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malizmisgan, romelic mTeli qveynierebis gabednierebaze mcire mizans ar cnobs... sxva eris Tu sarwmunoebis warmomadgenelTa mimarT qarTvelebis Semwynarebloba moinadirebs nalekars, romelic adre saqarTveloSi sayaCaRod dadioda. daRlilic aris es xalxi amdeni Zaladobisgan, sisxlis- Rvrisgan: dResaswaulze Sekrebilebi SiSiT adevneben Tvals Tokze mosiarule jambazs, ar undaT sisxliani sanaxaobis mowme gaxdnen. niko lorTqifaniZis prozaSi qarTuli sinamdvile calsaxovnad ar warmodgeba da arc misi mrude nakvTebia vualirebuli, magram `qeduxrelnSi~ mwerali xedvas mimarTavs ara erovnuli cxovrebis konkretul-istoriuli Wrilisken, aramed eris tradiciulad Camoyalibebuli msoflgagebis birTvisken. da masSi igi ver poulobs wesad danergili, religiuri kultis rangSi ayvanili sisastikis Zirebs, romelsac sasargeblo Tvisebebi miewereba... xelisuflebi amaxinjeben nalekaris ideas _ mis mier gagonili gadmocema gulisxmobs adamianis ara ZaliT Cakirvas, aramed nebayoflobiT msxverplgaRebas. esec saSinelebad miaCnia ediSers, magram gaWris nalekaris argumentebi. `Tu misi survilia, mokvdes, erTi dRiT adre Tavis nebiT, Tu ori dRiT gvian bunebis kanoniT... ar aris didi gansxvaveba da ubedureba. odnav meti tkivili xorcisa da meti araferi...~; Tavganwiruli xom samaradiso pativs moixveWs. xalxi ar iviwyebs, Tayvans cems Tavdadebulebs. igi yveba legendas gmirze, romelic martodmarto jiutad angrevs kldes da natexebisgan mTas agebs _ xalxis TavSesafars. magram mere `xalxs isev daatyda Tavze gareSe mterze ufro saSineli ubedureba~ _ tirania. igi legendaSi warmodgenilia mefe-monstrad, romelic Cvili bavSvebis tviniT ikvebeba da Tavdadebulis mier aRmarTul mTaze aSenebul sasaxleSi fuZndeba: xalxis TavdadebiT tirania sargeblobs, Semzarav Zalas iZens da xalxsve tanjavs. 160
`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe SehyvandaT bavSvebi, magram gamosuli ki aravin enaxaT. sasaxlis namdvili ambavi aravin icoda, magram xmebi Tavzars scemda qveyanas. yvelaze saSineli TiTqos is iyo, rom vinc sasaxlis karibWes gadaacilebda, usastikesi sasjeliT, wamebiT da jojoxeTiT emuqrebodnen: araferi wamogcdes, aq rac naxo an gaigonovo, _ da isinic naxuliT gaSterebulni, ganagoniT gabruebulni, gadmodiodnen kisermoRrecilni, munjni da gaSterebulni. TviT Rrma sardafebSiac xalxi cdilobda pirispir aravis Sexvedroda, rom, Tu saWiro gaxdeboda, eTqva, arc minaxavs, arc ra gamigonia da, aba, vinc ar minaxavs, mas ras vetyodio. elvis siswrafiT qreboda am samTavroSi yoveli Rimi saxeze da Tvalebi mudam Secremlili rCeboda, tuCebis kuTxeebSi ymawvilTac ki naoWebi gauCnda. aRar ismoda araTu adamianTa galoba da simRera, TviT Citebmac ki Seswyvites WikWiki da stvena, haeri damZimda, TiTqos xeliT gasaxleCi gaxda da kaeSnis frinvelebma, sazari Sexedulebis qimerebma, majlajunebma da urCxulebma, ucnobma da unaxavma zlazvniT daiwyes haerSi foriaqi. da roca yvelas imedi daekarga, yvela beds Seurigda da yvela micvalebulTa sulebiviT rigSi Camdgari TviT gaemgzavra saflavisken, gamoCnda viRac ymawvili _ qadagi...~. es zRapruli fantasmagoria Zalian axlosaa realobasTan, sastiki epoqis utyuar anabeWds atarebs... Tumca adamianebma ician, rom sikvdili ar acdebaT, ver bedaven tiraniisTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevas. mainc aRmoCndeba Tavganwiruli kaci, romelic mospobs urCxuls, aRmoCndeba deda, romelic Svils Sewiravs Tavisuflebas. Svarcis `drakonis~ asociacias iwvevs es legenda. tirania emxoba, mefe-urCxulis sasaxle ingreva. swored am sasaxlis nangrevebze agebs xelisufleba cixes _ tiraniis Zveli siZlieris restavrireba unda isev xalxis Tavdadebis xarjze, Tumca iluzias qmnis, TiTqos qveynis da xalxis usafrTxoebaze zrunavs. 161
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
Page 3 and 4:
Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
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gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
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moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
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mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
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sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
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vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
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joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
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misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
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li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
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aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
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vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
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sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
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wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
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Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
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ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
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as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
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`gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
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hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
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om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
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sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
Page 109 and 110: nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
Page 111 and 112: las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
Page 113 and 114: daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
Page 115 and 116: amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
Page 117 and 118: faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
Page 119 and 120: moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
Page 121 and 122: ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
Page 123 and 124: sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari gr
Page 125 and 126: vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
Page 127 and 128: pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
Page 129 and 130: eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
Page 131 and 132: el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
Page 133 and 134: kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
Page 135 and 136: li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
Page 137 and 138: lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
Page 139 and 140: angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
Page 141 and 142: lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
Page 143 and 144: Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
Page 145 and 146: ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
Page 147 and 148: moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
Page 149 and 150: axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
Page 151 and 152: TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
Page 153 and 154: seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
Page 155 and 156: gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
Page 157 and 158: iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
Page 159: mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
Page 163 and 164: Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
Page 165 and 166: uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
Page 167 and 168: misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
Page 169 and 170: sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
Page 171 and 172: da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
Page 173 and 174: aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
Page 175 and 176: zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
Page 177 and 178: Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
Page 179 and 180: àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
Page 181 and 182: yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
Page 183 and 184: arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
Page 185 and 186: iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
Page 187 and 188: Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
Page 189 and 190: ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
Page 191 and 192: am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
Page 193 and 194: mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
Page 195 and 196: novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
Page 197 and 198: erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
Page 199 and 200: SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
Page 201 and 202: megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
Page 203 and 204: cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
Page 205 and 206: Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
Page 207 and 208: laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
Page 209 and 210: geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
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grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
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iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
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wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
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SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
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lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
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Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
Page 293 and 294:
exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
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stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
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literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
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mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
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Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
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xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
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vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
Page 337 and 338:
stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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