daviT guramiSvili

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis 

instituti 

Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature 

1

2 

Tamaz Vasadze 

Literature 

in Search 

of Verity 

Tbilisi 

2010

Tamaz vasaZe 

literatura 

WeSmaritebis 

ZiebaSi 

Tbilisi 

2010 

3

UDC(uak) 821.353.1.09. 

v-224 

redaqtori 

maka elbaqiZe 

dizaineri 

soso tabucaZe 

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa 

TinaTin duglaZe, paata axraxaZe 

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, 2010 

merab kostavas q. 5 

© SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti 

tel. 99-53-00; E-mail: litinst@litinstituti.ge 

ISBN 978-9941-0-2240-1 

4

daviT guramiSvili 

sar Cevi 

Suagulis gadanacvleba.......................................................9 

araamayi qarTveli...............................................................18 

nikoloz baraTaSvili 

mTawmindis mTvare .............................................................20 

sabediswero Zala ................................................................28 

Tavisuflebisken moZraoba..............................................34 

ilia WavWavaZe 

gaxedva iliasken…...............................................................36 

orgvari cnobiereba............................................................40 

gzajvaredinze......................................................................48 

zneobrivi dilema ...............................................................59 

`yovlad Zlieri mSveniereba~ ........................................64 

akaki wereTeli 

Rirsebis aRsadgenad..........................................................76 

vaJa-fSavela 

humanizmis ganwiruleba....................................................79 

gamaerTianebeli tanjva....................................................84 

sxva simarTle........................................................................91 

5

`gvelis mWameli~_ 

`mowiweba sicocxlis mimarT~........................................101 

daviT kldiaSvili 

igavi TavkerZobis Sesaxeb...............................................113 

faruli Sinasamyaro..........................................................117 

vasil barnovi 

dacemebi da zeaRsvlebi..................................................125 

wamebuli RmerTi................................................................134 

niko lorTqifaniZe 

saerTo elferi...................................................................146 

tiranis saxecvaleba.........................................................152 

yalbi miTis rRveva .........................................................154 

gabrZoleba ..........................................................................166 

mixeil javaxiSvili 

ideologia da xasiaTi......................................................170 

àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~...................................179 

Tvalisaxela .....................................................................187 

leo qiaCeli 

6 

sulis Tavgadasavlebi.....................................................194 

`haki aZba~..............................................................................198 

cduneba ...............................................................................203

geronti qiqoZe 

realistis simarTle da sisadave.................................209 

grigol robaqiZe 

gansacdeli...........................................................................215 

galaktion tabiZe 

enigmaturi saxe da analizi............................................223 

sulieri wyurvili.............................................................228 

musikalurobis safuZveli............................................231 

giorgi leoniZe 

sicocxlis poezia..............................................................235 

tician tabiZe 

tragikuli eqstazi...........................................................238 

valerian gafrindaSvili 

sanatreli da realuri....................................................241 

SoTa CantlaZe 

`zeca da ironia~.................................................................247 

rwmenis tragikomedia......................................................253 

guram rCeuliSvili 

bedniereba sikvdilis fonze.........................................256 

yvelaze didi vneba............................................................274 

7

oTar WilaZe 

sivrcis ori saxe.................................................................279 

besik xaranauli 

azris silaRe.......................................................................283 

jemal qarCxaZe 

Tavisufal pirovnebad yofna.......................................288 

literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa 

drois siRrmidan Cvenamde..............................................291 

stadiebi................................................................................295 

literatura WeSmaritebis Ziebaa................................304 

sikvdilis pirispir .........................................................310 

ganmmartebeli.....................................................................314 

literaturuli kerpTayvanismcemloba....................318 

proza poeziis qveyanaSi .................................................322 

erovnuli da dasavluri 

8 

individualizmi Tu egoizmi..........................................328 

qarTuli orsaxovneba ....................................................331 

Tavmomwoneobis bangi.......................................................334 

myari saxelmwifos gareSe...............................................339 

erovnuli da dasavluri ................................................344 

ilias formula Cvens droSi..........................................347

daviT guramiSvili 

Suagulis gadanacvleba 

avtobiografiuloba guramiSvilis `daviTianis~ 

erT-erTi Zireuli Taviseburebaa, magram mainc am wign- 

Si avtoris cxovrebis konkretuli faqtebi mxolod 

sababad gvevlineba sinamdvilis religiur-simboluri 

gaazrebisTvis da TiTqmis mTlianad qreba masSi. 

erTaderTi biografiuli faqti, romelic isea gadmocemuli, 

rom misi konkretuloba simbolur saxeobriobaSi 

ar aris Cakarguli, lekebis mier guramiSvilis 

datyvevebis da misi tyveobidan Tavdaxsnis ambavia. simbolur-spiritualuri 

lirika `daviTianis~ am nawilSi 

Tanaarsebobs avtoris Tavgadasavlis sagnobriv TxrobasTan, 

cxovrebiseul situaciaTa mRelvare poetur 

aRdgenasTan. 

am ambisadmi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba imiT unda 

iyos gamowveuli, rom igi guramiSvilis cxovrebis sabediswero 

gardatexis punqtia, misi empiriuli da sulieri 

biografiis mTavari, gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis 

mqone momentia, guramiSvilis msoflmimarTebis Ziri- 

Tadi Camomyalibebelia. 

datyveveba sruliad axalgazrda, ocdasami wlis 

guramiSvilisTvis _ cxadia, Tavidanve religiurad 

ganwyobili adamianisTvis _ aRmoCndeba tanjvis is 

gamocdileba, romlis meSveobiTac gauRrmavdeba, ganumtkicdeba 

rwmena da daumyardeba RmerTTan cocxali 

Sinagani kavSiri, qristianuli msoflgancda erTianad 

eufleba da moukveTelad Seezrdeba mis sulier 

samyaros. Tanamedrove cnebaTa enaze rom vTqvaT, 

guramiSvili xvdeba eqstremalur, zRvrul situaciaSi, 

sadac adamiani ganicdis did Sinagan Zvrebs, gaSiSvlebulad 

xedavs TavisTavs da samyaros, amowmebs Tavis 

faseulobebs, Tvali exileba ucnob WeSmaritebaze; anda 

xelaxla aRmoaCens TiTqosda manamdec nacnob WeSma- 

9

itebas, es ki niSnavs, rom rac icoda ganyenebulad, 

formalurad, Turme uSualod da mwvaved exeba piradad 

mas. 

eqstremaluri situaciis cneba da misi gaazreba arsebiTad 

tanjvis qristianul interpretacias emyareba. 

qristianul msoflxedvas tanjvis fenomeni esaxeba 

codvebis sazRaurad da codvebisgan ganmwmendad, adamianis 

sulis, misi rwmenis gamomcdelad da gamomrwTobad; 

tanjviT adamiani Sinaganad uaxlovdeba qristes, 

tanjul RmerTs, Sinaganad ganicdis da eziareba cxovrebis 

qristianuli gagebis WeSmaritebas; tanjva adamianis 

da sinamdvilis gaxleCaa, is amJRavnebs, rom amqveyniuri 

realoba arasaimedo sayrdenia, romelic SeiZleba 

uecrad gamoecalos adamians; igi, qristianuli 

TvalTaxediT, aaSkaravebs, rom adamiani mxolod saku- 

Tar Zalebs ver daendoba, mxolod TavisTavis imedad 

ver iqneba, rom is Tavisi arsebobis yvelaze Rrma ganzomilebaSi 

RmerTis gareSe daucveli da umweoa; tanjva 

SesaZlebelia gamouval sasowarkveTilebaSi Camgdebic 

iyos, magram igi Seicavs potencias, pirovnebis 

yofierebis Suaguli misi sakuTari arsebidan RmerTSi 

gadaanacvlos. 

tanjva, romelic guramiSvils xvda wilad, masSi 

swored yofierebis Suagulis gadanacvlebas iwvevs. 

Tavisuflebis sruliad moulodneli dakargva da bunebrivi 

cxovrebiseuli samyarodan katastrofuli simkveTriT 

mowyveta, fizikuri gvema, damcireba, sikvdilis 

SiSi da absoluturi martooba aiZulebs guramiSvils, 

mTeli arsebiT Setrialdes transcendenturi 

samyarosken, eZios RmerTi, mieswrafos masTan sulier 

siaxloves da erTianobas. 

`daviTianSi~ pirvelad aq warmodgeba RmerTi uSualo 

sulieri urTierTobisTvis misawvdom pirovnul 

arsebad, ara imdenad Tavdaviwyebuli himnebis Soreul 

da abstraqtul obieqtad, ramdenadac uintimures aRsarebaTa 

da locvaTa konkretul gulisxmier adresatad. 

èrTia icode RmerTi rogorc transcendenturi 

da suverenuli `me~ da raRac sul sxvaa, Sen TviTon, 

10

mTeli Sinagani sisavsiT (sakuTari yofierebiT, sisxliT 

da xorciT) Sexvide cocxal kavSirSi, romelSic 

Seqmnili subieqturoba pirispir awydeba transcendentur 

subieqturobas da TrTolviT da siyvaruliT eZiebs 

masSi xsnas. religia arsebiTad aris is, rac aravi- 

Tari filosofia ar SeiZleba iyos: pirovnebis urTier- 

Toba pirovnebasTan mTeli misi riskiT, saidumloTi, 

SiSiT, ndobiT, aRfrTovanebiT da tkiviliani ltolviT~ 

(J. mariteni). 

martoobaSi, umweobaSi da SiSSi edeba saTave guramiSvilis 

amgvar axal urTierTobas RmerTTan. 

`marto viyav, arvin myavda me RvTis meti sxva patroni, 

arca maqvnda saimedod saWurveli samxedroni; 

RmerTs mivendev, man ismina igi Cemi savedroni...~. 

RmerTis Ziebas Tavdapirvel biZgs aZlevs RmerTisgan 

mitovebulobis mtkivneuli grZnoba. tyveobaSi 

guramiSvilis sulieri arsebobis dramatul peripetias 

Seadgens SemaZrwunebeli martoobis, RmerTisgan 

mowyvetilobis gancda da am martoobis gadalaxvis, 

RmerTTan sulieri miaxloebis sanukvari wadili da 

imedi. 

`Senis ver xilvis sevdiTa sulsa risTvisa maZroba? 

mzev, momeSvele, ganmaTbe, siciviT nu damazroba~; 

`ganTiadisa varskvlavo, mis mzeTa-mzisa mTiebo, 

vikargvi bnelis RamiTa, dRev, rad ar momiZiebo!~. 

sulis siRrmeSi mimdinareobs agznebuli da amasTanave 

uaRresad faqizi saubari RmerTTan rogorc cocxal 

da konkretul subieqtTan, individuumTan, romelsac 

SeiZleba ubralod uTxra `Sen~. `Sen~ miemarTeba 

Soreuls, oRond axlomyofebze axlobels. axlomyof- 

Ta Soris ar aris, vinac SeiZleboda misTvis gamxdariyo 

`Sen~ _ SeniSnavs revaz siraZe `daviTianis~ am rkalis 

erT-erTi leqsis ganxilvisas. tanjvis da martoobis 

ufskrulidan amomavali guramiSvilis xma cdilobs 

miwvdes RvTaebriv pirovnebas, erTaderTs, vinc SeiZleba 

gamoexmauros: àrsada myavs misamarTi, me Sen mogmarTeo~. 

misTvis xsna aris egreTwodebuli `martosulis 

aRmafrena martosulisken~. es aRmafrena, Rmer- 

11

Tisken ltolva Tavisi simZlavriT qarTul poeziaSi, 

albaT, Seudarebelia. 

`sayvarelo, saxiT Tqmulo usasyidlo margalito! 

vis gadaro, CemTvis mkvdaro, mzev, mzeTa-mzis magali- 

To! gevedrebi Semibralo, Tavs momWrian mangaliTo, 

odes suli amomglijon, Senke miswi manganiTo! mtanjven, 

sTmeo, aw viT dagTmo, viT umankov tredo-gvrito? 

Sen, SarbaTi, viT dagRvaro da Zimwaris wveni vxvrito; 

bnelsa vzivar, geajebi sasinaTlo amixvrito, amovs- 

Zvre da gamoviqce, movide da Sena gWvrito~. 

niSandoblivia, rom `fsalmunSi~, romelic gurami- 

SvilisTvis religiuri poeziis etalons warmoadgens, 

uxvad aris mtanjveli martoobis eqspresiuli gamoxatulebebi; 

igi aRsavsea RmerTis siaxloves moklebuli 

martosulis CiviliT, moTqmiT (`rodemde damiviwyeb, 

ufalo samudamod? rodemde iqnebi pirmiqceuli Cemgan~; 

`RmerTo Cemo! mogixmob dRisiT da ar mipasuxeb, 

RamiT _ da ar aris simSvide CemTvis~...). 

martooba, romelic TavisTavidan badebs urTier- 

Tobis wyurvils, yvelaze srulad, srulfasovnad daiZleva 

siyvarulSi, `martoobaTa gacvlis cdaSi~ (ortega-i-gaseti). 

da es exeba RmerTisadmi siyvarulsac. 

guramiSvilis leqsi òdes daviTs tyveobasa Sina scioda 

da mze Rrublis gamo TvaliT ara Canda, imaze 

Tqmuli~ am siyvarulis aRmocenebis gacxadebaa. siyvaruli, 

miTumetes RmerTisadmi siyvaruli, moaswavebs 

sayvareli arsebisTvis yvelasTan da yvelaferTan SedarebiT 

upirobo upiratesobis miniWebas, mis absolutur 

gamorCevas da arCevas. leqsSi swored aseTi arCevis, 

upiratesobis miniWebis idumali da sazeimo aqtia 

aRbeWdili: mosiyvarule Tvali xilul mzes (`Tina- 

Tins~), materialur mSvenierebas mowydeba da uxilavi 

mzisken, RmerTisken mimarTavs mzeras; leqsis avtoris 

cnobierebaSi arsebiTi Zvra, Semobruneba, faseulobrivi 

orientaciis Secvla xdeba. 

`sjobs vetrfialo mzeTamzes, mzisaTvis Tavi vaxelo, 

naTlisa gavxde mijnuri, radgan Tvalebsa vaxelo, 

12

mis ukeTesi moyvare sad vpovo, sada vaxelo? mze miwyens, 

Tu mzis sanacvlod TinaTins xeli vaxelo~. 

arCevanis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis aqts aireklavs 

sityvieri formac, romelic xazgasmulad meordeba 

(`zurgT mZime tvirTi mkidia codvisa, ar subuqia... 

sjobs vetrfialo mzeTa-mzes, momfinos mzisa Suqia~). 

axladSobili siyvarulis, sayvareli arsebisTvis 

sruli upiratesobis miniWebis da Sinagani Semobrunebis 

gacxadeba sruldeba erTgulebis ficis msgavsi um- 

Zafresi poeturi gamonaTqvamiT: 

`ragind me asre gavgiJde, Tavi vaxalo tinzeda, 

mxecni, frinvelni vasero Cemsa xorcsa da tvinzeda! ig 

margaliti TaRliTze, oqro gavcvalo sinzeda, vgoneb 

arc maSin gavcvalo igi mze TinaTinzeda~. 

siyvaruli sayvareli arsebis WeSmariti intuituri 

Semecnebaa, RmerTic mxolod man SeiZleba ìcodes~, 

visac igi uyvars. amas efuZneba RmerTis mistikuri 

wvdoma. guramiSvili erTmaneTs upirispirebs RmerTis 

gonebismieri Semecnebis cdas da masTan siyvaruliT 

ziarebas. is, vinc RmerTis gonebiT Secnobas cdilobs, 

verafers aRwevs (`ver scnobs Sens gzasa da kvalsa!~). 

mxolod siyvaruliT SeiZleba RmerTTan sulieri miaxloeba, 

Sexeba, uSualo erTianobis gancda. 

`vis uyvarxar, miaCnixar, Tumc ar icis, sadac zixar, 

SenTvis swvavs xorcsa da Zvalsa, is scnobs Sens gzasa 

da kvalsa!~. 

guramiSvili dramatulad mieltvis RmerTTan amgvar 

miaxloebas. es miaxloeba misTvis RvTisgan `WeSmariti 

gzis~ Setyobis tolfasia (`viT me gTxove, WeSmariti 

gza Sen mauwyeo!~). `WeSmarit gzas~, rogorc guramiSvilis 

mxatvruli azrovnebisTvis saerTod aris damaxasiaTebeli, 

sagnobrivi da zogadi, sulieri mniSvneloba 

aqvs: erTi mxriv, es aris tyveobidan TavisdaRwevis 

gza da, meore mxriv, _ marTali cxovrebis gza. es 

mniSvnelobebi erTmaneTs mTlianad erwymis _ tyveobidan 

Tavdaxsna SesaZlebelia mxolod WeSmarit, 

RvTisTvis sasurvel yofierebis wesze moqceviT. 

13

da ai, guramiSvils `WeSmarit gzas~ auwyebs sakuTari 

guli, romelSic ukve gaRviZebulia RmerTisadmi 

siyvaruli, RmerTis Semcnobi Zala. 

`gulman miTxra: adeo! raRaT maicadeo? Tu ara iq, 

viT iqnas, rac rom daiqadeo? jer rac ufalT yalani 

gedvas, gardixadeo, sTxove, Zala man mogces, visganc 

daibadeo, kvlav wadi da ganxeTqe mterT maxe da badeo; 

mas kacs, RvTisa sayvarels, mihyev, Tavi andeo, visac 

daviT xadodes, uflad Sen mas xadeo! aadeo, adeo! 

guliT maiwadeo! Sors axlixar sayvarels, axlos ganemzadeo, 

saxe misi, suraTi Tvalwin mailandeo, mis win ise 

stirode, iq mas Saebraldeo! Tu gwads, Sensa sayvarels 

guliT Seuyvardeo, SenTvis laxvriT daWrilsa sisxlsa 

cremliT bandeo; ganagdeo, dadeo, nu sul avsa gazdeo; 

damorCildi ufalsa, xade, uRaRadeo; suli, guli musvrili 

RvTis winaSe dadeo! sayvareli giyvardes, sxvas 

nuravis dazdeo, mis gayrasa nu ityvi, ragind Tavs awamdeo, 

Torem diaR giZulebs, Sen rom sxvasa yvandeo, daviTisa 

mcnebaze dadeq, ar gardaxdeo!~. 

es leqsi _ `svinidisis mxileba daviTisa odes datyoebulman 

gamoparva gaivlo gulSia~ _ yvelaze xilulad, 

srulad da ganzogadebulad amJRavnebs avtoris 

sulier samyaroSi tyveobisas momxdar gardatexas _ 

RmerTisken radikalur Sebrunebas, RvTis rwmenaze da 

imedze erTianad damyarebas, misdami mTlianad damor- 

Cilebas da Tavis miZRvnas, mis mimarT erTguli siyvaruliT 

aRvsebas. mTavari da cxovelmyofeli zneobrivi 

kanoni, romelic guramiSvilis sulis siRrmeSi SeaRwevs 

da romelsac igi mTel am gardatexasTan erTad 

daviT fsalmunTmetyvelis msoflmxedvelobasTan 

akavSirebs, aris sinanuli, RmerTis winaSe codvilobis 

gancda, gamovlenili wrfel locva-vedrebaSi. 

aq uSualod vadevnebT Tvals Rrmad nagrZnobi da 

uCveulo simkveTriT danaxuli WeSmaritebis mier pirovnebis 

sulieri arsebis energiulad da savsebiT gamsWvalvas, 

axali `Sinagani adamianis~ dabadebas, guramiSvilis 

cnobierebaSi im religiur-zneobrivi mrwam- 

14

sis saboloo gamokveTis da gamyarebis aqts, romelic 

safuZvlad edeba `daviTians~. 

axali, Rrma religiuri gamocdileba asazrdoebs 

mxneobas da gabedulebas, qmedebis unars, romelic 

tyveobidan Tavdasaxsnelad aris saWiro (`mxneman, viT 

Cqarman wyaroman, ganxeTqos mTa da goria~). 

sizmari, romelSic guramiSvils RvTis warmogzavnili 

arseba ecxadeba da Tavisi warmomgzavnelis nebas 

amcnobs, gaparvisken aqezebs, aseve gaparvisas gamovlenili 

RvTaebrivi mfarvelobis sxva niSnebi fizikuri 

sicxadiT daanaxebs guramiSvils, rom WeSmariteba, romelic 

euwya da romelic man mTeli arsebiT SeiTvisa, 

utyuaria. ganuzomel madlierebas, gancvifrebas, aRfrTovanebas 

iwvevs RmerTis sidiade da amave dros siaxlove, 

misi mowyaleoba, RvTis rwmenis gamaognebeli dadastureba, 

rac am rwmenas kidev ufro aRrmavebs, daungrevelad 

mtkices xdis. amas gvimxels RmerTis, gansakuTrebiT 

ki RvTismSoblis mimarT aRvlenili himnebi, 

agreTve oda `fsalmunis~ avtorisadmi (`simRera daviT 

guramiSvilisa, tyveobidam gamosvlis dros daviTis 

Sesxma~), romelTa saxeobrivi siuxve siyvarulis da 

bednierebis siuxvis ukufenaa. aRmoCndeba, rom `daviTs 

(fsalmunTmetyvels) rac uTqvams~, marTlac `sworia~ 

_ `sworia~, rom RmerTi adamianis `fari~ da `burjia~, 

`mterTa maxisgan~ damxsnelia; rom RmerTis sidiadis 

grZnobiT aRvseba da misi gamoTqma, sulieri msxverpl- 

Sewirva magiuri Zalis mqonea; rom, rac mTavaria, sinanuli, 

codvis aRiareba da Sewyalebis vedreba, RmerTis 

morCileba da masTan sulieri siaxlovis gamudmebuli 

Zieba xsnis sawindaria, gadamrCenelia... 

tyveobaSi yofna da RmerTis daxmarebiT tyveobidan 

TavdaRweva erT-erTi niSandoblivi bibliuri motivia. 

Tavis xvedrs guramiSvili iazrebs rogorc am bibliuri 

motivis Tanxmiers (`caTa Sina israelTa sazdo uwvimeo, 

egreca naTlis svetiTa Rame avlineo, qveyanasa var 

ucxosa dakarguli tyveo, zeda mTasa avarTasa, aw mameSveleo~). 

bibliaSi tyved yofna RvTis sasjelia, 

15

tyveobidan gaTavisufleba _ RvTis wyaloba, rwmenis 

gamRvivebeli da gamaZlierebeli. 

tyveoba RvTis sasjelia `daviTianSic~. guramiSvilis 

datyvevebis ambavi uSualod mosdevs, agrZelebs 

RmerTis mier qarTvelebis codvebisTvis dasjis ambavs 

_ rogorc saqarTveloSi momxdari ubedurebaa qarTvelebis 

mimarT RvTis risxvis gamovlineba, aseve guramiSvilis 

datyveveba aris sakuTriv misi dasja. `davi- 

TianSi~ warmosaxuli guramiSvilis gansacdelis es sazrisi 

ikveTeba agreTve mis Sinagan mxatvrul mimarTebaSi 

RmerTis mier adamianebis Serisxvis sxva istoria- 

Ta gadmocemasTan (adamis da kaenis gankiTxva, warRvna, 

babilonis godolis daqceva). 

sasjeli, RmerTis mier movlenili tanjva `daviTianSi~ 

kacobriobis, eris da adamianis aRzrdis mkacri, 

magram keTilmyofeli saSualebaa. bavSvis aRzrda, 

`swavla moswavleTa~, romelic guramiSvils dasjis, 

tkivilebis gareSe ar warmoudgenia, kacobriobis da 

adamianis aRzrdis paradigmaa, nimuSia. Tu bavSvis aRzrdaze 

guramiSvili rigoristulad ambobs: `nu genaRvlebis 

swavlaze yrmis wkeplis cemiT kivili~, radgan 

`wkeplis cemiT daSuSxva sjobs saukunod cecxlSi 

bmaTa!~, zogadad adamianze amgvar azrs gamoTqvams: 

`Cvenca gvmarTebs RmerTs dauTmoT, swavlad gvemiT 

rac gvatkina~. 

guramiSvilis tyveobis da tyveobidan Tavdaxsnis 

ambavi aris RvTiuri sasjelis keTilmyoflobis igavuri 

gamosaxuleba, tipologiurad bibliuri iobis an 

ionas ambavTa msgavsi. mas, iseve rogorc mTel `daviTians~, 

avtori didaqtikur mizandasaxulobas aZlevs, 

aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvnelobis mqone TvalsaCino magaliTad 

gaiazrebs. 

magram sasjeli, tanjva SeiZleba unayofoc iyos. 

`qarTlis WirSi~ aRwerili RvTis risxva adamianebs verafers 

Seagonebs, radgan isini tanjvis mizezs _ saku- 

Tar codvilobas ver grZnoben: 

16

`Wmunvidnen, arad SeswevdaT codvis unanlad 

wuxili~. 

TviT guramiSvils tanjva upirvelesad sinanulis 

religiur-zneobriv azrs, gamakeTilSobilebel Zalas 

aziarebs. tanjvaSi, martoobaSi da umweobaSi igi 

grZnobs RmerTis mZlavr, moralurad ganmwmend mizidulobas. 

ukiduresi gansacdelidan gamoaRwevs religiur 

da eTikur WeSmaritebaTa Rrmad Semsisxlxorcebeli 

adamiani, poeti daviT guramiSvili. 

1993 

17

araamayi qarTveli 

guramiSvilis ironia da TviTironia aRmocenebulia 

misi Taviseburi qristianuli skepticizmidan, imis naRvliani 

gancdidan da gacnobierebidan, rom codva TiTqmis 

SeuzRudvelad batonobs adamianze, rom araferi 

eSveleba adamianis biwierebas, sulier sibrmaves da uZlurebas. 

adamiani sasikeTod ver Secvala verc Rmer- 

Tis mier misma mravaljer Serisxvam, dasjam, verc 

RmerTis didma wyalobam, qristes msxverplgaRebam; 

yvelaferi amao gamodga. guramiSvilis TvalTaxedviT, 

adamiani gamousworebeli arsebaa, gamousworeblad 

esaxeba mas sakuTari Tavic. misi xvedria momabezrebeli 

wrebrunva codvidan monaniebamde da monaniebidan 

codvamde da es ironiulad ganawyobs saerTod adamianis 

da kerZod Tavisi ubadrukobis mimarT. 

cnobierad Tu qveSecneulad guramiSvili imgvarad 

aRiqvams sakuTar arsebas da garemomcvel realobas, 

rogoric, misi warmodgeniT, RmerTis TvalSi unda 

Candnen; amitom gamaxvilebulad xedavs Tavisi Tavis da 

qveynierebis komikur simdares, simrudes. gansakuTrebiT 

materialuri, sxulebrivi sawyisis arasrulfasovneba 

aRuZravs ironias, Tumca guramiSvils mainc uyvars 

es iseTive naklulovani nivTieri sinamdvile, rogoric 

TviTon aris. samyaros materialurobis ironiuli 

da amasTanave axlobluri aRqmis ukufenaa gurami- 

Svilis stilisTvis damaxasiaTebeli naturalisturi 

elementebis siuxve, groteskulad daRvlarWnili 

enobrivi faqtura da saxeebi, miwiseburi siTbo da xorklianoba... 

aristokrati guramiSvilis stili xSirad 

glexurad mouxeSavia. 

raki mwvaved grZnobs RmerTis mzeras, romlisTvisac 

araferia dafaruli, guramiSvili bolomde gulaxdili 

da utyuaria, araCveulebrivad ueSmako, ubralo 

da Tavmdabalia. arsebobs TviTdamcirebis, TviTgvemis 

siamaye, magram guramiSvilisTvis aseTi siamayec ucxoa. 

mas ar surs imaze ukeTesad gamoiyurebodes, vidre 

sinamdvileSia; azradac ar mosdis Tavisi faTerakiani 

18

Tavgadasavlebis gamoyeneba vaJkacuri, heroikuli avtoportretis 

dasaxatad, rac sxvas mis adgilas siamovnebiT 

SeiZleboda gaekeTebina. tipiuri tradiciuli 

qarTvelisgan gansxvavebiT guramiSvils ar eTakileba 

gaamxilos sakuTari SiSi, umweoba, sisawyle, gamo- 

Cndes garegan Rirsebas moklebuli da sasaciloc ki. 

2001 

19

nikoloz baraTaSvili 

mTawmindis mTvare 

xSirad Cven ver vamCnevT, rom nacnobi, SeCveuli da 

TiTqos savsebiT gasagebi ram sinamdvileSi ucnauri da 

idumalia, ver vamCnevT, radgan swored SeCveva, aRqmis 

avtomatizmi gviSlis xels. 

ai, magaliTad, baraTaSvilis leqsSi `SemoRameba 

mTawmindaze~ TiTqos sruliad gamWvirvalea am frazis 

azri: `he, cao, cao, xateba Seni jer kidev gulzed maqvs 

daCneuli!~. magram Tu aRqmis avtomatizmis daZlevas 

SevecdebiT, SesaZloa es sityvebi arc ise gamWvirvale 

da ubralo gveCvenos. marTlac, ras niSnavs `cis xateba~, 

an ratom unda daaCndes igi guls? ase mxolod 

iseT rameze SeiZleba saubari, rac erTaderTxel ixiles, 

Semdeg ki gauCinarda da xsovnam Semoinaxa. ranairad 

SeiZleba aseTi ram ca iyos? 

rogorc Cans, garkveul momentSi baraTaSvilis lirikul 

gmirs ca gansakuTrebulad, ganumeoreblad metyveli 

da mimzidveli saxiT warmoudga. `SemoRamebaSi~ 

aris kidec cis es `xateba~: 

`sdumda yoveli mun aremare, bindi gadekra cisa 

kamaras, 

mosdevs mTovares, viTa mijnuri, varskvlavi marto 

misa amara. 

ginaxavT suli jereT umanko, mxurvale locviT 

miqancebuli? 

mas hgavda mTvare nazad moare, diskogadaxriT 

Suqmibinduli!~. 

ase xatavs baraTaSvili cas, es aris cis erTaderTi 

saxe am leqsSi, saxe, romelic lirikuli gmiris suls 

daCnevia. magram poeti Segnebulad aSoriSorebs emociur 

SeZaxils `he, cao, cao...~ da cis xats, pirdapir arafers 

ambobs maTi kavSiris Sesaxeb. 

20

araTaSvili ise xveulad agebs leqss, ise arasworxazovnad 

anawilebs saTqmels, rom nawarmoebis TviT 

wyoba xdeba idumalebis gancdis gamRvivebeli. leqsi 

raRacas gars uvlis da masze Riad ar laparakobs. 

baraTaSvilma TiTqos icis gviandeli poeturi principi, 

rom raimes gamWvirvaled warmoCena misTvis mSvenierebis 

moklebas niSnavs. `SemoRamebaSi~ igi ukve flobs 

aramxolod gamoTqmis, aramed àrTqmis~, faqizi miniSnebis, 

gasaidumloebis da daqaragmebis xelovnebasac. 

am mxrivac baraTaSvilis memkvidre meoce saukuneSi 

`mTawmindis mTvaris~ avtoria. 

am leqsSi, romlis siaxlove `SemoRamebasTan~ aSkaraa, 

galaktioni tyuil-ubralod ar axdens mTvaris 

xatis aqcentirebas. igi grZnobs, rom es aris `SemoRamebis~ 

centraluri saxe. 

sainteresoa, mTvaris da mijnuriviT mTvaris mdevari 

varskvlavis xati ratom Semounaxavs ase saTuTad 

mexsierebas, ratom eniWeba mas aseTi mniSvneloba. 

amis mizezi is aris, rom SemoRamebisas xiluli zeca 

lirikuli gmirisTvis Taviseburi niSansvetia, romelic 

saTaves udebs mis ltolvas idealuri sferoebisken: 

`he, cao, cao, xateba Seni jer kidev gulzed maqvs 

daCneuli. 

awca ra Tvalni laJvards gixilven, myis fiqrni 

Senda moiswrafvian, 

magram Senamdin ver moaRweven da haerSive 

ganibnevian! 

me, Sensa mWvretels, maviwydebis sawuTroeba, 

gulis-Tqma Cemi Sens iqiTa eZiebs sadgurs, 

zenaarT samyofs, rom daSTos aq amaoeba... 

magram ver scnoben, glax, mokvdavni gangebas 

ciurs!~. 

SemoRamebiseuli cis xateba aris zecis rogorc sulieri 

samSoblos karibWis pirveli xilva. es xilva 

baraTaSvilis `cisferi yvavilia~, romelic mas mudam 

Tavisken uxmobs da izidavs. 

21

faqizi, spetaki sulis msgavsi mTvare _ ai, ra ajadoebs 

leqsis lirikul gmirs, radgan baraTaSvilis- 

Tvis umaRlesi faseuloba mSvenieri sulia, anu naTeli, 

umanko suli (`daimarxe mSveniereba sulisa, umankoeba 

gulisa! ai, WeSmariti bedniereba, umaRlesi siame, romelsac 

ki kaci waiRebs am soflisagan~ _ urCevs poeti 

maiko orbelians). WeSmariti, `saukuno trfialebis~ 

saganic aseTi sulia: `TviT ukvdaveba mSveniersa sulSi 

mdgomarebs, mas verc SemTxveva da verc xani ver daaberebs. 

mxolod kavSiri esreTT sulTa hSobs siyvarulsa, 

zegardmo madliT dauxsnelad damtkicebulsa!~. 

baraTaSvilis lirikuli gmiri caze mSvenier suls 

xedavs, romelTanac monaTesave sulis kavSiri badebs 

samaradiso siyvaruls. 

sagulisxmoa, rom `SemoRamebis~ adrindel variant- 

Si mTvare qalwulTan aris mimsgavsebuli: `... misi 

libri ars minazebuli, magram miT ufro usatrfoe ars, 

viT damaSvrali locviT qalwuli~. 

metyvelia es detalic: `mosdevs mTovares, viTa 

mijnuri, varskvlavi, marto misa amara~ _ baraTaSvilis 

poeziaSi idealuri siyvaruli srul ganxorcielebas 

samyaros maradiul fenomenebSi povebs da kosmiur 

asparezs saWiroebs. asea gaazrebuli siyvaruli, ker- 

Zod, leqsSi àr ukiJino, satrfoo...~. `SemoRamebaSi~ es 

motivi SekumSulad, miniaturulad aris gamoxatuli. 

baraTaSvilisTvis saerTod damaxasiaTebelia sayvareli 

arsebis ciur mnaTobad warmosaxva (`Cems varskvlavs~, 

àRmoxda mnaTi...~). misi saxeba, akaki gawerelias 

sityviT, ìseve ikavebs adgils varskvlavebis xomlSi, 

rogorc dantes beatriCe an petrarkas laura, romelic 

angelozebs Soris imyofeba da cidan mouxmobs Tavis 

mijnurs~. 

`SemoRamebaSi~ ca lirikuli gmiris monaTesave, sayvareli 

sulis samyofelia da amitom xdeba igi mZafri 

swrafvis obieqti. caze aRbeWdili mSvenieri sulis 

xats baraTaSvilis lirikuli gmiri ciur sferoebTan 

Tavisi sulieri naTesaobis saswaulebriv niSnad 

aRiqvams. 

22

* * * 

`SemoRamebaSi~ poetur subieqts da garemomcvel 

sinamdviles Soris sruli Tanaziaroba da harmonia sufevs 

_ buneba TiTqos mgrZnobiare musikaluri sakravia, 

romelic adamianis sulis yovel SeTrTolebaze 

sapasuxo xmas gamoscems. aq pirovneba ise myudrod, 

Sinaurulad grZnobs Tavs bunebaSi, TiTqos es buneba 

misive Seqmnili iyos. 

buneba mSobliuri garemoa vaJasTvisac, magram mainc 

mis mxatvrul samyaroSi mkafiod aris gavlebuli 

adamianis da bunebis gamyofi mijna. buneba vaJasTan 

warmodgeba rogorc TavisTavadi, obieqturi sinamdvile, 

romelic sakuTari kanonebiT cxovrobs. vaJas 

lirikuli gmiris ganwyoba metwilad misgan aris 

Cagonebuli. 

baraTaSvilTan buneba TiTqos lirikuli gmiris Sinagani 

samyarodan amoizideba missave saxed da xatad da 

arsebiTad misi oreulia. 

da baraTaSvili lirikuli gmiris sulieri samyaros 

aseTive proeqciad gvevlineba `SemoRamebaSi~ zecac, 

radgan es gmiri TavisTavs aRmoaCens aramarto buneba- 

Si, aramed kosmosSic. marTalia, `zenaarT samyofi~ miuwvdomeli 

rCeba, magram gamJRavndeba, rom adamiani 

Tavisi sulierebiT masTan organulad aris dakavSirebuli. 

mTawmindis saRamo lirikul gmirs gaucxadebs, 

rom misi suli enaTesaveba rogorc bunebas, aseve usasrulo 

suls da swored amiT aris es saRamo 

araCveulebrivi. 

rogorc qristianul taZars gumbaTi, bunebis da 

adamianis srul Tanxmobas `SemoRamebaSi~ agvirgvinebs 

cis TaRi, romelzec lirikuli gmirisTvis Zvirfasi, 

axlobeli sulis xatebaa aRbeWdili. harmonia bunebas- 

Tan warmoadgens imis sayrdens, rom adamiani ufro 

maRal harmonias eziaros _ harmonias zecasTan. 

poeturi subieqtis mier uSualod nagrZnobi da danaxuli 

Tavisi naTesaoba casTan asazrdoebs did, 

yovlismomcvel imeds: 

23

`hoi, saRamov, myudrov, saamov, Sen damSTi Cemad 

sanugeSeblad! 

ros mWmunvareba Semomesevis, Senda moviltvi 

gansaqarveblad! 

mwuxri gulisa, sevda gulisa nugeSsa amas Sengan 

miiRebs, 

rom gaTendeba dila mziani da yovel bindsa is 

gananaTlebs!~. 

rom ara cidan miRebuli niSani, mixmoba `zenaarT 

samyofisken~, rom ara Taviseburi gamocxadeba, mxolod 

bunebis da adamianis sulis Tanxmiereba ver dabadebda 

ase farTod ganfenil rwmenas da imeds. buneba lirikuli 

gmiris TanamgrZnobelia, vTqvaT, leqsSic `fiqrni 

mtkvris piras~, magram es leqsi Tavisi skeptikurmelanqoliuri 

ganwyobiT SesamCnevad gansxvavdeba 

`SemoRamebisgan~... 

* * * 

`SemoRamebaSi~ TviT bunebac, lirikuli gmiris 

msgavsad, TiTqos maRla izideba, zeviT iswrafis. igi 

TiTqos rituals, RvTismsaxurebas asrulebs, wminda 

msxverpls wiravs. nawarmoebis kamertonia, rogorc 

simon Ciqovani uwodebs, `liturgikuli~ saxe: 

`Zirs gaSlil lamaz velsa yvavilni mohfenen, viTa 

tablas wmindasa, 

da viT gundruksa samadlobelsa, Senda aRkmeven 

sunnelebasa!~. 

es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac, romantikuli tipis amerikeli 

moazrovnis ralf emersonis sityvebiT rom 

vTqvaT, `bunebis Rirseuli amocana xdeba, mogvevlinos 

RvTaebis niSnad. buneba aris organo, romlis meSveobiTac 

sayovelTao suli adamianTan saubrobs da adamianis 

TavisTan dabrunebas cdilobs~. 

24

literaturis istorikosebi aRniSnaven baraTaSvilis 

siaxloves qristianul kulturasTan; Seswavlilia 

baraTaSvilis poeziis kavSirebi bibliasTan, himnografiasTan; 

dadgenilia misi garkveuli motivebis, saxeebis 

Tu sityvieri formulebis momdinareoba sasuliero 

literaturidan. 

aSkaraa, magaliTad, rom Cveulebriv poetur metaforas 

ar warmoadgens aseTi saxe: `cxovrebis wyarov, 

masv wmindaTa wyalTagan SenTa~, rom aq baraTaSvili 

metyvelebs garkveuli kulturis sakralur cnebaTa da 

simboloTa enaze. 

igive unda iTqvas yvavilovani velis `SemoRamebiseul~ 

xilvazec. ai, rogor iyo gacxadebuli es saxe leqsis 

pirvel variantSi: 

`Zirs gaSlils almad velsa yvavilni mohfenen 

reca tablas wmindasa 

da gundruks RmerTTan samadlobelsa Senda 

aRkmeven sunnelebasa~. 

naTeli xdeba, vis eZRvneba yvavilTa `samadlobeli~ 

da amis garda uneblieT vfiqrobT, rom RvTisadmi gankuTvnil 

gundruks tyuilad ar aRukmeven mTawmindas. 

Semdeg baraTaSvili miniSnebaTa xelovnebas eufleba 

da imas, visac wminda msxverpls wiraven, saxeldebiT 

aRar axsenebs, magram arsi ucvleli rCeba. 

davakvirdeT leqsis dasawyiss: `hoi, mTawmindav, 

mTao wmindav~. `mTwminda~ ubralo toponimad aRiqmeba, 

pirveladi azri masSi dayruebulia. amitom baraTaSvili 

Slis sityvas da mis Zireul mniSvnelobas aRadgens 

_ `mTao wmindav~, mkafios xdis, rom mTawminda marTlac 

wminda, sakraluri adgilia da ara Cveulebrivi mTa. 

es aris tipiuri romantikuli SemoqmedebiTi aqti. 

ìmis wyalobiT, rom me vaniWeb umdabless umaRles 

azrs, Cveulebrivs _ saidumlo elfers, nacnobs ucnobis 

Rirsebas, sasruls _ usasrulos iers, me vaxorcieleb 

yovelive amis romantizebas~ (novalisi). 

25

samyaros miTosur Tu religiur modelebSi mTa 

RvTis (RvTaebaTa) samyofelia, an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, 

miwis da cis Sesayaria, sadac zebunebrivi Zalebi ufro 

cxovlad moqmedeben, vidre sxvagan; mTaze asvla Sinagan 

ganwmendad, amaRlebad, RvTaebrivTan miaxloebad 

da ziarebad aris warmodgenili. 

wminda mTa xSirad ixsenieba fsalmunSi: ùfalo, vin 

daeSenos karavsa Sensa, anu vin daemkvidros mTasa wmindasa 

Sensa~; `gamoavline naTeli Seni da WeSmaritebai 

Seni, eseni mimiZRues da mimiyvanes me mTasa wmidasa 

Sensa da sayofelTa SenTa~... 

literaturismcodneobaSi garkveulia, rom baraTa- 

Svilis poeturi metyvelebis da azrovnebis erT-erTi 

saTave aris fsalmuni. wminda mTis motivic mas fsalmunidan 

unda hqondes SeTvisebuli. 

`mTao cxovelo~ _ saRvTo epiTetiT mimarTavs 

baraTaSvili mTawmindas. 

da am `cxovel~, wminda mTaze, sakralur garemoSi 

`SemoRamebis~ lirikulma gmirma uCveulo ram ganicada 

_ igrZno Tavisi naTesaoba zecasTan da aReZra `zenaarT 

samyofTan~ SeerTebis mZafri survili, radgan 

miiRo gamocxadeba sulieri samSoblodan, ixila usasrulo 

sulierebasTan sakuTari Sinagani erTianobis 

damadasturebeli xateba. 

magram amasTanave aucilebelia iTqvas isic, rom 

Tumca baraTaSvilisTvis amosavali bibliuri arqetipia, 

mainc poeti SeuzRudvelia masTan damokidebulebaSi. 

fsalmuniseuli motivi baraTaSvilis mkveTrad 

individualisturi, subieqtivisturi msoflxedvis 

areSi xvdeba, misdami daqvemdebarebul elementad iqceva 

da misive gamJRavnebis formad gvevlineba. mTis 

siwminde, baraTaSvilis gaazrebiT, is aris, rom aq yofnisas 

romantikul martosuls zecazec Tavisi msgavsebis 

aRmoCena SeuZlia. 

baraTaSvili individualisti da subieqtivistia religiur 

ZiebaSic. am sferoSic misTvis WeSmaritebis 

erTaderTi macne individualuri sulieri gamocdilebaa, 

sakuTari fiqri, grZnoba, ltolva da warmosaxvaa. 

26

`SemoRamebiseuli~ gamocxadebis Sinaarsic mTlianad 

subieqturia _ es aris romantikuli individuumis monaTesave 

suli, romelic cazea gamosaxuli. 

* * * 

`SemoRameba mTawmindaze~ adamianis da samyaros, 

kosmosis harmoniis srulyofili gamoxatulebaa qar- 

Tul lirikaSi. `Всё во мне и я во всём~ _ tiutCevis es 

poeturi formula zedmiwevniT esadageba baraTaSvilis 

leqss. adamianis guli aq TiTqos mTel samyaros 

itevs, is da samyaro erTmaneTis ritmiT moZraoben. 

`SemoRameba mTawmindaze~ _ harmoniis srulfasovani 

mxatvruli gacxadeba _ baraTaSvilis poeziis erTi 

polusia. mis meore poluss warmoadgens `merani~ _ 

tragikuli msoflgancdis umZafresi gamovlineba Cvens 

lirikaSi. maT TiTqos ufskruli TiSavT. 

amave dros baraTaSvilis sulieri da poeturi evoluciis 

es niSansvetebi siRrmiseul urTierTkavSirs 

da erTianobasac amJRavneben. 

`meranSi~ TiTqos ganxorcielebulia miwisgan mowyvetis, 

àmaoebis daSTomis~ wadili, romelsac `SemoRamebis~ 

lirikul gmirs zeempiriuli samyarosken mimxmobi 

ciuri niSani aRuZravs. 

`SemoRamebaSi~ adamianur SesaZleblobaTa SezRuduloba 

aferxebs miRmuri samyarosken swrafvas (`magram 

ver scnoben, glax, mokvdavni gangebas ciurs~), 

oRond dramatizms gaRvivebis saSualebas ar aZlevs 

adamianis da cis uSualod ganWvretili naTesaobis 

grZnoba, `SemoRamebis~ paTosis ZiriTadi msazRvreli. 

`merani~ srulyofili Tavisuflebisken adamianis 

miswrafebis damabrkolebel zRudeTa gadalaxvis ukve 

aqtiuri cdaa da am mcdelobis tragizmi isic aris, rom 

`meranis~ mxedris ùgzo-ukvlo~, `giJur ltolvas~ 

aRar aqvs garkveuli orientiri, mkafio mizani: misi 

mSfoTvareba veRar dacxreba im `sadgurSi~, TavSesafrad 

rom esaxeba `SemoRamebis~ lirikul gmirs. 

1983 

27

sabediswero Zala 

`bedi qarTlisas~ kritikul interpretaciebs Soris 

siRrmiT gamoirCeva Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac 

poema agebulia Tavisuflebis da aucileblobis konfliqtze 

da am konfliqtSi, saboloo angariSiT, imarjvebs 

istoriuli bediswera. 

mTlianobaSi savsebiT damajerebeli es Tvalsazrisi 

mxolod Tavisi erTi aspeqtiT iwvevs eWvs: istoriuli 

aucilebloba warmodgenilia rogorc ganyenebuli, 

anonimuri Zala, romelic adamianebisgan sruliad 

damoukidebelia. 

`bedi qarTlisas~ mxatvrul realobaSi gardauvaloba 

marTlac moqmedebs, oRond igi ase abstraqtuli 

da usaxo ar aris. am gardauvalobis namdvili Sinaarsi 

da xasiaTi didi xnis win aqvs SeniSnuli kita abaSiZes. 

`saqarTvelosTvis, romlis sazogadoeba dacemuli 

iyo suliTa da zneobiT, TviTarseboba SeuZlebeli iyo. 

mefe grZnobda, rom aRar SeeZlo iseT erzed damyarebuliyo, 

romelsac SeamCnia muxTloba, roca SeamCnia 

`moymeTa TvisTa esden damcroba~, rom TiTqmis mogebuli 

omi waagebines muxanaTobiT da iudasaviT gahyides 

samSoblo. maSin gadawyvita, rom `mas aRar iTvisebs 

qarTvelTa guli, romelTa mefe euli~ igi iyo; xedavda, 

rom Rirseuli da mamulisaTvis gamosadegari memkvidre 

ar hyavda da, garda amisa, TviTon mis Svilebs Soris 

iseTi ayal-mayali da areuloba iyo, rom saqmes ver 

gauZRvebodnen. yvela amas xedavda mefe da gadawyvita 

bedi qarTlisa...~. 

es azri Semdeg rogorRac miiCqmala Cvens literaturismcodneobaSi, 

albaT, imitom, rom igi erovnuli 

TavmoyvareobisTvis maincdamainc sasiamovno ar aris. 

ufro iolia istoriis brma msvlelobis, istoriis usulo 

kanonebis ucodveli msxverpli iyo, vidre TviTon 

agebde pasuxs sakuTar bed-iRbalze. 

baraTaSvilis poemis koncefciaSi ki fataluri 

roli eris sulier-zneobrivi raobis garkveul mxareebs 

ekisreba da ara ganyenebul istoriul aucileblo- 

28

as an Tundac konkretul politikur pirobebs, romlebic 

poemaSi mxolod gakvriTaa moxazuli. 

baraTaSvilis poeturi TvalTxedviT, saqarTvelos 

mier damoukideblobis dakargva, TavisTavad, iseve ar 

aris gardauvali, rogorc ar aris gardauvali krwanisis 

brZolaSi qarTvelebis damarcxeba. am brZolaSi 

qarTvelebs mxedruli Tavdadebis da mefis gamWriaxobis 

wyalobiT gamarjvebis SesaZlebloba aqvT, metic, 

gamarjveba TiTqmis mopovebulia, magram Tavs iCens 

Ralati da marcxi gardauvali xdeba. 

àRa-mahmad-xan moadga cixes, sami dRe da Ram mas 

adga jariT, magram verara avno versaiT; daRonda 

sparsTa mefe borgvnili da Turme yovliT imedmixdili 

qarTliTgan wasvlas daapirebda; magram iuda Jams 

eZiebda! aha, man igi aw moixelTa da muxTalisa angarTa 

xelTa ahyares mamuls simtkicis bWeni! man mters umsxverpla 

Tvisi moZmeni!~. 

bedisweras aq savsebiT miwieri saxe aqvs, am saxiT 

ecxadeba erekles da mefe iZulebulia aRiaros Tavisi 

damarcxeba mis winaSe. 

àr miTvisebda qarTvelTa guli, rom viyav maTi 

mefe euli; Cemi mefoba ze davasrule, rom Zlivs igini 

gavierTgule! da axla, odes Cems xelmwifobas ganvumzadebdi 

Jam-keTilobas, ai, mis nacvlad rai momapyres 

me CemTa ZeTa da vin axares!..~. 

erekle mtkivneulad icnobierebs, rom krwanisis 

brZola mas waagebina marcxma mTavar brZolaSi _ xangrZliv, 

daZabul brZolaSi eris sulieri gamTlianebis- 

Tvis. igi aRmoaCens, rom qarTvelebis TavkerZoba dauZlevelia 

da misi aRkveTis yvela cda amaoa, ris gamoc 

SeuZlebeli xdeba qveynis Tavisuflebis SenarCuneba 

Tundac ubedurebis da tanjvis fasad. leoniZis replikas 

_ ìraklim icis, rome qarTvelebs arad miaCniT 

ubedureba, Tu aqvT Tvis WerT qveS Tavisufleba!~ _ 

erekle pasuxobs: `qarTvelTa ra hyon am ubedobis da 

darRvevis dros?~. `darRvevis~ Seukavebeli, sabediswero 

procesi, roca qarTvelebi ùrTierTs hbZarven~, 

xolo mefes `Rirseuli~, saimedo memkvidre ara hyavs, 

29

uxSobs qveyanas TviTmyofadi arsebobis perspeqtivas. 

igi gansazRvravs imis gardauvalobas, `rom dRes iqneba, 

Tu xval iqneba, qarTlsa daicavs rusT xelmwifeba!~. 

erekles azrs, rom saqarTvelo gardauvalad Seuer- 

Tdeba ruseTs, aRmoacenebs is, rac man krwanisis brZolisas 

momxdar RalatSi ganWvrita _ Tavisi qveSevrdomebis 

mankier midrekilebaTa uvnebelyofis fataluri 

SeuZlebloba. 

baraTaSvili erekles warmosaxavs rogorc bediswerasTan 

brZolis unayofobiT, `moymeTa TvisTa esden 

damcrobiT~ Rrmad imedgacruebul, iluziebdamsxvreul 

romantikul gmirs. sxvaTaSoris, aseve mwared aris 

imedgacruebuli holderlinis romantikuli gmiri hiperioni, 

roca TiTqosda TavisuflebisTvis mebrZoli 

berZnebi sulmdabali mZarcvelebi gamodgebian. 

magram erekles yofnis Zala, uyvardes da ebralebodes 

Tavisi xalxi, zrunavdes masze, TviTonve ikisros 

imis aRsruleba, rac gardauvali gamxdara, raTa 

qarTvelebs aaridos ukve uazro msxverpli (`hoi, Rmer- 

To, RmerTo, amazed metad nuRar gaswirav qarTvelTa 

tanjvad~). 

qarTlis beds wyvets qarTuli sazogadoebis aRmoufxvreli 

partikularizmi. erekle mxolod adasturebs 

ganaCens, radgan garkveviT dainaxavs, rom SeuZlebelia 

am sabediswero Zalis daokeba. Tanac, misi azriT, 

ruseTTan SeerTeba, riskenac qveyanas es Zala gardauvalad 

eweva, mainc ar aris sruli katastrofa, mSvidobas 

da qristianuli sarwmunoebis usafrTxoebas 

uzrunvelyofs. 

leoniZe Tumca sworad grZnobs, rom mefes gadawyvetileba 

omis dros momxdarma Ralatma ukarnaxa, magram 

mas yvelaferi monarqis emociebze dayavs da ver 

wvdeba sabediswero kanonzomierebas, romelic ereklem 

Ralatis faqtSi amoicno. 

`veWvob, sofio, rome irakli qarTvelebzeda iyos 

gulnakli; mas zed etyoba, rom misi suli Zlierad aris 

aRelvebuli! mwared upirebs batoni dasjas Tavis Svilebis 

ama urCebas!~. 

30

magram cxadia, rom erekles amoZravebs ara ubralod 

bunebrivi aRSfoTeba Ralatis gamo, aramed azri 

qarTuli TavkerZobis fatalurobis Sesaxeb, romelic 

Ralatma gamoaaSkarava. 

amas adasturebs poemis finalic. erekle agrZelebs 

brZolas saqarTvelos agresiul mezoblebTan da warmatebasac 

aRwevs, magram misi azri mainc ucvleli 

rCeba. 

`warvidnen welni mosvenebisa da kvlav iraklim xmali 

brZolisa aRiRo lekTa Sesamusvrelad! arc sparsni 

darCnen daumarcxeblad; siberis Jamsa moica Zali da 

SeaZrwuna kvalad osmali; kvlav asaxela Tavis saxeli, 

magram amao iyo yoveli: didi xania, rom bedi qarTlis 

gardaiwyvita gulman iraklis!~. 

erekle axerxebs gaauvneblos saSiSroeba, romelsac 

qveyanas krwanisis damarcxeba uqmnis. am saSiSroebas mefe 

naTlad iTvaliswinebs da roca Tavisi gadawyvetilebis 

motivebs ayalibebs, maszec miuTiTebs: 

àmieriTgan gaqezebuli mahmad-xanisa mosisxle guli 

ar dagvawynarebs siamayiTa: mas Jami Seswevs yovlis 

RoniTa; es xma lekTaca agviyayanebs; osmali mxolod 

drosa uyurebs...~. 

rogorc vxedavT, poemis finalSi swored es safrTxea 

neitralizebuli. magram amis miuxedavad mefis azri 

saqarTvelos bedis Sesaxeb ar icvleba, radgan igi sabolood 

darwmunda, rom unayofoa brZola qarTvelebis 

`gasaerTguleblad~ da amitom qveyana gardauvalad 

gamoeTxoveba Tavisuflebas. 

Tavisuflebis umaRlesi idealis ganwirulebas baraTaSvili 

Sekavebuli tragikuli grZnobiT gamoxatavs. 

* * * 

baraTaSvilis poeziis mkvlevarebs garkveuli aqvT, 

ra didi zegavlena moaxdina poetis sulier da SemoqmedebiT 

formirebaze 1832 wlis SeTqmulebam. 

am istoriuli movlenis anabeWdebi upirveles yovlisa 

`bedi qarTlisaSi~ moCans. aq erTgan miniSnebuli 

31

unda iyos TviT SeTqmulebis faqti (`maSin visaRa moesurveba, 

naxos qarTlisa kvlav amboxeba!~); SeTqmulebis 

ideologiis gamoZaxilia mefis SeuzRudveli xelisuflebis 

leoniZiseuli kritika. 

SeimCneva poemis ufro Rrma kavSiric 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis 

faqtTan. 

qarTlis bedi gadawyda da ruseTTan kavSiris gardauvaloba 

gamJRavnda baraTaSvilis Tvalwin, roca 

gamcemlobam CaSala 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba. 

`bedi qarTlisaSi~ krwanisis brZolisas momxdari 

Ralati imitom aris erovnuli Tavisuflebis SeuZleblobis 

ueWveli niSani, rom masSi baraTaSvili 1832 wlis 

gamcemlobis proecirebas axdens. 1832 wlis da krwanisis 

ambebis logikis Tanxvedra poetis cnobierebaSi 

badebs azrs fataluri Zalis Sesaxeb, romelic saqarTvelos 

damoukidebeli arsebobis unars ukargavs. 

es Tvalsazrisi Sorsaa providencializmisgan, igi 

ar cnobs RvTiur gangebas Tu sasjels, romelsac arsebiTi 

mniSvneloba eniWeba guramiSvilis istoriul panoramaSi. 

baraTaSvilisTvis organuli istoriis romantikuli 

xedva ar cnobs arc obieqturi garemoebebis 

tiranias _ adamianebs SeuZliaT yvelaferi, Tuki Zleven 

sakuTar Tavs, sakuTar bunebas. magram es buneba, 

romlis Zlevac ar xerxdeba, maT bediswerad evlinebaT. 

Tumca `bedi qarTlisaSi~ warmoCenilia qarTvelebis 

Tavdadebuli siyvarulic mefisadmi, qveynisadmi, 

mainc gadamwyvet momentSi boroteba mZlavrobs, rac 

sabediswero kanonzomierebad aRiqmeba. 

`Cvenma uxeirobam dagvRupa! vai, Cveno qarTlis 

bedo!~ _ megobrisTvis, konstantine mamacaSvilisTvis 

naTqvam baraTaSvilis am sityvebSi `bedi qarTlisas~ 

sazrisia gamxelili. 

axal droSi baraTaSvilma pirvelma aqcia kritikuli 

fiqris sagnad erovnuli xasiaTis naklovani mxareebi. 

erT werilSi igi gulistkiviliT mianiSnebs im 

`sneulebaze~, `romlisa gamoc qarTveli Tavisians ar 

gamoadgeba~; sxvagan mwared kiTxulobs: `gana qarTvelebSi 

aris megobruli da naTesavebrivi grZnoba?~. 

32

aseTi kritikuli TvalTaxedva Semdeg sistemuri 

saxiT da Semtevi paTosiT gamovlinda ilia WavWavaZis 

da misi Tanamoazreebis SemoqmedebaSi. Tavisi Tavisadmi 

mkacri, uSeRavaTo damokidebuleba eris, iseve rogorc 

pirovnebis, kulturis niSania, mis goniT simwifes mowmobs. 

amitom bunebrivia, rom moazrovne qarTveli patriotebi 

mzeras Tavisi xalxis xasiaTis im Tvisebebisken 

mimarTaven, cnobil obieqtur faqtorebTan erTad 

misi bediswera rom gansazRvres; bediswera, romelTan 

Seurigeblobac baraTaSvilis `meranSi~ uyoymanod da 

samudamod aris arCeuli. 

1988 

33

Tavisuflebisken moZraoba 

usasrulobasTan, maradiulobasTan ziarebisken 

ltolva _ romantikuli msoflgancdis organuli 

Tviseba _ baraTaSvilis poeziis erT-erTi arsebiTi 

aspeqtia. am ltolvaSi mJRavndeba raRac iseTis aRmo- 

Cenis da masTan SekavSirebis Rrma adamianuri moTxovnileba, 

rac warmavalobaze da amaoebaze Zlieria, rasac 

sikvdili ver anadgurebs. es yvelaze TvalsaCinoa bara- 

TaSvilis or leqsSi _ àr ukiJino, satrfoo~ da 

`merani~. 

àr ukiJino~ romantikuli ocneba, fantazirebaa 

usasrulobasTan Serwymaze. usasrulobasTan, maradisobasTan 

SeerTebis nebis ZaliT lirikuli gmiri da is, 

vinc mas uyvars, gvevlinebian iseT fenomenebad, romlebic 

mudmivad myofoben samyaroSi _ mzed, namad. 

isini mTliandebian da dausruleblad badeben sikeTes. 

`rom mxolod mzisa ciagi mas dilis namsa iSrobdes da 

erTad Sesxivebulni Svebas mohfendnen sicocxles, 

ares avsebdnen siamiT mcenareT ganmacxoveblad, iyvnen 

maradis, uxsnelad, soflisa gansaTaveblad~. sikvdilis 

Zleva da usasrulobasTan ziareba miiRweva samyaroSi 

maradiulad mimdinare pozitiur procesSi _ 

sicocxlis aRmocenebis da zrdis procesSi warmosaxviTi 

TanamonawileobiT. 

àr ukiJinosgan~ gansxvavebiT `meranSi~ usasrulobasTan 

ziarebis cda yofierebis tragikul, anu ufro 

Rrma da WeSmarit ganzomilebaSi xorcieldeba. miswrafebas 

usasrulobisken, `bedis samZRvris~ gadalaxvisken 

aRkveTs sikvdili _ bedisweris mTavari iaraRi. 

Tanac es aris romantikulad maqsimalizebuli sikvdili, 

`satrfos cremlis~, `naTesavT glovis~, samSoblo- 

Si `winaparT saflavebs Soris~ damarxvis gareSe, imis 

gareSe, rac adamians sikvdilis Semdeg raRac kavSirs 

unarCunebs Tavis sociokulturul garemosTan. meranis 

mxedars wilad xvdeba ara Cveulebrivi, `ganelebuli~ 

sikvdili, aramed daRupva srul martoobaSi, ucxo 

da ukacriel sivrceSi, sadac mis gmirul msxverplga- 

34

Rebas mowme, TanamgrZnobeli da damfasebeli ar hyavs, 

sadac ukvalod qreba amqveynidan. sikvdili movlenilia 

Tavisi maararavebeli Zalis mTeli sisruliT, raTa 

ufro meti mniSvneloba mieces mis Zlevas. 

ra SeaZlebinebs meranis mxedars daTanxmdes amgvar 

`srul~ sikvdils? is, rom igi sinamdvileSi ki ar qreba 

adamianTa samyarodan, aramed piriqiT, samaradisod 

mkvidrdeba masSi, ramdenadac bediswerisadmi daumor- 

CileblobiT gakvalul gzas uxsnis sxvaTa Tavisuflebas 

da uerTdeba imas, rac usasrulod grZeldeba 

amqveynad _ Tavisuflebisken moZraobas. metic, Tavisi 

qmedebiT is obieqturad xdeba Tavisuflebis saboloo, 

samudamo aRzevebis Tanamonawile, Tu vigulisxmebT, 

rom misi `moZme~ momavalSi aramarto Seupovrad ebrZvis, 

aramed amarcxebs kidec bedisweras. TviTSewirvis 

wyalobiT `meranis~ gmiri usasrulo momavalSi fuZndeba, 

usxlteba warmavalobas. mis Tavgametebas sruliad 

araritorikul, aradeklaraciul iers, Rrma simarTles 

da damajereblobas sZens is, rom msxverplgaRebis 

sanacvlod igi SeukavSirdeba imas, rac sikvdilis 

mier zRvardaudebia _ samyaroSi Tavisuflebis 

gavrcobis adamianuri cdis ganuwyvetlobas. 

2001 

35

ilia WavWavaZe 

gaxedva iliasken 

Cveni sazogadoebis damokidebuleba ilias mimarT 

sakultoa, ritualuria _ es damokidebuleba sabWoTa 

periodSi Camoyalibda da ritualebis moyvare qarTuli 

cnobierebis anabeWdTan erTad sabWour damRasac 

atarebs. ilia vaqcieT usicocxlo fetiSad, romelsac 

farisevlur himnebs aRvuvlenT da am himnebSi Warbadaa 

provinciuli paTosiT gaJRenTili epiTetebi: `didi~, 

`bumberazi~, `brZeni~... ilias gamonaTqvamebs artistuli 

mowiwebiT vimowmebT rogorc dogmatebs. ar vake- 

TebT mxolod imas, rac aucilebelia _ ar vcdilobT 

seriozulad vifiqroT masTan erTad. es gasagebic aris 

_ igi gvWirdeba mxolod rogorc Cveni `simagris~ 

damadasturebeli, TvalismomWrelad mbrwyinavi kerpi. 

TviTon ilia ki Cveni `simagris~ dadasturebas Cvens 

sisusteTa Sesaxeb gansjas amjobinebda. arc iliamde da 

arc mis Semdeg saqarTveloSi ar yofila moazrovne, 

romelsac ase gamudmebiT, aseTi tkiviliT efiqros 

qarTuli xasiaTis Tu mentalobis naklovanebebze. misi 

siyvaruli saqarTvelosadmi iyo Zalian vnebiani da amave 

dros `civi~, obieqturi da uSeRavaTo _ namdvili 

siyvaruli Tavisi arsiT momTxovni da mkacria, radgan 

surs, rom is, viskenac aris mimarTuli, realurad iyos 

siyvarulis Rirsi, im faseulobaTa realurad xorc- 

Semsxmeli, romlebic siyvaruls imsaxurebs. 

ilia yvelaze tragikuli bedis pirovnebaa qarTul 

istoriaSi da kulturaSi _ ara imdenad misi sazareli 

aRsasrulis gamo, ramdenadac imitom, rom mis TvalTaxedvas 

da mizanswrafvas ar iziarebda da ar iziarebs 

misi xalxi. ilias mkvleloba kvlav grZeldeba, ilias yoveldRe 

klavs saqarTvelos ugunureba, uzneoba, uniaToba... 

axalgazrda ilias Tavidan radikaluri Tvalsazrisi 

hqonda rogorc socialur, aseve erovnul problemaze. 

magram male, axalgazrdobaSive, ilias Wabukur da 

36

sakmaod zedapirul radikalizms sinamdvilis seriozul 

analizze dafuZnebuli pozicia cvlis, misi revoluciuri 

sificxe da mouTmenloba qreba. 

rogorc Cans, ilias msoflmxedvelobis aseT Secvlas 

biZgi da mimarTuleba misca ruseTis imperiaSi ganxorcielebulma 

reformam, batonymobis gauqmebam, samoqalaqo 

sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis dawyebam. am reformis 

CatarebaSi ilia uSualod monawileobda kidec, 

roca saqarTvelos erT-erT mxareSi momrigebel mosamarTled 

muSaobda. 

rodesac pirovnebis da sazogadoebis Semoqmedebi- 

Ti Zalebis SemboWveli batonymuri sistema dairRva, 

iliam dainaxa, rom SesaZlebelia SedarebiT gazrdili 

Tavisuflebis gamoyeneba da qveynis TandaTanobiT gajansaReba 

da gaZliereba, anu damoukideblobisTvis 

qveynis bunebrivi momwifeba. socialuri, ekonomikuri 

da kulturuli progresi qveynis Tavisuflebis aucilebeli 

wanamZRvaria _ aseTi pozicia amoicnoba ilias 

mxatvrul da publicistur SemoqmedebaSi. 

progresis ganmaxorcielebelia organizebuli Sroma 

da fxizeli, naTeli gonebis aqtivoba _ faseulobebi 

da fenomenebi, romelTac ilia dauRalavad, jiutad 

amkvidrebs. aseve dauRalavad da jiutad ebrZvis igi 

imas, rac Sromis da gonierebis rogorc arsebobis 

mTavari principebis damkvidrebas win eRobeba _ gviandel 

feodalur cnobierebas da cxovrebis wess: gonebis 

da sxeulis sizarmaces, TavkerZobas da sazogadoebrivi 

interesebisadmi gulgrilobas, araracionalurobas, 

miTebis, iluziebis tyveobas, uniadago ampartavnobas 

da Tavmomwoneobas... amis satiruli gamomzeurebaa 

TaTqariZeTa saxeebi. xolo is, ramac qveyana 

am feodaluri balastisgan unda gaaTavisuflos _ 

axleburi Sromis kultura da fxizeli goniereba, Zlieri 

da mizanswrafuli nebisyofa, socialuri aqtiuroba 

_ òTaraanT qvrivis~ mTavar gmirebSi gansaxierda. 

axleburi Sroma da racionaluri, ganaTlebuli 

cnobiereba, ilias TvalsazrisiT, araTu qveynis ganvi- 

Tarebis da gaTavisuflebis pirobaa, aramed gadarCenis 

37

pirobac aris, radgan Tu feodalizmis rRveva da kapitalizmze 

gadasvla, erTi mxriv, meti Tavisuflebis da 

SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebis momniWebelia, meore 

mxriv, es qveynisTvis axali istoriuli gamowvevaa, axal 

brZolaSi misi Cabmis momaswavebelia. igi misgan Zalebis 

srul mokrebas da adrindelze ufro rTul, Znel aqtivobas 

moiTxovs. kapitalizmi aramxolod individebis, 

aramed erebis da qveynebis konkurenciacaa, sicocxlis 

arsebiTi da maradiuli maxasiaTeblis _ brZolis SedarebiT 

civilizebuli gamovlinebaa da brZolis am nairsaxeobis 

iaraRi swored organizebuli Sroma da ganaTlebuli 

gonebaa. garkveuli azriT es brZola ufro mkacric aris, 

vidre brZolis pirdapiri da uxeSi formebi. konkurenciis 

gulauCvilebeli kanonebisgan SeRavaTebs ar unda 

velodeT. `xmlian mters gavuZeliT, gadavrCiT... SromiT 

da garjiT, codniT da xerxiT mosuli ki Tan gagvitans, 

fex-qveSidam miwas gamogvaclis, saxels gagviqrobs, 

gagviwyvets, saxsenebeli qarTvelisa amoikveTeba, 

da Cvens mSvenier qveyanas, rogorc upatrono saydars, 

sxvani daepatronebian. Sromasa da garjas, codnasa 

da xerxs veravin-Ra gauZlebs, Tu Sroma da garja, 

codna da xerxi ar mivagebeT, win ar davaxvedreT, win ar 

davuyeneT. varT ki yovelive amisaTvis mzad? an gvetyoba 

raSime, rom yovelive es viciT da vemzadebiT?..~. 

Cveni axlandeli istoriuli situacia mniSvnelovanwilad 

im istoriuli viTarebis msgavsia, romelSic 

iliam qveynis modernizaciis programa SeimuSava da mis 

xorcSesxmas Seudga _ iSleba Zveli, gamofituli sistema 

(erT SemTxvevaSi batonymoba, meoreSi _ socializmi), 

iwyeba kapitalizmis damkvidreba, progresis xelisSemSleli 

maSinac iyo da axlac aris feodaluri 

cnobierebis da cxovrebis yaidis atavizmi... logikuri 

iqneboda, Cveni reagirebac aseT istoriul viTarebaze 

im inteleqtualuri da praqtikuli reagirebis msgavsi 

yofiliyo, romelic iliam moaxdina Tavis Tanadroul 

istoriul garemoebebze. magram yvelaferi swored logikis 

sawinaaRmdegod warimarTa da ar moxda gardauvalad 

moaxloebuli Ria ekonomikuri da socialur- 

38

politikuri sistemis srulfasovnad danergvisTvis 

aucilebeli mkveTri orientireba modernizebul Sromaze 

da cnobierebis racionalizaciaze, anu namdvili, 

aradeklaraciuli orientireba dasavleTze. amis gare- 

Se ki, rogorc ilia gvafrTxilebs, kapitalisturi konkurencia 

sasikeTos arafers gviqadis. am rTul amocanas 

saqarTvelom feodaluri sulis amofrqveviT upasuxa. 

misi cnobiereba miTebis da iluziebis, sakraluri sityvebis, 

simboloebis da ritualebis warmosaxviT samyaros Seefara 

da iq daemala daZabuli Sromis da gonebrivi aqtivobis 

aucileblobas. aRorZinda Zveli, mamapapuri, feodaluri 

cxovrebis praqtika _ ambiciebis gaafTrebuli 

Sexla, klanebis SuRli, iaraRis da Zalis kulti, 

qveynis daqucmaceba, maRalfardovani fuWsityvaoba... 

Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad moaxerxebs qarTuli sazogadoeba 

meToduri Sromis da ganaTlebuli, racionaluri 

cnobierebis kultivirebas. amisTvis aucilebelia 

im Zalis aRorZineba, romelsac ilia yvelaze 

cxovelmyofelad miiCnevda. es aris Rirsebis grZnoba, 

Tavmoyvareoba _ is, rac, erTi ucxoeli mwerlis TqmiT, 

cxovrebas gemos aZlevs. swored Rirsebis grZnobaa ilias 

òTaraanT qvrivSi~ warmoCenili Sromaze dafuZnebuli 

eTikis RerZi. ilia Rirsebis grZnobas `RvTaebrivs~ 

uwodebs, misi fiqriT, `rogorc sxivi mzisgan, yvela ni- 

Wi da madli adamianisa, sulieri Tu xorcieli, am 

grZnobidan warmomdinarebs da yovelive isev ukan 

mierTmeva, viT Tavis dasabams~. 

pirovnuli Rirsebis grZnoba, Tavmoyvareoba CvenSi 

amRvreuli da damaxinjebulia, ampartavnobis, pativmoyvareobis, 

egoisturi TavmoTneobis mier aris STanTqmuli. 

xolo erovnuli Rirsebis grZnoba gadagvarebulia 

cru, iluziebze damyarebul siamayed, romlis usafuZvlobac 

axla yvelas Tvalwin tragikulad gamoaSkaravda. 

magram iqneb Cvens mier gancdilma nacionalurma 

sircxvilma gamoaRviZos Rirsebis grZnoba rogorc zneobis, 

gonierebis da SemoqmedebiTi Sromis masazrdoebeli 

sawyisi _ Segvabrunos iliasken, anu gagvaxedos win. 

1993 

39

orgvari cnobiereba 

zogadad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom ilia WavWavaZis 

patriotuli ideali iyo saqarTvelo rogorc Tavisufali, 

civilizebuli, evropeizebuli qveyana; xolo 

konkretulad Tu vilaparakebT, mis prozaSi gamokve- 

Tilia orgvari cxovrebis yaida da cnobierebis wyoba, 

romelTagan erTi mTlianad ewinaaRmdegeba da gamoricxavs 

qveynis evropeizaciis geziT ganviTarebas, 

meore ki am geziT svlis mamoZravebelia. 

sinamdvilisadmi evropul damokidebulebas arsebi- 

Tad is gansazRvravs, rom dasavleli adamiani Tavis- 

Tavis da cxovrebis aRmSenebeli da gardamqmnelia. misi 

yofiereba realobis mizanmimarTuli Secvlis, gaumjobesebis 

sistematuri cdaa, radgan igi Tvlis, rom es 

realoba mudmiv srulyofas saWiroebs. dasavleli adamiani 

energiulad eswrafis bunebrivi da socialuri 

garemos mowesrigebas, marTvas, raTa igi TavisTvis ufro 

keTilmyofeli da Sesaferisi gaxados. yovel 

SemTxvevaSi, renesansis epoqidan mokidebuli dasavleli 

adamiani swored aseTi Cans, Tumca amis fesvebi 

ufro Rrmaa... 

Zneli warmosadgenia sinamdvilisadmi amgvari damokidebulebis 

ufro sruli uaryofa, vidre ilia WavWavaZis 

`kacia-adamianis?!~ personaJebis arsebobaa: mouwyobeli 

da mouwesrigebeli yofa da sacxovrebeli garemo, 

romelsac mis mimarT adamianis ukiduresi daudevrobis 

daRi adevs; ucvleloba, erTis da imaves gau- 

Tavebeli gameoreba, roca droc TiTqos uZravia; uqmi 

da modunebuli, uenergio sicocxle, romlis sifuturoves 

avsebs xorcieli tkboba, gancxroma, SeiZleba 

iTqvas, àRmosavluri hedonizmi~, oRond iseTive uxeSi 

da primitiuli, rogoric aris yvelaferi, rasac mwerali 

TaTqariZeebisTvis damaxasiaTeblad miiCnevs. 

cxovrebisadmi dasavluri, aqtiuri damokidebuleba 

saTaves iRebs gonebis primatidan, romelmac sabolood 

Tavisi cxadi gacnobiereba da aRiareba racionalizmSi 

da ganmanaTleblobaSi pova. gonebaa aqti- 

40

uri, moZravi, sinamdvilis wvdomis, gagebis da amdenad 

dauflebis daJinebiT mcdeli. gonebis raobaa maradiuli 

maZiebloba, ukve miRweuliT daukmayofilebloba, 

sisrulisken Seusvenebeli ltolva. `fausturi adamianis~ 

gonebis mousvenrobaa ukufenili evropis socialuri 

da kulturuli cxovrebis aqtiur-dinamiur xasiaTSi, 

intensiur SemoqmedebaSi, SromaSi, romelmac 

sinamdviles gonebis moTxovnebis Sesatyvisi Tvisebrioba 

da saxe unda mianiWos. 

ilia WavWavaZe rogorc racionalisti da ganmanaTlebeli 

Tavisi satiris Zireul Temad ugunurebas ir- 

Cevs da Tavisi gmirebis samarcxvino dacemulobis pirvelmizezs 

ugunurebaSi xedavs. `kacia-adamianis?!~ personaJebisTvis 

upirvelesad swored gonebis sizantea 

niSandoblivi da maTi fizikuri inertuloba, mZime da 

umoZrao materialuroba maTive gonebrivi uZraobis 

mxatvruli gansxeulebac aris. TaTqariZeebis mTeli 

arseboba sruliad araracionaluria da, avtoris 

TvalTaxedviT, pirvel rigSi amiT aris damaRoneblad 

komikuri. moTxrobis gmirebi TiTqos buranSi, mTvlemarebaSi 

arian Cafluli. maT moSlili aqvT kavSiri realur, 

cocxal sinamdvilesTan, ar gaaCniaT misi saRad 

aRqmis da gaazrebis unari. isini Caketili arian yalbi 

tradiciuli Sexedulebebis, crurwmenebis, iluziebis 

_ gonebiT da sinamdvilis logikiT daudasturebeli 

warmodgenebis moCvenebiT samyaroSi, romelsac namdvili 

samyarosgan yru, sqeli kedeli mijnavs. 

moTxrobis personaJebis cnobiereba `miTosur-poeturia~, 

`magiuria~. am cnobierebas SeiZleba eWvmiutanel 

WeSmaritebad miaCndes zRapruli istoria xe cnobadisas 

zurmuxtis nayofis Sesaxeb, romelic did saxelmwifoTa 

Soris cilobis sagania da qveynad arev-darevas 

iwvevs. ymebis momaval gaTavisuflebas es cnobiereba 

imiT xsnis, rom mzes gveleSapi Semoexvia, radgan 

adamianebis codvebma imata _ zogierTi mebatone uRirsad 

iqceva, tradicias Ralatobs da vaWariviT mogebas 

eZebs. sakuTar uSvilobasac, rogorc gvaxsovs, 

TaTqariZeebi zemiwieri Zalebis wyromas Tu boroti 

41

sulebis xrikebs miaweren da am ubedurebisgan Tavdasaxsnelad 

`magiur~ saSualebebs iyeneben. sinamdvilis 

movlenebs Soris realuri mimarTebebis, mizez-Sedegobrivi 

kavSirebis danaxva da gageba maT ar SeuZliaT 

da sruliad araidumali ambebi `jadosnur-mistikurad~ 

aixsneba. amgvari araracionaluri azrovnebis nimuSia, 

vTqvaT, luarsabis mier batonymobis gamarTlebac 

RvTis nebaze miTiTebiT da im utyuari sabuTiT, 

rom adamianis xelis TiTebic ki RmerTma araTanabari 

zomis Seqmna. 

moTxrobaSi komizms xSirad badebs personaJebis azrovnebis 

alogikuroba, maT mier gamomJRavnebuli logikuri 

dasabuTebis uunaroba, maTi àzrebis~ da am 

àzrebis~ dasamtkiceblad moSveliebuli `faqtebis~, 

àrgumentebis~ Seusatyvisoba. amis klasikuri magali- 

Tia cnobili `buzebis epizodi~, sadac sinamdvilis 

elementaruli logikis vergagebaa gamasxrebuli. aseve 

cnobil pasaJSi, romelic kulinariis sakiTxebze kamaTs 

eZRvneba, gamWvirvalea aramxolod TaTqariZeTa 

interesebis simdable, aramed agreTve cnobierebis 

garkveuli, araracionaluri wyoba, kamaTis sagnis ar- 

CevaSive rom vlindeba _ ar SeiZleba imis logikuri 

argumentireba, Tu romeli kerZia `kerZebis mefe~, an 

romeli Tevzi _ `Tevzebis mefe~, es `poetur-pirobi- 

Ti~ warmodgenebis sferoa. amitom àrgumentad~ gvevlineba 

gmirebis Wirveuli subieqtivizmi, romelsac 

jiutad ar surs ukan daxeva. 

es gamamxiarulebeli viTareba arc ise mxiaruli 

daskvnebis gamotanisken gvibiZgebs. racionaluri azrovneba 

gulisxmobs sinamdvilis kanonebis da obieqturi 

wyobis adekvatur aRqmas, moiTxovs adamianis arsebobis 

realobasTan SeTanadebas, igi subieqts garkveul 

sazRvrebs uwesebs. xolo racionaluri azrovnebis ganuviTarebloba 

realisturi aRqmis sisustes moaswavebs 

da infantilurad Jinian subieqtivizms gasaqani 

eZleva. gonebis umoqmedoba da siRatake, gonebis kontrolis 

ararseboba aadvilebs qvena grZnobebis da vne- 

42

ebis, moqiSpeobis, jibris, Suris galaRebas, rogorc 

es TaTqariZeebis cxovrebaSia. 

`kacia-adamianis?!~ personaJTa cnobierebaSi gabatonebul 

crurwmenebs Soris ganaTlebis da codnis _ 

sistematuri gonebrivi aqtivobis SiSnarevi aTvalwunebac 

aris. aseve Clungi aTvalwunebiT uyureben isini 

Sromas. moTxrobis personaJebs CveviaT warsulis ganusjeli 

idealizacia, romelic mJRavndeba, magali- 

Tad, aseT absurdSi _ adrindeli dro imiT jobs awmyos, 

rom maSin saZraxis saqmeebs ukeTesad aCumaTebdnen. 

yvelaferi, rac axal civilizaciasTan aris dakav- 

Sirebuli, maT `magiur~ da konservatul cnobierebas 

saxifaTo jadoqrobad, eSmakis manqanebad warmoesaxeba 

(ase aRiqvamen qalaqis cxovrebas). cnobiswadili, raime 

siaxlis gaazrebis moTxovnileba am daxSul cnobierebaSi 

ar iZvris. 

TaTqariZeebis arsebobis erT-erTi burjia crurwmena, 

rom uxeSi Zaladoba aucilebelia wesrigisTvis 

_ amaze metyvelebs kolorituli epizodi, sadac ugunuri 

egzekucia _ ymebis dawiokebaa aRwerili, agreTve 

luarsabis da darejanis gauxunari Segonebani imis 

Taobaze, rom ymebi mudam SiSSi unda amyofo, Torem 

Tavs gauvaT... erTi moazrovnis mtkicebiT, Zaladobis 

absoluturi efeqtianobis uryevi aRiareba, adamianze 

gonivruli, damarwmunebeli sityviT zemoqmedebis nacvlad 

ZaladobisTvis upiratesobis miniWebac iyo aRmosavluri 

samyaros CamorCenis, gaxevebis mizezi. da TaTqariZeebic 

xom arsebiTad aRmosavlelebi, azielebi 

arian... 

araadekvaturia, iluzorulia moTxrobis mTavari 

personaJebis warmodgena sakuTar Tavze: rogorc ver 

xedaven realobas, aseve ver xedaven TavisTavs realobaSi. 

maTi dabinduli, burusSi CaZiruli goneba uZluria 

realisturad aRiqvas da gansajos maTive raoba, 

SesaZleblobebi da amis Sedegad Tavs iCens komikurad 

gadaWarbebuli TviTSefasebani, Tavmomwoneoba, rac 

uzomo kvexnaSi da qadilSi gamoixateba. isini amJRavneben 

gansakuTrebul `niWs~ Seiqmnan, ganimtkicon da 

43

SeinarCunon iluziebi, yvelaferi warmoidginon ise, 

rogorc maTTvisaa xelsayreli _ sakmarisia movigonoT 

uSvilobiT aRZruli peripetia da misi damagvirgvinebeli 

iluzoruli gamarjveba, romlis aRsaniSnavadac 

xalisiani dResaswauli ewyoba. maTze damatyveveblad 

moqmedebs qeba da pirferoba, radgan es tkbili 

iluziebis SenarCunebaSi exmarebaT da advilad mosatyueblebi 

arian, imitom, rom adamiani yvelaze metad im 

tyuils ijerebs, romelic mis Tavismotyuebis survils 

Tanxvdeba. 

gonierebiT arc moTxrobis danarCeni personaJebi 

gamoirCevian, Tumca zogierT maTgans aqvs patara eSmakuri 

Wkua, romelic mxolod sxvebis gabriyvebis da ra- 

Racis gamorCenis unarSi vlindeba. 

TaTqariZeebis cnobierebis wyobas ilia WavWavaZe 

gviandeli, ukve gamofituli feodalizmis socialur 

struqturasTan akavSirebs, mis maxinj nayofad warmogvidgens. 

magram TaTqariZeTa saxeebi socialur SinaarsTan 

erTad garkveuli epoqis qarTuli mentalobis 

momcvelia, rasac moTxrobis avtori TviTon 

gvaniSnebs. 

ilias mier Seqmnil satirul saxeebs mniSvnelovnebas 

da sicocxlis xangrZlivobas uwinaresad swored 

maTSi gamoxatuli mentalobis buneba aniWebs. TaTqari- 

Zeebis yofiTi cxovrebis wesis da empiriuli xasiaTis 

zogierTi niSani SedarebiT ioli Sesacvleli (Tu SesaniRbavi) 

aRmoCnda, maTi cnobierebis gvianfeodaluri 

wyoba ki ufro gamZle gamodga da mniSvnelovanwilad 

jerac daurRvevelia. 

amis mTavari mizezi ase ikveTeba _ ilia WavWavaZis 

mier energiulad wamowyebuli ganmanaTlebluri sulieri 

revoluciis gagrZelebas da gaRrmavebas, kapitalisturi 

ekonomikis da socialuri urTierTobebis 

ganviTarebis paralelurad, unda moyoloda qarTuli 

cnobierebis racionalizacia, magram igi CaaxSo marqsistulma 

moCvenebiTma racionalizmma, sinamdvileSi 

kvlavindeburad `miTologiam~, `magiam~. is aRzrdis da 

amkvidrebs cnobierebas, romelic ar aris orientire- 

44

uli samyaros adekvatur aRqma-gagebaze da ar wyalobs 

racionaluri azrovnebis iseT kriteriumebs, rogoricaa 

sicxade, realizmi, mizanmimarTuloba, logikuri 

Tanmimdevruloba, kritikuloba... aseTi kriteriumebiT 

aRWurvili cnobiereba xelaRebiT, myari safuZvlis 

gareSe arafers irwmunebs an uaryofs. 

racionalizmsac axlavs garkveuli safrTxe: is SeiZleba 

mowydes cocxal sinamdviles da gauCndes yovlisSemZleobis 

pretenzia; iqces sqematur doqtriniorobad, 

realobisgan ganyenebul utopizmad, an dacildes 

humanizms da gamJRavndes rogorc emociuri siRaribe 

da simSrale, usulgulo pragmatizmi, sinamdvilis 

da adamianisadmi momxmarebluri damokidebuleba... magram 

yovelive es sxva msjelobis Temaa. amJamad sxva 

yvelaferze metad swored Cveni naklebad racionaluri 

cnobiereba gveRobeba win, gviZnelebs demokratiuli 

sazogadoebis da saxelmwifos Seqmnas, ramdenadac 

dasavluri demokratiis formirebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi 

wanamZRvari swored dasavluri racionalizmi iyo, 

xolo axla misi simkvidris erT-erTi ZiriTadi 

garantia. 

racionalizmi ar cnobs apriorul, gonebiT da 

cdiT Seumowmebel WeSmaritebebs, romelTa wvdomis da 

flobis monopoliis daweseba da miTviseba avtoritaruli 

mmarTvelobis mier warmoadgens mis ideologiur 

samagrs; igi gulisxmobs sinamdvilis SemecnebiTi 

aTvisebis procesis usasrulobas, rac arsebobis uflebas 

aniWebs azrovnebis pluralizms, aRvivebs Semwynareblobas; 

is iqceva sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis optimaluri 

mowyobis sawindrad, ramdenadac sinamdvilis 

racionaluri daufleba moiTxovs gonebis principebis 

_ WeSmaritebis, samarTlianobis, adamianis (rogorc 

gonieri arsebis) Tavisuflebis da bednierebis _ 

xorcSesxmas da sazogadoebis Sesabamis organizebasac; 

sinamdvilisadmi racionaluri mimarTeba SesaZlebels 

xdis individTa interesebis urTierTSexamebas, gonivruli 

TviTSezRudvis wyalobiT TviTeuli individis 

Tavisuflebis Tanaarsebobas sxvebis TavisuflebasTan. 

45

Tavisufali sazogadoebis yvelaze mtkice sayrdenia 

racionaluri, Tavisufali Sroma, romelic xels 

uwyobs Sesaferisi sulieri wyobis mqone adamianis 

Camoyalibebas. 

ilia WavWavaZe eZiebda aseTi tipis adamians qarTul 

sinamdvileSi, man icoda, rogori unda yofiliyo igi. 

òTaraanT qvrivis~ gmirebSi vxedavT mis idealur nimuSs, 

romelic metnaklebi mxatvruli srulfasovnebiT 

aris realizebuli (qvrivis saxe gacilebiT ufro 

sisxlsavsea, vidre giorgis saxe). am gmirebis yofierebis 

saZirkveli Sromaa, pirad sakuTrebaze damyarebuli 

Tavisufali, racionaluri Sroma. adamianebis Sefasebis 

mTavari da uSeRavaTo sazomic maTTvis keTilsindisieri 

Sromis, nayofieri aqtivobis unaria. Sromas 

efuZneba maTi Sinagani damoukidebloba, Rirsebis gamaxvilebuli 

grZnoba da samarTlianobis mZafri moTxovnileba, 

Tavisi adamianuri uflebebis dacvis SemZleoba, 

agreTve sxvaTa kerZo sakuTrebisadmi pativiscema 

da moqalaqeobrivi Segneba. 

moTxrobis mTavari personaJebi, upirvelesad oTaraanT 

qvrivi, arsebiTad imave eTikis ganmaxorcieleblebi 

arian, romelsac maqs veberi `protestantul Sromis 

eTikas~ uwodebs da `kapitalizmis sulis~ gaCenis da 

damkvidrebis mZlavr faqtorad miiCnevs. igi moiTxovs 

meTodur sibejiTes, yairaTianobas, sifxizles, yofacxovrebis 

da meurneobis gonivrul reglamentirebas, 

organizebas. vfiqrobT, saWiro ar aris moTxrobis Sesabamisi 

monakveTebis vrclad ganxilva imis dasadastureblad, 

Tu ramdenad damaxasiaTebelia nawarmoebis 

gmirebisTvis amgvari eTika (niSandoblivia Tundac is, 

rogor gegmazomierad anawilebs qvrivi Tavis Semosavals). 

oRond maT Tvisebebs ar ganekuTvneba iseTi 

burJuaziuli mankiereba, rogoric xelmoWerilobaa. 

oTaraanT qvrivs mwerali qristianuli qvelmoqmedebis 

saTnoebiTac ajildoebs, romelsac is garegnuli 

siuxeSiT avlens, raTa mowyalebis mimRebs Rirsebis 

grZnoba da damoukidebeli arsebobis moTxovnileba 

gauRvivos. 

46

veberi protestantuli Sromis eTikis realizebas 

gansazRvravs rogorc `saero asketizms~. ilias gmiric 

pirquSi puritani qalia, cxovrebis simZimesTan brZolaSi 

da tanjvis moTmenaSi asketiviT gamkacrebuli, 

Tavisi grZnobebis da survilebis asketuri simtkiciT 

damaurvebeli. 

es morwmune adamiani, TaTqariZeebisgan gansxvavebiT, 

fatalistur pasiurobas mkveTrad uaryofs da 

imeds pirvel rigSi sakuTar gonebaze da qmedebaze 

amyarebs. fxizeli da basri goniereba, sruli realizmi, 

simarTlis, Tundac sastiki simarTlis danaxvis wadili 

da unari megzurobs mas cxovrebaSi. misi cnobiereba 

racionaluria _ iluziebiT, crurwmenebiT Seuborkavi, 

cxadi azris da miznis gamomkveTi, myari logikis 

mimyoli, kritikuli da TavisTavadi. ilias gmirs aRizianebs 

yovelive, rac gonebas adunebs da sinaTles 

aklebs. TviTon iliasac xom gansakuTrebiT gonebis 

Zili aRizianebda. 

racionaluri, gonebas dandobili cnobierebis 

formireba racionaluri da Tavisufali Sromis safuZvelze, 

avtonomiuri pirovnebis gonivruli aqtivoba 

isaxeba ilia WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi qveynis aRorZinebis 

da ganviTarebis pirobad. amgvar Tvalsazriss 

ukeTesi alternativa axlac iseve ara aqvs, rogorc 

ilias dros ar hqonda. 

