daviT guramiSvili

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mianis rogorc RvTisSvilis unikaluri faseulobis Segnebas; qristianuli TvalTxedviT, nebismieri adamianis sicocxle gasafrTxilebelia da ridis Rirsia, dauSvebelia misi saSualebad gamoyeneba raime (Tundac maRali) miznis misaRwevad. amis sapirispirod miqela adamians wiravs gvaris, modgmis, ojaxis gadasarCenad, romelic araTu amqveynad gaagrZelebs mis sicocxles, aramed misi imqveyniuri srulfasovani arsebobis sawindaric iqneba. igi moqmedebs, ase vTqvaT, `bunebrivi gadarCevis~ principiT _ Zlierebi da jansaRebi unda gadarCnen, xolo sustebi unda daiRupon, ZlierTa ke- TildReobas emsxverplon. Tavis SviliSvilebSi miqela ver xedavs TviTmyofad, ganumeorebel adamianebs, cocxal sulebs. misTvis isini arsebiTad Taviseburi obieqtebi arian, romelTagan erTi, avadmyofi, misi miznis asrulebas xels uSlis, xolo meore, jansaRi _ piruku, xels uwyobs. es gansaz- Rvravs moxucis sxvadasxvagvar damokidebulebas SviliSvilebisadmi. jansaRi SviliSvili misi arsebobis gagrZelebis erTaderTi imedia da amitom mas Tbilad ekideba, es bavSvi utilitarulad aris misTvis Zvirfasi. maxvili fsiqologizmiTaa Sesrulebuli pasaJi, sadac miqela ojaxidan gaxiznul janmrTel SviliSvils moinatrebs da masTan midis: miqelas TiTqos ar sjera misi arseboba da mZafrad surs Tavisi imedis ganmasaxierebeli sakuTari TvaliT ixilos kargadmyofi, xeli Seaxos, raTa TviT imedis safuZvlianoba irwmunos; imdenad Zlieria es survili, rom gzaSi SviliSvili elandeba. Sekavebuli, uxmauro dramatizmiT da sulisSemZravi xelSesaxeblobiT aris gamosaxuli miqelasTvis dabrkolebad qceuli da ojaxidan mokveTili, sasikvdilod gawiruli avadmyofi bavSvis martooba, fizikuri da Sinagani tanjva. xolo misi damRupveli bunebis stiqiis suraTi TiTqos metaforulad adamianebis cxovrebis da samyaros sisastikes, ugunurebas gamoxatavs. ver vityviT, rom miqela srulebiT ar wuxdes Tavisi daundoblobis gamo, rom misTvis srulebiT ucxo iyos 122
sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari grZnobebi ase Tu ise mainc gamoJonavs, yovel SemTxvevaSi, bavSvis sikvdilis Semdeg. magram es ver gadafaravs imas, rac moTxrobaSi mTavaria _ tradiciuli religiuri da moraluri mrwamsisgan adamianis daSorebas da amis kanonzomier Sedegebs: sisastikes, damokidebulebas adamianisadmi rogorc usulo obieqtisadmi, saSualebisadmi, ris miRmac TviTSenarCunebis Seukavebeli instinqti ikveTeba. avtori, romlis msoflgancda da stili ver iguebs moralur msjavrmdeblobas, arc miqelas ganikiTxavs, es gasastikebuli adamiani misTvis upirveles yovlisa mainc sacodavi arsebaa. igi am personaJs, iseve rogorc Tavisi personaJebis umetesobas, xedavs damTrgunvel garemoebebze damokidebuls, materialuri siduxWiris, gonebrivi sibnelis, instinqtis sacecebSi umweod momwyvdeuls da Rrmad, mtkivneulad TanaugrZnobs mas. sibralulis, lmobierebis gansakuTrebuli niWi vaJafSavelasTan anaTesavebs daviT kldiaSvils. magram Semwynarebloba, Tavisi gmirebis sacodaobis saTuTi gancda xels ar uSlis mwerals cxadad gaarCios erTmaneTisgan maTi codva da madli. Tu daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobaSi TviTSenarCunebis jiuti neba, romelsac adamiani sxva adamianis sasikvdilod gametebamde miyavs, qristianuli eTikis poziciidan aris gancdili da gagebuli rogorc codva, zneobrivi danaSauli, igi daaxloebiT imave periodis ucxour literaturaSi sruliad sxvagvari, biologisturi da `zekacobis~ damamkvidrebeli interpretaciis saganic gamxdara. amis nimuSia jek londonis proza, sadac yvelanairi saSualebiT sicocxleze magrad mo- Wideba, `bunebrivi gadarCeva~, modgmis faseulobrivi upiratesoba individuumis mimarT warmoisaxeba rogorc bunebis da sazogadoebis universaluri da normaluri kanoni. aseT fonze kidev ufro TvalsaCinoa daviT kldiaSvilis msoflaRqmis qristianul-humanisturi safuZvlebi. 123
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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
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Tamaz vasaZe literatura WeSmaritebi
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daviT guramiSvili sar Cevi Suagulis
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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daviT guramiSvili Suagulis gadanacv
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mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari y
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mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada
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sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebi
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`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis
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Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacur
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araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss,
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* * * `SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqt
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literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven
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`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sina
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as an Tundac konkretul politikur pi
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magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZrave
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aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg
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Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damf
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sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinam
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politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad da
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uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis,
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ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris ga
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uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gageba
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veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis
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Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac Se
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wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri
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grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, e
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dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damo
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naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da b
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zneobrivi dilema SurisZiebis istori
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dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesat
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adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTl
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feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Sor
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jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magra
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aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar
Page 71 and 72: gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis
Page 73 and 74: moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xo
Page 75 and 76: mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is
Page 77 and 78: sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia.
