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
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literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
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mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
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Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
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xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
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vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
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stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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