1992 

47

gzajvaredinze 

axali qarTuli, realisturi prozis erT-erTi pirveli 

nimuSi `mgzavris werilebi~ amave dros qarTuli 

lirikuli prozis erT-erTi pirveli nimuSic aris. am 

nawarmoebis centraluri figura avtoria, ufro zustad 

ki, lirikuli gmiria, romlis STabeWdilebebi, gancdebi, 

fiqrebi gaivlis Cvens Tvalwin da nawarmoebis 

mxatvrul organizms qmnis. warmogvidgeba pirovnebis 

sulieri samyaros dinamiuri da daZabuli suraTi. 

cocxali emociuroba, mRelvareba, SeiZleba iTqvas, 

dramatizmi msWvalavs `mgzavris werilebs~. igi ar daiyvaneba 

ilia WavWavaZis mwerluri Tu moqalaqeobrivi 

poziciis erTmniSvnelovan formulirebebze. aranakleb 

sayuradReboa subieqturi, intimuri gancda da azri, 

romlidanac es formulirebebia aRmocenebuli da 

romelic Sesulia kidec maT SedgenilobaSi. 

zogad mniSvnelobasTan erTad subieqtur-pirovnul 

Sinaarss vpovebT Tergis da myinvaris, dRis da 

Ramis saxe-simboloebSi. 

`mgzavris werilebis~ lirikuli gmiri gzajvaredinzea, 

arsebiTi arCevanis winaSea. cxovrebis da Semoqmedebis 

or tips, or SesaZleblobas, romelTa Sorisac 

man arCevani unda gaakeTos, upirveles yovlisa Tergi 

da myinvari ganasaxierebs. ori pozicia abstraqtulad 

ki ar upirispirdeba erTmaneTs, abstraqtulad ki ar 

xdeba erTis uaryofa da meoris WeSmaritebis aRiareba, 

aramed _ lirikuli gmiris gulSi da gonebaSi. marTalia, 

misi simpaTia mkveTrad aris gadaxrili ori SesaZleblobidan 

erT-erTis mxares, magram arCevanis aqti 

garkveuli siZnelisganac ar aris dazRveuli. 

davakvirdeT am pasaJs: `daRamda, magram me mainc 

stanciis gareTa var da daJinebiT yuracqvetili gonebas 

vadevneb Tergis TavzexelaRebuli denis xuilsa. 

yvela dadumda da Sen ar sdumob, Tergo! merwmuneT, me 

mesmis am xmagakmendils qveyanaSi Tergis dauCumari Civili. 

arian adamianis cxovrebaSi imisTana wuTni martoobisa, 

roca bunebas Sen TiTqo Sensas agebineb da igi 

48

Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. amitomac SegiZlian sTqva, rom 

martoobaSic arsad marto ara xar, hoi, orfexo cxovelo, 

romelsac adamians geZaxian. am Rames vgrZnob, 

rom Cemis fiqrebisa da Tergis Civilis Sua aris raRac 

idumali kavSiri, aris raRac Tanxmoba. guli mitoks da 

mklavi miTrTis. risTvis? dros davacaloT amis pasuxis 

gacema~. 

Tergi aq axleburad warmodgeba, moulodnelad saxes 

icvlis _ dRisiT es saxe gmirulia. `daloca 

RmerTma isev Tavzed xelaRebuli, giJi, gadareuli, 

Seupovari da daumonavi mRvrie Tergi. Savi kldis gulidam 

gadmomskdari modis da mobRavis da abRavlebs 

Tavis gareSemosa. miyvars Tergis zariani xuili, gamalebuli 

brZola, drtvinva da vai-vaglaxi~. sxvagan lirikuli 

gmiri ase mimarTavs Tergs: `Seni Weqa-quxili, 

Seni zariani xmauroba, Seni SfoTva da foTva, Seni 

gauTavebeli brZola qva-klde-RresTan, TiTqos Seni 

ganieri wadili Sens viwro sawolSi ver moTavsebulao. 

bevri ram sagulisxmoa SenSi, Cveno daumonavo Tergo, 

Sens Zlevamosils da Seupovars denaSia~. mimzidvelia, 

STamagonebelia Tergis heroikuli ieri, Tergis rogorc 

brZolis da daudgromlobis, energiuli moZraobis 

xati. misi mSveniereba misi simZlavre da simZafrea. 

am aqtiuri arsebobisgan ganuyofelia SeWirveba. `Tergi 

saxea adamianis gaRviZebulis cxovrebisa, amaRelvebeli 

da Rirssacnobi saxec aris: mis mRvrie wyalSi 

sCans mTelis qveynis ubedurebis nacartuta~. magram es 

SeWirvebac heroikulia, igi Tergis amayi da Zlieri 

xmauriT, `drtvinviT~ aris gamJRavnebuli. 

RamiT ki Tergis heroika qreba da mas elegiuroba 

enacvleba. dRisiT mebrZoli da meamboxe Tergi RamiT 

Civis im mousvenrobis, SfoTvis gamo, romelic misi 

xvedria. Civili tkivilisgan daRlis, Taviseburi sisustis 

gamovlenaa. ase gamoxatuli tkivili ufro ga- 

SiSvlebuli da xelSesaxebia, vidre heroikuli tanjva. 

tkivils, romelic Tergis `dauCumarma Civilma~ gaamxila, 

Camoclili aqvs efeqturi forma, sanaxaobrioba. 

samagierod Tergis Rameuli xma Tavisi lirikuli 

49

siwrfeliT da aRsarebiTobiT srulad da Seuferavad 

avlens tkivilis mTel siRrmes, simwares. 

Tergis Civils da lirikuli gmiris fiqrebs Soris 

Tanxmoba niSnavs, rom es gmiri gamaxvilebulad grZnobs 

misTvis sasurveli da TergiT gansaxierebuli aqtiuri 

cxovrebis simZimes da mtkivneulobas. mdinaris Civili 

mas misi momavali arsebobis siZneles umJRavnebs. ilias 

lirikul gmirs uCndeba ganwyoba, winaTgrZnoba, romelsac 

axlavs mRelvareba, sisuste, SiSi. ras moaswavebs 

aseTi ganwyoba, momavalSi gairkveva. `guli mitoks 

da mklavi miTrTis, risTvis? dros davacaloT amis 

pasuxis gacema~. 

drom marTlac gasca am kiTxvas sastiki pasuxi... 

magram aseTi fiqrebis da gancdebis miuxedavad lirikuli 

gmiris miswrafeba aqtiuri cxovrebisken ucvlelia 

da es miswrafeba axla ufro faseulia _ lirikul 

gmirs ukeTesad aqvs gacnobierebuli, ris arCevas 

apirebs da mainc am mSfoTvare, tkivilian yofnas amjobinebs, 

romlis saxe-simbolodac Tergis gverdiT 

dRec gvevlineba. `momeciT me naTeli da mousvenari 

dRe Tavisi tanjviTa, wvalebiTa, brZoliTa da vai-vaglaxiTa~. 

magram Semdeg SiSi, eWvi kvlav Cndeba. `SevsxediT 

cxenebze da wamovediT stefanwmindidam. ukanasknelad 

Sevxede myinvars. igi rogorRac didkacurad ib- 

Rvireboda Tavis simaRlidam. aman amiria im diliT 

damSvidebuli goneba. gulma kvlav tokva damiwyo da 

mklavma TrTola. srulis mZulvarebiT movaSore Tvali 

myinvaris didebulebasa da ufro didis pativiscemiT 

gamoveTxove mis fexTa qveS gagiJebiT mavals 

Tergsa~. 

rogorc vxedavT, lirikul gmirs igive SiSi da uRonoba, 

mRelvareba moicavs, romelmac Tergis Civilis 

mosmenisas Seipyro. fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis igiveobas 

mowmobs misi gamomxatveli frazis gameoreba: 

`guli mitokavs da mklavi miTrTis~ _ `gulma kvlav 

tokva damiwyo da mklavma TrTola~. mRelvareba imiT 

aris gamowveuli, rom myinvari kidev erTxel Seaxsenebs 

ilias lirikul gmirs cxovrebis sakmaod momxiblav 

50

wess, romelic gulisxmobs socialuri yofis tkivilebis 

da sazrunavisgan, saWirboroto problemebisgan garidebas, 

yoveldRiurobisgan ganyenebas, maradiulobaze 

da ara konkretul droze orientirebas. aqtiuri 

cxovrebisadmi RamiT gancdilma SiSma, rogorc Cans, 

ukvalod ar Caiara da amitom myinvaris mizidulobis 

ZalisTvis winaaRmdegobis gaweva axla ufro Znelia. ai, 

ram àuria~ goneba `mgzavris werilebis~ gmirs. mas 

kvlav eZaleba SiSi imisadmi, rac myinvariviT amaRlebuli 

da ganyenebuli arsebobis antiTezaa _ mSfoTvare 

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisadmi. magram orWofobas da 

sisustes nebisyofa axSobs da ukve sabolood, gadaWriT 

xorcieldeba arCevani imis sasargeblod, rasac 

qveynis sasicocxlo interesebi moiTxovs. 

myinvars Tavisi mimzidveloba aqvs `mgzavris werilebis~ 

lirikuli gmirisTvis. Tergis da myinvaris dapirispireba 

arc ise martivi da sworxazovania, rogorc 

erTi SexedviT gveCveneba. es ar aris usulo ritorikuli 

figura. am saxe-simboloebiT zogadi principebis 

garda gamoxatulia adamianuri arCevanis aqti, romelic 

moklebuli ar aris tkivils. es savsebiT bunebrivia 

_ ilias lirikuli gmiri sityvebiT ki ar TamaSobs, 

aramed sakuTar momavals gansazRvravs, saku- 

Tar beds wyvets. sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisgan gandgoma 

Tu masSi aqtiuri monawileoba ilias pirovnuli 

dilemaa. `mgzavris werilebSi~ gadawyvetili es dilema 

ufro safuZvlianad `gandegilSi~ wydeba. 

ilia WavWavaZis sulieri siZlieris, misi moqalaqeobrivi 

da SemoqmedebiTi poziciis simyaris sawindari 

is ki ar aris, rom misTvis ucxoa eWvi, aramed is, rom 

igi eWvebs da orWofobas nebisyofis simtkiciT, rwmeniT 

da azris sinaTliT igeriebs. 

51

* * * 

`mgzavris werilebis~ lirikuli gmirisTvis Tergis 

Civilis gagoneba ucnauri movlenaa, bunebis da 

adamianis iSviaTi, gansakuTrebuli kontaqtis Sedegia. 

kidev gadavikiTxoT es striqonebi: àrian adamianis 

cxovrebaSi imisTana wuTni martoobisa, roca bunebas 

Sen TiTqos Sensas agebineb da igi Tavisas Sen gagebinebs. 

amitomac SegiZlian sTqva, rom martoobaSic 

arsad marto ara xar, hoi, orfexa cxovelo, romelsac 

adamians geZaxian. am Rames vgrZnob, rom Cemis fiqrebisa 

da Tergis Civilis Sua aris raRac idumali kavSiri, 

aris raRac Tanxmoba~. 

bunebis da adamianis aseTi sulieri urTierTkav- 

Siris idea romantikuli msoflmxedvelobis kuTvnilebaa. 

mis safuZvels Seadgens bunebis rogorc suliT da 

azriT aRsavse cocxali mTlianobis aRqma. ase aRiqvamda 

bunebas, magaliTad, baraTaSvili: `mrwams, rom ars 

ena ram saidumlo uasakoTac da usulT Soris, da ucxoveles 

sxvaTa enaTa ars mniSvneloba maTis saubris!~. 

romantikosebi Tvlian, rom bunebis sulis wvdoma, misi 

metyvelebis mosmena da gageba, masTan Sinagani dialogi 

da urTierTgandoba SesaZlebelia. buneba maTi mesaidumlea, 

aq egulebaT is, ris povnac adamianebSi uWirT 

_ utyuari WeSmariteba, namdvili sulieri Tanaziaroba, 

Tavisi fiqrebis da grZnobebis gamoZaxili. `bunebaSi 

yvelaferi suls enaTesaveba da sulis Tanxmieria, 

is yvela simReras pasuxs aZlevs, is eqoa da xSirad 

pirveli iwyebs imis mReras, rasac me vfiqrob...~ _ 

ambobs, magaliTad, erTi romantikosi mwerali... 

aseTi Tvalsazrisi gasagebs xdis, ratom aris buneba 

romantikuli gmiris TavSesafari: igi bunebaSi aRar 

aris marto, igi ganmartoebulia. Tu martooba mZime da 

usiamovnoa, ganmartoeba, piriqiT, sasurveli mdgomareobaa, 

Sinaganad savse da nayofieri. bunebis meoxebiT 

martooba ganmartoebad gardaiqmneba. 

ilias lirikuli gmiric bunebasTan ìdumali kavSiriT~, 

`TanxmobiT~ martoobisgan Tavisufldeba, Tanam- 

52

grZnobels da Tanamoazres poulobs, es ki tipiuri 

romantikuli situaciaa. 

mas axlavs romantizmis iseTi niSandoblivi atributic, 

rogoric Ramis saxea. 

`Ramis saxes romantikul xelovnebaSi orgvari mniSvneloba 

aqvs. erTi mxriv, Rame aris yofierebis pirquSi 

xasiaTis simbolo. misi siSave samyaros bneli koloritis 

gamoxatulebaa. mdabali da civi samyaro TiTqos 

wyvdiadiT aris dafaruli. Rame gamouvali, pesimisturi 

gancdebis Tanxmieria. Rameuli peizaJis fonze 

trialdeba saSinelebebi, adamianebis cxovrebaSi erevian 

Semzaravi imqveyniuri Zalebi, xdeba koSmaruli dana- 

Saulobebi, iRviZebs usufTao sindisis qenjna... meore 

mxriv, dRis usaxur cxovrebas RameSi gaurbian. Rame 

axdens samyaros winaaRmdegobebis vualirebas, ukmari 

harmonia Seaqvs samyaroSi. RamiT aexdeba cxovrebas 

saburveli, romelic WeSmaritebas gvimalavs, qreba 

TvalismomWreli sinaTle, samyaros namdvili arsi ki 

Tavisi siSiSvliT warmogvidgeba. adamianis suli intimurad 

exeba qveynierebis sulier arss, masSi cocxldeba 

da iRviZebs dRis zedapiruli cxovrebis mier Cakluli 

grZnobebi~ (v. vanslovi, romantizmis esTetika). 

am Sexedulebis sailustraciod romantikuli poeziis 

oriode qrestomaTiuli nimuSi gavixsenoT. Tavis 

erT leqsSi Rameuli harmoniis aseT suraTs qmnis lermontovi: 

`Выхожу одни я на дорогу, Сквозь туман кремнистый 

путь блестит. Ночь тиха. Пустыня внемлет Богу… И звезда с 

звездою говорит~. 

samyaros RvTaebrivi wesrigi, romelic dRisiT uCinaria, 

RamiT TvalsaCino xdeba. marTlac, àdamianis suli 

intimurad exeba qveynierebis sulier arss~. mis winaSea 

ara mkvdari da utyvi materia, aramed goniT da 

metyvelebiT dajildoebuli qmnileba. 

Ramis saSineli saxe ki SegviZlia davinaxoT, vTqvaT, 

tiutCevis leqsSi `dRe da Rame~. `И бездна нам обнажена С 

своими страхами и мглами, И нет преград меж ей и нами – Вот 

почему нам ночь страшна!~. 

53

Rame samyaros gonebiT miuwvdomel, iracionalur 

siRrmeebs aSiSvlebs da am gaugebari uZirobis pirispir 

adamians uzomo SiSi ipyrobs. 

iliaseul Ramis saxeSi am fenomenis orivenairi 

romantikuli gaazrebaa SeTavsebuli. igi harmoniulic 

aris da saSinelic. garegnulad aq harmonia sufevs _ 

adamiani uaxlovdeba bunebas, raRac idumali ZaliT 

mis enas igebs, mis suls wvdeba; martooba gadalaxulia. 

amitom saxis zedapiri mTlianobaSi sakmaod wynaria, 

magram mis miRma Rameuli STabeWdilebebiT aRZruli 

SiSia mimaluli. 

ilia erTianad uaryofs yovelive amas, uaryofs 

romantikul msoflgagebas da esTetikas. 

uaryofis mTavari samizne, rasakvirvelia, Ramis 

SiSmomgvreli iracionaluroba da idumalebaa _ ganzogaddeba 

lirikuli gmiris mier RamiT gancdili SiSi, 

misi sakuTari sulieri gamocdileba. `hoi, bnelo Ramev, 

mejavrebi Sen me! Sen rom ar daarsebuliyav qveynisaTvisa, 

me mgonia, rom naxevari ubedurebac adamianisa 

qveyanazed ar iqneboda. SenTa movlenaTa dasces 

pirvelad Tavzari adamianis gonebasa da daafrTxes igi. 

mas aqeT SeSinebulsa gza Tavisi ver upovnia, _ da aha, 

ibrZvis adamiani da dRevandlamde aTasSi erTsa Tavisi 

erTxel damfrTxali goneba frTxolas ver gadauCvevia. 

ai mizezi qveynis ubedurebisa~. romantikul msoflgagebasTan 

kamaTSi mkvidrdeba racionalisturi, gonebis 

Zalis rwmenaze daSenebuli msoflmxedveloba. 

gonebam Tavi unda daaRwios SiSs garemomcveli samyaros 

winaSe da Tavisi SesaZleblobebi ganaxorcielos, 

adamianis cxovrebis gezismimcemad iqces _ aseTia 

Ramisadmi mimarTuli inveqtivis gamWvirvale Sinagani 

azri. swored es azri ganasxvavebs Ramis saxis iliaseul 

interpretacias im romantikuli Tvalsazrisisgan, 

romlis mixedviTac Rame samyaros namdvili bunebis 

_ bneli iracionalurobis anareklia da amitom 

misi saSinelebis Zleva SeuZlebelia, mas mxolod ganicdian 

da Wvreten. iliasTvis ki Ramis saSinelebas ara 

aqvs substancia, igi SeiZleba gaqres da unda gaqres ki- 

54

dec. es moxdeba Tu ara, imazea damokidebuli, danebdeba 

Tu moereva SiSs goneba. ilia TiTqos mecnierulad 

ganmartavs Ramis fenomens, mis raobas da `qveynis ubedurebis 

mizezs~ adgens _ racionalisturia aramarto 

ilias zogadi pozicia, aramed azrovnebis wesic. 

Ramis saxes TandaTan Sordeba yovelgvari romantikuli 

iracionalizmi, metafizikuri ganzomileba, is 

realisturi SinaarsiT ivseba. `hoi, bnelo Ramev, mejavrebi 

Sen me. Senis kalTis qveSa, vin icis, ramdeni gaborotebuli 

mteri adamianisa exla Tavs imalavs? vin 

icis, am bnel fardis qveS, romelic exla Cems Tvals 

Camoafare, ramdeni mWedveli da mtarvali qveynisa 

sWedavs borkilTa adamianis bedis SesaWedad?~. ilias 

ganmanaTlebluri SexedulebiT, gonebis daTrgunuloba, 

umecreba tiranebis mokavSirea, maTi batonobis ganmamtkicebelia. 

adamians emuqrebian ara idumali, aramed 

savsebiT realuri socialuri Zalebi da Rame maT 

simbolurad gamoxatavs. 

amasTanave irRveva Ramis romantikuli harmoniac, 

Rameuli simSvide da myudroeba, zmanebebi gafantulia. 

`wariReT es bneli da mSvidobiani Rame Tavisi ZiliTa 

da sizmrebiTa...~. es gasagebic aris, `mSvidobianoba~ 

xom moCvenebiTi da zedapirulia, saSinelebis SemniRbveli. 

daSinebuli gonebis umweoba samyaros winaSe badebs 

iluziebs da ilia uaryofs Rames rogorc iluziebis 

mSobels. `Sen (Rame) xar xelis Semwyobi im xelobisa, 

romelsac TvalTmaqcobas eZaxian da romelic 

adamianis damfrTxal gonebasa ubedurebas bednierebad 

aCvenebs xolme~. yvelafers, rac sinamdviles gva- 

Sorebs, rac mas idealizebulad warmogvidgens, arsebobis 

ufleba erTmeva. sinamdvilis mkacrad realisturi 

xedva, iluziebisgan Tavisufleba iliasTvis erTaderTi 

swori poziciaa. es pozicia `mgzavris werilebis~ 

dasawyisSive ikveTeba, sadac mwerali ironiulad SeniSnavs: 

àmboben: И дым отечества нам сладок и приятен. kvamlis 

sitkboebazed ki ukacravad, da siamovnebazed ki 

imas mogaxsenebT, rom kvamli friad sasiamovnoa... imis- 

Tvis, rom kvamli Tvals efareba da marTlWvretas uS- 

55

lis... oh, mamulis kvamlo, marTla-da tkbili da sasiamovno 

xar: xandaxan ise agvibam Tvalebs xolme, rom Cven 

Cvens sakuTar ubedurebasac vera vxedavT~. cxadia, 

`marTlWvretas~ Rameuli iluziebic verafriT 

daexmareba. 

iracionalizmTan da idumalebasTan erTad ilia 

emijneba romantikul individualizms. rogorc davinaxeT, 

mis lirikul gmirs bunebasTan idumalma siaxlovem 

martooba Seuvso, martooba sulierad savse ganmartoebiT 

Seucvala, magram Semdeg aRmoCndeba, rom es 

iluziaa, sruliad arasakmarisi da aradamakmayofilebelia. 

`daRamda, miswyda adamianis fexis xma, miswyda 

adamianis morWmuli xmauroba, aRar ismis misis daRlilis 

zrunvisa da wadilis guguni, qveynis tkivilma dai- 

Zina, adamiani aRara Cans Cems garSemo. vai, ra carielia 

es savse qveyana uadamianod!~. Rame intimuri cxovrebis, 

sakuTar TavSi CaRrmavebis, martoobis Tu ganmartoebis 

droa, rodesac adamiani mowyvetilia sociums. am 

dros igi Wvretas eZleva, uSualod da faqizad ukav- 

Sirdeba samyaros da Tavisi Tavis arss. amitom RamiT 

romantikuli individualizmi gasaqans poulobs. 

ilia uars ambobs ganmartoebaze socialuri cxovrebis 

sasargeblod. igi uars ambobs agreTve pasiur 

romantikul mWvretelobaze aqtiuri moqmedebis 

sasargeblod. 

romantizmTan ilias dapirispirebis simkveTres 

cxadyofs aseTi kontrastic. 

`nuTu dila gardauvalia?~ _ SeSfoTebiT kiTxulobs 

novalisi `himnebSi Ramisadmi~. magram swored is, 

rac romantikoss aSfoTebs, iliasTvis damaimedebelia. 

`daRamda, magram ar vici, ras viqmodi, rom imedi ara 

mqondes kvlav gaTenebisa. sicocxle sicocxledRa 

eRireboda?.. miyvars, bunebav, Seni dawyobiloba, romlis 

meoxebiTac yoveli Rame Tendeba xolme~. `himnebSi 

Ramisadmi~ naTqvamia: `vinc igema dafaruli, vinc idga 

msoflios umaRles, sasazRvro mwvervalze da Caixeda 

dabla, Seucnobel siRrmeSi, Ramis sabudarSi, WeSmaritad, 

igi ar dabrundeba miwier oromtrialSi, qveya- 

56

naSi, sadac maradiuli gangaSia da batonobs sinaTle~. 

ilias lirikuli gmiri ki TiTqos am azris gasabaTileblad 

zurgs aqcevs `Ramis sabudars~ da brundeba `miwier 

oromtrialSi~. 

ilia mosinjavs romantikul pozicias, mcire xniT 

ikavebs kidec am pozicias, Semdeg ki mTlianad uaryofs 

mas. romantizmTan polemikaSi ayalibebs igi Tavis 

mrwamss. es aris kamaTi literaturul-kulturul 

tradiciasTan, romelic, ra Tqma unda, saqarTveloSic 

arsebobs. kerZod, Ramis esTetikis gamovlinebaa grigol 

orbelianis `saRamo gamosalmebisa~, `Rame~ an 

baraTaSvilis `SemoRameba mTawmindaze~, Tumca es 

poetebic upiratesobas aniWeben da mZafrad mieltvian 

sinaTles _ qarTuli mxatvruli azrovnebis saerTo 

tendencia aqac Tavs iCens. grigol orbeliani wers: `vi- 

Ta RameSi gzasa mavali hgrZnobs idumalad siamovnesa, 

odes varskvlavi dilis win msrboli mkrTolvarebs zecas 

laJvardovansa da moaswavebs dResa naTelsa~. xolo 

baraTaSvilis leqsi, romelSic daisis mTeli mSveniereba 

da idumalebaa nagrZnobi, mTavrdeba paradoqsulad 

_ bindis gamrRvevi sinaTlis natvriT. 

magram Ramis saxe qarTul romantizmSi aris da masSi 

romantizmis araerTi mxare mJRavndeba _ iracionalizmi, 

bunebis kulti, individualizmi, WvretiToba, 

rac metnaklebad qarTveli romantikosebis SemoqmedebaSic 

SeimCneva. amdenad imis miuxedavad, rom ilia maT- 

Tan bevri ramiT memkvidreobiTad aris dakavSirebuli, 

polemika maTkenac aris mimarTuli; magram ara uSualod 

da ara upiratesad _ ilias mxedvelobaSi uwinares 

yovlisa aqvs zogadad romantizmi rogorc specifikuri 

msoflgageba da esTetikuri sistema. 

romantizmTan ilias mimarTeba ar aris erTgvarovani, 

radgan TviT romantizmic ar aris erTgvarovani 

da ilias masSi, bunebrivia, izidavs maZiebeli azri, 

meamboxuri suli, rasac `mgzavris werilebSi~ baironi 

ganasaxierebs. romantizmis garkveuli tendenciebi ki 

iliasTvis miuRebelia, radgan isini Seurigebel wina- 

57

aRmdegobaSia mis socialur-erovnul da esTetikur 

poziciasTan. 

gava dro da ilia WavWavaZis mier uaryofili esTetika 

ganaxlebuli saxiT qarTul simbolizmSi gacxaddeba. 

galaktion tabiZe, romlis poeziac mniSvnelovanwilad 

Rameuli poeziaa, ityvis: `gana SuaRames ara aqvs 

Tavis ganumeorebeli silamaze, rogorc magaliTad 

mzis amosvlas?~; xolo Tavis simbolistur SemoqmedebiT 

kredos ase Camoayalibebs: àxal stilSi aris bundovaneba 

da am nislSi Zlivs gasarCevad irevian crumorwmunoebis 

sanTlebi, uZilo Rameebis saSiSari aCrdilebi, 

saSineli Rameebi, sulieri qenjna, romelic iRviZebs 

sul mcireoden xmaurobaze, saocari ocnebebi, 

romlebic gaukvirdeboda dRis sicxades...~. 

58 

1987

zneobrivi dilema 

SurisZiebis istoria, romelic `glaxis naambobSia~ 

moTxrobili, banaluri iqneboda, garTulebuli rom ar 

iyos seriozuli eTikuri problemebis gaazrebiT. 

ilias es nawarmoebi dRemde sainteresoa Tavisi sulier-moraluri 

koliziebiT da zneobrivi koncefciiT, 

mwerlis gamaxvilebuli eTikuri TvalTaxedviT da 

mgrZnobelobiT, romelic masSi vlindeba. 

moTxrobis Sinagan, azrobriv dramatizms gansazRvravs 

da mis ideur-zneobriv koncefcias ayalibebs 

mRvdlis saxis da gabrielis bedis urTierTmimarTeba. 

is, rasac mRvdeli qadagebs, Seicavs gabrielis cxovrebis 

zneobrivi gagebis kriteriums. Tavis mxriv 

gabrielis Tavgadasavali mRvdlis miswrafebebis realobasTan 

Sesabamisobis gamocdaa. 

ori mTavari principia mRvdlis qadagebaSi _ adamianis 

Rirseba da moyvasis Tavdadebuli siyvaruli. 

mRvdeli gabriels pirvel rigSi imas Caagonebs, rom yoveli 

adamiani RvTis Svilia da amdenad Rirsebis mqone 

da Tanasworia. Tanasworobas, Tavisi epoqis erT-erT 

yvelaze gavlenian ideas, ilia qristianul mrwamsze 

afuZnebs. `yvelas gulSi, _ eubneba gabriels mRvdeli 

_ batonia Tu yma, me var Tu Sena, _ RvTisagan an- 

Tebuli cecxli anTia, is cecxli ar unda gavaqroT, Tu 

gvinda, rom pirnaTlad SeveyaroT Cven gamCensa~. Rirsebis 

grZnoba, romelsac mRvdeli gabriels uRvivebs, 

mis adamianur bunebas Rrmad SeeTviseba. 

Rirsebis grZnoba moyvasis siyvarulisgan ganuyofelia 

_ adamianis Rirsebis safuZveli is aris, rom mas 

moyvasis siyvarulis da samsaxuris unari RmerTisgan 

aqvs miniWebuli. mRvdeli piradi magaliTiT da emociuri 

sityvis, Segonebis ZaliT gabriels qristianuli 

siyvarulis momxibvlelobas aziarebs. unda iTqvas, 

rom Tumca mRvdlis saxeSi Warbadaa didaqtikur-ritorikuli 

elementebi da igi sworxazovnad idealizebulia, 

mainc mas aqvs mxatvruli simarTle, romelsac 

59

upirveles yovlisa qmnis metyvelebis wrfeli, guliTadi 

toni, metyvelebis suliereba da siTbo... 

mRvdlisgan gabrieli moyvasis siyvaruls SeiTvisebs 

aramarto rogorc movaleobas, aramed upiratesad 

rogorc Rrma sulier moTxovnilebas. moyvasis siyvaruli, 

TanagrZnoba, samsaxuri, misTvis Tavganwirva 

gabrielis mowodebad iqceva. 

amitom patimrobidan daxsnili gabrieli Zneli dilemis 

winaSe aRmoCndeba: erTi mxriv, moyvasis qristianuli 

siyvaruli, Tanalmoba da erTguleba, misi adamianuri 

Rirsebis dacva, rac am SemTxvevaSi, gabrielis 

gagebiT, Tavisi damcirebuli da gawiruli axloblebisTvis 

SurisZiebas gulisxmobs; meore mxriv, aseve 

qristianuli zneobrivi kanonebi, romlebic adamians 

adamianis kvlas ukrZalavs da mtris patiebas avalebs. 

am dilemis gadaWrisas gabrielis cnobiereba qristianul 

zneobas paradoqsulad gardatexs da igi uZaladobis 

da mimteveblobis nacvlad moyvasis da saku- 

Tari adamianuri Rirsebis Tundac momakvdinebeli ZaladobiT 

dacvas miiCnevs qristianis valad. 

magram SurisZiebis Semdeg gabriels tanjavs fiqri, 

sworia Tu ara mis mier borotebis Camdenis sikvdiliT 

dasja RvTaebrivi samarTlis TvalsazrisiT da RvTis 

samsjavro aSinebs. Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom igi inaniebs. 

rogor vlindeba monanieba analogiur viTarebaSi, 

Cans Sileris `yaCaRebis~ SurismaZiebeli gmiris 

mimarTvaSi RmerTisadmi: `Cemnair or adamians SeeZlo 

samyaros zneobrivi wesrigis mTeli Senobis dangreva! 

Seiwyale patara biWi, romelmac gadawyvita daeswro 

Seni samsjavrosTvis! Senia Surisgeba da Sen miageb. Sen 

ar gWirdeba adamianis xeli~. sinanuliT Sepyrobil am 

personaJs axsendeba bibliuri formula, romelic SurisZiebas 

ara adamianis, aramed RmerTis prerogativad 

saxavs. xolo ilias gmiri TavisTavs aniWebs uflebas 

gansazRvros, rogori adamianis mkvleloba ar iqneba 

`didi codva~ da am uflebas bolomde ar Tmobs. 

eWvis, tanjvis da SiSis miuxedavad gabrieli mainc 

miiCnevs, rom misi qmedeba mRvdlis mier misTvis naqa- 

60

dagebi qristianuli moZRvrebis Sesatyvisia. mRvdlis 

kiTxvas, Tu ram gariya da dasca igi, sikvdilis win is 

amayad pasuxobs: ìm cecxlma, romelic yvelas RvTisagan 

gulSi gvinTia, rogorc Sen erTxel mibrZane~. 

mRvdlisTvis gabrielis xvedri gansakuTrebulad 

mtkivneuli unda iyos, radgan es xvedri imaze metyvelebs, 

rom qristianuli moralis aRzeveba batonymobis 

pirobebSi iluziaa... 

avtoris Rrma simpaTia da TanagrZnoba gabrielisadmi 

aSkaraa, magram misi damokidebuleba nawarmoebSi 

wamoWrili SurisZiebis dilemisadmi aseve aSkarad 

gamoxatuli ar aris. SesaZloa, es damokidebuleba miniSnebuli 

iyos imiT, rom ziarebis mouTmenlad momlodine 

SurismaZiebeli uziarebeli kvdeba... 

Tumca mTavaria, rom moTxrobaSi SurisZiebis Sefaseba 

siuJetis mTeli mxatvruli logikiT aris 

gamokveTili. 

arsebiTia is garemoeba, rom daTiko patimrobidan 

inkognitod aTavisuflebs adamianebs, romlebic misi 

mtrebi arian da safiqrebelia, ar daindoben. imas, rom 

daTikos savsebiT Segnebuli aqvs Tavisi moqmedebis mosalodneli 

Sedegebi, mowmobs misi sikvdiliswina dialogi 

gabrielTan. `mainc Senis xeliT movkvdi! gaxsovs, 

maSin rom giTxari: sanTel-sakmeveli Tavis gzas ar 

dahkargavs-meTqi, aki ar dahkarga... _ risTvis dagvixseni?.. 

_ vera hxedav? ai, am dRisTvisa~. 

patimrebis damxsneli daTiko am adamianebis mimteveblobis 

imeds itovebs, magram mzad aris imisTvisac, 

rom SurisZiebis samizne iyos. misi moulodneli sasikeTo 

qmedebis motivi sinanulze, sindisis qenjnaze 

metad aristokratuli Rirsebis grZnoba Cans, romelic 

man Selaxa, roca gabrieli motyuebiT daaWerina. 

daTikom Tavisi Rirsebis mimarTac Secoda da upirvelesad 

am Secodebis gamosyidva unda. mas surs daamtkicos, 

rom ar eSinia gabrielis, daadasturos Tavisi 

vaJkacoba (amitom nanobs sikvdilisas, rom gabriels 

`niSanic ver daasva~, ùsaxelod moekvlevina~). 

61

daTiko kvdeba mkvlelis mimarT upiratesobis SegnebiT. 

mas aqvs kidec moraluri upiratesoba, radgan 

gvian, magram mainc gamoiCina aristokratuli sulis 

sifarTove, misma mowinaaRmdegem ki qristianuli patieba 

ver SeZlo. `mSvidobiT da gamarjvebiT, gamarjvebulo 

gabriel!~ _ ironiulad JRers es sityvebi, 

radgan sinamdvileSi gabrieli damarcxebulia. momakvdavi 

dascinis SurismaZiebels, romelsac marcxi agema: 

`tuCebzed iseTi Rimi SerCa, TiTqo daicinebao. hm, 

siciliT mokvda, tiriliT naSobi~. 

gabrielis SurisZieba fuWi aRmoCndeba, daTikos moulodneli 

moraluri saqcieli, sikvdilisTvis mzadyofna 

da sikvdilTan mSvidi Sexvedra mas zneobriv 

sazriss aclis. SurisZieba dakninebulia daTikos uSfoTveli 

sikvdilis da momakvdavi gabrielis SfoTvis 

kontrastiTac. isic mravlismetyvelia, rom kaci, romlis 

arsebobis mTavari impulsi Rirsebis grZnoba iyo, 

sicocxles amTavrebs rogorc `glaxa~, maTxovari. 

Tu poemaSi `ramdenime suraTi anu epizodi yaCaRis 

cxovrebidan~ gmirebi, romlebic usamarTlobis pasuxad 

sisxls Rvrian, romantizebulebi arian, `glaxis 

naambobSi~ amgvari romantika adgils ver povebs. saer- 

Todac ilias socialur-eTikuri poziciis Sinagani dinamika 

revoluciuri radikalizmidan qristianuli humanizmisken 

aris mimarTuli. 

poemisgan gansxvavebiT moTxrobaSi nebismieri 

mkvleloba Sefasebulia qristianuli moralis TvalsazrisiT 

_ rogorc codva (`kacis kvla, rac unda iyos, 

mainc codvaa~). problema aq is aris, SeiZleba Tu ara 

mkvlelobis codva gamarTlebuli iyos Tundac iseTi 

faseulobebis dafuZnebis aucileblobiT, rogoricaa 

moyvasis siyvaruli, adamianis Rirseba, samarTlianoba. 

es problema Soreulad exmianeba XIX saukunis rusul 

literaturaSi tragikuli siRrmiT gamJRavnebul dilemas 

_ dasaSvebia Tu ara kaciskvla didi Rirebulebebis 

da miznebis gansaxorcieleblad. 

ilias wams, rom adamianis sicocxle xelSeuxebeli 

faseulobaa, radgan TviT zneobrivad ukiduresad deg- 

62

adirebul adamianSic ar SeiZleba mTlianad aRmofxvrili 

iyos moraluri sawyisi, mTlianad Camqrali iyos 

`RvTisagan anTebuli cecxli~; amitom Tavisi tanjuli 

gmirisadmi mwvave TanagrZnobis miuxedavad ver amarTlebs 

mis SurisZiebas. arsebiTad es aris sikvdiliT 

dasjasTan ilias dapirispirebis pirveli gamoxatuleba. 

ilias zneobrivi poziciis simarTle gansakuTrebiT 

sagrZnobi da cxadi xdeba, roca `samarTliani~ mkvlelobis 

moralur normad revoluciur-totalitaruli 

damkvidrebis tragikul Sedegebs viTvaliswinebT meoce 

saukuneSi. 

1987 

63

`yovlad Zlieri mSveniereba~ 

mwuxare filosofoss uwodebda kita abaSiZe ilia 

WavWavaZis gandegils. marTlac, ilias gmiri moazrovne, 

samyaros da adamianis raobaze dafiqrebuli kacia, 

romelsac garkveuli msoflmxedveloba aqvs - igi pesimistia, 

Tvlis, rom miwieri arseboba, cxovreba Tavisi 

arsiT boroteba da codvaa. es Tvalsazrisia misi gandgomis 

wanamZRvari, gandgomis sxva, piradul-biografiuli 

motivebi poemaSi ar Cans. is gandegilia imitom, 

rom cxovrebas aRiqvams rogorc erTian da yovlismomcvel 

borotebas; gandegiloba Rrma pesimizmis 

Sedegia. 

`... ganSorebia, viT codvis sadgurs, 

viT sameufos borotisasa, 

sadac marTali gzas ver auqcevs 

gansacdelsa mas eSmakisasa; 

sad codva kacsa sdevnis dRe da Ram, 

viTa mparavi da mtacebeli. 

sad, rasac hxadis marTali marTlad, 

mas umarTlobad hqmnis codvis xeli; 

sad ryvna, wawymeda da Ralatia, 

sadac Zma hxarobs sisxlsa Zmisasa, 

sad cili, zakva Zulebada hxdis 

wminda siyvaruls moyvasisasa. 

ganSorebia am wuTisofels, 

sad yovli niWi macdurebaa, 

sad TviT siturfe da saTnoeba 

eSmakis maxe da cdunebaa~. 

meoce saukunis erTi poeti ambobs, rom `cxovreba is 

adgilia, sadac cxovreba SeuZlebelia~. ase fiqrobs 

gandegilic. misi azriT, amqveyniur arsebobaSi maRali 

sulieri, eTikuri Rirebulebebi ganuxorcielebelia; 

aq yvela faseuloba ganwirulia saimisod, rom gadagvardes 

da antifaseulobad iqces: samarTlianoba _ 

usamarTlobad, siyvaruli _ siZulvilad, sikeTe _ 

borotebad; yvelaferi cdunebas warmoadgens, yvela- 

64

feri codviT aris wabilwuli, maT Soris mSvenierebac 

(`TviT siturfe~); isic borotebisken ubiZgebs adamians 

`borotis sameufoSi~; miwieri sinamdvile, adamianis 

amqveyniuri yofa eSmakeulia da ara RvTaebrivi. 

aseTi pirquSi msoflxedva bunebrivad karnaxobs 

ilias gmirs cxovrebas gaecalos, mTlianad aramiwieri 

sinamdvilisken Sebrundes da masTan miaxloebaze izrunos; 

`borotis sameufoSi~ sulis xsna ar xerxdeba, 

sulis siwmindis da simaRlis miRweva SeiZleba mxolod 

am qveynis moZulebiT da misgan gandgomiT. 

poemaSi am msoflmxedvelobrivi modelis da masze 

damyarebuli adamianuri arsebobis wesis rRvevaa 

warmosaxuli. 

`gandegili~ msoflmxedvelobrivi tragediaa, tragediaa 

adamianis, romelsac mrwamsi daemsxvra. 

poemaSi asketis msoflmxedvelobrivi krizisi faqizad 

aris motivirebuli. radikaluri asketizmis uaryofa 

xorcieldeba avtoris sagangebo miTiTebebis, 

ganmartebebis, gansjiT-analitikuri Carevebis gareSe, 

avtoris tendenciis gamouaSkaraveblad. nawarmoebis 

koncefcia gacxaddeba mxatvruli sinamdvilis obieqturi 

logikiT, saxeTa metyveli SexamebiT da SepirispirebiT, 

qveteqstebiT, miniSnebebiT. 

`gandegilSi~ moqmedebis kvanZis ganaskvas, berTan 

mwyemsi qalis misvlas win uswrebs aseTi pasaJi: 

`mze gadaxrili jer kidev srulad 

mTisa gadaRma ar dasuliyo 

da mTis wverzed, viT cecxlis borbali 

irgvliv sxivgaSliT anTebuliyo. 

cisa laJvardi, viT nakverCxali, 

wiTlad da yviTlad mzisgan hRuoda, 

da gamsWvaluli misiT Rrubeli 

Sors aTas-ferad sxivebSi hTrToda. 

ama ubiwo diadis xilviT 

wartyvevnil iqna ganyenebuli 

da viT cxovels xats RvTis didebisas 

Sescqerda mzesa gancvifrebuli~. 

65

mSvenieri sanaxaoba Tvals stacebs gandegils, niv- 

Tieri, materialuri samyaros ucnauri silamaze xiblavs 

da, rac mTavaria, am silamazeSi igi RmerTis sidiadis 

gamovlinebas xedavs. amqveyniur, xilul mSvenierebaSi, 

grZnobad silamazeSi Cans RmerTi da gandegils 

aocebs es; Turme nivTieri SeiZleba RvTiuri 

iyos, nivTieri sinamdvilis mSveniereba RvTaebrivia, 

mSveniereba RvTis `cxoveli xatia~. 

Znelia imis Tqma, rom gandegili acnobierebs yovelive 

amas, magram es Rrma emociuri STabeWdileba swored 

aseT azrs moaswavebs, aseTi azris Canasaxs Seicavs, 

romelic Semdeg gaRvivdeba da gamoikveTeba. 

asketis mrwamss pirveli, Znelad SesamCnevi, magram 

sabediswero bzari aq uCndeba, aq iwyeba gandegilis 

ideuri marcxis motivireba.aqve Semodis nawarmoebSi 

mSvenierebis Tema, romelic mwyemsi qalis gamoCenisas 

kidev ufro Zlierad aJRerdeba. gandegils kvlav uCveulo 

silamaze warmoudgeba. 

`TviT madls trfobisas rom moesurvos 

xorcsxmulad vlena odesme qveynad, 

ukeTess saxes ver inatrebda 

Tavis sicxovlis gamomsaxvelad. 

maSinac vin sTqvas, _ vin vis amSvenebs, 

madli am saxes, Tu saxe madlsa!.. 

TviT Suri, mtroba ver upovida 

qals mSveniersa verafers naklsa. 

mis TvalTa elviT, RawvTa SuqfeniT, 

gul-mkerdis rxeviT vin ar aTrToldes!.. 

daxe mis tuCTa!.. TiTqo TviT trfobas 

Tvis nazi kocna zed darCenodes~. 

qalis silamaze miwieria, xorcielia da igi Tavisi 

miwierebiTve imdenad srulyofilia, rom religiursakraluri 

cnebiT gamoxatuli maRali da cxovelmyofeli 

Zalis _ siyvarulis `madlis~ mTeli sisavsis 

damtevia; xorcieli silamaze araTu biwieri da codvili 

ar aris, aramed `madliT~ aris mosili. beri jer- 

66

jerobiT arc amas icnobierebs, magram aseTi azris 

gamRvivebeli, pirvelis msgavsi emociuri STabeWdileba 

axlac mZafria. qalis silamaze iseve aocebs gandegils, 

rogorc mSvenieri mze _ RvTis xati: `gasaocari 

raRac Sveneba gandegils Tvalwin warmoedgina~ _ `da 

viT cxovels xats RvTis didebisas Sescqerda mzesa 

gancvifrebuli~. igi amjeradac iseve moxibluli da 

datyvevebulia, rogorc mzis xilvisas: `da ucodvelis 

gulistkiviliT qals SeaCera tyveqmnili Tvali~ _ àma 

ubiwos diadis xilviT wartyvevnil iqna ganyenebuli~. 

qalis silamaziT gandegilis moxibvla Semzadebuli da 

gaadvilebulia mzis Casvlis RvTaebrivad mSvenieri 

suraTis Wvretisas miRebuli mZlavri STabeWdilebiT. 

gandegilis arseba ukve Riaa silamazisTvis, igi ukve 

endoba nivTier silamazes, radgan RvTaebam swored 

xilul, grZnobad mSvenierebaSi gaumJRavna Tavisi Tavi. 

amitom aris, rom is dayveba qalis mSvenierebis zemoqmedebas 

da winandeburad ar fiqrobs, rom `TviT siturfe 

da saTnoeba eSmakis maxe da cdunebaa~. 

`vis ar moimxrobs, moinadirebs 

yovlad Zlieri mSveniereba! 

Tqmula _ mxecic ki gaafTrebuli 

mis win datkbeba da dawynardeba. 

da dauwynarda Zals mSvenebisas 

igi mwirica mwyrali, gulmSrali, 

da ucodvelis gulistkiviliT 

qals SeaCera tyveqmnili Tvali~. 

mravlismetyvelia fsiqologiuri detali _ ùcodvelis 

gulistkiviliT~. erotiul ltolvas mwyemsi 

qalisadmi gandegili ar ganicdis, igi mxolod mojadoebulia 

qalis mSvenierebiT da tkivils grZnobs imis 

gamo, rom es araCveulebrivi silamaze misi arsebobis 

miRmaa darCenili, rom misi cxovreba aseTi silamazis 

gareSe mimdinareobs. 

rogorc vxedavT, gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi SesamCnevi 

Zvrebi xdeba, asketis msoflmxedvelobis sa- 

67

fuZveli Setortmanebulia. qalTan dialogSi igi arsebiTad 

ganiaraRebuli ebmeba. saubrisas gamoaSkaravdeba 

da dasruldeba is, rac manamde daiwyo. kamaTSi 

gandegilis ioli damarcxeba ganpirobebulia imiT, rac 

dialogs win uZRoda da Tan axlavs kidec, im STabeWdilebebiT, 

romlebic mwiris suls ase aRelveben. 

mwyobri mxatvruli logika vlindeba imaSi, rom 

qalis alaparakebisTanave kvlav Cndeba mzis saxe. 

`lamazi iyo am dRis saRamo, 

ra-rig Svenoda mze damavali! 

Sevxede Tu ar im mzes, im casa, 

gavSterdi, veRar movsxlite Tvali. 

RvTis saxesaviT gars Suqmosxmuli 

mTis wverzed didi mze brwyinvalebda 

da sakvirveli is sanaxavi 

TvalTana erTad gulsa mtacebda... 

magram ras izam, modi, guls uTxar, 

_ kargs sanaxavze nu xar-Tqo xarbi!..~ 

qali iseve aRiqvams mzis Casvlas, rogorc gandegili 

_ mzis mSvenierebaSi RvTis xats xedavs da moxiblulia 

saocari silamaziT. amave dros is Seafasebs Tavis 

STabeWdilebas da midis daskvnamde, romelsac mwiris 

STabeWdilebac moicavs potenciurad _ miswrafeba 

am RvTaebrivi silamazisken bunebrivia, ar aris 

aRsakveTi. 

es azri kidev ufro mkafiod Camoyalibdeba maSin, 

roca qali ukve ara farul, aramed pirdapir kamaTs 

gaumarTavs asketur msoflmxedvelobas. 

68 

`... miTqvams: iq yofna 

ras argebs sulsa? 

gana swyins RmerTs, rom kaci Sehxaris 

qveyanas, RvTisve dabadebulsa? 

vfiqrobdi: neta maS risTvis morTo 

ese lamazad wuTisofeli? 

gana misTvis, rom adamianma 

SeaCvenos da aiRos xeli?~.

aseTia qalis mTavari argumenti _ ar SeiZleba uarsayofi 

da mosaZulebeli iyos is, rac RvTis Seqmnilia 

da TviTonac RvTiuria, RvTaebrivad mSvenieria. 

amas eyrdnoba qalis momdevno argumenti: ucnauri 

da gaugebaria im sulieri kavSirebis gawyveta, romlebic 

adamians axloblebTan aerTebs da romlebSic 

uTuod aris sikeTis da siyvarulis sawyisi. 

`... ar gagondeba arc mama, deda, 

an Zma, anu da, an saxli, kari? 

nuTu mis dReSi ara gyolia 

mokeTe, gulis Sematkivari?!~. 

gandegilis cnobierebaze Zlier STabeWdilebas axdens 

isic, rom qali mas uSualod da damajereblad 

uCvenebs adamianuri axloblobis, guliTadi, siyvaruliT 

gamsWvaluli adamianuri urTierTobis siZvirfases. 

amgvar urTierTobas asaxierebs mwyemsi qalis da 

misi mamis urTierTdamokidebuleba, romelic Tavisufalia 

egoizmisgan, romelSic mTavari meore adamianze 

uangaro zrunvaa _ SeuZlebelia aseT siyvarulSi 

RvTiuri sawyisi ar davinaxoT da miviCnioT, rom igi 

eSmakis mier adamianebisTvis dagebuli xafangia. es 

ewinaaRmdegeba gandegilis mrwamss, rom amqveyniuri 

sinamdvilis substancia borotebaa da yovelgvar sike- 

Tes, siyvaruls boroteba nTqavs. 

rac mTavaria, axla igi imitom veRar moiSveliebs 

Tavis pesimistur Tvalsazriss, _ miwieri arseboba 

`borotis sameufoa~_ rom TviTonve ixila, rogor 

vlindeba RvTaeba amqveynad, Tanac mis winaSea iseve 

mSvenieri arseba, rogoric RmerTis xatad warmoCenili 

mzea. igi TviTonve xedavs da ganicdis imas, rasac qali 

umtkicebs _ mzis xatis da qalis silamaze amqveyniuri 

yofnis RvTaebrivi arsis cocxali gansaxierebaa. logikuri, 

oRond sakmaod martivi argumentebi, romlebic 

mas daupirispires, swored amis gamo xdeba mougeriebeli. 

is, rom RmerTma èse lamazad morTo wuTisofeli~ 

da amdenad wuTisofelze xelis aReba gaumarTlebelia, 

69

gandegilisTvis ganyenebuli msjeloba ki ar aris, 

aramed uSualod aRsaqmeli, TvalsaCino sinamdvilea. 

aseT Setevas asketuri mrwamsi ver uZlebs. 

`... ra giTxra Svilo? 

yvelaze ufro suli tkbilia, 

igi tyve aris wuTis-soflisa 

da eg yoveli mis borkilia. 

_ maS vinc qveynad varT, yvela wavwydebiT, 

veRar davixsniT verafriT sulsa? 

_ xsna yvelgan aris... xolo gza xsnisa 

eseTi mergo me... ubedursa...~. 

gandegili erTxel kidev gaibrZolebs, amqveyniurobas 

sulieri swrafvebis damabrkoleblad acxadebs, 

magram ara yovlismomcvel borotebad, rogorc adre; 

misi radikaluri Tvalsazrisi aq Serbilebulia. amave 

dros igi arapirdapir aRiarebs, rom `sulis~ garda 

sxva ramec aris Zvirfasi (`yvelaze ufro suli tkbilia~ 

_ es aris pasuxi qalis naTqvamze: àn Sen rogor 

sZleb uwuTisoflod! mere ici ki ra-rig tkbilia!~). 

mTavari mainc is aris, rom gandegili iZulebulia 

cnos _ `xsna yvelgan aris~. axla misTvis cxadi xdeba, 

rom isini, vinc amqveyniuri cxovrebiT cxovroben, ar 

`wawydebian~, rom miwieri sinamdvile RvTiuri arsis 

mqonea da ara eSmakeuli `borotis sameufo~; xsnis gza, 

romelsac adgas, ar yofila erTaderTi da xsnis sxva 

SesaZleblobis fonze gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia misi 

siZnele, martoobis, usixarulobis simZime. 

ase irRveva gandegilis pirquSi mrwamsi, ase aRmoaCens 

igi, rom amqveyniuri sinamdvile arasworad Seufasebia 

da amis gamo cxovrebis wesis arCevaSic Semcdara. 

asketur msoflmxdvelobas amarcxebs `yovlad Zlieri 

mSveniereba~, romlis RvTaebrivi warmomavloba da 

arsi gandegils mzis xatma gaumJRavna da romelic Semdeg 

qalis saxiT gamoecxada. igia asketizmis sawinaaRmdego 

upirvelesi, ZiriTadi argumenti, dadasturebuli, 

gaSlili da azris sicxademde miyvanili qalis 

logikuri argumentebiT. 

70

gandegilis Sinagan samyaroSi Zvelis uarmyofi axali 

WeSmariteba ikveTeba. magram misTvis metad mtkivneulia 

imis daTmoba, rac didi xnis manZilze wamda, rasac 

amdeni sulieri energia Sealia da TiTqos miaRwia 

kidec mizans. asketuri mrwamsi gandegils sisxlxorc- 

Si aqvs gamjdari da asketis nawrTobi nebisyofa mTeli 

ZaliT aRudgeba win axladSobil WeSmaritebas, cdilobs 

mis CaxSobas. 

oRond qalis araCveulebrivi mSvenierebis xibls 

gandegili Tavs ver aRwevs. es mSveniereba kvlav RvTaebasaviT 

amSvidebs; grZnobac, romelic qalisadmi uCndeba, 

amaRlebulia da Tu gandegilma jer miwieri sinamdvilis 

RvTiuroba aRmoaCina, axla araCveulebrivad 

mSvenieri miwieri arsebis mimarT gaCenili am 

grZnobis RvTiuroba xdeba misTvis gasagebi; sulis 

RvTaebrivi aRzeveba, romelsac imqveynad moelis, 

Turme amqveynadve SesaZlebelia. 

`rogor iwamos da ra daarqvas 

am jer ar-cnobils sitkboebasa? 

Tu codva aris, egre rada hgavs 

sulisTvis aRTqmul ukvdavebasa?~. 

es msoflmxedvelobrivi Zvrebi gzas uxsnis gandegilis 

ltolvas, eziaros qalis xorciel silamazes. 

magram kvlav amoqmeddeba asketis zeadamianuri nebisyofa, 

asketuri mrwamsis mZlavri iaraRi da mwiri 

axerxebs Tavis Sekavebas, magram simSvides veRar moipovebs. 

saSvelad RvTismSobels mimarTavs, magram misi 

xati mwyemsi qalis saxes iRebs _ RvTaebrivad mSvenieri, 

RvTaebrivi grZnobis aRmZvreli qali gandegilis 

sulier samyaroSi RvTaebis adgils ikavebs, rac misi 

msoflmxedvelobrivi metamorfozis bunebrivi dasasrulia, 

asketuri cnobierebis TvalsazrisiT ki imis 

niSania, rom gandegilma saSineli codva Caidina da 

RmerTisTvis sasurveli aRar aris. amasve niSnavs isic, 

rom sxivi locvans veRar daiWers. 

71

qalisadmi xorcieli ltolvis aRkveTas gandegili 

axerxebs. misi Secodeba ufro seriozulia _ man Sinaganad 

irwmuna axali WeSmariteba, romelic uaryofs 

asketur ideas. am Secodebis simZimes ver uZlebs igi. 

arsebiTad gandegilis asketur sulier konstituciaSi 

sicocxlisunarianobas inarCunebs mxolod askezaSi 

gawvrTnili nebisyofa, romelsac Tavisi monapovris 

daTmoba ar unda. 

`nuTu iZlia! ara da ara!.. 

mis sasoeba ar dauZlurdes 

da raca swyurda aqamde mis suls, 

igive unda bolomde surdes!..~. 

mtkice nebisyofiT aRWurvili asketuri cnobiereba 

codvianad saxavs qalsac da mTel wuTisofelsac, Tumca 

gandegilis Sinagani gamocdileba sruliad sapirispiros 

metyvelebs. asketis nebisyofa imdenad mZlavri 

gamodgeba, rom axal WeSmaritebas Trgunavs, xolo 

TviTon, moklebuli sazriss, romelic axali WeSmaritebis 

mier ukve gabaTilebulia, am sazrisis magivrobas 

ver gawevs. 

`gandegili~ tragikuli nawarmoebia. fiqroben, rom 

mis tragizms qmnis `xorcis~ da `sulis~ Seurigebeli 

konfliqti. magram es imas niSnavs, rom konfliqti gaiazreba 

TviT asketuri msoflmxedvelobis kategoriebiT 

_ am cnebebiT gandegili aRniSnavs mis arsebaSi 

SebrZolebul Zalebs. sinamdvileSi, rogorc davinaxeT, 

gandegili xorcis sisustis msxverpli ar aris. 

xorcieli ltolva mas uCndeba bolos da niadags povebs 

misi cnobierebis krizisis Sedegad. tragikuli koliziac 

warmoiSoba personaJis sulier samyaroSi ori 

msoflmxedvelobrivi principis dapirispirebis gamo - 

_ asketur ideas upirispirdeba Tvalsazrisi, romlis 

mixedviTac amqveyniuri sinamdvile Tavisi arsiT RvTaebrivia, 

rasac mowmobs misi mSveniereba _ RvTis xiluli 

xati; amdenad es sinamdvile ar aris uarsayofi, misken 

swrafva ar aris codva, piriqiT, umaRlesi sulieri 

72

moTxovnilebebis da Rirebulebebis xorcSesxma masSia 

SesaZlebeli. magram am axal WeSmaritebas mtkiced damkvidreba 

ar uweria, radgan Zalian Zlieria isic, rac 

mas brZolas umarTavs _ asketuri TviTSegneba, asketuri 

neba. es sawyisebi Tanabari Zalisaa da pirovnebis- 

Tvis Tanabrad mniSvnelovania, amitom maTi Sejaxeba 

mTavrdeba TviT pirovnebis ganadgurebiT. 

aristoteles gansazRvrebis Tanaxmad, tragikuli 

gmiris ubedureba Sedegia ara misi mankierebis da simdablis, 

aramed mis mier daSvebuli Secdomis. gandegilis 

tragikuli Secdoma, tragikuli brali msoflmxedvelobrivia 

_ man SecdomiT Seafasa amqveyniuri arseboba 

rogorc totaluri boroteba da mTlianad uaryo 

igi. am Secdomis gacnobierebas gardauvalad moyveba 

misi daRupva. daRupvis aucileblobas gansazRvravs 

tragikuli personaJis buneba _ is ukompromiso maqsimalistia, 

romelsac veraferi gaunelebs mrwamsis 

msxvrevis tkivils. 

tragikuli xelovneba tanjvis da TanagrZnobis xelovnebaa. 

`tragikuli TavisTavSi moicavs usasrulo 

Semwynareblobas~ (kirkegori). avtoric TanagrZnobiT 

da SemwynareblobiT ekideba Tavis didbunebovan, sulieri 

ZaliT gamorCeul gmirs. misTvis dasanania, rom am 

gmiris Sinagani energia tragikuli Secdomis gamo 

fuWad daixarja, ukvalod gaqra. 

* * * 

ilias `gandegilSi~, gansxvavebiT floberis `wminda 

antonis cdunebisgan~ an zolas àbat mures Secodebisgan~, 

ar aris antiqristianuli, antireligiuri tendencia. 

aq asketuri idealis uaryofa xdeba qristianuli 

msoflmxedvelobis safuZvelzeve (qristianobis farglebs 

ar cildeba WeSmaritebis Zieba tolstois `mama 

sergiSic~). rogorc mkvlevari g. kalandariSvili SeniSnavs, 

`mwyemsma qalma mwiris senakSi moitana gulubryvilo 

da wrfeli, xalxis mier guliT da ndobiT miRebuli 

religia, gamotarebuli saukuneebSi~. 

73

damaxasiaTebelia, rom pirquSi asketuri msoflgagebis 

mcdaroba `gandegilSi~ danaxulia swored xalxis 

TvaliT da es ilias Semoqmedebis saerTo kanonzomierebas 

Seesabameba. `mgzavris werilebSi~ ubralo adamiani 

ambobs mwerlis sanukvar saTqmels; `glaxis naambobSi~ 

da òTaraanT qvrivSi~ xalxia zneobrivi idealis 

Semnaxveli; moTxrobaSi `sarCobelazed~ gulubryvilo 

glexis TvalTaxedviTaa aRqmuli da Sefasebuli 

sikvdiliT dasjis simaxinje... 

ilias mier asketizmisTvis dapirispirebuli sicocxlismoyvare 

msoflmxedveloba, romelsac amqveyniuri 

sinamdvilis arsad RvTiuri sikeTe da mSveniereba esaxeba, 

axlosaa `vefxistyaosnis~ gammsWvalav msoflgagebasTan 

_ boroteba ararsia, amqveyniuri samyaros 

arsi aris sikeTe da mSveniereba, romelic RvTaebrivia 

Tavisi warmomavlobiT da bunebiT; amdenad adamianebis 

amqveyniuri moTxovnilebebi da swrafvebi arsebiTad 

RvTaebrivia da maTi ganxorcieleba amqveynadvea 

SesaZlebeli. 

rusTavelis poemaSi da optimistur, amqveyniuri silamazis 

moyvare da damfasebel nacionalur msoflaRqmaSi 

poulobs ilia WavWavaZe asketizmis damZlev 

pozitiur mrwamss. 

yvelaferi is, rac `gandegilSi~ asketizmis daZlevaze 

iTqva, unda Seivsos aucilebeli ganmartebiT: 

ilias poemaSi marcxs ganicdis ara bermonazvnuri ideali 

saerTod, aramed asketizmis ukiduresi forma, romelic 

gulisxmobs amqveyniuri realobis absoluturad 

uaryofiT Sefasebas da, aqedan gamomdinare, misgan 

srul ganapirebas, yovelgvar adamianur urTierToba- 

Tagan garidebas. amitom aris, rom nawarmoebis dasawyisSi 

da finalSi mTavar gmirTan Sepirispirebulia berebis 

krebuli, romelsac gandegilisgan ganasxvavebs 

SemoqmedebiTi, aRmSeneblobiTi mizanswrafva _ igi 

miudgomel adgilas RvTis taZars amkvidrebs. es aris 

moyvasis qristianul siyvarulze dafuZnebuli Zmoba, 

romlis arsebobis SesaZleblobasac gandegilis unugeSo 

Tvalsazrisi gamoricxavs _ mis mier wuTisoflis 

74

mitovebis mTavari motivi swored is aris, rom `cili, 

zakva Zulebada hxdis wminda siyvaruls moyvasisasa~. 

gasagebia, rom is, berebis Zmobis wevrTagan gansxvavebiT, 

`sul martod-marto dayudebula~... 

asketizmis ukiduresi forma ilias mxatvruli interesis 

sagnad iqca misi zogadi msoflmxedvelobrivi 

aspeqtebis gamo, romlebic Sordeba garkveuli kulturul-istoriuli 

movlenis sazRvrebs. es aris pesimizmi 

da ukiduresi individualizmi. 

`gandegilis~ analizisas, Cveulebriv, pesimizmi _ 

ukiduresi individualizmis wanamZRvari _ yuradRebis 

gareSe rCeba xolme da Zneldeba imis damajereblad 

warmoCena, rogor marcxdeba poemaSi gandegiloba, 

farTo gagebiT radikaluri individualizmi _ pesimizmis 

Sedegi. ilias mxatvruli azrovneba ki logikurad 

Tanmimdevrulia da nawarmoebSi uwinares yovlisa 

swored pesimisturi msoflgagebis rRvevaa warmoCenili, 

rac pesimizmis Tanmxleb radikalur individualizmsac 

aclis safuZvels. 

Tavisi azrTawyobiT da mizandasaxulobiT `gandegili~ 

bunebrivad da Rrmad aris dakavSirebuli qarTveli 

xalxis erovnul-kulturul amocanebTan, romlebic 

XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi gamoikveTa: erovnuli 

aRorZinebis cda nayofieri SeiZleba mxolod maSin 

iyos, Tu igi emyareba pozitiur msoflmxedvelobas, 

pozitiur Tvalsazriss samyaros da adamianis Sesaxeb; 

xolo Tu samyaro absoluturi borotebaa, Cixia, am 

cdasac yovelgvari azri ekargeba; pesimizmi da ukiduresi 

individualizmi, cxadia, qveynis ukeTes da 

TviTmyofad momavals ver Seqmnis, saamisod aucilebelia 

optimisturi msoflmxedveloba, rwmena, rom 

samyaros, adamianis yofnas aqvs naTeli sazrisi, keTili 

arsi; aucilebelia optimisturi mrwamsiT nasazrdoebi 

socialuri aqtivoba. 

am aucileblobis karnaxiT aris dawerili ilias 

`gandegili~. 

1987 

75

akaki wereTeli 

Rirsebis aRsadgenad 

,,gamzrdelSi’’, baTusTan safar-begis stumrad misvlis 

scenaSi aris aseTi metafora: safari xumrobiT ise 

iqceva, TiTqos ucxoa, sagangebod ifaravs saxes da 

baTu mas ver cnobs _ safar-begi Secvlilia, mas axla 

sxva saxe aqvs, baTusTvis dafaruli da ucnobi. 

safar-begs zneobriv saxes zia-xanumTan urTierToba 

ucvlis, umRvrevs. safari ukve uzneobis gzazea 

damdgari (zia-xanumis davaleba qurdobis da yaCaRobisken 

ubiZgebs), am gzas miyavs baTus ojaxSi da im 

borotebamde, romelsac iq Cadis. 

safar-begis da zia-xanumis urTierTobaSi mTavaria 

am adamianebis TavmoTneoba da pativmoyvareoba. mamakacebis 

gulis dapyrobiT, imiT, rom maT Tavis nebaze 

aTamaSebs, zia-xanumi, sabediswero qalis tipis gansaxiereba, 

pativmoyvareobas da Zalauflebismoyvareobas 

ikmayofilebs, tkbeba sakuTari momxibvleli ZaliT da 

misi safar-begTan damokidebulebac amgvaria. Tumca 

verc zia-xanumisadmi safaris damokidebulebas miviCnevT 

namdvil siyvarulad, masac pativmoyvareoba amoZravebs 

_ gamorCeuli qalis yuradRebis da simpaTiis 

mopoveba misTvis sapatioa. safars rom zia-xanumi mar- 

Tla uyvardes, is ver Caidenda imas, rac baTus ojaxSi 

Caidina. safaris grZnoba namdvili rom ar aris, amas 

mowmobs mis mier zia-xanumis davalebis sxvisTvis dakisrebac 

_ igi apirebs sxvisi gakeTebuli saqme miiweros, 

anu gulwrfeli ar aris qalis winaSe. 

safaris Selaxuli morali megobarTan mis urTier- 

Tobasac ayalbebs _ zia-xanumis davalebis SesrulebaSi 

daxmarebis TxovniT faqtobrivad safari baTus 

uzneo saqmis, qurdobis Cadenas avalebs, TviTon ki arc 

iRebs monawileobas am saZraxisi da saxifaTo Canafiqris 

ganxorcielebaSi. safaris damokidebuleba baTu- 

76

sadmi angarebiania, gamoyenebiTia. yovelive es Seamzadebs 

mis srul moralur kraxs. 

gansxvavebiT zia-xanumis da safaris urTierTobisgan, 

romelic damyarebulia egoizmze da pativmoyvareobaze, 

sicrueze, baTus da nazibrolas siyvaruli 

namdvilia, wrfelia da amitom masSi egoizmis da TavmoTneobisTvis, 

sicruisTvis adgili ar rCeba. nazibrolas 

moralurad ar SeuZlia SeiniRbos baTus wina- 

Se, daumalos momxdari, xolo baTus damokidebuleba 

colisadmi cxadyofs mis Tavisuflebas egoisturi 

siamayisgan, TavmoTneobisgan. baTus urTierToba col- 

Tan aRazasadmi joyolas delikaturobas gvaxsenebs. 

baTus da nazibrolas siyvaruli umZimes gansacdels 

uZlebs, radgan WeSmaritia. 

zneobrivi gansacdeli, romelic baTus xvdeba wilad, 

mas marto misi siyvarulis dangreviT ki ara, 

sakuTari ZiZiSvilis mkvlelad qceviTac emuqreba. is 

axerxebs amis Tavidan acilebas imiT, rom sjis codvils 

ara fizikuri angariSsworebiT, aramed dandobiT, 

sjis sindisis qenjniT da sircxviliT, amarcxebs, 

Trgunavs mas Tavisi moraluri simaRliT. SesaZloa, 

gansacdelisTvis Tavis Rirseulad daRwevas baTus 

uadvilebs is, rom man momxdari mis mier Cadenili 

qurdobis samarTlian RvTaebriv sazRaurad CaTvala _ 

baTus saubari colTan safuZvels gvaZlevs, ase vifiqroT 

(`yovelgvari mosavali kacis Tavze uneburi, 

RvTis risxvaa...~). 

baTus winaSe Tavs Sercxvenilad safar-begis garda 

haji-usubic grZnobs, romelsac baTum safaris piriT 

arsebiTad is SeuTvala, rom zneobrivi Sefaseba unda 

mieca aramarto safaris samarcxvino saqcielisTvis, 

aramed sakuTari samarcxvino mdgomareobisTvisac, romelSic 

aRmoCnda rogorc safaris aRmzrdeli. es kaci 

ki Tavisi arsebobis azrs, mTel Tavis Rirsebas swored 

aRmzrdelobaSi xedavs. baTus mier gamoCenili sulgr- 

Zeloba, misi zneobrivi simaRle kidev ufro damTrgunvels 

xdis haji-usubisTvis safaris sulmdablobas, 

kidev ufro umZafrebs mas sircxvilis grZnobas. igi 

77

ver egueba, rom aseTi Rirseuli kacis TvalSi damcirebuli 

Candes. baTus winaSe sircxvilis Camorecxvis 

da Rirsebis aRdgenis survili ubiZgebs haji-usubs 

TviTmkvlelobisken, es aris misi qcevis realuri fsiqologiuri 

motivi. Tu es motivi mxedvelobis miRma 

dagvrCeba, SeiZleba haji-usubis TviTmkvleloba mxatvrulad 

naklebad damajerebeli, `Teatralur-afeqtaciuri~ 

mogveCvenos. 

78 

2005

vaJa-fSavela 

humanizmis ganwiruleba 

`stumar-maspinZlis~ dasawyisSi joyolas da zviadaurs 

Soris TiTqos konfliqti unda warmoiSvas, magram 

ase ar xdeba da es erTaderTi arSemdgari, CanasaxSive 

Camqrali konfliqtia am sastiki konfliqtebiT savse 

poemaSi. 

konfliqtis Tavidan acileba joyolas damsaxurebaa. 

moulodnelia gulisxmiereba da sulis siuxve, romelsac 

joyola iCens ucnobi xevsuris mimarT _ joyolasTvis 

yoveli adamiani, misi erovnebis da sarwmunoebis 

miuxedavad, upirveles yovlisa swored adamiania; 

misTvis zviadauri ar aris mteri ubralod imis 

gamo, rom is xevsuria; igi xevsurTa mTel modgmaSi 

mtrebs apriorulad ar xedavs da es uCveuloa im samyaroSi, 

romelSic dapirispirebul sazogadoebaTa ur- 

TierToba `mtris xatzea~ damyarebuli. amiT ganiara- 

Rebuli zviadauri dayveba joyolas nebas da did risks 

wevs, stumrad midis Tavisi mtrebis banakSi. 

qistur TemSi nebismieri xevsuris stumrad miyvana, 

Tundac is qistebis gamorCeuli mteri ar iyos, ucnauri, 

gamomwvevi saqcielia. rogorc Cans, Tavisi amgvari 

araordinarulobis gamo joyola TemisTvis adrec 

Znelad dasamorCilebeli adamiani iyo (mogvianebiT 

Temi masze ambobs: `winad xom bevrjer agvria~). es 

aris imis mizezi, rom Temi Tavidanve ar endoba mas, 

iniRbeba, xrikebs mimarTavs masTan urTierTobaSi. Temis 

da joyolas urTierTdamokidebulebaSi adreve 

arsebuli daZabuloba zviadauris gamo uceb ifeTqebs, 

mwvave konfliqtSi gadaizrdeba. 

joyolas adamianuri bunebis sirTule Cans im moraluri 

grZnobebis mravalgvarobaSi, romlebic mas zviadaurTan 

akavSirebs maTi xanmokle, magram Rrma ur- 

TierTobis safuZvelze. simpaTiis da sulieri naTesaobis 

grZnobis garda es aris movaleobis grZnoba _ man 

79

unda uzrunvelyos am adamianis xelSeuxebloba, romelic 

TavisTan stumrad TviTon waiyvana; es aris TanagrZnoba, 

sibraluli: joyolas umZims imis xilva, rogor 

jabnian bevrni erT, umweo mdgomareobaSi Cavardnil 

adamians (ùiaraRos awvalebT, guli rasa hgrZnobs 

Tavada~); es aris sircxvilis grZnoba _ joyolas 

rcxvenia zviadauris Tavis TanatomelTa qcevis gamo, 

miTumetes ar surs TviTon Seelaxos Rirseba zviadauris 

TvalSi, raime iseTi gaakeTos, rac zviadauris 

winaSe moralurad daakninebs. 

nawarmoebSi yvelaze didi zneobrivi gansacdelis 

pirispir joyola aRmoCndeba. am gansacdelma mas SeiZleba 

daakargvinos is, rac uZvirfasesi aqvs: pirovnuli 

saxe, Rirseba, Sinagani Tavisufleba da damoukidebloba, 

humanuroba. mTeli samyaro imisken ubiZgebs joyolas, 

rom gawiros zviadauri, yvelaferze metad ki is, 

rom Tu ase moiqceva, socialuri moralis TvalsazrisiT 

marTali iqneba, ramdenadac zviadaurma moatyua, 

Tavisi vinaoba daumala. magram arCevanis gakeTebisas is 

emorCileba ara socialur morals, aramed mxolod sakuTar 

pirovnul zneobas, yurs ugdebs mxolod sakuTari 

sindisis, Rirsebis grZnobis, adamianurobis uRrmes 

xmas da gadarCeba rogorc zneobrivi pirovneba. 

joyola zneobriv gamocdas uZlebs maSinac, roca 

aRaza umxels, rom zviadauri daitira. aRazas aRsarebaze 

joyolas pasuxSi arsebiTia is, rom joyola _ 

damoukidebeli da Rirseuli pirovneba _ pativs cems 

meore adamianis damoukideblobas da Rirsebas; mkacri, 

uxeSi samyaros mkvidri, mtkice da Seupovari joyola 

amasTanave sulierad faqizia, daxvewilia da ar iWreba 

sxvis intimur samyaroSi, aRiarebs am samyaros xelSeuvalobas 

(`me ra gamge var magisa?~). es aris adamianis 

mier sxva adamianis Tavisuflebis aRiarebis umniSvnelovanesi 

gamoxatuleba qarTul literaturaSi. 

joyolas buneba, morali da msoflxedva dogmebiT 

da crurwmenebiT SeuzRudavia, misTvis sulis simaRle 

zogadadamianuri siqvelea (`diacs mudamac uxdeba 

glova vaJkacis kargisa~). 

80

joyolas pasuxSi Cans misi Rrma siyvaruli aRazasadmi, 

radgan WeSmariti siyvarulis erT-erTi Zireuli 

niSani sayvareli adamianis damoukideblobis aRiarebaa. 

joyola rom bolomde ar ijerebs Sin dabrunebuli 

aRazas naambobs, es ar aris colisadmi misi undoblobis 

gamovlineba _ mas surs, rom aRaza savsebiT gulaxdili 

iyos mis mimarT, arafers umalavdes da erTmane- 

Tis winaSe sruli gulaxdilobis, siwrfelis es moTxovnilebac 

Rrma siyvarulis niSania. 

sulieri siRrmiT da sifaqiziT, iseve rogorc pirovnuli 

avtonomiiT da sakuTari principebisTvis Tavis 

gawirvis unariT joyola axlosaa aluda qeTelaurTan, 

Tumca aludas Sinagani samyaro mainc ufro 

rTulia, mtkivneuli fiqriT, azriT ufro mdidaria. 

aluda did sulier cvlilebebs ganicdis, axal religiur 

da eTikur faseulobebs miakvlevs, rasac joyolaze 

ver vityviT _ is, rom mowinaaRmdege eTnosis 

warmomadgenlebi `rjulZaRlebi~ da araadamianebi ar 

arian, rac aludam Zlieri Sinagani Zvrebis Sedegad 

aRmoaCina, joyolasTvis Tavidanve da TavisTavadve 

cxadia. joyolas adamianuri arsi ki ar icvleba, aramed 

vlindeba daZabul situaciebSi. 

sulis sirTulis, sifaqizis miuxedavad joyola 

monoliTuri pirovnebaa, romelsac bolomde myarad 

wams sakuTari poziciis siswore TemTan konfliqtSi. 

misgan gansxvavebiT aRazas Sinagan ZalasTan erTad 

sisustec axasiaTebs, is rogorc qali ufro metad aris 

damokidebuli sxvebis, sazogadoebis azrze, rac misi 

saxis mxatvruli simarTlis da individualurobis 

sayrdenia. aRaza TavisTavSi atarebs Temis cnobierebas, 

mis TvalTaxedvas da am TvalTaxedviTac aRiqvams 

da afasebs sakuTar fiqrebs, gancdebs, qmedebebs. Temis 

SiSi, Temis winaSe sircxvili mas Tavisi Sinasamyaros 

siRrmidan eZaleba da tanjavs, fantasmagoriis saxes 

iRebs da ase atydeba Tavs. misi sulieri Tavisufleba, 

mokluli zviadaurisadmi misi TanagrZnoba da mzrunveloba 

miTufro namdvili da faseulia, rom xorcs 

isxams didi Sinagani winaaRmdegobebis gamovlis, konf- 

81

liqtebis gadatanis xarjze. aRazas saSineli martooba, 

mis mier Tavisi saqcielis monanieba, am saTuTi arsebis 

umweoba da sasowarkveTa avi, ulmobeli samyaros pirispir, 

romelsac mdinaris sazareli xati asaxierebs, 

yvelaferze ufro mtkivneulad gvagrZnobinebs amqveynad 

humanisturi Rirebulebebis da idealis tragikul 

ganwirulebas. poemis personaJTa Soris yvelaze mravalferovani 

emociebis aRmZvreli aRazas saxea _ es 

aris aramarto simpaTia da aRtaceba, aramed mwvave sibraluli 

da dananebac. aRazas bunebas da xvedrs ireklavs 

ufskrulis piras amosuli pirimzis xati _ cxovrebis 

sisastike ganadgurebiT emuqreba faqiz adamianurobas, 

keTilSobil, mSvenier adamianur grZnobebs 

da miswrafebebs. 

Tu joyola da aRaza Zneli zneobrivi arCevanis winaSe 

dgebian, _ rogor moeqcnen kacs, romelsac maT 

umaspinZles, is ki maTi uaxloesi adamianis mkvleli gamodga, 

zviadauris winaSe martivi arCevania _ gardauvali 

sikvdilis pirispir simtkicis SenarCuneba an sulieri 

dacema. realurad aseTi alternativa zviadaurisTvis 

arc arsebobs. imisTvis, rom saSualeba ar misces 

Tavis mtrebs aramarto fizikurad, aramed sulieradac 

moklan, mas mxolod is Wirdeba, iyos vinc aris _ 

Zlieri, uSiSari, mtris moZule meomari. SesaZloa, 

zviadaurs Sinagani Zala da gamZleoba Semata joyolas 

Tavganwirulma erTgulebam mis mimarT; sxva rom araferi 

iyos, igi joyolas ver CamorCeba vaJkacobaSi, mis 

TvalSi ver Seircxvens Tavs. zviadauris saxe yvelaze 

ufro heroikulia da yvelaze naklebad tragikulia 

nawarmoebSi. 

zviadauris sikvdilis epizodSi ufro rTulad 

gamoikveTeba masis saxe, romelic joyolas ojaxze Tavdasxmisas 

erTmniSvnelovnad warmoCndeba rogorc agresiuli, 

SurisZiebis JiniT Sepyrobili brbo. zviadauris 

msxverplad Sewirvis scenaSi vlindeba, rom 

qistTa TemisTvis mtris siZulvili, mterze SurisZieba 

uzenaesi da Seuvali religiur- eTikuri kanonia (`magram 

mters mtrulad moeqe, TviTon ufalma brZanao~) da 

82

misi SeuTavsebloba humanur principebTan Seadgens 

kidec nawarmoebis gamouval, tragikul konfliqts. 

am scenaSi masa agresiis da SurismaZieblobis garda 

mtris vaJkacobis dafasebis da Tavisi qmedebis gamo 

sinanulis gancdis unarsac avlens. magram igi advilad 

ixSobs keTilSobil impulsebs imiT, rom sakuTar TavSi 

kvlav mtris siZulvils aRvivebs _ vaJa xedavs, rom 

masas zneobrivi ganwmenda da gardaqmna, sindisis karnaxiT 

arseboba ar SeuZlia; es SeuZlia mxolod avtonomiur 

pirovnebas; xolo masa amgvar pirovnebaTa zegavlenis 

wyalobiT Tu ganicdis sasikeTo zneobriv 

cvlilebas. zviadauris mokvlis epizodi cxadyofs didi, 

destruqciuli fizikuri da fsiqikuri ZaliT aR- 

Wurvili masis uZlurebas Rirseuli pirovnebis winaSe. 

Rrma pirovnebaTaSorisi Tanaziarobis da erTguli 

solidarobis umaRles faseulobad dasaxva `stumarmaspinZels~ 

genetikurad `vefxistyaosanTan~ akavSirebs. 

`stumar-maspinZelSi~, iseve rogorc rusTavelis 

poemaSi, eTnikuri gansxvavebuloba xels ar uSlis adamianebs, 

swrafad gadalaxon siucxove imis wyalobiT, 

rom erTbaSad grZnoben sulier naTesaobas erTmaneT- 

Tan da erTmaneTisTvis Seucvlelad Zvirfasebi xdebian. 

`stumar-maspinZelSi~ tragikuli kuTxiT gardatexili, 

amqveynad ganuxorcielebeli saxiT warmodgeba 

adamianTa sayovelTao, universaluri solidarobis da 

siyvarulis ideali, romelic `vefxistyaosanSi~ xorc- 

Sesxmul da Zlevamosil realobad gvevlineba. 

2005 

83

gamaerTianebeli tanjva 

adamianis sulieri feriscvaleba, romelic vaJafSavelas 

àluda qeTelaurSia~ warmosaxuli, ucnauria 

Tavisi radikalurobiT _ gamocdili, mravali 

mtris momkvleli meomari, mtruli eTnosis da sarwmunoebis 

mimarT fanatikuri siZulviliT da zizRiT 

gaJRenTili kaci morigi mxedruli faTerakis Semdeg 

ucabedad imsWvaleba adamianTa modgmis erTianobis 

SegnebiT da universaluri religiurobiT; SeiZagebs 

cxovrebis agresiul wess, sisastikes, sisxlisRvras, 

rac manamde aramarto sruliad bunebrivi iyo misTvis, 

aramed siqveledac eTvleboda, da mkacri tradiciebiT, 

dogmebiT Semosaltuli, erTsaxovani sazogadoebis 

organuli elementi damoukidebel, humanur pirovnebad 

gardaiqmneba... 

da mainc, ucnaurobis miuxedavad aludas feriscvaleba 

mTlianad damajerebelia. rogor miiRweva es? 

raRac xdeba araCveulebrivi, rac aludas cnobierebas 

ise Secvlis, rom maszec SeiZleba iTqvas `gvelis mWamelSi~ 

mindias Sesaxeb naTqvami: àxalad suli Caedga, 

axalad xorci aesxa, gulis xedva da Tvalebis, rogorc 

yrus da brmas gaexsna~. raRac gansakuTrebuli impulsia 

aucilebeli imisTvis, rom mkvlels mokluli _ 

ùrjulo~, TiTqmis araadamiani _ ise Zlierad Seebralos 

da Seuyvardes, rom `Tavis lamaz Zmad~ miiCnios 

igi. 

aludas metamorfozis Ziri is aris, rac man mucal- 

Tan orTabrZolisas igrZno. mkvlevarebi xazs usvamen 

imas, rom aluda moxibla mucalis vaJkacobam da ase 

dainaxa mterSi adamiani, Tavisi msgavsi. mucalis vaJkacoba 

marTlac did STabeWdilebas axdens aludaze, magram 

es ar unda iyos aludas Sinagani gardaqmnis mTavari 

stimuli. 

imis garda, rom aluda da mucali erTnairad Zlieri, 

uSiSari da Seupovari mebrZolebi arian, isini erTnair 

Seurigeblobas da mZulvarebas iCenen mowinaaRmdegis 

sarwmunoebis mimarT. am niSniT maTi paradoqsu- 

84

li msgavseba imdenad srulia, rom TiTqos erTmaneTis 

oreulebad aqcevs mtrebs. orTabrZolis paralelurad 

mimdinare sityvier duelSi maTi replikebi absoluturad 

urTierTmsgavsia. yvelaze metad am replikebs 

amsgavsebs mimarTva `rjul-ZaRlo~ _ aluda da 

mucali erTi da imave sityviT gamoxataven erTnair, 

Seuwynarebel da zizRian damokidebulebas mtris religiisadmi. 

es saSineli sityva tyviasaviT zuzunebs da 

tyviebis moZraobas sdevs Tan. 

`... _ ara gWirsaa, rjul-ZaRlo?! _ mucali eubneboda. 

_ nu ggonav, mWirdes, rjul-ZaRlo, ymasa gudanis 

jvrisasa... _ ar mogxvdaua, rjul-ZaRlo? _ isev 

eZaxis imasa. _ mucals ara sWirs, rjul-ZaRlo, namtvrevs 

maSlida kldisasa...~. 

mucalTan orTabrZolis Semdeg aludas msoflxedvaSi 

momxdari gardatexis Sinaarss upirvelesad imis 

Secnoba Seadgens, rom adamianebis gamijvna _ rjulianebad 

da urjuloebad, RmerTis madliT mosilebad da 

RmerTisgan moZulebulebad, srulfasovnebad da arasrulfasovnebad 

_ arasworia. da aluda am daskvnas 

akeTebs imis safuZvelzec, rom misi da mucalis damokidebuleba 

erTamaneTis religiisadmi savsebiT msgavsia, 

erTnaiaria: mucali iseve sastikad icavs Tavisi 

sarwmunoebis upiratesobas da Zuls mtris religia, 

rogorc aluda icavs Tavis erTaderT WeSmarit rjuls 

da Zuls mucalis religia; mtrebis poziciaTa es absurduli 

msgavseba, erTgvarobaa samyarosTan aseTi mimarTebis 

sisworeSi damaeWvebeli, misi Semaryeveli. 

SatilSi dabrunebuli aluda xevsurebs mouTxrobs 

mucalTan brZolis ambavs da misTvis mtkivneuli gasaxsenebelia, 

rom mucali Tavisi sicocxlis ukanasknel 

wamsac rjuls uginebda mas: `suls ar aclida amosvlas, 

kidev mixsena rjulia~. aluda TavisTavs cnobs mucal- 

Si, Tavis mcdar TvalTaxedvas cnobs mucalis TvalTaxedvaSi 

_ man xom TviTonac araerTxel zustad aseve 

augad uxsena rjuli mucals. amitom mosdevs uSualod 

amas dakanonebul TvalsazrisSi Rrma daeWvebis da 

amasTanave axali mrwamsis konturis gamomkveTi aludas 

85

gansja: `Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena varT, martoT Cven 

gvzrdian dedani; Cvena vscxondebiT, urjuloT kuprSi 

mielis qSenani. amis TqmiT vwaramaraobT, RvTisSvilT 

ukeTes ician. yvelani marTals amboben, gana vinaca 

hfician?!~. 

aqeTken aludas cnobierebas, upirvelesad ki qvecnobierebas 

kidev ufro mZlavrad warmarTavs agreTve 

sxva ram, rac mucalTan orTabrZolisas ixila da ganicada. 

es aris mucalis agonia. 

literaturismcodneebs SemCneuli aqvT am momentis 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelovneba (Tamaz Cxenkeli, 

guram asaTiani). es mniSvnelovneba dasturdeba imiT, 

rom aluda Tavidan ver icilebs mogonebas mucalis 

sikvdilis Sesaxeb _ igi dramatulad gaxmiandeba aludas 

saubarSi xevsurebTan, mtkivneulad amotivtivdeba 

aludas sizmarSi. 

riT aris es momenti sagangebo mniSvnelobis mqone, 

rogor aZlevs impulss aludas feriscvalebas? 

`mucals ar swadis sikvdili, fers ara hkargavs 

mglisasa. mahglejs, daifevs wylulSia mwvanes balaxsa 

mTisasa~. 

ai, es suraTi axsendeba xolme Semdeg aludas _ is 

dauviwyaria imis gamo, rom saSineli sicxadiT aCens sicocxlis 

umZafres wyurvils, nebas da sikvdilis aseve 

umZafres arndomas, sastik sasikvdilo tanjvas. mucalis 

uCveulo, sasowarkveTili Jesti _ balaxis mogleja 

da WrilobaSi Cafena _ sulisSemZvrelia, masSi erTbaSad 

xdeba xiluli sicocxlesTan ganSorebis tkivilis 

ganuzomeli siRrme. da es araCveulebrivad metyveli, 

tragikuli Jesti daanaxebs da agrZnobinebs 

aludas, _ pirvelad mis cxovrebaSi _ ra sazarelia 

sikvdili, sicocxlesTan gayra. amitom igi igrZnobs 

imasac, ra saSinelebaa sicocxle waarTva sxva adamians, 

iyo mkvleli. xolo yovelive es miTufro mkveTrad 

ganicdeba aludas mier, rom kvdeba masaviT Zlieri adamiani, 

gamorCeuli meomari. 

swored am mZime STabeWdilebiT aris siRrmiseulad 

motivirebuli, masTan kavSirSia bunebrivi da gasagebi 

86

aludas Sinagani metamorfozis iseTi arsebiTi mxare, 

rogoricaa kaciskvlis, sisxlisRvris SezizReba. 

mtrobaze, agresiaze, sisxlian SurisZiebaze damyarebuli 

cxovrebisadmi aludas zizRi mJRavndeba mis koSmarul 

xilvebSi da sizmarSi. mucalis mokvlis Semdeg 

Satilisken mimaval aludas adamianebis agresiuli arseboba 

ase warmoesaxeba: `visac mteroba moswyurdes, 

gaaRos saxlis karia, sisxl daigubos keraSi, TviTonac 

Sigve mdgaria. Rvinodac imas dahlevdes, puradac mosaxmaria. 

pirjvari daiwerodis, miTam saydarSi aria. 

sisxlSia hqondes qorwili, iq daiweros jvaria, daipatiJos 

stumrebi, daamwkriodis jaria, sisxlSi daigos 

logini, gverds daiwvinos calia, bevri iyolos Svilebi, 

bevri vaJi da qalia. iqve saflavi gaTxaros, iq 

daimarxos mkvdaria. Sen ro sxva mahkla, Senc mogkvlen, 

mkvlels ar SaarCens gvaria!~. 

aseTia uwinaresad TviT aludas cxovreba, agreTve 

misi yvelaze mosalodneli dasasruli da amaze mas 

mucalis mokvlis Semdeg exileba Tvali. es Semzaravi 

xilvebi bunebrivad aRmocendeba im kacis qvecnobierebaSi, 

vinc axlaxan mokla sxva kaci, sicocxlesTan gan- 

Sorebis tanjvis mowme gaxda da SeaZrwuna mkvlelobis 

codvam. aludas koSmari am mwvave gancdebis uSualo 

anareklia. 

sizmarSi ki aludas, romelic kvlav salaSqrod wasvlas, 

anu sisxlisRvris, kaciskvlis gagrZelebas apirebs, 

TavisTavi adamianis xorcis mWamelad evlineba; 

kaciskvla esaxeba mas kaciWamiobad da es dakavSirebulia 

mucalis mokvlis, misi agoniis saSinel xsovnas- 

Tan. èrT wams xel vinam damtaca, tari Camidva xanjrisa. 

Savxeden, mucali iyo, tanT ecva jaWvi rvalisa, 

gulzed emCniva niSani me-d imis brZolis wamisa, efina 

natyviarSia lega safevi brZamisa. klded idga, gautexlada, 

creml ar Camosdis Tvalisa. minda sikvdili, ar 

vkvdebi, mamkalo, miTxra xvewniTa. Tqven dagrCeT wuTisofeli, 

me ki wavide qveyniTa, daZeRiT, xevsurT Svilebo, 

laSqrobiT, xmlebis qneviTa~. 

