daviT guramiSvili

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sazeimo sxdomas sityviT mimarTavs. pirovnebis `sazRvrebi waiSleba~, misi namdvili `me~ warixoceba da is ambobs imas, rac ar wams, amarTlebs Zaladobas, `sisxlis gamoSvebas~. romanis mTavari gmiri mTlianobaSi iTqvifeba, magram es, cxadia, aris ara is Tavisufali da bunebrivi Tanaziaroba samyarosTan da adamianebTan, romelsac igi natrobs, aramed pirovnebis sulieri TviTmyofobis gaqrobaa, pirovnebis araraobad qcevaa. cru ideis safuZvelze adamianebis aseTi aranamdvili, araTavisufali gamTlianeba mimdinareobs sabWoTa kavSirSi da es procesi romanSi sinamdvilis fantastikuri absurdiT Senacvlebad warmodgeba (àkaSas qronika~). qimera batondeba, Zalmomreobs realobaze da cxovrebas SemaSfoTeblad ucxo ieri edeba, avadmyofuri fantaziis gamonagons emsgavseba. TavisTavisgan ucxovdeba, ucnaurad gardaiqmneba romanis mTavari personaJic, roca saqarTvelos okupaciis wlisTavze aRtkinebul sityvas warmoTqvams. sakuTari Tavisadmi am Ralatis sazRaurad miiCnevs igi dapatimrebas. magram moraluri sazRauris gadaxda am SemTxvevaSi niSnavs sikvdilis SiSis morevas, sikvdili ki Zalian axlodan imuqreba. `dRisiT aq (gpu-Si) samariseburi simSvide sufevda, RamiT ki _ ase samsa da oTx saaTs Soris _ SiSismomgvreli xmebi gaismoda: TiTqos Citis galiaSi SemZvrali gveli xoxviT miikvlevda gzas, enas asisinebda, nel-nela aqanebda Tavs. tusaRebi damunjebulni ugdebdnen yurs am Cqams gareT sabargo manqana Rmuoda. virTxebi cocxldebodnen, TiTqos moaxloebuli leSis suni winaswar ikreso. yvela idumalad grZnobda mosaxdens. TviT Zilsac ki elviseburad xvretda intuicia, romelic erTbaSad anaTebda yvelafers. tani saSinelis siaxloves grZnobda. momspobi xaxa daRebuli iyo, bneli, gauZRomeli. kidev erTxel ewameboda dionise. nabijebi derefanSi yru Sikrikebi iyvnen sikdilis~. Tamazma gonebiT icis, rom `roca RmerTiT cxovrob, veravin wagarTmevs sicocxles~, magram amis ganyenebuli codna ar kmara sikvdilis SiSis mosagerieblad; 220
omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi umZafrdeba RvTisgan mitovebulobis grZnoba. is ver icnobierebs da isisxlxorcebs imas, risi wvdomisganac TiTqos Sors ar aris _ qristianuli RmerTi swored tanjuli RmerTia da adamiani yvelaze metad maSin uaxlovdeba qristes, roca codvaTa gamosasyidad tanjvas tvirTulobs da WeSmaritebisTvis ewameba. Tamazs, miwieri sicocxlis gamaRmerTebels, es unari ar aRmoaCndeba. magram dacemis Semdeg is _ sikvdils gadarCenili berzinis Tu sxvaTagan gansxvavebiT _ sulmokled ar CaebRauWeba sicocxles. warmarTi kvdeba masSi. igi Tvals usworebs Tavisi sisustis mizezs, TavisTavze iRebs dacemiT gamowveuli sulieri tanjvis simZimes rogorc damsaxurebul sasjels da ase aRasrulebs imas, rac manamde ver SeZlo; mxolod am tanjviT aRmoaCens da eziareba qristes rogorc cocxal WeSmaritebas da realobas, aRmoaCens, rom qristes gareSe misi saTayvanebeli amqveyniuri mSvenierebac sikvdilis, araras kuTvnilebaa. grigol robaqiZis gmiri TviTon gamocdis sakuTari Teoriuli Tvalsazrisis simarTles: `revolucia arnaxulad waaqezebs uRmerTobas, xolo SiSveli, uRmerTo adamiani erTbaSad igrZnobs sicarieles da aRmafreniT moinatrebs dakarguls~. romanis finals kvals aCnevs is garemoeba, rom grigol robaqiZis meTodSi da stilSi aris simbolizm- Tan dakavSirebuli fena _ simbolizmis danaSrevia realobis gaidumaleba, demonizmi, movlenebis faruli, zeempiriuli ganzomilebis aqcentireba; ZiriTadad romanSi es sakmaod zomierad vlindeba, metwilad cxovrebiseul masalas, TiTqosda irealur sabWoTa sinamdviles Seezrdeba; realisti Tvalyurs adevnebs da awonasworebs simbolists; finalSi ki mistika uceb gau- Sualeblad iWreba da mxatvruli simarTlis xarisxi klebulobs. `Cakluli suli~ inteleqtualizmis primatiT aRbeWdili nawarmoebia, rac iSviaTobas ar warmoadgens Cveni saukunis literaturaSi. oRond romanSi iqac, sadac inteleqtualuri, eseisturi elementi Warbobs, 221
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
Page 3 and 4:
Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
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seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
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gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
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iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
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mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
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`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
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Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
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uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
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misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
Page 169 and 170: sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
Page 171 and 172: da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
Page 173 and 174: aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
Page 175 and 176: zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
Page 177 and 178: Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
Page 179 and 180: àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
Page 181 and 182: yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
Page 183 and 184: arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
Page 185 and 186: iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
Page 187 and 188: Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
Page 189 and 190: ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
Page 191 and 192: am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
Page 193 and 194: mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
Page 195 and 196: novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
Page 197 and 198: erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
Page 199 and 200: SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
Page 201 and 202: megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
Page 203 and 204: cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
Page 205 and 206: Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
Page 207 and 208: laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
Page 209 and 210: geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
Page 211 and 212: Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
Page 213 and 214: geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
Page 215 and 216: grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
Page 217 and 218: os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
Page 219: antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
Page 223 and 224: galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
Page 225 and 226: ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
Page 227 and 228: miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
Page 229 and 230: iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
Page 231 and 232: musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
Page 233 and 234: dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
Page 235 and 236: giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
Page 237 and 238: matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
Page 239 and 240: ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
Page 241 and 242: valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
Page 243 and 244: `zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
Page 245 and 246: wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
Page 247 and 248: SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
Page 249 and 250: araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
Page 251 and 252: lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
Page 253 and 254: wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
Page 255 and 256: ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
Page 257 and 258: Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
Page 259 and 260: `winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
Page 261 and 262: moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
Page 263 and 264: mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
Page 265 and 266: lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
Page 267 and 268: aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
Page 269 and 270: vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
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Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
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exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
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stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
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literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
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mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
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Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
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xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
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vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
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stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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