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warmomadgenlebi faqtobrivad moikveTebian adamianebis modgmisgan da maT ise eqcevian, rogorc araadamianebs, maT mimarT yovelgvari uzneobis Cadena gamarTlebulia. dadga yaSa lazareTa dro, romelTa daundobel Seuwynareblobas ùcxoebisadmi~ agresiis da batonobis nebis amouwuravi rezervuari amaragebda `sawvaviT~. es tipi sxvadasxva garemoSi, bunebrivia, sxvadasxvagvar ideologiur Seferilobas Rebulobs. is SeiZleba mogvevlinos, vTqvaT, rogorc amerikeli rasisti persi grimi folkneris àgvistos naTelSi~, an rogorc germaneli nacisti iudeani volfgang kopenis romanidan `sikvdili romSi~, magram misi arsi yvelgan erTnairad martivi da saSinelia. stiqiur ubedurebasaviT gadaivlis igi dedamiwaze da Tavis nakvalevze cxedrebs tovebs. man icis Tu alRoTi grZnobs, rom àmqveynad SeuzRudveli Zalaufleba marto sikvdils aqvs da Zalauflebis namdvili gancdisTvis saWiroa mxolod erTi ram _ mkvleloba~ (v. kopeni). gansakuTrebiT Zlevamosili da damangreveli yaSa lazares tipi mainc Cvens sinamdvileSi iyo. mixeil javaxiSvils, gadmocemiT, uTqvams: `minda erTi moTxroba davwero Temaze: Cemi romanebisa da moTxrobebis gmirebi Cems oTaxSi Segrovdnen da sasamarTlo gamimarTes, avtors asamarTleben misi nawarmoebebis gmirebi... ra dRes damayrian, vin icis, ramden sayvedurs metyvian. me mgoni, saintereso Canafiqria. rogorme amisaTvis movicli~. am Canafiqrs moTxrobis nacvlad cxovrebaSi ewera ganxorcieleba. personaJebma gaasamarTles avtori, oRond sayvedurebs ar dajerdnen; ar apaties, rom man isini adreve SeniSna da gaaSiSvla. 186 1989
Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic mixeil javaxiSvilis ni- Wis arss Seadgens, tradiciulad ar dominirebs qar- Tul mxatvrul azrovnebaSi. es aris midrekileba adamianis saxis mkveTri deheroizaciisken, adamianis `SiSvlad~ xilvisken, cxovrebis xedvis xazgasmuli, mkacri miwiereba, romelic aviwroebs amaRlebul-romantikul sawyiss, am xedvis basri ironiuloba, susxiani skeptikuroba, qarTuli sinamdvilis kritikuli aRqma... mixeil javaxiSvilis SemoqmedebiTi mowodeba simar- Tlis daJinebuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, gasastikebuli maZieblobaa, romelic mis TvalsawierSi moqceul yovelgvar moCvenebiTobas da iluzias acamtverebs. saerTod, realizmi SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc siyalbeTa, moCvenebiTobaTa da iluziaTa gamoaSkaravebaze, gaqarwylebaze damyarebuli mxatvruli meTodi, rogorc iluziebis damamsxvreveli mxatvruli instrumenti. balzakis erT-erTi romanis saTauri `gamqrali iluziebi~, SesaZloa, gamodges realizmis formulad, romelic erTnairad miesadageba adrindeli Tu klasikuri realizmis nimuSebs, vTqvaT, `don kixots~ an `madam bovaris~. iluziebis realistur gaqarwylebaSi mixeil javaxiSvili did simZafres, gabedulebas da ganuxrel Tanmimdevrulobas iCens. qarTul literaturaSi misi winamorbedi iluziebis gamqarwylebeli <strong>daviT</strong> kldiaSvilia, oRond ufro lmobieri da Semwynarebeli. iluziaTa miRma arsebuli, Tundac sastiki da sazizRari simarTlis wvdomis moTxovnileba ayalibebs mixeil javaxiSvilis msoflmxedvelobas da stils. mis yvelaze mniSvnelovan nawarmoebTa erT wyebaSi ki realobis da iluziis Sejaxeba arsebiTi motivi Tu problemaa, personaJis saxis da siuJetis agebis warmmarTveli principia. sistemuri simwyobriT da gamokveTilobiT mJRavndeba yovelive es moTxrobaSi `kurdReli~, sadac niuansuri fsiqologizmiT aris aRbeWdili dramatuli su- 187
Page 1 and 2:
SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
Page 3 and 4:
Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
Page 49 and 50:
Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
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nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
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las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
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daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
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amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
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faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
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moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
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ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
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sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
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vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
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pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
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eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
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el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
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kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
Page 135 and 136: li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
Page 137 and 138: lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
Page 139 and 140: angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
Page 141 and 142: lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
Page 143 and 144: Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
Page 145 and 146: ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
Page 147 and 148: moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
Page 149 and 150: axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
Page 151 and 152: TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
Page 153 and 154: seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
Page 155 and 156: gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
Page 157 and 158: iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
Page 159 and 160: mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
Page 161 and 162: `sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
Page 163 and 164: Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
Page 165 and 166: uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
Page 167 and 168: misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
Page 169 and 170: sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
Page 171 and 172: da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
Page 173 and 174: aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
Page 175 and 176: zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
Page 177 and 178: Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
Page 179 and 180: àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
Page 181 and 182: yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
Page 183 and 184: arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
Page 185: iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
Page 189 and 190: ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
Page 191 and 192: am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
Page 193 and 194: mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
Page 195 and 196: novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
Page 197 and 198: erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
Page 199 and 200: SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
Page 201 and 202: megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
Page 203 and 204: cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
Page 205 and 206: Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
Page 207 and 208: laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
Page 209 and 210: geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
Page 211 and 212: Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
Page 213 and 214: geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
Page 215 and 216: grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
Page 217 and 218: os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
Page 219 and 220: antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
Page 221 and 222: omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
Page 223 and 224: galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
Page 225 and 226: ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
Page 227 and 228: miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
Page 229 and 230: iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
Page 231 and 232: musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
Page 233 and 234: dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
Page 235 and 236: giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
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wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
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SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
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lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
Page 279 and 280:
oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
Page 281 and 282:
Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
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exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
Page 295 and 296:
stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
Page 307 and 308:
literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
Page 311 and 312:
mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
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Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
Page 333 and 334:
xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
Page 335 and 336:
vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338:
stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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