87

mucali sizmarSi Cndeba im saxiT, romelic aludas 

zaravs _ WrilobaSi Cafenili balaxiT, rac kidev erTxel 

agrZnobinebs aludas, rom igi mucalisTvis sasikvdilo 

tanjvis mimyenebelia, misi sicocxlis momspobia. 

es grZnoba autaneli simZimiT Trgunavs aludas: mucali 

mas xelSi xanjals udebs da rogorc gawafuli da 

sisxlmowyurebuli mkvlelisgan, sikvdils iTxovs 

misgan (aq, albaT, momakvdavi mucalis mier aludasTvis 

Tofis datovebaa gardatexili). ase rom, sizmarSi 

aludam xelmeored unda Caidinos is, rac ase awamebs, 

xelaxla unda moklas mucali, romlis agonia, sulTmobrZaobis 

tanjva TiTqos usasrulod grZeldeba, 

aRar mTavrdeba (`minda sikvdili, ar vkvdebi~). aq reliefurad 

Cans, ra Rrma tkiviliT ganicada aludam mucalis 

agonia, rogor awuxebs, rom mucalisTvis sicocxlis 

wamrTmevia. 

sizmarSi nanaxi mucali arsebiTad gansxvavdeba 

namdvilisgan. realobaSi `mucals ar swadis sikvdili~, 

simwriT, tanjviT ebRauWeba sicocxles da momakvdavic 

agrZelebs brZolas, sizmarSi ki igi TviTon eZebs sikvdils, 

raTa sxvebs (xevsurebs) dautovos es samyaro _ 

sisxlisRvris asparezi. aludas sizmarSi momxdari mucalis 

gardasaxvis es zedmiwevniT zusti kontrastuloba 

realobis mimarT imas mowmobs, rom orTabrZolisas 

aluda gulistkiviliT amCnevs momakvdavi mowinaaRmdegis 

mier sicocxlis mZlavri nebis gamovlenas, 

sikvdilisgan mis mZlavr ganzidvas. 

aluda aramarto TviTon ganicdis zneobriv kaTarziss, 

aramed mucalsac ufro akeTilSobilebs, amaRlebs. 

ar Rirs iseT sicocxleze gamwarebiT moWideba, 

iseT sicocxlesTan ganSorebis gamo tanjva, iseT sicocxleSi 

monawileoba, romlis arsic `laSqrobiT, 

xmlebis qneviT ZRomaa~, kaciWamiobaa _ aseTia mucalis 

sizmriseuli metamorfozis azri. mucali aq aludas 

oreulia, romelic mis idumal saTqmels ambobs, misi 

Sinasamyaros saukeTeso sawyiss _ sindiss ganasaxierebs. 

isini erTni arian, erT arsebas qmnian. ase axlobeli 

gaxada mucali aludasTvis misi sasikvdilo tanj- 

88

vis gaziarebam. es gaziarebuli tanjva TavisTavSive, 

Tavis arsebaSive aRmoaCeninebs aludas mcnebas àra kac 

hkla~, ganaSorebs mas kaciskvlis sazarel codvas. 

mucalTan aludas sulieri gamTlianeba sizmramdec, 

cxadSic mJRavndeba. aluda uambobs xevsurebs, 

rogor mokvda mucali: 

`...mkerdze nakravma tyviama gaunaZoZa gulia, natyviars 

brZamiT ifevda, isre dalia sulia~. 

didi tkivili, TanagrZnoba gamosWvivis aludas 

TxrobaSi. gansakuTrebiT sityva `gaunaZoZa~ aRiWurveba 

tkiviliani eqspresiiT. aluda Sinaganad ganicdis 

mucalis kvdomas, Sinaganad SeigrZnobs imas, rac ar 

SeiZleba fizikurad SeigrZnos an dainaxos _ rogor 

uglejs mucals tyvia guls. aludaze, rogorc Cans, 

mZafri emociuri zemoqmedeba moaxdina sasikvdilod 

daWrili mucalis ganwirulma SeZaxilmac: `gulSi 

mWirs, gulSi, rjul-ZaRlo~. es SeZaxili imasve gamoxatavs, 

rasac Wrilobidan sisxldenis Sekavebis sasowarkveTili 

cda _ sicocxlesTan gayris simwares. 

Sopenhaueris Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, TanagrZnoba, 

Tanalmoba yvela adamianis siRrmiseuli erTianobis 

intuituri wvdomaa; TanagrZnobis sazrisi imis uSualo 

ganWvretaa, rom sicocxlis neba, romlis Seferxeba da 

daTrgunva iwvevs tanjvas, adamianebSi erTiania, 

saerToa. 

sicocxlis wyurvili, neba da am nebis aRkveTis tanjva, 

romelic vlindeba mucalis sulisSemZrav agonia- 

Si, mucalis vaJkacobasTan erTad, agrZnobinebs aludas 

momakvdavTan Sinagan erTianobas, arsismier naTesaobas 

da msgavsebas. amis gamoa, rom mucalis sikvdilisTanave, 

TanagrZnobis cremliT misi datirebisas, 

aluda mas Tavis msgavs srulfasovan adamianad aRiarebs 

_ `vaJkaco, Cemgan moklulo, RmerTma gacxovnos 

mkvdaria~ _ da ar asrulebs mis mimarT marjvenis moWris 

uadamiano wess. ùrjulos~, `rjulZaRlis~ cxoneba 

swored imas niSnavs, rom isic iseTive RvTisSvilia, 

rogoric aluda, rom oriveni ekuTvnian adamianTa er- 

Tian modgmas, romelsac erTi RmerTi hyavs. Semdeg 

89

aluda am gumaniT nagrZnob, jer kidev mkafiod gaucnobierebel 

da ganuzogadebel WeSmaritebas ukve mkveTrad 

gaazrebuli da ganzogadebuli saxiT gamoTqvams 

xevsurebTan dialogSi (`Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena 

varT...~), xolo sabolood `Tavis lamaz Zmas~ uwodebs 

mucals; anu igi uaxloesi adamianiviT Seiyvarebs mters 

da SeZlebs Taviseburad Seasrulos gansakuTrebiT 

Znelad Sesasrulebeli qristianuli mcneba: `giyvardeT 

mterni Tqvenni~. 

sicocxlis neba da sikvdilis tkivili adamianTa 

uRrmesi, yvelaze universaluri Tvisebebia. vaJafSavela 

wers: `bunebas Tavisive kanoni aqvs kacTa cxovrebisaTvis 

damyarebuli... mTeli kacobrioba, Cveni 

planetis mcxovrebni, ramdenime modgmad ganiyofebian, 

xolo modgmani erebad. yovelive eri Sesdgeba adamianebisagan, 

romelnic ganirCevian isev erTierTmaneTisagan 

saxierebiT, gonebrivi da sulieri TvisebebiT. 

saerTo Tvisebac sufevs maT Soris, da ara marto erTi 

eris individebs, aramed mTels xmeleTis mcxovrebTac 

SegviZlian upovnoT saerTo ram, ai, Tundac, magali- 

Tad, siyvaruli sicocxlisa da mwuxareba sikvdilisa 

gamo...~. 

upirvelesad sicocxlis sayovelTao nebasTan da 

sikvdilis sayovelTao tragikulobasTan _ mTeli 

kacobriobisTvis saziaro fenomenebTan SexebiT aRmoa- 

Cens aluda ùrjulo~ mterSi adamians, aRmoaCens adamianTa 

erTianobas da yvelasTvis erT, qristianulad 

kacTmoyvare RmerTs, romlisTvisac eTnosis da 

konfesiis ganurCevlad yvela adamiani Zvirfasia. es 

aqcevs aludas Sinaganad Tavisufal, sulierad Rrma 

pirovnebad. 

90 

1996

sxva simarTle 

Tumca `baxtrioni~ vaJa-fSavelas erT-erT saukeTeso 

epikur nawarmoebadaa miCneuli da mas àluda 

qeTelauris~, `stumar-maspinZlis~, `gvelis mWamelis~ 

gverdiT ayeneben, mainc igi, Cveulebriv, izolirebulad, 

am poemebis arsebiTi da Rrma saTqmelisgan mowyvetilad 

aris xolme ganxiluli. rogorRac ise gamodis, 

rom raki poema patriotul grZnobas da ideas 

gamoxatavs, mis azrobriv wyobaSi saintereso bevri 

araferia. 

sinamdvileSi `baxtrionis~ azrobriv-mxatvruli 

koncefcia sakmaod rTulia da vaJas yvelaze mniSvnelovani 

poemebis koncefciaTa msgavsad dayrdnobilia 

iseT urTierTSepirispirebul zneobriv-msoflmxedvelobriv 

kategoriebze, rogoricaa daundobloba da 

sibraluli, sazogadoebrivi Tavdacvis, TviTSenarCunebis 

interesebi da moraluri ideali, humanizmi, masa 

da avtonomiuri pirovneba. oRond `baxtrionSi~, sxva 

poemebisgan gansxvavebiT, am sawyisebs Soris tragikuli 

kolizia ar warmoiSoba. maTi urTierTmimarTebis 

daZabuloba Serbilebuli da araTvalSisacemia Zlevamosili 

saerTo-saxalxo SekavSirebis monumentur suraTSi; 

magram Tumca winaaRmdegobebi Senelebulia, 

isini harmonizebuli ar aris. 

orgvarad warmodgeba `baxtrionSi~ masa. 

erTi mxriv, es aris zneobrivi mizniT gamTlianebuli 

xalxi. mas warmarTavs miswrafeba, ixnas qveyana da 

Tanamemamuleebi tanjvisgan, damcirebisgan, Tavisufleba 

da Rirseba daubrunos maT. vaJa qmnis adamianTa 

erTsulovnebiT aRvsebis, erTi keTilSobili vnebiT 

gamsWvalvis didebul, amaRlebul xats. 

xalxis mTavari gamamTlianebeli Zala religiurobaa 

_ Zalian intensiuri, RvTaebis didi siaxloviT ganmcdeli. 

es RvTaeba ganyenebuli da transcendenturi 

ki ar aris, aramed TiTqos am xalxis sxeulSi binadrobs 

da misi cocxali sulia, nebaa. es aris `nacionaluri 

91

RmerTi~, romelic idealuri meomris saxiT warmoidgineba 

da rogorc mfarveli da winamZRoli TiTqos xiluladac 

evlineba xalxs. am RvTaebasTan ziareba iwvevs 

saerTo enTuziazms da mkafio gamoxatulebas ani- 

Webs xalxis Sekrul nebas. axla es xalxi Tavganwirvis- 

Tvis mzadmyofia, individTa kerZo, viwro interesebi 

qreba da yvela zeindividualur, zneobrivad Rirebul 

mizanswrafvas emorCileba. rogorc masis fsiqologiis 

mkvlevarebi aRniSnaven, swored TavganwirvisTvis 

mzadyofna da individTa egoizmis daZleva warmoadgens 

masis pozitiur Tvisebas. aseT masas vaJa aRtacebuli 

TanagancdiT warmosaxavs. 

masobrivi religiuri eqstazis, xalxis zeaweuli 

erTsulovnebis warmoCenas mosdevs SesaniSnavi meditaciuri 

wiaRsvla. 

`netavi cecxli ciuri, visac ki gulSi hnTebia, jer 

ar gauqres, Tu gaqres, isivac amohgznebia! mkvdaria 

ugrZnobi kaci, usazarlesi mkvdarzeda, miT rome 

sicocxle udgas salis yinulis taxtzeda. ar ebraleba 

moyvasi, mis win ro acvan jvarzeda, ise mokvdeba, ver 

Sedges erT wams trfobisa mTazeda, Sors aris, metad 

Sors aris daSorebuli mazeda. WaobSi aris Cafluli, 

vicnob mowamluls xmazeda. sazarelia dadgoma ugrZnobelobis 

gzazeda!~. 

Tu es lirikuli monologi Tavisi dasawyisiT uSualod 

exmianeba mis win daxatul masis religiuri aRmafrenis 

suraTs, monologis momdevno monakveTSi Tavsdeba 

poemis problemuri centri, gamxelilia poemis 

mTavari Sinagani Tema _ sibraluli da Seubralebloba. 

epizodebi, romlebic moyveba am lirikul-meditaciur 

pasaJs, masSi moniSnul poemis siRrmiseul Temas 

ireklavs. 

masis ganwyobileba sruliad uecrad da moulodnelad 

icvleba. moulodnelobis STabeWdilebas isic aZlierebs, 

rom religiur enTuziazms erTvis xalxis aRfrTovaneba 

mTaTa vaJkacuri silamaziT, amayi mxedruli 

ieriT. da ai, masis aseTi amaRlebuli da wminda gan- 

92

wyoba ucbad imRvreva eWviT _ Tavisi bunebiT masa aramyari, 

swrafad cvalebadia. 

ase imitomac aris, rom igi advilad eqvemdebareba 

Cagonebas. xoSareulis mier kvirias gauCinarebis gamo 

gamoTqmuli eWvi erTbaSad gadaedeba mas da sul cota 

xnis win amaRlebulad ganwyobili xalxi moRalatis 

mxilebas iwyebs. e. kanetis SexedulebiT, `masis sicocxlis 

yvelaze mkveTrad SesamCnev niSnebs ganekuTvneba 

erTi ram, rasac devnis impulsi SeiZleba vuwodoT. 

igulisxmeba gansakuTrebuli agznebadoba, mrisxane ga- 

Rizianeba maT mimarT, vinc erTxel da samudamod cxaddeba 

mtrad~. ganusjelad da naCqarevad sdebs xalxi 

kvirias bralad moRalateobas, gamyidvelobas. `_ ra 

gaigeba, iqneba briyvma gagvyidos fulzeda, fici gatexos 

usircxvod, xeli aiRos rjulzeda, cocxlad dagvmarxos, 

TviTonve miwa gvayaros gulzeda~. msjavri, romelsac 

masa kvirias ganumzadebs, moraluri sikvdilis 

tolfasia. xdeba pirovnebis Rirsebis daundobeli 

xelyofa. 

am viTarebaSi adamianis damcveli luxumia. misi goniereba 

da gulisxmiereba mkveTr kontrasts qmnis masis 

impulsurobasTan da pirovnebis mimarT ugrZnoblobasTan. 

luxumisTvis amosavalia ara faqti, SemTxveva 

(kviria sadRac gaqra), aramed pirovnebis individualoba: 

`kacs magis metad ver icnobT, magis met ar gaqvT 

Snoeba?~. kvirias tragikul-winaswarmetyveluri, Rrma 

aRsarebiTi gancdiT moTxrobili sizmris gulisxmierad 

momsmens am adamianSi (romelsac Tavis gawirva aqvs 

ganzraxuli) eWvi ar unda Seeparos. sizmars yvelani ismenen, 

kvirias Sinagan bunebas ki mxolod luxumi wvdeba. 

luxumis TqmiT, aseTi sazizRari Ralati _ saku- 

Tari xalxis saomrad gamoyvana da mtris xafangSi Setyueba 

_ umagaliTo da daujerebelia, xalxma ki es warmoudgeneli 

ram advilad, yovelgvari safuZvlis gare- 

Se irwmuna da daunaneblad abralebs adamians saSineli 

danaSaulis Cadenas. luxumi arcxvens xalxs imis gamo, 

rom igi erTsulovnebis da eqstazis didebul Jams mdabali 

eWvebiT bRalavs, `diacebri WorebiT~ Seuracx- 

93

yofs bunebis sisaRes da sidiades. `rad ar gahxednebT, 

briyvebo, Cvenis samSoblos gorebsa?!~. 

luxumi xedavs, rom moRalatis Ziebis sarCuli SiSia 

(`Tavis fiqridgam SemkrTalTa exlav mogkidaT cxroeba?~), 

romelsac dabneuloba da arev-dareva mosdevs. 

luxumi ar dauSvebs movlenaTa aseT ganviTarebas, iseve 

iolad aqcevs xalxs Tavisi zegavlenis qveS, rogorc 

manamde _ xoSareuli. male xalxi acnobierebs, rom kviria 

tyuilubralod gaumetebia ase sastikad. `_ ara, 

tyuilad nu vityviT, codos nu videbT kisrada, mSvildze 

nu vagebT kvirias, nu vaTamaSebT israda!~. 

luxumis sasikeTo zegavlena rom ara, masa pirovnebis 

ulmobeli SerisxvisTvis, èrTxel da samudamod 

mtrad gamocxadebisTvis~ iyo momarTuli. luxumi 

SeaCerebs ùgrZnobelobis gzaze~ damdgar xalxs. 

ugrZnoblobis, Seubraleblobis Tema axlavs wiwolas 

ambavsac. brZolis velidan gaqceul wiwolas sazareli 

ZaliT atydeba Tavs sazogadoebis zizRi _ amieridan 

is moraluri da socialuri TvalsazrisiT araraobaa, 

sazogadoebisgan gariyulia. xalxis damokidebuleba 

mis mimarT Zalian mkacria, magram samarTliani. 

oRond simkacre ukve daundoblobad gvevlineba imis 

Semdeg, rac wiwola Tavs CamoixrCobs da gamoisyidis 

Tavis sisustes da Secodebas. bunebrivi da mosalodnelia, 

rom aman xalxis risxva daacxros, adamianebi 

ufro lmobieri gaxados. magram xalxis guls verc braleulis 

tanjuli sikvdili albobs da mis gvams igi 

ZaRlebs ugdebs sajijgnad. `Tasi daRvares xatSia, axlos 

miudges arvina, wiwolas danaSauli aweulia camdina, 

daamcro Cveni saxeli, mTels laSqars guli atkina. 

arc vin samares gauTxris, arc vin Seukravs kubosa, martom 

itiros dedama, cremli win daigubosa!~. wiwolas 

dedis moTqmaSic ufro sircxvili da Svilisadmi simkacrec 

ki igrZnoba, vidre Svilis sikvdilis simware, 

radgan is iZulebulia glovis drosac angariSi gauwios 

Temis Seuval ulmoblobas. am SemTxvevaSi Temis 

Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mas àr ebraleba moyvasi, 

mis win ro acvan jvarzeda~. erTaderTi kaci, romelic 

94

Sinaganad ar gaiziarebda xalxis gasastikebul damokidebulebas 

Tavisi Secodebis sikvdiliT gamomsyidveli 

adamianisadmi, luxumia, omis Semdeg gauCinarebuli. 

`baxtrionSi~ zustad, danawevrebulad aris gaazrebuli 

da warmoCenili, ris wyalobiT axerxeben mTielebi 

iranelebis batonobisgan kaxeTis daxsnas, ra ganapirobebs 

mTielTa sazogadoebis gansakuTrebul siZlieres. 

misi sawindari specifikuri da Temis monoliTad 

Semkvreli religiurobis garda aris mkveTri socialuri 

morali. igi, erTi mxriv, awesebs gmirebis da gmirobis 

kults, ganuzomeli didebiT ajildoebs mxedrul 

siqveles da Tavdadebas da amiT qmediT stimuls aZlevs 

individs, iyos iseTi da moiqces ise, rom ase Zvirad- 

Rirebuli socialuri aRiareba moipovos. meore mxriv, 

mTielTa socialuri morali moicavs umkacres sanqciebs 

individis mimarT socialuri movaleobis SeusruleblobisTvis 

autaneli zizRis, Sercxvenis da sazogadoebisgan 

mokveTis saxiT. es, rogorc davinaxeT, gulqvaobaSi 

da sisastikeSic SeiZleba gadaizardos, magram 

TavisTavad, `baxtrionis~ mixedviT, aucilebelia, radgan 

sazogadoebas TviTSenarCunebis Zalas matebs. 

mTielTa morali amkvidrebs SurisZiebis kanons, 

mtris mimarT gansakuTrebul, ulmobel siZulvils da 

Seurigeblobas. es Zalian mZafrad Cans sanaTas, lelas, 

kvirias saxeebSi. `baxtrionSi~ SurisZiebis Jini da 

mtris daundobeli siZulvili bunebrivi, adekvaturi 

emociuri pasuxia im uadamiano sisastikeze, romelsac 

iranelebi iCenen saqarTveloSi da romelic poemaSi sagangebod 

aris aqcentirebuli. Surisgebis es mwvave wadili 

da siZulvili sabrZolo energiis, Tavganwirvis 

unaris Semmatebelia. magaliTad, SurisZiebis wyurvili 

ubiZgebs Tavganwirvisken lelas, Tumca isic saTqmelia, 

rom es wyurvili Tavis mxriv aRiZvreba TanagrZnobiT 

axloblebis tanjvisadmi, xolo sanaTas SurisZiebis 

wyurvili _ TanagrZnobiT qarTvelebis mTeli 

mravalsaukunovani tanjva-wamebisadmi... 

95

mtrisadmi siZulvilis, zizRis, misTvis samagieros 

gadaxdis motivebi Tavs iyris da, SeiZleba iTqvas, garkveul 

ideologiad yalibdeba zezvas TvalsazrisSi. 

luxumTan misi paeqroba rogorc TviT mis, aseve 

luxumis bunebas arsobrivad avlens da sibralulis da 

Seubraleblobis problemasac yvelaze dramatulad 

wamoWris. 

zezva igonebs, rogor àcxes qadada~ lekebi da rogor 

mokveTa man erT leks Tavi. `_ Tavi gagorda miwaze, 

tuCebm dauwyo kapuni, ityodi, sarekelasa wisqvilze 

gaaqv rakuni. Sen Sagebrala urjulo, mogiwylianda 

Tvalebi... uTuod, saiT enaxve, mogafurTxebdnen qalebi. 

me ar mebralvis, luxumo, mounaTlavi arodis, magaT 

siwuntis naRveli yelSi duRiliT amodis. visac Cven ar 

vebralebiT, Cven SevibraloT risada? sikvdili Tvi- 

Ton ufalsa gauCenia mtrisada!~. 

upirvelesad yuradRebas iqcevs, rom zezvas metyvelebis 

yaida iseTia, TiTqos laparaki adamians ar exebodes. 

qadis cxoba, sarekelas rakuni wisqvilze _ lekebis 

mimarT naxmari es ironiuli gamoTqmebi imis ni- 

Sania, rom zezva mters adamianTa modgmis miRma warmoidgens, 

mteri misTvis usulo da knini sagnebis 

tolfardia. 

zezva tkbeba mtris damdablebiT da ganadgurebiT. 

mteri mas zoologiur zizRs gvris, mis cnobierebaSi 

amotvifrulia sazizRari, saZageli `mtris xati~. ùrjulosadmi~, 

`mounaTlavisadmi~, anu faqtobrivad araadamianisadmi 

damokidebuleba gamoricxavs raime humanur 

grZnobas, masze ar vrceldeba sibraluli, raki is 

TviTon Seubralebelia Cvendami. zezvas SefasebiT, 

luxumis mier mtris Sebraleba saZraxisi da samarcxvinoa, 

radgan mtrisTvis gankuTvnilia ara sibraluli, 

aramed mxolod sikvdili da es RmerTis nebaa _ mtrisadmi 

Seubralebloba, zezvas gagebiT, Seuvali religiur-moraluri 

mcnebaa. 

zezvas poziciis siswores adasturebs TviT cxovreba; 

mtris sisastike, misgan kaxeTis umowyalo akleba, 

ramac mTielebi erTad Seyara qveynis saSvelad, utyua- 

96

ad amtkicebs, rom zezva marTali iyo da aris; igi 

niSns ugebs luxums. aseT fonze luxumi arafers Tu verafers 

pasuxobs zezvas. magram misi dumili marto 

amiT ar aris gamowveuli da arc mxolod imiT, rom dampyroblebTan 

didi, gadamwyveti brZolis win humanizmis 

qadageba aSkara Seusabamobaa. mTavaria, rom Tavisi 

dumiliT luxumi aRiarebs zezvas poziciis praqtikul 

mizanSewonilobas _ zezvas sityva mtris siZulviliT 

da zizRiT muxtavs saomrad gamzadebul jars da amiT 

mis sabrZolo SemarTebas ganamtkicebs. 

baxtrionis aRebis da mtris Zlevis, samarTliani 

Surisgebis aRsrulebis suraTi swored zezvas suliskveTebiT 

ixateba, mtrisadmi sisastike, mtris Seubralebeli 

ganadgureba tkbobiT aris gancdili (àlaznisake 

wavida urjulos sisxlis Rvaria~; `gaswyvita Cvenma 

laSqarma mteri, uRmerTod dalia~; àivso TaTris 

ZvlebiTa im baxtrionis aria, cixe-galavnad egeba, ise 

gamravlda mkvdaria~...). 

TiTqos ukve yvelaferi gairkva, zezvas Tvalsazrisma 

udavo da sruli gamarjveba moipova, luxummac 

TiTqos uxmod cno mtris Sebralebis gaumarTlebloba, 

daeTanxma imas, rom misi acremleba mtris sikvdilis 

gamo samarcxvinoa. es motivi TiTqos savsebiT amoiwura 

da gaqra... 

magram poemis finali am moCvenebiTad martiv garkveulobas 

aqarwylebs da nawarmoebis konceptualur 

Sinaarss aRrmavebs, afaqizebs. 

poemis miTosuri finalis Sesaxeb damkvidrebulia 

Sexeduleba, rom gvelis mier momakvdavi luxumis gadarCenis 

mxatvruli mniSvneloba patriotuli Tavdadebis 

ideis gandidebaa. es idea aq uTuod unda vigulisxmoT, 

magram am saxis saTqmelis masze dayvana aRaribebs 

mis poetur sazriss da, Sesabamisad, mTlianad 

nawarmoebis sazrissac. 

finaluri pasaJi erTianad da TvalsaCinod aris dafuZnebuli 

Seubraleblobis da sibralulis siRrmiseul 

Temaze. 

97

vaJa aq warmosaxavs sibraluls rogorc universalur 

da saswaulmoqmed Zalas, romelic Zlevs TviT 

TiTqosda totalur borotebas. igi gvevlineba iseT 

idumal fenomenad, rogoradac mas Sopenhaueri axasia- 

Tebs. sastik mxecSi ucnaurad iRviZebs sibraluli, 

romelic mis mTel arsebas eufleba. `bevris codvebis 

moqmedsa gadaubrunda guneba, ra sibraluliT imsWvalvis 

misi gveluri buneba!~. 

am idumalebiT mocul aqts garkveuli motivireba 

mainc aqvs. TanagrZnobis pirveli impulsi monstrs 

uCndeba momakvdavi, sulTmobrZavi adamianis xilvisas, 

sasikvdilo tanjvis winaSe, romelSic ukiduresi simkveTriT 

vlindeba adamianebis da saerTod yvela cocxali 

arsebis Zireuli da tragikuli naTesaoba. amgvaradve 

aRiZvreba aludas sibraluli mucalisadmi, aRazas 

sibraluli zviadaurisadmi, TviT luxumis sibraluli 

mokluli lekisadmi; da momakvdavisadmi gaCenili 

gvelis sibralulic iseve gadmoiRvreba cremlebad, 

rogorc am gmirebis da, kerZod, luxumis aseTnairadve 

aRmocenebuli sibraluli (`Tan mkerds usvelebs mxedarsa 

cremlebis CamodeniTa~). 

ra Tqma unda, ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom gvelis saswaulebriv 

sibraluls iwvevs swored luxumi _ adamiani, 

romelic sibralulis uCveulo unars amJRavnebs. 

TiTqos miniSnebulic aris, rom gveli, adamianis fantaziis 

mier sibrZniT aRWurvili, Seicnobs luxumis bunebas, 

mis did sikeTes da es uRrmavebs TanagrZnobas 

(`zed daaSterda sneulsa Tavis gveluri saxiTa, dascqeris 

sulis mabrZolsa gulis mzaravis TvaliTa. dafiqrda 

gveli Zlierad, guli evseba braliTa~). Tumca 

asec rom ar iyos, mainc safiqrebelia _ luxums gvelis 

idumali TanagrZnoba ergo imitom, rom TviTon is 

TanagrZnobis araCveulebrivi niWiT aris aRsavse. 

magram mTavari is aris, rom gvelis sibraluli, 

iseve rogorc luxumis (aludas, aRazas) TanagrZnoba, 

mtrisken aris mimarTuli, mtrobis TiTqosda gauvali 

zRudis gamrRvevia. gveli, vaJas daxasiaTebiT, àdamis 

tomis mteria~, rac Zvel, cnobil kulturul tradici- 

98

as Seesatyviseba. gvelis arsebaSi ucnaurad gaRvivebuli 

sibraluli adamianis mimarT, anu misadmi mtruli 

modgmis warmomadgenlis mimarT ewinaaRmdegeba da 

problematurs xdis zezvas erTi SexedviT absoluturad 

urRvev logikas: `visac Cven ar vebralebiT, Cven 

SevibraloT risada? sikvdili TviTon ufalsa gauCenia 

mtrisada!~. 

`baxtrionis~ finali `stumar-maspinZlis~ dasasrulis 

msgavsia: orivegan cxovrebaSi gamjdar mtrobas, 

agresias, sisxlis wyurvils da sisastikes fantastikur-miTosur, 

idealur sferoSi gadaZalavs Tanagr- 

Znoba da solidaroba. 

saerTodac `baxtrionis~ koncefcias met naTels 

fens rogorc `stumar-maspinZlis~, aseve àluda qeTelauris~ 

azrobriv struqturasTan Sedareba. am poemeb- 

Si, rogorc aRniSnaven, ori simarTle Seetakeba tragikulad 

erTmaneTs _ sazogadoebis TviTSenarCunebis 

aucilebloba da pirovnebis universalur-humanisturi 

morali. mtrul garemocvaSi arsebuli, mudmivad saomar 

viTarebaSi myofi sazogadoeba, romelic `mtris 

xatis~ pirispir aris mobilizebuli, ver eTviseba zogadkacobriul 

zneobas, gamorCeul pirovnebaTa cnobierebaSi 

rom ibadeba. arsebiTad aludas da joyolas 

maTi sazogadoebebi swored `mtris xatis~ damsxvrevis 

cdas ar apatieben, ramdenadac mniSvnelovanwilad 

mtrisadmi rogorc araadamianisadmi zoologiur si- 

Zulvils da zizRs emyareba am sazogadoebaTa simkvidre 

(ori simarTle ibrZvis `gvelis mWamelSic~, magram aq 

mainc Taviseburi viTarebaa). 

cxadia, `stumar-maspinZelSi~ da àluda qeTelaur- 

Si~ tragikulad Sejaxebul, SeuTavsebel simarTleTagan 

avtoris simpaTia avtonomiuri pirovnebis morals 

ekuTvnis rogorc ufro maRali rangisas, rogorc 

srulfasovans. 

`baxtrionSi~, am nawarmoebTagan gansxvavebiT, vaJa 

uSualod aCvenebs sazogadoebis TviTSenarCunebisTvis 

gamiznuli, SezRuduli da ulmoblobamde mkacri moralis 

efeqtianobas. dampyroblebze mopovebul gamar- 

99

jvebaSi misi wili arsebiTia. amitom ufro maRali da 

farTo, ufro faqizi zneobrioba ukan ixevs `mtris 

xatze~ damyarebuli moralis winaSe da maTi konfliqturi 

Sejaxeba ar xdeba. magram `baxtrionSic~, rogorc 

sxva poemebSi, avtonomiuri pirovnebis es universaluri 

da faqizi zneobrioba vaJasTvis mainc Rirebulebrivad 

uzenaesia. vaJas Rrma sulieri wyurvilis daokeba 

mxolod mas SeuZlia. 

`baxtrionis~ avtors aRafrTovanebs qarTvelebis 

mier sastiki mtris damarcxeba, magram kidev ufro meti 

faseuloba mis TvalSi TanagrZnobis, humanizmis mier 

sisastikis da mtrobis damarcxebas aqvs. 

100 

1995

`gvelis mWameli~ _ 

`mowiweba sicocxlis mimarT~ 

`gvelis mWamelis~ mTavari gmiri bunebis enas eufleba, 

bunebis idumal Sinagan arsebobas wvdeba. ras xedavs 

mindia bunebaSi, ras eubneba buneba Tavisi eniT, 

rogoria bunebis arsi, romelsac mindia ganWvrets _ am 

kiTxvebis dausmelad da maTze pasuxis gaucemlad nebiT 

Tu uneblieT mindias sibrZnes daviyvanT imis mixvedris 

unarze, romeli mcenare risi wamalia da a. S., 

anu daviyvanT grZneulebaze. sinamdvileSi es sibrZne 

ufro Rrmaa da grZneuleba mxolod misi garsia. 

mindia upirveles yovlisa imas igebs, rom bunebaSic 

arsebula sixaruli da tanjva, iseve rogorc adamianebis 

cxovrebaSi. èsmis dReidan yoveli, rasac frinvelni 

galoben, an mcenareni, cxovelni rodis ilxenen, 

wvaloben~. mindia xdeba bunebis sixarulis da tanjvis 

Tanaganmcdeli, amitom mis sibrZnes didi sixarulic 

axlavs da didi mwuxarebac. is mindias bednierebasac 

agrZnobinebs da yofierebis tragizmsac. 

ra badebs, bunebaSi, kerZod, tanjvas, saidan warmodgeba 

igi? 

bunebaSi tanjvis gamomwvevia sikvdilis SiSi, sicocxlis 

gaqrobis winaSe Zrwola. mindias mTavari aRmoCena 

is aris, rom yvelafers, rac bunebaSi arsebobs, 

adamianis msgavsad surs sicocxle da zaravs sicocxlesTan 

ganSoreba. roca mindia xeebis moWras daapirebs, 

isini tirils, Civils iwyeben; xe, romelsac mindia 

culs Semokravs, emudareba mas: `nu momklav, Cemo 

mindiav, nu damibneleb mzesao~. 

oRond aq jer kidev ar Cans, rom mindias mier bunebaSi 

sikvdilis winaSe Zrwolis aRmoCenas avtori sagangebo 

interesis da fiqris sagnad aqcevs, gansakuTrebul, 

konceptualur mniSvnelobas aniWebs. es cxadi 

xdeba sxvagan, nawarmoebis erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan 

da dramatul pasaJSi, sadac Temis da mindias konfliqtis 

ukiduresi gamwvavebaa naCvenebi: mindias Tvistomebi 

mis mier mcenareTa da cxovelTa mospobis cod- 

101

vad Seracxvas gaumarTleblad, Tavisi arsebobisTvis 

mavned miiCneven da bunebis saidumlos wvdomis mindiaseul 

unars sulac cru gamonagonad acxadeben. axla 

unda gamoirkves, marTla SeuZlia Tu ara mindias bunebis 

Sinacxovrebis gageba da sworia Tu ara misi Tvalsazrisi, 

rom mcenareebis da cxovelebis xocvaze adamianebma 

xeli unda aiRon. mindia amtkicebs Tavis simarTles 

_ ara msjelobiT, Teoriuli argumentebiT, 

aramed bunebis siRrmeSi wvdomis unaris uSualo 

gamovleniT. 

mindia raRacas daJinebiT uyurebs da tiris. SekiTxvaze, 

ra atirebs, is pasuxobs: `_ ager im Citebs yurs 

vugdeb, _ TiTiT uCvena Citebze (orni frTebCamoSvebulni 

ifnis qveS isxdnen sipebze), _ erTi meores uambobs 

sikvdilis ambavs Svilebze; marcxniT mjdomare 

dedaa, marjvniske _ ambis mTxrobeli. Tqvens mters, 

rom gulmoklulada Svilebsa tiris mSobeli~. Citebs 

exla-Ra Sescqeris xevsurTa kreba srulia, CitTagan 

erTi im drosa, TiTqos mohsvlodes rulia, sipidan 

dabla daeca da ganuteva sulia. romeli mokvda orTagan, 

amis gageba rjulia!~. 

kritikul situaciaSi, roca mindias sibrZne eWvqveS 

aris dayenebuli, mkveTrad gamJRavndeba am sibrZnis 

arsi _ bunebis qmnilebebisTvis sikvdili, sikvdilis 

elda aranakleb SemaZrwunebelia, vidre adamianebis- 

Tvis; buneba amiT adamians enaTesaveba. magaliTad, bunebaSic 

arsebobs imis msgavsi ram, rac adamianur samyaroSi 

dedaSviluri grZnobaa, Svilis sikvdiliT gamowveuli 

gamanadgurebeli tkivilia. 

raki TemisTvis aSkara gaxda mindias sibrZne da 

xalxma TvalnaTliv dainaxa, rom sikvdilis saSinelebas 

bunebis qmnilebebi adamianTa msgavsad da, SesaZloa, 

kidev ufro mZafradac ganicdian, amas TiTqos unda 

moyves Temis mxridanac mcenareTa da cxovelTa mospobaze 

xelis aReba _ ar SeiZleba mokla is, visac SensaviT 

surs sicocxle da SensaviT aSfoTebs sikvdili. 

magram ase ar xdeba. `darwmundnen imis codnaSi, saqme 

win edva yvelasa, magram nagrZnobsa guliTa gonebiT 

102

hSvelen verasa: balaxsac sTiben, nadirs hkvlen, SeSiT 

anTeben kerasa. qaTmis xorcs ra SeaZulebs, Tqvenve 

miTxariT, melasa?!~. 

imas, rom mindias sibrZnis arss bunebis gammsWvalavi 

sicocxlis nebis da sikvdilis SiSis wvdoma Seadgens, 

isic mowmobs, Tu rogor kargavs igi naTelxilvis 

unars: roca mindia Ralatobs Tavisi grZnobismieri, intuituri 

codnis arsidan uSualod gamomdinare princips 

_ cocxal arsebaTa arkvlis princips, anu roca 

mas aRar surs yuradiRos is, rasac bunebis qmnilebebi 

eubnebian, _ rogor surT sicocxle da rogor aSinebT 

sikvdili _ buneba munjdeba misTvis. 

nawarmoebSi yvelgan, sadac konkretulad gamoisaxeba 

buneba, sicocxlis neba da sikvdilis SiSi misi 

Zireuli Tvisebebia. asea epizodSic, sadac naCvenebia 

ucnauri ram _ rogor eqstazurad mkis mindia yanas 

imis miuxedavad, rom man TavisTavs aRukveTa cocxal 

arsebaTa kvla. es paradoqsi imiT aixsneba, rom puris 

TavTavebs aSinebT aramarto sikvdili saerTod, aramed 

kidev ufro metad uazro sikvdili rogorc fuWi arsebobis 

dasasruli. mindia aseTi sikvdilisgan ixsnis, 

axal sicocxles aniWebs maT, _ aniWebs imas, rac wyuriaT 

_ ramdenadac SesaZleblobas aZlevs emsaxuron 

sicocxlis gagrZelebas da gaZlierebas, ukvalod da 

unayofod ar gaqrnen. àra, me momWer, mindiav, nu mtoveb, 

Seni kvnesame!~ àra, me, _ sxva gaiZaxis, _ ufro ma- 

Sinebs zeca me. patara nislic rom vnaxo, CamoviSlebi 

taniTa, vai, Tu setyva movides, yeli gamomWras daniTa~. 

sxva ufroc hyviris: `nu mwirav, ixare Tavis janiTa!~ 

...yanasa setyva aSinebs, _ kacT usazrdood darCena, 

Torem viT namgals, setyvasa siT SeuZlia waxdena?! 

kacT sargod Tavsa hzogaven TavTavni oqrosferani, ar 

swadiT oxrad lpebodnen, hkenkavdnen yvavni, Zerani. 

mitom Cqaroben momkasa, erTad Jivian yvelani, hsurT 

purad iqcnen, saWmelad, rom miTi gaZRnen mSierni~. 

mindias mier danaxul bunebaSi zneobrivi sawyisi, 

zneobrivi grZnobebi da moTxovnilebebi vlindeba _ 

ara ubralod sikvdilis arndoma, aramed amaod daRup- 

103

vis SiSi, sxvaTa sicocxlis Svelis survili. rogorc 

mindia grZnobs bunebis tanjvas, sikvdilis winaSe Zrwolas, 

aseve bunebis qmnilebebi (yovel SemTxvevaSi, zogierTni) 

grZnoben adamianebis tanjvas, maTdami damuqrebul 

sikvdilis safrTxes. aramarto mindia TanaugrZnobs 

bunebas, aramed xdeba isec, rom bunebac TanaugrZnobs 

adamians, mzad aris Seewiros mas da amiT tanjva da 

sikvdili aaridos. is yvavilebi, mindias rom amcnoben, 

Tu ra sneulebebis samkurnalod gamodgebian, Tanaugr- 

Znoben adamianTa sasikvdilo tanjvas da sakuTari sicocxlis 

sisavses wiraven maTi sasicocxlo Zalis aRdgenas. 

`Turme zneda sWirT yvavilTa, oRond ewamlon 

sneulTa, sicocxliT gafufunebuls arad agdeben sxeulTa; 

salxinod hsaxven, kacT sargod, Zval-xorcTa CamorRveulTa~. 

yvavilebs ar aSinebT, piriqiT, Svebas 

gvriT aseTi sikvdili, romelic arsebiTad arc aris 

yofnis dasasruli, aramed sxva sicocxlea, axal sicocxled 

gardasaxva da sicocxlis nakadSi kvlav monawileobaa. 

yvavilTa survili, tanjvis da sikvdilisgan 

ixsnan adamianebi, igive sicocxlis nebaa, oRond 

zneobrivad gakeTilSobilebuli, romelsac SeuZlia 

sikvdilis tanjvis sxvebisTvis asaSoreblad uari 

Tqvas TavisTavze da sxvaTa sicocxlisTvis TavisSewirviT 

axali, ufro srulfasovani xorcSesxma moipovos. 

ase rom, bunebazec SeiZleba iTqvas is, rasac vaJa 

erT werilSi adamianze ambobs: `TiTqos kacs sicocxle 

yvelaze metad uyvars, magram rom xSirad sikvdilSi 

kaci sicocxles hpoulobs? bunebac amas albaT imitom 

Caadeninebs kacs, rom imisTvis sikvdili, rac kacs 

uyvars da ebraleba, igive sicocxlea~. 

mindia, rogorc vxedavT, bunebaSi aRmoaCens sicocxlis 

nebas da xaliss (gansakuTrebuli sisavsiT igi 

ixateba gazafxulis dadgomis suraTSi: `roca ki gazafxuldeba, 

gamoiRviZebs qveyana, silaRe, simxiarule 

daseirnoben yvelgana...~); aRmoaCens sicocxlis wyurvilisgan 

ganuyofel sikvdilis SiSs da arndomas, rac 

bunebas adamianTan anaTesavebs. am naTesaobis mxatvruli 

gamosaxva gaRrmavebuli da gamZafrebulia imiT, 

104

om bunebaSi warmoCndeba sicocxlis nebis da sikvdilis 

SiSis aramarto instinqturi gamovlinebebi, aramed 

am fenomenTa ufro rTuli, zneobrivi Sinaarsis 

Semcveli formebic. 

* * * 

vaJa-fSavelas prozaSi gamosaxuli bunebis samyaro 

arsebiTad mindiasTvis damaxasiaTebeli `gulis xedviT~ 

danaxuli da gagebuli samyaroa. is, Tu rogor 

aRiqvams bunebas mindia, gamokveTilia aramarto `gvelis 

mWamelSi~, aramed vaJas moTxrobebSic. iseve rogorc 

`gvelis mWamelSi~, vaJas prozaSic bunebis arsi 

sicocxlis wyurvili da sikvdilisgan ganzidvaa. am 

elementarul da amasTanave Zireul ZalTa warmoCena 

gansazRvravs upirveles yovlisa vaJa-fSavelas prozisTvis 

niSandobliv simartivis da siRrmis ucnaur 

Serwymas. 

vaJas moTxrobebSi bunebis qmnilebebi sicocxles 

ganicdian rogorc Zvirfas saCuqars, nazad da vnebianad 

arian Seyvarebuli sicocxleze da miT ufro Zlierad 

natroben xangrZliv arsebobas, rac ufro mwvaved 

grZnoben sikvdilis safrTxes, rac ufro eldisdamcemia 

maTTvis aryofnis SiSi. 

òh, adamianebo!.. ara hgrZnobT, rom Cvenc gviyvars 

Tavisufleba, ara hgrZnobT Tqvenis Seubralebelis 

guliT, rom Cvenc gviyvars sicocxle~ _ ambobs `Svlis 

nukris naambobis~ gmiri, romelic mudam SeSfoTebiT 

moelis sikvdils; `didxans sicocxles danatrebul~ 

ias SiSs gvris sikvdilis xilva; mTis wyaro sizmarSi 

TavisTavs damSrals xedavs _ masac sikvdili akrTobs; 

quCis vedrebaSic sicocxlis wyurvili da sikvdilis 

SiSia gamJRavnebuli: `mzeo, damxede, wvimav, damname! 

kldeo maRalo, Seinaxe Cemi fesvebi, sicocxles nu 

daukargav, nu amomTxri, nu amomagdeb!.. dambadebelo, 

Seminaxe unayofo kldezed dakidebuli quCi...~; aseve 

irems, `radgan cocxalia, uyvars sicocxle~, magram 

arasdros asvenebs sikvdilis safrTxe; klde Civis: 

105

`ramdenic meti momwydeba (lodebi) gulidan da Caileweba 

jurRmulSi, imdenad me sikvdils vuaxlovdebi, 

ukvdavebis motrfiale, msasoebeli mTeli Cemi arsebiT~; 

verxvi yurs ugdebs yvavilebs, romlebic `mudam- 

Jams sicocxleze saubrobdnen, mzesa da dedamiwas 

hlocavdnen da RmerTs evedrebodnen: `RmerTo, nu 

mogviReb male bolos, didxans gvacocxleo!~. aseTi magaliTebi 

moyvana kidev mravlad SeiZleba. 

vaJas prozaSi, `gvelis mWamelis~ msgavsad, bunebas 

zneobrivi ieri aqvs _ masSi Tavs iCens sikeTis uqmnelad, 

unayofod gaqrobis SiSi, sxvaTa sasikvdilo tanjvis 

Tanaziaroba, sxvaTa sicocxlis dacvis survili... 

vaJas moTxrobebSi, Cveulebriv, adamiani yrua bunebis 

enisadmi. adamianebs fiqradac ar mosdiT yuri miugdon 

bunebis enas da Cawvdnen imas, rac am eniT gamoiTqmeba. 

maT ubralod ver warmoudgeniaT, rom aseTi realoba 

arsebobs da amitom bunebis mimarT sastikebi, mo- 

Zaladeebi arian. erT moTxrobaSi xis fesvebi yvebian, 

rogor mospo `Seubralebelma~ kacma maTi Svili _ muxa. 

`...culiT dauwyo Wra; imas ar esmoda Cveni da Cveni 

Svilebis kvnesa. culs rom gvcemen, Cven vkvnesiT da 

Tqven ki, kacni, amas `rakuns~ eZaxiT. gadmogvdis sisxli 

da Tqven Cvens sisxls `xis wvens~ uwodebT...~. 

Tumca zogjer adamiani axerxebs Tvalaxelili da 

smenagaxsnili iyos bunebis mimarT, gaigos, Tavis enaze 

`Targmnos~ bunebis ena, vTqvaT, SaSvis an bulbulis galoba, 

kvlav sicocxlis siyvaruls da sikvdilis arndomas 

rom gamoxatavs (`bunebis mgosnebi~). 

vaJa-fSavelas erT komizmiT Seferil moTxrobaSi 

aRwerilia monadiris sizmari, romelSic igi da misi 

msxverpli rolebs ucvlian erTmaneTs. imisTvis, raTa 

igrZnos, Tu ra codvas Cadis, roca cxovelebs xocavs, 

ras niSnavs cocxali arsebis mokvla, monadirem TviTon 

unda gamocados sikvdilis saSineleba, TviTon unda 

ganicados, rogor ewameba sikvdilis winaSe myofi... 

sxva moTxrobaSi momakvdav frinvels Seibralebs da 

Seifarebs TviTonac sikvdils miaxloebuli, `didi 

tanjva-vaebis mnaxveli~, yvelaze sayvarel adamianTa 

106

sikvdilis gadamtani kaci... ase rom, adamianma imdenad 

SeiZleba igrZnos bunebis qmnilebebis sikvdilismieri 

tanjva, ramdenadac is TviTon gamocdis sikvdilis 

satanjvels. 

mindia swored aseTi mtkivneuli gamocdilebis mqone 

adamiania. 

gamoTqmulia azri, rom mindia qajebTan tyveobaSi 

tanjvis gamovliT moipovebs naTelxilvis unars. 

es saintereso azri Sevsebas moiTxovs _ tanjvagamovlili 

mindias mier mopovebuli naTelxilvis unari 

upirvelesad bunebis qmnilebaTa tanjvis gaziarebis 

unaria. bunebaSi tanjvis gamomwvevi ki, rogorc davinaxeT, 

sikvdilis saSinelebaa, risi wvdomac Seadgens 

mindias sibrZnis arsebiT Sinaarss. da nawarmoebSi warmoCenilia, 

rom am sibrZnes, bunebis sikvdilismieri 

tanjvis Tanagancdis niWs mindia iZens sikvdilTan uSualo 

SexebiT, SejaxebiT. 

literaturismcodneebs garkveuli aqvT, rom miTosuri 

TvalsazrisiT mindias tyveoba qajebTan niSnavs 

qvesknelSi, anu sikvdilis qveyanaSi yofnas, rac aucilebelia 

iniciaciisTvis, magiur codnasTan ziarebisTvis. 

unda vifiqroT, rom vaJa-fSavela miTosuri xatovanebiT, 

simbolikiT mindias Sinagan, sulier da zneobriv 

gamocdilebas gviCvenebs, romlidanac misi sibrZne iSva 

_ mindiam gamocada sikvdili, is sikvdilis Semcnobi 

kacia. 

magram qajebTan mindias tyveobis ambis gadmocemisas 

mwerali ufro konkretuladac aRbeWdavs Tavisi 

gmiris sikvdilTan Sexvedras, romelic saTaves aZlevs 

mis sibrZnes: dausrulebeli tyveobiT sasowarkveTili 

mindia Tavis mokvlas cdilobs da am mizniT gvelis 

xorcs Wams. bunebrivi iqneba Tu vigulisxmebT, rom 

TviTmkvlelobis cdisas Seicnobs mindia sikvdils, 

ukiduresi uSualobiT da sisruliT igrZnobs, ra aris 

sikvdili da ase iZens sibrZnes, romlis arsi imis ganWvretaa, 

rom amqveynad yoveli arseba sikvdilis saSinelebiT 

itanjeba da wyuria sicocxle _ vinc Rrmad 

icis sikvdili, man aseve icis sicocxlis nebis siZlie- 

107

e, sicocxlis siZvirfase... sikvdilis wvdoma aramarto 

sibrZnesTan ziarebis gzaa, aramed am sibrZnis Ziri- 

Tadi Sinaarsic. 

nawarmoebSi sikvdili da sibrZne faqtobrivad gaigivebulia. 

naTelmxilvelad qceulma mindiam `Seigno, 

Wama gvelisa qajTagan iyo zmaneba. sibrZne aCvenes 

gvelada, rom hzizReboda saWmelad~. amgvarad, avtors 

aqcentirebuli aqvs, rom gvelis Wama simboloa da am 

simbolos azri sibrZnesTan ziarebaa. simboluri mniSvnelobis 

mqone `zmanebis~ miRma ki realurad mxolod is 

Cans, rom mindia ìgemebs~ sikvdils, ramdenadac gvelis 

xorcis Wamas igi TviTmkvlelobis saSualebad miiCnevs 

da rom swored sikvdilis es Secnobaa sibrZne. 

sikvdilis pirispir myofi mindias Sinagani samyaro, 

qvecnobiereba SeiZreba da manamde Cveulebriv adamian- 

Si iRviZebs araCveulebrivad maxvili intuicia, umZafresi 

Tanagancdis unari, Zlieri, intensiuri warmosaxva. 

mas gaexsneba `gulis xedva~, romelic daanaxebs, rom 

sikvdili sazarelia yovelive cocxalisTvis da amitom 

bunebis mimarT Zaladoba rogorc mkvleloba unda 

aRikveTos. 

mindias _ ubralo xevsuris naTelmxilvelad qcevis 

ambavSi gamosWvivis vaJa-fSavelas yvelaze mniSvnelovan, 

mTavar nawarmoebTa fundamenturi, ganmeorebadi 

azrobriv-siuJeturi struqtura: sikvdilTan dramatuli 

Sexvedra siRrmiseulad avlens personaJTa bunebas 

an stimuls aZlevs maT pozitiur sulier-zneobriv 

feriscvalebas. gavixsenoT _ mucalTan samkvdrosasicocxlo 

orTabrZola, mucalis sikvdilis xilva da 

Rrma gancda, sikvdilis tragikulobis aRmoCena aZlevs 

biZgs aludas Sinagan metamorfozas; mTel Tavis pirovnul 

Rirsebas aCens joyola kritikul viTarebaSi, romelic 

mis axladSeZenil megobars aSkara sasikvdilo 

safrTxes uqmnis; zviadauris sikvdilis tkiviliani aRqma 

uCveulo sulier siRrmes, sifaqizes da siZlieres 

gamoamJRavnebinebs aRazas; luxumis agoniis Semxedvare 

urCxulis arsebaSi saswaulebrivi gardaqmna xdeba, 

Rrma sibraluli aRmocendeba; SedarebiT naklebmniSv- 

108

nelovan poemaSi `gogoTur da afSina~ sikvdilTan Sexvedris 

motivi reliefurad ar ikveTeba, magram misi monaxazi 

mainc SeimCneva _ gogoTurTan saxifaTo Setakebis 

Semdeg xdeba afSinas zneobrivi feriscvaleba. 

`gvelis mWamelSic~ vaJas poeturi eposis es myari 

da arsebiTi motivia xorcSesxmuli. 

* * * 

`gvelis mWamelSi~ miniSnebulia vaJa-fSavelas mxatvruli 

`bunebismetyvelebis~, bunebis vaJaseuli mxatvruli 

aRqmis da gansaxierebis saTave _ swored is, rom 

buneba adamianTa samyaros msgavsad aRsavsea sicocxlis 

nebiT da sikvdilis tkiviliT, edeba safuZvlad 

bunebis anTropomorful warmosaxvas, aqezebs vaJas 

fantazias, sxva adamianuri niSnebic Sematos bunebas... 

bunebas da adamians anaTesavebs agreTve enismqoneoba 

da es momentic bunebis anTropomorfuli warmosaxvis 

sayrdenad gvevlineba. `rac ki ram daubadia ufals 

sulier-usulo, _ yvelasac Turme ena aqvs, ara yofila 

urjulo~. enis, ufro sworad, enebis arseboba bunebaSi 

ar auqmebs sulierTa da usuloTa gansxvavebas, rogorc 

erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogveCvenos. aq arc is 

igulisxmeba, rom bunebis ena iseTivea, rogoric adamianis 

ena, rom es aris ena adamianuri enis mniSvnelobiT: 

poemaSi `mTaTa erToba~ buneba daxasiaTebulia rogorc 

ùen-piro~, anu rogorc swored adamianur enas 

da metyvelebis unars moklebuli. magram buneba metyvelia 

arapirdapiri azriT _ eqspresiulia, raRacis 

gamomTqmelia. bunebis qmnilebaTa Sinagani arsi garegnulad 

gamoixateba garkveuli ieriT, xatiT, moZraobiT, 

xmiT _ garkveuli niSnebiT. am niSnebis erTobliobaSi, 

anu Tavisebur enaSi ganfenilia bunebis sazrisi, 

neba, miswrafeba, sixaruli, tkivili da amis wyalobiT 

aris SesaZlebeli bunebis wvdoma-gageba _ hermenevtikis 

erT-erTi amosavali principi is aris, rom gagebis 

SesaZleblobas ena iZleva. vaJas SemoqmedebaSi bunebis 

109

enis adamianur enaze `Targmnis~ sistemuri cdaa ganxorcielebuli. 

vaJa-fSavelas TvalsazrisiT, bunebis enis da, Sesabamisad, 

bunebis saTqmelis gageba SeiZleba, Tu adamiani 

bunebasTan urTierTobas amyarebs siyvaruliT, TanagrZnobiT, 

gulisxmieri intuiciiT, gamZafrebuli 

warmosaxviT. roca asea, bunebac guls aRebs adamianis- 

Tvis, ndobiT axedebs mas Tavis Sinagan arsebobaSi. ma- 

Sin aRmoCndeba, rom buneba àra yofila urjulo~. 

bunebis am daxasiaTebaSi konceptualuri azria SekumSuli 

da mis naTelsayofad unda gaviTvaliswinoT, 

ra mniSvnelobis Semcvelia ùrjulos~ saxe vaJas SemoqmedebaSi: 

ùrjulo~ aris is, vis sicocxlis nebas da 

uflebas ar unda vaRiarebdeT, visi sasikvdilo tanjva 

ar unda gvaRelvebdes, vinc sruliad ucxoa CvenTvis, 

arafriT ar gvgavs da amdenad misi gageba ar SegviZlia 

da ar gvinda; anu ùrjulos~ mimarT ara gvaqvs da arc 

unda gvqondes eTikuri damokidebuleba rogorc RvTis 

da zneobis gareSe arsebulisadmi. amitom `gvelis mWamelis~ 

mTavari gmiris mier imis aRmoCena, rom buneba ar 

aris ùrjulo~, niSnavs _ bunebis mimarT unda damkvidrdes 

eTikuri damokidebuleba, Semwynarebloba, TanagrZnoba, 

araagresiuloba. mucalis Rirsebis da amas- 

Tanave misi sasikvdilo tanjvis da sicocxlisken 

swrafvis mxedveli aluda aseve aRmoaCens, rom igi àra 

yofila urjulo~ da eTikuri damokidebulebis Rirsia. 

bunebis vaJa-fSavelaseuli xedva da gaazreba, iseve 

rogorc vaJas Semoqmedeba saerTod, farTo kulturul-istoriul 

konteqstSi ganxilvas saWiroebs. amjerad 

mokled SeiZleba iTqvas, rom bunebis vaJaseuli 

xedva mniSvnelovanwilad Tanxvedrilia qristianul 

TvalsazrisTan, romlis mixedviTac pirveli adamianis 

codviTdacemis Semdeg bunebac dacemulia, sikvdils 

emoneba da amis gamo itanjeba, pavle mociqulis TqmiT, 

`gminavs da kvnesis~. is adamianTan erTad elis sikvdilisgan 

mxsnels... bunebisadmi mindias damokidebuleba 

gvagonebs induri religiuri azrovnebis princips 

àxinsas~, romelic gulisxmobs cocxal arsebaTa arkv- 

110

las, maTTvis zianis miuyeneblobas... vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebis 

analizi bevr aseT sakiTxs wamoWris da isini, 

cxadia, sagangebo Seswavlas moiTxovs. aq maTgan 

erTs SevexebiT. 

SeiniSneba arsebiTi msgavseba vaJa-fSavelas msoflmxedvelobas 

da albert Svaiceris filosofiur-eTikur 

koncefcias Soris. 

Svaiceri Tavis moZRvrebas uwodebs `mowiwebas sicocxlis 

mimarT~ da mis ZiriTad princips ase ayalibebs: 

`me var sicocxle, romelsac surs sicocxle sxva 

sicocxleTa Soris, romelTac CemsaviT surT sicocxle~. 

Svaiceri miiCnevs, rom yvelaze elementaruli da 

aSkara ram, rasac adamiani TavisTavSi da Tavis irgvliv 

awydeba, aris sicocxlis neba, romelic yvelaSi da yvelaferSi 

erTgvaria Tavisi arsiT. am ubralo da naTel 

WeSmaritebas unda daemyaros, Svaiceris azriT, eTika. 

`rogorc Cemi sicocxlis neba moicavs vnebian swrafvas 

sicocxlis gagrZelebisken... da SiSs sicocxlis nebis 

ganadgurebis da misi idumali damdablebis winaSe, romelsac, 

Cveulebriv, tkivils uwodeben, aseve damaxasiaTebelia 

es momentebi sicocxlis nebisTvis, romelic 

Cems garSemo arsebobs, imis miuxedavad, gamoiTqmeba es 

neba Tu munji rCeba. amdenad eTikuria is, rom me Tanabari 

mowiwebiT vekidebi rogorc Cems sicocxlis nebas, 

aseve nebismier sxva sicocxlis nebas. swored es aris 

zneobis mTavari principi. sikeTe aris is, rac emsaxureba 

sicocxlis SenarCunebas da ganviTarebas, boroteba 

_ rac anadgurebs an aferxebs sicocxles~. es eTika 

ar ifargleba adamianTa samyaroTi, bunebazec 

vrceldeba _ adamiani WeSmaritad zneobrivia mxolod 

maSin, roca mowiwebiT aRiqvams da ufrTxildeba TviT 

yvelaze patara, TiTqosda umniSvnelo, naklebRirebul 

sicocxles, Tavs ikavebs misi dazianebis da mospobisgan. 

vaJa-fSavelas mrwamssac zustad gamoxatavs formula 

`mowiweba sicocxlis mimarT~. is, rac Svaiceris moZ- 

Rvrebis fundaments warmoadgens, vaJasTvisac Zireuli 

WeSmaritebaa: `yvela da yvelaferi, sadac ki Tvali da 

yuri miuwvdeba adamians, gvelaparakeba Semdegs: me co- 

111

cxali var, cocxali da minda kvlav vicocxlo; sicocxle 

Cemi unda iyos dausrulebelio~. erTnairia vaJafSavelas 

da Svaiceris eTikuri Tvalsazrisic, romelic 

am pirveladi WeSmaritebidan aris amozrdili _ 

yoveli sicocxle gasafrTxilebelia. 

`gvelis mWamelis~ mTavari gmiris msgavsad albert 

Svaiceri mkurnali iyo, aramarto qadagebda `mowiwebas 

sicocxlis mimarT~, aramed praqtikuladac iRvwoda 

sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad da gasaZliereblad. igi 

misTvis ucnobi literaturuli personaJiviT cdilobda 

Seesustebina sicocxlis nebis Semborkavi da damTrgunveli 

agresiuloba, tkivili, sikvdili. 

112 

1997

daviT kldiaSvili 

igavi TavkerZobis Sesaxeb 

arsebobs nawarmoebebi, romlebSic mxolod literaturis 

istorikosTa sareanimacio procedurebis waylobiT 

bJutavs sicocxlis naperwkali. 

daviT kldiaSvilis `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~, 

cxadia, aseT procedurebs ar saWiroebs, igi droTa 

ganmavlobaSi bunebriv sicocxlisunarianobas ar kargavs. 

am sicocxlisunarianobis sawindris Sesaxeb kidev 

erTxel dafiqreba, albaT, zedmeti ar unda iyos. 

`samaniSvilis dedinacvalze~ msjelobisas tragikulis 

da komikuris cnebebi gamoiyeneba, oRond tragikuli 

gagebulia yoveldRiur-yofiTi azriT, ùbedurebis~ 

mniSvnelobiT. 

sinamdvileSi daviT kldiaSvilis moTxroba Seicavs 

tragikulis rogorc specifikuri esTetikuri kategoriis 

zogierT moments. 

is, rasac platon samaniSvili Seejaxeba, arsebiTad 

aris istoriuli kanonzomiereba, romelic xels moucaravs 

aznaurTa fenas, magram es daundobeli istoriuli 

aucilebloba movlenilia ara uSualod, aramed rogorc 

bediswera. 

bediswerasTan adamianis Sejaxebis motivi ki tragikuli 

motivia. man yvelaze sruli gamovlena pova berZnul 

tragediaSi, xolo gansakuTrebuli simkveTriT 

xorci Seisxa sofokles òidipos mefeSi~. 

aq bunebrivad Cndeba skeptikuri kiTxva _ ra SeiZleba 

hqondes saerTo kldiaSvilis uRimRamo personaJs 

didebulebiT mosil tragikul gmirebTan, romelTac 

amaRlebuli fiqri, zraxvebi da Rrma vnebaTaRelva 

gamoarCevT? 

tragikuli gmiris arsebiTi Tvisebaa is, rom igi, 

Seqspiris sityvebs Tu moviSveliebT, `mozRvavebul 

ubedurebasTan~ aris SebrZolebuli da rogori Rimi- 

113

lismomgvrelic unda iyos amis Tqma, platon samaniSvilic 

erTgvarad `mozRvavebul ubedurebas~ ebrZvis. 

tragikuli gmirisTvis damaxasiaTebelia agreTve, 

rom igi nebiT Tu uneblieT Tavad aRasrulebs gardauvals, 

sakuTari qmedebiT axorcielebs bedisweris mis- 

Tvisve mkacr ganaCens. tragikul personaJs platoni am 

niSniTac uaxlovdeba. 

platons Taviseburad yvelaferi zustad aqvs gaTvlili 

da dagegmili, magram mainc xdeba is, rac TiTqos 

yvelaze naklebad unda iyos mosalodneli, ris armosaxdenadac 

man amdeni iwvala; bedisweram platonis 

uneblie daxmarebiT Tavisi gaitana. 

bedisweris motivs daviT kldiaSvili Tavisi personaJebis 

yofiT-Cveulebriv saubarSi Tu fiqrSi `Seaparebs~: 

ègeba marTladac es qali mamamisis bedi unda 

iyos?! marTla ra aris, aba, rom Tavidanve am qals uxseneben 

da yoveli garemoeba ise ewyoba, rom usaTuod am 

qalis mxsenebeli xvdeba yvelgan, TiTqos gangeb piri 

SeekraT amaze!.. xom aravin icoda? mas xom erTi sityvac 

ar dascdenia Tavisi saidumlos Sesaxeb gverdevaniZes- 

Tan _ TviTon iman axsena da aqo es qali... qorwilidan 

saxlSi brundeboda, magram mainc aqeT wamovida... aq 

movida da, TiTqo gangeba iyos, es qvaSaviZe daxvda da 

imave qals urCevs da aZalebs!.. ras miaweros?.. ese umniSvnelod 

rava iqneba, rava xdeba es ambavi?! egeb 

marTla RmerTi aniSnebdes da gaWirvebuls daxmarebas 

aZlevdes, eweodes, saqmes uadvilebdes, bedze 

uTiTebdes!~. 

platonis Tavgadasavali bedisweris mier adamianis 

gamasxrebaa. bedis ironiis motivis wyalobiT `samaniSvilis 

dedinacvali~ warmodgeba aramarto konkretuli 

drois da garemos, konkretuli socialuri fenis warmomadgenelTa 

yofis amsaxvel suraTad, aramed igavadac 

adamianuri TavkerZobis da misi sasjelis Sesaxeb. 

ironiul-komikur igavad aqcevs `samaniSvilis dedinacvals~ 

is, rom tragikuli elementi aq Tanmimdevrulad 

iSleba. 

114

amgvari elementis Semcvel situaciaSi moqceulia 

`patara adamiani~, romelic tragikuli gmiris, `suldidi 

qmnilebis~ msgavsad raime sayovelTao faseulobas, 

princips ki ar amkvidrebs TavganwirviT, sakuTari 

kerZo, ubadruki miznis miRwevisTvis Tavis damamcireblad 

codvilobs. swored am egoisturi SezRudulobiT 

da uRirsobiT, Tavisi adamianuri da aznauruli 

Rirsebis gaTelviT imsaxurebs igi bedis dacinvas (TavkerZobis 

gamo bekinac isjeba). 

tragikuli motivi _ adamiani bedisweris pirispir 

_ xorcSesxmulia misTvis sruliad Seusabamo, damamdablebel, 

anekdotur fabulaSi _ Svili mamis maWanklobas 

kisrulobs, berw sadedinacvlos daeZebs. ulmobeli 

bediswera platon samaniSvils evlineba savsebiT 

demiTologizebuli saxiT _ rogorc erTi sawyali 

qvrivi dedaberi. 

bediswerasTan adamianis Sejaxebis tragediuli motivi 

CanasaxSive profanirebuli da komizebulia: platoni 

viTom eurCeba, sinamdvileSi ki gaurbis beds. 

moTxrobis komizmis siRrmiseuli safuZvelia is, rom 

mTavari personaJis cdebi, gaeqces bedisweras, swored 

bedisweris aRsrulebaa. komizmi aqveiTebs da mTlianad 

nTqavs tragikul moments. 

qarTuli sinamdvilis dakninebis mowmobaa, rom `samaniSvilis 

dedinacvlis~ mxatvrul realobaSi tragikuli 

motivi aucileblad sakuTari Tavis parodiul 

uaryofad unda iqces, rom am realobaSi misi adekvaturad 

gamovlena SeuZlebelia. 

`samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi~ ZvelisZveli tragikuli 

modeli komikurad mdare, srulebiT aragmirul da 

arapaTetikur sinamdvileSi damiwda, rac niSandoblivi 

aRmoCnda Semdgomdroindeli mxatvruli azrovnebisTvis. 

Tumca nawarmoebis bolos komizmic qreba, specifikurad 

tragikulic aq araferi Cans, _ protagonisti 

ar iRupeba da araCveulebriv tanjvasac ar ganicdis, 

arc didi faseulobebi da idealebi imsxvreva _ TiTqos 

mxolod Cveulebrivi ubedureba rCeba, anu `tragedia~ 

yoveldRiuri gagebiT. 

115

magram `samaniSvilis dedinacvlis~ finalSi aris 

reducirebuli namdvili tragediis natexic _ iRupeba 

adamianis suli, misi sindisi; sikeTes platonis arsebaSi 

axSobs daundobloba, gaborotebul sulSi ibadeba 

SurismaZiebluri kiTxva:`me Semibrala vinmem?~. platons 

ar SeuZlia daTmoba, beds damorCileba, amis safasuri 

ki misi zneobrivi sikvdilia. 

116 

1982

faruli Sinasamyaro 

sinamdvilis warmosaxva krizisis fazaSi niSandoblivia 

daviT kldiaSvilis realizmisTvis, rac upiratesad 

gulisxmobs feodaluri faseulobebis rRvevis 

xedvas gaRaribebuli aznaurebis yofaSi. magram qarTuli 

sinamdvilis Sinagan kriziss gamoxatavs mwerali im 

nawarmoebebSic, sadac misi mzera gadanacvlebulia 

maTze, vinc qarTveli xalxis yvelaze mravalricxovan 

fenas Seadgenda _ soflis ubralo mkvidrebze, glexebze. 

aq dramatulad aris naCvenebi qarTveli adamianis 

mier Tavisi tradiciuli orientiris, cxovrebis 

qristianuli gagebis, qristianuli moralis uaryofa. 

`SerisxvaSi~ Cveulebrivi da sakmaod umniSvnelo 

yofiTi konfliqti mTavari gmiris aramartiv, mkveTr 

xasiaTs gamoamzeurebs da misi sulieri dramis biZgismimcemi 

xdeba. 

mTavari personaJis da soflis konfliqts Tu davakvirdebiT, 

davinaxavT, rom personaJis pasuxi konfliqtur 

situaciaze ar aris Sesaferisi, Tanazomadi: 

usamarTloba, Tundac igi sazogadoebas namdvilad 

hqondes Cadenili, ar aris im zomis, rom masze aseTi 

reagireba mosalodneli iyos. saqme ar exeba materialuri 

an moraluri TvalsazrisiT raRac gansakuTrebuli 

mniSvnelobis mqone raimes. miwis im nakveTze, 

romelzec sofeli gzas gaiyvans, kacias keTildReoba 

ar aris damokidebuli, xolo wyena, sofelma nebiT Tu 

uneblieT rom miayena, bunebrivi iqneboda droTa 

ganmavlobaSi mainc ganelebuliyo imis SegnebiT, rom 

sofels sxva saSveli ar hqonda. wregadasulia kacias 

javri, gakerpeba, SurisZiebis Jini _ amis realur 

mizezs bevrad gadametebuli. misi gaborotebuli amxedreba 

yvelas da yvelafris, TviT RmerTis winaaRmdeg 

gamowveulia misive mwvave egocentrizmiT. 

TavisTavze maRal ìnstancias~ kacia ar cnobs _ 

arc sazogadoebis nebas da interesebs, arc samarTals 

da kanons, arc RmerTs. igi TviTonaa WeSmaritebis er- 

TaderTi mflobeli, mxolod man icis, ra aris simarT- 

117

le da samarTlianoba; RmerTis samarTlianobis, metic, 

arsebobis aRiarebis piroba xdeba mis mier socialuri 

samarTlianobis aRsruleba ise, rogorc am adamians 

warmoudgenia sworad; yvelaferi ise unda iyos, rogorc 

kacias surs, TviT RmerTis neba mis nebas unda 

daemTxves. qristianuli cnobiereba darRveuli da amopirqvavebulia: 

imis nacvlad, rom RvTis nebas, zneobriv 

mcnebebs emorCilebodes, moTxrobis gmiri Rmer- 

Tisgan moiTxovs morCilebas, Tavisi simarTlis damowmebas 

da Tavis mterze Surisgebas. cxadia, TviT Suris- 

Ziebis wyurvils da RvTisgan mtris dasjis jiut, gaavebul 

moTxovnas qristianobasTan saerTo araferi 

aqvs, mtris xatze gadacema SeniRbuli warmarTuli 

magiaa. 

RmerTis mimarT kacias amboxi TiTqos ar aris moklebuli 

Tavisebur principul safuZvels _ misi azriT, 

RmerTi movalea dasajos damnaSave, raTa adamianebs 

codvis da madlis gasarCevi TvalsaCino da ucdomeli 

sazomi hqondeT. magram RmerTisadmi wayenebuli 

es pretenzia, kulturaSi dadasturebuli RmerTTan 

brZolis seriozul gamovlinebaTagan gansxvavebiT, sinamdvileSi 

ar gvevlineba raime sayovelTao humanisturi 

faseulobis dacvad, aRZrulia mxolod sakuTari 

Jinis dakmayofilebis Seupovari moTxovnilebiT, usaz- 

Rvro TavnebobiT. Tu kacias amboxs SevudarebT vaJafSavelas 

mier warmosaxul pirovnebis msoflmxedvelobriv 

dapirispirebas sazogadoebasTan da tradiciul 

gaqvavebul religiasTan, kidev ufro cxadi iqneba 

am personaJis protestis masazrdoebel impulsTa egocentruli 

warmomavloba. 

RmerTisadmi kacias urCoba sulieri wamebiT icvleba, 

magram es tanjvac imas mowmobs, rom moTxrobis 

gmiris religiuri cnobiereba gamrudebulia _ mas ara 

aqvs monaniebis Zalis rwmena da RvTisgan patiebis mi- 

Rebis imedi. kacias Tanasoflelebis Segnebac arsebi- 

Tad araqristianulia, masSic aRmofxvrilia Semwyale 

da mimtevebeli qristianuli RmerTis saxeba: isini 

Tvlian, rom kacias datirebiT RmerTs gaanawyeneben. 

118

moTxrobis mTavari saTqmeli SemWidroebulia 

mRvdlis qadagebaSi, romelic kacias moqmedebis gaazrebas 

da Sefasebas Seicavs. èrTob ucnauri xasiaTisa 

varT... buzs ar gadavifrenT xandaxan Tavze... Tu ram 

davijineT, imis gadaTqmas sikvdils varCevT, Tundac 

mtyuanic viyveT... guliswyromas xom sazRvari ara aqvs 

xSirad... uTuod Cvens nebaze unda iqnes yvelaferi da 

Tu ise ar iqna, saSualebasac aRar varCevT, oRond ki 

survili avisruloT... daTmena ra aris... xSirad arc ki 

gvinda vicodeT. da ai, sadamdis mivyavarT amnair Cvens 

xasiaTs... TviT RmerTsac ki vebrZviT... kaci wmindans 

ebrZvis, ratom Cems nebaze ar gaiareo, ratom Cemi neba 

ar aasruleo... ai, sadamdis midis Cveni ugunuri guliswyroma... 

damSviddiT, Svilebo, iswavleT moTmineba...~. 

es gansja xels uwyobs nawarmoebSi moTxrobili araordinaruli 

SemTxvevis ganzogadebas, misi azrobrivi 

diapazonis gavrcobas; moTxrobis personaJis dramas 

erovnuli xasiaTis TaviseburebaSi aqvs Zlieri wanamZ- 

Rvrebi. `Serisxva~ gvimxels saukuneebis mijnaze qarTveli 

adamianis tradiciuli religiur-zneobrivi cnobierebis 

daSlis gaRrmavebas da, Sesabamisad, misi Tvi- 

Tnebobis gamZlavrebas, TviTnebobis, romelic grigol 

robaqiZes qarTvelisTvis umTavres safrTxed miaCnda. 

`Serisxva~ daviT kldiaSvilis erT-erTi pirveli nawarmoebia 

da TiTqos cota gaubedavad, SeboWilad aris 

dawerili. masSi SedarebiT naklebia is wvrilmanebi da 

niuansebi, romlebiTac daviT kldiaSvili, Cveulebriv, 

ase aferadovnebs Tavis naxats. 

samagierod ufro gvian Seqmnili, ideur-problemuri 

TvalsazrisiT `Serisxvis~ monaTesave moTxroba `miqela~ 

Sesrulebulia zedmiwevniT faqizi da zusti niuansirebiT. 

moTxrobis stili plastikuri gamokveTilobis 

da moculobriobis mqonea, amave dros es plastika 

fsiqologizebulia, sulierebis gamtaria. moTxrobas 

mosavs mkafiod sagrZnobi atmosferuli garsi, 

misi mwuxare, moqufruli tonaloba gadmomdebi ZaliT 

aris aRbeWdili. 

119

iseve rogorc kacia, miqelac tradiciuli religiur-zneobrivi 

msoflgagebisgan gandgomilia, Tumca 

mas `Serisxvis~ gmirisgan gansxvavebiT marTlac didi 

gasaWiri adgas, TiTqmis mTeli mravalricxovani ojaxi 

amouwydeba. Tavidan moxucis sayrdeni am ubedurebaSi 

RmerTis rwmena da morCilebaa, qristianuli moTminebaa. 

magram ojaxis kidev erTi wevris avad gaxdoma miqelas 

moTminebas ukargavs, mis sulSi raRac ucnauri 

ryeva iwyeba. es kaci, avtoris daxasiaTebiT, `Cumi, yuCi, 

bus msgavsi ... romelic gulgrilad ekideboda yvelafers, 

rac mis garSemo xdeboda~, manamde uxilav, namdvil 

saxes aCens. miqelas cnobierebaSi mZafri procesi 

aRiZvreba, romlis arssac mwerali mwyobr formulad 

Seamkvrivebs: `masSi TiTqos gaiRviZa SigniT damalulma 

adamianma Tavisi grZnobebiTa da wadilebiT~. 

`grZnobebi~ da `wadilebi~, romlebic moTxrobis 

gmiris aqamde farul, axla ki gamomJRavnebul Sinasamyaros 

euflebian, erTi SexedviT, mxolod ojaxis sruli 

ganadgurebis SiSi da am sazareli safrTxis Tavidan 

acilebis survilia. magram Tu davukvirdebiT, aRmoCndeba, 

rom miqelas SeSfoTebas amis garda aqvs siRrmiseuli 

motivic _ ojaxis amowyvetis SesaZlebloba upirveles 

yovlisa imiT aforiaqebs, rom TviT mis suls sikvdilis 

Semdeg amqveyniuri mzrunveli aRar eyoleba, 

TviT misi individualuri arsebobis imqveynad damkvidrebas 

da gagrZelebas dabrkoleba eqmneba; da miqelas 

amqveynad memkvidre Wirdeba, raTa misi ojaxi ar moSalos 

da, rac mTavaria, àqedan~ mis ìqaur~ sicocxles 

Seewios. am kacis mTavari mamoZravebeli rom es metad 

Zlieri motivia, moTxrobaSi araerTxelaa miniSnebuli. 

amgvar miniSnebebs Soris yvelaze xazgasmuli nawarmoebis 

finalSia moqceuli da gmiris moqmedebis warmmar- 

Tav motivs saboloo, Semajamebeli garkveulobiT amJ- 

Ravnebs. Tavis jansaR SviliSvilze, vis gadarCenasac 

cdilobs, miqela ambobs: ìs kargad meyolos da me misi 

Wiri wamiRia!.. misi Wiri wamiRia!.. Cemi sulis macxoneblis 

_ da moxucebulma isev Rrmad amoioxra. _ misi Wiris 

sanacvlo viyve, Cveni sulis macxoneblis!..~. raki 

120

ojaxis micvalebulTa da pirvel rigSi ki misi sakuTari 

`sulis macxonebeli~ uvneblad eguleba, moxuci Tavis 

moaxloebul sikvdilze aRar wuxs. 

miqelas rwmenis raoba, rom saiqios gadasaxlebul 

suls miwieri samyarodan mzrunveloba da xelSewyoba 

usaTuod esaWiroeba, konkretuli saxiT warmoCndeba 

imaSi, Tu rogor eSurebian adamianebi Tavisi micvalebulebis 

saiqio bedis gagebas miqelas avadmyofi SviliSvilisgan, 

spidonasgan, romelic TiTqos imqveynidan 

erTi wlis vadiT aris dabrunebuli. isini naRvloben, 

xom araferi akliaT, xom araferi awuxebT gardacvlilebs 

ùgunur~ da `miuxdomel~ WirisufalTa 

mizeziT. Zneli warmosadgeni ar aris, rogori iqneba im 

sulis sikvdilisSemdgomi xvedri, romelsac saerTod 

ar rCeba Wirisufali. es unugeSo perspeqtiva awvalebs 

miqelas. ucnauria aseTi religiuroba, magram Tavisi 

sulisTvis uSfoTveli da myari imqveyniuri arsebobis 

uzrunvelyofis mZafri moTxovnileba aiZulebs miqelas, 

aRar iyos RvTis sikeTis imedad da TviTon iRonos 

rame. miqelas RmerTs aSorebs TviTSenarCunebis awrialebuli 

instinqti. 

Sexeduleba, rom gardacvlilis mdgomareoba saiqioSi 

ase arsebiTad aris damokidebuli mis mimarT amqveyniur 

mzrunvelobaze, qristianobis gayalbebaa. es 

aris SeniRbuli materializmi: fuZiseulia miwieri samyaro, 

imqveyniuri cxovreba ki ubralod misi gagrZeleba 

da Sors gadatanaa. crurwmena sadinars aZlevs miqelas 

metismetad mwvave TviTSenarCunebis wadils. 

RmerTis morCilebaze da moTminebaze xels rom 

iRebs, miqela wydeba qristianul zneobas, iviwyebs 

gulmowyalebas, Sebralebas. misi gezismimcemi axla 

brZolis da gadarCenis moralia, romelmac Sebraleba 

ar icis, igi moiTxovs sisastikes, sxva adamianis gawirvas. 

TviTgadarCenisken, sakuTari `mes~ samudamo damkvidrebisken 

ltolva miqelas did energias aZlevs da 

daZabuli moqmedebisken ubiZgebs. da misi moqmedeba 

adamianis qristianobamdel, warmarTul msxverplSewirvas 

gavs. qristianuli morali efuZneba yoveli ada- 

121

mianis rogorc RvTisSvilis unikaluri faseulobis 

Segnebas; qristianuli TvalTxedviT, nebismieri adamianis 

sicocxle gasafrTxilebelia da ridis Rirsia, dauSvebelia 

misi saSualebad gamoyeneba raime (Tundac 

maRali) miznis misaRwevad. amis sapirispirod miqela 

adamians wiravs gvaris, modgmis, ojaxis gadasarCenad, 

romelic araTu amqveynad gaagrZelebs mis sicocxles, 

aramed misi imqveyniuri srulfasovani arsebobis sawindaric 

iqneba. igi moqmedebs, ase vTqvaT, `bunebrivi gadarCevis~ 

principiT _ Zlierebi da jansaRebi unda gadarCnen, 

xolo sustebi unda daiRupon, ZlierTa ke- 

TildReobas emsxverplon. 

Tavis SviliSvilebSi miqela ver xedavs TviTmyofad, 

ganumeorebel adamianebs, cocxal sulebs. misTvis isini 

arsebiTad Taviseburi obieqtebi arian, romelTagan 

erTi, avadmyofi, misi miznis asrulebas xels uSlis, 

xolo meore, jansaRi _ piruku, xels uwyobs. es gansaz- 

Rvravs moxucis sxvadasxvagvar damokidebulebas SviliSvilebisadmi. 

jansaRi SviliSvili misi arsebobis 

gagrZelebis erTaderTi imedia da amitom mas Tbilad 

ekideba, es bavSvi utilitarulad aris misTvis Zvirfasi. 

maxvili fsiqologizmiTaa Sesrulebuli pasaJi, sadac 

miqela ojaxidan gaxiznul janmrTel SviliSvils 

moinatrebs da masTan midis: miqelas TiTqos ar sjera 

misi arseboba da mZafrad surs Tavisi imedis ganmasaxierebeli 

sakuTari TvaliT ixilos kargadmyofi, xeli 

Seaxos, raTa TviT imedis safuZvlianoba irwmunos; imdenad 

Zlieria es survili, rom gzaSi SviliSvili 

elandeba. 

Sekavebuli, uxmauro dramatizmiT da sulisSemZravi 

xelSesaxeblobiT aris gamosaxuli miqelasTvis dabrkolebad 

qceuli da ojaxidan mokveTili, sasikvdilod 

gawiruli avadmyofi bavSvis martooba, fizikuri 

da Sinagani tanjva. xolo misi damRupveli bunebis stiqiis 

suraTi TiTqos metaforulad adamianebis cxovrebis 

da samyaros sisastikes, ugunurebas gamoxatavs. 

ver vityviT, rom miqela srulebiT ar wuxdes Tavisi 

daundoblobis gamo, rom misTvis srulebiT ucxo iyos 

122

sibralulis grZnoba. misi amgvari grZnobebi ase Tu ise 

mainc gamoJonavs, yovel SemTxvevaSi, bavSvis sikvdilis 

Semdeg. magram es ver gadafaravs imas, rac moTxrobaSi 

mTavaria _ tradiciuli religiuri da moraluri 

mrwamsisgan adamianis daSorebas da amis kanonzomier 

Sedegebs: sisastikes, damokidebulebas adamianisadmi 

rogorc usulo obieqtisadmi, saSualebisadmi, ris 

miRmac TviTSenarCunebis Seukavebeli instinqti 

ikveTeba. 

avtori, romlis msoflgancda da stili ver iguebs 

moralur msjavrmdeblobas, arc miqelas ganikiTxavs, 

es gasastikebuli adamiani misTvis upirveles yovlisa 

mainc sacodavi arsebaa. igi am personaJs, iseve rogorc 

Tavisi personaJebis umetesobas, xedavs damTrgunvel 

garemoebebze damokidebuls, materialuri siduxWiris, 

gonebrivi sibnelis, instinqtis sacecebSi umweod 

momwyvdeuls da Rrmad, mtkivneulad TanaugrZnobs mas. 

sibralulis, lmobierebis gansakuTrebuli niWi vaJafSavelasTan 

anaTesavebs daviT kldiaSvils. magram 

Semwynarebloba, Tavisi gmirebis sacodaobis saTuTi 

gancda xels ar uSlis mwerals cxadad gaarCios erTmaneTisgan 

maTi codva da madli. 

Tu daviT kldiaSvilis moTxrobaSi TviTSenarCunebis 

jiuti neba, romelsac adamiani sxva adamianis sasikvdilod 

gametebamde miyavs, qristianuli eTikis poziciidan 

aris gancdili da gagebuli rogorc codva, 

zneobrivi danaSauli, igi daaxloebiT imave periodis 

ucxour literaturaSi sruliad sxvagvari, biologisturi 

da `zekacobis~ damamkvidrebeli interpretaciis 

saganic gamxdara. amis nimuSia jek londonis proza, 

sadac yvelanairi saSualebiT sicocxleze magrad mo- 

Wideba, `bunebrivi gadarCeva~, modgmis faseulobrivi 

upiratesoba individuumis mimarT warmoisaxeba rogorc 

bunebis da sazogadoebis universaluri da normaluri 

kanoni. aseT fonze kidev ufro TvalsaCinoa 

daviT kldiaSvilis msoflaRqmis qristianul-humanisturi 

safuZvlebi. 

123

imis msgavsi sulier-zneobrivi situacia, rogoric 

`SerisxvaSi~ da `miqelaSi~ saxierdeba, daviT kldiaSvilis 

sxva nawarmoebebSic aris aRbeWdili. `msxverplSi~ 

tradiciuli moraluri cnobiereba darRveulia da 

adamianebs erTmaneTis agresiuli TviTnebobisgan araferi 

icavT; RmerTis morCilebis da moTminebis moralis 

sicocxlisunarianoba daSretili Cans piesaSi 

ùbedureba~: piesis personaJebi gaWirvebas pasiuri 

moTminebis nacvlad aqtiur qmedebas da solidarobas, 

erTgvar `gonivrul egoizms~ upirispireben, magram solidaroba 

moklebulia cocxal TanagrZnobas, egoizmi 

`gonierebaze~ bevrad Zlieri aRmoCndeba, sazogadoebas 

ganxeTqileba xleCs da iRvreba sisxli _ xdeba 

ufro didi ubedureba, vidre is iyo, romelsac TiTqos 

win aRudgnen. am igavisebur piesaSi TiTqos Cveni Tanamedroveobac 

irekleba... 

`SerisxvaSi~ da `miqelaSi~ xorcSesxmulia daviT 

kldiaSvilis SemoqmedebisTvis niSandoblivi siuJeturi 

modeli _ aqtivoba gasaWirisgan TavdasaRwevad da 

misi Sedegi, romelic Tavdapirvel mdgomareobaze gacilebiT 

uaresia (asea imave ùbedurebaSi~, `samaniSvilis 

dedinacvalSi~...). aqtivoba, romelic zneobas 

gverds uqcevs, sulieri simrTelisTvis mavnea. 

qarTveli adamianis individualizmi miT ufro kargavs 

zomierebas, rac ufro cildeba Tavis tradiciul 

regulators, qristianul msoflgagebas da morals. 

did sulier da socialur gansacdelTa epoqis damdegs 

es saxifaTod gazrdili daSoreba daviT kldiaSvilma 

utyuari realizmiT cxadyo. 

124 

1992

vasil barnovi 

dacemebi da zeaRsvlebi 

TiTqos ar aklia aRiareba da dafaseba vasil 

barnovs, misi prozis Seswavlac unayofo, rasakvirvelia, 

ar yofila, magram mwerlis vrceli Semoqmedebis 

is nawili, romelsac Tanamedrove mkiTxvelis cocxali 

interesis gamowveva SeuZlia, gamorCeuli da aqtualizebuli 

ar aris. amis mizezi isic Cans, rom kritikis 

yuradReba ZiriTadad mipyrobili iyo barnovis msoflmxedvelobisken, 

romelic filosofiuri da religiuri 

azrovnebis Zvel tradiciebzea aRmocenebuli da TavisTavad 

marTlac sayuradReboa, xolo mTavari, esTetikuri 

kriteriumi mas naklebad hqonda momarjvebuli. 

barnovis saukeTeso moTxrobebSi filosofiur-religiur 

ideebs isrutavs saxeobrivi stiqia, intuituri 

da gancdili, originaluri mxatvruli xilva Zlevs 

ilustraciulobas, sqematurobas; zogierTi esTetikurad 

faseuli moTxroba ki saerTod ar aris mwerlis 

filosofiur da religiur msoflmxedvelobasTan 

uSualod dakavSirebuli. moTxrobebSi `suli mTvlemare~, 

`yvavilebSi~ da a.S., rogorc `Teoriis~ Semcvel 

srulfasovan mxatvrul nawarmoebebs saerTod axasia- 

TebT, doqtrina ki ar iyenebs mxatvrul saxes ilustraciad, 

aramed piriqiT, cxovrebis mxatvruli xedva _ 

uSualo grZnobad-goniTi Wvreta iSveliebs ganyenebul 

ideas da amiT siRrmes Seimatebs, Tavis horizonts 

Sors gadawevs. aq filosofiur-religiuri Tvalsazrisi, 

sulTa gadasaxlebis (metemfsiqozis) Teoria gaxevebul 

dominantad ki ar gvevlineba, aramed damxmare 

orientirad barnovisgan ganuSorebeli sicocxlis 

idumalebis grZnobisTvis. 

xolo sicocxlis saidumlo barnovisTvis uwinares 

yovlisa individuaciis saidumloa, individualuri xa- 

125

siaTis da bedis gamocanaa. individualoba da xasiaTi, 

mwerlis TvalTaxedviT, sabedisweroa. 

`suli mTvlemareSi~ barnovi gansakuTrebiT aqcentirebulad 

gamoxatavs individualobis idumalebas. 

moTxrobis mTavari personaJis ucnauri ieri, xasiaTi 

xatovani siuxviT da sisruliT inakvTeba. 

gigola materiis uxeSad formirebuli, mZime da 

zanti masaa, romelSic aseve zanti sulia Cakarguli; 

erTaderTi qmedeba, romelic am tlanqi da dune cxovelis 

msgavs arsebas izidavs, miwis zelaa, Tixis damu- 

Savebaa: is TiTqos bunebam amisTvis Caifiqra da Seqmna, 

TiTqos TviTonac miwis stiqiidan aris warmoSobili da 

mSobliur stiqias SeenivTeba. es inertuli da uwyinari 

goliaTi sakuTari nebiT raime seriozuli konfliqtis 

monawile ar gaxdeba. magram SeuZlebelia cxovreba did 

borotebasTan Sejaxebis gareSe, romlis drosac 

adamianis zneobrivi bedi wydeba. am aucileblobas 

verc gigola acdeba; colis aqtivobis Sedegad, romelic 

qmris antipodia, _ msubuqi, gamrje, mousvenari _ 

is misTvis bunebriv arsebobis wess wydeba da qalaqSi 

gadainacvlebs, sadac zneobrivi gansacdeli elis: mas, 

erT-erTi dawesebulebis keTilsindisier darajs, 

kinaRam kaci Semoakvdeba... 

erTi SexedviT, es personaJi metafizikuri Zalebis, 

gangebis sakuTar nebas moklebuli saTamaSoa. am STabeWdilebas 

badebs barnovis poetikisTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

gaupirovnebeli, idumali dialogi, romelic exeba 

gigolas sulis warsul da momaval xvedrs _ wina 

cxovrebaSi igi romeliRac didi cxovelis sxeulSi 

saxlobda, Semdgom arsebobaSi ki ufro dawmendili ganxorcieldeba. 

magram amis Sesaxeb mainc kategoriulad 

ar aris laparaki dialogSi, romelic moTxrobis mTavari 

gmiris saxes da siuJets kosmiur-maradiuli yofierebis 

anarekliT amdidrebs. 

sinamdvileSi gigola TviTon aris Tavisi bedis Semoqmedi 

_ is yurad iRebs `gafrTxilebas~, alRoTi 

wvdeba SemTxveuli ambis azrs: Tu borotebisgan saimedod 

ar moizRudavs Tavs, SeiZleba sulierad daiRu- 

126

pos. codvis kvlav Cadenis safrTxis SegrZneba mis Sinasamyaros 

Searyevs da nel-nela, mtkivneulad aamoZravebs. 

is, rac gigolas fsiqikaSi sabolood mkafio saxes 

iZens, aris azri isev miwis stiqiasTan mibrunebis 

Sesaxeb, romelic misi bunebis instinqturi ltolvidan 

ibadeba. Tu Tavidan igi am stiqias sruliad gaucnobiereblad 

erwymis, bolos ucdomeli alRoTi grZnobs, 

rom es aris erTaderTi ram, riTac Tavis daniSnulebas 

axorcielebs, ris gareSe arsebobac borotebasTan aaxloebs. 

