daviT guramiSvili
daviT guramiSvili daviT guramiSvili
mixeil javaxiSvili ideologia da xasiaTi bevri qarTuli literaturuli nawarmoebi ar aRelvebs qarTvel adamians ise, rogorc mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebi~, XX saukunis `qarTlis Wiri~ da `bedi qarTlisa~. am romanis ukiduresad mwvave saTqmeli kvlav da kvlav gvaiZulebs fiqrs, daJinebiT gvTxovs yuradRebas. vin aris Teimuraz xevisTavi, ratom marcxdeba ase samarcxvinod, vis da ras ganasaxierebs igi _ ai, kiTxvebi, romelTa pasuxic rac SeiZleba mkafio da Sinaarsiani gvinda iyos. miCneulia, rom `jayos xiznebi~ aris alegoriul saxeebze agebuli nawarmoebi da is, rac am azrSi igulisxmeba, axloa simarTlesTan, magram, rogorc Cans, meti sizustea saWiro. unda gavixsenoT, rom alegoriuli saxe moklebulia TavisTavad mniSvnelobas da Rirebulebas, igi mxolod imis TvalsaCino nimuSs, magaliTs warmoadgens, rac saxis miRmaa. `jayos xiznebis~ personaJebi ki iseTi msuye saRebavebiT, ise ferxorcielad da reliefurad arian daxatuli, ise energiulad, vnebiT da gatacebiT gamoyavs mwerals maTi nakvTebi, rom SeuZlebelia isini gluv alegoriul figurebad aRviqvaT. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es personaJebi satiruli gadaWarbebis meTodiT Seqmnil, mkveTrad individualizebul xasiaTebs warmoadgenen; amasTan erTad socialuri da fsiqologiuri tipiurobis niSans atareben. magram arc aseTi gansazRvrebaa savsebiT damakmayofilebeli: Cven vgrZnobT, rom Sinaarsi, romelic romanis personaJebSia ganxorcielebuli, ufro farTo da zogadia, vidre literaturulma xasiaTma an tipma SeiZleba moicvas. `jayos xiznebis~ personaJebi _ uwinaresad Teimurazi _ ideologiis ganmasaxierebeli xasiaTebi arian 170
da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviTon maTac da mTlianad nawarmoebsac simboluri ganzomileba da gamomxatveloba eniWeba. amgvar personaJs, erTi mxriv, aqvs SexedulebaTa garkveuli sistema, garkveuli ideologia, xolo meore mxriv, igi rogorc xasiaTi Tavadaa imave ideologiis gansxeuleba. xasiaTi iseTia, rogoric ideologias, mis raobas Seferis. Teimuraz xevisTavis individualoba misive msoflmxedvelobis satiruli metaforaa. xevisTavis pirovnuli arasrulfasovneba da siberwe xevisTavisve msoflmxedvelobis naklulovnebis saxeobrivi ukufenaa. xevisTavis pirovnuli marcxi im ideologiis kraxia, romlis adeptic is aris da romelsac asaxierebs. garkveuli ideologiis groteskulad utrirebuli gamoxatulebaa jayos saxe, xasiaTic. `jayos xiznebis~ siRrmiseuli kolizia ideologiuri koliziaa. mas ayavs romanSi aRbeWdili, droSi da sivrceSi lokalizebuli, empiriuli konkretulobiT da damajereblobiT warmosaxuli sinamdvile masStaburi ganzogadebis xarisxSi. ideologiur-msoflmxedvelobrivi planis meoxebiT mixeil javaxiSvili `jayos xiznebSi~ asaxuli movlenis mizezs iZiebs, Zirebs wvdeba. jayos gamarjveba kanonzomieria, gardauvalia, radgan umweoa msoflmxedveloba, romelic mas win unda aRdgomoda. raSi mdgomareobs Teimurazis ideologiis arsi? Teimuraz xevisTavi evropeistia, mas sjera axali evropuli kulturis principebis da Rirebulebebis, _ gonebis, mecnierebis, ganaTlebis da codnis, ekonomikuri, socialur-moraluri da politikuri progresis _ romlebic dasabams ganmanaTleblobaSi iRebs. xevisTavi darwmunebulia, rom goneba, azri ufro Zlieria, vidre sinamdvile, rom sinamdvile azris karnaxiT moZraobs da viTardeba. `movifiqroT, movisazroT~ _ akeria pirze Teimurazs; mas gonia, rom sakmarisia WeSmariti azris gamokveTa da realoba xalisiT aRasrulebs gonebis gadawyvetilebas. roca gamoirkve- 171
- Page 119 and 120: moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
- Page 121 and 122: ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
- Page 123 and 124: sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
- Page 125 and 126: vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
- Page 127 and 128: pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
- Page 129 and 130: eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
- Page 131 and 132: el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
- Page 133 and 134: kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
- Page 135 and 136: li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
- Page 137 and 138: lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
- Page 139 and 140: angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
- Page 141 and 142: lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
- Page 143 and 144: Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
- Page 145 and 146: ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
