daviT guramiSvili

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omliskenac gaboroteba, SurisZiebis Jini ewevaT (rogorc amas arCilis ZiZiSvilis Tavgadasavali mowmobs). maT saxeebs mwerali TavSekavebiT xatavs da Ria Sefasebebs gaurbis _ aramarto imitom, rom mkacri obieqturoba misi stilis maxasiaTebelia, aramed imitomac, rom romani ukve ocian wlebSi iwereboda (is 1927 wels gamoqveynda). mainc TvalsaCinoa am xalxis raoba _ Zaladoba da sisxlisRvra maTTvis normaluri movlenaa, isini moralur problemebze Tavs ar imtvreven. avismomaswavebeli nakvTebi SeiniSneba revolucionerebis saxeebSi. social-demokratebis, gansakuTrebiT bolSevikebis wreSi arCil dadiSiani orTodoqsiis da Seuwynareblobis damTrgunvelobas grZnobs. pirovnebis sulieri Tavisufleba, damoukidebeli azrovnebis, eWvis ufleba CaixSoba. esec TandaTan aSorebs arCils socialdemokratebisgan. misi maZiebeli buneba veRar eTviseba doqtrinis sworxazovnebas. igi imsWvaleba pativiscemiT cocxali sinamdvilisadmi, romelic aRemateba nebismier gonebaWvretiT sqemas da proeqts, nebismier dogmas. mainc social-demokratiuli ideologiisgan arCil dadiSianis gandgomis mTavari mizezi erovnuli fenomenisadmi am ideologiis nihilisturi damokidebulebaa. erovnuli nihilizmisgan dadiSianis gankurneba danawevrebulad ar aris warmoCenili, magram misi gardamtexi momentebis motivireba damafiqrebel dakvirvebebs Seicavs. cixeSi arCil dadiSians leqciis wakiTxva mouxdeba erovnuli sakiTxis marqsistuli gagebis Temaze _ dadiSianis WeSmarit marqsistobaSi eWvi eparebaT da es eWvi leqciam unda gafantos. igi aramarto axerxebs amas, aramed TavisTavSi imden paToss aRmoaCens, rom TviTonve ukvirs. marqsizmis aRar sjera, magram marqsistul Tvalsazriss erovnul sakiTxze iseTi gulwrfeli TavgamodebiT icavs, rom ver gaugia, ra alaparakebs ase. mxolod bundovnad gauelvebs SegnebaSi `molandeba... odesRac Zlieri, magram amJamad ganadgurebuli modgmis daSinebuli sulisa, romelsac sakuTari 204
Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis ukanasknel da erTaderT saSualebad, rom arseboba ganegrZo~. es paradoqsi SeiZleba ase gavigoT _ `modgmis suli~ daiqanca erovnuli TviTmyofobisTvis brZolaSi gancdili mravali marcxiT, daiTrguna am brZolis uperspeqtivobis grZnobiT da amitom ebRauWeba moZRvrebas, romelic erovnul problemas saerTod ar miiCnevs arsebiTad, socialuri samarTlianobis damyarebas saxavs yvela problemis gadaWris pirobad; erovnuli Cagvris Ziric socialuri Cagvra, usamarTlobaa da mizezis mospobiT moispoba Sedegic; patara, dauZlurebul ers, amgvarad, TiTqos gadarCenis Sansi eZleva... SesaZlebelia, amgvarma ganwyobamac ganapiroba is, rom social-demokratiuli moZraoba saqarTveloSi masobrivi mxardaWeriT sargeblobda. arCil dadiSiani Semdegac ganagrZobs fiqrs ucnauri leqciis Sesaxeb da agnebs im ZiriTad motivs, romelic sakuTar erovnebas ase gatacebiT uarayofinebs. Tavis megobars, patriotuli enTuziazmiT savse kacs Salva ramaZes arCili umxels: `cixeSi rom viyavi, uCveulo azrebi damebadnen... im azrebis uCveuloba imaSi gamoixateboda, rom... rogor giTxra... qarTveli rom viyavi, amis gamo Tavi Zalian mecodeboda. amas isic daemata, rom Zalian mindoda erovnulad didi vyofiliyavi, sul erTia, warsuliT Tu awmyoTi, magram gansakuTrebuli didebiT mindoda meamayna. ai, rogorc es inglisels, an frangs, germanels, russ SeuZlia, ginda Zvelebs mravals kidev, berZnebs, romaelebs da sxvebs. magram, warmoidgine, saamayo Cvens istoriaSi maincdamainc veraferi ver aRmovaCine... ra iyo mizezi, rom sul ubedureba gvWirda da monobas Tavi verasodes ver davaRwieT...~. uTuod Rirs am iSviaT aRsarebaSi gamkrTali fenomenis gageba vcadoT. sakuTari dabeCavebuli eris uaryofisken pirovnebas ubiZgebs survili, aRar iziarebdes mis ubedurebas da uRonobas, magram am movlenis mTavari wanamZRvari mainc sxva ram aris _ pirovnebis survili, iyos èrov- 205
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
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Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
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angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
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lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
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Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
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ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
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moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
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axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
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TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
Page 153 and 154: seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
Page 155 and 156: gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
Page 157 and 158: iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
Page 159 and 160: mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
Page 161 and 162: `sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
Page 163 and 164: Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
Page 165 and 166: uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
Page 167 and 168: misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
Page 169 and 170: sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
Page 171 and 172: da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
Page 173 and 174: aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
Page 175 and 176: zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
Page 177 and 178: Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
Page 179 and 180: àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
Page 181 and 182: yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
Page 183 and 184: arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
Page 185 and 186: iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
Page 187 and 188: Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
Page 189 and 190: ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
Page 191 and 192: am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
Page 193 and 194: mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
Page 195 and 196: novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
Page 197 and 198: erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
Page 199 and 200: SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
Page 201 and 202: megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
Page 203: cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
Page 207 and 208: laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
Page 209 and 210: geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
Page 211 and 212: Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
Page 213 and 214: geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
Page 215 and 216: grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
Page 217 and 218: os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
Page 219 and 220: antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
Page 221 and 222: omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
Page 223 and 224: galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
Page 225 and 226: ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
Page 227 and 228: miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
Page 229 and 230: iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
Page 231 and 232: musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
Page 233 and 234: dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
Page 235 and 236: giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
Page 237 and 238: matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
Page 239 and 240: ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
Page 241 and 242: valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
Page 243 and 244: `zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
Page 245 and 246: wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
Page 247 and 248: SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
Page 249 and 250: araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
Page 251 and 252: lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
Page 253 and 254: wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
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Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
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exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
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stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
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literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
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mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
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Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
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xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
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vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
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stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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