Tu manamde gigolas sizante, sizarmace TiTqos 

codvisgan instinqturi Tavdacvac iyo, axla is Sinaganad 

xedavs, ra aaridebs codvas. arsebiTad igi zneobriv 

arCevans akeTebs _ borotebas gaurbis da amoicnobs 

Tavis erTaderT mowodebas, romlis Sesruleba 

borotebisgan Tavdaxsnas iseve uadvilebs adamians, 

rogorc sakuTari mowodebis SeusruleblobiT uadvilebs 

igi borotebas TavisTavze batonobas. sikeTis da 

borotebis msoflio `balansSi~ gigola sikeTes 

Seemateba. 

moTxroba Tavis xibls mniSvnelovanwilad dakargavda, 

mas rom ar dasTamaSebdes avtoris Rimili, _ 

keTilmosurne da Semwynarebeli, oRond amasTanave 

ironiuli _ romelic gvimxels, rom Tumca moTxrobis 

gmiri absoluturi faseulobis mqonea rogorc ganumeorebeli 

individualoba, is mainc patara da sabraloa; 

misi xvedri keTilic aris da ubadrukic; igi erTdroulad 

aris kosmosis maradiuli wrebrunvis aucilebeli 

da metismetad mcire elementi. 

Tavis primitiul gmirSi da mis martiv TavgadasavalSi 

barnovi Wvrets samyaros arsebiT tendenciebs da 

sawyisebs: unikalur individuacias da sayovelTao 

xvedrs, suls da materias, aucileblobas da Tavisuflebas, 

sikeTes da borotebas. `suli mTvlemareSi~ organulad 

aris Sexamebuli yofiTi realizmis simyare, 

gaucxoebuli groteskuli saxeobrioba, samyaros usasrulobis 

mistikuri gancda. 

raRac imis msgavsi, rac `suli mTvlemareSi~ gigolasTvis 

miwis zelaa, `vaSlebis~ gmirisTvis, rogorc 

127

moTxrobis saTauric gvaniSnebs, aris vaSlebis uzomo 

siyvaruli, saerTod mucelRmerToba. individualobis 

Tavisebureba aq ufro realisturad aris gaazrebuli 

rogorc bavSvobaSi formirebuli da ramdenadme 

socialurad determinirebulic (moTxrobis personaJi 

xelmokle ojaxis Svilia da gaWirvebac uviTarebs 

kuriozul sixarbes). dro ver exeba am individualobis 

arss, birTvs, icvleba misi socialuri statusi, cxovrebis 

garegani forma, magram dauZleveli rCeba ucnauri 

vneba, romelic am ukve respeqtabeluri kacis 

TiTqosda bednier yofas farulad bzaravs. personaJis 

individualobis erTi SexedviT uwyinari Tviseba bediswerasaviT 

mourevelia da Taviseburad marTlac 

sabediswero aRmoCndeba: ojaxis samarcxvino saidumlod 

iqceva da ojaxuri konfliqtebis amouwuravi wayroa; 

moTxrobis gmiris coli zizRs grZnobs qmris mimarT, 

Tumca amas saguldagulod malavs. efeqturia 

uCinari Sinagani realobis gamomzeurebis xerxi: saTakilo 

saidumloTa gamJRavnebaSi katalizatoris rols 

TamaSobs mTxrobeli, romlis mier waqezebuli moTxrobis 

gmiri megobrul vaxSamze yovelgvar sanovages 

da gansakuTrebiT vaSlebs musrs gaavlebs. nawarmoebis 

xalisiani da naTeli iumori mTlianobaSi pirquS xasiaTs 

iRebs, sasacilos da TavSesaqcevis miRma gamouvali 

adamianuri ubedureba imaleba. 

moTxrobaSi `Rimi damRupi~ groteskulad aris gamosaxuli 

bedisweriT dadaRuli individualobis mqone 

adamiani, samyaros arsSi datanebuli disharmoniis, 

tragikomikuri sawyisis xorcSesxma. `buneba oxunjia, 

uyvars winaaRmdegobis moTavseba erT fargalSi, erTsa 

da imave pirovnebaSi erTmaneTis uarmyofeli xorcisa 

da sulisa. iRimeba buneba arsTa Zalebis aseTs SeTama- 

Sebazed. _ da eg misi Rimili Zvirad ujdeba qmnilebas~. 

moTxrobis personaJis tragikomedia is aris, rom mis 

mouxeSav sxeulSi faqizi suli binadrobs, romelic monaTesave 

qalur suls eZebs, magram am ltolvas uxerxulad 

da komikurad, amave dros avad, sabediswerod 

128

eRobeba win misive Seuferebeli, mouqneli sxeulebrivi 

garsi. 

kidev ufro usixaruloa moTxrobis `yvavilebSi~ 

gmiris xvedri. adamianuri tanjvis iseT gamWriax, amas- 

Tanave emociur xedvas da warmosaxvas, rogoric am 

moTxrobas gamoarCevs, bevrgan ver vipoviT Cvens 

prozaSi. 

nawarmoebis mTavari gmiris sulieri cxovrebis gadmocema 

STambeWdavia aramarto daZabuli eqspresiulobiT, 

aramed analitikuri sabasriTac. igi vlindeba rogorc 

calkeul dakvirvebaTa utyuarobaSi, aseve sulier 

mdgomareobaTa kanonzomieri cvlis warmoCenaSi. 

ubeduri SemTxvevis gamo patara gogonas kuzi uCndeba 

_ raRac umowyalo Zala babucas sxeuls, cnobierebas, 

mTel arsebobas TiTqos marwuxSi moimwyvdevs da 

yvelafris deformirebas axdens. mis tanjvas gansakuTrebiT 

Znelad asatans xdis is damamcirebeli Sefaseba, 

romelsac adamianebi an uxeSad umJRavneben, an maT 

mzeraSi gamosWvivis; mainc ebRauWeba macdur imeds, 

sazogadoebaSi normaluri adamianis statusi moipovos, 

romelsac erotiuli ltolvis gaRviveba uZlierebs 

_ axladgaRviZebuli es ltolva bednierebis misawvdomobis 

rwmenas Causaxavs adamians. amas saSineli 

gamofxizleba da Rrma melanqoliaSi CaZirva mosdevs... 

xelovnuri yvavilebis keTeba babucas ubedurebis 

atanaSi Svelis, magram TandaTan am saqmianobisas mis 

arsebaSi dafaruli warmosaxvis mdidari niWi gamomzeurdeba, 

romelic meqanikur Sromas Semoqmedebad aqcevs, 

amasTanave qals erTgvar avtomiTs Seaqmnevinebs 

da WeSmaritebad warmouCens: wina cxovrebaSi man masze 

Seyvarebuli adamiani TviTmkvlelobamde miiyvana da am 

codvis sasjelia babucas simaxinje da tanjva. sakuTar 

xilvaTa namdvilobis dajerebis aseTi unari aqvs Semoqmeds, 

xelovans. ase rom, moTxrobis personaJi Svebas 

da sicocxlis sazriss povebs Tavisi individualuri 

SemoqmedebiTi mowodebis aRmoCenis da realizebis 

wyalobiT. 

129

sulTa gadasaxlebis idea aq warmogvidgeba ara avtoris 

mza mrwamsad, aramed TviT gmiris mier gamotanjul 

ocnebad, nugeSad. personaJis metafizikuri xilvebi 

WeSmaritia mxatvrulad, mkacrad Sepirobebulia 

misi bedis da xasiaTis logikiT. am xilvaTa mxatvruli 

simarTle umTavresad is aris, rom maTSi babucas ubedurebis 

mizezad wina cxovrebaSi mis mier gamovlenili 

qedmaRloba warmoisaxeba, xolo moTxrobaSi aRbeWdili 

misi tanjva gamwvavebulia swored gansakuTrebuli 

siamayiT. 

moTxrobaSi Tavs iCens orsamyarovneba, romelic 

romantizmisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli _ magaliTis- 

Tvis gavixsenoT hofmanis proza, sadac yoveldRiuri 

sinamdvilis miRma jadosnuri samyaro gadaiSleba... 

romantikuli orsamyarovneba mJRavndeba `ganaskvil 

simSic~. moTxrobis gmirs mwvave sulieri krizisis 

momentSi vxvdebiT. mis sasowarkveTil SfoTvas gvimxels 

dialogi arapersonificirebul xmasTan _ lirikuli 

prozis erT-erTi efeqturi nimuSi barnovis lirizmiT 

gajerebul SemoqmedebaSi. nawarmoebis gmirs 

kaeSans auSlis arsebobis sazrisis dabindva, socialuri 

cxovrebis moyirWeba, adamianebSi da sicocxlis faseulobaSi 

daeWveba, rac mTavaria, aryofnis SiSi, maradiuli 

samyarosgan gaucxoeba. 

daZabuli da idumali lirikis eqo wvdeba realistur-yofiT 

scenebsac, romlebSic gadmocemulia 

mTxrobelis Zvel, glaxakad qceul megobarTan Sexvedra, 

mis duxWir ojaxSi stumroba... sacodavi adamianebis 

es ubadruki samyofeli brma qalis, Taviseburi mediumis 

wyalobiT mTxrobelisTvis iqceva romantikul 

meore samyarod, TavSesafrad, sadac gardasulTa aCrdilebs 

uaxlovdeba da misi Rrma sevda da martoobis 

grZnoba cxreba. oRond aqac, iseve rogorc `yvavileb- 

Si~, metafizikurs da masTan ziarebas mxatvruli pirobiTobis 

ieri aqvs: es mTxrobelis sulieri wyurvilis 

xati ufroa, vidre ueWveli realoba. 

moTxrobaSi `soko, soko~ xeibari axalgazrda kaci 

damTrgunavi yoveldRiurobis gverdiT Svebismomgv- 

130

el poetur-romantikul samyaros aRmoaCens da bunebis 

samefos Tavisufal mkvidrTagan ubralo WeSmaritebas 

SeiTvisebs _ amqveynad gaCena nebismier SemTxvevaSi 

RvTis saCuqaria. moTxrobis personaJi bunebis 

qmnilebebTan erTad da maT msgavsad iwyebs arsebobas 

_ amao survilebis gareSe, upretenziod da Tavisuflad. 

am moTxrobis romantikuli gmiris antipodia ironiiT 

daxatuli `Sinaur mterSi~. bunebaSi mas araferi 

izidavs da xiblavs, bunebasTan siaxlove yofiT uxerxulobebs 

uqmnis, sofelSi SeCveul komforts moklebulia; 

moklebulia prestiJul sazogadoebas, pativs 

da sxva siamovnebebs, gasarTobebs, imas, rac mis arsebobas 

Seadgens da TviTkmayofilebas aniWebs. Cinovnikur-meSCanuri 

fenis warmomadgenlis standartuli 

cxovrebis wesi TiTqos sagangebod aris mogonili imis- 

Tvis, rom adamiani raimeze seriozulad ar dafiqrdes 

da Rrmad araferi igrZnos; misi daniSnuleba TiTqos is 

aris, rom sulier sicarieles gadaefaros. xolo sofelSi 

aseTi safarveli ar arsebobs da moTxrobis gmiris 

gamofituloba SiSvldeba. es aris usulgulo adamiani, 

romelsac ar gaaCnia sxvisi ubedurebis gancdis, 

TanagrZnobis unari. xolo ubedurebas, romlis mowmec 

is xdeba, ucnauri saxe aqvs _ fsiqikurad travmirebuli 

kaci, gakotrebuli vaWari Tavisi uiRblobis mizezis 

xorcSesxmas xedavs moSlil gramofonSi, mas aRiqvams 

Segnebul arsebad, vinc ganzrax uwyobs sabotaJs 

da ebrZvis am arsebas rogorc borot bedisweras. 

moTxrobis mTavari gmirisTvis es tragikomikuri sanaxaoba 

iqceva gasarTobad, autaneli mowyenilobis gamqarveblad; 

TviTonac gamosadegi aRmoCndeba vaWris- 

Tvis rogorc cocxali reklama... mainc mTavari personaJis 

arsebaSi ganadgurebul adamianTan Sexvedra usiamovno 

naleqs tovebs, qveSecneulad SeaSfoTebs mas da 

is cdilobs mexsierebidan amoiSalos SeSlilis saxe: 

mis keTilmowyobil da utkivilo, komfortul mikrosamyaroSi 

araviTar ubedurebas disonansi ar unda Sheqondes, 

mas arafrad Wirdeba imis codna, rom arsebobs 

131

edis ulmobeli, adamianis cxovrebis damangreveli 

dartymebi... 

adamianTa gaucxoeba bunebisgan, gaucxoeba sakuTari 

adamianuri arsisgan da erTmaneTisgan, maTi momxmarebluri 

urTierTdamokidebuleba, adamianis arsebobaSi 

teqnikis rolis sabediswero gaZliereba, gasarTobis 

da sanaxaobis gamudmebuli Zieba _ es motivebi 

moTxrobas meoce saukunis cxovrebis niSandoblivi 

tendenciebis gamosaxulebad aqcevs. 

Tu `Sinauri mtris~ gmiris sulieri defeqti ugrZnoblobaa, 

àRdgomis codvaSi~ adamianis bunebis mankiereba 

Tavisi ufro aqtiuri, arsebiTad demonuri gamovlinebebiT 

warmogvidgeba. sxarti, basri siuJetis meSveobiT 

warmoiqmneba Wrili, romelSic uCveulo sicxadiT 

Cans dafaruli, SeniRbuli adamianuri impulsebi 

_ erTmaneTSia gadaxlarTuli da erTmaneTs kvebavs 

Suri, SurisZiebis wyurvili, mdabali cnobismoyvareoba, 

avi, sadisturi sixaruli, aRZruli sxva adamianis 

Tavmoyvareobis SelaxviT, erotiuli sixarbe... 

maT Soris gansakuTrebulad Zlieri da saSineli 

sxvisi damcirebiT da tkiviliT sadisturi tkbobaa, 

radgan igi adamianis sulis iracionalur SreebSi yvelaze 

Rrmad aris fesvgadgmuli. am iracionaluri Zalis 

ganmasaxierebeli demoni amarcxebs angarebis ganmasaxierebel 

demons, radgan angareba, sxvisi gasaWiris 

momgebianad gamoyenebis survili iracionalur siRrmes 

moklebulia, SedarebiT ufro zedapiruli da 

Cveulebrivia. 

bneli impulsebis winaSe mTavari personaJis umweobis 

mizezi qristianobisgan misi gaucxoebaa, ris gamoxatvasac 

amZafrebs mkveTri kontrasti _ demonuri 

vnebebi personaJs aRdgomis dResaswaulze eufleba. 

aRdgomis dResaswaulis garSemo aigeba agreTve `sapaseqo 

namcxvris~ siuJeturi da azrobrivi struqtura. 

moTxrobis personaJebis cxovrebaSi am dResaswauls 

araviTari maRali Sinaarsi aRar aqvs _ arc qristianuli, 

sulier-zneobrivad gamakeTilSobilebeli da 

arc winaqristianuli, siyvarulis da nayofierebis 

132

kultTan, vitaluri Zalebis sagazafxulo ganaxlebas- 

Tan dakavSirebuli. amgvar Sinaarss meSCanuri garemodan 

aZevebs gastronomiul-kulinariuli materializmi, 

wvrilmani pativmoyvareoba da usulo erotika, 

warmarTuli erotiuli kultis parodiuli naSTi. es 

Tavisi zedapiriT yofiTi da saxumaro moTxroba arsebiTad 

maradiulobas daSorebuli adamianis dakninebis 

maxvilgonivruli dacinvaa. 

ucnaurad simuqegadakruli iumori, tragikomikuri 

tonaloba, individualuri xasiaTis da bedis gamocana- 

Ta groteskuli warmoCena da adamianis sulis dacemaTa 

Tu zeaRsvlaTa maradiulobis rakursiT Wvreta is 

ZiriTadi Tvisebebia, romlebic barnovis moTxrobebis 

erT wyebas mxatvrul srulfasovnebas da sicocxlisunarianobas 

aniWebs. 

1992 

133

wamebuli RmerTi 

Tavisi msoflxedva vasil barnovma gansakuTrebuli 

mxatvruli sisavsiT gamoavlina romanSi `trfoba wamebuli~. 

mwerlis religiuri, zneobrivi da esTetikuri 

ideali am romanSi ikveTeba adamianuri bunebis realobasTan 

tragikul SejaxebaSi, adamianis sulis mravalgvar 

moZraobaTa mkveTri aJRerebiT; Zlieri adamianebis 

vnebaTaRelva ixateba Zlieri sityviT da SemoqmedebiTi 

agznebiT. 

romanis avtori miwieri da amavdroulad amaRlebuli 

siyvarulis kultis Tayvanismcemelia. aseTi siyvaruli 

misTvis warmoadgens dedamiwaze RvTaebrivis 

gadmofenas, mis yvelaze adekvatur gamomJRavnebas da 

uzenaesi sikeTis, WeSmaritebis, mSvenierebis ganxorcielebul 

sinTezs. 

mwerlis es Tvalsazrisi da masTan dakavSirebuli 

miwieri silamazis sakralizacia, rogorc SeniSnulia, 

axlosaa platonizmTan da saerTod antikur msoflgancdasTan. 

misi saTavea aseve samyaros renesansuli aRqma, 

`vefxistyaosani~. SesamCnevad exmianeba igi ilia 

WavWavaZis `gandegilis~ koncefcias. 

aSotis da Suqias siyvaruli romanSi warmosaxulia 

rogorc Cveulebrivi cxovrebis miRma arsebuli romantikuli 

savane, TavSesafari, romelSic aRmofxvrilia 

boroteba Tavisi mravalgvarobiT da xorcieli 

tkbobac sulieri aRmafreniT aris ganwmendili; daZleulia 

egoizmi da Seyvarebulebi erTmaneTSi poveben 

Tavisi arsebis srulqmnas. aSotis da Suqias siyvaruli 

TiTqos pirvelyofil codvas Zlevs da edemSi dabrunebad 

iqceva. barnovi `himnografiuli~ maneriT gamoxatavs 

amaRlebuli siyvarulis metafizikas. 

romanSi aSotis saxe or planSi iSleba, romlebic 

ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs _ erTi mxriv, igi naCvenebia 

socialuri cxovrebis aspeqtiT, rogorc qveynis mesveuri. 

is zedmiwevniT Seefereba Tavis statuss da xalxis 

TvalSi gmiria, zekacia. es plani swored xalxis Tvalsazrisis 

gamtaria, aq mefe garedan da Soridan danaxu- 

134

li moCans. meore mxriv, aSots vxedavT Signidan, TavisTavis 

winaSe darCenils _ sulieri SimSiliT gawamebuls, 

mgrZnobiares da martosuls; mas wyuria siTbo, 

TanagrZnoba, uangaro yuradReba, misi faruli lirizmi 

da silbo sazrdos da gamomJRavnebas saWiroebs. pirvel 

planSi is warmogvidgeba apologeturi matianis Tu 

saraindo eposis personaJad da Warbad idealizebulia; 

romanis Sesabamisi monakveTebi gaWianurebuli da naklebad 

sainteresoa; magram idealizeba nawilobriv 

funqciuria: igi kontrastulad amkveTrebs meore 

plans, sadac mefe pirovnul-Sinagan ganzomilebaSi 

warmoCndeba da xalxiseul, Taviseburad swor, magram 

zerele aRqmas avtoris analitikuri xedva, natifi lirizmi 

da TviT personaJis meditaciebi, Sinagani monologebi 

cvlis. 

aSots ar SeuZlia icxovros pativmoyvareobis amara, 

is WeSmarit siyvarulze ocnebobs. dedofals, piriqiT, 

aqvs mZlavri da xarbi pativmoyvareoba da ar 

SeuZlia da ar surs siyvaruli. niSandoblivi detalebiT 

gamoisaxeba guranduxtis civi miukarebloba, misi 

gorozi sulis mousvenari ltolva kidev ufro meti 

Zlierebis da pativis moxveWisken. aseT adamians, bunebrivia, 

ar SeuZlia misces aSots is, rasac igi mTeli 

arsebiT eswrafis: àmaod eZebda sip qvazed naz yvavils 

turfa gazafxulisas~. aSotTan dedofals urTierToba 

aqvs rogorc mxolod mefesTan, rogorc socialuri 

rolis SemsrulebelTan da daJinebiT moiTxovs misgan, 

srulyos es roli. 

romanis ideur arss uSualod ukavSirdeba guranduxtis 

specifikuri religiuroba. qveynisTvis da mefis 

ojaxisTvis sasikvdilo gansacdelis dros, kritikul 

situaciaSi mJRavndeba dedoflis religiurobis 

raoba _ igi, vinc gangebisgan movlinebulad Tvlis 

Tavs saqarTvelos gasaerTianeblad, RmerTs codvaTa 

mitevebas ki ar Txovs, aramed uwyreba, radgan qristianebs 

mfarveloba moaklo da mahmadianebs gaamarjvebina; 

mxolod sajarod acxadebs gansacdels RvTis samar- 

Tlian risxvad da xalxs mouwodebs sinanulisken. ro- 

135

gorc vxedavT, dedoflis qristianoba sxvebisadmia 

momTxovni da ara sakuTari Tavisadmi; is mas Wirdeba 

rogorc Tavisi nebis damkvidrebis, adamianebis damor- 

Cilebis saSualeba. guranduxtis aseTi mimarTeba religiasTan 

gansakuTrebiT mkveTrad iCens Tavs, rodesac 

igi aSotis da Suqias kavSiris Sesaxeb Seityobs. dedoflis 

sulieri SfoTva mravalelferiani fsiqologiuri 

analiziT aris gadmocemuli _ saSinelia am metismetad 

amayi adamianis Seuracxyofili Tavmoyvareobis 

tanjva. mas sevda, gulistkivili ar eufleba axlobeli 

adamianis sulierad dakargvis gamo, imas ar ufiqrdeba, 

mxolod xorcieli gatacebaa Tu raRac metia 

aSotis da Suqias urTierToba da TviTonac xom ar aris 

Tavisi siciviT am urTierTobis warmoSobis mizezi... is 

TavisTavSi ar ixedeba, TavisTavs arafers mokiTxavs. 

qristianul sindisierebasTan erTad verc qristianuli 

moTmineba, Tviniereba eTviseba mis xasiaTs: dedoflis 

arsebas savsebiT msWvalavs SurisZiebis vneba. raTa 

mtrebis ganadgurebisken misi swrafva kanonieri iyos, 

maT eSmakeulebad Seracxavs, magram eSmaks emsgavseba 

TviT is RmerTi, romlisganac igi daJinebiT moiTxovs 

Tavisi Seuracxmyofelebis mimarT SurisZiebas da 

romelsac despotad warmoidgens. `_ amaod moiwvev, 

dedofalo, Semoqmeds: yovlad keTilisagan ar egebis 

Suquris mospoba sixarulis momniWeblisa, saxierisagan 

ver SeiZleba Caqroba silamazisa... uxme RmerTs sastiks, 

ufals mrisxanes, sinaTlis mqrobels, sikvdilis 

damrgvels... vinc cecxliT daswva aTaseulni Tavisuflebis 

dasaxvis gamo... mas Seevedre, sastiksa mflobels 

sastikis guliT. _ RmerTsa sastiksa Tu TviT satanas? 

_ meufes sastiks, gina belzebels bnelTa mflobels!~. 

ai, am daundobeli, SiSismomgvreli RmerTis msaxur- 

Ta Soris poulobs guranduxti mokavSireebs. grigoli 

da Tebronia acxadeben, rom satanur codvas ebrZvian 

qristianobis da saxelmwifos umaRlesi interesebis 

dasacavad _ raTa mefis codvam rogorc umsgavsma magaliTma 

xalxis zneoba ar garyvnas da qveyanas, rome- 

136

lic mahmadianuri agresiisgan icavs Tavs, religiursulieri 

Zala ar Seusustdes. 

barnovi aqac, rogorc aSotis saxis kveTisas, orfenian 

suraTs qmnis, or plans gamoyofs _ oficialurs 

da Sinagans, romelic uCumrad warmarTavs imas, rac zedapirze 

xdeba. sajarod gacxadebuli motivebis miRma 

Sefarulia Zlieri egoisturi impulsebi, romelTa gamomzeureba 

ar SeiZleba, romlebmac SeniRbulad unda 

imoqmedon. oRond grigoli da Tebronia trivialuri 

farisevlebi ar arian. es adamianebi aiZuleben Tavis- 

Tavs daijeron, rom marTlac keTil, saRvTo saqmes 

aRasruleben. maT ar undaT simarTle icodnen sakuTari 

Tavis Sesaxeb da Tu gulis siRrmeSi es simarTle 

mainc ician, axerxeben daiviwyon moqmedebisas. Tavisi 

aqtivobis saeWvo xasiaTs, mis saCoTiro motivebs rom 

grZnoben, miTufro ficxad aRiZvrebian satanasTan saomrad 

da aRtkinebiT, egzaltaciiT iyrueben sindisis 

xmas... am personaJebis sulier cxovrebaSi gamosWvivis 

fenomeni, romelsac Tanamedrove fsiqologia racionalizacias 

uwodebs. saerTod, `trfoba wamebuli~ meoce 

saukunis dasawyisis qarTuli prozis TvalsaCino 

movlenaa upirvelesad swored garTulebuli fsiqologizmiT. 

TviTeul personaJs, romelic aSotis da Suqias siyvarulis 

winaaRmdeg amxedrdeba, Tavisi maluli stimulebi 

aqvs saamisod, magram es stimulebi sabediswerod 

gadaexlarTeba erTmaneTs da mrisxane Zalad iqceva. 

grigolis da aSotis bavSvobisdroindeli metoqeoba 

da Suri erTmaneTis mimarT gansakuTrebiT Rrma 

kvals grigolis arsebaSi tovebs. aqedan mokidebuli 

misi mamoZravebelia faruli survili, radac unda 

daujdes gautoldes da aRematos kidec aSots, iyos 

ufro didi sulierebis sferoSi, vidre aSotia saxelmwifoebrivi 

saqmianobis sferoSi. mefis karze aRsazrdelad 

ayvanili bavSvi damcirebas grZnobs ufliswulis 

gverdiT Tavisi meorexarisxovani mdgomareobis 

gamo da am damcirebis kompensirebis moTxovnileba 

grigols daZabuli qmedebisken, Tavdauzogavi Sromis- 

137

ken ubiZgebs, nebisyofas uaRresad ukaJebs. igi eswrafis 

RmerTTan siaxloves, wmindanur srulyofilebas, 

oRond amave dros surs iqces amqveyniur saTayvanebladac, 

amqveynad ukvdavyos Tavisi saxeli. pativmoyvareobaa 

grigolis energiis dauSreteli masazrdoebeli 

da is garkveulwilad axerxebs am Zalis SemoqmedebiT, 

aRmSeneblobiT aqtivobad sublimirebas. grigolis 

pativmoyvareobas avtori am kuTxiT Semwynareblurad 

uyurebs _ raki adamiani RvTis msgavsebaa, mas aqvs 

ukvdavebis wyurvili, sakuTari individualobis iseTi 

zrdis wadili, romelic RvTaebriv sisrules emsgavseba; 

mwerlis amgvar Tvalsazriss renesansuli suli 

msWvalavs, iseve rogorc mis siyvarulis koncefcias; 

igi moicavs adamianis SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebis 

rwmenas _ ukvdavebis moTxovnileba did saqmeebSi da 

qmnilebebSi ganivTdeba; grigolis SemoqmedebiTi 

aqtivobac daZabuli da produqtiulia. 

grigols rogorc qristians Segnebuli aqvs pativmoyvareobis 

saZraxisoba, magram TavisTavSi mis aRmofxvras 

ki ar cdilobs, aramed RmerTisgan pativmoyvarul 

miswrafebaTa Sendobas elis da imedovnebs, rom 

maT Zalas sasikeTo moRvaweobaSi gadaadnobs. Tumca 

pativmoyvareobis SemoqmedebiT energiad savsebiT gardaqmna, 

misi savsebiT uvnebelyofa ar xerxdeba. 

pativmoyvareoba ise Rrmad aris gamjdari grigolis 

arsebaSi, rom mis garegnul Tavmdablobasac sarCulad 

dayveba _ saeklesio ierarqis didebaze is uars imitom 

ambobs, rom mxolod wmindanis dideba aiyvans yvelas- 

Tvis, maT Soris mefisTvisac miuwvdomel simaRleze... 

grigoli kompromisze midis Tavisi pativmoyvareobis, 

gandidebisken swrafvis winaSe, im ltolvis winaSe, 

romelic qristianuli TvalsazrisiT satanuria da 

romlis daTrgunva aris morwmunis da miTufro asketis 

mudmivi sazrunavi. raki qristianoba satanis da adamianis 

dacemis mizezad gamrudebul Tavisufal nebas, 

Tavnebobas da TavmoTneobas miiCnevs, igi uwinaresad 

swored am sawyisTan brZolas saxavs aucileblobad. s. 

averincevis TqmiT, `qristianul asketikaSi, saboloo 

138

angariSiT, amosavalia `morCilebis~ da `TviTnebobis~ 

dapirispireba, neoplatonur asketikaSi _ sulis da 

materiis dapirispireba~. 

grigoli askezas naklebad mimarTavs TavmoTneobis 

dasaZlevad da Tavisi mtkice nebisyofis mTel Zalas 

xorcieli ltolvebis aRkveTas axmars. rac ufro didi 

da Zlieria misi faruli pativmoyvareoba, miT ufro 

sastikad axSobs igi xorcielebas da uaxlovdeba Tavis 

mizans, wmindanis simaRlis miRwevas. magram mTavari is 

aris, rom wmindanoba mizania ara TavisTavad, aramed 

imdenad, ramdenadac igi Tavisi simaRlidan amqveyniurobaze 

mbrZaneblobs. miwieri samyaros uaryofa am 

samyaroze Teokratiuli batonobis SesaZleblobis 

momniWebelia. 

xorcis damTrgunavi Tavgametebuli asketuri Rvawlis 

Sesaxeb grigoli eubneba Tebronias: ìs aris gza 

cxovrebisadmi dausrulebelisa, igive mauflebs me 

qveyniur ZalTa zedan yovelgvarTa. kargad Seigne: 

igive mauflebs me yovelTa qveyniurTa ZalTa zedan! 

Senc gauflebs, Cemo kargo~; nebisyofis gamowrToba 

xorcieli swrafvebisadmi dapirispirebis sisastikeSi, 

TavisTavze batonobis unaris srulyofa sxvebis damorCilebis 

wanamZRvaria. mkacri TviTaRkveTa grigolis- 

Tvis sakuTari Zalauflebis damkvidrebis saSualebaa. 

Tebronia, misi siyvaruli Wirdeba grigols, raTa 

xorcTan brZolas simwvave Sematos da Tavisi nebac 

ufro metad gamobrZmedos, siyvarulis msxverplad SewirviT 

RvTis winaSe Tavisi Rvawli gaadidos. grigolisTvis 

Tebronia TiTqos cdispiria, romelzec Zalebs 

mosinjavs _ TavisTavze da sxvebze batonobisas. 

aRwevs kidec sawadels, Tavsac imorCilebs da qalis 

nebasac Tavisi mZlavri gavlenis areSi samudamod 

moamwyvdevs. 

Tebronias uaryofil, tanjul siyvaruls mwerali 

gamosaxavs rogorc emociaTa mravalferovan gamas, 

imeds da sasowarkveTas Soris meryeobis wamebas, romelic 

agresiul impulsebsac moicavs. Tebronia asketi 

xdeba ara RmerTis siyvarulis, RmerTTan sulieri 

139

miaxloebis wyurvilis ZaliT, aramed imis gamo, rom 

moSurne mtrobiT da zizRiT iJRinTeba misTvis miuwvdomeli 

miwieri siyvarulis da bednierebisadmi, romelsac 

codvad mxolod imitom Tvlis, rom TviTon mas 

ar xvda wilad. 

Tebronia da grigoli, TavisTavSi rom sastikad 

ixSoben miwier survilebs, Tavis irgvlivac imave sisastikiT 

lamoben maT amoZirkvas. es ar aris ucnauri, 

radgan adamianis siRrmiseuli mimarTeba sakuTari 

Tavisadmi da sxvebisadmi, rogorc e. fromi ganmartavs, 

arsebiTad erTgvarovania. gaugebari ar aris isic, rom 

grigolis da Tebronias warmodgenaSi arsebuli Rmer- 

Ti aRar aris lmobieri da gulmowyale, ganuzomeli 

siyvaruliT aRsavse qristianuli RmerTi, `romels 

sibraluliT evseboda guli adamianis tanjvis xilvazed 

da mzad iyo Seendo yovelTvis, yovelTaTvis~. 

sinamdvileSi isini Tayvans cemen `macxovars kacTa 

sisastikisagan Seqmnils, ugulos, romels gznebul 

koconzed ahyvanda yvela, vinc eaxleboda mas ara 

rogorc mona usityvo mis win mZrwolare~. RmerTze 

warmodgenis raoba gezs aZlevs rogorc RmerTisadmi, 

aseve TavisTavisadmi da sxvebisadmi adamianis damokidebulebas, 

mis faseulobebs da mizanswrafvebs. Tu 

adamians RmerTi SiSismomgvrel tiranad esaxeba, xolo 

sakuTar Tavs misi nebis mediumad miiCnevs, bunebrivia, 

is Zalauflebaze da batonobaze iqneba orientirebuli 

da Tavis zeciur kerps emsgavseba. swored ase formirdeba 

grigolis da Tebronias msoflmimarTeba. 

mefis sasiyvarulo kavSiris mxileba da darRveva 

xelsayrel saSualebad iqceva grigolis da Tebronias 

faruli zraxvebis realizaciisTvis. dgeba maTi moRvaweobis 

kulminaciuri momenti, roca sakuTari Zalebis 

sruli mobilizeba da demonstrireba unda moaxdinon, 

Tavisi Zalaufleba savsebiT da mtkiced daamyaron, 

mware marcxi agemon mefes da... siyvaruls, romelic 

TavisTavSi ase daundoblad gasrises, daundoblad, 

magram ara daunaneblad da es gamaborotebeli sinanu- 

140

lic aiZulebT Suri iZion maTze, visac didi siyvarulis 

bedniereba ergo. 

romanis personaJebs Soris grigolis saxe yvelaze 

rTulia. Tavisi msoflgagebis WeSmaritebaSi es Rrmad 

darwmunebuli kaci drodadro eWvis mtkivneul Setevebs 

ganicdis, SiSobs, xom ar uaryo Tebronias siyvarulis 

saxiT TviT RmerTis amqveyniuri gamocxadeba... 

aseTi eWvi eZaleba mas, roca Suqias daatyvevebs da 

monasterSi miyavs; grigoli mZlevelic aris da Zleulic, 

mbrZaneblobs qalze da amave dros ixibleba misiT, 

Sinaganad gatexilia orWofuli fiqriT... magram 

daeWveba mZlavri nebisyofiT CaixSoba da is ver arbilebs 

grigolis moqmedebis simkveTres. mis mier Suqias 

sulieri da faqtobrivad fizikuri iZulebiTac sasaxlidan 

gamoyvanis da monasterSi gamomwyvdevis aqti 

arsebiTad tiranulia. metoqeobis da gandidebis, batonobis 

maluli vnebebi, TviTdarwmunebuli Seuwynarebloba 

satanurad miCneulisadmi da misi yvelanairi sa- 

SualebiT ganadgurebis Jini bunebrivad gasruldeba 

ZaladobiT, codvilad Seracxilis sulze da sxeulze 

ZalmomreobiT; qristianoba, siyvarulis da Tavisuflebis 

religia, inkviziciad, Tavis sapirispiro movlenad 

gardaiqmneba. 

mefes SuqiasTan ZaliT ganSoreba sulierad axevebs, 

es ki mahmadianobisgan Seviwroebul qveyanas umeTaurod 

tovebs _ garegnulad saxelmwifos sakeTildReod 

ganxorcielebul aqts swored saxelmwifosTvis saziano 

Sedegi moyveba. grigoli, zneobis egzaltirebuli 

damcveli, gakvirvebiT acnobierebs, rom rac Rmer- 

Tis nebis Sesatyvisad warmoedgina, realurad Zalze 

Sorsaa qristesgan, misi lmobierebis da mimteveblobisgan; 

acnobierebs, rom marTebulia codvisadmi winaRdgoma 

ara sisastikiT, aramed adamianisadmi qristeseburi 

TanagrZnobiT; sisastikes, Zalmomreobas mxolod 

adamianisTvis Tavisuflebis warTmeva SeuZlia da 

ara misi WeSmaritebasTan miyvana, RmerTs ki surs, rom 

adamiani Tavisufali iyos da WeSmaritebasac Tavisuflad 

eziaros... axla grigoli imasac naTlad xedavs, 

141

a didi wili udevs qristianuli lmobierebisgan mis 

dacilebaSi TavmoTneobas da pativmoyvareobas, romlis 

nayofad mxolod did da keTil saqmeTa xilvis 

imedi hqonda. 

magram es gamofxizleba nagvianevia, radgan xorcielebis 

fanatikuri siZulvili arsebobs mdabiuri, ganuviTarebeli 

cnobierebis donezec da waqezebulia swored 

sarwmunoebriv winamZRolTa mier. monazoni ivdiTi 

grigolis da Tebronias arsis primitiuli da Semzaravad 

hipertrofirebuli xorcSesxmaa, romelsac logikur 

dasasrulamde, mSvenieri da saTno qalis barbarosul 

mospobamde miyavs maT mier wamowyebuli daundobeli 

brZola. Seuwynarebloba, ideologiuri agresia 

momakvdinebel fizikur agresiaSi gadaizrdeba. 

brZolis moTaveebis, grigolis da TebroniasTvis es 

moraluri kraxia _ asketebi, sulieri siwmindis da 

gmirobisken mZafrad mswrafveli adamianebi saSineli 

codvis pasuxismgeblobas kisruloben. maT maqsimalizms 

aSotis gasastikebac moyveba, xolo sarwmunoebis 

da eklesiis avtoriteti, imis nacvlad, rom ganmtkicebuliyo, 

ilaxeba, rac simbolurad gamoixateba 

romanis finaliT _ Suqias Zmebis mier aSotis taZarSi 

mokvliT. 

sakuTari Secdomis da misi samwuxro Sedegis mtkivneuli 

sicxadiT gacnobiereba grigols tragikul pirovnebad 

warmogvidgens. magram is mainc ver axerxebs 

Tavis Seupovar arsebaSi umTavresi qristianuli siqveleebisTvis 

_ lmobierebis da TavmdablobisTvis adgilis 

povnas. samyaro misTvis bolomde rCeba keTilis da 

borotis gaafTrebul kveTebad. `raindi iyo is mebr- 

Zoli eklesiisa da vin sTqva brZolaSi lmobiereba?!~. 

nebis da poziciis aseTi Seuryevloba grigolis figuras 

pirquS didebulebas matebs. 

grigoli da Tebronia TiTqos marTal saqmes, qristianuli 

zneobis ganmtkicebas emsaxurebian, am msaxurebis 

rezultati ki antiqristianulia, risi pirvelmizezic 

maTi usiyvarulobaa. siyvaruli rogorc urTierTltolva 

maT TavisTavSi jvars acves, magram maTSi 

142

Cakvdeba saerTod siyvarulis niWic, siyvaruli adamianisadmi, 

moyvasisadmi, romelic RmerTisadmi siyvarulis 

utyuari, metic, erTaderTi sazomia. isini asketebi 

siyvarulis xarjze arian, mTel Tavis religiur arsebobas 

amyareben siyvarulisgan daSretil xriok niadagze, 

energias da STagonebas poveben ara siyvarulSi, 

aramed imis Seurigebel siZulvilSi, rasac satanurad 

Tvlian. usiyvarulobis gamo maTTvis mTavari xdeba 

sakuTari Zalauflebis nebis dafuZneba, rac adamianis 

mimarT ulmoblobiT miiRweva. 

maT xelSi, romelsac siyvaruli ar warmarTavs, 

qristianuli zneobrivi kanonebi, RmerTis da kacis 

cocxali siyvaruli rom udevs safuZvlad, iqceva adamianis 

damTrgunav, gaxevebul da usulo konstruqciad, 

uxeS iaraRad, romliTac klaven siyvaruls, klaven 

RmerTs. roca yovelive amas viTvaliswinebT, SesamCnevi 

xdeba, rom romanis saTauri marto aSotis da 

Suqias tragikul siyvaruls ki ar gulisxmobs, aramed 

siyvarulis rogorc amqveynad movlenili RmerTis 

wamebasac. 

nawarmoebSi namdvil qristianul faseulobebs, adamianis 

siyvaruls, TanagrZnobas da gulmowyalebas, Semwynareblobas 

ganasaxiereben epizoduri, magram dasamaxsovrebeli 

personaJebi _ kaTalikosi, monazoni Temistio; 

udrtvinvelad swiravs Tavs RmerTs da qveyanas 

episkoposi timoTe, Cumi, ubralo beri... Tavisi bunebiT 

qristiania TviT Suqia, romelic yvelas mimarT keTilmosurnea 

da romelsac suls ar umRvrevs mediduroba; 

da bolos, nawarmoebs kacTmoyvaruli qristianuli suliT 

aTbobs avtoris lirikuli monologebi, komentarebi, 

CanarTebi. 

`trfoba wamebulis~ centralur konfliqts da 

mxatvrul sazriss qmnis avtoritaruli da humanisturi 

religiurobis dapirispireba. pirveli adamians 

SiSiT qeds moadrekinebs da araraobad aqcevs, mis Tavisuflebas, 

sulieri potenciis realizacias boWavs da 

adamianze batonobisTvis gamoiyeneba; meore adamianis 

individualobisadmi pativiscemas, Tavisuflebis da 

143

ednierebisken misi swrafvis bunebriobis aRiarebas da 

adamianis maRali, RvTiuri Rirsebis dafasebas emyareba. 

romanis mixedviT, qarTveli xalxis msoflgancda 

ewinaaRmdegeba avtoritarul religias da religiurobis 

humanistur tips mieltvis. `qarTveli sjulis moyvaruli 

iyo, misTvis Tavdadebuli, magram Tvis RmerT- 

Tan urTierTobaSi uarsa hyofda sastik wesebs; laRad 

moqmedebda winaSe RvTisa, rogorc mamis win, romlisadmi 

pativi da siyvaruli Rrma aris, Zrwola ki dakninebul-damcirebuli. 

uyvars qarTvels Tavisi meufe, 

xolo alRoTi icis, rom SiSi uaryofs yovel siyvaruls, 

gare gandevnis mas~. 

aseTi msoflmxedvelobrivi motivebi da problematika 

iqvemdebarebs romanSi istoriul realobas da 

istoriuli pirovnebebis, grigolis da Tebronias saxeebic 

amis Sesabamisad _ konceptualizebulad warmodgebian. 

maT monumentur figurebSi warmoCndeba avtoritaruli 

tipis adamiani. am figurebSi, erTi SexedviT 

Tanamedroveobas sruliad mowyvetili rom arian, obieqturad 

(avtoris mizandasaxulobisgan damoukideblad) 

meoce saukunis, mZvinvare avtoritarizmis epoqis 

sulieri fizionomiis nakvTebi icnoba. 

arsebobs garkveuli Tanxvedra barnovis romans da 

meoce saukunis evropuli literaturis zogierT movlenas 

Soris. avtoritarulad religiuri adamianis saxes 

qmnis fransua moriaki romanSi `fariseveli~. brijit 

piani qristianuli zneobis Tavgamodebuli damcvelia, 

RvTis nebis ukompromiso damamkvidrebelia, magram 

es sinamdvileSi am adamianis sakuTari nebis damkvidrebaa, 

garSemomyofi adamianebis moraluri terorizebaa, 

maTze batonobaa, riTac misi ampartavnoba da 

TavmoTneoba nayrdeba. man rogorRac yovelTvis zustad 

ìcis~, ras moiTxovs RmerTi adamianebisgan da Tavdajerebulad, 

uxeSad iWreba maT intimur cxovrebaSi, 

aseTi Carevis Sedegebi ki tragikulia. misi RmerTi 

iseTivea, rogoric TviTon aris _ siyvarulis unars 

moklebuli, Seubralebeli zedamxedveli. bolos mas 

TviTonve Sezaravs Tavisi usiyvarulo, moyvasisadmi 

144

ugrZnobeli da Seuwynarebeli RvTismosaobis codvili 

nakvalevi... moriakis TvalTaxedva qristianul humanizms 

eyrdnoba. 

Sexebis momentebi aqvs barnoviseul grigolis saxes 

JorJ bernanosis romanis `satanis mzis qveS~ mTavar 

gmirTan. donisans, Tavisi Tavisadmi uSeRavaTo askets, 

romelic sicocxlis azrs satanasTan heroikulad Tavganwirul 

da sastik brZolaSi povebs, aRar SeuZlia uyvardes, 

ar ezizRebodes adamianebi, romlebSic veRarafers 

xedavs satanuri simdablis garda da misi metismeti 

sicxare codvis amoZirkvisas axalgazrda qals 

Seiwiravs. boroteba sxva SemTxvevaSic Zlevs donisans 

sakuTar sagangebo misiaSi misi dajerebulobis gamo da 

kvlav matulobs adamianuri tkivili da ubedureba. 

Tavis titanur personaJs bernanosi Saravandeds ar 

aclis, magram imasve aCvenebs, rac barnovis romanSi 

davinaxeT _ ramdenad iolia humanisturi orientaciisgan 

acdena da swored borotebis gaZliereba imis aRmofxvris 

maqsimalisturi da fanatikuri cdisas, rac 

satanur borotebad daisaxeba. 

1992 

145

niko lorTqifaniZe 

saerTo elferi 

niko lorTqifaniZes dawerili aqvs araerTi Taviseburad 

momxiblavi, keTilSobilebiT da sifaqiziT savse 

nawarmoebi, sadac Sors da mkrTalad moCans miwa, cxovreba, 

adamiani... 

miTufro gasakviria ukiduresad fxizeli realizmi, 

romliTac niko lorTiqfaniZis moTxrobaTa erTi 

nawili gamoirCeva da romelic gansakuTrebiT mkafiod 

istoriul Temaze Seqmnil nawarmoebebSi vlindeba. 

niko lorTqifaniZe lirikuli bunebis mweralia, natif, 

rbil lirikul melodias gaadevnebs Tavis nawarmoebebs, 

xolo misi mravali miniatura mTlianad 

mgrZnobiare sulis lirikuli JReraa. 

magram istoriul moTxrobebSi niko lorTqifaniZe 

uaryofs lirizms, intimur-subieqtur tonalobas. 

`mrisxane batoni~, `JamTa siave~, `raindebi~ uCveulo 

obieqtivizmiT xasiaTdeba _ vgulisxmobT aramxolod 

imas, rom mwerali faravs Tavis subieqtur ganwyobas, 

ar amxels Tavis tendencias; am nawarmoebTa gansakuTrebul 

obieqtivizms kidev ufro metad gansazRvravs 

is, rom avtori ar kisrulobs megzuris da ganmmarteblis 

rols (anda naTelia, rom aseTi roli mas 

naklebad izidavs); ukuagdebs vrcel avtoriseul aRwerilobebs, 

saguldagulo da gabmul, Tanmimdevrul avtoriseul 

Txrobas; aq iSviaTad Tu vnaxavT avtoris 

mier mowodebul personaJTa daxasiaTebebs, imasac 

metismetad Zunws; mwerali ar gvTavazobs gmirebis 

`savizito baraTebs~... 

niko lorTqifaniZis es moTxrobebi aRiqmeba reaqciad 

prozaSi aRweriTi da TxrobiTi komponentebis si- 

Warbis winaaRmdeg. mwerali Segnebulad iswrafis gandevnos 

an ukiduresad SezRudos yvelaferi is, rac, misi 

rwmeniT, xels uSlis prozas iyos ufro kompaqturi, 

146

moqnili da sinamdvilis TviTmdinarebis meti uSualobiT 

aRmbeWdveli. 

epikuri siuxve, sisavse da safuZvlianoba aSkarad 

ar aris istoriul moTxrobaTa sayrdeni mxatvruli 

principi. magram mas enacvleba ara lirikuloba, aramed 

prozis Sinagani wyobis miaxloeba dramasTan, prozis 

mkveTri dramatizacia _ aseTi daskvna SeiZleba gamovitanoT 

pirveli dakvirvebis Semdeg. 

literaturaSi gardaqmnebi yovelTvis sruli mxatvruli 

simarTlis dasamkvidreblad xorcieldeba da am 

SemTxvevaSic asea. istoriuli triptiqis avtori nebayoflobiT 

uCinardeba, raTa TviT sinamdvilis xedebi 

gadagveSalos Tvalwin, TviT sinamdvile ametyveldes 

da SevxvdeT mas TiTqosda xelovanis dauxmareblad, misi 

mediumobis gareSe. 

da marTlac, niko lorTqifaniZem ucnaurad moaaxlova 

warsuli, TiTqos ki ar Seqmna istoriis suraTi, 

aramed ubralod farda gadawia da mis miRma gardasuli 

yofa amoZravda. `mrisxane batoni~, `JamTa siave~, `raindebi~ 

dokumenturobis STabeWdilebas aRZravs. 

amave dros mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi manera arsebiT 

cvlilebebs ar ganicdis: fragmentuloba, wyvetili, 

mqrqalad moniSnuli xazebi, myife, gabneuli kompozicia... 

sruli naturalurobis, namdvilobis STabeWdileba 

miRweulia ara wvrilmanTa, detalTa naturalisturi 

daxvavebiT, ara mxatvruli energiis daZabviT da 

gamomsaxvelobis gamZafrebiT, aramed funjis Zaldautanebeli, 

nebieri da iSviaTi monasmebiT. 

vrcel nawarmoebebSi da sxvaganac niko lorTqifaniZis 

fragmentuli, texili manera, romelic impresionistuli 

warmomavlobis Cans, Zalian gavs imas, rac kinoxelovnebaSi 

montaJis saxeliT aris cnobili. 

`kadrebi kinoSi ar gaiSlebian Tanmimdevrul wyebad 

_ kadrebi enacvlebian erTmaneTs. aseTia montaJis safuZveli. 

isini monacvleoben ise, rogorc erTi saleqso 

striqoni, erTi metruli mTlianoba icvleba meoriT 

_ zust sazRvarze. kino axorcielebs naxtomebs 

kadridan kadrisken, rogorc leqsi _ striqonidan 

147

striqonisken... arsebiTad kadri mniSvnelovania rogorc 

mxolod `warmomadgeneli~: mocemulia xolme ara 

im scenis yvela kadri, romelsac gmiri ixsenebs, aramed 

mxolod detali _ erTi kadri. saerTodac, kadri ar 

amowuravs ama Tu im fabulur viTarebas, aramed gvevlineba 

mxolod mis `warmomadgenlad~ kadrTa urTierTmimarTebaSi~ 

(iuri tinianovi, kinos safuZvlebis 

Sesaxeb). 

niko lorTqifaniZis poetikis Taviseburebas mniSvnelovanwilad 

swored montaJi, `kadrebis~ naxtomuri 

monacvleoba qmnis. 

gavixsenoT lorTqifaniZiseuli nusxebi, romleb- 

Sic saerTo stiluri tendencia yvelaze aSkarad mJRavndeba: 

`jamebiT xarSo... meriqifeebi... doqebi... kaTxebi... 

suni da oxSivari moxarSulisa da Semwvarisa; jer 

kidev Cumi sma; gamalebuli Wama...~. amgvari nusxis TviTeuli 

elementi arsebiTad warmoadgens calke 

`kadrs~, romelic msxvili planiT aRibeWdavs garkveul 

gamosaxulebas da yoveli `kadri~ mxolod niSania, 

`warmomadgenelia~ ama Tu im fabuluri viTarebis, ar 

amowuravs mas. niSanTa moZraoba ki swrafi da 

naxtomuria. 

es principi metnaklebi simkveTriT vlindeba, magram 

gamWolia. mwerali xSirad uecrad wyvets pasaJs, 

kvecavs dialogs, suraTs, gverds uvlis gardamaval 

fazebs da erTbaSad, Semzadebis gareSe warmoaCens moqmedebis 

ganviTarebis gviandel etapebs. ai, erTi damaxasiaTebeli 

nimuSi: `_ daewie stumrebs! leCxumel batons 

xom icnob, imas miarTvi jer es wigni; Tu ar mii- 

Ros, es dambaCa miarTvi da moaxsene, dagviwyebia-Tqo... 

_ ki, batono. _ biWi didxans ar dabrunebula. igi aTvalierebda 

wignis suraTebs, waikiTxa sayvareli taepebi 

da mere daewia ZunZuliT cxenosnebs. _ miarTvi? ki, 

batono. _ ra giTxra? _ araferi, batono, mxolod wigni 

ukanve miboZa...~. 

Zalze naTlad Cans kompoziciis montaJuri agebuleba 

epizodidan epizodze, scenidan scenaze naxtomur 

gadasvlebSi. ucabedad, motivirebis gareSe Cndeba 

148

axali segmenti, ufro zustad, misi Suaguli, erTi SexedviT 

nebismierad SerCeuli nawyveti. calkeuli suraTebi 

uwyvet rigad ki ar ganlagdebian, maraosavoT ki 

ar iSlebian, uSualo logikur gagrZelebas da dasrulebas 

ki ar poveben momdevno suraTebSi, aramed Tavisuflad 

da àrakanonzomierad~, myisierad cvlian erTmaneTs 

rogorc kinematografSi. 

TvalTaxedvis aseTi winaswarganuWvreti, TiTqosda 

spontanuri gadanacvlebebi avseben sinamdvilis TviTmoZraobis 

iluzias, aZliereben naturalurobis 

STabeWdilebas. 

mwerali montaJurad warmarTavs sakuTriv Txrobis 

processac _ dawvrilebiTi, amomwuraobaze orientirebuli 

Txrobis gaSlis nacvlad sauwyeblis natexebs 

moabnevs. `kadrebis~ monacvleobiT sxartad da mkveTrad 

aRibeWdeba ambavi, romelic Tavis emociur saxes 

TiTqos msxvili planiT gviCvenebs: 

`gavidnen welni. 

Sinaurma da gareulma qurdebma gaaRataka glexoba. 

aznaurni ajanydnen. 

mezoblebma jer gaaoxres, moiTareSes da bolos 

mTlad miiTvises cixe, saxl-kari... 

TviT coli, erTguli coli, pirvelad ZaliT gatacebuli, 

xasaT daisva Tedom...~. 

istoriul moTxrobaTagan gansxvavebiT `Tavsafrian 

dedakacSi~ am xerxis meToduri gamoyenebiT mTeli 

mxatvruli realobis gammsWvalavi lirikuli, naRvliani 

fiqris ganwyobacaa gaRvivebuli, konkretizebuli 

TxrobiT Seuvsebel sivrces elegiuri poezia avsebs... 

montaJi, wyvetilebi, kinoTxrobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

dinamizmi, siuJetis naxtomebrivi ganviTareba, 

rac suraTze Riobebs tovebs, istoriul moTxrobebSi 

moulodnelad intensiurs xdis xedviTobas. 

`mrisxane batoni~, `JamTa siave~, `raindebi~, SeiZleba 

iTqvas, isea Sesrulebuli, rom naxmari ar aris arc 

erTi feri, saRebavi _ ferwera specifikuri mniSvnelobiT, 

anu samyaros ferebiT gamosaxva ucxoa am nawarmoebebisTvis. 

magram kidev ufro sagulisxmoa is, rom 

149

maTSi, Tu davukvirdebiT, ar aris warmosaxuli sagnobrivi, 

nivTieri sinamdvile, romlis erT-erTi maxasia- 

Tebelic feri iqneboda. aq praqtikulad ar aris portretebi, 

peizaJebi, interierebi, TiTqmis sruliad ar 

aris aRbeWdili garemo, sadac personaJebi cxovroben 

da moqmedeben _ isini TiTqos cariel sivrceSi moZraoben. 

mwerali ar cdilobs TvalsaCinod, konkretuli 

niSan-Tvisebebis gamorCeviT da grZnobad-materialuri 

sisavsiT daxatos xiluli, xelSesaxebi samyaro. 

grafikuli monaxazic didi iSviaTobaa, araTu sityvieri 

ferwera am cnebis farTo gagebiT _ sinamdvilis 

ieris sityvaSi gacocxleba. 

es miTufro ucnauria, rom istoriul nawarmoebeb- 

Si, Cveulebriv, gansakuTrebuli adgili eTmoba land- 

Saftebis Tu epoqis anturaJis, vTqvaT, personaJTa 

tanisamosis aRweras... 

rogori mkveTri, `JReradi~ saRebavebiT, grZnobadi, 

xorcieli detalebis rogori TavmoyriT SeiZleboda 

daxatuliyo Tundac vaxtangis da cicinos daxocvis 

Semzaravi suraTi `mrisxane batonSi~, magram mwerali 

sisxlis arc erTi wveTiT ar Rebavs mas _ igi fizikuri 

qmedebis ZiriTad fazebs aRnusxavs da dinamiurad miadevnebs 

erTmaneTs. 

amgvari stili specifikur TvalsaCinoebas qmnis _ 

mkiTxvelis warmosaxva iZabeba da maxvildeba, uneburad 

cdilobs `xarvezTa~ Sevsebas. aseTi xilvadoba, bunebrivia, 

naklebad materializebulia, aq mTavaria Sinagani 

xedvis unaris TviT mobilizeba. 

saxviTi planis simwire istoriul moTxrobebSi sagangebod 

gamiznulia: is, rom stilis mier gverdavlilia 

sinamdvilis, cxovrebis mTeli fenebi, badebs gulis 

SemkumSavi sicarielis, ganZarculobis, siduxWiris 

gancdas, gvaiZulebs mtkivneulad vigrZnoT am 

cxovrebis gapartaxeba Tu gaSiSvlebuli sisastike. 

aseve, istoriul triptiqSi sinamdvilis feriTi aspeqtis 

gauCinareba gansazRvravs imas, rom gamosaxuli 

realoba erTi, erTaderTi elferiT aRbeWdili, bindSi 

CaZiruli da TalxiT mosili warmogvidgeba. simuqis am 

150

TiTqmis fizikurad mkafio SegrZnebas kidev ufro am- 

Zafrebs sxva garemoebac _ niko lorTqifaniZis istoriul 

tiloebze ar aris sinaTlis wyaro, mis mier Seqmnil 

mxatvrul sinamdviles araferi anaTebs, aq dedamiwas 

cidan Suqi ar wvdeba; adamianebi TiTqos bnels CaunTqavs, 

isini TiTqos wyvdiadSi ugzoukvlod 

rialeben. 

niko lorTqifaniZe `Zvel matianeSi aRwerili romelime 

namdvili SemTxvevis beletrizacias ar axdenda, 

igi ar qmnida uSualod raime istoriul qronikaze agebul 

nawarmoebs, aramed saqarTvelos istoriis ramdenime 

monakveTidan miRebul STabeWdilebas asaxavda da 

maSindeli istoriuli sinamdvilis saerTo elferis 

aRdgenas cdilobda~ _ wers simon Ciqovani. 

ase, am saSualebebiT gamosaxa mweralma gardasuli 

cxovrebis mkacri tonaloba, mianiWa mas iSviaTi mxatvruli 

mTlianoba da xelSesaxebloba. 

1982 

151

tiranis saxecvaleba 

Tu Zvel literaturaSi qristianobisTvis wamebul 

personaJebs vxedavT, bolo saukuneebis literaturis 

personaJTa nawili ewameba imis gamo, rom qristianobas 

mowyda. gviandeli literaturis zogierT personaJs 

codvilobis, cdomilebis da urwmunobis `martvili~ 

SeiZleba vuwodoT. 

urwunobiT suldamZimebuli, mravali codvis Camdeni, 

sastiki tirani, romelsac niko lorTqifaniZe xatavs 

`mrisxane batonSi~, bolos uecrad qristianul askezas 

tvirTulobs da Tumca levanis gardaqmna ucnauri 

da gaugebari Cans, sinamdvileSi mis mier Tavisi 

gamrudebuli cxovrebis erTbaSad uaryofa fsiqologiur-mxatvrulad 

savsebiT marTali da aucilebelia. 

adamianebs Soris tirani, albaT, yvelaze Sors aris 

qristesgan, misi yvelaze `srulyofili~ antipodia, 

radgan Zalmomreoba da daundobloba yvelaze metad 

upirispirdeba qristianul siyvaruls da gulmowyalebas. 

cnobierad Tu gaucnobiereblad tirani eswrafis 

RmerTs Seenacvlos, TviTon iqces uzenaes arsebad, 

romelic adamianTa beds ganagebs. amitom RmerTi tiranisTvis 

`xelisSemSlelia~, is RmerTisgan aucileblad 

unda gaTavisufldes (Tundac Tavs RvTis nebis ganmaxorcieleblad 

acxadebdes). Rrmad kanonzomieria, rom 

saxarebaSi upirvelesad swored tirani _ herode mo- 

Cans qristes sapirispiro polusze, gaafTrebiT 

mtrobs qristes, ewinaaRmdegeba amqveynad mis movlinebas. 

meore saxarebiseuli tirani, pirvelis mosaxele, 

ioane naTlismcemlis mkvleli, mTeli Tavisi arsebiT 

_ usiyvarulobiT, garyvnilebiT, ZaladobiT, SeubraleblobiT 

_ qristianobisadmi absoluturi siucxovis 

gansaxierebaa. 

`mrisxane batonSi~ SeiniSneba ioane naTlismcemlis 

mkvlelobis bibliuri istoriis literaturul interpretaciaTa 

anarekli (kritikaSi miuTiTeben floberis 

`herodiadaze~ da uaildis `salomeaze~). magram niko 

lorTqifaniZis ZiriTadi Canafiqri da saTqmeli Tavi- 

152

seburia, qristianuli msoflgagebis da faseulobebis 

arsis organul wvdomaze dafuZnebuli. 

`mrisxane batonSi~ vxedavT, rom tirans bevri ram 

SeuZlia, magram ar SeuZlia is, rac yvelaze mTavari da 

faseulia _ namdvili siyvarulis gancda da meore adamianSi 

misi gaRviZeba. vidre borotebis gzas daagdebdes, 

levani marcxdeba am gzaze, kargavs qals, romlis- 

Tvisac tiranis antagonistis zneobrivi sisufTave, sikeTe 

Rrmad momxibvleli da demonuri vnebebisgan gama- 

Tavisuflebeli aRmoCndeba. sikeTis mimzidvelobis winaSe 

tiranis mTeli Zalmosileba da sisastike uRonoa 

_ mas SeuZlia sikeTe fizikurad daTrgunos, magram 

mis substanciur, arsismier WeSmaritebas da momxibvlelobas 

ver anadgurebs. 

adamianuri yofierebis siRrmiseul ganzomilebaSi 

borotebis, agresiis, uxeSi materialuri Zalis uZlurebis 

danaxva aiZulebs `mrisxane batonis~ mTavar 

gmirs, Sebrundes sikeTis saTavisken, RmerTisken. 

2004 

153

yalbi miTis rRveva 

yvelasTvis cnobilia, rom diqtaturis pirobebSi 

simarTle, rogorc wesi, dums, xolo sicrue gamayrueblad 

xmaurobs. magram maSinac ki, roca amis gakeTeba 

TiTqmis SeuZlebeli iyo, CvenSi iqmneboda calkeuli 

nawarmoebebi, romlebSic antitiranuli paTosia 

gamovlenili. 

moTxrobaSi `qeduxrelni~ niko lorTqifaniZe nar- 

Taulad aRbeWdavs Tavis Tvalsazriss sastik droze, 

romelSic cxovreba mouxda. 

legendas suramis cixeze igi am drois Sesatyvis siuJetur 

da azrobriv-emociur struqturas aniWebs. 

`qeduxrelni~ sakmaod TvalsaCinod aireklavs Tavis 

Tanadroul realobas _ nawarmoebi iwereboda 1938-44 

wlebSi _ xelisuflebis represiulobas, xalxis uuflebobas 

da wamebas, siRaribes, oms... es iwvevs folkloruli 

Tu literaturuli tradiciis mkveTr gadasinjvas, 

rasac ukve is moaswavebs, rom niko lorTqifaniZe uars ambobs 

fabulis geografiul SemosazRvrulobaze _ moTxrobaSi 

surami ar ixsenieba. sivrcis (da drois) lokalizaciis 

uaryofa Seesabameba mwerlis miswrafebas, 

simboluri mniSvneloba misces ambavs, igavi Seqmnas misgan. 

`qeduxrelnSi~ deklarirebulic aris gamijvna legendis 

literaturuli versiisgan, daniel WonqaZis 

`suramis cixisgan,~ sadac Tqmuleba arsebiTad saSineli 

qaluri SurisZiebis motivzea dayvanili _ mTxrobeli, 

saxalxo mTqmeli iwunebs legendis mwignobrul 

variants da acxadebs, rom yvelaferi sxvanairad iyo, 

ise, rogorc igi gviambobs. mas aqvs kidec amis ufleba, 

radgan TviTon icxovra imgvar sinamdvileSi, rogoric 

mis mier naambob TqmulebaSia warmoCenili. mTxrobelis 

da gayiduli tyve gogonas Tavgadasavali am sinamdvilis 

raobas gamoxatavs _ adamianis sicocxle ukiduresad 

gaufasurebulia, mis beds Wirveuli SemTxveviToba 

atrialebs; uzneoba normalur movlenadaa qceuli da 

TiTqos arc gamoirCeva cxovrebis Cveulebriv mdinarebaSi, 

iseve ar imsaxurebs sagangebo yuradRebas, ro- 

154

gorc sxva SeCveuli movlenebi, vTqvaT, sunTqva an siaruli. 

da mweralic odnav komikurad Seferili uSfoTveli 

toniT gadmogvcems Tavisi gmirebis cxovrebis 

peripetias, romelic bednierad sruldeba _ isev SemTxveviTobis, 

amjerad bednieri SemTxveviTobis ZaliT. 

moTxrobis eqspoziciur nawilSi niko lorTqifani- 

Ze yofiTi realizmis meTodiT aRbeWdavs im sinamdvilisTvis 

tipiur istorias, romelic Semdeg legendurigavuri 

saSualebebiT warmoisaxeba. amasTanave mTxrobelis 

piriT xalxi gamoTqvams Tavis azrs da miswrafebebs. 

epoqis tragikuli gamocdilebis miuxedavad mwerali 

mainc imedovnebs, rom xalxis gonierebis da zneobrivi 

grZnobis sruli daClungeba SeuZlebelia. 

saxalxo mTqmelis TvalTaxedva moTxrobaSi SeTavsebulia 

sxva, avtorisTvis Sinaganad mainc ufro organul 

TvalTaxedvasTan. mwerals nawarmoebSi Semoyavs 

axalgazrda arqiteqtori, ganaTlebuli, moazrovne da 

dakvirvebuli kaci, dRevandeli gagebiT inteligenti. 

igi Svelis avtors, miuaxlovdes gamosasaxvel samyaros, 

Tavisi sulieri gamocdileba, fiqri ufro Tavisuflad 

gaazavos masSi. 

ucxoeTSi saswavleblad wasuli ediSeri samSoblo- 

Si brundeba _ Cveni saukunis mravali qarTveli inteligentis, 

maT Soris niko lorTqifaniZis biografiis 

qarga gvecnoba. nawarmoebSi qveynis mdgomareoba metwilad 

am gmiris gaaxlebuli, cnobismoyvare mzeriTaa 

aRqmuli. bevri ram akvirvebs da eCoTireba, afiqrebs 

ediSers. 

mis aryofnaSi SemoRebuli wesis Tanaxmad pirvelad 

mefesTan unda gamocxaddes. sasaxles raRac ucxo ieri 

aqvs. `didia da ulazaTo, _ fiqrobda ymawvili, _ mZimed 

daswolia miwas. ar hgavs Cvenebur nagebobas _ na- 

Tels, msubuqs da garemosTan Sexamebuls. masala metia 

daxarjuli, vidre Sedegia miRweuli, nafiqri ufroa 

didebis STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad, vidre Seqmnilia 

gulisnadebis gamosaxatavad~. aseTi mouxeSavi, pompezuri 

arqiteqturuli stilis cnobac Zneli ar unda 

iyos CvenTvis. 

155

kidev ufro Semacbunebelia is, rac ediSers am mZime 

da uSno Senobis SigniT dauxvdeba. sasaxleSi SiSi, mefis 

monuri morCilebaa damkvidrebuli, uniWobas da 

pirferobas darCenia asparezi; xolo namdvili ostati 

sazarlad aris dasjili, radgan uars ambobs cixis SenobaSi 

cocxali adamianis Cakirvaze. ganwirulis gabedulebiT 

eubneba igi mefes simarTles imis Taobaze, 

ratom iSleba cixe. `_ ra giSlis xels? _ Tqven ... sZags 

yvelas es Tqveni cixe, hgoniaT, rom mtris magier Sig 

maTve CaaxrCobT...~. 

qveynis sisustis namdvili mizezi xelisuflebisadmi 

xalxis siZulvili da undoblobaa. tiranuli saxelmwifos 

ganmtkiceba xalxs afrTxobs, radgan amiT misi 

tanjva mxolod imatebs. xalxis aseTi ganwyobaa moTxrobis 

erT-erTi gamWoli motivia, es ganwyobaa araerTxelaa 

naCvenebi. mefis da xuroTmoZRvris konfliqti 

xalxis fantazias ase warmoudgeba: `yvelaferi miuxlia 

pirSi Tamamad, dalagebiT, xalxs yvelaferi SeuZlia, oRond 

Seni ar swamso. ver amourCevia, Sen, Sinauri mtarvali 

sjobixar, Tu saTareSod mosuli ucxo mterio. mefes dilegSi 

Caugdia... iq gvelebia, Turme, koWebamde wyali 

swvdeba, saxeze virTxebi daudis... dabrmavebula kidec, 

magram ver daiTanxma mefem mainc, cocxali kaci saZirkvelSi 

moaqcios~; anda am dialogs movusminoT: `ramdenia 

axla CvenSi qvrivi da oboli, zogi tyved aris wayvanili, 

zogi mohkles, magram bevri dilegsa da sakanSi 

lpeba. _ magas ar ityvi?.. Seniani rom gtanjavs _ isaa 

cecxli! ver gaarCev, vin sjobia, Sinauri Tu gareuli _ 

gind mgels SeuWamivar da gind mglisfer ZaRls~. 

xalxi gaTiSulia xelisuflebisgan, gareSe mterze 

ukeTesi ar gonia igi da ar cdeba: arsebiTi gansxvaveba 

ar aris despotiis mier daTrgunul da ucxoelebis 

mier dapyrobil qveyanas Soris. ucnauri ar aris, rom 

cixes ugulod aSeneben `naqiravebi da modenili~ adamianebi, 

romlebisTvisac es araa da verc iqneba sakuTari 

da sisxlxorceuli saqme, radgan qveyana maT ar ekuTvniT. 

qveynis baton-patroni sxvaa da xalxis Tavdadebis 

monapovarsac is miiTvisebs, Tavis sakeTildReod gamo- 

156

iyenebs da, gaZlierebuli, kidev ufro daundobeli 

iqneba qveSevrdomebisadmi. xalxi xvdeba amas da, bunebrivia, 

cixes simtkice akldeba. 

sxvanairia mefis logika: `lmobierebis~ bralia, rom 

sxva qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac sisastikes ar eridebian, 

àm qveyanas angrevs da awiokebs yoveli gamvleli~; 

saxelmwifos simtkicis misaRwevad arsebobs er- 

TaderTi saSualeba _ ukiduresi, araadamianuri sisastike; 

mxolod cocxali kacis dataneba miscems cixes 

saWiro simagres. 

suramis cixis legendaSi niko lorTqifaniZem aqtualuri 

simbolika aRmoaCina _ saxelmwifos Senoba 

aigeba adamianis sisxliT gaJRenTil saZirkvelze, igi 

iarsebebs sastikad natanji adamianis sicocxlis fasad. 

sainteresoa, rom msgavsi saxe gamoxatavs epoqis 

arss platonovis cnobil `qvabulSic~. 

dasanania, rom zogierT xelovans legenda Cakirul 

adamianze am simbolikis gareSe, aRmosavluri egzotikis 

Wrel saburvelSi gaxveuli warmoesaxeba... Tumca 

TviT veluri sisastike, romelic aq Tavs iCens, marTlac 

àRmosavluria~. àseTi sisastike arc Seefereba 

qarTvelis xasiaTsa da sxva Cveulebebs~ _ mefis gadajerebas 

cdilobs SeZrwunebuli ediSeri, romelsac 

cixis ageba daakisres. magram mefes aseTi ram ar miaCnia 

saSinelebad da mwerali migvaniSnebs, rom misi despoturi 

reJimi ucxoa qarTveli xalxisTvis: mefe gamahmadianebulia, 

Tavisi xalxis zneobis uarmyofelia. am motivirebis 

damajerebloba is aris, rom igi kulturulistoriul 

realobas eyrdnoba _ mahmadianuri samyarosgan 

rom ganizidebodnen, qarTvelebis imasac eswrafodnen, 

aeSorebinaT maTTvis miuRebeli saxelmwifoebrivi 

wyobileba _ aRmosavluri despotia. ar aris SemTxveviTi, 

rom moTxrobaSi `Cakirvis ideis~ Tavgamodebul 

adeptad warmodgenilia nalekari _ yofili mahmadiani... 

niko lorTqifaniZe guldasmiT akvirdeba, amowmebs 

qarTul sulierebas da cdilobs gaarkvios, aris Tu 

ara masSi iseTi Sreebi, romlebic mefis saSinel Canafiqrs 

SeiZleba asazrdoebdes. 

157

ediSeri monawileobs religiur dResaswaulSi da 

gaocebulia, `rom TviT viTom mlocvelni Tavis codvas 

ki ar inaniebdnen, aramed Tavis gaWirvebis mospobas, 

simSvides, bednierebas mosTxovdnen RvTaebas. aq ar iyo 

arc moskovSi nanaxi gulze mjiRis kvriT codvis aRsareba, 

arc italiis uaryofa aqauri cxovrebisa, arc kamaTi 

mlocvelTa Soris sarwmunoebaze. TviT dedabrebi 

mxolod wuTiT SeCerdebodnen eklesiis karebis win, 

anTebdnen Taflis sanTlebs da saswrafod modiodnen, 

rom ebaasnaT, garTuliyvnen, Tavisi ojaxuri ambebi gadaecaT 

unaxav nacnobebisTvis da gaegoT maTi ambavi~. 

Tu am dakvirvebas vendobiT, qarTuli religiuroba 

moklebulia midrekilebas fanatizmisken, daundobeli 

TviTgvemisken (rac iolad SeiZleba Semotrialdes 

sxvaTa gvemad); mas ar itacebs ganyenebuli Ziebebi, arc 

miwieri samyarosgan ganiltvis; piriqiT, RmerTisgan 

swored amqveyniur bednierebas iTxovs da moelis. rasakvirvelia, 

mwerals mxedvelobis areSi aqvs is, rac 

ufro tipiuria koleqtiuri cnobierebisTvis da ara 

movlenebis mTeli mravalgvarovani simravle; mTavaria, 

rasTan SedarebiT ras aniWebs eri upiratesobas, 

ras rogor afasebs, sad miuCens adgils Tavisi Rirebulebebis 

sistemaSi; ra ufro metad aris xalxisgan mosalodneli 

da ra _ naklebad. xolo xalxisgan, romlis 

religiuri grZnoba aseTi amqveyniuri da eqscesebs 

garidebulia, romlisTvisac ar aris damaxasiaTebeli 

gonebis damabnelebeli fanatizmi, araa mosalodneli 

adamianis Cakirvis sastiki ritualis keTilmyofelobis 

dajereba da ganxorcieleba. 

qarTuli religiurobis bunebaze niko lorTqifani- 

Zis dakvirveba, cxadia, ar aris yovlismomcveli, magram 

unda vifiqroT, rom istoriul procesSi gamokveTili 

misi arsebiTi Tviseba aq moxelTebulia. amgvari religiuroba, 

albaT, arc mTlad unakloa, oRond qimeruli 

ideebis da brma sisastikis gamRvivebeli ar aris. niko 

lorTqifaniZe marto `qeduxrelnSi~ ar iCens interess 

erovnuli religiurobis mimarT, mis adamianurad ara- 

158

mkacr xasiaTs da aseve adamianur sisusteebs igi rbili 

iumoriT gamosaxavs moTxrobaSi èpiskopozi nadirobaze~. 

erovnuli cnobierebis wyobaa gacxadebuli eklesis 

ierSic, romelsac ediSeri dResaswaulisas akvirdeba. 

mwerali qmnis qarTuli eklesiis dasamaxsovrebel 

mxatvrul daxasiaTebas. `gansacvifreblad aris SerCeuli 

adgili SenobisTvis, TiTqos Tan Sezrdili iyos 

mTasTan. iseTive nazi, msubuqi, iseTive mxiaruli da sadaa... 

es ar aris SiSisagan Seqmnili codvaTa mosananieblad, 

aramed siyvaruliT da aRtacebiT mSvenier bunebisadmi. 

mas arc gaqceva unda caSi, arc gaurbis sinaTlesa 

da haers, aramed stkbeba mzis sinaTliT, mTvaris 

SuqiT, mwvane WalebiT, yvavilebis surnelebiT da 

Soreuli zRviT.~ 

sicocxlis da silamazis moyvare, xalisiani msoflaRqmis 

xatia es nageboba. misi amSenebeli xalxisTvis 

ucxoa Seucnoblis winaSe iseTi Zrwola, sakuTari codvilobis, 

simdablis iseTi damTrgunveli grZnoba, romelic 

sazarel adamianur msxverplSewirvaSi ipovida 

sadinars; ucxoa sipirquSe, romliTac es rituali 

gamoirCeva. 

nawarmoebSi gamosaxuli religiuri dResaswaulis 

xasiaTi da atmosfero saero ufroa. RmerTi da wminda 

giorgi, visac dResaswauli eZRvneba, TiTqos aRaravis 

axsovs; xalxi erToba da mxiarulobs, sacirko sanaxaobas 

uyurebs, xelisuflebs amasxrebs (Tumca es dausjeli 

ar rCeba). magram misi qristianuli suliereba mkafiod 

mJRavndeba mis eTosSi. adamianisadmi TanagrZnoba, 

gasaWirSi myofis Sebraleba da daxmareba am xalxis religiuri 

gznebiT gancdili mrwamsia. `sofels ver gaaTbob, 

sofels ver Semosav, sofels ver daapureb. magram 

mSiers rom lukma ar gauwodo, ise nu gauSveb, titvels 

xeli mainc ar daafaro, ise nu dastoveb, gayinuli 

rom ar dazilo, ise nu daagdeb~. gulisxmierebaze aranakleb 

niSandoblivi aq realizmia, imis codnaa, rom sayovelTao 

keTildReoba miuRwevelia; is ki SesaZlebelia, 

yovelma kacma imdeni sikeTe gaakeTos, ramdensac 

gawvdeba. rogor gansxvavdeba aseTi TvalTaxedva maqsi- 

159

malizmisgan, romelic mTeli qveynierebis gabednierebaze 

mcire mizans ar cnobs... 

sxva eris Tu sarwmunoebis warmomadgenelTa mimarT 

qarTvelebis Semwynarebloba moinadirebs nalekars, 

romelic adre saqarTveloSi sayaCaRod dadioda. daRlilic 

aris es xalxi amdeni Zaladobisgan, sisxlis- 

Rvrisgan: dResaswaulze Sekrebilebi SiSiT adevneben 

Tvals Tokze mosiarule jambazs, ar undaT sisxliani 

sanaxaobis mowme gaxdnen. 

niko lorTqifaniZis prozaSi qarTuli sinamdvile 

calsaxovnad ar warmodgeba da arc misi mrude nakvTebia 

vualirebuli, magram `qeduxrelnSi~ mwerali xedvas 

mimarTavs ara erovnuli cxovrebis konkretul-istoriuli 

Wrilisken, aramed eris tradiciulad Camoyalibebuli 

msoflgagebis birTvisken. da masSi igi ver 

poulobs wesad danergili, religiuri kultis rangSi 

ayvanili sisastikis Zirebs, romelsac sasargeblo Tvisebebi 

miewereba... 

xelisuflebi amaxinjeben nalekaris ideas _ mis mier 

gagonili gadmocema gulisxmobs adamianis ara ZaliT 

Cakirvas, aramed nebayoflobiT msxverplgaRebas. 

esec saSinelebad miaCnia ediSers, magram gaWris nalekaris 

argumentebi. `Tu misi survilia, mokvdes, erTi 

dRiT adre Tavis nebiT, Tu ori dRiT gvian bunebis 

kanoniT... ar aris didi gansxvaveba da ubedureba. odnav 

meti tkivili xorcisa da meti araferi...~; Tavganwiruli 

xom samaradiso pativs moixveWs. xalxi ar iviwyebs, 

Tayvans cems Tavdadebulebs. igi yveba legendas gmirze, 

romelic martodmarto jiutad angrevs kldes da 

natexebisgan mTas agebs _ xalxis TavSesafars. magram 

mere `xalxs isev daatyda Tavze gareSe mterze ufro 

saSineli ubedureba~ _ tirania. igi legendaSi warmodgenilia 

mefe-monstrad, romelic Cvili bavSvebis tviniT 

ikvebeba da Tavdadebulis mier aRmarTul mTaze 

aSenebul sasaxleSi fuZndeba: xalxis TavdadebiT tirania 

sargeblobs, Semzarav Zalas iZens da xalxsve 

tanjavs. 

160

`sasaxleSi SeyvaniT yovel dRe SehyvandaT bavSvebi, 

magram gamosuli ki aravin enaxaT. sasaxlis namdvili ambavi 

aravin icoda, magram xmebi Tavzars scemda qveyanas. 

yvelaze saSineli TiTqos is iyo, rom vinc sasaxlis 

karibWes gadaacilebda, usastikesi sasjeliT, wamebiT 

da jojoxeTiT emuqrebodnen: araferi wamogcdes, aq 

rac naxo an gaigonovo, _ da isinic naxuliT gaSterebulni, 

ganagoniT gabruebulni, gadmodiodnen kisermoRrecilni, 

munjni da gaSterebulni. TviT Rrma sardafebSiac 

xalxi cdilobda pirispir aravis Sexvedroda, 

rom, Tu saWiro gaxdeboda, eTqva, arc minaxavs, arc 

ra gamigonia da, aba, vinc ar minaxavs, mas ras vetyodio. 

elvis siswrafiT qreboda am samTavroSi yoveli Rimi 

saxeze da Tvalebi mudam Secremlili rCeboda, tuCebis 

kuTxeebSi ymawvilTac ki naoWebi gauCnda. aRar ismoda 

araTu adamianTa galoba da simRera, TviT Citebmac ki 

Seswyvites WikWiki da stvena, haeri damZimda, TiTqos 

xeliT gasaxleCi gaxda da kaeSnis frinvelebma, sazari 

Sexedulebis qimerebma, majlajunebma da urCxulebma, 

ucnobma da unaxavma zlazvniT daiwyes haerSi foriaqi. 

da roca yvelas imedi daekarga, yvela beds Seurigda da 

yvela micvalebulTa sulebiviT rigSi Camdgari TviT 

gaemgzavra saflavisken, gamoCnda viRac ymawvili _ 

qadagi...~. 

es zRapruli fantasmagoria Zalian axlosaa realobasTan, 

sastiki epoqis utyuar anabeWds atarebs... Tumca 

adamianebma ician, rom sikvdili ar acdebaT, ver bedaven 

tiraniisTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevas. mainc aRmoCndeba 

Tavganwiruli kaci, romelic mospobs urCxuls, 

aRmoCndeba deda, romelic Svils Sewiravs Tavisuflebas. 

Svarcis `drakonis~ asociacias iwvevs es 

legenda. 

tirania emxoba, mefe-urCxulis sasaxle ingreva. 

swored am sasaxlis nangrevebze agebs xelisufleba cixes 

_ tiraniis Zveli siZlieris restavrireba unda 

isev xalxis Tavdadebis xarjze, Tumca iluzias qmnis, 

TiTqos qveynis da xalxis usafrTxoebaze zrunavs. 

161

uWirT ediSers da nalekars iseTi adamianis moZebna, 

romelic nebayoflobiT Caekireba, miTumetes, rom is 

unda iyos mdabio da arafrismqone, èrTperangiani~. 

aseTebi ki ar Tvlian Tavs movaleebad qveynis da mTavrobis 

winaSe, Tavganwirva aRzevebulebs moeTxovebaT 

_ ase fiqroben isini. bolos mainc miagneben imas, vinc 

mzadaa qveynisTvis Tavi dados. zurabis saxe mwerlis- 

Tvis Cveuli eskizuri maneriT aris moxazuli, magram 

misi Tavganwirvis fsiqologiuri wanamZRvrebi fiqsirebulia 

_ esaa mamis, qveynisTvis Tavdadebuli kacis 

magaliTi da martooba, romelsac samSoblos ubedurebaze 

wuxili da fiqri avsebs. 

zurabis Tavganwirva ar aris fanatikurad aRtkinebuli 

da ugono. mas savsebiT bunebrivi eWvebi uCndeba 

_ ixsnis ki qveyanas cixis aSeneba, anda kacis Cakirva 

marTla ganamtkicebs cixes? nalekari am kiTxvebis pasuxs 

xalxis rwmenis, tradiciis anonimur avtoritetze 

amyarebs. ase pasuxobs igi ufro adre ediSersac, romelic 

Cakirvas ùgunurebas da sisuleles~ uwodebs. nalekari 

Tumca gulwrfelad dajerebulia Tavis simar- 

TleSi, magram obieqturad igi exmareba xelisuflebas, 

saSineli saqme xalxis saxels amoafaros, rac tiraniis 

nacadi xerxia. 

sxva eWvic awvalebs zurabs: `mefe rom Cvensave 

xalxs apatimrebs... ar gvzogavs... Tu masve eqneba cixe, 

ufro ar gazviaddeba da ufro ar dagvCagravs?~. bunebrivi 

da gonivrulia zurabis dedis kiTxvac: ès wyeuli 

cixec raRad gvinda, Tu Sig CavikirebiT?~. nalekaris 

gansja, rom garedan saimedod daculi qveyana Tavis 

mmarTvelebsac alagmavs, arwmunebs zurabs Tavganwirvis 

aucileblobaSi. 

xalxis pirveli reaqcia zurabis gadawyvetilebaze 

gaognebaa, mis saR azrs es gonierebis sazRvrebis dar- 

Rvevad warmoudgeba, magram Semdeg gaogneba aRfrTovanebiT, 

enTuziazmiT da cixis mSeneblobaSi monawileobiTac 

ki icvleba. xalxi gamorCeuli siyvaruliT da 

pativiscemiT ekideba qveynisTvis Tavdadebuls da, ra 

162

Tqma unda, marTalia. magram es ar aris sruli simarTle, 

romelic sabolood gacxaddeba. 

enTuziazmi manamde grZeldeba, vidre cocxlad Cakirvis 

saSineli rituali daiwyeba. warmoudgeneli sisastikis 

naxva xalxs afxizlebs, saRad azrovnebis unars 

ubrunebs. àris ki RmerTi?! Tu RmerTi iyos, amden 

sacodaobas rogor uyurebs, gulxeldakrefili? mouSvas 

erTi cecxlis wvima da kupris niaRvari!~; àseTi 

arc cixe minda da arc taxti!~; àmis yurebas, me wamiyvanon 

tyved, ara sjobia?!~. xalxis azri ubralo, gonivruli 

da keTilia _ aseTi msxverplSewirva uRmerTobaa; 

ar arsebobs araferi ise mniSvnelovani, rac aseT 

sisastiked Rirdes. sxvaTaSoris, analogiuri azria 

gamokveTili suramis cixis motivze daweril kita megreliZis 

literaturul zRaparSic; es nawarmoebi da 

`qeduxrelni~ TiTqmis erTdroulad iqmneboda. 

mainc xalxi pasiuri rCeba, sanam yvelafers naTels 

mofens xuroTmoZRvari. `_ vinc TqvenTvis Tavs sdebs, 

mas hqolavT?! Zvels Tqmulebas azraT hqonda, ueWvelia, 

gamoecada, aris Tu ara qveynisTvis Tavdadebuli, 

Torem namdvili Cakirva vis sWirdeba?! es gadmocema 

daiviwya kidec xalxma, rogorc veluri, da axla gindaT, 

isev aRadginoT! xom damtkicda, rom kidev aris 

Tavganwiruli xalxi...~. 

absurdulia viTareba, roca xalxis Tvalwin da 

TiTqos xalxis gulisTvis sastiki wamebiT uazrod 

kvdeba am xalxis saukeTeso Svili; is, rac xdeba, barbarosobis, 

arqauli sisastikis da ugunurebis aRorZinebaa; 

gadmocemaSi ki WeSmaritia mxolod misi metaforuli 

mniSvneloba, romelic mdgomareobs Tavganwirvis 

umaRlesi faseulobis damkvidrebaSi; Tqmulebis sityvasityviT 

gageba da realizacia mTeli im kulturuli 

gamocdilebis daviwyebaa, romelic velurobas aSorebs 

adamians; gadmocemis arsi droTa ganmavlobaSi Seicvala, 

gakeTilSobilda, zustad ise, rogorc warmarTuli 

sakerpo gardaiqmna qristianul eklesiad, romelic 

moTxrobaSia aRwerili. `TviT eklesia xom marto trapezidan 

Sedgeba. da Sig trapezi rom aris, es xom lodia, 

163

msxverplis zed dasadebad da dasaklavad. hgavs, qristianebs 

saZirkvelze Sesaferisi saydari auSenebiaT; 

ase SeuerTebiaT Zveli da axali~. 

aq isic miniSnebulia, rom qristianobam sisxliani 

msxverpli gaauqma. man Zireulad Secvala da aamaRla 

msxverplSewirvis idea _ RmerTs rames an vinmes ki 

aRar wiraven, aramed, qristes msgavsad, sakuTar suls, 

sicocxles. 

adamianis msxverplad Sewirvis uaryofas da msxverplgaRebis 

axali idealis Casaxvas ukve Zvel aRTqmaSi 

gvauwyebs abramis ambavi, romelsac RmerTi Svils moTxovs 

msxverplad, magram msxverplSewirva aRar gaxdeba 

saWiro, raki aRmoCndeba, rom abrami Sinaganad mzad 

aris misTvis. `qeduxrelnSi~ legenda cocxlad Cakirul 

adamianze iseT metamorfozas ganicdis, rom am 

bibliur ambavs emsgavseba _ igi sisxliani ritualis 

Sesrulebas ki aRar moiTxovs, aramed TavganwirvisTvis 

mzadyofnas. 

adamianis SenobaSi Catanebis rituali odesRac bevrgan 

unda arsebuliyo, savaraudoa, CvenTanac. jeims 

frezers òqros rtoSi~ aRnusxuli aqvs XIX saukunis 

saberZneTSi da transilvaniaSi SemorCenili Cveuleba 

_ Senobis saZirkvelSi kacis Crdils àtanen~. rogorc 

Cans, es adamianis msxverplad Sewirvis magiuri wesis gadmonaSTia, 

romelic, albaT, gaTvlili iyo imaze, rom moklulis 

ganrisxebuli suli mtrisgan daicavda Senobas... 

niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi tiranias surs 

aaRorZinos didi xnis win daviwyebuli, qristianobis 

mier aRmofxvrili barbarosuli wesi, adamianis msxverplad 

mitana. Tavganwirvis fenomens tirania uzneo 

manipulaciis sagnad aqcevs. magram qveyanas mainc Tavganwirva 

ixsnis, cxadia, ara imiT, rac Cafiqrebuli iyo, 

aramed gabedulebis impulsiT, romelsac igi xalxs gadascems. 

xelisuflebis sisastikiT aRSfoTebul xalxs 

zurabis araCveulebrivi Tavdadeba SiSs aviwyebs _ tirania 

emxoba. 

`qeduxrelnis~ koncefciis mixedviT, ubralo adamianebis 

zneobaze da gonierebaze bevrad aris damokide- 

164

uli qveynis da qveyanaSi Tavisuflebis bedi; xalxSia 

zneobriobis is maragi, romelic Tavganwirul gmirebs 

aRmoacenebs. etyoba, moTxrobis gammsWvalavma demokratizmma 

mouduna sifxizle `xalxis mtrebis~ gafacicebiT 

maZiebel `xalxis megobrebs~. 

arsebiTia is, rom zurabis Tavganwirva WeSmarit 

azrs da gamarTlebas SeiZens, WeSmaritad sasikeTo Sedegs 

gamoiRebs mxolod wamebuli, Tavdadebuli xuroTmoZRvris 

meoxebiT _ zneobrivad Zlieri xalxis 

da inteligenciis erTianobaa, mwerlis TvalsazrisiT, 

tiraniisgan gaTavisuflebis piroba. 

niko lorTqifaniZe qristianobaze damyarebuli 

qarTuli kulturis tradiciebis kvaldakval, Tundac 

`meranis~ da ilia WavWavaZis Semoqmedebis faseulobrivi 

orientaciis kvaldakval, Tavganwirvas saxavs adamianis 

zneobriobis umaRles gamovlinebad. magram mis 

winaSe axali, drois mier wamoWrili Zneli problemaa 

_ SeunarCunos Tavganwirvas namdvil RirebulebebTan 

kavSiri, gamoaaSkaraos antihumanuri miznebisTvis misi 

cinikuri eqspluatacia. igi tiraniis winaaRmdeg mimar- 

Tuli Tavganwirvis apologias qmnis. 