- Page 147 and 148: moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
- Page 149 and 150: axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
- Page 151 and 152: TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
- Page 153 and 154: seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
- Page 155 and 156: gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
- Page 157 and 158: iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
- Page 159 and 160: mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
- Page 161 and 162: `sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
- Page 163 and 164: Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
- Page 165 and 166: uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
- Page 167 and 168: misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
- Page 169: sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
- Page 173 and 174: aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
- Page 175 and 176: zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
- Page 177 and 178: Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
- Page 179 and 180: `avtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
- Page 181 and 182: yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
- Page 183 and 184: arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
- Page 185 and 186: iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
- Page 187 and 188: Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
- Page 189 and 190: ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
- Page 191 and 192: am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
- Page 193 and 194: mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
- Page 195 and 196: novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
- Page 197 and 198: erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
- Page 199 and 200: SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
- Page 201 and 202: megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
- Page 203 and 204: cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
- Page 205 and 206: Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
- Page 207 and 208: laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
- Page 209 and 210: geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
- Page 211 and 212: Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
- Page 213 and 214: geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
- Page 215 and 216: grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
- Page 217 and 218: os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
- Page 219 and 220: antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
mixeil javaxiSvili<br />
ideologia da xasiaTi<br />
bevri qarTuli literaturuli nawarmoebi ar aRelvebs<br />
qarTvel adamians ise, rogorc mixeil javaxiSvilis<br />
`jayos xiznebi~, XX saukunis `qarTlis Wiri~ da<br />
`bedi qarTlisa~.<br />
am romanis ukiduresad mwvave saTqmeli kvlav da<br />
kvlav gvaiZulebs fiqrs, daJinebiT gvTxovs yuradRebas.<br />
vin aris Teimuraz xevisTavi, ratom marcxdeba ase<br />
samarcxvinod, vis da ras ganasaxierebs igi _ ai, kiTxvebi,<br />
romelTa pasuxic rac SeiZleba mkafio da Sinaarsiani<br />
gvinda iyos.<br />
miCneulia, rom `jayos xiznebi~ aris alegoriul saxeebze<br />
agebuli nawarmoebi da is, rac am azrSi igulisxmeba,<br />
axloa simarTlesTan, magram, rogorc Cans, meti<br />
sizustea saWiro.<br />
unda gavixsenoT, rom alegoriuli saxe moklebulia<br />
TavisTavad mniSvnelobas da Rirebulebas, igi mxolod<br />
imis TvalsaCino nimuSs, magaliTs warmoadgens, rac<br />
saxis miRmaa. `jayos xiznebis~ personaJebi ki iseTi msuye<br />
saRebavebiT, ise ferxorcielad da reliefurad arian<br />
daxatuli, ise energiulad, vnebiT da gatacebiT gamoyavs<br />
mwerals maTi nakvTebi, rom SeuZlebelia isini<br />
gluv alegoriul figurebad aRviqvaT.<br />
SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es personaJebi satiruli<br />
gadaWarbebis meTodiT Seqmnil, mkveTrad individualizebul<br />
xasiaTebs warmoadgenen; amasTan erTad socialuri<br />
da fsiqologiuri tipiurobis niSans atareben.<br />
magram arc aseTi gansazRvrebaa savsebiT damakmayofilebeli:<br />
Cven vgrZnobT, rom Sinaarsi, romelic romanis<br />
personaJebSia ganxorcielebuli, ufro farTo da<br />
zogadia, vidre literaturulma xasiaTma an tipma SeiZleba<br />
moicvas.<br />
`jayos xiznebis~ personaJebi _ uwinaresad Teimurazi<br />
_ ideologiis ganmasaxierebeli xasiaTebi arian<br />
170
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