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arsebobis dawyebis TiTqosda realuri SesaZlebloba, romelic sqesis winaSe SiSiT daTrgunul moTxrobis mTavar personaJs eZleva, faqtobrivad sikvdilis mier movlenili veragi iluziaa. obieqturad igi sruliad qarwyldeba _ qali kvdeba, magram es rCeba Tomas Tvalsawieris miRma da is kvlav iluziis morCilia, tanjviT ganagrZobs misTvis sanukvari adamianis Zebnas, romelic ukve iseTive fantomia, rogoric romantikuli Tu simbolisturi poeziis Soreuli da miuwvdomeli qalis xateba. mwerali ar Seajaxebs Tavis personaJs unugeSo simarTlesTan, radgan mis mier qalis sikvdilis Setyoba melodramad aqcevda nawarmoebs, romelSic isedac mkacri gemovnebis moTxovnaTa darRvevis riskiT aris gamoyenebuli melodramatuli elementebi siyvarulis romantikis gamosaxatad. Tumca ufro arsebiTi is aris, rom TviT personaJs ar surs, Zala ar yofnis Seicnos simarTle, maSin, roca sul axlosaa masTan _ misi saxe groteskul simrudes bolomde inarCunebs. am personaJis mdgomareoba, romelic Tavisi arsiT `kurdRelis~ gmiris avadmyofobas gvagonebs, ufro saSineli da gamouvalia, vidre nebismieri melodrama, saerTod Cveulebrivi adamianuri ubedureba. iluziis tyveobaSi samudamod darCena da realobaSi damkvidrebis absoluturi SeuZlebloba, _ Tundac iluzias gmiris pa- Tologiur cxovrebaSi WeSmariti adamianuri swrafva Sehqondes _ mwerlis TvalTaxedviT, Tavadac paTologiaa, arasrulfasovnebisTvis ganwirulebaa. `jayos xiznebi~ iluziaTa katastrofuli msxvrevis da Tvalisaxelis mravalaqtian tragikomedias warmoadgens. iluziebi aq aRar aris Semofargluli mxolod adamianebis kerZo cxovrebiT, socialur-politikur da msoflmxedvelobriv sferoebs wvdeba. Teimuraz xevisTavis azrovneba, miswrafebebi, `saqmianoba~ mTlianad iluziebzea damyarebuli da raRac fantastikuri elferi aqvs. Teimurazis progresistuli ocnebebi, misi warmosaxvis gamudmebuli naxtomebi globalur politikaSi, misi moCvenebiTi sazogadoebrivi aqtivoba didad aSorebs mas cocxal realobas da 190
am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqmnis miraJs alandebs. yovelive es ganamtkicebs xevisTavis iluzorul warmodgenas sakuTari aRmatebuli mniSvnelovnebis Sesaxeb. socialur-politikuri da msoflmxedvelobrivi iluziebi imiT aris saxifaTo, rom uneblieT uwyobs xels uyuradRebod mitovebul sinamdvileSi raRac iseTis warmoqmnas da zrdas, rac Tavisi bunebiT mTlianad ewinaaRmdegeba yovelgvar idealizms. sinamdvilis SurisZieba iluziebiT dabrmavebuli Teimurazis mimarT iseTi sastikia, rom Znelia misTvis analogis mo- Zebna da aramarto qarTul literaturaSi. magram xevisTavis saxeSi gasaocari da iSviaTi, erTdroulad tragikuli da komikuri is aris, rom am adamianis cnobiereba yvelaze sazareli, TiTqosda saboloo Tvalisaxelis Semdeg kvlav iluziebs badebs da ebRauWeba, vidre morig kraxs ganicdides. Teimurazi gamudmebiT mieqaneba iluziebidan iluziebisken _ racionalisturi utopiidan qristianobis meoxebiT sulieri aRorZinebis uniadago imedisken, anda ulmobeli zekacis viTomda mxsneli idealisken... Tumca iluziebis gacamtverebis da reanimaciis es procesi mTlad unayofo ar aris, radgan Teimurazs Tvali exileba Tavis pasuxismgeblobaze imis gamo, rac moxda. Teimurazs ar uqreba margosTan SeerTebis imedi da es iluzia, romelmac sinamdvilis umZimes dartymebs gauZlo, sulis sisustis garda ucnauri erTgulebis gamomJRavnebacaa. magram aqac, iseve rogorc òqros kbilSi~, iluzia da adamianuri srulfasovneba erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebelia. iluziebis gaqarwyleba da Tvalisaxela `TeTr sayeloSic~ xdeba, oRond ise dramatuli ar aris, rogorc moTxrobebSi da `jayos xiznebSi~. qalaquri, civilizebuli cxovrebiT, arsebiTad ki sabWoTa reJimiT gabezrebuli inteligentisTvis miuRebeli realobisgan gammijvneli romantikuli TavSesafaria xevsurebis miuvali sofeli _ arqauli samyaro, sadac istoriuli dro SeCerebulia, batonobs tradicia da miTi. magram eliz- 191
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
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Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
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li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
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lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
Page 139 and 140: angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
Page 141 and 142: lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
Page 143 and 144: Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
Page 145 and 146: ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
Page 147 and 148: moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
Page 149 and 150: axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
Page 151 and 152: TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
Page 153 and 154: seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
Page 155 and 156: gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
Page 157 and 158: iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
Page 159 and 160: mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
Page 161 and 162: `sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
Page 163 and 164: Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
Page 165 and 166: uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
Page 167 and 168: misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
Page 169 and 170: sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
Page 171 and 172: da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
Page 173 and 174: aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
Page 175 and 176: zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
Page 177 and 178: Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
Page 179 and 180: àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
Page 181 and 182: yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
Page 183 and 184: arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
Page 185 and 186: iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
Page 187 and 188: Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
Page 189: ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
Page 193 and 194: mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
Page 195 and 196: novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
Page 197 and 198: erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
Page 199 and 200: SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
Page 201 and 202: megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
Page 203 and 204: cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
Page 205 and 206: Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
Page 207 and 208: laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
Page 209 and 210: geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
Page 211 and 212: Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
Page 213 and 214: geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
Page 215 and 216: grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
Page 217 and 218: os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
Page 219 and 220: antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
Page 221 and 222: omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
Page 223 and 224: galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
Page 225 and 226: ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
Page 227 and 228: miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
Page 229 and 230: iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
Page 231 and 232: musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
Page 233 and 234: dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
Page 235 and 236: giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
Page 237 and 238: matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
Page 239 and 240: ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
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wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
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SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
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lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
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Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
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exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
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stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
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literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
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mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
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Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
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xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
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vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338:
stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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