Zveli legendis meSveobiT niko lorTqifaniZem Tavisi 

garemomcveli sinamdvile igavurad warmosaxa rogorc 

civilizaciis regresi da barbarobisken ukuqceva; 

uRmerTobis, uadamianobis, ugunurebis samefo, 

sadac cxovrebas mZimed awevs yalbi miTi sisastikis ke- 

Tilmoqmedi, aRmSeneblobiTi Zalis Sesaxeb. am miTs 

arRvevs mwerali da arsebiTad antimiTs qmnis. 

dRes `qeduxrelnisadmi~ Cveni damokidebulebis 

ganmsazRvrelia aramarto niko lorTqifaniZis Canafiqris 

originaluroba da azris simaxvile, aramed ganyenebul, 

ramdenadme sqematur da Zunw TxrobaSi Sefaruli 

misi tkivili da protestis grZnoba, uimedo vi- 

TarebaSi SenarCunebuli simxneve, mwerluri sindisi, 

romelic simarTlis Ralats yvelaze araadamianur situaciaSic 

krZalavs. 

1988 

165

gabrZoleba 

dasavlur samyarosTan SepirispirebiT gaixsneba 

qarTuli cnobiereba niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi 

`Selocva radioTi~ da es samyaro aq Zalian kritikulad 

aris danaxuli. dasavleTisadmi kritikuli damokidebuleba 

meoce saukunis 20-ian wlebSi sxva qarTveli 

mwerlebis mier Seqmnil nawarmoebebSic aSkaraa. am 

damokidebulebas hqonda garkveuli obieqturi safuZveli: 

dasavluri kapitalizmi maSin jer kidev sakmaod 

uxeSi iyo; cxadia, arc dasavluri kolonializmi warmoadgenda 

humanisturi idealebis xorcSesxmas; pirveli 

msoflio omis Semdeg dasavleTs aryevda Zlieri 

politikuri da ekonomikur-socialuri winaaRmdegobebi, 

sulieri krizisi da faseulobaTa gamofitva, 

cxovrebis standartizacia da vulgarizacia, rasac 

ortega _ i-gaseti `masebis amboxs~ uwodebs; mainc yovelive 

amaze metad dasavleTisadmi negatiur ganwyobas, 

rogorc Cans, warmoSobda is, rom saqarTvelo marto 

aRmoCnda bolSevikuri ruseTis agresiis winaSe. 

niko lorTqifaniZis mier warmosaxul dasavlur 

samyaroSi fulis da materialuri simdidris kulti mefobs, 

usulgulo pragmatizmi gansazRvravs cxovrebis 

atmosferos. am samyaros ganasaxiereben ironiulad gariTmuli 

gvarebis mqone personaJebi — evropeli heqslei 

da amerikeli bromlei. heqslei cdilobs warmoCndes 

ise, rogorc moiTxovs Zveli evropuli, aristokratuli 

kultura (Zveli qarTulis msgavsi), warmodges 

rogorc Rirsebis grZnobiT aRsavse, samarTlianobis 

damcveli, siyvaruliT STagonebuli raindi, qalisTvis 

uangaro mfarvelobis gamwevi jentlmeni. SesaZloa, Sinaganad 

es roli mTlad ucxo arc aris misTvis, magram 

ar SeuZlia Tanmimdevrulad iTamaSos igi, radgan masSi 

mZlavrobs zneobrivad ganurCeveli swrafva simdidris 

moxveWisken, gamomyenebluri damokidebuleba adamianebisadmi, 

romelic jentlmenobas Tavis niRbad da 

instrumentad aqcevs. 

166

misgan gansxvavebiT amerikeli magnati bromlei òrfenovani~ 

ar aris, es gauTleli kaci, guSindeli kovboi 

ar TamaSobs da iniRbeba. igi bevrad aRemateba 

heqsleis energiulobiT, nebisyofis simtkiciT da mizanswrafulobiT. 

mas uxvad aqvs vitaluri Zalebi da 

ar emuqreba buninis mier daxatuli amerikeli kapitalistis, 

`san-franciskoeli batonis~ xvedri _ sicocxlisunarianobis 

daSretiT gamowveuli absurdulad 

uecari sikvdili. niSandoblivia is, rom niko lorTqifaniZis 

amerikeli personaJi TandaTan civilizebuli 

iers iZens, igi icvleba da izrdeba. tragedia, romelic 

moTxrobaSi xdeba, swored misTvis gamodgeba sulierebis 

gakveTili, is SeZlebs gaigos am tragediis mniSvneloba... 

qarTveli aristokrati qali eli gordeliani evropaSi 

heqsleis raindul-romantikul siyvaruls mindobili 

xvdeba, Semdeg ki aRmoaCens, rom es siyvaruli 

crua, rom martoa da mis garSemo angariSis da angarebis, 

praqticistuli racionalizmis sicive sufevs. 

is sastiki sicxadiT xedavs, rogor umzadeben heqsleis 

indoeli msaxuris, Tavisi batonis mier bromleisTvis 

miyiduli raminos beds, Tavdadebuli erTgulebis unariT 

haki aZbas rom gvagonebs. 

magram Tu TavisTavSi koncentrirebuli indoeli 

protestis niSnad uxmaurod uCinardeba, eli gordelianis 

protesti skandalur-eqscentrulia. saxifaTo 

erotiul SouSi monawileoba, cekva gvelebiT elis 

ajanyebaa usiyvarulobis da angarebis winaaRmdeg. igi 

erTbaSad emijneba usulo sinamdviles, Tavis irgvliv 

poetur-magiur sivrces Semowers da masSi mkvidrdeba. 

eli dasavlelTa gamomTvlel racios upirispirebs 

araracionalur gabedulebas, sicocxlis sasworze 

Segdebas, maT saqmian sifxizles _ dionisur Trobas da 

eqstazs, Tavdaviwyebas, maT nelTbil sasiyvarulo TamaSebs 

_ sikvdilis zRvarze yofniT gamZafrebul erotikas. 

gvelebiT cekva bunebis stiqiur ZalebTan, miwas- 

Tan siaxlovis gamoxatulebaa. es arqauli, ritualuri 

warmomavlobis mqone fenomeni Tavisi arsiT ewinaaRmdegeba 

racionalistur-teqnicistur dasavlur civi- 

167

lizacias, am civilizacias igi mxolod gasarTob sanaxaobad 

qceuli SeiZleba SeuTavsdes. 

eli gordelianis araordinaruli qmedebis mravalmniSvnelovan 

xatSi gamosWvivis qarTuli nacionaluri 

msoflgagebis, kulturis arsebiTi sazrisebi: TviTSewirvis, 

codvaTa gamomsyidveli msxverplgaRebis qristianuli 

principi (romelzec moTxrobis epigrafic 

migvaniSnebs); uRirsi sicocxlis aristokratulad amayi 

ugulebelyofa (gavixsenoT `sjobs sicocxlesa naZraxsa...~ 

an galaktionis striqonebi: `sikvdils me rodi 

SevuSindebi, igi, Zma, mudam Cvens mxarezea, me meSinia 

imgvar sicocxlis, sikvdils rom hgavs da uaresia~); 

bedisweris winaaRmdeg iracionaluri amboxis paradigma, 

araerTxel realizebuli saqarTvelos istoriaSi, 

rogorc, magaliTad, 1924 wels, ramdenime wliT adre 

niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobis daweramde; `giJuri 

ltolva~, aRbeWdili baraTaSvilis mier, romelsac 

elis saxe nawarmoebSi asociaciurad ukavSirdeba. 

qarTuli cnobierebis mTavar Tvisebad moTxrobaSi 

ikveTeba saswaulis rwmena da molodini. es cnobiereba, 

Spengleris klasifikaciis mixedviT, SeiZleba daxasiaTdes 

rogorc `magiuri suli~. misi gamovlinebaa elis 

imedi, rom gvelebiT cekvisas sikvdils saswaulebrivad 

gadarCenili samSobloSi dabrunebas SeZlebs. `magiuri 

sulis~ karnaxiT gamoaxmobinebs momakvdavi eli 

saqarTvelodan Selocvas, romelmac mas sicocxle unda 

SeunarCunos. magram elis bedis saswaulebrivad sasikeTo 

Semobruneba ar xdeba _ radio ar SeiZleba iyos 

jadosnuri Zalebis gamtari, aRmosavluri `magiuri suli~ 

da dasavluri racio, teqnika erTmaneTs gamoricxaven. 

Tavisi msxverplgaRebiT, ganwiruli heroikul-artistuli 

gabrZolebiT eli gordeliani maRldeba garemomcvel 

usulobaze, aRidgens dakargul Rirsebas. 

igi erotiul Sous nebiT Tu uneburad tragediad aqcevs 

da aaSkaravebs adamianisadmi momxmarebluri damokidebulebis 

usaxur arss. 

magram dasavlur civilizacias im mxareebTan er- 

Tad, romlebsac eli tragikulad aprotestebs, aqvs 

168

sxva, ufro Rrma da arsebiTi aspeqtic, romelic elis 

SeumCneveli rCeba da romelze dayrdnobiTac mas SeeZlo 

Rirsebis aRdgena tragikuli msxverplgaRebis gareSe. 

heqslei Caagonebs elis, rom Tavisi bunebrivi monacemebis, 

alRos da gonebis simaxvilis, gemovnebis waylobiT 

mas aqvs SesaZlebloba did warmatebas miaRwios 

dasavleTSi, vTqvaT, rogorc msaxiobma. heqsleis angareba 

amoZravebs, surs qali sakuTar kinobiznesSi Caabas 

da amiT sargebloba naxos. elic aq swored angarebas 

xedavs da amitom mtkivneulad aRiqvams da uaryofs 

heqsleis SeTavazebas. magram is ver Tu ar iazrebs, 

rom am SeTavazebis miReba saSualebas aZlevs mas, 

aRar iyos sxvis (anu heqsleis) kmayofaze, TviTon Seqmnas 

Tavisi arsebobis materialuri safuZveli, gaxdes 

damoukidebeli da Tavisi bedis ganmsazRvreli. is, rac 

qarTveli aristokratisTvis gaugebari da miuRebeli 

aRmoCndeba, aris dasavluri civilizaciis fundamenturi 

principi _ Tavisufali individualuri TviTrealizacia. 

dasavluri samyaros siZlieris da nayofierebis 

sawindaria is, rom am samyaroSi adamianebs mopovebuli 

aqvT SesaZlebloba, gamoamJRavnon da ganaviTaron 

Tavisi unarebi, SromiT da SemoqmedebiT daafuZnon 

sakuTari Rirseba da damoukidebloba. roca Tavisufali 

individualuri TviTrealizaciis principi xorcieldeba, 

cxadi xdeba, rom dasavlur civilizaciaSi 

swored igia mTavari da ara uaryofiTi tendenciebi. 

niko lorTqifaniZe ferebis gamuqebiT warmosaxavs 

Tavis Tanadroul dasavleTs, magram mainc moniSnavs 

masSi produqtiul, adamianisTvis gasaqanis mimcem sawyiss, 

romelic SemdgomSi ufro gamoikveTa da gaZlierda. 

eli gordelianma tragediiT, sikvdiliT daamkvidra 

Tavisi pirovnuli da erovnuli mniSvnelovneba, nacionaluri 

msoflgancdis radikalizebiT da mkveTri, 

gamomwvevi demonstrirebiT daadastura sakuTari Rirseba. 

misTvis ucxo darCa TviTdamkvidrebis dasavluri 

wesi, romelic naklebad romantikuli Cans, radgan yoveldRiuri, 

meToduri Sromis aucileblobas gulisxmobs. 

5 

2000 

169

mixeil javaxiSvili 

ideologia da xasiaTi 

bevri qarTuli literaturuli nawarmoebi ar aRelvebs 

qarTvel adamians ise, rogorc mixeil javaxiSvilis 

`jayos xiznebi~, XX saukunis `qarTlis Wiri~ da 

`bedi qarTlisa~. 

am romanis ukiduresad mwvave saTqmeli kvlav da 

kvlav gvaiZulebs fiqrs, daJinebiT gvTxovs yuradRebas. 

vin aris Teimuraz xevisTavi, ratom marcxdeba ase 

samarcxvinod, vis da ras ganasaxierebs igi _ ai, kiTxvebi, 

romelTa pasuxic rac SeiZleba mkafio da Sinaarsiani 

gvinda iyos. 

miCneulia, rom `jayos xiznebi~ aris alegoriul saxeebze 

agebuli nawarmoebi da is, rac am azrSi igulisxmeba, 

axloa simarTlesTan, magram, rogorc Cans, meti 

sizustea saWiro. 

unda gavixsenoT, rom alegoriuli saxe moklebulia 

TavisTavad mniSvnelobas da Rirebulebas, igi mxolod 

imis TvalsaCino nimuSs, magaliTs warmoadgens, rac 

saxis miRmaa. `jayos xiznebis~ personaJebi ki iseTi msuye 

saRebavebiT, ise ferxorcielad da reliefurad arian 

daxatuli, ise energiulad, vnebiT da gatacebiT gamoyavs 

mwerals maTi nakvTebi, rom SeuZlebelia isini 

gluv alegoriul figurebad aRviqvaT. 

SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es personaJebi satiruli 

gadaWarbebis meTodiT Seqmnil, mkveTrad individualizebul 

xasiaTebs warmoadgenen; amasTan erTad socialuri 

da fsiqologiuri tipiurobis niSans atareben. 

magram arc aseTi gansazRvrebaa savsebiT damakmayofilebeli: 

Cven vgrZnobT, rom Sinaarsi, romelic romanis 

personaJebSia ganxorcielebuli, ufro farTo da 

zogadia, vidre literaturulma xasiaTma an tipma SeiZleba 

moicvas. 

`jayos xiznebis~ personaJebi _ uwinaresad Teimurazi 

_ ideologiis ganmasaxierebeli xasiaTebi arian 

170

da swored amis wyalobiTaa, rom TviTon maTac da 

mTlianad nawarmoebsac simboluri ganzomileba da 

gamomxatveloba eniWeba. 

amgvar personaJs, erTi mxriv, aqvs SexedulebaTa 

garkveuli sistema, garkveuli ideologia, xolo meore 

mxriv, igi rogorc xasiaTi Tavadaa imave ideologiis 

gansxeuleba. xasiaTi iseTia, rogoric ideologias, mis 

raobas Seferis. 

Teimuraz xevisTavis individualoba misive msoflmxedvelobis 

satiruli metaforaa. xevisTavis pirovnuli 

arasrulfasovneba da siberwe xevisTavisve msoflmxedvelobis 

naklulovnebis saxeobrivi ukufenaa. xevisTavis 

pirovnuli marcxi im ideologiis kraxia, 

romlis adeptic is aris da romelsac asaxierebs. 

garkveuli ideologiis groteskulad utrirebuli 

gamoxatulebaa jayos saxe, xasiaTic. 

`jayos xiznebis~ siRrmiseuli kolizia ideologiuri 

koliziaa. mas ayavs romanSi aRbeWdili, droSi da 

sivrceSi lokalizebuli, empiriuli konkretulobiT 

da damajereblobiT warmosaxuli sinamdvile masStaburi 

ganzogadebis xarisxSi. 

ideologiur-msoflmxedvelobrivi planis meoxebiT 

mixeil javaxiSvili `jayos xiznebSi~ asaxuli movlenis 

mizezs iZiebs, Zirebs wvdeba. jayos gamarjveba 

kanonzomieria, gardauvalia, radgan umweoa msoflmxedveloba, 

romelic mas win unda aRdgomoda. 

raSi mdgomareobs Teimurazis ideologiis arsi? 

Teimuraz xevisTavi evropeistia, mas sjera axali 

evropuli kulturis principebis da Rirebulebebis, _ 

gonebis, mecnierebis, ganaTlebis da codnis, ekonomikuri, 

socialur-moraluri da politikuri progresis 

_ romlebic dasabams ganmanaTleblobaSi iRebs. 

xevisTavi darwmunebulia, rom goneba, azri ufro 

Zlieria, vidre sinamdvile, rom sinamdvile azris karnaxiT 

moZraobs da viTardeba. `movifiqroT, movisazroT~ 

_ akeria pirze Teimurazs; mas gonia, rom sakmarisia 

WeSmariti azris gamokveTa da realoba xalisiT 

aRasrulebs gonebis gadawyvetilebas. roca gamoirkve- 

171

va, rom yvelaferi sxvanairadaa mowyobili, is gaognebuli 

rCeba. 

àxali da cocxali cxovreba ara hgavda Teimurazis 

da imis maswavlebel mwignobarTa naroSvars. xedavda am 

ucnaurobas Teimurazi da gulubryvilod brazobda 

imis gamo, rom cxovreba wignebs ar emorCileboda, arc 

ki ekiTxeboda, da brZenTa nebadaurTvelad, Tavisi 

gziT Tavxedurad miabijebda~. 

Semdeg xevisTavi bolomde Seignebs Tavis ideologiur 

kraxs da imedgacruebulis geslianobiT laparakobs 

imaze, rac mis msoflmxedvelobriv orientirs, 

ideals warmoadgenda. `_ ooh, RmerTo didebulo! neta 

rodis ganibneva kacTa Soris es uudidesi crumorwmuneoba 

da maradiuli landi?! codna!.. ena!.. Segneba!.. Semecneba!.. 

RmerTma rom adamiani gaaCina, progresis, 

codnis da WeSmaritebis landi CasCara tikinasaviT... 

dasCoCavs mas aqeT xuTi wlis kacobrioba xuT mil... 

lion weliwads da amayad gaiZaxis: `codna! WeSmariteba! 

Segneba! metyveleba!~... Tavisi Tavi qveynis batoni hgonia 

da samyarosac ise epotineba, rogorc p... patara 

bavSvi mTvares~. 

adre ki Teimurazi xotbas asxamda gonebis, mecnierebis 

monapovrebs, kopernikis, galileis, niutonis, 

stefensonis did aRmoCenebs. TviTonac mecnierebis- 

Tvis iRvwis: xan qarTuli kulturis istorias wers, xan 

herbariums adgens, xan mwerebs agrovebs. 

Teimurazis gansakuTrebuli Tayvaniscemis obieqtia 

luka paColis mier Seqmnili buxhalteria, yvela 

amqveyniuri sikeTis safuZveli. ès qveyana buRalteriaze 

aris aSenebuli!.. sadac buRalteria ician, iq yvelaferi 

ician: wesi, dis...sciplina, Sroma da momavali, 

sadac ar ician, iq uwesoba, anarqia, arev-dareva da 

wyvdiadi mefobs~. 

sinamdvile, dawyebuli sameurneo sferoTi, racios 

unda ujerebdes, sxvanairad sazogado bedniereba miuRwevelia 

_ miaCnia Teimurazs. 

racionalizmi, Teimurazis gagebiT, pirvel rigSi 

swored materialuri kulturis ganviTarebisTvis aris 

172

aucilebeli piroba, burJuaziuli keTilgoniereba, 

yairaTianoba, angariSianoba materialuri progresis 

sawindaria. materialuri progresis idea ki Teimuraz 

xevisTavis msoflmxedvelobis fundaments Seadgens da 

mas igi qristianobis adgilas ayenebs, religiis mniSvnelobas 

aniWebs. 

`vaWrobisTvis da mrewvelobisTvis saWiroa didi 

Taosnoba, garja da momWirneoba, ese igi oris Sovna da 

erTis daxarjva, ese igi TavdaWerili, dinji da angariSiani 

cxovreba, sulisa da xorcis disciplina, ese 

igi Sroma da nebisyofa... ho, Sroma, isev Sroma da Sroma! 

Sroma axali drois axali sarwmunoebaa, axali religia, 

qristianobaze ufro mZlavri, ufro saWiro da 

sasargeblo~. 

da Teimurazic emsaxureba am axal religias _ racionalizms 

da materialur progress; ukve cxovrebisgan 

uaryofili, mainc ar wyvets ganmanaTleblur moRvaweobas, 

avrcelebs codnas, leqciebs ukiTxavs glexebs 

dasavluri mecnierebis da teqnikis saocrebebze, anda, 

vTqvaT, miwis gapoxierebis racionalur meTodze. 

amave dros xevisTavi arc ganmanaTleblobis humanur 

socialur-politikur principebs iviwyebs: qadagebs 

Zmobas da mSvidobas, erTobas da Tavisuflebas. 

rogorc ganmanaTlebluri idealebiT gamsWvalul 

enTuziasts SeSvenis, Teimuraz xevisTavi msoflios 

moqalaqea, mTeli qveynierebis bediT aris aRelvebuli, 

gulTan axlos miaqvs Soreuli qveynebis ambebi. misi 

fiqri kacobriobas dastrialebs Tavs. xevisTavi am 

mxrivac evropaSi sakmaod didi xnis dawyebuli moZraobis 

gamgrZelebelia, romlis Sesaxebac albert Svaiceri 

wers: `progresisken miswrafeba, ase damaxasiaTebeli 

XVIII saukunisTvis, religiur crurwmenebTan er- 

Tad nacionalur crurwmenebsac spobs. saukunis mowinave 

adamianebi mouwodeben erovnuli CarCoebis 

msxvrevisken da miuTiTeben kacobriobaze rogorc sidideze, 

romelsac idealebi unda SeeTanados~. Tumca 

Semdgom Teimurazi kosmopolitizmsac eTxoveba: `me 

173

om Cemi siyvaruli da energia mTel kacobriobas gavunawilo, 

Cems Zmas erTi memiliardedic aRar ergeba~. 

kacobriobis arseboba, adamianTa sazogadoeba racionalur 

sawyiss unda daemyaros; roca mecnierebis 

da ganaTlebis miRwevebiT SeiaraRebuli goneba mar- 

Tavs realobas, mkvidrdeba gonivruli da samarTliani, 

demokratiuli politikuri sistema, xorcieldeba materialuri 

progresi, xolo materialur progress daeSeneba 

zneobrivi progresi, miiRweva sayovelTao harmonia, 

`mSvidoba, Zmoba, erToba da Tavisufleba~; gamarjvebas 

izeimebs humanisturi ideali, mokled, Txa 

da mgeli erTad moZoven. da yovelive es aRsruldeba 

Zaldautaneblad, realoba, ra Tqma unda, winaaRmdegobas 

ar gauwevs gonebismier principebs _ zogadad ase 

warmodgeba Teimuraz xevisTavis kredo, misi utopizmis 

elementebiT Sezavebuli ganmanaTlebluri ideologia, 

Tu Tavs movuyriT yvelafers, rac amis Sesaxeb 

pirdapir an narTaulad aris romanSi naTqvami. 

aucilebelia iTqvas, rom mixeil javaxiSvili am 

ideologias afasebs ara saerTod, aramed im saxiT, romliTac 

man saqarTveloSi gaamJRavna Tavi, mwerali 

mxatvrulad ikvlevs mis, ase vTqvaT, qarTul variants. 

saqarTveloSi ki es ideologia gakotrda. 

`rogor moxda aseTi ucnauri saswauli: zne-CveulebiT, 

suliTa da sisxliT aristokratma qarTvelma rogor 

moaxerxa damyareba udemokratiules respublikisa?.. 

Sua aziaSi meore Sveicariis Seqmna ganvizraxeT, xaxa! 

sasaciloa, magram satiralic aris es ambavi... Cven 

Cven Tavsac vatyuebdiT da q...qveyanasac. esec Cveni 

kudabzikur-aznauruli maimunoba gaxlavT... wambaZvelobis 

niWi... uudidesi saCuqaria, magram RmerTma gadaaWarba: 

Wkua dagvaklo da wabaZvis niWi naW...Warbevad 

mogvca. Cvenc amitom davemsgavseT maimuns, sadac ar 

gvyofnis sakuTari Wkua, mxneoba, gamZleoba da nebisyofa, 

iq ucxoelTa wabaZviT vlamobT fons gasvlas da 

lelos gatanas~. 

Teimurazis ideologiis marcxs apirobebs am ideologiis 

Tandayolili nakli _ cocxali sinamdvilis 

174

zedapiruli gageba, misi mTeli sirTulis da winaaRmdegobriobis 

gauTvaliswinebloba; ganmanaTlebluri 

idealizmi axdens konkretuli erovnuli realobis bunebis, 

specifikis ugulebelyofas da mas CvenSi SeemTxveva 

daaxloebiT is, rac mis arqetips adre dasavleTSi 

SeemTxva. `metismeti dajerebuloba gonierebis eWvSeuvalobaSi 

badebs ganzraxvas, gatardes reformebi iqac 

ki, sadac isini jer kidev ar aris sakmaod Semzadebuli 

azris muSaobiT. aseTi warumatebeli cdebi mTavrdeba 

CavardnebiT, romlebic xangrZlivad aferxeben winsvlas~; 

`progresis rwmenas ewera Sejaxeboda faqts, romlis 

winaSec igi sruliad moumzadebeli aRmoCnda. aqamde 

mas brZola uxdeboda mxolod metad Tu naklebad 

dromoWmul sinamdvilesTan. magram safrangeTis revoluciis 

da momdevno movlenebis periodSi is Seejaxa 

stiqiuri ZalebiT mocul sinamdviles~ (a. Svaiceri). 

xevisTavis bolo tirada imasac gvafiqrebinebs, rom 

ideuri kredo, romelsac igi aRiarebda, misTvis organuli, 

sisxlxorceuli ar yofila da mimbaZvelobis nayofi 

ufroa, vidre bunebrivad, Sinagan winaaRmdegoba- 

Ta gamovliT Sobili da gazrdili rwmena. es, ra Tqma 

unda, ar niSnavs, rom Teimurazi vulgaruli farisevelia, 

magram sakuTari ideologia mas ver aqvs im siRrmiT 

gancdili da gaTavisebuli, rom igi WeSmarit rwmenad 

eqces da iseTi sulieri ZaliT aRWurvos, rogorsac 

rwmena iZleva. 

Teimuraz xevisTavis sisuste uwinaresad sulis sisustea 

da igi gamowveulia aramxolod misi ideologiis 

sinamdvilisgan ganyenebulobiT, aramed imiTac, rom 

es ideologia ver iZens Rrma da mtkice rwmenis sagnis 

Tvisebas. 

romanSi rwmenis da urwmunobis problema arsebiTia. 

xevisTavis msoflmxedvelobrivi _ da amis Sedegad pirovnuli, 

piradadamianuri _ kraxis mTavari mizezi 

namdvili rwmenis uqonlobaa. 

Teimurazis racionalisturi ideologiis Tavida- 

Tavi aris aTeizmi da qristianobasTan dapirispireba. 

rogorc vnaxeT, qristianuli religiis magivroba, Tei- 

175

murazis fiqriT, progresis _ upirvelesad materialuri 

progresis _ idealma unda gawios. Tumca Sinaganad 

qristianobas mTlad ar aris mowyvetili, mainc sakmaod 

Sors aris misgan. amitom roca progresis ideali 

_ rwmenis surogati da ara sakuTriv rwmena _ Seeryeva 

(mwerali am idealis ngrevas araerTbaSad, etapobrivad 

gviCvenebs), igi ufskrulis Tavze haerSi gamokiduli 

aRmoCndeba. 

`ver aviwie miwidan... wignma momtaca rwmenis suli da 

mecnierebam damwyvita uflisadmi asafreni frTebi. 

codnisa da iWvis Wiam ise damiRrRna goneba da gamomifita 

suli, rom nivTier qveyanas erTi gojiTac ver 

movswydi... codna da rwmena ver movarige, erTad ver Sevad..duRe 

da verc erTmaneTs davaSore. rwmenisa da urwmunoebis 

orRobeSi gaviCxire da verc rwmenis saTaves- 

Tan gavedi, veRarc ukan davbrundi~. 

raTa rogorme gaeridos absoluturi nihilizmis 

ufskruls, xevisTavi isev qristianuli `rwmenis saTavisken~ 

mieSureba. misi Semdgomi sulieri cxovreba dakarguli 

religiuri idealis Ziebis niSniT warimarTeba. 

nawarmoebSi fsiqologiuri gamWriaxobiT aris warmosaxuli 

Teimurazis sasowarkveTili cdebi, xelaxla 

eziaros uaryofil da daviwyebul ideals. rac ufro 

itanjeba Teimurazi, rac ufro mtkivneul dartymebs 

iRebs sinamdvilisgan, romlis saSinelebazec Zalauneburad 

Tvali exileba, _ anu rac ufro aSkaravdeba 

TeimurazisTvis mis adrindel SexedulebaTa uniadagoba 

_ miT ufro metad cdilobs igi RmerTis rwmenis 

mopovebas, qristianobis wiaRSi sayrdenis povnas; xolo 

rodesac urwmunod Zalian gauWirdeba da raRacas 

aucileblad unda CaebRauWos, naucbaTevad, saxeldaxelod 

`moiqceva~. bunebrivia, naCqarevad agebuli religiuri 

TavSesafari swrafadve ingreva. 

Teimuraz xevisTavis ubedurebis mizezTa mizezi is 

aris, rom mas ar SeuZlia hqondes Rrma da WeSmariti 

rwmena. xevisTavma Rrmad verc progresis ideali iwama, 

verc _ qristianuli. urwmunobis vakuumSi ki Cndeba da 

ibudebs jayo. 

176

Tumca umjobesia isev Teimurazma gviTxras amis 

Taobaze saTqmeli. `Cvenc rom semitebis rwmenis Zala 

gvqondes, ukvdavni viqnebodiT. arc erT ers ara swams 

iseTi simZlavriT Tvisi RmerTi, rogorc semit ebraels 

swams Tavis iegova da semit arabs _ Tavisi allah. 

neta warmarTebi mainc vyofiliyaviT. warmarTebs kerpebi 

hyavdaT. isini loculobdnen zevss, iupiters, 

cecxls, elvas da aTass cxadsa da uCinar RmerTs. warmarTebs... 

viRac an raRac swamdaT, Cven ki urwmunoni 

varT. q...qarTvel xalxs aRarc qriste swams, aRarc 

mahmadi, arc iegova, arc budda da arc zevesi, arc 

saerTod romelime RmerTi an eSmaki... Cveni uudidesi 

ubedurebac swored is aris, rom eSmakic aRar gvwams. 

visac eSmaki swams, imas raRac an v...vviRac swams, ese igi 

_ mas hqonia rwmenis wyurvili da unari, ese igi _ mas 

hqonia adamianis suli, ese igi _ TviTonac ukve ada-mia-ni 

yofila, vinaidan mxolod suliT da rwmeniT ganirCeva 

adamiani pirutyvisagan. Cven ki eSmakic aRar 

gvwams, maSasadame, aRarc suli gvqonia da aRarc a-dami-a-ni 

vyofilvarT~. ∗ 

urwmunoba ganmanaTleblur principebTan da utopizmTan 

erTad warmoadgens Teimuraz xevisTavis saxis 

ideur Suaguls, xolo sakuTriv saxe, xasiaTi, xasiaTis 

konkretuli Tvisebebi _ sulieri uRonoba, meryeoba 

da unebisyofoba, Sinagani simSrale, garemomcveli sinamdvilis 

da adamianebis mimarT sibrmave, mCate optimisturi 

ganwyoba da ioli enTuziazmi, frazioroba da 

a.S. _ misi satirul-groteskuli proeqciaa. rasakvirvelia, 

is, rasac Cven Teoriulad vacalkevebT, romanSi 

organulad SenivTebulia. 

msoflmxedvelobrivi plani, rwmena-urwmunobis Zireuli 

Tema, idealebis da Rirebulebrivi orientirebis 

rRvevis, ganmanaTlebluri cnobierebis krizisis 

∗ èSmaki~ bolSevizms unda gulisxmobdes, magram statiis pirvelad 

gamoqveynebis periodSi amis Tqma, cxadia, SeuZlebeli iyo, iseve 

rogorc imaze laparaki, rom jayo bolSevizmis gansaxierebaa. 

177

problemebi `jayos xiznebs~ epoqis sulieri cxovrebis 

arsebiTi tendenciebis Tanxmiers xdis. 

romanis msoflmxedvelobrivi problematika gansazRvravs 

mis mxatvrul-stilur bunebas _ tragikomikurobas 

da groteskulobas, radgan, rogorc SeniSnulia, 

situacias, rodesac Zveli idealebi adamianis 

TvalSi gaufasurebulia, xolo axali ar Cans, zedmiwevniT 

esadageba tragikomedia da groteski. 

178 

1985

àvtors asamarTleben gmirebi~ 

rodesac xangrZlivi pauzis Semdeg mixeil javaxiSvili 

literaturul Semoqmedebas daubrunda, misi 

TvalTaxedvis SuagulSi istoriuli procesi moeqca. 

aforiaqebuli epoqis tragediebi da farsebi, niSandoblivi 

tipebi meoce saukunis 20-ian wlebSi mZlavrad 

euflebian mwerlis warmosaxvas. 

istoriuli procesis moZraoba da gezi, misi tragikuli 

da amasTanave ironiuli arsia danaxuli mixeil 

javaxiSvilis vrcel moTxrobaSi `lambalo da yaSa~. 

iranis Zvel miwaze xdeba am moTxrobaSi gadmocemuli 

ambavi. adre Zlieri es saxelmwifo pirveli msoflio 

omis dros imdenad dasustebulia, rom faqtobrivad 

inglisis da ruseTis mier aris gayofili. iranis 

bedic iseTia, rogoric sxva didi saxelmwifoebis da 

imperiebis _ gardauvali daqveiTeba, daknineba, iqneb 

gaqrobac. es bedi ewiaT im saxelmwifoebs, romlebic 

iranis teritoriaze odesRac arsebobdnen _ midias, 

asureTs, parTias. maT TiTqos monawileoba miiRes 

msoflio istoriis sanaxobaSi da Semdeg sxvebma iZulebiT 

daaclevines scena, raTa TviTon daesakuTrebinaT 

igi. am kanonzomierebaSi mixeil javaxiSvili TiTqos 

istoriuli optimizmis safuZvels poulobs _ yvela 

Zalmomreobas Tavisi angariSis gamsworebeli gamouCndeba, 

magram es ucnauri, mware optimizmia, radgan Zalmomreobas 

kvlav Zalmomreoba enacvleba. 

`saarako raSebze midielTa aCrdilebi Sesxdnen da 

ukuneTs gadaikargnen, xolo maT nacvlad urmiis tbas 

donis cxenebi da tamboveli Ceqmebi dastrialebdnen da 

im Ceqmebs, nebsiT da uneblieT, CanCaliT misdevdnen 

aSurbanipalis, tigran didisa da vaxtang gorgaslanis 

memkvidreni. da gogsa da magogs, haikanelebs da qarduelebs, 

donis cxenebsa da tambovur Ceqmebs kldidan 

gakvirvebiT dascqerian qvis ficarze gamoWrili makedonelis 

legionerebi, maTi frakielebi, bucefalebi 

da sami gadarCenili berZnuli aso, à...os~ _ aleqsandros... 

asiode wlis winaT im kldeze jer kidev iwvoda 

179

Turme Svidiode sityva, `me aleqsandros... yovelive 

aqauri emorCilebis nebasa Cemsa~. axla ki im kldis 

mkerdidan is sami aso ise moismis, rogorc wyalwaRebulis 

uimedo Zaxili: _ aa... o-o-o-o-os~. 

yovlismZleveli dro aqarwylebs da dascinis imperiebis 

didebas da maTi mbrZaneblebis pretenziebs, 

Tavdajerebas, medidur survilebs... istorias ar uyvars 

erTsaxeoba, gaxeveba, misi Jinia axlis qmna da daSla, 

uCveulo da ucxo konfiguraciebis Sedgena. istoriis 

samefo TiTqos maias samefoa, moCvenebis, iluziis, 

umdgradobis qveyana. moTxrobaSi istoriis qameleonuri 

bunebis plastikuri saxea aRmosavlurad msuye koloritiT 

daxatuli urmiis tba, romelic `dReSi aTjer 

mainc icvlis iers da xazebs~. 

istoriuli bedisweris damcinavi cvalebadobis gamovlinebaa, 

rom irani, yofili sastiki dampyrobeli, 

TviTonaa dapyrobili, rom tradiciulad Semtev islams 

mwvaved uteven, xolo qarTveli adamiani, visi sam- 

Sobloc iranma saukuneebis manZilze tanja, dapyrobilebis 

damcvelia. 

moTxrobas araordinarulobas da mniSvnelovnebas 

pirvel rigSi dapyrobili iranelebis da maTi mosarCle 

qarTveli eqimis Seurigebeli antagonistis _ yaSa 

lazares TvalSisacemi figura aniWebs. 

es saxe enaTesaveba mixeil javaxiSvilis mier imave 

periodSi Seqmnil jayos da rasputinis saxeebs. maT 

msgavsad yaSa lazarec uzomod mdabali, tlanqi da gaumaZRaria, 

destruqciulia. am personaJebs mwerali 

groteskis meTodiT gamosaxavs: mimarTavs bunebrivi 

proporciebis mkveTr deformacias, cxoveluris da 

paTologiuris moWarbebas, komikuris da sazarelis 

Sexamebas _ komikuria maTi gonebis da sulis siRatake, 

saSinelia maTi mZlavri mtacebluri instinqti. 

paTologiuri personaJebi adrec hyavda mixeil javaxiSvils, 

magram `jayos xiznebSi~, `kvaWi kvaWantira- 

ZeSi~, `lambalosa da yaSaSi~ paTologiis Cveneba ukve 

epoqis arsis mxatvruli analizis saSualebaa. 

180

yaSa lazares _ sadists _ mwerali akvirdeba rogorc 

gansazRvruli politikuri, ideologiuri tendenciebis 

Tanmdev movlenas, maTi wyalobiT aRzevebul 

tips. 

sadistebi yovelTvis arsebobdnen da iarsebeben, 

magram imisTvis, rom cxovrebas daepatronon, maT gansakuTrebuli 

pirobebi da viTareba WirdebaT. 

swored aseTia istoriuli viTareba, romelic moTxrobaSia 

warmosaxuli. 

ruseTis imperia Tavisi batonobis arealis gafar- 

Toebas, iranSi fexis mokidebas eswrafis. am miswrafebas 

emsaxureba rusuli eklesia, qristianuli religia 

eqspansiis saSualebad gamoiyeneba. imperiis miznebs emsaxureboda 

ruseTis eklesia qristianul qveynebSic, 

xolo islamur samyaroSi igi, gasagebia, kidev ufro 

Semtevi xdeba (cxadia, es rusuli qristianuli kulturis 

mier Seqmnil sulier faseulobebs ar aqarwylebs). 

iranSi ruseTis eklesiis emisari episkoposi pavle 

ideologiuri aRWurvilobiT uzrunvelyofs imperiis 

dampyroblur politikas, aRvivebs siZulvils da Seuwynareblobas 

ùwminduri~ mahmadianebis, `wupaki persukebis~ 

mimarT. Tumca arc qristianobis aramarTlmadidebluri 

mimdinareobebi sargebloben misi keTilganwyobiT, 

radgan isinic Tavis mxriv sxva saxelmwifoebis 

politikur miznebs axorcieleben, rusuli eklesiis 

msgavsad cdiloben Tavisi gavlenis qveS moaqcion 

iranSi mcxovrebi aisorebi. es qristiani xalxi ki `damkvreli~ 

Zalaa mahmadianebTan brZolaSi. religia aq mxolod 

Zalauflebis, batonobis instrumentia, profanacias 

ganicdis. 

amgvar situaciaSi aisori mRvdeli yaSa lazare Tavisi 

mZvinvare energiulobiT, daundoblobiT, veragobiT 

metad gamosadegia episkoposi pavles sistemisTvis, 

ruseTis imperiis politikur-ideologiuri sistemis- 

Tvis _ misi funqciaa aisorebis gadabireba da mahmadianebis 

devna. da piriqiT, es sistema metad gamosadegia 

yaSasTvis _ igi mas saSiS Zalas aZlevs, Zalauflebas 

aziarebs. 

181

yaSa naZiralaa, qurdi da mkvlelia da, cxadia, 

qristianobasTan mas Sinaganad araferi akavSirebs, am 

mtacebel arsebas saerTod ar SeiZleba raime seriozuli 

mrwamsi da idea hqondes. mis bunebas da statuss 

Soris arsebuli Seusabamobac qmnis grotesks _ sadisti 

mRvdeli, anaforiani jalaTi. is farisevelia, Tumca 

SedarebiT naklebad SeniRbuli, vidre farisevlobis 

Zveli ostatebi, molieris tartiufi an saltikov- 

SCedrinis iuduSka. 

magram amave dros, ra ucnauric unda iyos erTi SexedviT, 

yaSa fanatikosia _ mas gaafrTebiT Zuls mahmadianebi. 

amaSi igi ar TvalTmaqcobs, saerTodac siZulvili, 

siyvarulisgan gansxvavebiT, aranamdvili da aragulwrfeli 

iSviaTad aris. yaSas siZulvili mahmadianebisadmi 

ìdeuria~, mis mier lambalos devnis Zireuli 

motivi raime praqtikuli miznis miRweva ar aris. mTavaria, 

rom lambalo mahmadiania _ ùwminduri~, `Rori~, 

`mahmadis ZaRli~. yaSa lazare `qristiania~ mxolod imdenad, 

ramdenadac Seuwynarebeli da ulmobelia mahmadianebisadmi. 

amiT igi drois avi niSania. XX saukunis sisxliani 

tragediebis avtorebs da xorcSemsxmelebs ufro metad 

gamoarCevdaT ara sakuTari pozitiurad miCneuli 

ideis erTguleba da àRTqmul qveyanaze~ ocneba, aramed 

siZulvili da agresia imaT mimarT, visac maTi ideologia 

mtrad saxavda, vinc am ideologias ar iziarebda, 

miTumetes upirispirdeboda. aseTebi iyvnen 

`klasobrivi mtrebi~, arasaimedo inteligencia, anda 

`rasis siwmindis~ ammRvrevebi... 

mixeil javaxiSvilis mier warmosaxuli bneli, avxorci 

salosi rasputini mxolod im niSniTaa `qristiani~, 

rom sastikad Zuls qristianuli ruseTis namdvili 

Tu gamogonili mtrebi; episkoposi pavle, maRali 

sazogadoebis garegnulad daxvewili kaci da moqnili 

politikosi, amasTanave fanatikosia, rac vlindeba ara 

qristianuli idealebis erTgulebaSi, aramed araqristianebisadmi 

da ararusebisadmi gaborotebaSi, romelic 

mas gonebas ubindavs da Seiwiravs. 

182

arsebiTia is, rom yaSa lazares daucxromeli, Sxamiani 

siZulvili mahmadianebis mimarT misi kacTmoZuleobis 

gamomJRavnebaa, qristianobis dacvis motiviT 

moCvenebiTad gamarTlebuli da nebadarTuli. kacTmo- 

Zuleoba, antihumanuroba ubralod sxva sarwmunoebis 

adamianebs irCevs obieqtebad, raTa ufro Tavisuflad, 

xelgaxsnilad imoqmedos. sinamdvileSi yaSas agresiuloba 

usazRvroa, is sakuTar mamasac ar indobs. yaSas 

aravin uyvars, arc qristianebi, Tundac Tavisi Tanamemamuleebi, 

misma Zalauflebis wyurvilma Sebraleba 

aravis mimarT ar icis; moTxrobaSi naTqvamia, rom Tu 

daWirda, aisorebs uklebliv amoxocavs, sakuTari col 

-Svilis CaTvliT. roca `Tavisianebs~, qristianebs emtereba, 

iaraRis didxans Zebna ar uxdeba, mzad aqvs ideologiur 

quraSi nawrTobi maxvili _ araqristianeb- 

Tan faruli kavSiris dabraleba. ase wamebs yaSa cils 

qarTvel eqims, TiTqos igi qurTebis beladTan saidumlod 

aris dakavSirebuli. 

yaSa lazare marjved flobs im meTodebs, romlebic 

farTod gamoiyeneboda mixeil javaxiSvilis Tanadroul 

politikur sinamdvileSi. 

jaSuSoba, dasmena, provokacia, sinamdvilis utifari 

gayalbeba, braldebis SeTxzva _ aseTia yaSas arsenali. 

qurTebis da aisorebis Cveulebriv yofiT Sexla- 

Semoxlas is qurTebis ajanyebad asaRebs, rasac sagangebo 

samxedro operaciis ganxorcieleba da àjanyebulebis~ 

darbeva moyveba; igi awyobs aisorebze mahmadianebis 

Tavdasxmis inscenirebas da `damnaSaveebs~ ulmoblad 

sjian. 

yaSas xasiaTis mZafri TvalsaCinoebiT gamomxatvelia 

misi triumfis suraTi. `TxuTmetis gminva yaSa 

lazares Zlevamosilma kiJinma STanTqa. pirvelive dakvraze 

TviTonac ise aigrixa, TiTqos TxuTmetive joxi 

im TaTrebis magivrad wiTel yaSas moxvedroda. mere 

acqmutunda da axtunavda. grZel xelebs da mogrexil 

fexebs ucnaurad iqnevda, wiTel wvers acancarebda da 

giJiviT xiTxiTebda. jalaTebi rom joxebs aRmarTavdnen 

xolme, yaSa marjvena xels joxiviT ahfSekavda, Tvi- 

183

Tonac aisveteboda da ucnaurad gaizrdeboda. jala- 

Tebi rom joxebs daiqnevdnen, yaSa aSveril xels joxiviT 

wamoiRebda da ise mZlavrad dauSvebda miwamde, 

TiTqos erTi dakvriT mTel musulmanobas Tavs 

uWeWyavdao...~. 

saerTod, `wiTeli maimunis~ saxe gaSmagebuli moZraobiT 

da cofiani replikebiT ixateba, fsiqologiuri 

analizis gareSe. yaSas Sinagani raoba mainc srulad 

aSkaravdeba, Tundac mis karikaturul portretSi. igi 

arsobrivad da mkveTrad mJRavndeba pasaJSic, sadac 

yaSa bilwavs lambalos da misi mamis, maSadi izaTis mier 

gaTxril Was: yaSas boroti daniSnuleba sicocxlis 

wayroebis SebRalva, gauwmindurebaa. lambalo da maSadi 

izaTi, piriqiT, wylis mesaidumleebi arian da sicocxlesTan, 

bunebasTan maTi erTianoba asec aris 

gamoxatuli. yaSa xrwnas avrcelebs Tavis garSemo, isini 

_ qmnian, sicocxlis zrdas exmarebian. lambalo upirispirdeba 

yaSas rogorc ubralo, normaluri, daumaxinjebeli 

adamianuroba paTologiurobas da cxovelurobas. 

igi gulRiaa, alali, mxiaruli, sicocxlis, 

adamianis da Sromis moyvare _ igi bunebrivia. Tbili, 

msubuqi iumoriT gamosaxavs mwerali yaSas antipods. 

yaSa cxovelmyofel bunebas, bunebriobas Telavs da 

mxatvrulad logikuri, kanonzomieria, Tu rogor 

kvdeba igi _ maSadi izaTis gvelebis mier misi dageslva 

TiTqos bunebis sibrZnis SurisZiebaa moZaladis mimarT, 

TiTqos sicocxlis wylebis da nayofierebis 

mcveli suli uxdis samagieros sikvdilis mTesvels. 

eqims ar SeuZlia ar TanaugrZnos maSadi izaTis SurisZiebas, 

miTumetes, rom momakvdavi `RvTismsaxuri~ 

kvlav RvarZls anTxevs. mTxrobeli da masTan erTad 

avtori zneobrivad amarTleben saSineli arsebis mospobas; 

vinc adamianis saxes kargavs, urCxulad iqceva, 

Sendobas ar imsaxurebs. aseTi poziciis mxatvruli da 

eTikuri ucilobloba kidev ufro cxadi xdeba imis 

gaTvaliswinebisas, rom yaSas an jayosnair totalurad 

borot adamians Cveni literatura adre ar icnobda. 

184

iranelebisadmi qarTveli eqimis keTilganwyobis 

uSualo stimuli is aris, rom istoriis kaprizuli nebiT 

saqarTvelo da irani msgavs mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen. 

mTxrobels amoZravebs simarTlis da samarTlianobis 

bunebrivi grZnoba, romelsac aRaSfoTebs, rom 

xalxs sakuTar qveyanaSi amcireben, aviwroeben; miTufro, 

rom qarTvelma adamianma icis, ra Znelad asatania 

aseTi Zalmomreoba, icis Tundac TviT iranis `wyalobiT~ 

da gulgrili ver aris usamarTlobis mimarT. da is 

uTanasworo brZolas marTavs Zalmomreobis sistemas- 

Tan, win aRudgeba mZlavr politikur-ideologiur manqanas. 

amas avalebs sakuTari buneba da mrwamsi. igi adamianebs 

afasebs ara ideologiuri, aramed eTikuri kriteriumiT. 

yaSasadmi da lambalosadmi mTxrobelis ganwyoba 

ganisazRvreba ara imiT, rom erTi qristiania da 

meore mahmadiani, aramed imiT, rom erTi zneobrivad 

jansaRi da agresiulobas moklebulia, meore _ zneobrivad 

maxinji da moZalade. sxva viTarebaSi igi aseve 

daicavda qristians fanatikosi mahmadianis devnisgan. 

mTxrobeli ambobs: `Tavdapirvelad adamiani var, merme 

eqimi da bolos qristiani, an jer qristiani da Semdeg 

eqimi~. es aris moraluri kriteriumis uzenaesobis aRiareba 

yvela sxva kriteriumis mimarT, rac swored qristianuli 

kulturis monapovaria. Semwynareblobac imas 

gulisxmobs, rom moraluri kanoni vrceldeba yvelaze, 

Tavisianzec da gareSezec, rom damokidebuleba nebismieri 

adamianisadmi, aRmsareblobis da sxva niSnebis ganurCevlad, 

unda emyarebodes zneobriv mcnebebs. 

qarTuli sulierebisTvis es WeSmariteba saidumlos 

ar warmoadgens. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom igi mTeli 

sisavsiT igrZno da Seicno vaJa-fSavelam. mixeil javaxiSvilic 

zogadadamianuri moralis uzenaesobas, Semwynareblobas 

afuZnebs _ fenomens, romelsac meoce 

saukunem arnaxuli gansacdeli Seaxvedra. 

adamianis Sefasebis mTavari sazomi gaxda misi ideologiuri 

mrwamsi, socialur-klasobrivi, nacionaluri, 

rasobrivi kuTvnileba da aman Seaviwrova zogadadamianuri 

moraluri kriteriumi _ `mtruli~ jgufebis 

185

warmomadgenlebi faqtobrivad moikveTebian adamianebis 

modgmisgan da maT ise eqcevian, rogorc araadamianebs, 

maT mimarT yovelgvari uzneobis Cadena gamarTlebulia. 

dadga yaSa lazareTa dro, romelTa daundobel 

Seuwynareblobas ùcxoebisadmi~ agresiis da batonobis 

nebis amouwuravi rezervuari amaragebda `sawvaviT~. 

es tipi sxvadasxva garemoSi, bunebrivia, sxvadasxvagvar 

ideologiur Seferilobas Rebulobs. is SeiZleba 

mogvevlinos, vTqvaT, rogorc amerikeli rasisti 

persi grimi folkneris àgvistos naTelSi~, an rogorc 

germaneli nacisti iudeani volfgang kopenis romanidan 

`sikvdili romSi~, magram misi arsi yvelgan erTnairad 

martivi da saSinelia. stiqiur ubedurebasaviT 

gadaivlis igi dedamiwaze da Tavis nakvalevze cxedrebs 

tovebs. man icis Tu alRoTi grZnobs, rom àmqveynad 

SeuzRudveli Zalaufleba marto sikvdils aqvs da 

Zalauflebis namdvili gancdisTvis saWiroa mxolod 

erTi ram _ mkvleloba~ (v. kopeni). 

gansakuTrebiT Zlevamosili da damangreveli yaSa 

lazares tipi mainc Cvens sinamdvileSi iyo. 

mixeil javaxiSvils, gadmocemiT, uTqvams: `minda 

erTi moTxroba davwero Temaze: Cemi romanebisa da 

moTxrobebis gmirebi Cems oTaxSi Segrovdnen da sasamarTlo 

gamimarTes, avtors asamarTleben misi nawarmoebebis 

gmirebi... ra dRes damayrian, vin icis, ramden 

sayvedurs metyvian. me mgoni, saintereso Canafiqria. 

rogorme amisaTvis movicli~. 

am Canafiqrs moTxrobis nacvlad cxovrebaSi ewera 

ganxorcieleba. personaJebma gaasamarTles avtori, 

oRond sayvedurebs ar dajerdnen; ar apaties, rom man 

isini adreve SeniSna da gaaSiSvla. 

186 

1989

Tvalisaxela 

niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic mixeil javaxiSvilis ni- 

Wis arss Seadgens, tradiciulad ar dominirebs qar- 

Tul mxatvrul azrovnebaSi. es aris midrekileba adamianis 

saxis mkveTri deheroizaciisken, adamianis `SiSvlad~ 

xilvisken, cxovrebis xedvis xazgasmuli, mkacri 

miwiereba, romelic aviwroebs amaRlebul-romantikul 

sawyiss, am xedvis basri ironiuloba, susxiani skeptikuroba, 

qarTuli sinamdvilis kritikuli aRqma... 

mixeil javaxiSvilis SemoqmedebiTi mowodeba simar- 

Tlis daJinebuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, gasastikebuli maZieblobaa, 

romelic mis TvalsawierSi moqceul yovelgvar 

moCvenebiTobas da iluzias acamtverebs. 

saerTod, realizmi SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc 

siyalbeTa, moCvenebiTobaTa da iluziaTa gamoaSkaravebaze, 

gaqarwylebaze damyarebuli mxatvruli meTodi, 

rogorc iluziebis damamsxvreveli mxatvruli instrumenti. 

balzakis erT-erTi romanis saTauri `gamqrali 

iluziebi~, SesaZloa, gamodges realizmis formulad, 

romelic erTnairad miesadageba adrindeli Tu 

klasikuri realizmis nimuSebs, vTqvaT, `don kixots~ an 

`madam bovaris~. 

iluziebis realistur gaqarwylebaSi mixeil javaxiSvili 

did simZafres, gabedulebas da ganuxrel Tanmimdevrulobas 

iCens. qarTul literaturaSi misi winamorbedi 

iluziebis gamqarwylebeli daviT kldiaSvilia, 

oRond ufro lmobieri da Semwynarebeli. 

iluziaTa miRma arsebuli, Tundac sastiki da sazizRari 

simarTlis wvdomis moTxovnileba ayalibebs 

mixeil javaxiSvilis msoflmxedvelobas da stils. mis 

yvelaze mniSvnelovan nawarmoebTa erT wyebaSi ki realobis 

da iluziis Sejaxeba arsebiTi motivi Tu problemaa, 

personaJis saxis da siuJetis agebis warmmarTveli 

principia. 

sistemuri simwyobriT da gamokveTilobiT mJRavndeba 

yovelive es moTxrobaSi `kurdReli~, sadac niuansuri 

fsiqologizmiT aris aRbeWdili dramatuli su- 

187

lieri orTabrZola avadmyof qals da fsiqiatrs Soris, 

romelic pacients fantastikuri iluziidan sinamdvileSi 

abrunebs. iluzia, danaSaulis gausaZlisi grZnobisgan 

gaTavisuflebisken ltolvis nayofi, sakvirvel 

simyares da gamZleobas avlens, magram kidev ufro 

mtkicea eqimis realizmi, jiuti meTodurobiT rom aRmofxvris 

mas. eqimis Seupovroba da azarti ar sazrdoobs 

mxolod rTuli profesiuli amocanis gadawyvetis 

da warmatebis miRwevis surviliT. am adamianis mcdelobas 

upirvelesad warmarTavs misi zneobrivi Tval- 

Taxedva _ avadmyofur iluziaSi TavSefareba sulieri 

da moraluri uZlurebis niSania; is gulisxmobs sicrues, 

Tavismotyuebas da moklebulia raime Rirebulebas, 

radgan arafers, araras eyrdnoba; es aris gza adamianurobis 

sruli degradaciisken. eqimis realizmi Zalian 

mkacria, garkveuli azriT sastikic, magram amave dros 

humanuria, adamianis srulfasovnebaze zrunviT aris 

nakarnaxevi. aseTivea TviT mixeil javaxiSvilis mxatvruli 

xedva _ ukiduresad mkacri da humanuri. 

eqimis mcdelobis zneobrivi sazrisi isic aris, rom 

pacientis sinamdvileSi dabruneba axlobel adamianeb- 

Tan misi gawyvetili sulier- moraluri kavSiris aRdgenas 

moaswavebs. iluzia avadmyofi qalis gaucxoebuli 

egoizmis citadelad iqceva, saidanac igi Znelad 

gamoyavs eqims. 

mixeil javaxiSvili adamianis bunebis sisusteTa mimarT 

ironiulobis miuxedavad Tanagancdismieri gagebiT 

xatavs da mZafrad gvagrZnobinebs SeWirvebul sulier 

da cxovrebiseul mdgomareobebs, saidanac iluziebi 

ibadeba, aseve tkivilebs, romelTac iluziaTa 

damsxvreva, ulmobel realobasTan pirispir darCena 

iwvevs. 

sinamdvileze Tvalisaxelis metaforis realizaciad 

warmodgeba moTxroba `ybaCam daigviana~ _ brma gogonas 

gankurnebis ambavi cxovrebis daundoblobasTan 

misi Sexlis istoriad iqceva. 

mixeil javaxiSvilis poetika ukiduresobaTa poetikaa. 

mwerlis esTetikuri radikalizmi eZebs gansakuT- 

188

ebulad mwvave siuJetur da fsiqologiur viTarebebs, 

konfliqtebs; mieltvis dasaxati sagnis hipertrofirebas, 

personaJTa saxeebis gamsxvilebas, xSirad groteskuls, 

situaciebis da xasiaTebis daZabul kontrastulobas. 

moTxrobaSi `ybaCam daigviana~ Tina da solo silamazis 

da simaxinjis dramatul kontrasts qmnian. solos 

Semzarav garegnul iers misi Sinagani bunebis zogierTi 

niSanic Seesatyviseba _ es bogano proletari 

xarbad Seigulebs sakbilos, rogorzec verc iocnebebda 

da uceremoniod eufleba brma, ususur qaliSvils. 

magram mainc mwerals zneobrivi monstris daxatva ar 

aqvs ganzraxuli: solo Taviseburi siTboTi da mzrunvelobiT 

ekideba mSvenier Tinas, romelic ukve misi 

sakuTrebaa. rac ufro Rrmaa axalgazrda brma qalis 

erTguleba Tavisi usaxuri sabedosadmi, miT ufro 

mtkivneulia misTvis saSinel realobaze Tvalisaxela 

da sruli bednierebis iluziis buranidan gamosvla; 

miT ufro mwvaved sagrZnobia cxovrebis sastiki ironia 

adamianis mimarT. avtoris eTikur mrwamss ireklavs is, 

rom Tvalaxelili Tina TavisTavSi poulobs zneobriv 

Zalas, ar gaeqces Znelad Sesaguebel sinamdviles. 

òqros kbilis~ personaJi Toma SadiSvili ki samudamod 

realobis miRma rCeba. es moTxroba fsiqoanalizis, 

groteskis da romantikis uCveulo naerTia. avadmyofuri 

seqsualuri vnebebiT da kompleqsebiT Sepyrobil 

axalgazrda kacs da sasikvdilod daavadebul 

qaliSvils uCndebaT mZafri urTierTmiziduloba, romelic 

upirvelesad sqesobrivia, magram amave dros aRmatebulic 

aris sqesobriv impulsze, ramdenadac erTmaneTis 

Seucvlelobis gancdas moicavs. am adamianebis 

grZnobebi sikvdilis nayofia _ maT warmoSobs qalis 

gamomwvevi qceva, romelsac ganapirobebs is, rom sikvdilis 

siaxlove mas sicocxlis wyurvils da erotiulobas 

uaTkecebs; meore mxriv, moTxrobis gmirTa ur- 

TierTltolvas sikvdili eRobeba win, ese igi, is, rac 

biZgs aZlevs siyvaruls, fatalurad abrkolebs kidec 

mas; avadmyofuri martoobis garRvevis, srulfasovani 

189

arsebobis dawyebis TiTqosda realuri SesaZlebloba, 

romelic sqesis winaSe SiSiT daTrgunul moTxrobis 

mTavar personaJs eZleva, faqtobrivad sikvdilis mier 

movlenili veragi iluziaa. obieqturad igi sruliad 

qarwyldeba _ qali kvdeba, magram es rCeba Tomas Tvalsawieris 

miRma da is kvlav iluziis morCilia, tanjviT 

ganagrZobs misTvis sanukvari adamianis Zebnas, romelic 

ukve iseTive fantomia, rogoric romantikuli Tu 

simbolisturi poeziis Soreuli da miuwvdomeli qalis 

xateba. mwerali ar Seajaxebs Tavis personaJs unugeSo 

simarTlesTan, radgan mis mier qalis sikvdilis Setyoba 

melodramad aqcevda nawarmoebs, romelSic isedac 

mkacri gemovnebis moTxovnaTa darRvevis riskiT aris 

gamoyenebuli melodramatuli elementebi siyvarulis 

romantikis gamosaxatad. Tumca ufro arsebiTi is 

aris, rom TviT personaJs ar surs, Zala ar yofnis Seicnos 

simarTle, maSin, roca sul axlosaa masTan _ misi 

saxe groteskul simrudes bolomde inarCunebs. am personaJis 

mdgomareoba, romelic Tavisi arsiT `kurdRelis~ 

gmiris avadmyofobas gvagonebs, ufro saSineli da 

gamouvalia, vidre nebismieri melodrama, saerTod Cveulebrivi 

adamianuri ubedureba. iluziis tyveobaSi 

samudamod darCena da realobaSi damkvidrebis absoluturi 

SeuZlebloba, _ Tundac iluzias gmiris pa- 

Tologiur cxovrebaSi WeSmariti adamianuri swrafva 

Sehqondes _ mwerlis TvalTaxedviT, Tavadac paTologiaa, 

arasrulfasovnebisTvis ganwirulebaa. 

`jayos xiznebi~ iluziaTa katastrofuli msxvrevis 

da Tvalisaxelis mravalaqtian tragikomedias warmoadgens. 

iluziebi aq aRar aris Semofargluli mxolod 

adamianebis kerZo cxovrebiT, socialur-politikur 

da msoflmxedvelobriv sferoebs wvdeba. 

Teimuraz xevisTavis azrovneba, miswrafebebi, `saqmianoba~ 

mTlianad iluziebzea damyarebuli da raRac 

fantastikuri elferi aqvs. Teimurazis progresistuli 

ocnebebi, misi warmosaxvis gamudmebuli naxtomebi 

globalur politikaSi, misi moCvenebiTi sazogadoebrivi 

aqtivoba didad aSorebs mas cocxal realobas da 

190

am realobis evropul yaidaze gardaqmnis miraJs alandebs. 

yovelive es ganamtkicebs xevisTavis iluzorul 

warmodgenas sakuTari aRmatebuli mniSvnelovnebis 

Sesaxeb. 

socialur-politikuri da msoflmxedvelobrivi 

iluziebi imiT aris saxifaTo, rom uneblieT uwyobs 

xels uyuradRebod mitovebul sinamdvileSi raRac 

iseTis warmoqmnas da zrdas, rac Tavisi bunebiT mTlianad 

ewinaaRmdegeba yovelgvar idealizms. sinamdvilis 

SurisZieba iluziebiT dabrmavebuli Teimurazis mimarT 

iseTi sastikia, rom Znelia misTvis analogis mo- 

Zebna da aramarto qarTul literaturaSi. 

magram xevisTavis saxeSi gasaocari da iSviaTi, erTdroulad 

tragikuli da komikuri is aris, rom am adamianis 

cnobiereba yvelaze sazareli, TiTqosda saboloo 

Tvalisaxelis Semdeg kvlav iluziebs badebs da 

ebRauWeba, vidre morig kraxs ganicdides. Teimurazi 

gamudmebiT mieqaneba iluziebidan iluziebisken _ racionalisturi 

utopiidan qristianobis meoxebiT sulieri 

aRorZinebis uniadago imedisken, anda ulmobeli 

zekacis viTomda mxsneli idealisken... Tumca iluziebis 

gacamtverebis da reanimaciis es procesi mTlad 

unayofo ar aris, radgan Teimurazs Tvali exileba Tavis 

pasuxismgeblobaze imis gamo, rac moxda. 

Teimurazs ar uqreba margosTan SeerTebis imedi da 

es iluzia, romelmac sinamdvilis umZimes dartymebs 

gauZlo, sulis sisustis garda ucnauri erTgulebis 

gamomJRavnebacaa. magram aqac, iseve rogorc òqros 

kbilSi~, iluzia da adamianuri srulfasovneba erTmaneTTan 

SeuTavsebelia. 

iluziebis gaqarwyleba da Tvalisaxela `TeTr sayeloSic~ 

xdeba, oRond ise dramatuli ar aris, rogorc 

moTxrobebSi da `jayos xiznebSi~. qalaquri, civilizebuli 

cxovrebiT, arsebiTad ki sabWoTa reJimiT gabezrebuli 

inteligentisTvis miuRebeli realobisgan gammijvneli 

romantikuli TavSesafaria xevsurebis miuvali 

sofeli _ arqauli samyaro, sadac istoriuli dro 

SeCerebulia, batonobs tradicia da miTi. magram eliz- 

191

aris SeTviseba am samyarosTan, Tanamedrove rTuli 

cxovrebis patriarqaluri idiliiT Senacvlebis cda 

iluzoruli aRmoCndeba. 

Tu grigol robaqiZis an konstantine gamsaxurdias- 

Tvis arqaika da miTi mowiwebis aRmZvreli sakraluri 

sferoa, WeSmaritebis da idealis saunjeTa sacavia, 

mixeil javaxiSvilisTvis is kritikul-realisturi 

dakvirvebis sagania sxva saganTa Soris. Tumca uZvelesi 

warsulis romantikul samkvidrebelSi, romelic 

`TeTr sayeloSi~ warmoisaxeba, ueWvelad pozitiuri 

Rirebulebebia Semonaxuli (bunebasTan siaxlove, vaJkacoba, 

megobrobis kulti, ojaxis simyare) da romanis 

mTavari gmiri eziareba maT, mainc mas imedgacrueba ar 

acdeba: misi xedva TandaTan sul ufro fxizeli xdeba 

da sabolood miTosis absolutur WeSmaritebad aRiareba 

crurwmenad warmoudgeba, codna-ganaTlebis da 

teqnikisTvis zurgSeqceva da primitiuli yofa _ velur 

CamorCenilobad; elizbaris antipaTias iwvevs 

sxvadasxva rituali, adaTi Tu cxovrebis wesis Tavisebureba, 

gansakuTrebiT kaciskvlisadmi msubuqi 

damokidebuleba... 

elizbars ar SeuZlia miTosuri cnobierebis mqone 

adamianebiviT iwamos, magaliTad, rom male iaponiidan 

mefe erekles SviliSvili Camova da saqarTveloSi 

bagrationebis dinastia aRdgeba, ar SeuZlia gaiziaros 

maTi sibrmave garemomcveli mkacri samyaros da misi 

kanonebisadmi, miTumetes, rom am samyaros Semotevis 

winaSe siZvelis da miTis amayi sauflo Tavis srul umweobas 

aCens. aSkaraa, rom mcire xanSi mas Tanamedroveoba 

STanTqavs, romelTan SedarebiTac ise gamoiyureba, 

rogorc raRac irealuri, gamogonili. mixeil 

javaxiSvilis gmiri acnobierebs, rom warsulSi ukuqceva 

sinamdvilidan sulmokle iluzoruli gaqcevaa, 

rom arqaika da miTi sabWoTa realobis seriozul, sicocxlisunarian 

alternativad ar gamodgeba; am realobasTan 

dapirispireba Tanamedrove civilizaciis 

mTeli sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiTaa SesaZlebeli da 

ara Soreul warsulSi da miTosSi gadasaxlebiT... 

192

mixeil javaxiSvils simarTlis mware gemo erCivna 

iluziebis macdunebel sitkbos, radgan miaCnda, rom 

sibrmave, Tavismotyueba sabediswero, amave dros adamianis 

Rirsebis damamcirebeli sisustea da mxolod 

simarTleze Tvalaxelilobaa adamianisTvis Sesaferisi 

yofierebis forma, rac unda Znelad mosaTmeni iyos 

es simarTle da tkivilis momyenebeli _ iluziebis 

gareSe arseboba. 

1996 

193

leo qiaCeli 

sulis Tavgadasavlebi 

mecxramete saukunis qarTuli prozis realizms da 

pozitivistur msoflxedvas leo qiaCeli rogorc novelisti 

xSirad ucnauris da uCveulos romantikul 

esTetikas unacvlebs. 

qiaCelis yuradRebas Zlierad izidavs fsiqikuri 

movlenebi, romlebic cxovrebis zedapiruli mdinarebis 

logikas ar eqvemdebareba; mwerali eZebs adamianis 

arsebobis realisturi azrovnebisTvis gaugebar sawyisebs, 

imas, rac SeCveuli realobis mkveTr sicxades 

eWvqveS ayenebs; qiaCeli _ romantikuli bunebis Semoqmedi, 

neoromantikosi _ sinamdvilis empiriul-yoveldRiur 

mocemulobas ar aris mijaWvuli, yoveldRiurs 

da Cveulebrivs araCveulebrivs da iSviaTs amjobinebs. 

amgvari mxatvruli midrekilebebis gasamJRavneblad 

novelis Janruli forma zedmiwevniT nayofieria, 

novela xom, rogorc goeTe ambobs, `sxva araferia, Tu 

ara gaugonari SemTxveva~. `gaugonari SemTxveva~ ki 

SeiZleba fsiqikis sferosac ganekuTvnebodes. aseT 

SemTxvevebze araerTi nawarmoebi aqvT agebuli gamoCenil 

novelistebs, upirvelesad romantikosebs, magali- 

Tad, klaists an edgar pos. adamianis sulis uCveulo, 

idumal Tavgadasavlebs qiaCelic mogviTxrobs. 

aseT TavgadasavalTa Semcvel novelebSi adamianis 

Sinarealobis garTulebuli, diferencirebuli modelis 

anarekli moCans. es modeli gulisxmobs, rom adamianis 

fsiqika mravali sxvadasxvagvari, maT Soris iracionaluri 

Zalis momcvel samyaros warmoadgens; suli 

kargavs mTlianobas da nawevrdeba, polifoniuri xdeba. 

pirovnebis warmosaxvis aseTi principi metad damaxasiaTebelia 

XX saukunis mxatvruli azrovnebisTvis, 

Tumca igi manamdec iCenda Tavs. 

194

novelaSi `mkvleloba koxta goraze~ Warbadaa xSiri 

xmarebisgan gacveTili pirobiT-poeturi xatovaneba 

(`Ramisebri wamwamebiT dafaruli satrfos Tvalebi~ 

da a.S); aris moZvelebuli stilisturi yalibebi, martivi 

kompoziciuri da fsiqologiuri kontrastebi, 

magram amave dros adamianis bunebis gaRrmavebuli da 

garTulebuli koncefciis konturia moxazuli. 

novelis gmiri sayvarel qalTan alersis Semdeg aRmoaCens, 

rom am qals misTvis ucnobi Sinagani saxec hqonia, 

rom mis sulSi verasdros SeaRwevs. novelaSi sulis 

Seucnobloba magiuri yvavilis zRaprul-fantastikuri 

motivis meSveobiT samyaros mmarTav iracionalur 

sawyiss, gangebas ukavSirdeba _ adamianis sulis 

iracionalurobas mistikuri elferi eZleva da asea 

romantizebuli. 

novelis koncefcias sabolood ayalibebs is, rom 

mTavari gmiri sakuTar TavSive poulobs iseT Zalebs, 

romelTa Sesaxeb adre araferi icoda; araTu sxva adamiani, 

TviTonac ucnobi yofila sakuTari TavisTvis; 

misi sulis moZraoba da qmedeba _ mkvleloba Tavad 

misTvisvea auxsneli, TiTqos masSi viRac ucxo 

Casaxlebula. 

rogorc vxedavT, novelaSi romantizebulad aris 

warmosaxuli qvecnobierebis sabediswero Zliereba 

adamianis yofierebaSi. 

adamianis suli sxvadasxva sawyisebad dacalkevebuli 

warmodgeba novelaSic `me da Cemi ori me~ _ personificirebuli 

fsiqikuri Zalebidan erT-erTi, 

tlanq instinqtTa ganmasaxierebeli, danarCenebs, inteligenturad 

rbilebs anadgurebs. sulier polifonias, 

sulSi gaTamaSebul ucnaur dramas mwerali amjerad 

ukve misTvis saerTod damaxasiaTebeli uCumari, Sekavebuli 

iumoriT aRiqvams. amis wyalobiT igi maRla dgeba 

siuJetis pirobiTobaze, fantastikurobaze da gvaniSnebs, 

rom epoqis socialur-politikuri koliziebi 

adamianis sulis disharmoniuli bunebis warmonaqmnia. 

pirobiTi gamomxatvelobis miRma gamosWvivis mwerlis 

mier nagrZnobi da gaazrebuli simarTle _ adamianis 

195

fsiqika Seusabamobebis sferoa, masSi ucnaurad xvdebian 

da gadaikveTebian urTierTgamomricxavi Zalebi. 

leo qiaCeli skeptikuri TvalTaxedvis mweralia, 

oRond misi skepticizmi uwinares yovlisa mimarTulia 

imisken, rac, Cveulebriv, skepticizmis sayrdens Seadgens 

_ empiriuli cnobierebisken, grZnobadi aRqmisken. 

`SeuracxyofilSi~ zusti detalebis siuxviT aris 

naCvenebi, rom sinamdvilis grZnobadi aRqmis adamianuri 

àparati~ naklovania da amitom Zalze Znelia Tu 

sulac SeuZlebelia WeSmaritebas mivuaxlovdeT. realobis 

personaJiseuli aRqma, romlis safuZvelSic 

erotiuli impulsia Sefaruli, metad mkveTri da konkretikiT 

savsea saimisod, rom iluzoruli gamodges, 

magram fsiqikis paradoqsic es aris _ rac ufro darwmunebulia 

empirikas mindobili adamiani raimes WeSmaritebaSi, 

miT ufro iolad SeiZleba daSordes 

sinamdviles. 

Tavisi koncefciiT `SeuracxyofilTan~ axlosaa 

èskalade~, romlis gmiric, evropaSi karnavalisas 

datrialebuli ucnauri ambebis Semxedvare, adamianuri 

arsebobis da grZnobad aRqmaze damokidebuli adamianuri 

Semecnebis miraJul xasiaTs wvdeba: yoveli adamiani 

niRabia, sulierad uxilavia; mTeli sinamdvile da 

sakacobrio idealebic moCvenebiTobaa; niRabTa da 

iluzorul warmodgenaTa iqiT gadaxedva, WeSmaritebis 

xilva adamianis cnobierebas ar uweria. 

novelaSi ìskanderi~ daujerebeli ram aris realobad 

qceuli _ mkvdari laparakobs: `gicxadebT, rom me 

sruliad sxvanairi cnobierebis sferoSi vimyofebi, da 

yovelive, rac am axali cnobierebis sferoSi gadasvlamde 

iyo Cems cxovrebaSi, axla ise sasacilod meCveneba, 

rom Tqven mand verc ki warmoidgenT amas.. gicqeriT 

da Zalian sasaciloni ki meCvenebiT, me da Cemma 

RmerTma. a? Cveneburad gindaT rom mitiroT, ara?~. gaucnaurebuli 

sikvdilis winaSe yvelaze arasaxarbielod 

gamoiyureba da tragikomikurad umweoa eqimi, 

praqtikuli mecnierebis da crurwmenaTagan dazRveuli 

gonebis gansaxiereba _ adamianis empiriuli cnobi- 

196

erebis, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli `saRi azris~ SezRudulobas 

amxels avtoris damcinavi skepticizmi, novelaSi 

moTxrobili fantastikur-groteskuli istoria. 

adamianis sulieri raobis skeptikuri xedva gasdevs 

novelas ìSviaTi SemTxvevis gmiri~. nawarmoebis personaJi 

pikantur viTarebaSi raRac gaucnobierebeli fsiqikuri 

Zalis zegavleniT patiosnad iqceva da Tavisi 

saqcieli TviTonve akvirvebs. novelis saTauric gvkarnaxobs, 

rom personaJis qceva uCveuloa da es ironiul 

Seferilobas iZens _ zneobrivi saqcielia iSviaTi da 

ucnauri... 

1984 

197

`haki aZba~ 

rogorc neoromantikosi, leo qiaCeli afxazeTs 

aRiqvams kulturis im Zveli plastebis Semnaxvel mxared, 

romelTac haki aZbasnairi, bunebrivi, civilizaciis 

mankierebebiT Seuryvneli, monoliTuri da mZafri 

sulis adamiani SeuZliaT warmoSvan _ romantikosi Tu 

romantizmTan genetikurad dakavSirebuli mwerlebi 

eZeben iseT eTnokulturul arealebs, sadac saSualo 

adamianisgan gansxvavebul, Zlieri suliT da vnebebiT 

gamorCeul naturebs aRmoaCenen (vTqvaT, stendalis- 

Tvis aseTi areali italiaa, merimesTvis _ espaneTi...). 

haki aZbas romantikulad uCveulo figura ikveTeba 

soxumis sazogadoebis antiromantikul, meSCanur-filisterul 

fsiqologiasTan da moralTan SepirispirebiT. 

mwerlis uCumrad damcinavi mzeriT danaxuli am 

sazogadoebisTvis mTavaria uSfoTveli cxovrebis, 

kmayofili arsebobis simdoris SenarCuneba da amisTvis 

nebismier moralur Rirebulebas uprincipod daTmobs, 

yovelgvar damcirebas aitans, sindisis qenjnis gareSe 

gawiravs Tanamoqalaqeebs (upirvelesad es vaWrebze 

iTqmis, romlebic TavgamodebiT icaven TavianTi qonebis 

usafrTxoebas). soxumis mkvidrebi, romlebsac panikuri 

SiSi mTel maT uRirsobas, pirferobas da farisevlobas 

gamoamJRavnebinebs, Tavisi zRvargadasuli konformizmiT 

arsebiTad TviTonve axdenen saxifaTo situaciis 

provocirebas. niSandoblivia isic, rom soxumis 

wvrilburJuaziulad `keTilgonieri~, mfrTxali da 

Tvinieri sazogadoeba erTbaSad iqceva agresiul, daundobel 

brbod da namdvil nadirobas marTavs adamianze, 

vinc Tavisi araordinaruli _ zneobrivi saqcieliT 

mas myudroeba daurRvia. 

filisteruli, heroizmisgan sruliad daclili da 

konformistuli sazogadoebis bunebriv produqts 

warmoadgenen misi revoluciurobiT SeniRbuli fariseveli 

liderebi, romelTa namdvili saxe yvelaze cxadad 

bolSevikebis kreiserze maTi damamcirebeli vizitebisas 

Cans. 

198

SedarebiT Rirseulad TiTqos aristokratia gamoiyureba 

(Tu ar CavTvliT bolSevikebTan Setakebisas 

ujuS emxas mimtovebel mis aristokrat `megobrebs~), 

magram ase imis wyalobiT aris, rom aristokratebi 

ufro iniRbebian, maT sxvebze ukeTesad ician Rirsebis 

imitireba. sinamdvileSi maTac mxolod sakuTari 

usafrTxoeba da Tavisi kastis statusis uryeoba adardebT 

da ara axlobeli adamianebis sicocxle da bedi, 

rasac beqirbi CaCbaze garegnuli zrunviT da maT mier 

gawiruli emxasadmi demonstraciuli TanagrZnobiT 

faraven. roca haki aZbas Tanganwirvas iwoneben, soxumeli 

Tavadebi adamianis bedisadmi gulgrilobasTan 

erTad TvalTaxedvis socialur siviwroves amJRavneben 

_ Tvlian, rom bunebrivi iqneba, Tu glexi Tavads 

sicocxles Sewiravs. gaqvavebuli socialuri sqemebiT, 

stereotipebiT azrovneba maT paradoqsulad amsgavsebs 

TavianT mters _ bolSevik kapitans. 

kapitnis saxec, haki aZbas (aseve emxas) saxesTan er- 

Tad, filisterul sazogadoebasTan Sepirispirebulia. 

es personaJi romantikulad gaucnaurebuli, gaidumalebuli 

da TiTqmis demonizebulia _ aRWurvilia 

monstriseburi ieriT, SiSismomgvreli Sinagani ZaliT, 

gamoucnobi suliT. is aramarto adamianebs, aramed 

TiTqos bunebis stiqiebsac imorCilebs. kilgas uCveulo 

da idumali figura gvagonebs kapitan aqabis 

romantikulad demonizebul saxes melvilis `mobi 

dikidan~. 

kapitnis romantikul - heroikuli figura TandaTan 

knindeba, Saravendedisgan ganiZarcveba, emxas sapirispirod, 

romelic Tavidan dakninebulia da TandaTan 

maRldeba. revoluciis mrisxane Zalis da nebis, revoluciis 

uzenaesi simarTlis ganmasaxierebeli arseba 

Sinaganad Rataki, gonebaSezRuduli fanatikosi aRmoCndeba, 

romlis TiTqosda Seucnoblad Rrma suli viwro 

marqsistul dogmaSia Cateuli. klasTa brZolis Teoriis 

miRma is ver xedavs cocxal adamianebs, maT simar- 

Tles da Sordeba imasac, risTvisac TiTqos revolucia 

moxda _ revoluciis deklarirebuli mizani swored 

199

hakisnairi socialuri warmomavlobis adamianebis qomagobaa 

da kapitnis ideuri da moraluri kraxia is, rom 

igi amgvari adamianis mimarTac sulier sibrmaves iCens. 

kapitani, romelic hakis monad miiCnevs, TviTon gamodgeba 

Tavisi dogmis, agresiuli impulsebis da Zalauflebismoyvareobis 

mona. 

sulieri siRaribis da sibrmavis gamo bolSeviki kapitani 

ar SeiZleba iyos tragikuli _ Tundac tragikulad 

Semcdari _ gmiri. sulis siviwrove am TiTqosda 

araCveulebriv adamians primitiuli moZaladis, tragikuli 

gmirebis usaxuri jalaTis rols argunebs. 

`haki aZba~ tragikuli fenomenis erT-erTi yvelaze 

srulyofili xorcSesxmaa qarTul literaturaSi. mis 

tragizms qmnis is, rom rogorc filisterul-meSCanuri 

konformizmi da uprincipoba, aseve bolSevikuri 

fanatizmi gardauvalad, fatalurad ewinaaRmdegeba 

adamianur Rirsebas, erTgulebas da siyvaruls, simar- 

Tles. amitom moTxrobaSi movlenaTa ganviTarebas, siuJetis 

moZraobasac fataluri aucileblobis xasiaTi 

eZleva. amaSi Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs agreTve bedisweris 

idumali winaTgrZnobis romantikul motivs. 

moTxrobaSi warmoisaxeba tragikuli situacia, 

roca gardauvali xdeba adamianebis mier sicocxlis 

msxverplad gaReba im faseulobebis gadasarCenad, romelTa 

gulisTvisac Rirs amqveynad sicocxle; konkretuli 

adamianebis sicocxle unda Seewiros imas, rac 

sazogadod adamianis sicocxles aniWebs sazriss. 

haki aZba, nawarmoebis upirvelesi tragikuli gmiri, 

Tavisi erTguli siyvaruliT ujuS emxasac tragikuli 

gmiris sulier rangs moapovebinebs. hakis damokidebuleba 

ujuSisadmi, cxadia, ZiZiSvilobis tradicias 

efuZneba, romelic Tavadebis da glexebis urTierTobas 

zneobriv da humanur xasiaTs aZlevs, magram tradicia 

am urTierTobis kulturul-simboluri forma ufroa, 

misi Sinaarsi ki WeSmariti adamianuri siyvarulia, 

WeSmariti megobrobaa. `haki aZbaSi~, iseve rogorc akaki 

wereTlis `gamzrdelSi~, ZiZiSvilobis tradiciis Rrma 

azri is aris, rom amqveynad adamianur siyvarulze da 

200

megobrobaze didi faseuloba ar arsebobs, rom adamianis 

yofierebis gamarTleba moyvasis Tavgametebuli 

siyvarulia. 

haki aZba ujuSis sicocxlis gadarCenas ver SeZlebs, 

magram is, rasac igi aRwevs, aranakleb mniSvnelovani da 

faseulia _ haki Tavisi Tavganwiruli erTgulebiT 

ujuSs Rirseulad sikvdils SeaZlebinebs. emxa, romelic 

bolSevikebisadmi mistikuri ZrwoliT aris Sepyrobili, 

mxolod hakis gverdiT, misi wyalobiT ibrunebs 

Sinagan Zalas da Rirsebas _ hakis gareSe is TiTqos 

arasruli, nakluli adamiania. emxa hakis meoxebiT 

kvdeba amayi, is, Tavisi jalaTebis mimarT moraluri 

upiratesobis grZnobiT Sinaganad gamagrebuli, azidavs 

tragikuli gmiris tvirTs. 

haki, romantizebuli ubralo glexi, sulis simdidriT 

bevrad aRemateba maT, vinc socialurad da TiTqos 

kulturiTac masze maRla dgas. Tu qalaqis mesveurebi 

sakuTar pasuxismgeblobas koleqtiur upasuxismgeblobaSi 

gaurbian, haki sxvis pasuxismgeblobas kisrulobs; 

hakis, kapitnisgan gansxvavebiT, SeuZlia mowinaaRmdegis 

TvaliT, misi poziciidan Sexedos sinamdviles; 

haki aSkarad ufro gonieria ujuSis axlobel Tavadebze, 

romlebsac maTi TanasworiviT esaubreba (esec 

mowmobs, rom, kilgas azris sawinaaRmdegod, mis arseba- 

Si monobis natamali ar aris); miTumetes aSkaraa Tavadebis 

mimarT hakis zneobrivi upiratesoba. hakis sulier 

da moralur ierTan Sedareba amJRavnebs yvela socialuri 

Zalis zneobriv siRaribes, romlebic nawarmoebSi 

arian warmoCenili. aseTi adamianis mier cxovrebis 

uaryofa niSnavs, rom am cxovrebaSi simarTles, 

Rirsebas, siyvaruls adgili aRar rCeba. 

`haki aZbaSi~ vaJa-fSavelas poemebis, gansakuTrebiT 

`stumar-maspinZlis~ tragikuli suli ganagrZobs 

arsebobas. qiaCelis novela am poema-tragediis msgavsad 

agebulia Seunelebeli dinamikiT gaSlil eqstremalur 

situaciebze, fataluri simtkiciT Sekrul movlenaTa 

wyebaze; aqac mkveTria TviTmyofadi pirovnebebis 

SeuTavsebloba kritikulad daxatul agresiul 

201

masasTan da es mTeli sisavsiT warmoaCens pirovnebaTa 

daurRveveli solidarobis faseulobas, humanuri 

tradiciebis mkvidr mniSvnelobas; `stumar-maspinZel- 

Si~ da `haki aZbaSi~ erTnairia mtrisadmi damokidebuleba 

_ misi sisastike gamowveulia imiT, rom mteri 

faqtobrivad araadamianad aris miCneuli da amitom mis 

mimarT yovelgvari uzneobis Cadena gamarTlebulia; 

mterTan urTierToba SeiZleba emyarebodes mxolod 

SurisZiebis kanons: rogorc zviadaurs swiraven qistebi 

TavianT mkvdars, aseve swiraven bolSevikebi emxas 

moklul mezRvaurs... 

`haki aZbaSi~ qarTuli kultura bolSevizms upirispirebs 

Tavisi faseulobaTa sistemis birTvs _ adamian- 

Ta Rrma sulier kavSirs, axloblobis kults, rainduli 

moraliT nasazrdoeb Rirsebis grZnobas. 

hakis saxe tradiciuli qarTuli msoflgagebis da 

eTikis gviani gacxadebaa. haki aZbas literaturuli arqetipi 

avTandilia. amave dros qiaCelis gmiris winaparia 

istoriuli pirovneba _ cotne dadiani, romelSic 

TiTqos `vefxistyaosnidan~ gadmosaxlda avTandilis 

suli, misi Tavgametebuli siyvaruli da erTguleba 

moyvasisadmi, misi gonebamaxviloba, moxerxebuloba da 

artistizmi, romelsac Tavisi keTilSobiluri miznebis 

misaRwevad iyenebs. 

cotnes msgavsad mters nebayoflobiT Cabarebuli 

haki aZbac misgan axloblis gamosaxsnelad moxerxebulobas 

da artistizms iSveliebs, SeniRbvas mimarTavs 

da ase cdilobs bolSevikTa atamanis gulis molbobas. 

magram cotne dadianis mier dayoliebuli monRolisgan 

gansxvavebiT, misi Soreuli bolSeviki memkvidris 

moxibvla da gulis mogeba SeuZlebelia. bolSeviki, 

totalitaruli adamiani brmaa sxva civilizaciis warmomadgenlis 

faseulobebisadmi, moklebulia unars 

Cawvdes sxvis Tavisebur sulierebas, gansxvavebul 

pozicias da simarTles. igi Trgunavs yvelafers, rac 

mas ar gavs, rac misi viwro simarTlis miRmaa. 

202 

2005

cduneba 

romani `sisxli~ mxatvruli RirsebiT da popularobiT 

Camouvardeba leo qiaCelis yvelaze mniSvnelovan 

nawarmoebebs. praqtikulad is TiTqmis miviwyebulia. 

`sisxlSi~ faqtografia xSirad faravs movlenebis 

Sida, arsebiT ganzomilebas, personaJebis saxeebi arasakmarisadaa 

gamokveTili... magram amasTanave romanSi 

aris maRali SemoqmedebiTi tonusiT dawerili monakve- 

Tebi, gansakuTrebiT sikvdilTan dakavSirebuli scenebi 

(sikvdilis gancda-warmoCenis siZliere saerTodac 

gamoarCevs leo qiaCels); igrZnoba is gulisxmiereba 

pirovnebis Sinagani, sxvebisTvis dafaruli sicocxlis 

mimarT, romelic epoqis mxatvruli cnobierebis mkafio 

Tvisebaa; romanis stili TiTqos qveteqstis teqnikas 

mogvagonebs saqmiani, Tanabari toniT, pirdapir 

uTqmelis, nagulisxmevis gazrdili wiliT; zogjer ki 

aseT maneras, romelsac yru ironiac erTvis, eqspresionistulad 

agznebuli saxeobrioba enacvleba; rac 

mTavaria, `sisxlSi~ realisturi miukerZoeblobiT 

aris naCvenebi qarTveli social-demokratebis cxovreba 

saukunis dasawyisSi; romani mogviTxrobs, rogor 

Tavisufldeba doqtrinis salteebisgan axalgazrda 

inteligenti _ menSeviki; am procesis gamosaxva yovel- 

Tvis ar aris reliefuri, magram mTlianobaSi sakmaod 

damajerebelia. 

arCil dadiSianis marqsistul msoflmxedvelobas 

bzaravs adamianuri arsebobis siRrmiseul fenomeneb- 

Tan misi pirispir Sexvedra _ siyvarulis tanjva, drois 

Cumi, idumali qroba da yofierebis umyaroba, sikvdilis 

saSineleba marqsistuli doqtrinis Tvalsawieris 

miRmaa. 

social-demokratiuli ideologiisadmi agulgrilebs 

arCils revolucionerebTan axlo urTierToba 

da maTi kargad gacnobac. Tu erTi maTgani axirebuli 

fanatikosia, romelic Tvlis, rom engelsze ufro sworad 

esmis marqsizmi, sxvebi ideur mrwamss moklebuli 

arian. revolucioneroba maTTvis ubralod xelobaa, 

203

omliskenac gaboroteba, SurisZiebis Jini ewevaT (rogorc 

amas arCilis ZiZiSvilis Tavgadasavali mowmobs). 

maT saxeebs mwerali TavSekavebiT xatavs da Ria Sefasebebs 

gaurbis _ aramarto imitom, rom mkacri obieqturoba 

misi stilis maxasiaTebelia, aramed imitomac, rom 

romani ukve ocian wlebSi iwereboda (is 1927 wels gamoqveynda). 

mainc TvalsaCinoa am xalxis raoba _ Zaladoba 

da sisxlisRvra maTTvis normaluri movlenaa, isini 

moralur problemebze Tavs ar imtvreven. avismomaswavebeli 

nakvTebi SeiniSneba revolucionerebis saxeebSi. 

social-demokratebis, gansakuTrebiT bolSevikebis 

wreSi arCil dadiSiani orTodoqsiis da Seuwynareblobis 

damTrgunvelobas grZnobs. pirovnebis sulieri 

Tavisufleba, damoukidebeli azrovnebis, eWvis ufleba 

CaixSoba. esec TandaTan aSorebs arCils socialdemokratebisgan. 

misi maZiebeli buneba veRar eTviseba 

doqtrinis sworxazovnebas. igi imsWvaleba pativiscemiT 

cocxali sinamdvilisadmi, romelic aRemateba nebismier 

gonebaWvretiT sqemas da proeqts, nebismier 

dogmas. 

mainc social-demokratiuli ideologiisgan arCil 

dadiSianis gandgomis mTavari mizezi erovnuli fenomenisadmi 

am ideologiis nihilisturi damokidebulebaa. 

erovnuli nihilizmisgan dadiSianis gankurneba danawevrebulad 

ar aris warmoCenili, magram misi gardamtexi 

momentebis motivireba damafiqrebel dakvirvebebs 

Seicavs. 

cixeSi arCil dadiSians leqciis wakiTxva mouxdeba 

erovnuli sakiTxis marqsistuli gagebis Temaze _ 

dadiSianis WeSmarit marqsistobaSi eWvi eparebaT da es 

eWvi leqciam unda gafantos. igi aramarto axerxebs 

amas, aramed TavisTavSi imden paToss aRmoaCens, rom 

TviTonve ukvirs. marqsizmis aRar sjera, magram marqsistul 

Tvalsazriss erovnul sakiTxze iseTi gulwrfeli 

TavgamodebiT icavs, rom ver gaugia, ra alaparakebs 

ase. mxolod bundovnad gauelvebs SegnebaSi `molandeba... 

odesRac Zlieri, magram amJamad ganadgurebuli 

modgmis daSinebuli sulisa, romelsac sakuTari 

204

Tavis uaryofa daSTenoda Tavdacvis ukanasknel da 

erTaderT saSualebad, rom arseboba ganegrZo~. 

es paradoqsi SeiZleba ase gavigoT _ `modgmis suli~ 

daiqanca erovnuli TviTmyofobisTvis brZolaSi 

gancdili mravali marcxiT, daiTrguna am brZolis 

uperspeqtivobis grZnobiT da amitom ebRauWeba moZRvrebas, 

romelic erovnul problemas saerTod ar miiCnevs 

arsebiTad, socialuri samarTlianobis damyarebas 

saxavs yvela problemis gadaWris pirobad; erovnuli 

Cagvris Ziric socialuri Cagvra, usamarTlobaa da 

mizezis mospobiT moispoba Sedegic; patara, dauZlurebul 

ers, amgvarad, TiTqos gadarCenis Sansi eZleva... 