Page 79 and 80: vaJa-fSavela humanizmis ganwiruleba
Page 81 and 82: joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyv
Page 83 and 84: misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principe
Page 85 and 86: li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom Ti
Page 87 and 88: aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi
Page 89 and 90: vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanj
Page 91 and 92: sxva simarTle Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJ
Page 93 and 94: wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi
Page 95 and 96: Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gas
Page 97 and 98: ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo
Page 99 and 100: as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi u
Page 101 and 102: `gvelis mWameli~ _ `mowiweba sicocx
Page 103 and 104: hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, na
Page 105 and 106: om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis n
Page 107 and 108: sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom
Page 109 and 110: nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~
Page 111 and 112: las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas..
Page 113 and 114: daviT kldiaSvili igavi TavkerZobis
Page 115 and 116: amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaS
Page 117 and 118: faruli Sinasamyaro sinamdvilis warm
Page 119 and 120: moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidro
Page 121: ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi
Page 125 and 126: vasil barnovi dacemebi da zeaRsvleb
Page 127 and 128: pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis
Page 129 and 130: eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mou
Page 131 and 132: el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoa
Page 133 and 134: kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxu
Page 135 and 136: li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxeda
Page 137 and 138: lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs
Page 139 and 140: angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~
Page 141 and 142: lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visa
Page 143 and 144: Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic,
Page 145 and 146: ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismo
Page 147 and 148: moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinareb
Page 149 and 150: axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi S
Page 151 and 152: TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas
Page 153 and 154: seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis d
Page 155 and 156: gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqva
Page 157 and 158: iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufr
Page 159 and 160: mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur si
Page 161 and 162: `sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe Sehyv
Page 163 and 164: Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar a
Page 165 and 166: uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisufleb
Page 167 and 168: misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magna
Page 169 and 170: sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqti
Page 171 and 172: da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviT
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aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTi
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zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTu
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Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gvi
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àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ rodes
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yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali ak
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arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares dauc
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iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTi
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Tvalisaxela niSan-Tvisebebi, romleb
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ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologi
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am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqm
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mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware
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novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ W
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erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `sa
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SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokr
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megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arseb
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cduneba romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli R
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Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis u
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laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba,
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geronti qiqoZe realistis simarTle d
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Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da i
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geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa re
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grigol robaqiZe gansacdeli sabWoeTi
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os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organu
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antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT,
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omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi
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galaktion tabiZe enigmaturi saxe da
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ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafor
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miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadg
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iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. gala
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musikalurobis safuZveli winamorbedi
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dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZrao
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giorgi leoniZe sicocxlis poezia gio
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matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSna
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ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisa
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valerian gafrindaSvili sanatreli da
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`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiT
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wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aafer
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SoTa CantlaZe `zeca da ironia~ meoc
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araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mx
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lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikv
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wmenis tragikomedia originaluri per
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ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~
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Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarT
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`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaule
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moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi pers
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mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiT
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lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me
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aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sit
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vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecx
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da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar Se
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* * * or poluss Soris aris ganfenil
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guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad
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cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis cent
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oTar WilaZe sivrcis ori saxe oTar W
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Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis
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esik xaranauli azris silaRe poetis
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ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranauli
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omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav sam
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jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ m
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literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa droi
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exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakan
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stadiebi ama Tu im drois raoba gans
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ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela
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niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSua
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tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiS
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om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas
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arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve se
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literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobr
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kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebi
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mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis s
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damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis
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Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli:
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gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili,
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li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve
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amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swor
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li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis m
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SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabu
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isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer
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tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad
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qarTuli orsaxovneba erovnul Temaze
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xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac
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vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
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stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo.
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myari saxelmwifos gareSe dRevandeli
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`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovre
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jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli
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gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba,
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ilias formula Cvens droSi dasavluri
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