SesaZlebelia, amgvarma ganwyobamac ganapiroba is, rom 

social-demokratiuli moZraoba saqarTveloSi masobrivi 

mxardaWeriT sargeblobda. 

arCil dadiSiani Semdegac ganagrZobs fiqrs ucnauri 

leqciis Sesaxeb da agnebs im ZiriTad motivs, romelic 

sakuTar erovnebas ase gatacebiT uarayofinebs. 

Tavis megobars, patriotuli enTuziazmiT savse 

kacs Salva ramaZes arCili umxels: `cixeSi rom viyavi, 

uCveulo azrebi damebadnen... im azrebis uCveuloba 

imaSi gamoixateboda, rom... rogor giTxra... qarTveli 

rom viyavi, amis gamo Tavi Zalian mecodeboda. amas isic 

daemata, rom Zalian mindoda erovnulad didi vyofiliyavi, 

sul erTia, warsuliT Tu awmyoTi, magram gansakuTrebuli 

didebiT mindoda meamayna. ai, rogorc es 

inglisels, an frangs, germanels, russ SeuZlia, ginda 

Zvelebs mravals kidev, berZnebs, romaelebs da sxvebs. 

magram, warmoidgine, saamayo Cvens istoriaSi maincdamainc 

veraferi ver aRmovaCine... ra iyo mizezi, rom sul 

ubedureba gvWirda da monobas Tavi verasodes ver 

davaRwieT...~. 

uTuod Rirs am iSviaT aRsarebaSi gamkrTali fenomenis 

gageba vcadoT. 

sakuTari dabeCavebuli eris uaryofisken pirovnebas 

ubiZgebs survili, aRar iziarebdes mis ubedurebas 

da uRonobas, magram am movlenis mTavari wanamZRvari 

mainc sxva ram aris _ pirovnebis survili, iyos èrov- 

205

nulad didi~, ekuTvnodes mZlavr, dawinaurebul mTlianobas, 

wili edos mis warmatebebSi. xolo es arsebiTad 

niSnavs, rom pirovnebas unda TviTon iyos `didi~, siamayis 

da Tavmomwoneobis uflebis mqone. survili, iyo 

èrovnulad didi~, Tavis siRrmeSi, arsSi emTxveva survils, 

iyo `pirovnulad didi~. 

`sididis~ moTxovnilebas, arCil dadiSiani rom 

grZnobs, rogorRac unda pasuxobdes ideologia, romlis 

saxeliTac igi erovnul interesebs ugulebelyofs. 

marqsistuli ideologia principulad da xazgasmulad 

internacionaluria, miznad isaxavs aucileblad 

sakacobrio masStabiT ganxorcieldes, kacobrioba er- 

Tiani da erTgvarovani gaxados. da es Zalian uadvilebda 

mcire, susti da uCinari eris warmomadgenels 

arasrulfasovnebis da sipataravis kompleqsisgan ga- 

Tavisuflebas _ marqsistul ideasTan ziarebiT igi 

erTbaSad mZlavri saerTaSoriso socialisturi moZraobis 

nawilad da revoluciurad gardasaqmneli msoflios 

moqalaqed iqceoda; doqtrinis maRiarebeli ra- 

Rac dids, globalurs ekedleboda da amiT TviTonac 

`diddeboda~; misi ambiciis winaSe araxelsayreli erovnuli 

warmoSoba barierad aRar aRimarTeboda; es doqtrina 

mis pativmoyvareobas da TviTdamkvidrebis survils 

Tavazobda uzarmazar samoqmedo sivrces _ mTel 

planetas, anda Cvens pirobebSi ruseTis imperias mainc. 

gandidebis am SesaZleblobebs gamZafrebulad 

grZnobdnen qarTveli marqsistebi, xolo erT-erTma 

maTi srulad gamoyenebac SeZlo. qarTvelma menSevikebma 

ki msoflio didebis wyurvili imiT moikles, rom 

qveynierebis dasanaxad TiTqos wamoiwyes uCveulo da 

evropisTvisac ki sanimuSo ram _ demokratiis da socializmis 

Serwyma; saqarTvelo aramarto daubrunda civilizebul 

samyaros, aramed TiTqos mis avangardSic 

moeqca. 

saqarTvelos Tavis istoriul tragediaSi fatumad 

evropisgan mowyvetilobac evlineboda da CvenSi yovelTvis 

cocxlobda civilizaciis ganviTarebis centrTan 

SeerTebis survili. da ai, movida TiTqosda yve- 

206

laze progresuli evropuli moZRvreba, romelic araviTar 

manZilebs da sxva dabrkolebebs ar epueboda da 

msoflios gaerTianebas apirebda. gaCnda macduri perspeqtiva 

_ swrafi naxtomiT sakacobrio progresis orbitaze 

isev gasvlis, provinciuli mivardnilobis da 

uCinarobisgan Tavisdaxsnis, msoflios avanscenaze 

gaRwevis perspeqtiva. qarTvelebis swrafvas `sididisken~, 

TavisgamoCenis da vrcel sarbielze damkvidrebisken 

axali moZRvreba bevrs aRuTqvamda. 

magram ra muxtavs, ra aZlevs impulss am swrafvas? 

qiaCelis romanSi es kiTxva ase JRers: àviRoT Cveni 

saerTo sulis xasiaTi, didis daCemeba rom gvCvevia da 

misi faqtiuri SesaZlebloba ki rom ara gvaqvs. saidan 

aris es Seusabamo gaqaneba, siTamame? bolos da bolos, 

ramdeni or milioniani xalxi cxovrobs qveyanaze, da ra 

SeviqeniT maincdamainc Cven, rom amden pretenzias vacxadebT... 

damafiqrebeli ar aris gana, rom Cveni Segneba 

meorexarisxovani eris xvedrs istoriaSi ar urigdeba 

da imaze mets moiTxovs, risi mocemac Cvens awindels, 

faqtiur ZalRones SeuZlia~. 

am ucnauri movlenis Salva ramaZiseuli ganmarteba 

miTopoeturi ieris mqonea: qarTvelebi warmoadgenen 

didi da mZlavri modgmis naSTs, romelic odesRac 

erT-erT mTavar rols TamaSobda msoflio istoriaSi 

da msoflio kulturis erT-erTi mTavari Semoqmedi 

iyo. Semdeg man msoflio hegemoniisTvis brZolaSi katastrofa 

ganicada da misi gadarCenili nawili kavkasias 

Seexizna. ìm energiis mcire nakadma, romelic 

qarTvel tomebs maTi didebis samSoblodan gamohyva, 

aRar ikmara kvlav didi istoriis Sesaqmnelad. man isRa 

SeZlo, rom or aTeul saukuneze meti kidev ibrZola 

Tavis saxis SesanarCuneblad, xolo kacobriuli idealisTvis 

mis mier gaweuli umagaliTo, magram amao 

brZolis aRsabeWdad, istoriis sinidisSi amiran-mijaWvuli 

palo Caaso, rogorc xorcSesxmuli, samaradiso 

mxileba imisa, rac iyo da rac axla aris... saukuneebis 

manZilze drogamoSvebiT aqac ifeTqebda xalxis wiaR- 

Si, mis qveSegnebaSi, mileqili mogoneba gardasuli di- 

207

debisa... didi rusTaveli, magaliTad, im didebidan 

momdinareobs. Cveni modgmis meore periods, romelsac 

sakuTriv saqarTvelos istorias vuwodebT, rusTavelis 

warmoSoba ar SeeZlo. amitom hgavs is saswauls. 

rusTavelis saxiT Cvenma modgmam erTxel kidev moigona 

Tavisi didebis xana... da Cveni gardauvali zmanebac 

didebisa... casaviT rom Cvens suls gadaxurvia, 

sizmruli molandebaa imisa, rac odesRac iyo... da unda 

gvwamdes, rom qarTveli xalxi Tavisi gardasuli didebis 

mosagoneblad kvlav gviCvenebs saswauls. es iqneba 

axali amiranis movlineba, magram zRaparSi ki ara, 

_ sinamdvileSi~. 

es yvelaferi emociurad STambeWdavia, magram ufro 

realisturi iqneba vifiqroT, rom qarTvelTa `gardasuli 

dideba~ burusiT mocul SoreTSi ki ar aris sa- 

Zebneli, aramed swored rusTavelis epoqaSi, rodesac 

saqarTvelos yovelmxrivma aRmavlobam am masStabis 

figura savsebiT kanonzomierad warmoSva. maSin saqar- 

Tvelo realurad iyo ìstoriis qartexilebze gamarjvebuli 

erovnuli organizmi da qartexilebis mbrZanebeli, 

gind momavlinebeli erovnuli nebisyofa~ _ iyo 

istoriis mniSvnelovani da aqtiuri subieqti. 

qiaCelis gmiris romantikuli Teoria sworia im 

mxriv, rom qarTvelebis `survilTa diadobani~ marTlac 

istoriuli warsulis cnobieri Tu qvecnobieri 

xsovnidan aris aRmocenebuli. 

meoce saukuneSi xangrZlivi dakninebis da daCrdilulobisTvis 

TavisdaRwevis dagubebuli Jini, pativis 

da didebis moxveWis wadili, msoflio istoriaSi kvlav 

Carevis da mniSvnelovani funqciis kisrebis moTxovnileba, 

romelsac eris istoriuli mexsierebis noyieri 

fena kvebavda, Cveni Tanamemamuleebis garkveul nawil- 

Si gamrudebulad gamovlinda. es ltolvebi moeWidnen 

doqtrinas, romelic maT xorcSesxmis macdunebel SesaZleblobebs 

usaxavda, oRond sanacvlod erovnuli 

da, Tu ukiduresobaze vilaparakebT, saerTod humanisturi 

faseulobebis gawirvas moiTxovda. 

1990 

208

geronti qiqoZe 

realistis simarTle da sisadave 

qarTuli memuaruli da dokumenturi literaturis 

bolodroindel SevsebasTan erTad Seivso Cveni warmodgena 

im gansacdelze, romlis gadatanac saqarTvelos 

mouxda meoce saukuneSi. amgvari literaturis 

siuxveSi geronti qiqoZis `Tanamedrovis Canawerebi~ 

gamoirCeva iSviaTi obieqturobiT, dakvirvebis da analizis 

iSviaTi simaxviliT. ndobiT gangvawyobs avtoris 

upretenzioba _ is arasdros daJinebiT Tavs ar gvaxvevs 

sakuTar Tvalsazriss da gadmocemul movlenebSi 

sakuTar rolsac momabezreblad ar usvams xazs. igi 

sinamdvilisadmi realisturi erTgulebiT gviziarebs, 

risi mowmec iyo da Tavis damokidebulebas Txrobis 

sagnisadmi TviT am saganSi faqizad gaazavebs. 

imis miuxedavad, rom mwerali Tavisi Sinagani samyaros 

gamJRavnebaSi TavSekavebas iCens, es samyaro, 

avtoris sulieri ieri cxadad warmogvidgeba. Cven 

vgrZnobT mwerlis gangeb dayruebul tkivils, uxmauro 

principulobas adamianebis da faqtebis zneobriv SefasebaSi, 

mis TavmdablobiT mosil sibrZnes, romelsac 

araferi akvirvebs, skepticizms, romelic xSirad simarTlis 

wvdomis ufro saimedo saSualebaa, vidre 

gulwrfeli enTuziazmi... momxiblavia geronti qiqoZis 

Taviseburi stoicizmi, romelic mdgomareobs tragikul 

viTarebaTa winaSe sulis aumRvrevlobis da gonebis 

sinaTlis SenarCunebaSi da TiTqos sazrdoobs samyaros 

faruli, maradiuli moraluri sazrisis WvretiT, 

sikeTis da borotebis mudmivi mimoqcevis 

SegnebiT. 

geronti qiqoZe sinamdviles xSirad ironiiT umzers. 

Tumca es ironia zogjer momakvdinebelicaa, is 

ar aris TvalismomWreli, radgan Cumi melanqoliiTaa 

ganelebuli, melanqoliiT, romelic axlavs geronti 

qiqoZis mTel eseistur da kritikul Semoqmedebas. 

209

`Tanamedrovis CanawerebSi~ mwerlis ena, rogorc 

misTvis saerTod aris damaxasiaTebeli, dawmendili da 

moqnilia; plastikuri stiliT ikveTeba qarTveli politikosebis 

da inteligentebis portretTa wyeba. es 

portretebi ixateba dauZabavad, mxolod arsebiTi nakvTebis 

moxazviT, ramdenime zedmiwevniT zusti Strixis 

meSveobiT. geronti qiqoZis mwerlur bunebasTan 

erTnairad SeuTavsebelia ikonografiac da karikaturac. 

igi mudam cdilobs esa Tu is pirovneba dainaxos 

mTlianobaSi, rogorc RirsebaTa da sisusteTa organuli 

xlarTi, imisgan damoukideblad, ranairad aris ganwyobili 

am pirovnebisadmi. mis TxrobaSi usimpaTio subieqtebic 

rogorRac adamianurad gamoiyurebian. 

geronti qiqoZis SemoqmedebiTi individualobis- 

Tvis niSandoblivia miswrafeba, pirovnebis fsiqologiur 

TaviseburebebTan erTad gamokveTos misi kulturuli 

da msoflmxedvelobrivi profili. ase iqmneba 

lakonuri, magram mravlis metyveli da damtevi grafikuli 

saxeebi. realisturi simarTliT da sisadaviT, 

yovelgvari gadaWarbebis Tu paTetikis gareSe arian 

warmodgenili noe Jordania, arCil jorjaZe, irakli 

wereTeli, karlo CxeiZe, spiridon kedia, sergo orjonikiZe, 

pavle sayvareliZe, mixeil javaxiSvili, paolo 

iaSvili da sxvebi. 

geronti qiqoZisTvis saerTod da kerZod rogorc 

istoriuli movlenebis ganmsjelis da SemfaseblisTvis 

gamorCeulad damaxasiaTebelia zomierebis grZnoba, 

rac dakavSirebulia rTuli procesebis dialeqtikuri 

Wvretis unarTan _ igi miiltvis mxedvelobaSi 

iqonios am procesebis winaaRmdegobrivi mxareebis da 

momentebis mTlianoba. amgvari TvalTaxedviT aris 

aRqmuli `Tanamedrovis CanawerebSi~ saqarTvelos damoukideblobis 

periodi, saqarTvelos maSindeli mesveurebis 

saqmianoba, imdroindeli cxovrebis atmosfero. 

es atmosfero ar iyo erTgvarovani, igi xalxis 

aweuli ganwyobis garda imasac moicavda, rasac mwerali 

daxvewili ironiiT aRbeWdavs: `sagareo bazris 

uqonlobis gamo saxelmwifo da kerZo marnebSi did- 

210

Zali Rvino dagrovda. mxedrobis da inteligenciis 

farTo wreebi TiTqo SiSma moicva, es Rvino ar daZmarebuliyo. 

radgan yvelas ar SeeZlo oficialur banketebs 

daswreboda, daiwyo gauTavebeli Rreoba kerZo 

ojaxebsa, yavaxanebsa, sasadiloebSi. es iyo namdvili 

lxini Jamianobis dros~. 

savsebiT uiluziod hyavs danaxuli geronti qiqo- 

Zes social-demokrati liderebi, Seuferavad aqvs warmodgenili 

maTi nakli da Secdomebi, magram aseve cxadad 

iTvaliswinebs igi saqarTvelosTvis arakeTilmyofel 

istoriul viTarebas, garemoebaTa simZimes. amitom 

misi kritikul-ironiuli gansja moklebulia aRSfoTebas 

da sabraldebo daskvnis simkacres. es imiTac 

ganisazRvreba, rom mwerals SeumCneveli ar rCeba damoukideblobis 

swrafwarmavlobis erT-erTi mizezi _ 

imdroindeli qarTuli sazogadoebis zneobis defeqtebi, 

misi nacionaluri TviTSegnebis sisuste. ai, amis 

amsaxveli patara detali: `qarelSi Tu gomSi erTi gzad 

mimavali glexi SeCerda da rusulad wamoiZaxa: _ Zirs 

simindis respublika! _ vis dascinis, Tavis Tavs? _ 

ikiTxa gaocebulma rusma oficerma~. 

aseTi detalebis, wvrilmanebis, SemTxvevebis mimarT 

geronti qiqoZe mgrZnobiare da yuradRebiania, 

maTSi povebs socialur-politikuri sinamdvilis sulier 

arss, did istoriul cvlilebaTa adamianur ganzomilebas, 

rac misTvis yvelaferze ufro saintereso 

da mniSvnelovania. amas es pasaJic mowmobs: `Rame wisqvilSi 

gavaTieT, sadac moxuci mewisqvile Semwvari kvaxiT 

da izabelas RviniT gagvimaspinZlda. Semovida vi- 

Rac axalgazrda glexi, komunisturi partiis axali 

nergi da Cveni Raribi trapezi gaiziara, gviambo, ori 

dRis winaT tyeSi Sevedi wnelis mosaWrelad da iq moulodnelad 

qajs Seveyareo. sruliad titveli iyo, lamazi 

qalis saxe hqonda, xSiri Tma gaeSalao. waldi Semovkari, 

iwivla da miimalao~. advili warmosadgenia, 

saxelmwifo ideologiis rogori Clungi, fanatikuri 

damcveli dadgeba am axalgazrda bolSevikisgan, ro- 

211

gor Semateben Zalas mis politikur aqtivobas Warbi 

erotiuli impulsebi. 

memuarebis emociur-azrobriv da kompoziciur 

centrs qmnis masobrivi represiebis periodis analizi. 

saqarTveloSi am represiebis mTavari ganmaxorcieleblis, 

berias aRzevebis wanamZRvrad geronti qiqoZe garkveul 

politikur tendencias miiCnevs: nepma, `socializmis 

ukandaxevam~ bolSevikur partiaSi Seasusta 

Zveli gvardiis dogmatikosTa poziciebi; eretikosebis 

Seviwroebamac adgili gaaTavisufla stalinis diqtaturis 

mxardamWerTaTvis, romelTac ideuroba maincdamainc 

ar moeTxovebodaT, piriqiT, uprincipoba stalinisTvis 

iolad mosaxmars xdida da winsvlaSi xels 

uwyobda maT. 

roca mwerali berias saqmianobisTvis migvadevnebinebs 

Tvals, mis garegnulad dinj, mkafiod mowesrigebul 

Txrobas Sinagani daZabuloba da simwvave dayveba. 

geronti qiqoZis azriT, beriam saqarTvelos didi ziani 

imiTac miayena, rom xalxs patriotis niRbiT evlineboda, 

aman ki bevri Seiyvana SecdomaSi. zogs dResac 

sjera berias patriotizmi. es an gulubryvilobaa, an 

patriotizmze damaxinjebuli warmodgenis gamovlineba, 

radgan beriasnairi adamianis patriotuli grZnoba 

sinamdvileSi SeiZleba mxolod raRac zoologiuri 

instinqti iyos. maxvilgonivruli da zedgamoWrilia 

saqarTvelos jalaTis geronti qiqoZiseuli xatovani 

daxasiaTeba: `sulTmobrZavTa xrials Tbilisis diqtatori 

ise iyo SeCveuli, rom albaT misi SewyvetisTanave 

eRviZeboda, rogorc eRviZeba mewisqviles, roca dolabis 

xriali Cerdeba~. 

represiebis aRwerisas avtori dagvanaxebs cxovrebis 

paradoqsebs, ucnaurobebs, bedis ironias. skeptikosi 

mixeil javaxiSvili, sabWoTa reJimis mamxilebeli, 

da pavle sayvareliZe, aTeisti, marqsisti, sikvdilis 

win erTnairad eZeben nugeSs religiaSi... anda, vTqvaT, 

Seurigebeli mtrebi, erTmaneTis moZule adamianebi 

gverdigverd aRmoCndebian rogorc gansasjelebi. 

212

geronti qiqoZe gamokveTs sabWoTa reJimis erT-erT 

yvelaze Rrma Sinagan winaaRmdegobas _ es reJimi Tavis 

ZiriTad principad koleqtivizms acxadebda, sinamdvileSi 

ki mudmivi teroris viTareba adamianis egoistur 

ltolvebs amZafrebda. `sazogadoebis erTi nawili daemsgavsa 

cecxlis mfrqveveli mTis Ziras aSenebuli 

qalaqis mcxovreblebs, romlebic Cqaroben siamovnebis 

fiala amoswuron, vinaidan xvalindeli dRe uzrunvelyofili 

ara aqvT~. 

magram geronti qiqoZe fiqrobs, rom sabWoTa reJimis 

arseboba da sicocxlisunarianoba teroris, SiSis 

garda sxva safuZvlebsac emyareba. mwerali analitikurad 

aRwers bolSevikebis mier Seqmnili sazogadoebis 

struqturas da am struqturas saxavs reJimis gamZleobis 

pirobad. es aris ierarqiuli sazogadoeba, magram 

misi zeda fenebis Semadgenloba cvalebadia, amitom 

qveda fenebis mkvidrT iq moxvedris macdunebeli SesaZlebloba 

eZlevaT. cxadia, es cirkulacia ganamtkicebs 

reJims; bolSevikebma uzrunvelyves xelisuflebisadmi 

muSebis mxardaWera, romelTa materialuri da 

moraluri mdgomareoba erTgvarad gaumjobesda; efeqtiani 

aRmoCnda maT pativmoyvareobaze ostaturi zemoqmedebac, 

maTi namdvil Tu potenciur gmirebad Seracxva; 

xolo sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier daymevebuli 

glexobisTvis `mainc erTgvari sanazRauro iyo, rom 

misi Wirnaxulis didi nawili saxelmwifos mihqonda da 

ara uqm memamules~; reJims emadlierebian isini, visac 

sabWoTa saxelmwifom ganaTlebis miRebis saSualeba 

misca da vinc axali, naklebad kvalificiuri da nayofieri 

inteligenciis mravalricxovani amqari Seadgina. 

avtori aRniSnavs sabWoTa reJimis dros saqarTveloSi 

momxdar garkveul ekonomikur da kulturul 

Zvrebs, magram misTvis mTavaria is mavne Sedegebi, romlebic 

maT axlda _ saqarTvelos gadaqceva monokulturebis 

qveynad, araqarTvelTa migraciis saxifaTo 

gaZliereba da am fonze qarTuli kulturis jansaRi 

funqcionirebis Seferxeba, xalxis iniciativis 

Seborkva... 

213

memuarebis erT-erTi mTavari personaJia stalini, 

romelsac mwerali xedvis Tavisi meTodis Sesatyvisad 

_ aracalmxrivad da araerTmniSvnelovnad warmogvidgens. 

udavoa, rom stalini Zlieri politikosi iyo, romelmac 

mkveTri kvali daaCnia istorias, magram Znelia 

daeTanxmo mwerals imaSi, TiTqos stalinis saqmianoba 

ase Tu ise progress uxsnida gzas. mainc memuarebis 

avtori mTlianobaSi obieqturia stalinis fenomenisadmi, 

igi natifi ironiiT xelSesaxebad aRadgens 

stalinis gandidebis da TviTgandidebis avadmyofur 

process. geronti qiqoZe Rrma realizmiT ganWvrets am 

SiSismomgvreli adamianis sulier arss. `stalini, albaT, 

imdenad general denikinis, partiuli opoziciebis, 

feldmarSal guderianis winaaRmdeg brZolas ar 

dauRlia, rogorc jer hitlerTan SeTanxmebam, xolo 

Semdeg ruzveltsa da CerCilTan damegobrebam daRala. 

rogor SeeZlo vinmes xangrZlivad damegobreboda 

adamiani, romelic cxovrebas sayovelTao Seunelebel 

omad Tvlida. kaci mas an unda gascloda, an damorCileboda. 

misi mZafri xelis moZraoba (meore xeli Semxmari 

hqonda), misi damcinavi Rimili Txel tuCebze, misi 

gamsWvalavi Tvalebis gamometyveleba mowmobdnen, rom 

is aTvaliswunebiT an undoblad uyurebda adamianTa 

modgmas, umravlesobas an advilad mosasyidad Tvlida, 

an monuri morCilebis da dasjis Rirsad~. 

kanonzomieria, rom geronti qiqoZe memuarebs 

stalinis glovis monumenturi suraTiT amTavrebs _ 

amiT dasrulda mTeli tragikuli epoqa, romelmac 

TviT memuarebis avtorsac bevri tkivili agema. magram 

geronti qiqoZem mainc SeZlo Tavisi moraluri saxis, 

Sinagani Tavisuflebis da inteleqtualuri patiosnebis 

gadarCena. misi daurRveveli sulis da daxvewili 

gonebis anareklia `Tanamedrovis Canawerebic~. 

214 

1991

grigol robaqiZe 

gansacdeli 

sabWoeTis fantastikuri realoba, bolSevikuri 

reJimis buneba da qarTuli sulierebis bedi am reJimis 

pirobebSi, epoqaluri tragediis saTaveebi da mizezebi, 

stalinis pirovneba _ yovelive amis mxatvrulanalitikuri 

ganWvretis cdaa grigol robaqiZis romani 

`Cakluli suli~. 

romanis mxatvruli simarTle upirvelesad is aris, 

rom masSi moxelTebuli da ganfenilia epoqis SiSismomgvreli 

atmosfero. igi yvelaferSi atans, mis gamomfitav 

zegavlenas veravin usxlteba. ver usxlteba 

mas verc romanis mTavari gmiri. mis saxeSi TiTqos 

idealuri qarTvelis stereotipuli xati gamosWvivis: 

is raindulad vaJkacuria, amayi da SemarTuli, sicocxlis 

Sekavebuli xalisiT savse da Sinagan silbosac ar 

aris moklebuli magram es xati Signidan irRveva, masze 

damSlelad moqmedebs SiSi, romelic am Zlieri kacis 

sulSi Separula da gamjdara. 

mtkivneulad akvirdeba Tamazi sabWoTa kavSirSi 

RmerTis winaaRmdeg warmowyebul laSqrobas, avadmyofur 

movlenas, romelSic sabWourobis arss xedavs. 

magram, misi azriT, is, rac xdeba, aucilebelia, radgan 

uRmerTo kulturam revoluciis jojoxeTi unda gamoiaros, 

krizisi bolomde unda gamwvavdes, raTa mas 

rwmenis aRorZineba moyves. es krizisi TviTon Tamazis 

arsebasac moicavs, RmerTi arsebiTad masac dakarguli 

hyavs. Tumca pozitivizmis da aTeizmis mimarT Zalian 

kritikulad, antipaTiurad aris ganwyobili da samyaros 

aRiqvams rogorc saidumlos, mainc pirovnuli absolutisgan 

mowyvetilia. samyarodan RmerTis da ma- 

Rali sulierebis, mowiwebis aRmZvreli faseulobebis 

gaZevebas, `jados axsnas~, rac dasavlur civilizaciaSi 

spontanuria, xolo sabWoTa sinamdvileSi gegmazomie- 

215

ad da amave dros ugono enTuziazmiT xorcieldeba, 

igi Sinaganad emijneba da uZaliandeba. magram mas ara 

aqvs RmerTis da sulis ukvdavebis cocxali rwmenis fari, 

sastiki reJimis masirebuli Semotevisgan rom daicavda. 

romanis gmiri iwamleba SiSiT, romlisac rcxvenia 

da romelic tanjavs, xolo sakuTari bunebrivi si- 

Tamame, drodadro rom ver iokebs, kidev ufro aSfoTebs. 

misi suli Tavidanve ganiaraRebulia adamianis 

dasaTrgunad konstruirebuli sistemis winaSe, romlis 

mTavari samizne swored Tavisufali sulia. is iZulebulia 

daeqvemdebaros sistemis mudmiv da ufxizles 

kontrols. es kontroli àxali RmerTis~ _ partiuli 

saxelmwifos, gpu-s _ Tvalia. `socialisturi koleqtivi 

saWiros xdis aseT idumal Tvals. RmerTi kvdeba 

_ mis adgils es Tvali ikavebs~. Rrma dakvirvebaa _ 

religiur sazogadoebaSi adamianebi RmerTis mzeras 

grZnoben, es mzeraa maTi cxovrebis universaluri Semmowmebeli, 

totalitaruli saxelmwifo ki swored 

RmerTs enacvleba, mis prerogativebs iTvisebs. 

es Senacvleba iwvevs imas, rom adamianis Sinagani 

samyaro daixSoba, yrud Cairazeba. mas aRar SeuZlia 

sxva adamianis gulis Sesagebeblad Tavisuflad gai- 

Ros, mas ndobiT Seexos, Seerwyas _ `guli misces gulisaTvis~. 

romanis gmiri, bunebiT gulRia adamiani, 

mowyurebulia aseT urTierTobas, romelic misTvis 

RvTaebrivi, sakraluri aqtia, magram boWavs SiSi, ùm- 

Tavresi seni sicocxlis~ da ver axerxebs xorci Seasxas 

am Zlier moTxovnilebas. yvelaze metad Tamazs es 

awvalebs, es agrZnobinebs RvTisgan mitovebulobas. 

magram adamianzec xom aris damokidebuli, iqneba Tu 

ara RmerTi samyaroSi: `RmerTi yvelganaa sadac guli 

Riaa, samsxverplo cxovelis darad mzad aris Tavis SesaTavazeblad~. 

msxverplgaRebis unari, tanjva-wamebis 

tvirTvis Zala aklia Tamazs, vinaidan aklia am Tvisebis 

ganmasaxierebel qristianul RmerTTan Sinagani siaxlove. 

Tavisi msoflgancdiT igi warmarTi ufroa, miwieri, 

xorcieli yofiereba, sicocxle misTvis metad 

Zvirfasi da tkbilia. Tavis modgmasTan, bunebis, samya- 

216

os cxovelmyofel ZalebTan mas organuli kavSiri 

aqvs, rac mis leqsebSic Cans. es romanis gmirs TiTqos 

zogierT cisferyanwel poets amsgavsebs. warmarTuli 

hedonizmi aramarto mSobliuri stiqiaa misTvis, aramed 

sulismosaTqmelic SiSismomgvrel sabWoTa yofaSi. 

samyarosTan, sicocxlesTan harmoniul Tanxmobas ani- 

Webs mas natas siyvaruli da Tumca am siyvarulSic dalandavs 

samyaroSi datanebul bnel, sikvdilismier 

elements, mainc avismauwyebel mixvedrebs Zlevs sicocxlis 

rogorc RvTisgan dalocvili fenomenis grZnoba. 

Tamazi amarTlebs TviT adamianis pirvelcodvas, 

radgan amiT miwieri sicocxlis gamravlebas mieca 

dasabami. 

sicocxlis Tayvaniscema, sicocxlis RvTiuri madlis 

gancda, samyaros da adamianebisTvis gulisgaxsnis 

wadili aramarto romanis mTavari gmiris sulierebis 

Tvisebaa, aramed erovnuli msoflSegrZnebis Zireuli 

tendenciac aris, Tuki es msoflSegrZneba Seuryvneli 

da aumRvrevelia. `qarTvelebi sufras usxdnen. Tvali 

rom qveyanas, mzes, mTebs, xeebs, cxovelebs, adamianebs 

ucqers, guls sixaruli efineba da surs Semoqmeds 

qeba-dideba Seasxas. dalocvilia wami, roca lxeniT 

savse guli meorisaTvis ixsneba, gulis Trobaa, rasac 

qarTveli lxinSi ganicdis aq erTmaneTis gaxarebaa 

mTavari _ `gana bedniereba ar aris, rom gxedav? rom 

vcocxlob? rom gxvdebi da mxvdebi?~. amgvar msoflgancdasTan 

Seurigebel winaaRmdegobaSia sabWoTa re- 

Jimi, romelic erTmaneTisadmi SiSiT da undoblobiT 

aavadebs adamianebs, aiZulebs TavisTavSi gamoemwyvdnen, 

sulebi daimunjon da uxSobs erTmaneTTan Sinagani 

Sexmianebis, gamTlianebisken swrafvas. 

xolo im kacis mTavari Tviseba, vinc es reJimi misi 

bunebis Sesabamisad `srulyo~, swored sicocxlis 

madlTan Tanaziarobis uunarobaa. stalinisTvis Tavisi 

sastiki mamisadmi siZulvilis gamo sicocxle Tavidanve 

dawyevlilia da borotebaa. igi gaTiSulia samyaros 

mTlianobisgan da TavisTavSia Caketili. `mas araferi 

axarebs. mis guls ar ZaluZs kosmiurad ZirisZi- 

217

amde gaixsnas. is ar aris aalebuli, xorcSesxmuli nawili 

mistiurad daglejili RmerTisa: is civia, mtkice 

da pirquSi. aseTi adamianisTvis ar arsebobs eqstazi. 

aseT umamos rom beThovenis mecxre simfonia moesmina 

_ gansakuTrebiT dasasruli, sadac mRelvare orkestrSi 

adamianTa xmebi iWrebian, xmebi dionisos mier daglejil 

arsebaTa, romlebic sxva sicocxles, axals, 

adamianurs Tu zeadamianurs acxadeben _ is mainc ver 

gaxleCda Tavis viwro naWuWs, raTa unapiro sinamdviles 

SeerTeboda. is civi, mtkice da pirquSi darCeboda~. 

stalini adreve agnebs misTvis saWiro da Sesaferis 

msoflgagebas. nihilizmis daxmarebiT is `Tavisufldeba~ 

RmerTis, zneobis da yovelgvari Rirebulebebisgan 

da sicocxlisadmi mtrobis ideur sanqcias iRebs; nihilisturi 

SexedulebiT xom samyaro da adamiani uRmer- 

To, SemTxveviTi da mdabalia da amdenad maT mimarT mouridebeli, 

agresiuli damokidebuleba fuZndeba; `ga- 

Tavisuflebulis~ destruqciul TviTnebobas win aRaraferi 

eRobeba, mis usazRvro egocentrizms aRaraferi 

borkavs. 

sabolood poulobs stalini TavisTavs marqsizmis 

bolSevikur nairsaxeobaSi, romelic SeniRbuli da Zalauflebis 

mosapoveblad mobilizebuli nihilizmia. 

stalinis fenomenis ganmartebisas grigol robaqiZe 

dostoevskis Semoqmedebas iSveliebs, kerZod, romans 

èSmakni~. am romanis personaJi verxovenski stalinis 

namdvili (Tumca masTan SedarebiT uferuli) arqetipia, 

pirvel rigSi imiT, rom sicocxle misTvisac sibilwea, 

araferi aRuZravs rids da mowiwebas, amitom nebismier 

saSinelebas Caifiqrebs da Caidens. SeiZleba gavixsenoT 

dostoevskis eSmakTa naSieri sologubis antigmiric 

romanidan `patara eSmaki~. Tavis personaJs, romelic 

samyarosadmi mtruladaa dapirispirebuli da 

samyarosganac mudam mtrobas moelis, avtori ase axasiaTebs: 

`pirovnuli da gancalkevebuli yofierebis 

cdunebebiT dabrmavebuls ar esmoda dionisuri, stiqiuri 

aRfrTovaneba, bunebaSi rom zeimobda da xmianobda~. 

grigol robaqiZis mier warmosaxuli stalinic 

218

antidionisuri adamiania, im azriT, rom igi moklebulia 

Tavdaviwyebis, Trobis, aRfrTovanebis da samyarosTan 

eqstazurad gamTlianebis unars. romanis avtorisTvis 

amosavalia dionisuris nicSeseuli gageba. 

`Caklul sulSi~ aris personaJi, romelic cdilobs 

stalinis Zlierebis saidumlos daeuflos da Zlios 

mas. berzini, SesaZloa, bolSevikis erT-erTi saukeTeso 

literaturuli saxe iyos. 

stalinis upiratesoba metoqeebTan SedarebiT swored 

misi ucecxloba, civsisxlianobaa da berzinic eswrafis 

TavisTavSi cecxli da eqstazi moaTvinieros, 

raTa Tavisi mamoZravebeli ltolva _ Zalauflebis, 

sxvaTa damarcxebis da daTrgunvis neba ise gamoawrTos 

da Seuxrelad mizanmimarTuli gaxados, rom stalinze 

gaimarjvos. amisTvis Wirdeba mas natasTan aranormaluri 

urTierToba. es urTierToba samyaros da adamianisadmi 

damokidebulebis bolSevikuri wesis simboloseburad 

SemWidroebul da ganzogadebul gamoxatulebad 

gvevlineba _ samyaros, adamians pativi aeyrebaT, 

amoralurad gamoiyenebian raRac miznis misaRwevad 

mosaxmar, TavisTavadi Rirebulebis armqone instrumentad 

berzinis survilia ara samyarosTan harmoniuli 

Serwyma, aramed sakuTari egos ganmtkiceba, gazrda. 

misi moTxovnilebaa ara Tavisi arsebis gaReba, 

aramed samyaros sasicocxlo Zalebis miTviseba da 

STanTqma. 

berzinis sizmari, romelic romanSi gamorCeulad 

STambeWdavia, bneli sulebis gamSuqebeli mxatvruli 

xilviT cxadyofs, rom berzinisnairi WeSmariti bolSevikic 

ki stalinTan, kidev ufro WeSmarit bolSevikTan 

brZolaSi uRonoa. ase imis gamoc aris, rom stalini 

gafacicebuli instinqtiT gansakuTrebulad SeigrZnobs 

masis Sinagan impulsebs da marTavs maT. stalini 

daumarcxebeli imiTacaa, rom SeuZlia masis ZaliT 

aRivsos, misi nebis gamtari iyos. 

sabWoTa masis damangreveli zemoqmedeba pirovnebaze 

zustad aris nagrZnobi da naCvenebi epizodSi, sadac 

Tamazi saqarTvelos gasabWoebisadmi miZRvnil 

219

sazeimo sxdomas sityviT mimarTavs. pirovnebis `sazRvrebi 

waiSleba~, misi namdvili `me~ warixoceba da is ambobs 

imas, rac ar wams, amarTlebs Zaladobas, `sisxlis 

gamoSvebas~. romanis mTavari gmiri mTlianobaSi iTqvifeba, 

magram es, cxadia, aris ara is Tavisufali da bunebrivi 

Tanaziaroba samyarosTan da adamianebTan, romelsac 

igi natrobs, aramed pirovnebis sulieri TviTmyofobis 

gaqrobaa, pirovnebis araraobad qcevaa. 

cru ideis safuZvelze adamianebis aseTi aranamdvili, 

araTavisufali gamTlianeba mimdinareobs sabWoTa 

kavSirSi da es procesi romanSi sinamdvilis fantastikuri 

absurdiT Senacvlebad warmodgeba (àkaSas qronika~). 

qimera batondeba, Zalmomreobs realobaze da 

cxovrebas SemaSfoTeblad ucxo ieri edeba, avadmyofuri 

fantaziis gamonagons emsgavseba. TavisTavisgan 

ucxovdeba, ucnaurad gardaiqmneba romanis mTavari 

personaJic, roca saqarTvelos okupaciis wlisTavze 

aRtkinebul sityvas warmoTqvams. 

sakuTari Tavisadmi am Ralatis sazRaurad miiCnevs 

igi dapatimrebas. magram moraluri sazRauris gadaxda 

am SemTxvevaSi niSnavs sikvdilis SiSis morevas, sikvdili 

ki Zalian axlodan imuqreba. `dRisiT aq (gpu-Si) 

samariseburi simSvide sufevda, RamiT ki _ ase samsa da 

oTx saaTs Soris _ SiSismomgvreli xmebi gaismoda: 

TiTqos Citis galiaSi SemZvrali gveli xoxviT miikvlevda 

gzas, enas asisinebda, nel-nela aqanebda Tavs. 

tusaRebi damunjebulni ugdebdnen yurs am Cqams gareT 

sabargo manqana Rmuoda. virTxebi cocxldebodnen, 

TiTqos moaxloebuli leSis suni winaswar ikreso. 

yvela idumalad grZnobda mosaxdens. TviT Zilsac ki 

elviseburad xvretda intuicia, romelic erTbaSad 

anaTebda yvelafers. tani saSinelis siaxloves grZnobda. 

momspobi xaxa daRebuli iyo, bneli, gauZRomeli. 

kidev erTxel ewameboda dionise. nabijebi derefanSi 

yru Sikrikebi iyvnen sikdilis~. 

Tamazma gonebiT icis, rom `roca RmerTiT cxovrob, 

veravin wagarTmevs sicocxles~, magram amis ganyenebuli 

codna ar kmara sikvdilis SiSis mosagerieblad; 

220

omanis mTavar gmirs ki patimrobaSi umZafrdeba 

RvTisgan mitovebulobis grZnoba. is ver icnobierebs 

da isisxlxorcebs imas, risi wvdomisganac TiTqos Sors 

ar aris _ qristianuli RmerTi swored tanjuli 

RmerTia da adamiani yvelaze metad maSin uaxlovdeba 

qristes, roca codvaTa gamosasyidad tanjvas tvirTulobs 

da WeSmaritebisTvis ewameba. Tamazs, miwieri 

sicocxlis gamaRmerTebels, es unari ar aRmoaCndeba. 

magram dacemis Semdeg is _ sikvdils gadarCenili 

berzinis Tu sxvaTagan gansxvavebiT _ sulmokled ar 

CaebRauWeba sicocxles. warmarTi kvdeba masSi. igi 

Tvals usworebs Tavisi sisustis mizezs, TavisTavze 

iRebs dacemiT gamowveuli sulieri tanjvis simZimes 

rogorc damsaxurebul sasjels da ase aRasrulebs 

imas, rac manamde ver SeZlo; mxolod am tanjviT aRmoaCens 

da eziareba qristes rogorc cocxal WeSmaritebas 

da realobas, aRmoaCens, rom qristes gareSe misi 

saTayvanebeli amqveyniuri mSvenierebac sikvdilis, 

araras kuTvnilebaa. grigol robaqiZis gmiri TviTon 

gamocdis sakuTari Teoriuli Tvalsazrisis simarTles: 

`revolucia arnaxulad waaqezebs uRmerTobas, 

xolo SiSveli, uRmerTo adamiani erTbaSad igrZnobs 

sicarieles da aRmafreniT moinatrebs dakarguls~. 

romanis finals kvals aCnevs is garemoeba, rom 

grigol robaqiZis meTodSi da stilSi aris simbolizm- 

Tan dakavSirebuli fena _ simbolizmis danaSrevia 

realobis gaidumaleba, demonizmi, movlenebis faruli, 

zeempiriuli ganzomilebis aqcentireba; ZiriTadad 

romanSi es sakmaod zomierad vlindeba, metwilad cxovrebiseul 

masalas, TiTqosda irealur sabWoTa sinamdviles 

Seezrdeba; realisti Tvalyurs adevnebs da awonasworebs 

simbolists; finalSi ki mistika uceb gau- 

Sualeblad iWreba da mxatvruli simarTlis xarisxi 

klebulobs. 

`Cakluli suli~ inteleqtualizmis primatiT aRbeWdili 

nawarmoebia, rac iSviaTobas ar warmoadgens 

Cveni saukunis literaturaSi. oRond romanSi iqac, sadac 

inteleqtualuri, eseisturi elementi Warbobs, 

221

SenarCunebulia mxatvrul-fsiqologiuri atmosferos 

mTlianoba. nawarmoebSi empiriuli garemos da xasiaTebis 

detalizebuli xatva Canacvlebulia personaJebis 

sulieri ieris da azrTawyobis warmodgeniT, albaT, 

zedmetadac. Sesrulebis manera SekumSuli, gantvir- 

Tulia, avtori efeqturad avlebs da ganalagebs mokveTil 

Strixebs. mwerlis daZabuli goneba, intuicia da 

fantazia axlodan dagvanaxebs sulierebis tragikul 

gansacdels. 

222 

1990

galaktion tabiZe 

enigmaturi saxe da analizi 

yoveli xelovani arsebiTad TviTonve karnaxobs 

mkvlevarebs mis mier Seqmnili mxatvruli sinamdvilis 

analitikuri ganxilvis wess. is, rac gamaxvilebul yuradRebas 

moiTxovs erTi xelovanis Semoqmedebis kvlevisas, 

ase mniSvnelovani ar aris sxva xelovanis Semoqmedebis 

kritikuli analizisTvis. 

cnobilia, rom galaktionis saxeebis, tropebis, 

asociaciebis mniSvnelovani nawili enigmaturad bundovania. 

cnobilia agreTve, rom amas simbolistur poetur 

kulturasTan galaktionis siaxlove ganapirobebs. 

rogor unda moekidos literaturismcodneoba am 

saxeebs, ra SeiZleba vicodeT da risi imedi unda 

gvqondes? 

gamoTqmulia Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac amgvar 

saxeTa analizi saerTod SeuZlebeli da mizanSeuwonelia. 

es Tvalsazrisi eWvqveS iqna dayenebuli _ 

rogorc Cans, Tu yvela ara, am tipis zogierTi xati 

mainc eqvemdebareba logikur ganxilvas, logikis enaze 

`Targmnas~, xerxdeba maTi warmoqmnis procesisTvis 

Tvalis midevneba, maTi genezisis dadgena... 

magaliTisTvis SevexoT galaktionis enigmatur saxeTagan 

erTs. gavixsenoT leqsi `qarebs qaroba~: 

`daetyo kidec qarebs qaroba, 

roca mtrobaa da edgaroba, 

sanTelo, garxevs Ramis fiqrebi, 

magram Sen mainc nu Camiqrebi, 

nu mimatoveb. 

aRar etyoba Tvalebs Tvaloba, 

roca Rrea da miuvaloba, 

ayefdebian mTvaris tyupebi, 

o, Sen mainc ar daiRupebi, 

cremls nu aToveb.~ 

223

àyefdebian mTvaris tyupebi~ marTlac gasaidumloebuli, 

erTi SexedviT, amouxsneli saxea, magram, 

vfiqrobT, misi ganmartebis cda mTlad uimedo saqme ar 

unda iyos. 

anatol fransis `TaisSi~ Cveni yuradReba miipyro 

da uneblieT galaktionis es xati gagvaxsena erTma adgilma, 

sadac avtori axasiaTebs nawarmoebis mTavar 

gmirs: `mas swamda RvTiuri gangeba, borot sulTa yovlisSemZleoba, 

jadoqroba, Selocvebi; mas swamda ieso 

qriste da sirielTa RvTaeba; mas sjeroda isic, rom 

ZaRlebi yefdnen, roca pirquSi hekate gzajvaredinebze 

gamoCndeboda xolme~. 

berZnul miTologiaSi hekate mTvaris RvTaebaa. 

`wyvdiadis da jadoqrobis es qalRmerTi daxetialobs 

saflavebs Soris da gamoixmobs mkvdrebis aCrdilebs. 

is aerTianebs or samyaros _ cocxlebisas da mkvdrebisas. 

hekate monadirea, romelsac ZaRlebis xrova axlavs, 

misi nadiroba avbediTi Rameuli nadirobaa~ 

(`msoflios xalxTa miTebi~). 

amgvarad, fransi sargeblobs berZnuli miTologiuri 

warmodgeniT. 

Cveni varaudiT, galaktionic mas unda iyenebdes. 

am varaudis moSveliebiT SegviZlia gaviazroT, ra 

kavSirSia ZaRlebis yefa mTvaresTan da ratom aRZravs 

igi daRupvis SiSs _ es mTvaris RvTaebis, mkvdrebis 

sulebis, aCrdilebis gamomxmobi Semzaravi qalRmerTis 

Rameuli svlis niSania, es misi Tanmxlebi ZaRlebis 

xrova iyefeba. 

rogorc Cans, `mTvaris tyupebi~ mTvaris zedmiwevniT 

msgavsebs, oreulebs ki ar niSnavs, aramed mTvaris, 

hekates `kuTvnili~ da misgan ganuyreli ZaRlebis 

erTsaxovan simravles gamoxatavs. 

is garemoeba, rom galaktioni mTvaris da ZaRlebis 

kavSiris saxeldebas axdens sityva `tyupebiT~, ase or- 

Wofulad da bundovnad, metad niSandoblivia _ poeti 

gangeb aidumalebs am kavSirs. 

amiT galaktioni Segnebulad faravs Tavisi metaforis 

warmomavlobasac, ase vTqvaT, Slis kvals, ayru- 

224

ebs berZnuli miTis eqos. es metafora ar Seicavs aluzias, 

romelic garkveuli kulturuli fenomenisken 

warmarTavs aRmqmelis cnobierebas. piriqiT, galaktioni 

cdilobs rac SeiZleba SeumCneveli gaxados Tavisi 

metaforis saTave. 

galaktionisTvis miTosuri warmodgena mxolod da 

mxolod masalaa, `nedleulia~, romelic mTlianad unda 

CainTqas misi warmosaxvis produqtSi. antikuri miTi 

Cawurulia galaktionis metaforaSi da TiTqmis savsebiT 

gauCinarebulia. 

amgvarad qmnis poeti xats, romelic Seucnoblobis, 

iracionalurobis STabeWdilebas badebs. 

saerTod, galaktionis simbolisturi, nislovani saxeebis 

daniSnulebaa Cagvagonon, rom raRac araamqveyniurs 

SevexeT. es iTqmis saxezec àyefdebian mTvaris 

tyupebi~. igi gamoxatavs gansacdelis molodins, magram 

ara Cveulebrivs, ara konkretuli mizeziT gamowveuls, 

aramed samyaros iracionalur sawyisTa anazdeuli 

gancdis Sedegad gaCenils. es saxe gadmogvcems 

SiSs samyaros siRrmeSi dabudebuli Seucnobeli da 

bneli Zalebis winaSe, romlebic daRupvas uqadian lirikul 

gmirs. 

magram Tuki asea, maSin unda vaRiaroT, rom saxis 

amgvari emociur-xatovani Sinaarsi isedac ganicdeba 

da gaiazreba, misi analizis, misi warmomavlobis dadgenis 

gareSec. saxe uamisodac ambobs Tavis saTqmels, 

gvagrZnobinebs imas, rac unda gvagrZnobinos. anu aRmoCnda, 

rom saxis axsnam arsebiTad ver Seavso, ver gaamdidra 

am saxis da mTlianad leqsis poeturi Sinaarsi. 

kvlevis Sedegi sakmaod mokrZalebuli gamodga. 

SevecadeT amogvexsna idumalebiT aRbeWdili xati 

da gamoirkva, rom TviTon igi swored imas mieltvis, 

idumali da gamoucnobi darCes; rom TviT misi arsebobis 

sazrisia amouxsneli, burusSi CaZiruli iyos, ra- 

Ta Cvenc saidumlos gancda dagveuflos. 

unda davaskvnaT: galaktionis xatSi namdvilad sagulisxmoa 

ara is, rasac es xati faravs, aramed sakuTriv 

SegrZneba, STabeWdileba, rom igi raRacas faravs. 

225

amgvar saxeTa amoxsnis Jini ki gaunelebelia. 

mainc ratom gvsurs idumal xatTa logikis naTel 

sferoSi gadmoyvana, imis gageba, ra aris maTSi 

nagulisxmevi? 

Cven gvaqvs imedi, _ metwilad gaucnobierebeli _ 

rom amgvar saxeTa amocnobis Sedegad movixelTebT, 

gamovamzeurebT da vixilavT azrs, `logoss~, konceptualuri, 

msoflmxedvelobrivi datvirTvis mzidvel 

fenomens. 

erT-erTi idumali metaforis ganxilvam gviCvena, 

rom poets berZnuli miTi SeukumSavs masSi, magram veraferi 

gviTxra iseTi, rac ufro mkafios da sruls 

gaxdida Cvens warmodgenas galaktion tabiZis mrwamsze, 

msoflmxedvelobaze, ver gagvimJRavna poetis raime 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqone Tvalsazrisi. arada, 

imedi gvqonda, rom raRac Zalian mravlismetyvels, 

arsebiTs mivakvlevdiT. 

rodesac literaturismcodneebi daJinebiT cdiloben 

gaarkvion, vTqvaT, rusTaveliseuli `mziani 

Ramis~ raoba, es gasagebi da bunebrivia, radgan am saxis 

azris konkretizeba, misi genezisis gamokvleva erTgvarad 

naTels fens rusTavelis msoflmxedvelobas, imas, 

rogoria poetis warmodgena RvTaebaze, romel filosofiur 

Tu religiur moZRvrebazea orientirebuli 

igi. 

galaktionis enigmaturi saxe ki msoflmxedvelobrivad 

niSandobliv azrs ar Seicavs, aseTi saxis danawevreba, 

misi warmomavlobis dadgena poetis msoflmxedvelobis 

arsTan ar gvaaxloebs. 

leqsSi ìsev efemera~ galaktioni ambobs: 

òh, siyvaruli zRvebis qafia! _ 

mieciT warsuls elva da xmali, 

rom amokveTos epitafia: 

`mis cxovrebaSi SeiWra qali~. 

siyvarulis qalRmerTi afrodite zRvis qafidan 

iSveba, ase rom, `siyvaruli zRvebis qafia~ berZnuli 

226

miTis metaforul gardaTqmas warmoadgens. magram ra 

azrobrivi, konceptualuri momentebiT amdidrebs saxes 

amis garkveva? es saxe imis mixvedras ki ar moiTxovs, 

rom masSi afroditea nagulisxmevi, aramed siyvarulis 

Seucnobel bunebas gamoxatavs, adamianis cxovrebaSi 

stiqiasaviT SeWrili siyvarulis damRupvel siZlieres 

gaacxadebs. saxis amgvari Sinaarsi yovelgvar ganmartebamde 

aRiqmeba, igi iSviaTi gznebiT aris xorcSesxmuli 

da gacocxlebuli. ganmarteba mas arsebiTad arafers 

matebs... 

da mainc galaktionis enigmatur xatTa analizi garkveuli 

azriT gamarTlebulia. Tumca maTdami analitikuri 

midgoma, rogorc Cans, poetis mizandasaxulobas 

ar Seesatyviseba, _ galaktions àr surs~, rom misi 

enigmaturi saxeebi amovxsnaT, piriqiT, cdilobs Seucnoblobis 

nislSi gaxvios isini, _ magram literaturismcodneobasac 

sakuTari kanonieri interesebi aqvs. 

bunebrivia moTxovnileba, naTelvyoT galaktionis 

SemoqmedebiTi fsiqologia, gavecnoT mis SemoqmedebiT 

laboratorias, vicodeT, ra elementTa SezavebiT aRwevs 

galaktioni Tavis poetur efeqtebs, ra masala aqvs 

xelT _ risgan da ranairad qmnis igi Tavis poetur 

samyaros. 

oRond ar Rirs imis daviwyeba, rom es mainc masala 

da teqnologiaa, anu raRac damxmare, TavisTavad arafaseuli, 

araarsebiTi. mTavaria is axali, TviTmyofadi 

da organuli mTlianoba, romelic amis meSveobiT, mravali 

alqimiuri procesis gamovliT ibadeba, mTavaria, 

rogoria misi mxatvruli buneba da daniSnuleba. 

galaktionis enigmatur saxeTa analizisas aucilebelia 

gaviTvaliswinoT am analizis SefardebiTi Rirebuleba 

da mniSvneloba. ar unda movelodeT, rom enigmaturi 

saxeebis amocnoba Cvens winaSe gadaSlis raime 

iseTs, ris gareSec galaktion tabiZis poeziasTan Tanaziaroba, 

misi wvdoma SeuZlebelia. 

1984 

227

sulieri wyurvili 

imgvari sulieri wyobis poeti, rogoric galaktion 

tabiZea, SeiZleboda warmoSobiliyo mxolod qristianuli 

safuZvlis mqone kulturaSi, iseve rogorc simbolizmi, 

romelTanac galaktionis poeziaa dakavSirebuli, 

SeiZleboda bunebrivad SeeeTvisebina mxolod 

qristianul tradiciaze damyarebul kulturas. 

galaktionis poeturi individualobis Rrma Tvisebaa 

gaunelebeli sulieri wyurvili, srul da srulyofil 

WeSmaritebasTan, sikeTesTan, mSvenierebasTan ziarebis 

gardauvali moTxovnileba, romelic qristianuli 

kulturis mier aris formirebuli. galaktioni absolutis, 

absoluturi faseulobebis, maTi samoTxiseburi 

sisavsis maZiebeli poetia. misi Semoqmedeba SeiZleba 

aRviqvaT rogorc absolutis maZieblis lirikuli 

avtobiografia, romelSic ùCvev naTelTan~ misaaxloeblad 

zeaRsvla da miwaze danarcxeba Tu jojoxeT- 

Si vardna gamudmebiT enacvleba erTmaneTs. 

Znelia daasaxelo meoce saukunis poeti, romelic 

galaktionze mwvaved grZnobdes qristianobisgan gaucxoebis 

tragizms, RmerTisgan gaucxoebuli samyaros 

saSinelebas. qarTul poeziaSi am mxriv galaktionTan 

yvelaze axlos niko samadaSvilia. 

galaktionis iseT gamorCeul leqsebSi, rogorebicaa 

`silaJvarde, anu vardi silaSi~, `Semodgoma ùmanko 

Casaxebis~ mamaTa savaneSi~, `lurja cxenebi~, tradiciul 

religiurobas daSorebuli, tradiciul religiur 

nugeSs moklebuli adamianis godeba gaismis... 

leqsSi `Tu brZola ar aris~ epoqis krizisulobis mizezad 

qristianobisgan mowyveta, religiuri cnobierebis 

rRveva da sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebis diqtati, 

teqnikur-urbanistuli civilizaciis moZaleba ikveTeba: 

`mraval saxeze aris obloba, mravals aSfoTebs ra- 

Rac monoba: rogor SeviZloT uRvTismSobloba, viT 

avitanoT umadonoba? gahqra zmaneba, gahqra feria, nu- 

Tu bodleric araferia? Selic hiugos daemgvaneba? 

miusse, verlen? RmerTi? kaeni? aha, qalaqTa gviani ne- 

228

iT burusebSi sCans ainStaini~. galaktionis TvalTaxedviT, 

uRmerToba amkvidrebs ara Tavisuflebas (rogorc 

bevri fiqrobda), aramed `monobas~ da sulier si- 

Ratakes; religiis daSreta empirikiT SeuboWavi mxatvruli 

warmosaxvis, Rrma da maRali mxatvruli azrovnebis 

masazrdoebeli niadagis gamofitvis tolfasia. 

TviT galaktioni inarCunebs cocxal, nayofier kav- 

Sirs am niadagTan. misi mxatvruli msoflaRqma mravali 

xiluli Tu uxilavi ZafiT aris Seqsovili religiur, 

qristianul kulturasTan. galaktioni Tavisi iSviaTi 

poeturi intuiciis wyalobiT wvdeba da sityvaSi moixelTebs 

qristianobis unikalur sulier atmosferos. 

`xomalds mihyveba TeTri madona da yvavilebi giiadona~ 

_ rogori siwminde, alersi, silbo, keTili xareba 

iRvreba uCveulo sityvidan `giiadona~... qristianobis 

sulis zedmiwevniTi poeturi sizustiT ametyveleba 

Semdgom ana kalandaZis lirikis niSandobliv Taviseburebad 

mogvevlina. 

galaktionis poeziaSi igrZnoba mtkivneuli nostalgia 

qristianobis sulieri dominirebis xanisadmi, 

iseve rogorc adamianis warmosaxvis transcendenturisken 

mimmarTavi qristianuli xatovanebisadmi, romelsac 

poeti sityvis magiuri xelovnebiT axlad qmnis. 

`gadia, laJvard sirmareuli gumbaTebis qveS xatebs evlebi, 

mTvareuli da sizmareuli geCvenebian sasufevlebi. 

kvlav gumbaTidan unazes lilas gangialeben sneul 

ferebiT _ Sav marmarilos, TeTr marmarilos da 

marmarilos vardis CqerebiT. gwyuria, odes sanTlebi 

elavs, waiRo suliT aurzauri, bagiT Seexo madonas 

xelebs da igrZno sunTqva araqauri~ (`Cveni dRis ambebs 

Zalian mwyrali...~). 

galaktioni bolomde absolutis maZieblad, sulieri 

wyurviliT Sepyrobilad darCa. SesaZloa, es yvelaze 

gamWvirvaled Candes gviandel leqsSi `varskvlavia~, 

romelSic transcendenturis uecari, gamaognebeli 

gamonaTeba ukanaskneli locvis Tu aRsarebis utyuarobiT 

da sisadaviT aris aRbeWdili. samyaroSi gamefebuli 

amaoebis, wyvdiadis miuxedavad mainc SeigrZ- 

229

noba idumali, nugeSis momfeni Suqis arseboba, Tumca 

ufro swori iqneba Tu vityviT, rom Cvens epoqaSi 

amgvari Suqis aRmosaCenad swored iseTi gamouvali 

amaoebis da ukiduresi sasowarkveTilebis gancdaa 

aucilebeli, rogoric galaktionis poeziaSi xSirad 

aris gamJRavnebuli. `neta rogor xdeba aseT sibneleSi, 

aseT sibneleSi Sen cas rom anaTeb da Sen vervin gxedavs 

da Sen ver ugrZnixarT. o, ra mizezia, neta gacodina, 

aseT dabrmavebis, gasaocaria, gasaocaria, Zlier, metismetad! 

cremlic ar arsebobs, yvela, yvelaferi 

midis udabnoSi...~. 

230 

2004

musikalurobis safuZveli 

winamorbedi qarTveli poetebis Semoqmedebisgan 

galaktionis lirika erTi niSniTac gansxvavdeba _ mas- 

Si ganxorcielebulia poeturi `me~-s sruli intimizacia. 

galaktionis poeziaSi gansaxierebuli adamianis 

mTeli arseboba intimuri saidumloa da amdenad misi 

gamoxatva gandobaa. magram is gvimxels Tavis saidumlos 

ise, rom raRacas yovelTvis gaumxelels itovebs. 

rac mTavaria, igi TviTonac ar flobs sakuTar saidumlos 

mTlianad, nawil-nawil wvdeba, moixelTebs mas _ 

igi idumali, gamoucnobi da moulodnelia Tavisi TavisTvisac. 

galaktionis lirikuli gmirisTvis mudam 

dafarulia, ra SeemTxveva Sinaganad, ra moxdeba masSi. 

misi arseba Riaa yofierebis ganuWvreteli SesaZleblobebis 

winaSe, elastiuria. ilia WavWavaZis, akaki 

wereTlis an vaJa-fSavelas lirikuli gmiri gacilebiT 

gamWvirvale da mdgradia, myaria. am mxriv galaktioni 

axlos baraTaSvilTan aris, oRond sulismieri moulodnelobebi 

galaktionis lirikaSi ufro mkveTrad 

da uxvad iCens Tavs. 

magram baraTaSvilisganac galaktions arsebiTad 

ganasxvavebs is, rom man qarTul poeziaSi srulfasovan 

lirikul Temad daamkvidra sulis yovelwamiereba. 

baraTaSvili leqsSi aRbeWdavs mxolod sruliad gansakuTrebul, 

ase vTqvaT, Semajamebel sulier mdgomareobebs 

da SeiZleba esec aris imis mizezi, rom misi memkvidreoba 

ar aris vrceli. galaktionisTvis swrafwarmavali 

sulieri moZraobac gansakuTrebuli da aRbeWdvis 

Rirsia. galaktionis poezia sulis SeuCerebeli 

arsebobis gadmoSlaa, suli aq gamudmebiT icvleba, yovelTvis 

sxvadasxvanairia. Sinagani cxovrebis ganuwyveteli 

cvalebadobis aRbeWdva galaktionis Semoqmedebis 

emociur tonTa da ganwyobilebaTa diapazons ganuzomlad 

afarToebs. 

galaktionma gamoxatvis sagnad aqcia sulis spontanuri 

sicocxle, romelic cnobier gancdebTan da garesinamdvilidan 

atacebul STabeWdilebebTan erTad xSi- 

231

ad moicavs qvecnobierebidan SemoWril impulsebs _ 

bundovan SegrZnebebs, mogonebebs da mixvedrebs, winaTgrZnobebs, 

sizmris fragmentebs ... galaktionis 

ciebcxelebiani fantasmagoriebic Rrma fsiqologiuri 

simarTlis gamoxatulebaa, ramdenadac spontanuria, 

qvecnobierebis uZirobidan cnobierebis zedapirze 

ucabedad da gaugebrad aRmocenebuli, iqidan wamierad 

sinaTleSi moxvedrili. iqmneba sulierebis nakadi, mdinareba, 

romelic Tavis talRovan moZraobaSi danTqavs 

da Seadnobs garegnulad erTmaneTTan daukavSirebel 

fenomenebsac. adamianis suli galaktionis poeziaSi 

srulad avlens imas, rom igi Tavisi arsiT, bunebiT musikaluria 

_ moZravi, denadi mTlianobaa, erTiani nakadia. 

sulis da musikis Sinagani naTesaoba, msgavseba, romelic 

dadasturebulia esTetikur mecnierebaSi, swored 

maT dinamiur da denad, nakadisebur bunebaSi 

mJRavndeba (n. hartmani). 

roca galaktionis poeziis musikalurobaze vlaparakobT 

xolme, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs misi melodikis, 

ritmul-intonaciuri wyobis momnusxveloba, galaktionis 

saxeobrivi azrovnebis sugestiuri nislovaneba. 

es, rasakvirvelia, sworia, magram mTavari is aris, 

rom musikaluria TviT poetis msoflgancdis, msoflaRqmis 

siRrmiseuli safuZveli. 

galaktionisTvis adamianis suli da mTlianad samyaro 

TavisTavad aris musika _ dineba, nakadi, qrola. 

òh, sicocxlec uecari qaria~ _ ambobs is erT leqsSi. 

sxvagan naTqvami aqvs: ìrgvliv nakadebia, msubuqi da 

faruli~. suls da samyaros galaktioni ganicdis rogorc 

Wavlebis pulsirebas da maT Sexvedras, gadakve- 

Tas, erTmaneTSi SeRwevas. galaktionis msoflgancdis 

es arsebiTi Tavisebureba xelSesaxebad aSkaravdeba 

qaris xatebSi da aramarto maTSi. 

`TovlqveS ki, rogorc qsovili badis, mraval miuval 

gzebiT faruli, aTiaTasi nakadi gaCnda, mCqefi, 

ankara da moxaruli. miwis qveS gzebi vidodnen wynarad 

da iq sxvadasxva adgilas rguli, erTi meores eZebda 

marad asiaTasi mdinaris guli~. 

232

dinebebi, romlebic samyaroSi moZraobs, mravalnairia 

_ xiluli, uxilavi, susti da nazi, an mZafri, boboqari 

... galaktionis poeziaSi nakadebad iSleba da ganifineba 

sxvadasxva stiqia da fenomeni _ haeri, cecxli, 

wyali, Tovli, sinaTle, feri, sibnele, xma, surneleba ... 

Tvali mivadevnoT, magaliTad, rogor efineba da 

moicavs realobas Rameuli Suqis da ferebis nakadi: 

ìs tyea mTvariT qsovili, viT loengrines sizmari, 

laJvardiT gadaTovlili da vercxliT naTilismari~. 

anda vnaxoT, rogor eufleba samyaros sibnelis 

stiqia: 

`mTvareSi Savi Srialebs Cala, Savi leCaqi daeca 

Sarebs~. 

mzis cxovelmyofeli energiis nakadTa frqveva ase 

gamoixateba: 

ò, mziT gadanacxaro cxra muxa da cxra wyaro~. 

iseve rogorc es neologizmi _ `gadanacxari~, 

galaktionis sityvaTSemoqmedebis sxva nimuSebic xSirad 

swored nakadebis, Wavlebis da maTi vibraciis Tu 

ganfenis zedmiwevniT zusti bgeradi niSnebia: broleba, 

SemoTeTreba, aloceba, monaiavebi, zianeba, gadasosneba... 

sulier nakadad msWvalavs arsebobas idumaleba, 

Seucnobloba: 

`modis, feTqs da izrdeba suli misi mxrCobeli, 

foTlebs ametistebiT faravs Seucnobeli~. 

galaktionis poeturi natura samyaros nakadebis da 

dinebebis zemgrZnobiare gamtaria. amave dros poeti 

samyarosac aseTive zemgrZnobiare gamtarad aqcevs Tavisi 

emociebis, ganwyobilebebis da vnebebisTvis; poetis 

suliereba talRebad moedeba da faravs samyaros, 

deniviT dauvlis mas da iqmneba, vTqvaT, aseTi saxe: 

`mesmis bilikTa sixaruliT gadanazafri uvertiura~. 

poets da samyaros Soris kontaqtis mTavari saSualebaa 

fluidebis uCinari gacvla, mimoqceva, romlis 

arxic poetis ufaqizesi nervebia (SeiZleba saubari 

`nervulobaze~ rogorc esTetikur Tvisebaze, romelic 

qarTul poezias galaktionma Semata). 

233

galaktionis poeziaSi samyaros da adamianis yofierebis 

fuZiseuli fenomenebi, _ RvTaebrivi da demonuri, 

sikeTe da boroteba, sikvdili da sicocxle, Tavisufleba 

da monoba, aRfrTovaneba da tanjva, imedi 

da sasowarkveTa _ maTi arsi da mimarTebebi naklebad 

gaixsneba meditaciur-inteleqtualuri lirikis eniT; 

es fenomenebic upiratesad gamoixateba rogorc samyaroSi 

da adamianis sulSi moZravi sxvadasxvagvari atmosferuli 

nakadebi. galaktionis lirika filosofiuria 

ise, rogorc musika SeiZleba iyos filosofiuri. 

igi samyaros, cnobierebis da qvecnobierebis siRrmiseuli 

moZraobebis da dinebebis poetur-musikaluri 

gaazrebaa. 

234 

1992

giorgi leoniZe 

sicocxlis poezia 

giorgi leoniZis poeziaSi gansakuTrebuli ZaliT 

aris gamovlenili qarTuli erovnuli msoflaRqmis da 

mxatvruli azrovnebis erT-erTi aspeqti — miwieri 

samyaros mSvenierebis mZafrad mosiyvarule gancda, 

xorcielebis kulti, grZnobadi tkbobis stiqia, 

hedonizmi... 

samyaro giorgi leoniZisTvis Tavisi arsiT erTiani, 

didi sikeTea, romelsac uyoymanod unda miendo — amas 

utyuarad mowmobs nivTieri sinamdvilis mravalsaxovani, 

gamoulevi da TvalismomWreli silamaze. am silamazis 

xotbaa giorgi leoniZis poezia. es aris aRfrTovanebuli 

madlierebis gamoxatva imis gamo, rom aseTi 

mSveniereba arsebobs da poets misi xilvis bedniereba 

ergo. giorgi leoniZe daucxromelia silamazis sensualuri 

sisavsiT aRqmaSi da gansaxierebaSi, grZnobadi silamaziT 

Tavdaviwyebul tkbobaSi. poeti TiTqos Si- 

Sobs, misi romelime nakvTi mxedvelobidan ar gamorCes. 

samyaros poeturi xotba, apologia saxeTa siuxves 

da hiperbolizms iTxovs. giorgi leoniZis leqsi warmodgeba 

ara rogorc poeturi azris ganviTareba, aramed 

rogorc Warbad xorcieli, feradovani da SuqiTmosili 

saxeebis dabadeba da zrda, gamravleba. `brwyinavs 

qarTli, vardis baRi, Sefrqveuli minanqariT, 

iagundis wvima daswvims, surnelebis dahqris qari... 

brwyinavs baRi, elavs baRi, firuzqari darxeuli, yurZnis 

msxvili iagundi, vazi, varskvlav-Caxveuli~. 

giorgi leoniZis poeturi warmosaxva myarad efuZneba 

empiriul realobas. amave dros igi am realobas 

uCveulod adidebs da aZlierebs, uCveulod amkveTrebs 

mis vizualobas da xmovanebas. aseve Cveulebriv adamianur 

emociebze bevrad ufro masStaburia poetis 

vnebebi. giorgi leoniZis poeturi samyaro Zalian amqveyniuria, 

miwieria, materiiT datvirTuli Tu sulac 

gadatvirTuli, magram amasTanave is amaRlebuli da 

235

idealizebulia. misi raoba SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc 

`materialisturi romantizmi~ an `warmarTuli 

romantizmi~. 

marTlac `warmarTulia~, ZvelisZvelia, Tanamedrove 

civilizaciis mkvidrisTvis ucnauria miwis, miwierebis, 

samyaros materialurobis iseTi aRtacebuli, gamaRmerTebeli 

aRqma, rogoric giorgi leoniZis poeziaSia 

gamoxatuli. 

giorgi leoniZisTvis mimzidveli da mSvenieria yovelive, 

rac sisxl-xorciT savse da sicocxlisunariania, 

uxvi sasicocxlo energiiT aRWurvilia. ùlamazesi 

mxolod is aris, vinc avsebula Tavis dros ZaliT _ 

adidebuli, damwifebuli yana, mdinare, venaxi, qali... 

da rac ki sunTqavs dRes qveyanaze, rac sicocxleTi 

ari cxoveli: miwa, foToli, Rrublis nagleji _ Seni 

sityvebis Rimils moelis~. 

sijansaRe, Zliereba, energiuloba sicocxlis is 

Tvisebebia, romelTac giorgi leoniZis TvalSi upiratesi 

esTetikuri Rirebuleba aqvT. amas ukavSirdeba 

yivCaRis saxe, barbarosobis poetizacia mis SemoqmedebaSi. 

Warbi sasicocxlo Zalis gamovlinebebi esTetikurad 

momxibvlelia maSinac, roca es Zala agresiulia, 

damangrevelia. `tramal da tramal gamogedevne, Semovamtvere 

gzebi triali, mcxeTas vumtvrie saketurebi, 

vlewe taZrebi kelaptriani!~. es TiTqos nicSes sicocxlis 

filosofiaSi gamokveTili zekacis ideis poeturi 

ekvivalentia. 

sicocxlisgan ganuyofelia brZola da Zlieri sicocxlisadmi 

giorgi leoniZis siyvaruli brZolis siyvarulsac 

moicavs. amiT aris ganpirobebuli mis poeziaSi 

urTierTSexlis, Zlevis, dauflebis (an, Sesabamisad, 

damarcxebis, damxobis, ganadgurebis) niSniT aRbeWdil 

xatTa sixSire, saxeobriobis mxedruli ieri. 

giorgi leoniZes gamorCeulad uyvars is, rac samyaroSi 

axalia, axladSobili Tu axladaRmocenebulia, 

radgan masSi sicocxle yvelaze metad Rvivis. amis gamoa, 

rom samyaros axalgazrdulad xarbi pirvelaRqma, 

romelic am samyaros aaxlebs da sasicocxlo Zalas 

236

matebs, mas poeziis aucilebel niSnad esaxeba _ `siWabuke 

da leqsi erTia~. siyvarulic _ siWabukis Tanamgzavri 

_ mis SemoqmedebaSi jansaRi vitaluri energiis 

mozRvavebaa, romelic ucnaurad aris Serwymuli silbosTan 

da sifaqizesTan _ `nazi grigalia~. siyvaruli 

TiTqos yovlisSemZled aqcevs adamians da igi eufleba 

samyaros, sicocxlis elvare silamazis mTel 

simdidres. 

giorgi leoniZis poeturi ena, stili sicocxlis 

sisavsis Tu dramatulobis mZlavri xorcSesxmaa. `gelandeba 

najaxebi da grigali damjaxebi mwared agaTr- 

Tolebs. cas janRebis ajanyebiT, setyvas, mbrwyinav 

Tovlebs, damdnar ZvlebiT egebebi, martoxeo, ole!~. 

poeti is aris, visac ena Tavis saidumlos gaandobs 

da amiT samyaros namdvili saxis danaxvis SesaZleblobas 

aniWebs. enis Sidaxedis, sityvebis Cveulebriv Seum- 

Cneveli urTierTkavSiris ganWvretas SeuZlia samyaros 

Sinagani wyobis ganWvreta gauadvilos poets, rogorc 

giorgi leoniZisTvis gansakuTrebulad axlobel 

rusTavels da vaJa-fSavelas. es TviT giorgi leoniZezec 

SeiZleba iTqvas. mkveTr nacionalur Seferilobasac 

giorgi leoniZis poezias upirvelesad enis sicocxlis 

SuagulSi SeRweva aZlevs. 

1999 

237

tician tabiZe 

tragikuli eqstazi 

tician tabiZis poeturi msoflSegrZnebis yvelaze 

TvalSisacemi Tviseba sicocxlis vnebiani siyvarulia, 

magram mis poeziaSi aranakleb mZlavria sapirispiro 

emociuri sawyisic _ sikvdilis gancda. 

gansxvavebiT giorgi leoniZisgan, romelic misTvis 

Zvirfasi miwieri silamazis galaRebuli mflobelia, 

tician tabiZes es mSvenieri, sinaTliT da siTboTi savse 

qveyana xelidan ecleba. igi TiTqos cdilobs mzeraSi 

daiyovnos misgan Seukaveblad, aCqarebiT ganziduli 

qveynierebis xati. 

kritikaSi sakmaodaa Tqmuli imis Sesaxeb, rom 

tician tabiZe xSirad amJRavnebs moaxloebuli sikvdilis, 

daRupvis winaTgrZnobas. da sikvdili miT ufro 

usaxuria misTvis, rac ufro uyvars sicocxle, sicocxlismoyvareobis 

simZafre mas sikvdilis gancdasac 

aseve umZafrebs, umwarebs. magram yvelaze niSandoblivi 

is aris, rom am simwareSi Taviseburi sitkbo urevia, 

sakuTari sastiki bedisweris ganWvretas Sxamiani sixaruli 

axlavs. `ra saWiroa satrfos cremlebi, arc qars 

vawuxeb saflavis TxrisTvis, moisveneben isedac Zvlebi, 

Tu krematori aRirses Tbiliss~. es tragikuli eqstazi 

enaTesaveba `meranSi~ gamoxatul msoflSegrZnebas, 

rasac citirebuli striqonebi pirdapir gvimxels. 

gardauvali daRupvis tkbobanarevi gancda tician 

tabiZis poeturi bunebis organuli gamovlinebaa garkveul 

politikur situaciaSi. 

tician tabiZis SemoqmedebiT naturaSi mkafiod 

aris gamomJRavnebuli sawyisi, romelsac nicSes esTetikuri 

klasifikaciis mixedviT `dionisuri~ ewodeba 

_ midrekileba `gaxelebisken~, individualur-gancalkevebuli 

arsebobis garsis garRvevis da samyaros pirvelstiqiebSi 

Cakargvisken, eqstatiuri Tavgametebis- 

238

ken. igi sadinars aZlevs gausaZlisad Zlieri, mtkivneuli 

Tu sasixarulo emociebis mozRvavebas. 

gansakuTrebuli simkveTriT da sisavsiT es vlindeba 

leqsSi `me yaCaRebma momkles aragvze~. miTiuri 

ieris mqone, pirvelyofilad mrisxane bunebis, misi stiqiuri 

Zalebis pirispir aRmoCenil tician tabiZis lirikul 

gmirs dionisuri siSmage, samyaros dionisurad 

mSfoTvare da mborgav, qaotur fuZeSi danTqmis, masSi 

Tavisi individualobis gaTqvefis eqstazi ipyrobs. `wameqca 

Tavze ca garRveuli da caze kidev _ sxva myinvaris 

ca, da darialiT gadareuli Tvalebs cremlebis 

Tergi mirecxavs. da gadavayureb almas ufskrulebs, 

kvaldakval Cemi demoni momdevs, vxedav gigantis Soltis 

muskulebs da rkinis bawars, yelze rom momdebs. 

vici, momelis mainc es bedi da isic vici, Cemze axia, 

Zvirfaso, ar var, icode, ybedi, an Tavis mokvla ra 

trabaxia. magram mitacebs qariSxaliviT am Tvaluwvdeni 

xramebis fskeri...~. 

kidev ufro mniSvnelovani da damaxasiaTebelia is, 

rom Tavisi sulis dionisur impulsebs poeti zneobriv 

sazriss uZebnis. 

rogorc davinaxeT, tician tabiZis lirikuli gmiris 

dionisur gaxelebas bunebis mZvinvareba iwvevs. 

sxva leqsebSi poeti peizaJs warmosaxavs rogorc bunebis 

warmonaqmnTa gaafTrebul, samkvdro-sasicocxlo 

Sexlas. aseTi, bataluri suraTis msgavsi peizaJi 

tician tabiZisTvis adamianis Rirseuli qcevis etalons 

asaxierebs. 

amgvari poeturi TvalTaxedva, emociuri impulsebi 

da eTikuri mizanswrafva mZlavrad aris xorcSesxmuli 

leqsSi `mewyeri mewyers~: `gaelavs, dahkravs mexi mexs 

mwvervals, mTa titvelia, ar aqvs safari, TviTon mexia 

da TviTon elavs, rogorc Samilis TeTri fafari... var 

gaTelili lekis nabadi, yvela saxsari maqvs dalewili, 

magram vaJkacma mxolod gabede da mec vaJkacis damide 

wili. ra saWiroa melnad giSris tba da kalmad kidev 

mina rxeuli, Tu am sibraziT guli gagiTba, Tu am 

Jruantels igrZnobs sxeuli. mewyeri mewyers, lanqeri 

239

lanqers, klde kldes awydeba, zvavs Rupavs zvavi, ca 

mowyalebiT Tavze damcqeris, ar memeteba movikla 

Tavi~. 

ltolvas TviTganadgurebisken zneobriv sazriss 

aniWebs da amiT gardasaxavs is, rom dionisuri eqstazi 

tragikuli msxverplgaRebis xasiaTs iZens, radgan ukve 

Tavisuflebis ideals amkvidrebs. 

240 

1983

valerian gafrindaSvili 

sanatreli da realuri 

faqizi poezia da poeziis Sesaxeb naazrevi, poeturi 

Targmanebi _ valerian gafrindaSvilis SemoqmedebiTi 

memkvidreoba pirvelad warmogvidga mTlianad mis erTtomeulSi 

(merani, 1990; dasafasebelia Sroma, romelic 

wignis Sesadgenad marine Wyoniam gawia; winasityvaobis 

avtoria guram benaSvili). 

simbolistebma qarTul poeziaSi uwinares yovlisa 

lirikuli subieqtis statusi Secvales, aamaRles _ 

lirikuli subieqti maT obieqturi samyaros tolfardi 

gaxades da mas TviTkmaroba mianiWes. igi TavisTavidan, 

Tavisi Sinagani usasrulobidan badebs da amozidavs 

ucnob avtonomiur sinamdviles, Wvrets mis ucxo, 

egzotikur landSaftebs. 

valerian gafrindaSvilis poeziaSi aseTi SemoqmedebiTi 

wamowyeba gansakuTrebuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, 

meToduri TanmimdevrulobiT da daJinebiT aris ganxorcielebuli. 

amitom aq sxva cisferyanwelebis lirikasTan 

SedarebiT metia miRmurTan Sexebis cdebi _ lirikuli 

gmiris TavisTavadoba, TviTkmaroba miT ufro 

sagrZnobia, rac ufro eTiSeba is garemomcvel empiriul 

sinamdviles. valerian gafrindaSvilis mraval 

leqsSia warmosaxuli realobisgan gamijnuli sulis 

ìnterieri~, masSi dadgmuli feeriuli warmodgenebi, 

romelTa personaJebi poetTan da mis oreulTan erTad 

miTologiuri da literaturuli gmirebis aCrdilebi 

arian. 

unda iTqvas, rom xSirad es landuri warmodgenebi 

racionalurad konstruirebuls ufro gavs, vidre 

iracionaluris spontanur gamocxadebas. am rkalis 

leqsebSi, maRali ostatobiT da formis, enobrivi stilis 

elvarebiT rom aris Semkuli, gamoirCeva zogier- 

Ti, sadac poetis xma misi sulieri samyaros wrfeli 

241

pirvelsaTaveebidan moismis. aseTia, magaliTad, `me _ 

sarkeSi~, ìavnana samgloviaro~, `Semodgoma~, òfeliaevridika~, 

ìnterieri _ meore~, `sentimentaluri trioleti~... 

Tumca valerian gafrindaSvilis lirikuli 

gmiri gatacebiT iltvis landebis samflobelosken, 

drodadro mas Rrma da namdvili, àraTeatraluri~ Si- 

Si ipyrobs iracionaluris winaSe, romelic samyarodan 

Tu sakuTari arsebis Signidan eZaleba. krToma, Tavisi 

sisustis da simyifis gancda uzarmazar da saidumloebiT 

savse samyaroSi niSandoblivia valerian gafrinda- 

SvilisTvis. igi gamotanjuli siwrfeliT mJRavndeba. 

`Sen, sulo Cemo, sevdiT daRaldi, da genatreba 

Ramis maRaro. Tu gsurs gafiTrdi, rogorc qaRaldi, 

mxolod oreuls ar Semayaro~. 

sxva SemTxvevebSi, roca saxeobriobis garkveuli 

xelovnuroba SeiniSneba, sakuTriv poeturi gancda, 

emocia SeuTxzvelia. es emocia xSirad aris kulturiT 

da sulieri kdemamosilebiT ganelebuli siyvarulis 

natvra, Cumi, mTrTolvare molodini. valerian gafrindaSvilis 

faqiz poetur mzeras sanatreli qalis xatSi 

xiblavs araordinaruli nakvTi, raRac iseTi, rac banaluri 

gagebiT ar aris mimzidveli (`mizeziani trfoba~). 

am TvalsazrisiT damaxasiaTebelia `fantastiuri surdo~, 

sadac iumori, prozauli Strixebi da simbolisturi 

eTeruloba mTliandeba. galanturi TamaSis elementi, 

kurtuazuli sinatife, romelic valerian gafrindaSvilis 

sasiyvarulo lirikas axlavs, srulyofil 

gansaxierebas povebs leqsSi `TeTri sacolo~. 

valerian gafrindaSvilis poeturi naturis sifaqizes 

mowmobs misi SemoqmedebiTi midrekileba, aRmoaCinos 

mSvenieri Tu arsebiTi raRac mcireSi, Znelad gamosarCevSi, 

araTvalismomWrelSi. es midrekileba mniSvnelovanwilad 

gansazRvravs valerian gafrindaSvilis 

poeziis individualur iers da gamZleobasac, ramdenadac 

uaxlesi poeturi azrovnebis ganviTarebis gezs 

Tanxvdeba. igi aRmoacenebs, pirobiTad rom vuwodoT, 

mcire sidideTa esTetikas. 

242

`zRvas aRar unda Tavis sisrule, TiTqo wurbeli 

gulze moeba; uRono trfobiT is daisrula _ surs 

beWdis TvalSi ganmartoeba; rom qinZisTavis igrZnos 

sinaze da gahyves smeniT mcire nakaduls, rom saqanelas 

msubuq sinaze Camoekidos, rogorc kakadu~. 

`wumwumebis simReraSi~ damwvari da quCaSi gadayrili 

asanTis Rerebi Tavis SeumCnevlobas dastirian, Civian, 

rom maT mimarT yvela gulgrili da uyuradReboa; 

mxolod poeti iCens maTdami sisaTuTes, aametyvelebs 

da mniSvnelobas aniWebs am patara da ukve gamousadegar 

CiraRdnebs, bolos ki sanatrel xvedrs argunebs 

_ sinaTlis samSobloSi, varskvlaveTSi gaxiznavs; daisebis 

asoTamwyobi _ mokrZalebuli da uCinari xelobis 

kaci, sxvisi Semoqmedebis Cumi msaxuri, poetis nebiT 

amaRlebuli grZnobebis da xatebis samyaros eziareba, 

misi patara figura moulodnelad izrdeba; mzesumziras 

gamyidveli, aseve `patara adamiani~, `fexebmorTxmuli 

mona cxovrebis~, sulierad empiriuli sinamdvilis 

miRma aziduli sferos binadaria. 

ìs dauzogav zamTar-zafxulebs welSi sakmaod gauzneqia, 

iTvlis naSovar spilenZis fulebs quCis meloti 

nacarqeqia. mzesumziraTi avsebul WiqiT igi adidebs 

zeciur alaxs, uTuod xedavs Rrublebis iqiT baRebs, 

guriebs, samoTxis balaxs~. 

arsebiTad igive tendencia vlindeba, roca uRimRamos, 

yofiT-banalurs iumoris Tu TviTironiis obertonebis 

daxmarebiT moulodnelad Seejvareba ocnebismieri 

sawyisi. ase erwymis erTmaneTs, vTqvaT, gripiT 

avadmyofis arasaxarbielo yofa da ocneba diadze da 

momxiblavze. `zRva CemTvis marTavs did dResaswauls, 

ra vqna, rom seniT var Sepyrobili! blomad dafantavs 

Tavis samkauls nibelungebis ganZTa mflobeli. mudam 

gonia daxuWul Tvalebs, rom sul axloa zRva Soreuli, 

yinulis buSti Tavze kankalebs, rogorc meduza 

qafmoreuli~. 

valerian gafrindaSvili xSirad qmnis leqss raime 

SemTxvevis, TavisTavad umniSvnelo, mcire faqtis, ubralo, 

SeumCneveli sagnis Tu movlenis `gagrZelebiT~, 

243

proecirebiT fantaziis areSi; maTze rogorc `bazisze~ 

ocnebis da Tavisuflad gaSlili xilvebis damyarebiT. 

aseTi TviTmyofadi poeturi principia xorcSesxmuli 

leqsebSi ùcnobi quCa~, `wyneTis gzaze~, `gazafxuli 

TebervalSi~, èleqtroSuqis Caqrobidan lamfis anTebamde~, 

`noxi napoleoniT~, àskili~, `xidi~... sinamdvilis 

ocnebiT gardasaxva da gaSuqeba, poetis rwmeniT, 

aucilebelia, `rom sixaruli da gulisZgera yofnis 

qarbuqSi ar gaiyinos~. 

poeti araerT leqsSi gvimxels, rom misi masuldgmulebeli 

WeSmaritebis Ziebaa, samyaros saidumloebis 

amoxsnis wadilia (`me mainc vcdilob, rom sikvdilamde 

gavigo yofa gaugebari~). Tavdapirvelad WeSmariteba 

mas usazRvroebaSi, SoreulSi da ìqiTurSi~ eguleba. 

Semdeg igi usazRvroebidan mciredis da maxloblisken 

Semobrundeba (`winad mxiblavda usazRvroeba, dRes 

ocnebisTvis kmara SuamTa~) da igrZnobs, rom WeSmaritebis 

samyofeli adamianis da am maxlobeli sinamdvilis 

Tanxmobaa, ocnebiseulis da miwieris Tanazomierebaa. 

erT leqsSi qari poets Zveli ocnebis axdenas _ 

amaRlebas da samyaros grZneul idumalebaTa moxilvas 

pirdeba. am aRmafrenis dasrulebis, jadosnurTan 

gamoTxovebis sevdas ki amsubuqebs amqveyniurobasTan 

dabrunebis aucileblobis aRiareba. 

`Cven gadavaswrebT Sor TviTmfrinavebs, Zvirfas 

varskvlavebs avxvetT peSvebiT, wuTiT Rrubelze davbinavdebiT 

da Semdeg isev Zirs daveSvebiT~ (`qviSxeTis 

qari~). 

valerian gafrindaSvils rogorc poets Tavidanve 

dayva didi Sinagani simSvidis, simyudrovis mopovebis 

survili. es uSfoTveloba ecxadeba mas siTeTreSi, romelic, 

malarmes msgavsad, gansakuTrebiT izidavs _ 

igi zegrZnobadi samyaros absoluturi simSvidis aRmTqmelia. 

magram SemdgomSi sulis aumRvrevlobis da sinaTlis 

miRweva, rasac poeti Tavisken mimxmob, magram 

Seuval miRmurobasTan miaxloebiT amaod cdilobda, 

xiluli samyaros, bunebis sada, mokrZalebul silamazeTa 

WvretiT xdeba SesaZlebeli. am sada mSvenierebaSi 

244

wvdeba ocneba Tavis sagans da aaferadebs mas. Turme is, 

rac warmosaxvas Sors itacebs rogorc unaklulo 

bednierebis bundovani xati, namdvilad arsebobs, arsebobs 

aqve, bunebaSi, mis qmnilebebSi. amis aRmoCena iwvevs 

netarebis _ wynari sisavsis, samyarosadmi mowiwebis 

da madlierebis religiuri grZnobis msgavs 

gancdas. 

manamde valerian gafrindaSvilis zogierT gamor- 

Ceul nawarmoebSi buneba saSiSi an macduri saxiT warmoCndeba. 

kerZod, cnobil leqsSi `zamTari~ igi TiTqos 

oms ucxadebs qalaqs, rasac poeti originalurad gamoxatavs 

bunebis samyaroSi istoriis da kulturis sferoTa 

realiebis gadanacvlebiT: `zamTari modis Tavis 

teroriT, man daikava yvela quCebi, zamTari modis, viT 

komandori, maTxovrebiT da TuTiyuSebiT~. xolo `provincialur 

gazafxulSi~ sicocxlis ganaxlebis xalasi 

detalebiT daxatuli suraTi gasaocari kontrapunqtiT 

gadaizrdeba sikvdilis uZlevelobis xilvaSi. 

`caze hkidia mze _ molaRuri, aprili akravs mwvane 

afiSebs, viT baldaxinis TeTri msaxuri sasaflaosken 

is miabijebs. sadac moelis leSi uZravi gazafxuls, 

rogorc Tavis messias da azraili Seumusravi kidev 

moiTxovs Sav procesias~. 

amgvar poetur aRqmas enacvleba bunebis warmosaxva 

sanatrelis da realuris SenivTebad, romelTan Tanaziaroba 

sulier wylulebs amrTelebs. ase iqmneba `gaseirneba 

taSiskarSi~, `rioni~, `Tivis zvini~, `dideba 

xes~, `broweulis tye~, `botanikuri baRi~, `maisis vardi~, 

`zeciuri soneti~, `bavSvoba da nislebi~, `bunebas~ 

... poeturi sityva da saxe savsebiT organuli, TavisiT 

mzardi da moZravi xdeba, sicocxlis denas gadmoscems. 

valerian gafrindaSvilis stili manaTobel gamWvirvalobas 

moipovebs, Tumca zogjer am gamWvirvalobaSi 

raRac zmanebiseulic gamokrTis. 

`Seni talRebis didi amaliT da ZlierebiT kvlav 

gamaxare. Seni qafisa Tund natamali Semomafrqvie rogorc 

wamali, da Cemi saxe SxefiT dafare ... Sens margalitebs 

ara aqvs fasi da mainc miyvars Seni meduza, 

245

ogorc Sileris mgznebare Tasi, rogorc saunje aTi 

aTasi, viT saocari, mTrTolvare muza ...mraval idumal 

mziT moqsovili, da mewamuli, rogorc marjani, gadamafare 

talRa soveli, ukanasknelad SenTan moveli _ 

an momkali da an momarCine~. 

esTetikuri devizi `dabruneba miwasTan~, romelmac 

cisferyanwelebis poeturi evoluciis mimarTuleba 

moniSna, TviT misi avtoris, valerian gafrindaSvilis- 

Tvis moaswavebda, rom `miwasTan~ miaxloebis sazrisi 

miwier mSvenierebaSi `ciuris~ _ saocnebos ganWvretacaa. 

valerian gafrindaSvilis, iseve rogorc saerTod 

cisferyanwelebis, mTavari SemoqmedebiTi mizanswrafva 

qarTuli poeziis xelaxali evropeizacia iyo. es 

mizanswrafva poeziis garda TvalsaCinoa mis TargmanebSi 

da gansakuTrebiT eseebSi, romlebSic gamosWvivis 

poeturi xelovnebis araCveulebrivi siyvaruli da 

Tayvaniscema, poeziis bunebis Rrma gageba, SesaniSnavi 

erudicia da gemovneba. valerian gafrindaSvilis statiebSi 

evropuli lirikis fonze faqtobrivad simbolizmis 

sakmaod mwyobri Teoriaa gadmocemuli. qar- 

Tul klasikur poeziaSic valerian gafrindaSvilis- 

Tvis upiratesad saintereso da Zvirfasia is, rac evropuli 

yaidisaa, rasac simbolisturi poeziis TaviseburebaTa 

winasaxed miiCnevs. amgvar niSnebs eZebs igi 

guramiSvilis da baraTaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi. SesaZloa, 

aq yvelferi ar iyos mkacrad dasabuTebuli, magram 

mTlianobaSi es aris qarTuli literaturis miRwevaTa 

evropuli kulturis konteqstSi ganfenis stimulismomcemi 

cdebi. 

eseistikaSic valerian gafrindaSvili warmogvesaxeba 

iseTi, rogoric poeziaSia aRbeWdili _ rafinirebuli, 

sulierad mdidari da maRali pirovneba da 

Semoqmedi. 

246 

1991

SoTa CantlaZe 

`zeca da ironia~ 

meoce saukunis qarTul lirikaSi SoTa CantlaZe 

erT-erTi yvelaze ufro naRvliani, tkiviliani poetia. 

mas mudam raRac uRrRnis suls, awvalebs, ar eSveba. is 

TiTqos raRac fataluris tyvea da gaTavisufleba ar 

SeuZlia. 

yvelaferi, rac mniSvnelovani da Rirebulia Seqmnili, 

didi ukmarobis (anda didi ocnebis) nayofia. aseTi 

ukmarobaa SoTa CantlaZis poeziis safuZvelic. 

`matarebeli. mgzavrebi ikaveben adgilebs. matarebeli 

iZvris. ucnobi mgzavrebi iwyeben saubars erTmaneTSi. 

saubroben tkbilad. maT Soris TviT isinic, romlebic 

matareblis daZvramde adgilze edavebodnen 

erTmaneTs. vismen maT saubars da sxeulSi siTbo mivlis. 

vfiqrob: _ diax, SeiZleba adamianma icxovros 

adamianTan tkbilad ... rasakvirvelia, mxolod maSin, 

Tu qveyanaze iqneba aseTi ganwyoba, rogoric matarebelSia, 

romelic ukve daZrula~. 

ra ganawyobs mgzavrebs erTmaneTisadmi keTilad, ra 

aerTianebs maT? is, rom matarebeli moZraobs da aqvs 

gansazRvruli mimarTuleba, daniSnulebis adgili, mizani. 

adamianebma rom adamianurad icxovron, adamianuri 

urTierToba hqondeT, saWiroa cxadi da saerTo, sayovelTao 

mizani. 

magram es mizani ar Cans, xolo samyaros umiznoba, 

piriqiT, SoTa CantlaZisTvis mtkivneulad TvalsaCinoa, 

TvalsaCinoa sazrisis _ miznobrivi azris 

ararseboba. 

`mze cxreba ukve, ukve dneba da iRuneba, gadikargeba 

ucxo mxareSi, da uRran tyeSi xvadi mglebi daiRmuvleben, 

miznis gareSe ... da dedamiwa varskvlavebiT 

gadixureba _ zRva sizmareTi ...~. 

247

arsebobis umiznobis gancda tragikuli vnebis simaRles 

aRwevs leqsSi àq erT dros~, sadac yvelaze sa- 

Sineli amaoeba, sidiadis amaoebaa gamoxatuli. gauqmebuli, 

dacarielebuli monastris suraTi monumenturi 

da Sinaganad vrcelia, gamanadgurebeli drois farTo 

masivebis momcvelia. 

`da bolos dastoves monastris areni _ sikvdilis 

Jamma Tu dareka, qarsa da qviSaze umiznod nareni, qarma 

da qviSamve waleka ... wavida wvima da movidnen qarebi, 

wvimebi, qarebi meased, cioda mariams da dedis mklavebSi 

cioda patara iesos~. 

is, rac samyaros ganagebs, rac arsebobis Ziria, ganuzomlad 

metia, vidre misi obieqtivaciebi adamianur 

warmodgenebSi, religiur moZRvrebebSi Tu filosofiur 

koncefciebSi; ufro sworad, sul sxvaa, saerTod 

ganusazRvrelia, radgan ìs miedineba gareSe miznisa, 

gareSe azrebis~. igi faravs TavisTavs da gansakuTrebiT 

swored maSin, roca TiTqos Tavs acxadebs _ igi 

mTxzvelia, gamomgonebelia, ironiuli mistifikatoria. 

ìgi maradisi, igi mTvareuli, igi Seucnobi da moxetiale. 

igia arvisi, is cnobismoyvare adamianebs marad 

STaagonebs, uambobs Tavis Tavze tyuilebs uamravs 

da mere icinis da mere icinis da maT ar ician, rom 

Secdnen isini~. 

am ucnobi gamomgoneblis erT-erTi `Txzulebaa~ 

didi qalaqi. `Cemi magidis wigni~ qalaqis gaSlili da 

mTliani metaforaa, romlis pirobiTobac daZleulia 

poetis gancdili TvalsazrisiT _ qalaqi `viRacis~ 

mosawyeni qmnilebaa, adamianisTvis ucxo da Tavsmoxveuli, 

romelsac versad gaeqcevi. 

Tanamedrove adamianis msoflSegrZnebisgan ganuyofeli 

mowyenilobis grZnoba SoTa CantlaZem gansakuTrebuli 

wvdomiT da ZaliT aametyvela. mowyena adamianis 

adekvaturi emociuri pasuxia samyaros umiznobaze, 

usazrisobaze. mowyeniloba niSnavs, rom maradiuli 

mistifikatori veRar gvatyuebs; samyaros TiTqos feri 

misdis, mimzidvelobas kargavs, yvela misi sacduri 

uZluria survili aRgviZras, nebeloba gagviRizianos; 

248

araferi ar gvinda, anu swored da mxolod araferi 

gvinda; Cveni sicariele samyaros sicarielis zusti 

anareklia da piriqiT; mowyeniloba gveubneba, rom aq 

araferi gvesaqmeba. 

`me yvelaferi momwyinda exla, mzis mxurvaleba, 

mTavris sinaTle. niavis qrola, qarebis Sexla, yvela 

tyuili, yvela simarTle~. 

samyaro, bunebis sicocxle, weliwadis droebis wrebrunva 

SoTa CantlaZes warmoudgeba rogorc erTferovani 

da dausrulebeli speqtaklis dekoraciebis 

cvla. SeiZleba es dekoraciebi zogjer TavisTavad lamazic 

iyos, magram pirvel rigSi sagrZnobia maTi monacvleobis 

erTxel da samudamod dakanonebuli 

ritmis monotonuroba, radgan warmodgenis azri 

gaugebaria. 

`totebSi _ rogorc TeTri Citebi _ cis nafleTebi 

Canan. tyis sibneleSi dRe iWvriteba da dRe sacaa 

Cava. dRe Caesveneba da mova sicive, _ moyveba Sriali 

mZlavri ... iquxebs, iwvimebs, iquxebs, iwvimebs da wava, 

viTarca mgzavri ...~. 

SoTa CantlaZis lirikuli gmiri bevrs dadis, xetialobs 

da es umizno moZraoba sicarielis gancdis gamovlenac 

aris da sicarielis Sevsebis cdac. amiT TiTqos 

erTmaneTs gvanan is da oTar ioselianis filmis ìyo 

SaSvi mgalobelis~ gmiri. Tumca aSkaraa maTi gansxvavebac, 

Tundac is, rom SoTa CantlaZis poetur oreuls 

ufro gacnobierebuli aqvs Tavisi mdgomareobis uimedoba, 

Tavisi siucxove da martooba. erT leqsSi, sadac 

qalaqis cxovrebis komikuri panoramaa naCvenebi, es 

TviTSegneba asea gamJRavnebuli: `me am dros davdivar 

qalaqis quCebSi, davdivar daqanculi da sevdiani, me _ 

pirvelyofili da Rameuli~. 

ase dadis, ase iqanceba da itanjeba am `SeTxzuli~ 

qalaqis quCebSi, viRacis Tu raRacis ucxo nebas damor- 

Cilebuli da miyolili, tramvaic _ SoTa CantlaZis 

poemis personaJi, arsebiTad lirikuli personaJi, romelsac 

poetis laRma da àxirebulma~ fantaziam namdvili 

suliereba misca. 

249

mudmivi da moucilebeli mowyenis, gamouvalobis, 

daRlilobis gancdebi SoTa CantlaZis poeziaSi dakav- 

Sirebulia Tavisebur, skepticizmiT Seferil religiurobasTan. 

sayrdenis, nugeSis povnis moTxovnileba sulis 

gamSiSvlebeli, sasowarkveTili siwrfeliT aris 

gamxelili mis uCveulo locvebSi, vedrebebSi. is iltvis 

cisken, ukeTesi qveynisken, raTa datovos `sicariele 

Savi miwis da bneleTisa~, magram seriozuli daeWveba 

absolutis arsebobaSi ironias aCens da araiSvia- 

Tad poetis locvebi kamaTs an sayvedurs ufro gavs, 

metnaklebi ironiiT gazavebuls. mowiweba da ironiuli 

SeTamaSeba ucnaurad erwymis erTamneTs. Zneli gasar- 

Cevia, `sad mTavrdeba ironia da sad iwyeba zeca~ (haine). 

daaxloebiT aseve gamoixateba SoTa CantlaZis poeziaSi 

siyvarulic. bevr sasiyvarulo leqsSi gamosWvivis 

grZnobis amaRlebuloba da siRrme, magram ufro ni- 

Sandoblivi maT Soris is leqsebia, romlebSic grZnobis 

sifaqize siyvarulis faseulobaSi daeWvebulis 

mware RimilTan, naRvlian ironiasTan aris Sexamebuli. 

`maxsovs sifiTre da CurCuli Tqveni bagisa, meubnebodnen: 

_ CamogyvebiT samareSico, sad siyvaruli 

SeiZleba uspetakesad _ samaradisod ... yvelam damtova, 

davSTenilvar Tqveni amara, da axla vxedav _ saiqios 

vlian landebi; didi xania me mimelis Cemi samare, 

wamobrZandebiT?~. 

metyvelebis arqaizebuli stili parodiul elfers 

atarebs, Tumca simaRlec SenarCunebuli aqvs. SoTa 

CantlaZis poeziaSi, ase vTqvaT, `seriozuli arqaizebac~ 

SeiniSneba, magram metwilad arqauli enobrivi 

formebi ironiis da parodiis arealSi xvdeba. 

poetis sasiyvarulo leqsebSi zogjer ironia ufro 

galaRebuli da aTamaSebulia, anda sarkazmSi gadadis. 

xdeba isec, rom amaRlebul siyvarulSi daeWveba erotikisTvis 

aTavisuflebs adgils. 

SoTa CantlaZis ironiis mudmivi samiznea meSCanoba, 

adamianebis TviTkmayofili Sinagani siRatake. 

`me var adamiani, me var cxoveli. me var mezobeli da 

Cemi movaleobaa cxovreba sikvdilamde. da Cemi survi- 

250

lia _ kargi cxovreba da gviani sikvdili. Cemi survilia 

vuyuro yvelafers, rac Cems irgvliv gamefebula, 

da ar Cavixedo arc erT maTganSi, Tu es sagnebi ar 

mawuxeben me~. 

ironia, TviTironia, sarkazmi, Savi iumori, groteski 

_ es is stiluri formebia, romlebSic organulad 

mJRavndeba SoTa CantlaZis poeturi msoflxedva. `CamoxrCobilis 

iumoriT~ gvelaparakeba poeti sakuTar 

sikvdilze. 

ò, me gavugeb sabralo miwas, o, Cven gavugebT erTmaneTs 

da samudamod, samudamod davmegobrdebiT. gazafxulze 

amovlen yvavilebi Cems samareze da gamvlel-gamomvlels 

axareben, rom me kargad mkvdari var 

da sevdianad gaiRimebs gamvleli da SeCerdeba da 

gaiars~. 

sikvdilis komikuri dadableba, sikvdilTan Sexumreba 

da gaSinaureba mis saSinelebas imiT ànelebs~, rom 

sicocxlis Rirebulebriv simwireze gvaniSnebs. 

sikvdili SoTa CantlaZis poeziaSi erTaderTi ueWveli 

realobaa. poeti yvelaferze metad mas endoba, 

sabolood is eimedeba, mxolod misgan moelis Svelas 

TavisTvisac da samyarosTvisac. es Svela warmosaxulia 

kidec leqsSi `himni sikvdils~, rogorc emzar kvitaiSvilma 

pirobiTad daasaTaura. poeti qmnis kosmosis samudamo 

miZinebis gamomxatvel, STambeWdavad detalizebul 

da amasTanave bunebrivad gamTlianebul tilos. 

sikvdilis warmodgena Svebismomtan, harmoniis damamkvidrebel 

fenomenad yofierebis tragizmis arapirdapiri 

gamJRavnebaa. SoTa CantlaZis calkeul leqsebSi 

ki sicocxlis da sikvdilis Rrma tragikuloba 

uSualod da mTeli ZaliT vlindeba. 

`midis arabi ... bolos qviSas bindi ecema, mere arabic 

daecema qviSas bindiviT. daecema da daqanculi 

Zils miecema. aqlemis kuzni _ waqceuli piramidebi. 

daRlil TvalebSi daibuda mZime sizmarma, ezmana arabs: 

Rrialebda Rele lomiviT; da mere barad Camovarda da 

gaizmora, _ gaeqca velebs lomis brdRvinviT da nax- 

251

tomebiT. gaTenda dila ... gaiRviZa mzem uwinares, _ 

lomi Rmuoda kacis Zvlebze, rogorc mdinare~ (`lomi~). 

tragikulis SegrZnebis garda am leqsSi aSkarad 

Cans SoTa CantlaZis poeturi niWis sxva Tvisebebic _ 

sityvis virtuozuli floba, stilis iSviaTi dinamiuroba 

da plastika, sxarti da zusti tropuli azrovneba, 

Zlieri, Tavisufali fantazia, romelic empiriuli 

masalisgan uCveulo saxeobriv naerTebs qmnis. 

poetis warmosaxvas sagnebi da movlenebi mkveTri 

biZgiT gamoyavs inertuli mdgomareobidan. warmoCndeba 

maTi potenciuri `midrekilebebi~, mimarTebebi 

sxva sagnebTan, movlenebTan _ TiTqos sinamdvilis 

garsi ixliCeba da misi Sinagani raoba erTbaSad 

SiSvldeba. 

SoTa CantlaZes uyvars sityvis artistuli, TiTqosda 

daudevari moqneva, sityvebis Tanxmierad aJRereba, 

enamaxviloba, kalamburebi, saTqmelis paradoqsul 

formaSi moqceva, aforistuli formulebi. is xSirad 

eleganturad gaaTamaSebs situaciebs, azrebs, sityvebs, 

poetur formebs, magram es, Cveulebriv, Zalian 

seriozuli, arsebiTi da mtkivneuli Sinaarsis mqone 

TamaSia. 

SoTa CantlaZem qarTul poeziaSi wina planze wamoweva 

gauadvila urbanistul motivebs da cxovrebis 

Seuferadebel faqturas, sada intonaciebs, verlibrs, 

ironiul TvalTaxedvas ... TviTon ki, albaT, kidev ufro 

metis Seqmna SeeZlo, misi cxovreba cota iRblianad 

rom warmarTuliyo. 

252 

1987

wmenis tragikomedia 

originaluri personaJi Seemata Cvens literaturas, 

Tumca igi aq mTlad Sinaurulad ver igrZnobs 

Tavs. es aris rusi sabWoTa moqalaqe proxori, SoTa 

CantlaZis moTxrobis saSineli da sacodavi, kmayofili 

da uiRblo gmiri. moTxroba 1955 welsaa dawerili, magram 

mxolod axla gamoqveynda. 

rogorc poeti da miniaturisti, SoTa CantlaZe 

xSirad aCens ironiul-tragikul WrilSi oficialuri 

ideologiis da propagandis mier lakirebuli sabWoTa 

yofis sarCuls. moTxroba `proxor!!!~ SoTa CantlaZis 

poetur Semoqmedebas bunebrivad ebmis _ sabWoTa sinamdvilisadmi 

msgavsi damokidebulebiT, èSmakuri~ 

gamomgoneblobiT, mosxletili gonebamaxvilobiT ... is 

Sesrulebulia ìolad~, TiTqos salaRobo eqspromtia. 

ubraloa, zogjer feletonuricaa TavSesaqcevi Txroba 

da Sesaferisad martivia gmiric. magram martivi ar 

aris avtoris msoflxedva, romelic komikuris gverdiT 

gamoarCevs tragikul elements, qmnis tragikomikur, 

mniSvnelovani problematikis wreSi moqceul saxes. 

es arsebiTad satirikosis msoflxedvaa, yalbi moraluri 

da socialur-politikuri wesrigis momSleli da 

mis miRma darRveuli groteskuli realobis aRmomCeni. 

SoTa CantlaZis mier SeTxzuli igavuri istoria erTbaSad 

gamoavleninebs Tavs tips, romlis nairsaxeobebi mudam 

warmoadgenda ruseTis araTavisufali saxelmwifos 

yvelaze saimedo sayrdens. rac am tips SoTa CantlaZis 

moTxrobaSi mosdis, imas dRes igi cxovrebaSi ganicdis. 

Rrmad wams proxors arsebuli socialuri wyobis 

fataluri aucilebloba, samarTlianoba, WeSmariteba 

da amis gamo mcirediTac kmayofilia. mas aqvs ganuzomeli 

ndoba dadgenilis, dakanonebulis mimarT. proxors 

mtkiced sjera, rom xelisufleba masze zrunavs 

da momavalSi kidev ufro metad izrunebs, sjera saer- 

Tod yvelaferi, rasac Caagoneben maRali instanciebi, 

gazeTebi, agitacia Tu reklama, sazogadoebrivi azri. 

es uwevs sulieri cxovrebis da zneobrivi principebis 

253

magvirobas. proxori masis adamiania, romelic mTlianad 

garedan imarTeba da moklebulia individualurpirovnul 

sawyiss, kritikuli gansjis unars. amitomaa, 

rom igi ase fiqrobs: raki mTavroba obligaciebs 

uSvebs, reklama momxiblav aRTqmas iZleva, xalxi ki am 

obligaciebs yidulobs da xan igebs kidec, saWiroa 

TviTonac iyidos da mogebis myari imedi hqondes. 

moTxrobis personaJis amaforiaqebeli da wamqezebelia 

Suri, Suridan amozrdili primitiuli warmodgena 

samarTlianobaze da Tanasworobaze, samarTlianobis 

primitiuli moTxovnileba _ Tuki sxvebi igeben, 

ratom man ar unda moigos, dauSvebelia ar moigos. 

Tanasworobis da samarTlianobis wyurvili uaTkecebs 

proxors ugunur optimizms da rwmenas. misi mZlavri 

rwmenis unari ki adresatis arCevisas ar ayovnebs da 

meryeobs, azrovnebis daxmarebas ar ucdis. Semdeg igi 

Tavis fetiSs monurad eTayvaneba da emorCileba, etyoba, 

imitomac, rom masTan damokidebulebaSi angarebiania. 

sami revoluciis monawile da namdvili sabWouri 

proxori ukanmouxedavad iwamebs RmerTs, raTa misi 

natvris asruleba bolomde garantirebuli iyos. mwerali 

bufonadurad amasxrebs axladmoqceulis aRtkinebul 

religiurobas: igi bejiTad dadis eklesiaSi, 

sadac Tayvans cems òbligaciebis RmerTs~ rogorc 

specifikuri dargis TviTmpyrobel gamgebels. 

proxoris tragikomediis safuZvelia rusuli sulierebis 

Tviseba _ rwmenis didi moTxovnileba da unari, 

romelsac SeuZlia realoba miTologiiT Seanacvlos da 

raRac crus, damRupvelsac advilad daendos. es Tviseba 

meoce saukunis rusul literaturaSi yvelaze srulad 

platonovis poetur-groteskulma warmosaxvam amoicno. 

raki rusuli literatura vaxseneT, aqve vityviT, 

rom sabWoTa obivatelis ubadrukobis komikuri gamosaxviT 

`proxor!!!~ SesaZlebelia mivamsgavsoT zoSCenkos 

satirul-iumoristul prozas, Tumca analogia zedapirs 

ar cildeba. sxvaTaSoris, zoSCenkos aqvs moTxroba 

kacze, romelmac fuli moigo. SoTa CantlaZis 

nawarmoebis personaJi verafers moigebs, magram daje- 

254

ebulia, rom òbligaciebis RmerTma~ mowyalebis TvaliT 

gadmoxeda. Tavismotyueba, sasurvelis sinamdviled 

dasaxva proxoris ganusjeli morwmuneobis Tanmdevia. 

iluziiT frTaSesxmuli moTxrobis gmiris sad- 

Resaswaulo nadimi amJRavnebs bednierebaze, `karg 

cxovrebaze~ misi warmodgenis ukidures siviwroves, 

rac agreTve aSorebs mas Rirseul adamianur arsebobas. 

roca aRmoaCens, rom Semcdara da araferi mougia, 

proxori ubralod imitom ki ar SeiSleba, rom xelismocarvas 

metismetad ganicdis, aramed ufro imis gamo, 

rom misTvis sinamdvile axla sruliad gaugebaria; sinamdvilis 

is wesrigi, romelsac mTeli arsebiT endoboda, 

arasando gamodga; misi rwmena _ miwieri Tu zemiwieri 

xelisuflebis, agitacia-reklamis, samarTlianobis, momavlis 

_ gacamtverda, yvelaferma umtyuna, uRalata. proxori 

sigiJeSi gaurbis amas, ar SeuZlia da arc unda gaarkvios, 

ra da ratom daemarTa, gonebis saboloo dabnelebiT 

pasuxobs kraxs, amave dros agresiuli da saSiSi xdeba. 

sagiJeTis miRma darCa patara, uRimRamo siamovnebebis 

yoveldRiuri SeCveuli samyaro, romelsac proxori 

nostalgiiT igonebs. magram iq am kacis aryofna ar 

igrZnoba, iq uamravi proxoris msgavsia, romelTagan 

erTi mis dacarielebul adgils avtomaturad ikavebs. 

proxors da mis Semcvlels erTmaneTs isic amsgavsebs, 

rom maTTvis erTnairad damaxasiaTebelia ganur- 

Cevloba sakuTari Tu sxvebis uzneobisadmi. Tavisi Tavis 

da sxva adamianebis upativcemuloba proxoris qronikuli 

daavadebaa. 

moTxroba sastik simarTles gveubneba am tipiuri 

gmiris Sesaxeb, magram ara sastikad da avi sixaruliT. 

damcinavi avtori gulis siRrmeSi TanamgrZnobelia. 

miTufro, rom moTxrobis bedukuRmarTi personaJi 

aramarto sakuTari ugunuri midrekilebebis msxverplia, 

aramed socialur-politikuri sistemisac, romelsac 

am midrekilebaTa marjve gamoyeneba moupovebs 

sasicocxlo Zalebs, romelic mas amonebs da sxvaTa 

Tavisuflebis aRkveTasac akisrebs. 

1990 

255

guram rCeuliSvili 

bedniereba sikvdilis fonze 

guram rCeuliSvilis mkveTri pirovneba isea Serwymuli 

mis nawarmoebebs, rom am nawarmoebTa analizi 

Zneldeba kidec _ iolad SeiZleba mas mwerlis pirovnebis 

Sesaxeb saubari Seenacvlos. guram rCeuliSvils 

rogorc mwerals uwinaresad sakuTari arsebis wvdoma 

surs, TviTSemecnebis moTxovnileba misi mTavari SemoqmedebiTi 

stimulia, `Seican Tavi Seni~ misi upirvelesi 

SemoqmedebiTi principia. amitom is upiratesad 

piradulze, piradad gancdilze wers, yovel SemTxveva- 

Si, STabeWdileba iseTi gvrCeba, TiTqos mwerali arafers 

igonebs, gadmogvcems mxolod imas, risi monawile 

da TviTmxilvelic iyo. mas aqvs iSviaTi unari dagvajeros 

monaTxrobis da gamosaxulis àraliteraturulobaSi~. 

mis nawarmoebebSi myaria iluzia, rom realurad 

arsebul adamianebze da realurad momxdar ambebzea 

laparaki _ TiTqos dRiuria, avtobiografia, anda 

narkvevi Tu reportaJi, ramac SeiZleba egziuperis 

àdamianTa miwa~ da `samxedro mfrinavi~ gagvaxsenos. 

orientireba utyuar pirad gamocdilebaze, naturis 

erTguleba, garkveuli sifrTxile SeTxzulis da 

gamogonilis mimarT, yovelgvari siyalbis SiSi meoce 

saukunis 50-ian wlebSi dawyebul socialur da fsiqologiur 

ZvrebTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli. guram rCeuliSvilis 

prozis lirikuli aRsarebiToba, rogorc 

Cans, agreTve stimulirebulia drois tendenciis mier 

_ `pirovnebis aRmoCeniT~, pirovnebis faseulobis gam- 

Zafrebuli gancdiT da mkveTri gacnobierebiT. 

pirovneba, visac SeuZlia damoukideblad azrovnebdes, 

cnobier arCevans akeTebdes, pasuxismgeblobas 

kisrulobdes, zneobriv TviTdamkvidrebas axdendes _ 

aseTia guram rCeuliSvilis lirikuli gmiri. igi maZiebeli, 

cnobiswadiliT savse adamiania, cxovrebis dau- 

256

Ralavi Semswavlelia, romelic simarTlis natexebs 

krebs; magram upirveles yovlisa TviTon cxovrobs, 

gamudmebiT moqmedebs, mWvretelobiTi pozicia eviwroeba. 

is imitom ki ar cxovrobs mZafrad da sisxlsavsed, 

rom SeZenili gamocdileba azrebad `gadaamuSaos~, 

aramed piriqiT, azrovnebs, raTa WeSmaritad icxovros. 

swori da Rrma azri guram rCeuliSvilis lirikuli 

gmirisTvis sakmarisi ar aris, misi survilia azris ganxorcieleba, 

azris meoxebiT srulfasovani pirovnuli 

TviTrealizacia. 

yovelive es gansakuTrebuli sicxadiT da sisavsiT 

vlindeba àlaverdobaSi~. 

àlaverdobis~ gmirs Tavidan bunebaSi ganmartoebuls 

vxedavT _ bunebasTan urTierToba mas samyaros 

didebulebas, idumalebas da mSvenierebas, harmonias 

aziarebs, magram mTavari is aris, rom igi bunebasTan 

miRweuli TanxmierebiT ar kmayofildeba, radgan surs 

harmonia bunebidan adamianTa cxovrebaSic gadaitanos, 

daamkvidros. misi TvalTaxedviT, adamiani samyaros 

didebulebis Rirsi unda iyos da alaverdi, adamianis 

qmnileba, aris is, riTac adamiani samyaros, bunebis 

didebulebas amayad pasuxobs. 

alaverdobis dResaswauli, romelsac mTxrobeli 

eswreba, am adamianuri siamayis Semlaxvelia. bunebis 

harmoniasTan SedarebiT ufro mtkivneulad sagrZnobi 

da damamcirebelia is disharmonia, qaosi, romelic aq 

batonobs. erTmaneTisgan gaucxoebuli, gulgrili adamianebis 

umweo cdebi, sadResaswaulo ganwyoba Seqmnan 

da gaerTiandnen, mxolod xazs usvams maT gaTiSulobas 

da absurduli farsis xasiaTs aZlevs dResaswauls. am 

adamianebs dakarguli hyavT erTmaneTi, radgan dakarguli 

aqvT sakuTari Tavi _ arsebobis azri, namdvili 

faseulobebi, Rirseba; daclilebi arian Zlieri da 

Rrma grZnobebisgan, namdvili sicocxlismoyvareobisgan, 

sasicocxlo energiisgan; is sazogadoeba, romlis 

buneba da saxe dResaswaulis monawileebSi gamkveTrebulad 

Cans, sruliad moklebulia religiuri amaRlebis, 

eqstazis da yofnis sixarulis gancdis unars. 

257

guram rCeuliSvilisTvis WeSmariti religiuroba swored 

sasicocxlo Zalebis sisavse da sicocxlismoyvareobaa, 

sicocxlis sixarulis grZnobaa. 

TviT lirikuli gmiris qmedebaSi xorcSesxmulia es 

eqstazi da sicocxlismoyvareoba, sicocxlis sixaruli. 

am qmedebis siRrmiseuli paTosi qristianulia _ 

moyvasTa Svela, maTi daxsna sibrmavidan, uRirsobidan. 

mTxrobels surs daqsaqsul da gamofitul xalxs daanaxos 

taZari _ misive namdvili da dakarguli saxe. 

iseve rogorc ilias `mgzavris werilebis~ lirikul 

gmirs, guram rCeuliSvilis lirikul gmirsac adamianebis 

sulieri ganaxleba wyuria, isic sazogadoebis 

degradirebas, Sinagan gaxevebas, usicocxlobas upirispirdeba, 

misi mizanic is aris, rom sazogadoebis 

arseboba `Tergiseburi~ gaxados. àlaverdobis~ gmiri 

TiTqos imgvari literaturuli personaJebis Soreuli 

memkvidrea, rogorebic arian, vTqvaT, aluda qeTelauri 

an ibsenis brandi. 

magram es gmiri kritikulia aramarto masis mimarT, 

aramed TavisTavis mimarTac, radgan WeSmaritebis mikvlevas 

eswrafis da ara sakuTari uzadobis demonstrirebas. 

mkiTxvelma ukve irwmuna misi meamboxuri qmedebis 

siswore, ayva mis romantikul ltolvas da artistul 

gatacebas, moulodnelad ki TviTon igi arRvevs 

am erTsulovnebas _ TavisTavSi eWvdeba. is aRmoaCens, 

rom Sroma, Seneba, Semoqmedeba ufro didi faseulobaa 

da ufro Sedegiania, vidre gamomwvevi protesti, amboxi; 

rom pirovneba inertul masaze SeiZleba mxolod 

SemoqmedebiTma Sromam aamaRlos da ara sakuTari Tavis 

sayovelTao yuradRebis centrSi moqcevam; brbosac 

kvlav xalxad SromasTan mibruneba aqcevs, radgan 

Sromisgan mowyveta gadaagvarebs xalxs brbod, arTmevs 

sasicocxlo Zalas da arsebobis xaliss. 

àlaverdobis~ lirikuli gmiris _ Sinaganad damoukidebeli, 

Tavisufali pirovnebis buneba imaSic Cans, 

rom igi naklebad endoba mzamzareul Sexedulebebs da 

namdvili viTarebis uSualod Secnoba surs (aseT mzamzareul 

warmodgenebs asaxavs amonaweri gazeTebidan: 

258

`winanadelma religiurma dResaswaulebma dakarges TavianTi 

pirvandeli mniSvneloba...~). 

ùsaxelo ufliscixelSic~ lirikuli gmiri ar kmayofildeba 

imiT, rac ufliscixis Sesaxeb istorikosTa 

naSromebSia naTqvami da surs TviTon, sakuTari suliT 

da sxeuliT igrZnos ufliscixe. damaxasiaTebelia, rom 

mwerali istoriaSic gamoarCevs individuums, romelic 

moqmedebs Sinagani impulsebis karnaxiT, Tavisufali 

gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze da ara masobriv warmodgenebs, 

masis saerTo ganwyobas damorCilebuli. mkveTrad 

subieqtur-pirovnulia am nawarmoebis stili, kompozicia 

da pirovnebis Seucvlelobis, misi ganuzomeli 

faseulobis mtkicebaa moTxrobis Sinagani paTosic. 

iseve rogorc àlaverdobaSi~, guram rCeuliSvilis 

lirikuli gmiri mkveTrad upirispirdeba brbos, mis 

fsiqologias moTxrobaSi `Spilka~. lirikul gmirs 

protestis grZnobas aRuZravs daunawevrebel masad 

gaerTianebuli adamianebis Seubralebloba sulierad 

avadmyofi kacis mimarT; igi gamZafrebulad ganicdis 

pirovnebis xelSeuvali arsebobis uflebas da brbos 

ugunurebas. 

guram rCeuliSvils dawerili aqvs sxvadasxva mxatvruli 

Rirebulebis kidev araerTi nawarmoebi, romleb- 

Sic pirovnebis da masis, maTi urTierTmimarTebis 

problema ikveTeba. 

aseTia, magaliTad, moTxroba `rogor gamoicvala 

igor koblukovi~. axalgazrda adamiani, romelsac SeeZlo 

pirovneba gamxdariyo, inTqmeba masaSi da meqanizms 

emsgavseba, yalibdeba masis standartul warmomadgenlad; 

mas aRar aqvs damoukidebeli fiqris unari da, rac 

fsiqologiurad zustia, ukve Riziandeba, roca sxvebSi 

am unars, individualobis raime gamovlinebas xedavs. 

oRond es metamorfoza sakmaod sworxazovnad, martivad 

aris warmosaxuli. 

moTxrobaSi `moxucebuli~ frTxili da TanamgrZnobeli 

ironiiT aris naCvenebi `masis adamianis~ saxe. es 

aris carieli, uvnebo, ùxasiaTo~ kaci, romelsac cxov- 

259

ebis mZime dartyma mxolod yru tkivils ganacdevinebs, 

sulier uZraobas mxolod odnav Seutokebs. 

mwerlis lirikuli gmiri bevrs mogzaurobs da ramdenime 

moTxroba agebulia am gmiris Sinagan uTanxmoebaze 

garemosTan, romelTan Sexebac mogzaurobisas 

uxdeba. es aris usaxuri adamianuri garemo, romlis 

erTgvarovnebaSic pirovnebis gamorCeva Wirs. asea, 

vTqvaT, `guculebSi~: amaoa moTxrobis gmiris cda, ipovos 

raRac cocxali, pirovnuli garegnulad simpaTiur 

qalSi. 

aseTi cda warmatebulia moTxrobaSi `Sua zafxulSi 

yvelgan cxela~. misi gmiri vaJa jandieri (igi rCeuliSvilis 

araerTi nawarmoebis gmiria), romelic gamoTiSulia 

zRvispira kurortisTvis Cveulebriv sasiyvarulo 

TamaSebs, moulodnelad Tanamoazres aRmoaCens erT 

rus gogonaSi, vinc masaviT kritikulad da ironiulad 

aris ganwyobili imis mimarT, rac maT irgvliv xdeba; 

orivesTvis miuRebelia cxovrebis standartuli wesi, 

romelic adamianebs erTmaneTs amsgavsebs. 

am nawrmoebTan axloa moTxroba `zRvasTan martodmarto~. 

vaJa martoobas ganicdis, upirovno urTier- 

Tobebs ver eTviseba; SemTxveviTi kavSiri qalTan kidev 

ufro mwvaved agrZnobinebs martoobas, oRond es martooba 

axla arsebiTad gaTavisuflebaa, roca daiZleva 

imis mimzidveloba, rac aranamdvili da mdarea. 

upirovno, Sinagan kontaqts moklebul adamianur 

urTierTobebs warmoaCens moTxroba `pirvelad tramalebSi~. 

am urTierTobaTa miRma rCeba yvelaferi, rac 

adamians marTla sakuTari aqvs _ faruli tkivilebi 

Tu miswrafebebi, fiqrebi, bedi da warsuli. adamianebi 

mxolod gakvriT, zedapiriT exebian erTmaneTs, kvals 

ar toveben erTmaneTSi. isini Senacvlebadebi arian, 

erTimeoris magivrobis iolad gamwevebi. moTxrobas 

dramatizms sZens qveteqsti _ lirikuli gmiris daukmayofilebloba 

namdvili, pirovnuli urTierTobis 

surogatebiT. 

guram rCeuliSvili mxatvrulad aanalizebs da aaSkaravebs 

masobrivi, upirovno cnobierebis siClunges. 

260

moTxrobaSi `nadiroba~ erT-erTi personaJis mier papirosisTvis 

Tavis danebeba aRmatebul mniSvnelobas 

iZens, radgan masobrivi cnobiereba ganurCevelia namdvilad 

mniSvnelovani sakiTxis mimarT _ ra aris adamianis 

arsebobis azri. misi TvalTaxedviT, janmrTeloba 

`kargia~, magram ratom aris `kargi~, risTvis Wirdeba 

adamians janmrTeloba, saerTod sicocxle? aseTi kiTxva 

mis winaSe ar wamoiWreba. aqac mwerlis lirikuli 

gmiri kritikuli da ironiulia masobrivi cnobierebis 

mimarT. 

masobriv-yoveldRiuri cnobierebis sibrmave gansakuTrebiT 

mkveTrad mJRavndeba moTxrobaSi `kide kargi~, 

radgan is Tavs iCens sikvdilTan mimarTebaSi. sikvdilis 

azri (Tu uazroba) ar xdeba dafiqrebis sagani, 

sikvdili ar ganicdeba. yoveldRiuri cnobiereba Sepyrobilia 

yofiTi wvrilmanebiT, romlebsac absurdulad 

azviadebs. 

magram is, ris mimarTac masobrivi, yoveldRiuri 

cnobiereba ugrZnobelia, arsebiTia pirovnebis yofierebaSi. 

uwinares yovlisa swored sikvdilis gacnobiereba, 

misi arsebobis dauviwyebloba, masTan SefardebiT 

sicocxlis faseulobis gaazreba aqcevs pirovnebad 

adamians. sikvdilTan damokidebuleba guram rCeuliSvilis 

prozaSi adamianis sulieri simwifis da Rirsebis 

sazomia. 

moTxrobaSi àxla me ocdaxuTi wlisa var~ gmiri 

Tavis biografias gviambobs _ xalisianad, momxiblavi 

uSualobiT, `zedapirulad~, rogorc axalgazrdisganaa 

mosalodneli. TviT ambavic ubraloa, ramdenadme 

tipiuric: ufrosebis siTboTi garemosili bavSvoba, 

mere studentoba, kiTxva, gataceba poeziiT, Seyvareba, 

sma.. magram am garegani simartivis miRma seriozuli 

saTqmeli SeigrZnoba da amoicnoba. nawarmoebi Sesrulebulia 

mwerlisTvis Cveuli qveteqstis teqnikiT _ 

striqonebs Soris TiTqos sikvdilia Casafrebuli. 

vgrZnobT, rom lirikul gmirs wuTiTac ar aviwydeba 

sikvdilis arseboba, magram amis Sesaxeb is cotas ambobs, 

sikvdilis mniSvneloba uCinrad ufroa ganfenili 

261

nawarmoebSi. sikvdilis fenomenis pirispir yofna moTxrobis 

personaJs azrs, TviTSegnebas uRviZebs; amieridan 

igi sicocxlis horizontze sikvdils xedavs, cxovrobs 

sikvdilis TandaswrebiT; amitom aRar SeuZlia 

winandeburad, stiqiurad iarsebos _ axal sicocxles 

qmnis da bednieria imiT, rom sikvdilis mier datovebul 

sicarieles avsebs, oRond es aris bedniereba sikvdilis 

fonze; idiliur ganwyobas da tons sikvdilis 

Crdili ecema, simSvide, harmonia sikvdilis da sicocxlis 

droebiTi zavia. sikvdilis gacnobierebas mosdevs 

Tvalaxelili pirovnebis Camoyalibeba, romlisTvisac 

sicocxle axleburad Zvirfasia. 

poeti ambobs: `RmerTma giSvelos, sikvdilo, sicocxle 

Svenobs SeniTa~ _ sikvdili aramarto sazarelia, 

aramed yofnis gemos da madlis SegrZnebis gamamZafrebelic. 

sikvdilis gancdas adamiani yoveldRiurobis 

buranidan gamoyavs. vTqvaT, `Seyvarebis~ gmiri yofis 

gamomfitav monotonurobaSia CanTqmuli da mxolod 

sikvdilis gancda afxizlebs ... 

sikvdilis safrTxe daanaxebs sicocxlis faseulobas 

àsvlis~ gmirs, Svelis iqces Sinaganad Zlier, Tavisufal 

pirovnebad, TvalTaxedvas uRrmavebs. `kacma unda 

mTeli suliT icocxlo... an ra aris mudmivoba, _ 

sisulele. yvela adamiani mudmivad cxovrobs, yovel 

SemTxvevaSi, misi maradiuloba is wlebia, romelsac 

gaatarebs am qveyanaze~. 

sikvdili guram rCeuliSvilis mxatvrul samyaroSi 

moulodnelad, ucabedad iWreba. is sicocxlis Signi- 

Taa Sefaruli da dros ucdis, rom Tavi gaamJRavnos. 

mas savsebiT amqveyniuri da prozauli ieri aqvs. mwerali 

sikvdils xatavs yovelgvari afeqtaciis da paTetikis 

gareSe, ise, rom arsebiTad ar cvlis Cveulebriv 

tonalobas, ar amZafrebs emociurobas, maRla ar wevs 

intonacias. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia jansaRi, idiliurad 

aumRvreveli ganwyobis Sexameba dramatulTan Tu 

tragikulTan. aseTi Sexmeba orive sawyiss amkveTrebs. 

`nel tangoSi~ araferi moaswavebs im ubedurebas, 

romelic sul male unda moxdes; Tavidan moTxrobaSi 

262

mSvidi, uRrublo atmosferoa, igi TiTqos arc irRveva, 

ise Semoipareba sikvdili. plastikurad, danakvTulad 

aris warmosaxuli sikvdilTan adamianis brZolis dinamiuri 

suraTi. saerTod, mwerals gansakuTrebiT 

exerxeba fizikuri moZraobis, sxeulebrivi anda mTliani 

sxeulebriv-sulieri mdgomareobebis gamosaxva. sulier 

cxovrebasac is xSirad garegan qmedebaTa rigiT 

gadmoscems, rogorc hemingueis stilisTvis aris niSandoblivi; 

Tumca sakuTriv fsiqologiuri analizi, sulis 

uSualo wvdoma guram rCeuliSvilis prozaSi aranakleb 

organulia. 

sikvdili `nel tangoSi~ amJRavnebs pirovnebis sulier 

siZlieres, imas, rom igi SiSis da egoizmisgan Tavisufali 

kacia. oRond mwerali heroikulad amaRlebul 

saxes ar xatavs, araviTar aqcents ar akeTebs imaze, 

rom personaJi gansakuTrebuli adamiania; piriqiT, is 

savsebiT ubralod, miwierad gamoiyureba da mainc misi 

sulis siuxve cxadad igrZnoba, miTufro inertul da 

uvnebo adamianur garemosTan kontrastSi. 

`nel tangoSi~ gaSlili situacia ukiduresad kritikulia, 

eqstremaluria. guram rCeuliSvili araiSvia- 

Tad aseT situaciebSi akvirdeba adamians, mis bunebas, 

radgan isini TvalnaTliv avlenen adamianis namdvil 

raobas, adamianis sulis sisustes Tu Zlierebas. 

Tu `neli tangos~ gmiri uZlebs zRvruli situaciiT 

gamocdas, aseT situaciaSi sxvanairad warmoCndeba 

moTxrobis `zRva arcTu ise Relavda~ personaJi, romelsac 

TviTgadarCenis instinqti megobars sasikvdilo 

gansacdelSi miatovebinebs. es personaJi Tavis sindiss 

gaurigdeba da simarTlis miCqmalvas apirebs, magram 

aRmoCndeba, rom amis gakeTeba praqtikulad SeuZlebelia 

_ is mZime dilemis winaSe dgeba, an simarTle 

unda gaamxilos, an miimalos. eqstremaluri situacia 

moiTxovs, rom adamianma aucileblad da dauyovnebliv 

amoirCios arsebul SesaZleblobaTagan erTi, ganaxorcielos 

arCevanis erTmniSvnelovani aqti. guram rCeuliSvili 

sastik Semowmebas uwyobs Tavis gmirs. is adamianisgan 

bevrismomTxovni mweralia, adamianSi Rirse- 

263

is, sulis simagris uSeRavaTo maZiebeli; WeSmariti 

adamianurobis Ziebisas mimarTavs igi eqstremalur 

situaciebs. 

* * * 

germaneli mwerali alfred kurela, moTxrobis 

`sikvdili mTebSi~ gmiri, sruliad uecrad dgeba meuRlis 

sikvdilis pirispir. rogor moiqceva aseT dros 

adamiani, rogor ganicdis da iazrebs sikvdils, ra 

Tvisebebs gamoamJRavnebs _ yovelive es moTxrobaSi 

meToduri mxatvruli dakvirvebis obieqtia. 

am moTxrobaSi, iseve rogorc sxva nawarmoebebSi, 

mwerali TiTqmis ar warmosaxavs imas, ras grZnobs da 

fiqrobs TviT momakvdavi. is akvirdeba sikvdilis gavlenas 

`damswreebze~ da afasebs maT am gavlenis ragvarobis 

mixedviT. 

arsebiT fsiqologiur simarTles amJRavnebs kurelas 

pirveli reaqcia uaxloesi adamianis sikvdilze _ 

mas ucnaurobis gancda ipyrobs. `kurelam didi dro 

gaatara mTebSi, _ mainc ucxo iyo aq yvelaferi, ucxo 

da ucanuri; xalxi ucnobi, mdinare civi, xmauriani; es 

iyo ucxo mxare, sadRac erTdebodnen SegrZnebaSi 

simwuxare da Seucnobeli, aramSobliuri. yvelaferi es 

ufro saocari iyo: lodianebs Sua iwva misi meuRle _ 

ukve mkvdari. meuRle, romelic erTi saaTis win 

cocxali iyo, mxiarulad laparakobda, da romelTanac 

xuTi Svili hyavda~. 

kurela garegnulad mSvidi, mxne Cans, praqtikulobac 

SerCenili aqvs; gurami da vaJa, romlebic yuradRebiT 

adevneben mas Tvals, mis mSvid TavdaWeras imas 

miaweren, rom am adamians jer gacnobierebuli ara aqvs 

momxdari, magram amasTan erTad eWvic Cndeba misi ugr- 

Znoblobis Taobaze... 

kurela Sinagan wonasworobas inarCunebs gansjis 

meoxebiT, is Zalas povebs Tavis racionalistur msoflgagebaSi. 

kurelas damokidebuleba sikvdilTan gvaxsenebs 

mis did Tanamemamules, goeTes, romelmac Svi- 

264

lis sikvdilis Setyobisas Tqva: `me vicodi, rom mokvdavi 

gavaCine~. 

magram raRac aklia, raRac arsebiTi xarvezi dayveba 

amgvar Tvalsazriss. erTi mxriv, marTlac, sikvdili 

gardauvalobaa da mas verafers mouxerxeb, unda Seeguo. 

magram adamiani xom mxolod aucileblobis sferos 

ar ekuTvnis; Tu gansja imecnebs da egueba aucileblobas, 

adamianis grZnoba, tkivili ar eTanxmeba mas, 

iTxovs samyaros sastiki kanonis gauqmebas. da es adamianis 

arsis da mowodebisTvis aranakleb Sesaferia, vidre 

gansjis wyalobiT miRweuli simxneve. 

aRmoCndeba, rom kurelas adamianuri bunebis simdidrec 

ver eteva racionalizmis mWidro javSanSi. igi 

axloblis sikvdils xvdeba rogorc srulfasovani pirovneba 

_ stoikurad, naTeli azrovnebis unaris daukargavad 

da amave dros Rrma tkiviliT. es SeuTavsebs 

moTxrobaSi erTmaneTs sapirispiro msoflmxedvelobriv 

poziciebs, sikvdilis orgvar gancda-gaazrebas _ 

germanuls da qarTuls; asrulebs nawarmoebSi farulad 

Tu aSkarad aRbeWdil daZabul diskusias Temaze _ 

raSi mJRavndeba WeSmariti adamianuroba sikvdilis 

winaSe. moTxrobaSi uxvad gabneuli dakvirvebebi imaze, 

Tu ranair gancdebs da fiqrebs badebs adamianebSi 

sikvdilTan Sexeba, am Temis irgvliv iyris Tavs . 

sikvdils mTeli arsebiT, gonebiTac da grZnobiTac 

wvdeba moTxrobis lirikuli gmiri guramic. tragikuli 

ambavi, romlis Semswrec is aris, misi gamocdacaa, 

mas mtkivneul, Rrma sulier gamocdilebas sZens. uwinaresad 

samyaros aRqmis centrSi misi TvalTaxedvis 

moqceviT eniWeba moTxrobas azrobriv-emociuri sisavse 

da dinamika. 

sikvdilis WeSmariti SegrZneba ikveTeba am fenomenis 

zerele, nelTbili gancdis fonze. `boxxmians Tvalebze 

cremli moadga, mere xeli aiRo maRla, Caiqnia, 

ganze gavida, iqve dajda da Tavi muxlebSi Cargo. _ 

etyoba, daiRala dgomiT, _ miCurCula vaJam~. sikvdil- 

Tan Sexvedra guram rCeuliSvilis prozaSi adamianTa 

265

Tvisebrivi gansxvavebebis, maTi Sinagani rangis utyuari 

maCvenebelia. 

Tavis nawarmoebTa erT nawilSi guram rCeuliSvili 

mwerali-eqsperimentatoria, romelic adamianis namdvili 

bunebis gamomavlinebel mxatvrul cdebs atarebs; 

ara `laboratoriaSi~ _ pirobiTi niSnebis da sqemebis 

gamoyenebiT, aramed `naturalur pirobebSi~, sadac 

yvelaferi sicocxliT amoZravebulia, gamokveTili 

konturis da ieris mqonea, materiiT Sevsebulia. amas 

mowmobs `sikvdili mTebSic~, Tundac bunebis plastikurad 

TvalsaCino da emociurad metyveli suraTebiT, 

romlebic ganuwyvetliv icvleba da adamianuri vneba- 

TaRelvis gamosaxvas Svelis. mkacri mTiani landSafti 

TiTqos scenaa, romelzec adamianebis arseboba ufro 

mkafiod garSemowerilia, ufro reliefurad dasanaxia. 

igive iTqmis rCeuliSviliseul zRvis peizaJebze. 

axalgazrda adamianis cnobierebaSi sikvdilis SesvliT 

gamowveuli Zvrebis CaZiebuli fsiqologiuri analizia 

ganxorcielebuli moTxrobaSi `molodini~. 

gurami, romelic momakvdav babuas uvlis, daZabulad 

ixedeba TavisTavSi da iq aRmoCenili zogi ram misTvis 

usiamovnoa. aris ki mkafio zRvari TanagrZnobas da 

egoizms Soris _ es kiTxva, romelic adamianis siRrmiseul 

arsebas exeba, ismis swored eqstremalur situaciaSi, 

axloblis sikvdilis mtanjveli molodinisas. 

gurami grZnobs, rom momakvdavsac egoizmi ereva. gam- 

Zafrebuli yuradRebiT xatavs mwerali agonias, amCnevs 

adamianis bunebis iseT Tvisebebs, romlebic sxva 

dros gaumJRavnebeli rCeba. paradoqsulad WeSmaritia, 

magaliTad, mixvedra, rom `roca gtkiva, ar ginda 

sikvdili~, Tundac manamde genatrebodes igi. 

moTxrobaSi aris personaJi-ideologi, rusi sanitari 

ivane, romelic sicocxles, Tundac tanjuls, umaRles 

faseulobad acxadebs, tanjvas adamianuri yofnis 

Rrma sazrisis mqone sawyisad Tvlis. TiTqos dostoevskis 

romeliRac gmiris egzaltirebul monologs 

vismenT: `gauSviT, iyos tanjva aTjer meti! is mainc 

sicocxlea!.. gesmis? iq _ jandabaSi aRaraferi aRar 

266

aris, aRarc tanjvaa. tanjva? am sityvas, ufro sworad, 

gancdas egre nu uyurebT. eg maRla dgas yvelaferze, 

eg yvelaze sasiamovno gancdaa, roca itanjebi, gansakuTrebiT, 

roca am tanjvas sxvebi xedaven. ai, qriste 

imitom ewama, rom daenaxaT~. 

gurams tanjvisadmi aseTi apologeturi damokidebulebis 

gaziareba uZneldeba. ivanes msjeloba STambeWdavia, 

magram sikvdilis areSi moxvedrili adamianis 

martoobasTan, Sinagan gamocdilebasTan Sepirispirebisas 

misi manugeSebeli Zala klebulobs. im sferoSi, 

romelSic gurami imyofeba, garedan saerTodac veravin 

SeaRwevs, mas aq veravin SeeSveleba. es misi usakuTresi 

sulieri cdis sferoa, sadac, TavisTavis anabarad datovebuli, 

Tavis Sinagan raobas poulobs. 

moTxrobis gmiri sakuTar TavSi kvlav da kvlav 

mtkivneulad aRmoaCens egoisturi instinqtis siZlieres, 

romelic eqstremalur viTarebaSi ufro mkveTrad 

vlindeba. es instinqti da masTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli 

sikvdilis SiSi altruistul gancdebsac Sinaganad 

msWvalavs. magram amasTanave qveteqsti gvagrZnobinebs, 

rom gurams gulwrfelad uyvars moxuci. arsebiTad 

sikvdilis winaSe igi gamZleobas da sulier sifaqizes 

iCens, oRond amave dros adamianis raobas saer- 

Tod da sakuTar raobas kerZod ukve adrindelze ufro 

sworad, misi sisustiT da arasrulyofilebiT xedavs. 

sikvdilis sisastike gansakuTrebulad igrZnoba, 

roca is amaxinjebs Tavisufali, laRi adamianis sicocxles. 

aseTi adamiania munji axmedi. 

arsebiTad axmedi primitiuli, civilizaciis miRma 

myofi, bunebasTan SeTvisebuli individia. buneba, zRva 

Cuqnis mas megobars _ lilis, romelic uyvars Tavisi 

ueSmako sulis mTeli ZaliT da bednieria ise, rogorc, 

albaT, mxolod ucodveli adamiani SeiZleba iyos 

bednieri. 

moTxrobaSi poeturad, amave dros realisturi sisadaviT 

aris naCvenebi axmedis da lilis siyvaruli, 

maTi uzrunveli arseboba bunebaSi, maTi wrfeli da bu- 

267

nebrivi vneba. es TiTqos pirveli adamianebis samoTxiseburi 

yofaa. 

magram guram rCeuliSvilis prozaSi idiliuroba 

tanjvis da sikvdilis mxolod Txeli safarvelia. 

is, rom personaJi martivi, civilizaciasTan TiTqmis 

uziarebeli adamiania, mwerals saSualebas aZlevs 

uSualod daayenos igi samyaros arsismieri simartiviT 

gamovlenil mTavar sawyisTa winaSe _ sicocxlis, sikvdilis 

winaSe. axmeds Rupavs ara Sinagani konfliqtebi 

an konfliqtebi garemosTan, ara socialur urTierTobaTa 

disharmoniuloba Tu adamianTa zneobrivi mankiereba, 

aramed sakuTriv sikvdili rogorc amqveynad arsebuli 

borotebis Ziri. nawarmoebSi sikvdilis fenomeni 

Zalian axlodan aris danaxuli, sikvdilis Zala _ 

sagnobrivad nagrZnobi, rogorc, magaliTad, Tomas 

vulfis moTxrobaSi `sikvdili _ amayi da~. 

sikvdils mravalferovani arsenali aqvs, mis xelTaa 

rogorc swrafad, aseve Senelebulad moqmedi iaraRi. 

nela, Semparavad uaxlovdeba aryofna axmeds, auCqareblad, 

magram jiuti TanmimdevrulobiT fitavs, utovebs 

mxolod sxeulebriv SegrZnebebs, sicocxlis umartives 

niSnebs. `sadRac gaiqeqa misi SegrZneba, mas Semdeg 

aRar enaxa ase axlos qalis sxeuli. axla uyurebda da 

odesRac gancdili mkrTalad uforiaqebda miberebul 

sxeuls, ZaRli ki ulokavda mlaSe xelisguls, sasiamovnod 

uTbobda. nela wamodga, CoCviT gadajda moxuci 

qalis gverdze. isev gaqeqa cecxli, didxans uyura, mere 

damWknari xeli daado qalis mkerds. gaqra gaRviZebuli 

SegrZneba, mkerdi civi, ugrZnobeli iyo, gareT gavardnili 

lekvi isev uyefda landebs. welaTreviT gadmojda 

Tavis adgilas axmedi. axla siSiSvles veRar xedavda. 

mxolod grZnobda, rom swyuroda wyali. Tungi moiyuda. 

svamda didi, mZime ylupebiT da uformo sicocxle 

ipyrobda mis sxeuls. civi wyali gadadioda yelSi, eRvreboda 

gulze. sxeuli grZnobda, rom is cocxali iyo, 

es sicocxle ijda dangreul qoxSi, naxevrad mimqral 

cecxlTan, romlis pirasac iwva beberi qali. es sicocxle 

grZnobda, rom lekvi, romelic gareT yefda, Semo- 

268

vidoda da xelisguls aulokavda, cecxli, romelic 

qreboda, fiCxis SekeTebisas isev daiwyebda TamaSs, isev 

gaanaTebda SiSvel mkerds, lekvis enas da kedelze 

Camokidebul badeebs~. 

es pasaJic da mTeli nawarmoebic STambeWdavia Sinagani 

emociuri Zabvis gadmomcemi niuansirebuli saxovanebiT, 

plastikurobis da fsiqologizmis ganuyoflobiT, 

zedapirze naklebSesamCnevi, magram gamWoli 

analitikurobiT, azris da suraTis mkafio ritmulobiT 

... sulisSemZvrelia sikvdilis mier gadaTelili 

Tavisufali sicocxlis es istoria. 

guram rCeuliSvilisTvis adamianis Sefasebis Ziri- 

Tadi kriteriumi Tavisuflebis xarisxia _ es aris Tavisufleba 

SiSisgan, egoizmisgan, cxovrebis da azrovnebis 

standartuli, anonimuri wesisgan. Tavisufali, 

srulfasovani individualobebis Ziebas mwerali iseT 

arealebSic miyavs, romlebic daSorebulia Tanamedrove 

civilizacias. asea `baTareka WinWaraulSic~. 

mxatvrul nawarmoebSi mwerals Seaqvs eTnografiuli 

narkvevis, kulturul-istoriuli eses elementebi. 

eseizmi saerTodac damaxasiaTebelia misi azrovnebis- 

Tvis (àlaverdoba~, ùsaxelo ufliscixeli~, `naTela~...). 

guram rCeuliSvili qmnis xevsureTis metyvel 

`portrets~, gvaziarebs am mxaris suls, cocxali mxatvruli 

saxis komponentad aqcevs erTi SexedviT mxatvrulobisTvis 

ucxo masalas. 

àq poezia ganukiTxavad batonobis prozaze, poezia 

Tavisi ùlogiko~ vnebebiTa da gamoxatvis Seudarebeli 

dramatuli simSvenieriT. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom 

aq folklori, naWedi xevsuruli leqsi, rogorc formis, 

ise Sinaarsis RirsebiT klasikur simaRleze adis. 

yvela xevsuri ,rogorc wesi, poetia. yvelaze kargs ki 

maTgan igi dawers, vinc sxvaze metad da RirsebiT 

itanjeba, vermiRweulis vnebiT Sepyrobili~. 

am nawyvetSi mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi mrwamsia formulirebuli. 

`poezia~, poeturoba gagebulia rogorc 

gamosaxati sulieri moZraobebis intensioba da maRali 

Zabva _ vnebianoba, aseve rogorc maTi ucnauroba, gau- 

269

gebroba SeCveuli cxovrebiseuli logikis TvalsazrisiT. 

`poeziisTvis~ niSandoblivia agreTve formis damuxtuloba 

da mZafri eqspresiuloba. es esTetikuri 

mrwamsi upirvelesad TviT `baTareka WinWaraulSia~ 

xorcSesxmuli. 

moTxrobis mxatvruli sinamdvilis, misi gmirebis 

bunebis amocnobas gviadvilebs `vermiRweulis vneba~, 

romelzec avtori laparakobs. 

`vermiRweulis vneba~ arsebulis ukmarobis grZnobaa. 

mzias da baTarekas swored es vneba awvalebT, igi 

Rrma sulieri naTesaobiT akavSirebs am or TiTqos yovelmxriv 

gansxvavebul xasiaTs. es vnebaa imis mizezi, 

rom orive Sinaganad gaucxoebulia yofiTobisgan, 

yoveldRiurobisgan. 

SeuboWavi moqmedeba, sulieri da fizikuri Zalebis 

Seuferxebeli gamovlena, samxedro avantiura da 

faTerakia baTarekas stiqia. Tu `vermiRweulis vneba~ 

baTarekas gamudmebiT garesamyarosken eweva, mzias is 

sakuTar sulSi moaZebninebs Tavisuflebis samyofels, 

romelsac misi ocneba ganagebs da sruliad mowyvetilia 

xevsurebis yoveldRiur cxovrebas. es patara gogona 

Tavisufalia da sakuTar Tavisuflebas TavganwirviT 

icavs _ am romantikuli meocnebis TviTmkvleloba 

misi Tavisuflebis ukanaskneli, tragikuli 

mowmobaa. 

mzias da baTarekas _ sinamdviliT daukmayofilebeli, 

Tavisuflebisken mswrafveli pirovnebebis konfliqts 

paradoqsulad qmnis swored maTi bunebis erTgvarovneba, 

maTi arsebis sxvadasxva saxiT gamovlenili 

romantikuloba. baTareka xedavs, rogori SeuTavsebelia 

mzia Cveulebriv, `normalur~ cxovrebasTan da 

grZnobs, rom Svils misi sulis Tviseba gamoyva; amiT gamowveul 

gaRizianebas igi Tavisi eqstravertuli xasia- 

Tis Sesaferisad gamoxatavs, gareT mimarTavs. `qaliSvilis 

Tvalebis moSorebam gons moago baTareka da im 

brazis gadmonTxevis saSualeba misca, romelic Tavisi 

Tavisadmi igrZno Svilis danaxvisTanave. es brazi im 

danaSaulidan modioda, romelSiac mas brali ar hqon- 

270

da da romlis gamosworebac mas ar SeeZlo. erT vnebad 

Seikra is raRacis winaaRmdeg amxedrebuli, silis gakvriT 

daanTxia qaliSvils yvelaferi...~. 

uCveuloa ùlogiko vnebebis~ logika, moTxrobis 

gmirTa tragediis Sinagani motivebi. 

Tavisi Seuvali TavisuflebiT mzia WinWarauls gvagonebs 

`devebis cekvis~ gmiri. igi warmogvidgeba romantikul 

saxed, romelsac demonuri niSnebi aqvs mini- 

Webuli. is, karmenis msgavsad, ar Tmobs Tavisuflebas 

da Rupavs misi gulis dapyrobis ùlogiko vnebebiT~ 

Sepyrobil pretendentebs. 

ramdenime moTxrobaSi guram rCeuliSvili gatacebiT 

xatavs cxenebs _ amay da Tavisufal arsebebs. swored 

maTi Tavisufleba xiblavs mwerals da maTi mZlavri 

nebis motexvas, maT dabeCavebas ganicdis mtkivneulad 

_ movigonoT `salamura~, èrTguli~, `TvirTvila~ ... 

Sinagani naTesaobaa SesamCnevi am jansaR da Tavisufal 

arsebebs da, vTqvaT, moTxrobis `siyvaruli martis 

TveSi~ gmirs Soris, romlis axladgaSlili da saRi 

sicocxle uRmerTod saxiCrdeba, iseve rogorc maTsa 

da `naTelas~ gmirebs Soris. 

`naTela~ guram rCeuliSvilis erT-erTi ukanaskneli 

moTxrobaa da mis struqturas meti SemoqmedebiTi 

simwifis niSani atyvia. lirikuli gmiri aq ufro obieqturad 

warmoisaxeba, avtors da am gmirs gazrdili 

mxatvruli distancia acalkevebT, maT erTmaneTis mimarT 

meti damoukidebloba aqvT mopovebuli. personaJTa 

saxeebi kidev ufro saguldagulod da individualizebulad 

iZerweba. 

es aris metad cxovrebismieri, narkvevis msgavsi nawarmoebi, 

imavdroulad ki _ axdenili keTili sizmari 

Tu zRapari. guram rCeuliSvilis prozis ori gamWoli 

tendencia _ `dokumenturoba~ da poeturoba _ am 

moTxrobaSi savsebiT mTliandeba. ìs iyo im mdgomareobaSi, 

romlis Semdegac adamians SeuZlia maRla 

afrindes, Tan aitanos miwac~ _ naTqvamia moTxrobis 

gmirze da aq nawarmoebis stilis Tvisebac aris 

gamxelili. 

271

gio TiTqos bavSvobisdroindel sisufTaves da Tavisuflebas 

ibrunebs, raSic araCveulebrivi bavSvi exmareba 

_ suliT da xorciT jansaRi, gonieri da gambedavi, 

momxiblavi patara qali, guram rCeuliSvilis 

patara ufliswuli. samyarosadmi ndobas, gulgaxsnilobas, 

SiSis da egoizmisgan TavdaRwevas aCvevs igi 

gios. 

tragikul msoflSegrZnebas, romliTac gamsWvalulia 

mwerlis Semoqmedeba, man TiTqos sagangebod 

gadauketa `naTelas~ imediT da SuqiT savse poeturi 

sinamdvile. 

sruliad sapirispiro viTarebaa ìrinaSi~ _ guram 

rCeuliSvilis prozis Tanmdevi tragizmi aq ukiduresad 

gamwvavebulia. 

nawarmoebis enobrivi forma energiiT aris datenili; 

sityvebs da frazebs Soris myardeba iseTi urTierTmiziduloba, 

aucilebeli urTierTkavSiri, rogoric 

niSandoblivia poeziis srulfasovani nimuSebis- 

Tvis. formis daZabuloba adekvaturad gadmoscems 

lirikuli gmiris intensiur, gangaSiT mocul Sinagan 

cxovrebas. 

qals, romelic am gmirs mtkivneulad uyvars, siyvaruli 

warsulis tvirTs Camoxsnis, igi, iseve rogorc 

munji axmedi, TavisTavSi mxolod siyvarulis xmas ugdebs 

yurs, es aris misi Tavisuflebis sawindari. fsiqikis 

sirTule, refleqsuroba uSlis xels gurams, miendos 

irinas, romelic TviTon bavSviviT mimndobia, gadalaxos 

Tavisi egocentrizmi da skepticizmi, urwmunoba 

da sulierad gaumTliandes meore adamians; daijeros, 

rom bedniereba SeiZleba namdvili iyos da ara 

saSinelebis saburveli. guramis tragedia is aris, rom 

ar SeuZlia irinasaviT Sinaganad Tavisufali iyos. 

Txrobis subieqtur-lirikuli wyobis farglebSi mwerali 

axerxebs miukerZoebloba da simkacre gamoavlinos 

Tavisi gmiris mimarT. 

272

* * * 

or poluss Soris aris ganfenili guram rCeuliSvilis 

proza. erTi mxridan mas mijnavs masobrivi cnobiereba, 

cxovrebis upirovno, standartuli wesi, meore 

mxridan _ Tavisufal pirovnebaTa samkvidrebeli. 

mxatvruli azris Sinagani dinamika pirvelidan meore 

polusisken aris mimarTuli. mwerali Tvals adevnebs 

masidan pirovnebis gamocalkevebas, masis da individuumis 

dapirispirebas; gviCvenebs Sinaganad damoukidebeli, 

sulierad momwifebuli adamianis Camoyalibebis 

process; eqstremaluri situaciebis meSveobiT sinjavs 

Tavis personaJTa sulis simtkices da sifaqizes, maT 

pirovnul Rirsebas; idealTan miaxloebis romantikuli 

JiniT da amavdroulad sinamdvilis realisturi 

wvdomiT qmnis Tavisufal adamianTa mkveTr, ganumeorebeli 

gamometyvelebis mqone saxeebs. 

guram rCeuliSvilis mxatvruli sinamdvile azris 

saZirkvelze dgas. samyaros, adamianis, adamianTa cxovrebis 

arsisken aris mimarTuli mwerlis analitikuri 

TvalTaxedva. TviT misi metyvelebis stili xan fiqris 

mier aris aforiaqebuli, xan _ fiqris mierve Tvinier 

wesrigSi moyvanili. 

talantis zrda pirvel rigSi azris zrdaa. guram 

rCeuliSvilis mxatvruli azri ki ganuwyvetliv izrdeboda 

da rTuldeboda, sul ufro met simwifes iZenda. 

1986 

273

yvelaze didi vneba 

arian adamianebi, visTvisac WeSmaritebis wvdomis 

moTxovnileba sabediswero vnebaa. sibrmaveSi, sicrueSi 

anda sanaxevro simarTleSi cxovreba maTTvis gausaZlisia, 

imis miuxedavad, rom WeSmaritebis Zieba xSirad 

saxifaTo avantiuras warmoadgens _ yovelTvis SesaZlebelia 

WeSmaritebisken mswrafveli unugeSo sanaxaobis 

an sicarielis winaSe aRmoCndes. 

ìuloni~ aseTi adamianis dawerilia, WeSmaritebis 

daJinebiT maZiebeli mxatvris cnobiswadili igrZnoba 

guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi. 

àr arsebobs vneba azrze didi da SebrunebiT: azri 

aris vnebaTa Soris yvelaze didi vneba!~ _ ambobs 

guram rCeuliSvilis gmiri. vnebadqceuli azri Tu azradqceuli 

vneba is Zalaa, romelic guram rCeuliSvilis 

mxatvrul samyaros qmnis. 

arc ise iSviaTad Cven SeumCnevlad vaigivebT civsisxlian 

gansjismierobas da analitikurobas, viviwyebT, 

rom WeSmaritebis Zieba vnebaa da misi bedic iseve 

winaswarganuWvreteli da Seucnobia, rogorc yvela 

sxva vnebis. 

guram rCeuliSvilis piesis niSandoblivi Tavisebureba 

swored maZiebeli mxatvruli azris moZraobis 

winaswarganuWvretobaa, mxatvruli azris spontanuri 

ganviTarebaa. es aris cda, eqsperimenti da aravin SeiZleba 

icodes, rogori iqneba misi Sedegi. iseTi STabeWdileba 

gveqmneba, rom xorci esxmeba ara ukve mofiqrebul 

koncefcias, aramed TviT koncefciis dabadebis, 

Camoyalibebis mowme varT. Cvens Tvalwin qaosidan 

wvalebiT inakvTeba simarTlis saxe. 

da swored imitom, rom ìuloni~ WeSmaritad analitikuri, 

vnebianad analitikuri nawarmoebia, aris masSi 

iracionaluri, mxolod intuiturad SesagrZnobi elementic. 

es bunebrivic aris _ Tu leqsi, moTxroba, romani, 

piesa samyaros erTgvari modelia, maSin igi samyaros 

msgavsia imiTac, rom srulad Semecnebadi ar 

SeiZleba iyos. 

274

guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi Zlierad Zgers saidumlos, 

iracionaluris gancda, rasac araferi aqvs saer- 

To fsevdomisticizmTan. 

rogorc Cans, daaxloebiT amgvari iyo guram rCeuliSvilis 

principuli esTetikuri poziciac. piesaSi 

vkiTxulobT:`nu vixmarT aq mag sityvas (ideas) ... radgan 

idea ukve sazRvravs raRacas, TiTqos anketas vavsebde 

_ Tema _ ojaxuri tragedia, idea _ ? araferi, araferi 

ar momdis TavSi~; `nawarmoebis konkretuli idea 

aris is Seucnobeli ganwyobileba,romelic qveSecneulad 

moqmedebs mnaxvelze, mkiTxvelze, emateba wveTebad 

mis sakuTar imdroindel ganwyobas da aRrmavebs 

mas...~. 

es `Seucnobeli ganwyobileba~ axlavs rCeuliSvilis 

piesas. mwerali rogorRac Tavidanve qmnis 

SexuTul atmosferos, avismomaswavebeli winaTgrZnobiT 

muxtavs Tavisi nawarmoebis Sinagan sivrces _ 

oTaxs, sadac aTi axalgazrda kaci Sekrebila, raTa 

erT-erTi maTganis piesa dadgan da ganixilon. 

speqtakli piesaSi _ aseTi kompoziciuri xerxiT 

aris agebuli ìuloni~. cxadia, es xerxi guram rCeuli- 

SvilisTvis Tavisi garegnuli efeqturobiT ar aris 

Rirebuli. mis funqcias ar Seadgens realobis iluziis 

pirobiTobiT Canacvleba, miTumetes pirobiTobis meSveobiT 

Tangancdis ise ganeleba, rogorc brextis dramaturgiaSi 

xdeba. saerTo aRnagobiT ìuloni~ mogvagonebs 

luiji pirandelos piesas àvtoris maZiebeli 

eqvsi personaJi~, magram Tu pirandelosTvis arsebiTia 

tradiciuli Teatris formaTa Sinagani daSla da sinamdvilesTan 

maTi Seusabamobis gamovlena, guram rCeuliSvils 

sxva, CvenTvis ufro mtkivneuli safiqrali 

aqvs. piesaSi speqtaklis Setana mas Wirdeba qarTveli 

adamianis artistuli xasiaTis kvlevisTvis, rac uke- 

Tesad unda moxerxdes artistulsave situaciaSi. 

qarTveli rom artistia bunebiT, es araerTxel 

gvsmenia. am banalur mosazrebas guram rCeuliSvili 

mkacri analizis sagnad aqcevs da moulodnel aqcentebs 

uZebnis. 

275

mweralma SeZlo aramarto bevri Rrma da zusti azri, 

dakvirveba gaeziarebina CvenTvis artistizmis fenomenze, 

aramed, rac mTavaria, Tavisi gmirebisTvis Caedga 

artistuli suli, daexata individualobebi, romlebic 

xelSesaxebad warmogvidgenen erovnuli xasia- 

Tis artistizms misi cxovrebiseuli gamovlinebebis 

siuxviT. piesaSi gansja erovnuli xasiaTis Sesaxeb saxeobriv 

azrovnebas aris damorCilebuli, ganuwyvetliv 

mowmdeba personaJTa bunebis, maTi urTierTobis 

warmoCeniT. 

artistizmi guram rCeuliSvilis piesis gmirTa organuli 

Tvisebac aris da maTi ciebcxelebiani refleqsiis 

Temac. 

refleqsia, TviTanalizi rCeuliSvilis piesaSi personaJis 

saxis agebis wamyvani principia, rac iwvevs adamianis 

koncefciis SesamCnev garTulebas. ìuloni~ 

upirveles yovlisa swored amiT aris mniSvnelovani 

literaturuli movlena. adamiani aq warmodgeba rogorc 

mraval fenad daxleCili cnobierebis mqone arseba, 

romelsac Sinagan amouwuraobas aniWebs TviTanalizis 

uCveulod ganviTarebuli unari. mas gamudmebiT 

mxedvelobis areSi hyavs Tavisi Tavi, gamudmebiT cdilobs 

amoicnos sakuTari arseba. TviTanalizis, refleqsiis 

WrilSi ase `dostoevskiseburad~ danaxul adamians 

naklebad icnobs XX saukunis qarTuli literatura 

(yovel SemTxvevaSi, àrapoezia~). 

oRond ramdenadac rCeuliSvilis mier warmosaxuli 

adamiani qarTvelia, refleqsiis unars mis arsebaSi 

xvdeba aseve sisxlxorcSi gamjdari artistizmi. 

da igi itanjeba Tavisi artistizmis gamo, radgan 

misi mZafri survilia iyos bunebrivi da gulwrfeli, 

xolo artistizmi nebiT Tu uneblieT xels uSlis amaSi. 

amitom piesis gmirebis komunikacia gaZnelebulia da 

drodadro absurdulobis STabeWdilebac Cndeba, warmoiqmneba 

gaugebrobebi, ùsagno~ dava, konfliqtebi. 

TviTeuls aRizianebs meoris artistizmi, safrTxes 

xedavs masSi, radgan artistuloba, rCeuliSvilis kon- 

276

cefciiT, uwinaresad yuradRebis centrSi moqcevis 

survilia, rac sxvebis CrdilSi datovebas moaswavebs. 

guram rCeuliSvili gamWoli analiziT aaSkaravebs 

artistizmis fenomenis winaaRmdegobriobas, dialeqtikur 

bunebas. yvelaze moulodneli da mniSvnelovani 

aq is aris, rom atistizmma SeiZleba boroteba warmoSvas, 

codva amravlos. 

artistizms minebebuli, artistizmiT STagonebuli 

Cadis mkvlelobas iuloni: `me meCveneba, rom axla 

oidipos mefesaviT vdgavar Sua scenaze, Tqven ki gamogiSveriaT 

xelebi Cemken da iZaxiT: iulon! iulon! es wami 

aris umaRlesi wertili Cemi damaluli artistulobisa... 

es wami, roca mTeli yuradReba Cemzea momar- 

Tuli, Rirda im codvad, rac me Cavidine da rom SeiZlebodes 

am wamis gameoreba, axlidan Cavidendi im codvas. 

axla me mesmis toreadorisa, romelic CemsaviT dgas 

Sua arenaze, momzadebuli udanaSaulo msxverplis gansagmiravad... 

mTeli cirki misi sicocxlis yovel risks 

bRaviliT xvdeba, da ai, dgeba wami, roca is da xari 

samarisebur siCumeSi uaxlovdebian erTmaneTs, kacis 

xeli, romelsac iaraRi uWiravs da brma rqebi! da xdeba 

is! mkvleloba! mTeli darbazi, rogorc erTi kaci, 

amoiqSinebs da bRavis, yviris: toreador _ to-re-ador! 

me mesmis yurebSi am erTi wamis, mTeli yuradRebis 

wamis dResaswaulebrioba, xmebi iyofian, erTdebian, 

isev iZaxian: iulon! iu-lon! ai, wami Cems cxovrebaSi 

savse da udidesi, idge yuradRebis centrSi...~. 

iulons amoZravebs zepirovnuli Zala, romelsac 

danarCeni personaJebic atareben Sinaganad. amitom ver 

gaasamarTleben isini iulons da amboben, rom igi maTi 

`Zmaa~. 

qarTveli adamiani Znelad urigdeba Tavis umniSvnelobas, 

uCinarobas da TviTdamkvidrebisken, gamorCeulobisken 

da yuradRebis centrisken daJinebulma 

swrafvam is SeiZleba moralis miRma daayenos. Seuvali 

mxatvruli logikiT aris gamovlenili es mware 

WeSmariteba. 

277

magram piesaSi gacxaddeba artistizmis sxva aspeqtebic 

_ igi arsebuliT ukmayofileba da yofnis ufro 

maRal formaTa Ziebac aris, silaRis da pirovnuli 

Rirsebis, adamianebis srulfasovani SekavSirebis gamoxatulebacaa, 

adamianebisadmi siyvarulis gamxelis sa- 

Sualebaa. aseTi artistizmi xorcSesxmulia rCeuliSvilis 

lirikul gmirSi. 

misi saxe cxadyofs, rom `scenaze yofna~, yuradRebis 

centrSi yofna maSin aris gamarTlebuli, Tu artistizmi 

Semoqmedebaa. mwerlis lirikuli gmiris artistizmi 

swored SemoqmedebiTia _ Tavisi TamaSiT, 

artistizmiT is qmnis speqtakls, aSiSvlebs sinamdvilis 

sastik saxes, raTa ganxorcieldes kaTarzisi; egocentruli 

artistizmis alternativaa artistul-SemoqmedebiTi 

energiis axlis qmnadobaSi xarjva... 

Tavisi piesiT guram rCeuliSvilma Segvaxsena, rom 

Cvenma literaturam eris arsebobis Sidaxedebi unda 

gadaxsnas, rom igi unda eZebdes pasuxs mtkivneul kiTxvaze 

_ rogor warmodgeba qarTuli erovnuli xasiaTi 

TanamedroveobaSi. 

guram rCeuliSvilis piesaSi gamovlenilia araerTi 

Tviseba, romlebic am amocanis dasaZlevad aris saWiro 

_ samyaros tragikuli aRqma da sabediswero winaaRmdegobebis 

gamomJRavnebis unari, adamianis fsiqikis 

xlarTebSi SemRwevi mzera, zRvardaudebi marTlismoyvareoba 

da masze damyarebuli humanizmi. 

278 

1983

oTar WilaZe 

sivrcis ori saxe 

oTar WilaZis poeziis urbanistuli xasiaTi upirveles 

yovlisa vlindeba garesinamdvilesTan lirikuli 

gmiris gaucxoebul-gaZnelebul urTierTobaSi, 

rac oTar WilaZis poeturi samyaros sivrcul wyobasac 

aCnevs kvals _ poetis araerT leqsSi `moqmedebis adgils~ 

bina, oTaxi warmoadgens. oTaxi oTar WilaZis 

poeziis myari sivrculi saxea. 

oTaxSi yofna oTar WilaZis poeziis enaze niSnavs 

garesamyarosgan aramxolod fizikur, aramed sulier 

izolirebasac. 

oTaxi mudam aSkarad ar Cans, zogjer uCinrad monawileobs 

samyaros lirikul WvretaSi, mxolod miniSnebulia 

rogorc lirikuli gmiris adgilsamyofeli, rogorc 

optikuri centri, saidanac igi sinamdviles aRiqvams. 

`viT simartovis suli (xiluli) gaSeSebula haerSi 

boli da danasaviT brwyinavs yinuli, ukve ganvlili 

cxovrebis toli. oTxive mxridan miyurebs mTvare, 

sizmris leSiviT agdia Tovli, da yrud gugunebs qalaqi 

gareT, ukve ganvlili cxovrebis toli”. 

`gareT~ aq migvaniSnebs, rom yvelaferi, rasac lirikuli 

gmiri xedavs da ismens, danaxuli da mosmenilia 

daxuruli sivrcidan, distanciidan, rac xilvaTa gaucnaurebul, 

gaucxoebul ierSic mJRavndeba. 

oTaxi rogorc xedvis punqti poeturi aRqmis gaucnaurebis 

sayrdenia aqac: `SarSanac ase daiwyo zustad, 

uceb gadawyda foTlebis saqme da mxolod erTi, yvelaze 

susti, xelisguliviT awveba sarkmels. mococavs 

lurji asfaltis xavsi, SiSvldeba quCa da saxes kargavs 

da gaqvavebul mdinaris msgavsad yvelaze ufro Tavis 

Tavs ar gavs~. 

samyaros aseTi daZabuli da nacnobis ucnobad mqceveli 

xedva damaxasiaTebelia oTar WilaZisTvis da realobisgan 

garkveul siSores gulisxmobs. 

279

Sida da gare sivrceTa dapirispireba msWvalavs 

oTar WilaZis poezias. am dapirispirebis konteqstSi 

`SigniT~ lirikuli gmirisTvis gaTavisebuli garemoa, 

romelic ifaravs mas; `gareT~ moaswavebs imas, rasac 

adamianis sulSi SeSfoTeba, siucxovis grZnoba Seaqvs; 

`SigniT~ specifikurad adamianuri sivrcea, `gareT~ _ 

adamianisTvis arasaimedo. 

Tumca es ori samyaro erTmaneTisTvis Seuvali ar 

aris, isini gavlenas axdenen erTmaneTze. 

`magram zamTarSi Ramdeba adre da Rame SubliT awveba 

karebs, gareT ki amtvrevs prospeqtis Wadrebs ianvris 

qari... da civa gareT~. 

qalaqSi moTareSe miusafrobis suli cdilobs `SigniTac~ 

SeiWras, magram adamiani xelovnebis, musikis 

waylobiT igeriebs pirquS urbanul-industriul sinamdviles 

da TiTqos akeTilSobilebs kidec mas. `da 

mavTulebic raRacas grZnoben, raRacas, dRemde ucnobs 

da saSiSs, da nugeSiviT usmenen Sopens, daWimulebi 

nacrisfer caSi~. 

leqsSic `bavSvi ukravda stumrebis TxovniT~ bina 

da garesamyaro dramatulad upirispirdebian erTmaneTs 

da aqac musika amkvidrebs `SigniT~ sakuTriv adamianur, 

sulieri faseulobebiT ganmtkicebul realobas, 

romelic civ da uRimRamo garerealobas gadaZalavs. 

`quCebSi wvimda~ erT-erTi is leqsia, sadac agreTve 

igrZnoba Sida da gare realobaTa dapirispirebis dramatizmi. 

lirikuli gmiris gaucxoeba gamoixateba misi 

sivrculi SemozRudulobiTac, romelsac garesinamdvile 

utevs: `quCebSi wvimda. me viyav marto, vusmendi 

wvimas da TuTuns vwevdi da oTxkedelSi moqceul far- 

Tobs wvima avsebda sakuTar sevdiT. me Cemi mqonda da 

msurda mSvidad meZebna Cemi sevdis mizezi. magram viRaca 

saxuravs mxdida da Camdioda wvima kiserSi...~. 

leqsi gviCvenebs, Tu rogor ubiZgebs lirikul 

gmirs didi Semoqmedis _ galaktion tabiZis _ daRupva, 

datovos Tavisi martoobis samyofeli da saerTo 

ubedureba gaiziaros. 

280

Tu aq òTxkedelSi moqceuli farTobis~ miRma gasvla 

iZulebiTi aqtia, sxva SemTxvevebSi daxSuli sivrcidan 

gaRweva lirikuli gmiris Rrma sulier moTxovnilebad 

warmodgeba. 

oTar WilaZis lirikuli gmiri ar egueba Tavis siucxoves, 

sinamdvilisgan siSores, intensiurad eZebs 

sakuTari mikrosamyaros gadalaxvis da did samyaros- 

Tan SeerTebis gzebs. aseTi Zieba dapirispirebas `SigniT-gareT~ 

SesamCnevad ucvlis azrs. 

`rodesac civa, rodesac bnela, rodesac mxolod 

qaria gareT, Cems TvalSi fasi eweva melans da sagangebod 

Caketil karebs. jandabas iqiT wyeuli wigni, vis 

raSi unda, rac ukve uTqvamT, me minda Cemi sunTqva da 

fiqri iqces Sens fiqrad, iqces Sens sunTqvad~. 

polaruli wyvili `SigniT-gareT~ cxadad ikveTeba; 

lirikuli gmiri Sidasivrces afarebs Tavs, magram 

oTaxSi yofna amjerad garesinamdvilisgan sulier mowyvetasac 

ki ar niSnavs, aramed am sinamdvilesTan Sinagani 

SekavSirebis cdas aZlevs impulss. daSoreba garesamyarosgan 

masTan gaRrmavebuli urTierTobis wyurvils 

badebs _ Semoqmedebis stimulad iqceva; Semoqmedeba, 

poezia oTar WilaZisTvis martoobis garRveva da 

WeSmariti adamianuri komunikaciis damyarebaa. 

oTar WilaZis lirikuli gmiris gaucxoebas da amave 

dros izolirebis gadalaxvisken mis swrafvas faqizad 

gamoxatavs leqsi `me vkiTxulobdi~. lirikul gmirs 

kvlav garerealobisgan gamijnul arealSi, oTaxSi vxedavT, 

misi ganwyobilebac TiTqos amis Sesatyvisia, magram 

sinamdvileSi es ganwyobileba winaaRmdegobrivi da 

meryevia: `me vkiTxulobdi. momwyinda fiqri da vkiTxulobdi. 

xmamaRla wvimda. sarkmelSi qari arxevda xeebs, 

damZimebulebs xangrZlivi wvimiT... sadRac kiodnen matareblebi, 

gaxveulebi orTqlSi da bolSi, da TiTqos 

viRac idga baqanze, viRac Zalian Zvirfasi CemTvis...~. 

lirikuli gmiris warmosaxva cildeba oTaxis siviwroves 

da garesivrcisken aris mimarTuli. amis mizezi 

Caketilobis daZlevis, samyarosTan ziarebis survilia. 

igi aRmoacenebs ucnobis saxes, romelTanac liri- 

281

kuli gmiri sulier naTesaobas grZnobs _ es aris namdvili 

adamianuri urTierTobis monatreba. 

WeSmariti komunikaciis monatrebaze aranakleb ni- 

Sandoblivia isic, rom ucnobi, visTanac lirikul 

gmirs Sexmianeba surs, ukve gasulia Ria, farTo sivrceSi, 

romelsac rkinigza asaxierebs. 

rkinigza oTar WilaZis poeziis iseTive mudmivi sivrculi 

saxea, rogoric oTaxia. oTaxis da rkinigzis polarul 

saxeTa urTierTmimarTebaSic mJRavndeba oTar 

WilaZis lirikuli gmiris gaucxoebuli fsiqologia da 

amasTanave misi daZlevis energiuli mcdeloba. 

am saxeebiT gamoxatul msoflmimarTebaTa Sejaxebaa 

aRbeWdili leqsSi `muSebs moqondaT sila da kiri~. 

lirikuli gmirisTvis maT Soris arCevanis gakeTeba 

ioli ar aris, misi arCevani TandaTan mwifdeba. garesamyaros 

xedebi Tvals staceben mas, sinamdvile Tavisi maradiuli 

siaxliT warmoudgeba mis mzeras. `dro gadioda 

da zamTris pirze tye SiSvldeboda uxmod da 

uceb. mere amayad yvaoda isev da imagrebda fesvebs da 

yunwebs~. sicocxlis moZraobis am suraTTan kontrasts 

qmnis lirikuli gmiris gaxeveba daxSul sivrce- 

Si, magram es izolirebuli uZraoba sisxlsavse cxovrebidan 

moRweuli xmebiT iryeva. 

`da sadgurebi isev kiodnen da naTdebodnen bnelSi 

fanjrebi, dro ki brazobda da gadioda mxolod imitom, 

rom ver vamCnevdi. me kvlav xelebSi vmalavdi saxes 

da vuyruebdi sadguris Zaxils da miyveboda uCinar 

arxebs aTasnairad daRlili xalxi~. 

Tumca lirikuli gmiri ewinaaRmdegeba garesinamdvilis 

eqspansias, mainc did samyaroSi gaRwevis neba 

mZlavrobs. `da ukve vgrZnobdi, rom Cemi sulic gaibneoda 

am kedlebs Soris da Seyvarebul biWiviT sulels 

gamitacebda sadguris boli.~ 

`sadguris boli~ qveynierebasTan Sesaxvedrad waiyvans 

oTar WilaZis lirikul gmirs, rkinigza mas samyaros, 

yofierebis sisavsesTan da mravalferovnebasTan 

aerTebs. 

1984 

282

esik xaranauli 

azris silaRe 

poetis wignze, krebulze msjeloba, albaT, mxolod 

maSin Rirs, Tuki masSi sistemuri mTlianobis migneba 

moxerxdeba. 

ra Tqma unda, mTlianobac sxvadasxvagvaria: enobriv-stiluri, 

intonaciuri, Tematuri... mainc yvelaze 

Zneli da yvelaze Rirebulic poetis mier msoflxedvis 

erTianobis mopovebaa, samyaros da adamianis erTiani 

koncefciis gamokveTaa. 

besik xaranaulis wignSi _ leqsebi, `merani~, 1979 _ 

gaerTianebul nawarmoebebs datanebuli aqvT siRrmiseuli, 

gamamTlianebeli konceptualuri samagri, ramdenadac 

wignis centrSi dgas lirikuli gmiri, romelsac 

daxSvia samyaros wesrigTan ziarebis saukuneobiT 

nacadi gza _ SemTxveviT ar ixsneba krebuli vrceli 

poeturi monologiT `sircxvilis Semdeg~, laitmotivad 

rom gasdevs: `ratom damiviwye me, mariam...~; igi 

cxovrobs ara ueWveli, mtkiced dadgenili orientirebis 

da faseulobebis imedad, aramed iZulebulia yoveldRiurad 

TviTon, damoukideblad eZebos adamianuri 

arsebobis daxlarTul sirTuleSi garkvevis, realobaSi 

adamianurad damkvidrebis SesaZlebloba. calkeul 

nawarmoebs emCneva am sulieri da eTikuri situaciis, 

individualurad misakvlev orientirebze fiqris 

ganuwyveteli procesis anabeWdi. yoveli mniSvnelovani 

leqsi samyaroSi damoukidebeli, Zneli TviTdafuZnebis 

cnobieri aqtis, egzistencialuri arCevanis anatvifria. 

besik xaranaulisTvis poeziis zeamocana samyaroSi 

sicxadis Setana da imis aRmoCenaa, razec adamians 

dandoba SeeZleba. 

besik xaranaulis poeturi xma daRlilobiT aris 

gamsWvaluli. es aris gamWvirvale sazrisis gareSe dar- 

Cenil samyaroSi Cavardnilis daRliloba, romelic mu- 

283

dam Tavidan unda ecados sakuTari yofnis gamarTlebas. 

besik xaranaulis intonacia realobis labirinTSi 

xetialiT gabezrebulis imedgacruebad gaismis, masSi 

cdomilebaTa namsxvrevebiT mokirwyluli Semecnebis 

gzis gamomvlelis sayveduri Tu sinanulia CaRvrili... 

Tumca besik xaranaulis metyvelebis daRlili elegiuri 

toni garkveuli TvalsazrisiT `pozac~ aris, _ 

cnobierad arCeuli da SenarCunebuli _ es Semoqmedis, 

mxatvris `cbierebaa~, romelic mas TamaSis da niRbisken 

ubiZgebs... 

besik xaranaulis leqsSi TviT intonaciuri wyobaa 

saazrovnod momarTuli, fiqris aRmomcenebeli. melanqoliiT 

Seferili melodia, metwilad mdore, uxaliso 

ritmi azrovnebis mtkivneuli procesis aramarto adekvaturi 

mxatvruli materializebaa, aramed Tavis mxrivac 

axdens poeturi gansjis `provocirebas~; Seicavs 

mis aRmZvrel da macocxlebel farul stimulebs, zedmiwevniT 

Sesaferis `garemos~ warmoadgens azris Zaldautanebeli 

ganviTarebis da momwifebisTvis. 

besik xaranaulis intonaciis, saerTod poetikis bunebis 

ZiriTadi msazRvreli ironiaa. 

gaucinari, pirquSi, Tumca Semwynarebeli ironia da 

TviTironia besik xaranaulis poezias Zveli, Cakiruli 

tkiviliT aJRerebs, igi sulier iaraTa gamJRavnebis 

daxvewili, inteleqtualizebuli formaa. 

amasTanave besik xaranaulisTvis ironia magnitia 

poeziasTan sinamdvilis misazidad, misaaxloeblad. misi 

meSveobiT aRiZvreba mxatvruli STabeWdileba, rom 

TiTqos cxovrebis xorklian garss vaxebT xels. `xis 

ZirSi _ katis cindalebi Wreli yvavilebiviT, TiTqos 

ki ar Sobes, arwyies. diasaxlisma gadmoyara, magram 

Ramem piri ar axlo~. 

ironiis daxmarebiT isxams xorcs besik xaranaulis 

swrafva lirikuli egocentrizmis gadalaxvisken. ironia, 

molodinis sawinaaRmdegod, ki ar zrdis distancias 

poets da sinamdviles Soris, piriqiT, erTmaneTs 

Seajaxebs maT. 

284

ironias ukavSirdeba besik xaranaulis poetikis er- 

Ti gamorCeuli Taviseburebac. 

besik xaranaulis saxeebs, Sedarebebs, asociaciebs 

ara aqvT ucdomeli sizustis, saganTa da movlenaTa 

ueWveli msgavsebis aRmoCenis pretenzia. isini TiTqos 

moicaven sakuTar SesaZleblobaTa SezRudulobis 

cnobierebas, TiTqos TviTironiiT arian aRWurvili da 

es icavs maT banalobis da gaqvavebisgan, axal suls 

Caudgams mxatvruli sicocxlisTvis. poets maincdamainc 

ar sjera tropis ùsusuri feTqebadobis~ (pol 

valeri) da mis pirobiTobas aaSkaravebs. amis Sedegad 

azri Tu grZnoba uCveulo simarTles da sinedles 

iZens. amgvar asociaciaTa Wavlebs xaranaulis lirika- 

Si Tan moyveba specifikuri poeturi Tavisufleba: isini 

warmoSoben STabeWdilebas, rom mowme varT uzrunveli 

esTetikuri TamaSis, saxeobrivi metyvelebis sakuTriv 

procesiT gamowveuli tkbobis. `...cotac da 

mSoblebi, romlebmac gazardes da maswavleblebi, romlebic 

wvrTidnen, fetvis marcvlebiviT gadauyrian 

maT Tavs cxovrebas, ara, varskvlavebad ar ikiafeben! 

fetvis marcvlebiviT, fetvis marcvlebiviT, fetvis 

marcvlebiviT gadauyrian imaT cxovrebas...~. poeti agemovnebs 

TviTeul sityvas Tu frazas, TiTqos eZneleba 

masTan ganSoreba, artistulad eTamaSeba enis stiqias. 

es momenti gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani da faseulia, 

radgan mkiTxvelis mier verlibris esTetikur fenomenad 

aRqma ufro Znelad misaRwevia, vidre _ tradiciuli 

leqsis, sadac ukve metri adasturebs, rom 

Cvens winaa ara Cveulebrivi gamonaTqvami, aramed mxatvruli 

sityvieri qsovili. Tavisufal leqsSi ki aucilebelia 

gansakuTrebuli mcdeloba, raTa igi sasaubro, 

yoveldRiur metyvelebasTan mimsgavsebis Sedegad ar 

moirRves da daqveiTdes, ar iqces uRimRamo yofiT 

laparakad... 

besik xaranaulis lirikaSi ironia gonebismier sawyiss 

gadascems im Zalmosilebas da SeuzRudaobas, romelic 

saerTod emociis poetur gamovlinebaTaTvis 

aris niSandoblivi. ironia aniWebs xaranaulis liri- 

285

kul gmirs TviTflobis SenarCunebis saSualebas, misi 

wyalobiT gonebis Tvali amayad, TavdajerebiT dascqeris 

yovelive impulsurs... poeziaSi xSirad gvigvrZnia 

miamitobis mSveniereba, magram iqneb masSi naklebad 

momxiblavi ar iyos àramiamitoba~ _ cnobierebis ukiduresi 

sifxizle da simkacre, misi mousyidveli skepticizmi 

mzeris dambindvelis mimarT, azris unari, 

stoikurad moigerios grZnobad impulsTa Semotevebi. 

besik xaranaulis poeziaSi Zlier emocias aRkveTili 

aqvs dauokebloba; igi azris nadavladaa qceuli _ 

saguldagulo analitikuri dakvirvebis sagani xdeba. 

xaranaulis poeziis xibls bevrad ganapirobebs emociis 

da gonebis dinamiuri urTierTmimarTeba, romlis arsi 

is aris, rom ironiiT aRWurvili azri TandaTan, faruli 

netarebiT, TavSekavebuli silaRiT da artistizmiT 

imorCilebs grZnobismier elements... 

amasTan erTad besik xaranaulis poeziaSi Rrmad 

aris aRbeWdili amouxsnelis da, SeiZleba iTqvas, saswaulebrivis 

gancda, oRond igi ramdenadme garidebulia 

Tavisi gamovlenis agznebul spontanurobas da sinamdvilis 

ironiul-analitikur WvretasTan aris SeuRlebuli. 

Cven SeCveuli varT verlibris rogorc racionalistur 

xedvasTan misadagebuli saleqso konstruqciis 

daxasiaTebas, sadac yvelaferi bolomde gaazrebulia, 

gacnobierebulia. magram besik xaranaulis poezia- 

Si xSirad adamianuri arsebobis iseTi waxnagebia Tval- 

Sevlebuli, romlebic mxolod poeturi intuiciiT 

miiwvdomeba. 

besik xaranaulis leqsi, winare simbolisturi poetikis 

sapirispirod, logikurad naTeli da fxizelia, 

sizmareulad meryev atmosferoSi ar aris gaxveuli da 

mainc xSirad erTbaSad ver ipovi masSi Camarxul azrs, 

misi Sinagani arsi ewinaaRmdegeba erTmniSvnelovan gagebas, 

radgan es aris samyaros usasrulo idumalebis 

gamokrToma. 

oRond sinamdvilis yofiT, prozaul ganzomilebas 

besik xaranauli arc aseT SemTxvevebSi wydeba. `kartofilis 

amoReba~ poetis meTodis gamxelac aris, poetis, 

286

omelic moTminebiT asrulebs `Sav samuSaos~, ar Takilobs 

`dRiuri prozis~ fenebis amobrunebas, radgan 

icis, miwis belts SeiZleba anazdad iseTi ram moyves, 

risTvisac Rirda garja da yofaSi yofiereba gamomzeurdes. 

`Seni sunTqva SerCa Cems xelisguls, rodesac 

pirs gimuwavdi gamwarebuli, radganac Sen iZaxodi sa- 

Sinel sityvebs, sityvebs, romlebic maSinebdnen mTeli 

sicocxle. da me, damfrTxali da miwasTan gasworebuli, 

yurebs ki ar vigmanavdi im sityvebisTvis, Sens pirs 

vasresdi. da ai, ra movimoqmede! Seni sunTqva SerCa Cems 

xelisguls...~. 

yoveldRiurobis mtvriT dafaruli da yoveldRiurobaze 

amamaRlebeli WeSmaritebis Ziebis paTosi icavs 

besik xaranauls erTi safrTxisgan, romelic uwinaresad 

Tavisufal leqss axlavs. 

verlibrSi gansakuTrebiT mkafiod vlindeba lirikuli 

gmiris demokratizaciis tendencia, saerTod damaxasiaTebeli 

Tanamedrove poeziisTvis. dRes poets 

sul ufro xSirad aqvs Camoclili gamorCeulobis Saravandedi, 

sul ufro xSirad Camodis igi naTelmxilvelis 

da qadagis kvarcxlbekidan da Cveulebriv adamians 

uaxlovdeba. magram xdeba isec, rom miaxloeba igiveobad 

iqceva da leqsSi ordinarul subieqts vxvdebiT, im 

pirovnebis nacvlad, romelSic raRac iSviaTma da 

Zvirfasma gaiRviZa. 

besik xaranauls aridebuli aqvs am tendenciis arasasurveli 

Sedegebi, radgan ar iviwyebs poeziis mizans, 

romelsac aleqsandr bloki ase gansazRvravs: `saSualoadamianurze 

raRac ufro sainteresos mopoveba 

adamianTa cxovrebis mdare gamonadnobis grovaSi~. 

1981 

287

jemal qarCxaZe 

Tavisufal pirovnebad yofna 

mizandasaxulad Tu spontanurad yvela mwerali Tavisi 

qveynis da xalxis xats qmnis da mwerlis Sefasebis 

erT-erTi sando kriteriumi isic aris, Tu ramdenad 

saintereso da metyvelia, WeSmaritia es xati. amasTanave, 

rac ufro metad uRrmavdeba literatura nacionalur 

sinamdviles, miT ufro universaluri xdeba igi 

Tavisi mniSvnelobiT. 

jemal qarCxaZe iyo qarTuli sazogadoebis, saqarTvelos 

SesaniSnavi mxatvari-analitikosi, romlis Semoqmedeba 

gvexmareba Cveni erovnuli raobis SecnobaSi. 

mis prozaSi literaturis umTavresi kiTxva _ ra aris 

adamiani _ gaiazreba rogorc kiTxva qarTveli adamianis 

bunebis Taobaze da piruku. 

jemal qarCxaZisTvis damaxasiaTebelma realobis Ca- 

Ziebulma kritikul-analitikurma xedvam yvelaze srulyofili 

gamoxatuleba mis mier meoce saukunis oTxmocian 

wlebSi daweril nawarmoebebSi pova. man mwvaved 

igrZno qarTuli sazogadoebis sulieri, zneobrivi 

krizisi da ganaxorciela misi utyuari mxatvruli 

analizi. 

ironia, romelic yovelTvis niSandoblivi iyo 

jemal qarCxaZis TvalTaxedvis da stilisTvis, gansakuTrebul 

sibasres da elvarebas iZens vrcel moTxrobebSi 

`solomoniani~, `gube~, ìupiteris sinanuli~. 

am nawarmoebTa personaJebi eqcevian daundoblad Zlieri 

mxatvruli ganaTebis areSi da absoluturad gam- 

Wvirvaleebi xdebian. 

aq Rrmad aris gaxsnili Tema, romelic jemal 

qarCxaZes yvelaze metad ainteresebda _ adamianSi 

pirovnebis dabadeba Tu verdabadeba. 

`gubeSi~ avtori TiTqos jojoxeTs gamoatarebs Tavis 

personaJs, romlis brma sulSic egoizmi, sixarbe, 

288

jibri, mewvrilmaneoba fuTfuTebs _ man mtkivneuli 

dartymebi unda miiRos, raTa Tvali aexilos, dainaxos 

mTeli Tavisi ubadrukoba, Sinagani siRatake, Tavisi 

arsebobis idioturoba. moTxroba warmogvidgeba egoisturi, 

TavisTavSi daxSuli, sicocxlis sufTa wyaroebs 

mowyvetili cnobierebis Semzarav mxatvrul fenomenologiad. 

pirovnebad ver iqceva `solomonianis~ gmiri, patrioti 

da wesieri kaci, romelmac verasdros ver SeZlo 

Tavisi nebis da azris damkvidreba da icxovra ara mis 

mier arCeuli, aramed sxvebisgan Tavsmoxveuli cxovrebiT. 

igi ver acnobierebs, rom misi saTayvanebeli ilia 

WavWavaZe pirvel rigSi Tavisufali pirovneba iyo da 

ilias mimdevroba uwinares yovlisa Tavisufal pirovnebad 

yofnas niSnavs. brwyinvale ironiiT ixateba, rogor 

gamoutans ulmobel ganaCens, rogor `Camowers~ 

moTxrobis sulierad SezRudul, SeboWil personaJs 

istoria, romlis axali etapic mkacrad moiTxovs, rom 

qarTuli patriotizmi Tavisufali pirovnebis ideas 

daemyaros da Tavisi inteleqtualuri, kulturuli 

Tvalsawieri gaifarTovos. 

pirovnulobis mTavari mowinaaRmdege, jemal qarCxaZis 

TvalTaxedviT, aris siyalbe, niRbosnoba. iseT 

niRbosans, rogoric aris neroni ìupiteris sinanul- 

Si~, mxolod pirovnebad yofnis TamaSi SeuZlia, namdvilad 

mniSvnelovani da saintereso pirovneba is ver 

iqneba. fsevdopirovnebisTvis miuwvdomelia pirovnuli 

sawyisis damamkvidrebeli iseTi Zireuli fenomenebi, 

rogorebicaa siyvaruli da Semoqmedeba. neroni 

cdilobs TviT sicrue aqcios Semoqmedebad, xelovnebad, 

magram es `xelovneba~ pirdapiri, uxeSi Zaladobis 

daxmarebis gareSe sruliad araefeqtiania. jemal 

qarCxaZis mier daxatuli artistuli tirani Sinaganad 

ubadrukia, sakuTari arasrulfasovnebis faruli 

grZnobiT gamoRrRnili, namdvili adamianuri faseulobebisadmi 

brma. misi siZliere sxvebis sisusteebis 

SemCnevis da gamoyenebis unari da sxvaTa tkivilis gancdis 

uunarobaa. bevrisSemZleobis miuxedavad Tavisi 

289

arsiT igi araraobaa, riTac ziuskindis `parfiumeris~ 

mTavar gmirs gvagonebs. 

siyalbe imitom aris pirovnuli sawyisis CamxSobi, 

rom pirovneba upirvelesad WeSmaritebis Ziebis, damkvidrebis, 

WeSmariti yofnis nebaa. aseTia ìgis~ gmiri, 

pirveli pirovneba dedamiwaze, romlis dabadebis saswaulic 

siyvarulis da Semoqmedebis stiqiaTa Zalebis 

mier xorcieldeba da romelsac mwerali pirvelyofili 

adamianis samyaros uCveulod damajerebeli da 

STambeWdavi gacocxlebiT warmosaxavs. es gmiri agnebs 

adamianuri yofierebis WeSmarit wess da ar SeuZlia, 

radac unda daujdes, am wesis Sesatyvisad ar iarsebos, 

ar gamoamJRavnos da daamkvidros is, rac aRmoaCina _ 

mas Rrma sulieri naTesaoba akavSirebs vaJa-fSavelas 

gmirebTan. 

WeSmaritebasTan TanxmierebaSi yofnis aseTive neba 

warmarTavs àntoniosa da daviTis~ erT-erTi mTavari 

personaJis, evropeli adamianis arsebobasac. misi Semoyvana 

qarTul sinamdvileSi saSualebas aZlevs mwerals 

gviCvenos am sinamdvilis sulier-zneobrivi substanciis 

daSlis Sidaxedi, sinamdvilis, romelic uwinaresad 

swored pirovnebis Tavisuflebas da TviTrealizebas, 

Tavisufal pirovnul aqtTa ganxorcielebas 

ewinaaRmdegeba. 

jemal qarCxaZe TviTon iyo adamiani, romelmac 

Tavisufal pirovnebad yofnis siZnele daZlia. da sanam 

SegviZlia pativs mivagebdeT aseT adamianebs, sanam SegviZlia 

is simarTle gaviTavisoT, romelic maT qarTuli 

samyaros Sesaxeb gagvimJRavnes, gvrCeba Sansi am 

samyaroSi raRac sasikeTod SevcvaloT. 

290 

2000


drois siRrmidan Cvenamde 

qarTul literaturas, sadac yvelaze koncentrirebulad 

da TvalsaCinod aris gamoxatuli misi Semqmneli 

xalxis msoflmxedveloba, drois siRrmidan 

Cvens dromde moyveba am msoflmxedvelobis erT-erTi 

laitmotivi _ samyarosadmi adamianis aqtiuri, SemoqmedebiTi, 

ganmaaxlebeli damokidebuleba. 

misi pirvelive reliefuri gacxadeba miTufro 

STambeWdavia, rom momxdaria iq, sadac TiTqos naklebad 

aris mosalodneli _ agiografiul nawarmoebSi. 

`grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ mTavari gmiris religiuri 

aRmafrena masStabur da intensiur aRmSeneblobaSia 

ganivTebuli. grigols, SemoqmedebiTi suliT dajildoebul 

da axlismaZiebel adamians, izidavs ucxo, 

Zneli da winaaRmdegobis gamwevi garemo, romelsac 

Tavisi mZlavri nebisyofiT aTvinierebs. is Seupovari 

TanmimdevrulobiT aqcevs udabur ares sulis sacxovrisad, 

sulierad ipyrobs ucnob sivrces. ukacrieli, 

veluri bunebis moSinaureba, materiis urCobis, adamianTa 

yofis qaoturobis daZleva da axali, srulfasovani 

realobis aRmSenebloba `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ 

warmodgeba rogorc RmerTis Semoqmedebis 

gamgrZelebeli adamianis Rirseba. grigol xanZTeli ùdabnoTa 

qalaqmyofelia~ _ samyaros srulmqmneli, misTvis 

organizebuli saxis mimniWebeli, mouwesrigebel sinamdvileSi 

zneobrivi da socialuri wesrigis damamyarebeli. 

avTandili, romelic qarTuli literaturis centralur 

personaJad SeiZleba miviCnioT, Tumca aSkarad 

gansxvavdeba merCules mier monumenturad gamoqandakebuli 

asketisgan, magram garkveuli TvalsazrisiT 

misi memkvidrec aris: samyarosadmi aqtiur-SemoqmedebiTi, 

gardamqmneli mimarTeba maT saziaro aqvT. 

oRond avTandilis moZraobis da aqtivobis sivrce ukve 

usazRvrod gafarToebulia, mTel qveynierebas itevs. 

291

igi gamsWvalulia ucxos da ucnobis Secnobis axleburi 

ganwyobiT. aqtiuroba da dinamiuroba avTandilis 

bunebrivi Tvisebebia, magram misi qmedeba Sesatyvisi, 

mkafiod gacnobierebuli da formulirebuli msoflmxedvelobrivi 

mrwamsiTac aris warmarTuli. es aris 

aqtivizmis filosofia (àra viqm, codna ras margebs 

filosofosTa brZnobisa~). avTandili cvlis, srulyofs 

samyaros Tavisi idealuri warmodgenebis Sesaferisad. 

mas surs Seqmnas is, rac adre ar arsebobda, anda 

arsebobda da dairRva _ yovlismomcveli harmonia. 

literaturis mkvlevarebs SemCneuli aqvT garkveuli 

Tanxvedra `merans~ da `vefxistyaosans~ Soris, 

msgavseba `meranis~ gmirs da avTandils Soris, romelic 

moicavs calkeul saxeebs da motivebs. magram aq SeiniSneba 

ufro Rrma da arsebiTi erTianobac, samyarosadmi 

aqtiuri, gardamqmneli damokidebulebis erTnairi 

aRiareba adamianuri yofierebis Zireul principad. 

`meranis~ gmiris msxverplgamRebi aqtivoba gamiznulia 

ukeTesi samyaros dasafuZneblad, sadac adamianis Tavisufleba 

Zlevs bedisweras, am aqtivobis mZlavri stimulia 

samyaros srulyofis vneba. es gmiri TiTqos gamouval 

viTarebaSi aRmoCenili avTandilia, xolo misi 

msoflmimarTeba tragikuli aspeqtiT gamJRavnebuli 

avTandilis msoflmimarTebaa, romelic moiTxovs samyaros 

srulyofis cdas Tundac TavisSewirvis fasad. 

ilia WavWavaZiseuli Tergis saxe `meranTan~ genetikurad 

Cans dakavSirebuli. oRond ilia rogorc realisti 

ukve mTlianad cxovrebas, obieqtur realobas 

gaiazrebs energiul, SeuCerebel aqtivobad. Tergis 

xati iliasTvis adamianuri arsebobis WeSmariti wesis 

ganmsazRvreli paradigmaa, romelic gulisxmobs samyarosadmi 

daudgromlad qmediT mimarTebas. es paradigma 

ganxorcielda TviT ilias moRvaweobaSi _ gaxevebuli 

qarTuli sinamdvilis sasikeTod gardaqmnis, ganaxlebis 

nayofier da amave dros tragikul cdaSi. 

samyaros srulyofisken mimarTuli aqtivoba umaRles 

zneobriv da esTetikur faseulobad warmodgeba 

vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi. es upirveles yovlisa 

292

exeba aluda qeTelauris saxes. dakanonebul da amdenad 

SeumCnevel borotebaSi Cafluli garemos eTikur WeSmaritebaTa 

Sesatyvisad gardaqmnis, srulqmnis moTxovnilebiT 

aRZruli aludas aqtivoba fatalurad Seejaxeba 

masis sulier inertulobas _ Tu baraTaSvilis 

`meranSi~ samyaros gardasaxvisken swrafvis CamxSobi 

bediswera abstraqtulia, vaJas epikur poeziaSi igi konkretdeba 

rogorc masis gadaulaxavi Sinagani uZraoba... 

aqtivizmis rogorc samyarosTan damokidebulebis 

principis moulodnel gansaxierebas vpovebT vaJas miniaturaSi 

`mTani maRalni~. TiTqos miwas daSorebuli 

mTebi uSfoTvel TviTWvretaSi unda iyvnen CaZiruli, 

magram maTi statikuroba gamZafrebul sulier aqtivobas 

faravs. mTebis dausrulebeli molodini niSnavs 

sulis daZabul ltolvas siaxlisken, jer Seucnobis 

Secnobisken _ ùnaxavis danaxvisken~. 

sulieri xasiaTisaa mZafri aqtivoba galaktionis 

`lurja cxenebSic~, misi masazrdoebeli agreTve ùnaxavis 

danaxvis~ Jinia. lurja cxenebis saxe simbolurad 

gamoxatavs SemoqmedebiTi cnobierebis daudgromlobas, 

SemoqmedebiTi fantaziis ganuwyvetel aqtivobas, 

romelic yofierebis axal-axal fenebs wvdeba da eufleba, 

sikvdilis fenomensac ganWvrets da gamudmebiT 

afarToebs Secnobilis sazRvrebs. sazrisgamoclili, 

saSineli samyaros pirispir, sadac sikvdili batonobs, 

pirovnebis arsebobis gamarTlebaa produqtiuli Sinagani 

aqtivoba, imis miuxedavad, rom igi samyaros praqtikulad 

ver gardaqmnis. 

guram rCeuliSvilis àlaverdobaSi~ samyarosadmi 

aqtiuri damokidebuleba xorcSesasxmelad konkretul 

-empiriul sinamdviles ubrundeba. àlaverdobis~ gmiri 

amkvidrebs SemoqmedebiTi Sromis umaRles faseulobas, 

romelic srulyofs samyaros da adamians sulieri 

uZraobisgan, sulieri sikvdilisgan icavs. SemoqmedebiTi 

Sroma sakraluri fenomenia, romelic adamianis 

arsebobas azriT da sicocxlis Zlieri nebiT, sicocxlis 

sixaruliT msWvalavs da romlis meSveobiTac adamiani 

samyaroSi adamianur wesrigs afuZnebs; namdvili, 

293

Rrma religiuroba vlindeba axlis qmnadobaSi, aRmSeneblobaSi, 

samyaros srulqmnis ganuwyvetel cdaSi. 

meaTe saukunis agiografiul nawarmoebs, `grigol 

xanZTelis cxovrebas~ da meoce saukuneSi daweril 

moTxrobas aerTianebs aRmSeneblobis, samyaros srulmyofeli 

aqtivobis momxibvlelobis Rrma gancda. 

im niSnebs Soris, romlebic qarTul kulturas dasavlurTan 

aaxloebs, erT-erTi ZiriTadi swored samyarosadmi 

aqtiur-SemoqmedebiTi mimarTebis maRal faseulobad 

dasaxvaa _ dasavleTi Tavidanve imas eswrafis, 

rom àramxolod Wvretdes WeSmaritebas idealebis 

samefoSi, aramed ganaxorcielos kidec igi, ideis 

meSveobiT aamaRlos sinamdvile aucilebel donemde. 

dasavleTi darwmunebulia, rom man samyaros formireba 

unda moaxdinos~ (k. iaspersi). 

saqarTvelos yofierebis tragizms istoriulad 

isic Seadgenda, rom qarTveli xalxis msoflmxedvelobis 

da faseulobaTa sistemis arsebiTi sawyisi _ 

samyarosadmi aqtiuri, srulmqmneli mimarTeba ver povebda 

SesaZleblobas, adekvaturi sisavsiT ganxorcielebuliyo 

kulturaSi da socialur cxovrebaSi. damaxasiaTebelia, 

rom `vefxistyaosnis~ Semdeg samyarosadmi 

aqtiur-gardamqmneli damokidebulebis mxatvrul 

gansaxierebaTa mTavar tonalobad dramatizmi an 

tragizmi iqceva, rac am principis sinamdvileSi realizebis 

did siZneles ireklavs. magram nacionalur msoflgagebaSi 

Semonaxuli, mxatvrul kulturaSi saukuneTa sigr- 

Zeze Tanmimdevrulad da mkveTrad aRbeWdili mimarTeba 

samyarosTan mainc cxovelmyofelobas avlenda. is, rom 

Cvens msoflmxedvelobaSi samyarosadmi aqtiuri da srulmyofeli 

damokidebuleba adamianisTvis Rirsebis mimni- 

Webel faseulobad aris aRiarebuli, aqezebda SemoqmedebiTi 

bunebis adamianebs, aRvivebda maT SesaZleblobebs. 

saqarTvelos Semdgomi arsebobis raoba bevrad iqneba 

damokidebuli imaze, Tu samyarosadmi srulmqmneli 

mimarTeba ramdenad SeZlebs damkvidrebas da 

TavisTavis realizebas Cvens krizisul sinamdvileSi. 

4 

1993 

294

stadiebi 

ama Tu im drois raoba gansakuTrebuli TvalsaCinoebiT 

aSkaravdeba mis binadar saSualo, rigiT adamianSi. 

sagulisxmo azrs Seicavs moriakis gamonaTqvami, rom 

`kacobrioba mis Sua mdinarebaSi unda SeviswavloT~. 

personaJebi, romelTa Sesaxebac vapirebT saubars, 

saSualo adamianebi arian, zogi ki sulac `patara adamianis~ 

kategorias SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT, magram maTi 

xasiaTi, cxovreba, bedi sakmaod bevrismTqmelia sxvadasxva 

periodis qarTuli sazogadoebis sulier da 

zneobriv mdgomareobaze, qveynis da xalxis bedze. isini 

ganasaxiereben qarTveli adamianis erovnuli, socialur-politikuri 

da sulieri daTrgunvis sxvadasxva 

stadiebs, amgvar daTrgunvaze saSualo qarTvelis 

reagirebebs. 

personaJTa am mwkrivis saTaveSi vaJa-fSavelas moTxrobis 

`bagrat zaxariCis sikvdilis~ gmiri SeiZleba 

warmovidginoT. vaJas heroikul-tragikul, zedroul 

samyaroSi igi ucxod gamoiyureba, radgan XIX saukunis 

miwurulis uRimRamo qarTul sinamdviles uSualod 

ireklavs. `bagrat zaxariCis sikvdilSi~ vaJa satirikosad 

gvevlineba da Tumca rogorc yovelTvis Sembrale 

da gamgebia, amiT satiris sicxare ar neldeba. 

mtknari da carielia Cinovnikis cxovreba. es sicariele 

sruli iqneboda da bagrat zaxariCis kmayofil 

arsebobas araferi aamRvrevda, rom ara SiSi _ ufrosis 

ganawyenebis da samsaxuridan daTxovnis SiSi, romelic 

arasdros Sordeba, sizmrebsac uwamlavs da ufrosis, 

aleqsandr nikitiCis risxvas alandebs, xmamaRal 

laparaks da sicils gadaaCvevs. amis gamo, bunebrivia, 

is sanimuSod bejiTi da gamgone muSakia, aris ùmdables 

balaxTa da umSvides wyalTa~. mokled, kancelariis 

moxele bagrat qavTaraSvili gogolis baSmaCkinis 

qarTveli moZmea. magram saqmec isaa, rom qarTvelia: 

garegnulad darbaislur iers imosavs, romelic RirsebasTan 

erTad rogorRac damjere keTilgonierebasac 

gamoxatavs. ojaxSi ki bagrat zaxariCis garegnuli Rir- 

295

seba TiTqos realur Sinaarssac iZens _ Sinaurebi pativs 

cemen. esaa im SiSis da uxmo morCilebis Taviseburi 

kompensacia, romelic samsaxurSi misi xvedria. anderZi, 

bagrat zaxariCi cols rom ubarebs, amgvari kompensaciis 

gazrdis da gaxangrZlivebis cdaa, imis sikvdilis 

Semdegac anazRaurebis cda, rac cxovrebaSi ase 

aklia. `Tu amas aasruleb, me mkvdari ar viqnebi, aramed 

cocxali. xom ici, Cemo elene, samsaxuridan ramden 

saaTzedac vbrundebodi. Cems sakuTar savarZelze aravin 

dajdes, naSuadRevis sam saaTze gamoitaneT xolme 

Cemi portreti da daasveneT savarZelze, _ win qa- 

Raldebi dauwyeT da TviTonac ise moawyveT portreti, 

rom qaRaldebSi Caicqirebodes. frTxilad, frTxilad 

adeqiT da TiTis wverebze gaiar-gamoiareT, geSinodesT, 

xaTri gqondesT Cemis portretisa, rogorc Cemi 

xaTri gqondaT...~. 

es kuriozuli anderZi damcirebuli Rirsebis, pativayrilobis 

miCqmalul tkivils amxels da vaJas 

gmirs individualur gamometyvelebas aniWebs, satiras 

_ tragikomikur tonalobas. 

vaJa xatavs ucxoTa gamgeblobasTan savsebiT Serigebuli 

adamianis tips, romelic ise Sezrdia ruseTis 

saxelmwifos biurokratiul sistemas, rom sxvanairad 

cxovreba ubralod ver warmoudgenia. es misTvis bunebrivi 

yofaa da protestis grZnobas ar aRuZravs. is umweod 

cdilobs faruli wuxilis daamebas, Rirsebis, 

respeqtabelobis ubadruk imitaciaSi imaleba. 

dacemuli nacionaluri yofierebisadmi saSualo 

adamianis sxvanairi, gamwvavebuli damokidebuleba warmoCndeba 

niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi `sizmrebi~, 

romelic imperiis ngrevis win, 1916 wels daiwera. am 

moTxrobaSi STambeWdavi xatovanebiT aris ametyvelebuli 

sazogadoebis Secvlili, aforiaqebuli sulieri 

ganwyoba. 

fsiqiatriuli saavadmyofos pacienti eqims Tavis 

sizmrebze esaubreba da es sizmrebi Tavisuflebas moklebuli 

xalxis zneobrivi gaxrwnis gamomxatvel fantasmagoriul 

tilod gaiSleba. `nacnobebi, megobrebi, 

296

ise ucnobnic gamoCndebian, nel-nela miaxlovdebian... 

oRond saidumlo da sazari Sexeduleba aqvs yvelas da 

yovelives. ai, erTi nacnobi _ iseTive saxe aqvs, tanis 

mixra-moxra, Cveulebriv acvia, oRond gulis karidan 

gvelis Tavi amoCrila da gamvlelsa da gamomvlels 

hkbens... meore nacnobi uneburad mezizReba da roca 

vakvirdebi, Tu risTvis iwvevs Zveli kargi nacnobi 

zizRs, maSin vamCnev, rom melis veeberTela kudi abia... 

kudi cxvirSi miRitinebs... saZaglobaa... mesames tuCebi 

aqvs akerili... laparakis magier Rmuis; erTi dorblsa 

hyris, meore gasisxlianebul xanjals atrialebs da 

visac miswvdeba, mucelSi umiznebs... mTeli es xrova 

Soridan miaxlovdeba... irgvliv, yovelis mxriv... suli 

mexuTeba... ufro da ufro Ramdeba da am wyvdiadSi ar 

ici, gvelis ena mogwvdeba, xanjlis wveri, talaxi gagsvris, 

Tu dorbli mogecxeba. munjebis Rmuili, gaxelebuli 

katebis Rnavili, suni saxlebidan da adamianTa 

sxeulebidan gamomdinare balRamisa... da yvelaferze 

mefoben jaWvis, qveynis sigrZe jaWvis Cxara-Cxuri da 

maTraxis, qveynis sisxo maTraxis tylaSa-tyluSi...~. 

mere TiTqos tirania ispoba da adamianebi da samyaro 

gamojanmrTeldebian, magram umalve aRdgeba adrindeli 

Semzaravi suraTi _ winaswarmetyveluric aris 

avadmyofis sizmrebi. 

Tavisuflebis uqonloba adamianebs borot, mzakvar 

arsebebad aqcevs, monstrebs Sobs, radgan Tavsmoxveul 

pirobebSi TviTSenarCuneba zneobrivi Rirebulebebis 

ugulebelyofas gacilebiT metad moiTxovs, vidre 

damoukidebeli arseboba. 

damorCilebuli eris sulieri cxovrebis aracnobier 

an naxevradcnobier plastebSia Sefaruli misi gadagvarebis 

ganmapirobebeli sxva faqtorebi. 

Tavisuflebis warTmevasTan Serigebuli xalxis 

yofnis TviT fuZea arazneobrivi _ sxvaTa batonobas- 

Tan Segueba arsebiTad usamarTlobis kanonier, normalur 

movlenad aRiarebaa, es ki, gasagebia, amoralobas 

amkvidrebs da amravlebs. 

297

zneobis sayrdeni sakuTari Tavisadmi da sxvebisadmi 

adamianis pativiscemac aris, damorCilebul xalxSi 

ki igi klebulobs, radgan sxvis batonobasTan Seguebuloba 

pativiscemas maincdamainc ver aRZravs da zneobis 

es sayrdenic sustdeba. 

zneobriobis sawindaria arsebobis miznis, sazrisis 

xedva, damorCilebuli eri ki Sordeba yofierebis WeSmarit 

azrs, romelic ganuyofelia Tavisuflebisgan. 

igi sneuldeba nihilizmiT (maSinac, roca sayovelTao 

nihilizmi ar mZvinvarebs) da zneobis cxovelmyofel 

stimuls kargavs. 

xalxs, romelsac aRar aqvs saxelmwifoebrioba, 

uWirs mTlianobad ganicados TavisTavi, mis calkeul 

warmomadgenelsac uWirs igrZnos Tavi mTlianobis nawilad, 

imitom, rom sakuTar saxelmwifoSi Wvrets eri 

uSualod sakuTar mTlianobas. mZlavrobs egoizmi, 

xdeba eris daSla àtomebad~, romlebic erTmaneTs awydebian, 

aviwroeben... 

amas mosdevs araTavisufali xalxis cxovrebaSi 

borotebis is moZaleba, niko lorTqifaniZis gmiris 

awewil fsiqikaSi koSmarul xilvebs rom badebs. 

avadmyofis sizmrebis erT-erTi personaJi eqimia _ 

pirakruli, damunjebuli. da igi pacientis sizmareul 

CvenebaSi Tavis WeSmarit portrets Seicnobs, erovnuli 

Cagvris uxmod momTmeni kacis portrets, visac 

mSobliuri ena sakuTar ojaxSic warTmeuli aqvs. pacientis 

gandoba Zlierad SeanjRrevs mis mTvlemare 

suls da erovnul tkivils naziarebs protestantad 

aqcevs, magram es metamorfoza axirebulobis STabeWdilebas 

tovebs. avtori sevdiani RimiliT gviambobs: 

`sazogadoebaSi Cven eqimze CurCuli gaismis. zogi ambobs 

`ZarRvebi aeSalao~... obieqturi faqtebi ki aseTia: 

winaT Cumi, dinji eqimi axla sxapa-sxupiT laparakobs. 

guSin erTad mivdiodiT, meetles davuZaxe: Извозчик! 

eqimi SeCerda, SemomaCerda, erTi magari sityva momaZaxa 

da gamSorda. policiis boqauls eqimze Sedgenili aqvs 

oqmi, quCaSi zogierTs gancxadebas hglejso...~. 

298

niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi saSualo adamians 

Soki, gansakuTrebul fenomenTan Sejaxebisas nawvnevi 

dartyma Wirdeba, rom Tavisi eris tragedia TvalnaTliv 

dainaxos da tkiviliT ganicados, uamisod is yoveldRiurobaSia 

CanTqmuli. uuflebo eris yofnis simaxinjes 

`normaluri~ cnobiereba mxolod àranormaluri~ 

cnobierebis mZlavri zemoqmedebiT gaicxadebs. 

neofiti patriotis protestic arsebiTad uwyinaria, 

keTilSobili eqscentrulobaa da ara ucxoTa mpyrobelobasTan 

seriozuli dapirispireba. 

istoriis kidev ufro kritikul etaps aireklavs 

ambavi, romelsac mixeil javaxiSvili mogviTxrobs 

`givi SadurSi~. 

ruseTSi saswavleblad wasuli petre warCinebuli 

ojaxis siZe xdeba, keTildReobaze cvlis da iviwyebs 

dedas, sacoles, axloblebs, samSoblos _ òqros jaWviT~ 

ebmeba. magram misi kmayofili yofis mozomili 

ritmi revoluciis gamo erTbaSad nerviulad atokdeba 

da ifliTeba. revolucia mas sakuTari colis saxiT 

acxreba Tavs: aristokrati qali anazdad gabolSevikdeba. 

es ucnauri gardaqmna realisturi fsiqologizmiT 

safuZvlianad aris Semzadebuli _ uzrunvel da 

uqm yofaSi stepanidas apaTia ipyrobs, amave dros is 

sadistur-mazoxistur midrekilebebs amJRavnebs, drodadro 

umizezo agresiulobis Setevebi emarTeba, rasac 

mwvave sinanulis Setevebi cvlis; revolucia mas 

mowyenilobisgan daixsnis, xolo misi sulis paTologia 

revoluciuri fsiqozis atmosferoSi mTeli ZaliT 

amoxeTqavs; stepanida proletarebs uamxanagdeba da 

qmars rogorc klasobriv mters sikvdils usjis, avadmyofuri 

JiniT atanili: `vinc miyvars, is unda movkla!~. 

amieridan petre, maZRari mona, ukve devnili monaa 

_ mZimea konformizmis sazRauri. is sasowarkveTili 

gaurbis, emaleba sikvdils, marto pasiurad icavs 

Tavs, ar SeuZlia raime gadamWreli iRonos stepanidas 

mosaSoreblad _ panikuri SiSi uxevebs nebisyofas, 

ucarielebs suls, TviTgadarCenis Zlieri instinqtiRa 

aiZulebs gaagrZelos gaZaRlebuli, koSmaruli sicoc- 

299

xle; samSoblos Semoafarebs Tavs, magram aqac mowvdeba 

sikvdiliT damuqrebuli SeSliloba; CixSi momwyvdeuls 

TviTmkvlelobis inscenireba Svelis _ sastiki 

Zalisgan gadarCena mxolod sakuTari saxis waSliT 

xerxdeba, gadarCenisTvis aucilebelia SeumCnevloba, 

araraobad gadaqceva. mixeil javaxiSvilis personaJi, 

gamofituli, dalewili adamiani, Tanxmdeba aseT arsebobas, 

romelic sikvdilis forma ufroa, vidre 

sicocxle. 

Tavisi groteskul-farsuli da simboluri xasia- 

TiT es istoria `jayos xiznebs~ enaTesaveba, xolo stepanida 

jayos, rasputinis, yaSas kompanionia. 

Tu niko lorTqifaniZis moTxrobaSi koSmari subieqturia, 

pirovnebis cnobierebas eufleba da cxovrebiseuli 

viTareba ase gaSualebulad, amasTanave gam- 

Zafrebulad aris ukufenili, mixeil javaxiSvilis monaTxrobSi 

igi empiriul-obieqturi realoba xdeba. 

`sizmrebSi~ sinamdvilis aranormalurobis aRsaqmelad 

specifikuri xedva, SeSlilis xedvaa saWiro, mixeil 

javaxiSvilis monaTxrobSi ki ukve gverdauvleli faqtobrivi 

realobaa, rom samyaro damangrevel da momakvdinebel 

sigiJes aqvs dapyrobili. niko lorTqifaniZis 

da vaJas personaJebs sasikvdilo xifaTi ar eqmnebaT. 

yvelaze uaresi, rac bagrat zaxariCs SeiZleba 

daemarTos, samsaxuridan daTxovnaa, xolo `sizmrebSi~ 

eqimi protestsac gamoxatavs da amisTvis ar axrCoben. 

im sinamdvileSi, sadac isini arseboben, adamianurobas 

ase Tu ise mainc gaeZleba, ar aris misi sruli daTrgunvis 

da aRmofxvris safrTxe. mixeil javaxiSvilis 

personaJis Tavgadasavali ki swored aseTi safrTxis 

mauwyebelia. samyaro sakvirvelad gaavda, antihumanurobis 

Zalam da mizanswrafulobam uCveulod imata da 

adamianis sulic axla gacilebiT ufro paralizebulia. 

caristuli reJimi ubralod uJmur berikacad 

mogveCveneba im sisxlmowyurebul demonTan SedarebiT, 

mixeil javaxiSvilis ubedur gmirs rom adevnebia. 

Semdeg mborgavi revoluciuri energia totalitarizmis 

wnexSi Semkvrivdeba. mis qveS qarTveli adamianis 

300

tanjvaa simbolizebuli basil meliqiSvilis ociani 

wlebis bolos daweril moTxrobaSi òrfexi~. mwerali, 

romlis Semoqmedeba meoce saukunis qarTuli literaturis 

garkveuli tendenciebis kvaldakval ZiriTadad 

arqaizebuli da miTologizebulia, òrfexSi~ uSualod 

miabjens mzeras Tanadroulobas da misi prozis 

mTavar gmirsac, zekacobisken mswrafvel pirovnebas, 

epoqis maxinji Svili cvlis. es moTxroba uCveuloa 

upirvelesad groteskis TaviseburebiT _ igi realobis 

pirobiT saxecvlilebad ki ar gvevlineba, aramed 

samyaros Zireul mdgomareobad; Cndeba irealobis mier 

realobis STanTqmis STabeWdileba. 

òrfexis~ gmiri abeli landiviTaa, TiTqos fantomia 

da sadacaa aorTqldeba. Tavisi arsebiT da ieriT is 

waagavs amerikeli mwerlis Servud andersonis deformirebul, 

maniakalur personaJebs. 

warmovidginoT, rom mixeil javaxiSvilis petre da 

stepanida kvlav erT WerqveS aRmoCndebian. rogoric 

maTi cxovreba SeiZleba iyos, ise cxovrobs abeli Tavis 

marusiasTan erTad. abeli am qalis monaa ara figuraluri 

gagebiT, aramed sruliad realurad. mZime saojaxo 

`SromiTi begaris~ garda abels colis despoturi 

TviTnebobis, isteriuli siSmagis da fizikuri Tavdasxmebis 

Cumad atana uxdeba. mis mimarT abelis SiSi sulis 

gamyinavia. marusias tirania ojaxidan erovnul kerZebsac 

ki aZevebs, miTumetes qarTul enas ar wyalobs, religias 

emtereba, Tavisuflebis mcire gamovlinebasac 

aRkveTs. igi abels sofelTan kavSirsac gadauWris, 

Tumca misi xsna arc sofelSia, saidanac morCilebas 

uqadageben _ iqac Semgueblobaa damkvidrebuli. 

basil meliqiSvilis personaJi Sinaur, moTvinierebul 

cxovels gvagonebs. igi erTgvarad tkbeba kidec 

Tavisi monobiT, TavisTavsac da sxvasac arwmunebs, rom 

marusia keTilia da TviTon _ bednieri; metic, danaSaulis 

grZnoba aqvs mtarvalisadmi. 

magram abeli aramarto tiraniis tyvea, aramed Tanamedrove 

teqnikuri civilizaciisac _ misi `religia~ 

cifrebia, Tvlaa. `Znelia, Zneli, Cumad yofna. zogjer 

301

RamiT, roca fiqri mtanjavs da boRma mTasaviT Camomawveba... 

gaTenebamdis Cavcqeri davTrebs. ramdeni dav- 

Tari gadamicia arqivisaTvis, ramdeni cifri dagrovila 

Cems oxer TavSi... RamiT vTvli da vangariSob, TiTiT 

gamaqvs da gamomaqvs windis Cxirs agebuli rgoli da 

vRiRineb. diax, Znelia siCume da vRiRineb~. cifrebSi 

gaurbis abeli martoobas, sicarieles, tanjvas da monobas; 

gaurbis umaRlesi, adamianis mfarveli WeSmaritebis, 

sikeTis da mSvenierebis im tragikul ukmarobasac, 

romelzec galaktioni ambobs: `rogor SeviZloT 

uRvTismSobloba? viT avitanoT umadonoba?~. magram 

cifrebic ar aris savsebiT saimedo dasayrdeni _ 

abels maniakaluri SiSi aqvs, rom isini SeiZleba gamoilios; 

es ki saboloo kraxi iqneba, radgan cifrebi misi 

Cawixluli sulis gamayuCebelic aris da materialuri 

arsebobis safuZvelic, romlis gamocla sruliad 

uimedo mdgomareobaSi Caagdebs; im antihumanur sinamdvileSi, 

romelic moTxrobaSi mxatvrulad aris gardasaxuli, 

advilad SesaZlebelia samsaxuridan gagdeba 

daRupvas udrides. daujerebelia, rom aseTi ram mar- 

Tla katastrofa iyos bagrat zaxariCisTvis, misi SiSi 

satirulad hiperbolizebulia _ mas metismetad aSinebs 

is, rac TavisTavad ar aris ase saSiSi. 

cifrebis abstraqtul, sastiki yofisgan daSorebul 

samyaroSi abeli Svebas povebs, magram wuxilsac ganicdis, 

aramxolod imis gamo, rom cifrTa `mosalodneli~ 

gamoleva aSfoTebs, aramed imitomac, rom maTSi 

samyaros grandiozuli gaugebroba da amaoeba ecxadeba. 

igi grZnobs, rom `cifrebis religia~ araWeSmariti 

nugeSia da es iZulebiTi TavSesafaric mobezrebuli 

aqvs. 

ase rom, Tumca abeli yovelnairad cdilobs tanjva 

gaiyruos da Tavi moityuos, mainc ver aRwevs amas. verc 

is, qarTvelisTvis sasiamovno upiratesoba Svelis, Tavis 

ZmebTan SedarebiT rom aqvs _ isini oTxiT dadian, 

TviTon ki ivarga, òrfexia~; verafriT icxrobs mouSorebel 

tkivils, Tavisuflebis bolomde verCaklul 

impulss. amitomaa, rom poezia izidavs da guls uoxebs, 

302

om baRSi radioTi gadmocemul musikas uecrad cekvas 

aayolebs da galaRdeba, rom Tavis beds uziarebs moxuc, 

saTno qarTvel qals, xolo zogjer protestantuli 

ganwyobilebac aitacebs. `xandaxan adamianic ifeTqebs 

Cems Zval-rbilSi da maSin gmiri var. aRaravisi 

aRar meSinian. amas winaT kedlis gazeTSi CaexataT Cemi 

cxviri. davTrebi mexvia garSemo. avReldi da mewyina. 

winaT ar mewyineboda, magram dRes avenTe da Camovglije. 

maSin SemeSinda da movkurcxle. gaqnili mwevariviT 

movusvi da gadavrCi. gana gmiroba ar undoda gazeTis 

Camoglejas? uwin ver SevZlebdi. im dRes ki gmiri viyavi 

da adamiani hfeTqda Cems Zval-rbilSi...~. 

Zneli saTqmelia, xedavda Tu ara mwerali abelis 

mfrTxal, komikur gambedaobaSi CaxSobis stadiebgamovlili 

sulis momavali Tavisuflebis mkrTal niSans 

da sust Canasaxs. 

1989 

303


pasuxebi Jurnal àrilis~ kiTxvarze 

rogor warmogidgebaT mwerlis roli Tanamedrove 

sazogadoebaSi, migaCniaT Tu ara, rom mwerlobas 

akisria eris winamZRolis funqcia? 

pasuxis gacema kiTxvaze, aqvs Tu ara literaturas 

eris winamZRolis funqcia, moiTxovs imis gaTvaliswinebas, 

Tu saerTod rogoria literaturis buneba — literatura 

samyaros koncentrirebuli grZnobadi Wvretaa, 

romelsac warmarTavs WeSmaritebis gamovlenis, 

aRmoCenis Tu sulac Seqmnis Rrma sulieri moTxovnileba; 

literatura avtonomiuri warmosaxviTi sinamdvilea, 

romelSic grZnobad-goniTi WvretiT gamovlenili 

da sityvierad xorcSesxmuli simarTle cocxlobs 

da moCans. amasTanave isic cxadia, rom mwerals, roca 

mxatvrul realobas qmnis, surs sxvebic daarwmunos 

samyaroze da adamianze Tavisi Tvalsazrisis 

WeSmaritebaSi. 

literatura rogorc samyaros da adamianis mxatvruli 

gageba, rogorc mxatvruli msoflmxedveloba 

uTuod axdens aSkara Tu uCinar gavlenas mkiTxvelis 

msoflaRqmis formirebaze. magram SeiZleba amis safuZvelze 

iTqvas, rom `literatura eris winamZRolia?~ 

es formula CvenSi asea gaazrebuli: literaturam 

unda Caunergos xalxs gansazRvruli ideebi Tu idealebi, 

anu mwerali unda iyos ideologi da propagandisti, 

miuTiTebdes sazogadoebas moZraobis gezs, ayalibebdes 

mis samoqmedo programas; mwerali movalea ganuwyvetliv 

aqtiurobdes sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi... 

aseTi warmodgena amartivebs da ayalbebs saqmis namdvil 

viTarebas. ase gagebuli eris winamZRoloba ewinaaRmdegeba 

samyaros uangaro, CaRrmavebul Wvretas da 

WeSmaritebis Ziebas, mwerlis mier danaxuli simarTlis 

wmindad, srulyofilad xorcSesxmas, anu literaturis 

304

arss. igi ewinaaRmdegeba agreTve seriozul, intimuridumal 

dialogs mwerals da mkiTxvels Soris, romelic 

mkiTxvelis Sinagan arsebaze, mis msoflxedvaze 

mxatvruli azris Rrma zemoqmedebis pirobaa. Cveneburi 

formula `mwerloba eris winamZRolia~ gulisxmobs, 

rom literatura raRac miznebs emsaxureba Tavisi namdvili 

arsis xarjze, rom igi WeSmaritebis maZiebeli ki 

ar aris, aramed mza ideebis mqadagebeli da sazogadoebisTvis 

Camgonebelia. 

warmodgena mweralze rogorc eris winamZRolze 

CvenTan gasul saukuneSi damkvidrda, roca mwvave 

problema iyo erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba 

da mwerlobis misiis aseTma gagebam udavod pozitiuri 

roli Seasrula nacionaluri TviTcnobierebis gaZlierebaSi. 

oRond igi xSirad iwiravda mxatvrul siRrmes 

da sisavses, srulfasovnebas. Semdeg is SeeTvisa sab- 

WoTa warmodgenas mweralze rogorc saxelmwifo ideologiis 

msaxurze, Tumca mas erovnul-patriotuli aspeqtic 

SerCa. dRes ki tradiciulma Tvalsazrisma, rom 

mwerloba ers winamZRolad unda evlinebodes, aSkarad 

amowura TavisTavi. 

Tanamedrove pluralistur sazogadoebaSi mwerals, 

bunebrivia, ar unda hqondes winamZRolobis da 

qurumobis, beladobis pretenzia, imis pretenzia, rom 

eWvSeuval azrebs gamoTqvams nebismier cxovrebiseul 

problemaze (aseT statuss eswrafis, magaliTad, sol- 

Jenicini ruseTSi). meore mxriv, cxadia, arc mwerlis 

sazogadoebrivi aqtiurobaa saZraxisi, Tuki es aqtiuroba 

angarebiani ar aris da Semoqmedebas Tavis damxmare 

saSualebad ar aqcevs. 

sasurvelia, rom mwerali sazogadoebisTvis iyos 

avtoriteti rogorc sulierebis da kulturis ganmasaxierebeli, 

Rrma da gamWriaxi xedviT aRWurvili pirovneba, 

romlis aramxatvruli azric sayuradRebo da 

angariSgasawevia (Tu mas aseTi azris gamoTqma surs — 

politikaze, socialur problemebze da a.S.); ara misi 

sazogadoebrivi statusis ZaliT, ara imis gamo, rom is 

305

ogorc mwerali winamZRoli da qurumia, aramed imitom, 

rom es azri TavisTavad saintereso da seriozulia. 

mwerali asrulebs sazogadoebriv da erovnul funqcias 

amis sagangebo mcdelobis, deklarirebis da savaldebulo 

normad dawesebis gareSec, roca igi namdvili 

mweralia, anu, ukve naTqvams rom davubrundeT, 

samyaros Rrma mWvreteli da WeSmaritebis wrfeli ma- 

Ziebelia, romelic axal, simarTlis naTelmyofel 

mxatvrul sinamdviles qmnis. am sinamdvilis uSualo da 

Zaldautanebeli, siRrmiseuli zegavlena mkiTxvelis 

qvecnobierebaze da cnobierebaze exmareba mas iqces 

TviTmyofad pirovnebad _ mowydes masobriv cnobierebas, 

moipovos avtonomiuri TvalTaxedva, TviTSegneba, 

sulieri samyaro. sazogadoebrivi da erovnuli TvalsazrisiT 

amaze ufro mniSvnelovani ram ki Zneli warmosadgenia, 

radgan sazogadoebis, eris namdvil siZlieres 

swored Sinaganad damoukidebeli, TavisTavadi pirovnebebi 

qmnian. 

Tqveni azriT, aqvs Tu ara literaturas zneobrivaRmzrdelobiTi 

daniSnuleba? Tu fiqrobT, rom aqvs, 

konkretulad rogor vlindeba igi ? 

me mgonia, literaturas ara aqvs uSualo da specialuri 

zneobriv-aRmzrdelobiTi daniSnuleba, magram 

aqvs zneobrivi Zala da mniSvneloba, romelic literaturis 

mxatvrulobaSivea ganfenili. 

mTavari, rasac literatura gviCvenebs, aris is, Tu 

ras niSnavs adamianad yofna samyaroSi, es ki ganuyofelia 

zneobisgan. zneobrivi fenomeni msWvalavs adamianis 

arsebobis yvela sferos, adamianis arsebobis mudmivi 

Tanmdevia, Tumca es cxovrebaSi xSirad uxilavia, 

miCqmalulia. literatura zneobrivi fenomenis am uxilav 

yvelganmyofobas xdis xiluls, daanaxebs adamians, 

rom zneobrivi kriteriumi aRmoufxvrelia mis yofierebaSi, 

rom zneobis Tvals versad da verasdros daemaleba. 

literatura àiZulebs~ mas, Tavi ar moityuos 

amis Taobaze. 

306

literaturas Seyavs mkiTxveli zneobrivi problemebis 

da konfliqtebis SuagulSi, sZens zneobriv gamocdilebas, 

axedebs adamianuri sindisis, zneobrivi tanjvis 

da refleqsiis siRrmeebSi. igi mkiTxvels zneobrivi 

qcevis normebs ki ar uyalibebs, aramed samyaros 

zneobrivi ganzomilebis Rrma da WeSmarit xedvas. amis- 

Tvis literaturas ar Wirdeba mkiTxvelis cnobierebaze 

sagangebo zewola _ amisTvis sakmarisia literatura 

Tavisi esTetikuri bunebis erTguli iyos, rogorc 

Seqspiris, dostoevskis Tu Tomas manis, qarTul 

literaturaSi — vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba. 

sxvaTaSoris, srulfasovani mxatvruli nawarmoebis 

Sesaqmnelad mweralma, xelovanma zneobrivi Tvisebebi 

unda gamoavlinos TviT Semoqmedebis procesSi. amaze 

msjelobs frangi filosofosi mariteni gamokvlevaSi 

`xelovanis pasuxismgebloba~: `Tavisi xelovnebis sferoSi 

mxatvari emorCileba erTgvar asketizms, romelmac 

SeiZleba gmiruli msxverplSewirvac moiTxovos... 

qmnadobis sferoSi, nawarmoebis sasikeTod mxatvars 

unda gaaCndes Tviniereba, sulgrZeloba, keTilgoniereba, 

sulis mTlianoba da Zala, zomiereba, ueSmako da 

sufTa guli~. 

ramdenad SeZlo qarTulma literaturam im rTuli 

da dramatuli procesebis ganWvreta, romlebic CvenSi 

warimarTa? 

literaturas, bunebrivia, ar moeTxoveba imis winaswar 

ganWvreta, Tu konkretulad ra socialur-politikuri 

movlenebia mosalodneli da rodis. magram literatura 

safarvels aclis sazogadoebis sulieri da 

zneobrivi mdgomareobis Sinagan xeds da imis mixedviT, 

rogoria igi, SesaZlebelia Tundac miaxloebiT warmovidginoT, 

ras gvimzadebs momavali. qarTuli sazogadoebis 

sulieri, zneobrivi krizisi, romelic bolo 

aTwleulSi aSkarad gamovlinda, literaturaSi arasrulad 

warmoCnda, Tumca iyo garkveuli gamonaklisebi. 

307

a migaCniaT am procesebis gamomwvev mizezad, ra 

aris, Tqveni SexedulebiT, imis sazrisi, rac 

saqarTveloSi ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi moxda? 

imas, rom CvenSi dramatuli Tu sulac tragikuli 

procesebi warimarTa, araerTi mizezi aqvs, magram ZiriTadi 

maT Soris, SesaZloa, is iyos, rom qarTul sazogadoebaSi 

ar aRmoCnda arakonformistuli cnobierebis 

mqone da imavdroulad socialurad aqtiuri inteleqtualebis 

fena, romelic SeZlebda Seeqmna kargad 

organizebuli sazogadoebrivi moZraoba an partia da 

xalxisTvis SeeTavazebina damoukideblobis mopovebis 

realisturi, mkafiod gaazrebuli, evoluciuri programa; 

warmoeCina Tavisi avtoritetuli liderebi da 

seriozuli metoqeoba gaewia radikaluri nacionalizmisTvis. 

samwuxarod, aseTi Zala Cvenma krizisulma da 

sustma sazogadoebam ver warmoSva. 

ra xarvezebs amCnevT qarTul kulturaSi, kerZod, 

literaturaSi; risi SeZena sWirdeba mas? rogor 

gesaxebaT qarTuli literaturis perspeqtiva? 

qarTuli literaturis ZiriTadi xarvezi, albaT, 

isaa, rom igi mTlianobaSi erTdroulad aris arasakmarisad 

qarTuli da arasakmarisad universaluri _ qar- 

Tuli sinamdvile, qarTveli adamianis arseba jer kidev 

ar gamJRavnebula masSi mTeli Tavisi sisruliT, sir- 

TuliT, winaaRmdegobriobiT, paradoqsebiT rogorc 

zogadad adamianis, kacobriobis bunebis da yofierebis 

originaluri modeli. rasakvirvelia, saubaria amis 

ukmarobaze, Torem qarTuli literaturis calkeul, 

saukeTeso nimuSebSi nacionaluri sinamdvilis siRrmiseuli 

wvdoma bunebrivadaa gadazrdili kacobriobis 

cxovrebis suraTSi. 

qarTuli literatura momavalSi, albaT, SeZlebs 

qarTuli sinamdvilis mTeli Taviseburebis, sirTulis 

danaxvas da warmoCenas rogorc swored kacobriobis 

arsis da yofis modelisas. amis sawindari, sayovelTao 

308

kulturuli, literaturuli gamocdilebis ufro intensiur 

da farTo aTvisebasTan erTad, SeiZleba gaxdes 

is, rom bolo periodis movlenebma Cveni nacionaluri 

xasiaTis da arsebobis sirTule, winaaRmdegobrioba 

TvalnaTliv gamoamJRavna; agreTve Cvens literaturaSi 

bolo dros gaZlierebuli midrekileba SeuboWavi 

gulaxdilobisken. mas balastic gardauvalad 

moyveba, magram is SesaZlebelia mogvevlinos qarTuli 

cxovrebis ufro meti sisavsiT da simkveTriT gansaxierebis 

safuZvlad. es ki Tavis mxriv Cveni literaturis 

universalizaciis wanamZRvrad SeiZleba iqces. 

1996 

309

sikvdilis pirispir 

rusuli klasikuri prozis TaviseburebaTagan erTerTi 

mTavari sikvdilis fenomenisadmi gamZafrebuli, 

daJinebuli interesia. rusuli natura da azrovneba 

midrekilia ukiduresobebisken, sikvdili ki, gasagebia, 

yvelaze didi ukiduresobaa. 

tolstois, dostoevskis, Cexovis SemoqmedebaSi 

upirvelesad swored sikvdilis fenomeni aniWebs adamianis 

yofierebas Rrma da gardauval seriozulobas, 

problemurobas _ raki adamiani sikvdilis CrdilqveS 

arsebobs, man aucileblad, nebismier fasad unda SeZlos, 

moaswros WeSmaritebis povna, WeSmaritebaSi damkvidreba, 

xolo Tu amas ver axerxebs, es gamousworebeli 

katastrofaa. 

amgvari umkacresi alternativa edeba saTaved rusul 

prozaSi sulieri Ziebis vnebianobas, mousvenar da 

tkivilian fiqrs `dawyevlil kiTxvebze~. 

`dostoevskisTvis cocxali sicocxle TavisTavad 

sruliad ucxo da gaugebaria, sikvdilis faqti mas 

mTlianad anadgurebs. Tu ar arsebobs ukvdaveba, maSin 

cxovreba uazrobaa~ (v. veresaevi). ra unda iyos adamianis 

WeSmariteba sikvdilis pirispir, rogor SeuZlia 

mas gadaZalos `sikvdilis faqti~ _ am kiTxvis winaSe 

dganan dostoevskis personaJebi Tavisi tragikuli 

SfoTviT, sulieri konvulsiebiT, SecodebebiT da siwmindis 

natvriT. 

cnobilia, rogori SeZrwunebiT ganicdida tolstoi 

sikvdils, rogor gamudmebiT sdevda mas Tan sikvdilze 

fiqri (amis Sesaxeb gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavad 

s. cvaigi wers). magram mis SemoqmedebaSi sikvdili mxolod 

SemaZrwunebeli ar aris. dostoevskis Semoqmedebisgan 

gansxvavebiT tolstois prozaSi sikvdili azrs 

ar aclis da ar aufasurebs samyaros, piriqiT, adamianis 

yofnis namdvili sazrisi da faseuloba swored 

sikvdilis tragikuli fenomenis meoxebiT xdeba cxadi. 

gavixsenoT sikvdilis winaSe aRmoCenili pier bezuxovi 

da misi sulieri aRorZineba, anda levinis swrafva WeS- 

310

mariti TviTganxorcielebisken Zmis sikvdilis umwvavesi 

gancdis Semdeg... 

tolstoisTvis sazarelia ara imdenad sikvdili TavisTavad, 

aramed sikvdili rogorc fuWi, uazro, ara- 

WeSmariti sicocxlis dasasruli. sikvdilis, araras 

saSineleba mougeriebelia, Tuki igi sicocxlis araraobis 

gasrulebaa, imis boloa, rasac qarTveli mwerali 

`mkvdar sicocxles~ uwodebs. 

sikvdili ki ar arTmevs azrs ìvan iliCis sikvdilis~ 

personaJis sicocxles, aramed aboloebs da amas- 

Tanave amxels, aSiSvlebs misi arsebobis uazrobas, amiT 

ki aZlevs mas ukanasknel SesaZleblobas eziaros adamianuri 

arsebobis WeSmarit sazriss. 

tolstois am moTxrobaSi sikvdili simarTlis da 

zneobis erTaderTi damfuZnebelia, erTaderTi mcveli 

da gadamrCenelia. roca adamianis cxovreba mTlianad 

sicrueSi efloba da amao xdeba, mainc aris Zala, romelic 

aiZulebs mas dainaxos Tavisi yofnis siyalbe, 

usazrisoba; aris Zala, romelic TiTqos amqveynad 

RmerTis `Semcvlelia~, ramdenadac adamians WeSmaritebisken 

miaxedebs, Tavis adamianur arss da mowodebas 

Seaxsenebs. 

ra Tqma unda, adamians SeuZlia yuri ar aTxovos 

WeSmaritebis xmas, romelsac sikvdili gaagonebs. da 

ivan iliCs amaRlebs, SeiZleba iTqvas, gmirad aqcevs is, 

rom aRar wauyruebs am xmas ise, rogorc adre, mTeli 

Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze uyruebda. 

sikvdilis arsebobis daviwyeba, daunaxveloba Tu 

miCqmalva ivan iliCis da misi wris adamianebis yofis 

mudmivi Sinagani fonia. karierizmi, pativmoyvareoba, 

nivTebis gafetiSeba, garToba, msubuqi da sasiamovno 

drostareba _ yovelive es malavs sikvdils da masTan 

erTad malavs cxovrebis siRrmiseul, zneobriv ganzomilebas; 

auqmebs imas, rac sikvdils upirispirdeba da 

ebrZvis adamianebis arsebobaSi _ namdvil siyvaruls, 

megobrobas, solidarobas, simarTles, samarTlianobas 

da Tavisuflebas. 

311

ac mTavaria, cxovrebis is wesi, romliTac ivan 

iliCi cxovrobs, klavs individualobas, pirovnebas. 

ivan iliCi ar gamoirCeva raRac gansakuTrebuli borotebiT, 

magram borotebaa ukve is, rom mis yofierebas ar 

warmarTavs misi sakuTari goni da sindisi, rom brmad 

aris mindobili cxovrebis dakanonebul standartebs, 

yalb Sablonur formebs. ivan iliCis sicocxle socialur 

pirobiTobebSia bolomde Cawretili. 

sikvdili ubrunebs, ufro sworad, aniWebs tolstois 

gmirs individualobas, sakuTar saxes, aniWebs namdvil 

martoobas _ Tu is adre marto iyo, oRond amas 

zedapiruli da pirobiTi urTierTobebi niRbavda, axla 

is grZnobs, rom tragikulad, saSinlad martoa, magram 

samagierod es misi ganumeorebeli pirovnuli arsebobis 

gamovlinebaa, misi damoukidebeli fiqris pirobaa, 

WeSmaritebasTan ziarebis piroba. 

es WeSmariteba ki ubraloa, magram Rrma da gamZlea. 

ivan iliCi itanjeba axloblebis gulgrilobiT da 

xedavs, rom TviT misi codvac gulgriloba, sxvisi tkivilis 

gaziarebis uunaroba iyo. da WeSmariteba naTdeba 

misTvis maSin, roca igrZnobs sibraluls, TanagrZnobas 

Svilisadmi, romelsac gulwrfelad awuxebs mamis 

moaxloebuli sikvdili. cxovelmyofeli WeSmariteba, 

uromlisodac mis cxovrebaSi sikvdili batonobda, 

adamianebTan Sinagani Tanaazrobaa, siyvaruli da 

TanagrZnobaa... 

Tu tolstoisTan sikvdils didebuleba da zeaweuloba 

axlavs, Cexovis SemoqmedebaSi igi im sinacrisfris 

da uRimRamobis zRvaria, romelSic samyaroa CaZiruli. 

adamianebis sisustis, Secdomebis, aRkveTili 

swrafvebis, adamianuri cxovrebis mouwyoblobis da gaugebrobis, 

mosawyenobis miRma ilandeba sikvdili rogorc 

raRac ruxi, blanti nivTierebis masa, romelic 

adamianTa arSemdgar sicocxles nel-nela, uCumrad 

iwovs... 

CexovisTvisac adamianis cxovrebis Sefasebis uytuari 

sazomi is aris, umweoa Tu ara es cxovreba sikvdilis 

winaSe, ararasken mieqaneba Tu myaria, mtkice fun- 

312

damentis mqone. `mosawyeni istoriis~ gmiri, gamoCenili 

mecnieri, sikvdilis pirispir darCenili xedavs, ramdeni 

sicruea mis arsebobaSi, ra usaSvelod mouwesrigebelia 

misi axloblebis cxovreba da ra uRonoa Tvi- 

Ton saimisod, rom raime Secvalos, vinmes arsebiTad 

daexmaros. mas eZaleba pesimizmi, radgan Tavis garSemo 

axla mxolod siwvrilmanes, uniWobas, Secdomebs da 

Seusabamobebs, gaugebrobebs amCnevs. am kacs, romelic 

mecnierebas aRmerTebda da `Zvlis tvini ufro ainteresebda, 

vidre samyaros saboloo mizani~, Tavisi axloblebis 

cxovrebaSi bevri ram mxedvelobidan gamor- 

Ca, imdeni yuradReba ar arguna maT, ramdensac saWiroebdnen. 

igi, sikvdilis momlodine, acnobierebs Tavisi 

dramis mTavar, Zireul mizezs — mis sicocxles aklda 

is, rasac ùwodeben cocxali adamianis RmerTs~... 

sikvdili uZleveli xdeba imitom, rom adamianebi ise 

cxovroben, TiTqos igi ar arsebobs da gvianRa ixseneben, 

maSin, roca is ukve Zalian axlosaa; unda gaxsovdes 

sikvdili, raTa srulfasovnad icocxlo, raTa sicocxle 

Signidanve ar daRrRnas sikvdilma _ sicruem, 

gulgrilobam, sulierma gaxevebam, siyvarulis 

ukmarobam. 

1996 

313

ganmmartebeli 

Tanamedrove dasavleTis cxovrebis da kulturis 

Zireuli tendenciebi Seadgenda zurab kakabaZis filoofiuri 

kvlevis mTavar sagans, magram amave dros misi 

gansja faqtobrivad Cvens cxovrebasac exeba; aramxood 

imis gamo, rom arsebobs universaluri procesebi da 

rasac zurab kakabaZe maT Sesaxeb ambobs, obieqturad 

Cvens sazogadoebazec vrceldeba; ufro imitom, rom 

zurab kakabaZis filosofiuri azrovnebis wesis Tvisebaa 

garemomcvel sinamdvileze dakvirvebebis, cxovrebiseuli 

STabeWdilebebis, gancdebis analizi da 

ganzogadeba. 

zurab kakabaZis wignebis da, kerZod, `filosofiuri 

saubrebis~ kiTxvisas vgrZnobT, rom avtori gviziarebs 

Sinagans, pirovnuls, misTvis rogorc adamianisTvis 

arsebiTs. bunebrivia, igi eyrdnoba cnobili Tanamedrove 

filosofosebis Tvalsazrisebs, magram es Tvalsazrisebi 

isea ganlagebuli da Sejerebuli, aqcentirebuli, 

rom isini mkafio individualuri, pirovnuli 

msoflgancdis da msoflmxedvelobis mTlianobaSi 

irwymeba. 

azrovnebis pirovnul-intimuri elferi da gancdiloba, 

cxovrebasTan siaxlove zurab kakabaZis filosofiur 

kvlevas mxatvrul SemoqmedebasTan anaTesavebs. 

es arc aris gasakviri _ zurab kakabaZe saintereso 

poetic iyo ... 

Tanamedrove filosofiis Semobrunebas cxovrebis 

konkretuli realobisken da misi gamomsaxveli xelovnebisken 

adamianis yofierebis krizisuli simwvave da 

sirTule ganapirobebs. Tumca zurab kakabaZisTvis ase- 

Ti filosofiuri pozicia ar aris mxolod aucileblobiT 

nakarnaxevi, igi misi organuli sulieri midrekilebebis 

Sesatyvisia. 

literatura da xelovneba WeSmaritebis uSualo 

gamocxadebaa, mxatvruli Semoqmedeba WeSmaritebis 

TavisTavadi, unikaluri Semoqmedeba da movlinebaa _ 

zurab kakabaZe ar iziarebs Sexedulebas, romelic 

314

Tavis droze ase iqna formulirebuli: `Tanamedrove 

poeziis mTeli istoria aris filosofiis mokle teqstis 

gabmuli komentari~ (f. Slegeli). magram amasTanave 

is xedavs literaturis, xelovnebis da filosofiis 

urTierTSexebis ares. Tanac misi mzera ar Cerdeba iq, 

sadac es kontaqti aSkaraa da ioli SesaniSnia Tanamedrove 

literaturis da xelovnebis mkveTri inteleqtualizacia, 

mxatvrul saxeSi `Teoriuli~ elementebis 

moWarbeba. zurab kakabaZe avlens mxatvruli Semoqmedebis 

da filosofiis Sexvedris siRrmiseul safuZvels: 

mxatvruli Semoqmedebac da filosofiac aris 

epoqis arsis wvdoma, kritikuli ganWvreta da is, rasac 

am mxriv TviTeuli maTgani sakuTari meTodebiT da 

saSualebebiT aRmoaCens, erTgvarovania. 

epoqis arsi mJRavndeba imaSi, adamianis yofierebis 

rogori gagebaa gabatonebuli, ra idealis mixedviT 

warimarTeba adamianebis arseboba. zurab kakabaZe fiqrobs, 

rom Cveni epoqis warmmarTvel mecnierul-teqnikuri 

progresis ideals kacobrioba Cixisken miyavs, 

xolo axali, mxsneli ideali ar gamokveTila. 

epoqis es zogadi arseba wignSi ganxilulia Tavisi 

mravali aspeqtiT da gamovlinebiT, dostoevskis, Tomas 

manis, joisis, beketis, felinis da sxvebis nawarmoebTa 

brwyinvale interpretaciis meSveobiT. Tvalwin 

gveSleba Tanamedrove civilizaciis panorama, romelic 

gamoirCeva iSviaTi sisavsiT, simwyobriT. zurab 

kakabaZe miundobeli da ironiulia sinamdvilis zedapiris 

mimarT, cxovrebas garekans aclis da amzeurebs 

imis sruliad sapirispiros, rac garegnulad moCans _ 

TiTqos TviTonac sargeblobs groteskuli meTodiT, 

romelsac yvelaze Sesaferis formad miiCnevs im samyaros 

gamosaxatad, sadac aRTqmuli progresi gadagvarebiT 

aris Senacvlebuli. 

`filosofiuri saubrebis~ mkiTxveli faruli vnebiT 

gamsWvaluli goniTi Ziebis Tanamonawile xdeba da 

avtorTan erTad axorcielebs Znel da natif azrobriv 

moZraobas, romelic gulisxmobs Sesamecnebel feno- 

315

menSi warmosaxvis meSveobiT `Casaxlebas~, mis Signidan 

danaxvas. 

zurab kakabaZis rogorc moazrovnis xasiaTs, albaT, 

zustad gamoxatavs epiTeti `ganmmartebeli~. sityva 

`ganmarteba~ xom arsebiTad rTulSi `martivis~, anu 

erTianis (`marto~ _ èrTi~), ZiriTadis, fuZiseulis 

povnas niSnavs. daSorebul sibrtyeebze ganfenil movlenebSi, 

anda erTmaneTisgan sruliad gansxvavebul 

mxatvrul nawarmoebebSi zurab kakabaZe Sinagan urTierTkavSirebs, 

saerTo fuZes miakvlevs, yofiT-konkretuli 

sinamdvilis da abstrahirebuli azris sferos 

SemaerTebel uCinar arxebs xiluls xdis. 

CaZieba, movlenebis arsSi CaZirva zurab kakabaZis 

stiqiaa, magram misi aranakleb bunebrivi moTxovnilebaa 

analitikuri azris monapovris TvalsaCinod gamokveTa. 

ai, rogor ixateba, magaliTad, nihilistis erTerTi 

tipi. 

`yuradRebis maZiebeli nihilistis mdgomareobis 

meryeoba kidev ufro Rrmavdeba imiT, rom garemomcvelni 

àuditorias~ ki ar Seadgenen mxolod, aramed agreTve 

saxifaTo konkurentebs, anu yuradRebis namdvil 

Tu potenciur dampyrobT. am ukanasknelTa mxriv 

miRweuli yoveli warmateba, yoveli zewamoweuli Tavi 

`Crdils ayenebs~ da `Crdilavs~ mas. ramdenadac sazogadoebis 

yuradRebis `fokusSi~ moqcevas nihilistTa 

masis mxolod mcire nawili aRwevs, amdenad nihilistTa 

umravlesoba `daCrdilulobis~ mtanjveli grZnobiT 

da, Sesatyvisad, `Crdilidan mzeze~ gamosvlis JiniT 

imsWvaleba... yuradRebis maZiebeli nihilisti `maRali 

mezoblisa~ da misgan nasroli `Crdilis~ SiSiTaa atanili. 

mas swored mezoblisa da maxloblis simaRle 

aRelvebs, radganac Soridan nasroli Crdili naklebad 

miswvdeba; mas mudam eWvi aqvs, rom viRac mis siaxloves 

zedmetad `yelyelaobs~ da Tavs maRla swevs ...~. 

zurab kakabaZe sityvaSi aRadgens sakvlev fenomens. 

misi unari, moimarjvos enis inteleqtualuri da gamomxatvelobiTi 

SesaZleblobebi, misive saazrovno kulturis 

tolfardia. igi faqizad SeigrZnobs, daxvewili 

316

gemovnebiT irCevs sityvas; moqnili, elferebiT mdidari 

stili mgrZnobiared aRbeWdavs azris siRrmes da 

niuansurobas; aRbeWdavs pirovnebis temperaments, samyarosTan 

araerTniSna emociur damokidebulebas _ 

sevdas da dananebas, sarkazms, simkacres da masTan er- 

Tad Semwynareblobas ... 

`filosofiuri saubrebi~, iseve rogorc zurab 

kakabaZis sxva wignebi, dawerilia rwmeniT, rom filosofia 

ar aris `mdabali~ sinamdvilisgan qedmaRlurad 

gamijnuli wminda azris hermetuli samflobelo; igi 

adamianebisTvis WeSmaritis da mcdaris, keTilis da 

borotis sazomebis mimniSnebelia, adamianis mrCeveli 

da damxmarea; filosofia WirdebaT adamianebs, raTa 

WeSmaritebaSi icxovron. SeiZleba filosofiis mowodebis 

aseTi gageba saTaves iRebdes erovnuli msoflaRqmidanac, 

romlis erT-erTi waxnagic am sityvebSia 

warmoCenili: àra viqm, codna ras margebs filosofos- 

Ta brZnobisa! miT viswavlebiT, mogveces SerTva zesT 

mwyobrTa wyobisa~. 

werilSi `bunebis dacvis erT ucnobi aspeqtis Sesaxeb~ 

zurab kakabaZe originalurad msjelobs safrTxeze, 

romelsac msoflio ekologiuri krizisi uqmnis 

erovnul TviTmyofadobas _ eris xasiaTi da kultura 

ganuyofelia misi bunebrivi garemosgan da amitom bunebaze 

Zaladoba, bunebis Taviseburi ieris nivelireba 

eris sulieri ieris nivelirebis gamaadvilebeli faqtoria. 

es werili, `filosofiuri saubrebi~ da mTlianad 

zurab kakabaZis Semoqmedeba gvkarnaxobs, rom mniSvnelovani 

erovnuli problemebis seriozuli gacnobiereba 

SeuZlebelia adamianuri yofierebis sayovelTao 

situaciis naTlad gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. 

iseTi moazrovneebis wyalobiT, rogoric iyo zurab 

kakabaZe, qarTuli cnobiereba axorcielebs Tavis Zvel, 

garemoebebis mier dabrkolebul miswrafebas _ Rirseulad 

monawileobdes evropis kulturul SemoqmedebaSi. 

1988 

317

literaturuli kerpTayvanismcemloba 

mogvwons Tu ara, bedma gvarguna cxovreba Zveli 

msoflmxedvelobrivi orientirebis da faseulobebis, 

azrovnebis da qcevis Zveli stereotipebis radikaluri 

gadasinjvis Tu gauqmebis epoqaSi. mkacri, mtkivneuli 

WeSmaritebebis da realobebis uxeSi gaSiSvlebis, 

daundobeli gamomzeurebis droSi TvalSisacemi xdeba 

literaturuli memkvidreobisadmi Cveni tradiciuli 

da tipiuri damokidebulebis naklulovnebac. 

unda vaRiaroT, rom arsebiTad da ZiriTadad es 

damokidebuleba kerpTayvanismcemluria, aRtacebuli 

da aRtacebis saganSi unaklo sidiadis mZebnelia. kerps 

ritualuri mowiwebiT unda moekido, masze maRal registrSi, 

paTetikurad da eqstatiurad, anda mokrZalebul-alersiani, 

STagonebuli CurCuliT unda ilaparako 

_ asea miRebuli. aRmosavlurad hiperboluri ritorika 

Tavisi aRmatebuli epiTetebiT _ `didi~, `didebuli~, 

ùkvdavi~, `genialuri~ da a.S. _ molaparakis- 

Tvisac sasiamovnoa da msmenelisTvisac, radgan maTac 

sidiades aziarebs, TiTqos maTac adidebs da ra SeiZleba 

iyos ufro tkbili qarTveli adamianisTvis ... 

saqarTveloSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa mcire faseulobebis 

xelovnuri gazviadeba da namdvil faseulobaTa 

absolutizacia, gafetiSeba, ìgavmiuwvdomeli~ 

simaRlis kvarcxlbekze atana da dasveneba. es fetiSizmi, 

romelic araiSviaTad farisevlobiT aris gazavebuli, 

reaqciis saxiT iwvevs skeptikur ganwyobas da 

gaucxoebul gulgrilobas qarTuli litraturisadmi, 

gansakuTrebiT axal TaobaSi ... 

kerpTayvanismcemlobis mSobeli da meurve provincializmia. 

Tvalsawieris siviwrove, azrovnebis siRaribe, 

lokalur-Sinauruli, SeRavaTiani kriteriumebis 

danergva universaluri sazomebis nacvlad fetiSizmis 

arsebobis aucilebeli pirobaa. 

am fenomenis ganmtkicebaSi didia sabWouri azrovnebis 

wesis wvlili, romelic Tavisi arsiT swored provinciuli, 

msoflio mTlianobisgan mtrulad gamijnu- 

318

li da kerpTayvanismcemluria, iseve rogorc yovelgvari 

totalitaruli, ama Tu im ideologiis uZrav dogmebze 

damyarebuli azrovneba. amitom literaturuli 

fetiSizmi ruseTSic iCens Tavs, Tumca ufro naklebad, 

vidre CvenTan; amave dros literaturasTan damokidebulebis 

aradogmaturoba da Tavisufleba Seudareblad 

metia ruseTSi, vidre saqarTveloSi. 

literaturuli memkvidreobisadmi kerpTayvanismcemluri 

damokidebuleba aferxebs qarTuli literaturismcodneobis 

da kritikis ganviTarebas, ramdenadac 

Sinaganad boWavs, Tavisuflebas uzRudavs mas, 

srulfasovnad ki mxolod Tavisufali SeiZleba viTardebodes. 

warsulis literaturisadmi fetiSisturi mimarTeba 

Tanamedrove literaturasTan mimarTebasac 

gadmowvdeba da Tavs moexveva. warsulis modelis mixedviT 

kerpebis gamoqandakeba Tanamedrove mwerlebisganac 

xdeba. xSirad TviT Tanamedrove mweralsac cnobierad 

Tu gaucnobiereblad surs, rom masac ise moekidon, 

rogorc warsulis mweral-klasikoss, anu rogorc 

sruliad unaklos, rogorc xelSeuxebel kerps. 

ar aris saWiro imis dasabuTeba, Tu rogor vnebs yvelaferi 

es literaturas. 

qarTul literaturaSi aris saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis 

mqone Rirebulebebi da kerpTayvanismcemloba 

sinamdvileSi mxolod amcirebs da saeWvos xdis maT, 

Tundac ucxoeli analitikosis TvalSi. ar unda iyos 

gasakviri, rom Cvenma damokidebulebam, vTqvaT, `vefxistyaosnisadmi~ 

skeptikurad ganawyos igi, afiqrebinos, 

rom patara xalxi misTvis Zvirfasi nawarmoebis 

wregadasuli gandidebiT Tavs imkvidrebs TavisTavisve 

Tu sxvaTa winaSe da gauZnelos am nawarmoebis namdvili 

siRrmis da simaRlis aRqma. Tumca is, albaT, damalavs 

amas, agvyveba xotbaSi da gvasiamovnebs, rogorc qebas 

daxarbebul bavSvebs. 

sakuTari literaturis apologia ver dagvexmareba 

imaSi, rom ucxoelebs misdami interesi gavuRvivoT, 

maT Cveni literaturuli miRwevebi davanaxoT. Tu es 

gvsurs, zomiereba da obieqturoba unda gamoviCinoT 

319

qarTul literaturaze msjelobisas, rac gulisxmobs 

mis ganxilva-Sefasebas universaluri sazomebiT, msoflio 

literaturis tendenciebis da monapovrebis konteqstSi 

_ ara imisTvis, rom vinmes gavejibroT, Tavi 

gavutoloT an vajoboT kidec, aramed raTa Cveni literaturis 

Taviseburebani mkafiod gaviazroT, Cveni 

literaturuli faseulobebi uSeRavaTod, ramdenadac 

SesaZlebelia zustad ganvsazRvroT. maSin, albaT, isini 

sxvebisTvisac ufro advilad aRsaqmeli gaxdeba. 

kerpTayvanismcemlobis aRmofxvra aucilebelia 

klasikasTan misaaxloeblad, cocxali adamianuri ur- 

TierTobis dasamyareblad. kerpTan dialogs ver gamarTav, 

kerpTan erTad ver ifiqreb, ver iazrovneb, mas 

SenTvis mtkivneul, Znel kiTxvebs ver dausvam, yovel 

SemTxvevaSi, maTze sagulisxmo pasuxebs misgan ver 

miiReb. 

kerpTayvanismcemlobis uaryofa arsebiTad Zvel 

faseulobaTa aqtualizebas, gadaxalisebas, maTi Cveneuli 

aRqmis avtomatizmis gadalaxvas moaswavebs da ara 

klasikis damdablebas, dakninebas. namdvili faseulobebisTvis 

is saSiSi ar aris. 

SesaZlebeli da saWiroa gulwrfeli saubari aRiarebul 

qarTvel mweralTa Semoqmedebis sust mxareebze 

Tu maT sust nawarmoebebze, anda mTlianobaSi Zlieri 

ama Tu im nawarmoebis xarvezebze... 

literaturuli kerpTayvanismcemlobis damamkvidrebeli 

isic aris, ris Sesaxebac msjelobs franc kafka 

Tavis dRiurSi, roca mcire, SeWirvebuli erebis literaturas 

exeba _ esaa nacionalur literaturaze Tu 

yofierebaze mwerlis mier moxdenili gavlenis da misi 

Semoqmedebis realuri Rirebulebis erTmaneTSi areva, 

erTmaneTisgan gaurCevloba, romelsac Tan axlavs 

gadametebuli krZalva sakuTari literaturis mimarT. 

Tumca krZalva ar igrZnoba qarTvel literaturis 

moyvarulTa kerZo, gulaxdil saubrebSi da kamaTSi. aq 

gamoiTqmeba mwerlebis da nawarmoebebis arakanonikuri 

Sefasebani, magram es Sexedulebebi, rogorc wesi, literaturis 

Sesaxeb sajaro msjelobis miRma rCeba. 

320

amgvari Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba swori an araswori 

iyos, magram isini arsebobs da maT sajarod gaumJRavneblobas, 

ganuxilvelobas yalbi ieri aqvs, ablagvebs, 

amtknarebs Cvens literaturul azrovnebas. ùxerxuli~ 

TemebisTvis dumiliT gverdis avla abrkolebs 

TviT WeSmariti faseulobebis mTeli sisruliT gamokveTas 

da aqtivizacias, gemovnebis daxvewas, literaturis 

ganaxlebas. 

Zneli ar aris imis gageba, rom literaturuli kerp- 

Tayvanismcemloba warmoadgenda Tavisuflebadakarguli 

xalxis TavdacviT reaqcias Tavisi mZime mdgomareobis 

mimarT, mis cdas, SeenarCunebina TviTmyofadoba, 

sakuTari Tavis rwmena da pativiscema, winaaRmdegoba 

gaewia kolonizatorisTvis. magram, meore mxriv, igi 

xels uSlida erovnuli cnobierebis da kulturis jansaR 

zrda-ganviTarebas, nergavda TviTkmayofilebas, 

ampartavnobas ... 

yovel SemTxvevaSi, ueWvelia, rom momavalSi igi 

mxolod saziano SeiZleba iyos. 

1993 

321

proza poeziis qveyanaSi 

is garemoeba, rom qarTuli poezia aRemateba Tavis- 

Tavad sakmaod mniSvnelovan qarTul prozas, saidumloebas 

ar warmoadgens, magram amis ganmapirobebeli 

mizezebi sagangebo gansjis Tema ar gamxdara. es problema 

ki mxolod esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT ar aris 

saintereso, igi ukavSirdeba Cveni erovnuli arsebobis 

da cnobierebis mniSvnelovan Taviseburebebs. 

Zvel qarTul sasuliero literaturaSi poeziis da 

prozis uTanabroba jer kidev ar iCens Tavs, religiuri 

poezia da proza erTmaneTs RirsebiT ar Camouvardeba. 

Zneli saTqmelia, rom himnografiis nimuSebi esTetikuri 

da sulier-inteleqtualuri simaRliT Crdilavs 

`SuSanikis wamebas~, àbos wamebas~ an `grigol xanZTelis 

cxovrebas~... mxolod XII saukuneSi jabnis aSkarad 

poezia prozas _ `vefxistyaosani~ Sors Camoitovebs 

prozaul saraindo romans àmirandarejanians~. im epoqisTvis 

es ar aris moulodneli movlena, radgan Zvel 

literaturaSi prioriteti saerTodac poezias, saleqso 

formas eniWeba. proza dasavlur literaturaSi 

dawinaurebas iwyebs mogvianebiT, renesansis epoqidan 

moyolebuli (bokaCo, rable, servantesi...) da eposSi 

wamyvan pozicias imkvidrebs XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi, 

upirvelesad romanis formiT. 

saqarTveloSi igive periodi (XIV-XVIII saukuneebi) 

kulturis ganviTarebisTvis sruliad arakeTilmyofelia. 

am dros CvenTan ar arsebobs imis wanamZRvrebi, 

rom literaturaSi aseTi didi cvlileba moxdes. TviT 

qarTuli sazogadoebis ganviTareba Seferxebulia da 

igi ar ganicdis iseT realur-praqtikul da msoflmxedvelobriv 

Zvrebs, romlebmac evropaSi prozis dawinaurebas 

Seuwyo xeli: ar viTardeba mecniereba da 

azrovnebis Sesabamisi, cdaze da dakvirvebaze damyarebuli 

wesi; sazogadoebis ierarqiuli struqtura gaxevebuli 

rCeba, ar xdeba socialuri cxovrebis garTuleba 

da dinamizacia, rac asazrdoebs prozas misTvis 

xelsayreli TemebiT, siuJetebiT, konfliqtebiT, axa- 

322

li, mkveTri tipebis da xasiaTebis mravalferovnebiT; 

ar Cans Zlieri mesame wodeba, romlis intensiur saqmianobas 

Tan axlavs qalaqebis zrda, adamianur urTierTkavSirTa 

ufro daqselili da winaaRmdegobrivi sistemis 

damkvidreba martiv soflur-patriarqalur yofas- 

Tan da mkafiod, mtkiced struqturirebul feodaluri 

cxovrebis yaidasTan SedarebiT; dasavleTSi, 

saqarTvelosgan gansxvavebiT, amasTanave mimdinareobs 

samyaros TandaTanobiTi `gamiwiereba~, warmodgenis 

Seryeva samyaroze rogorc metafizikuri ZalebiT da 

principebiT mowesrigebul mTlianobaze, romelsac 

ufro esatyviseba leqsi Tavisi TvalsaCino wesrigiT; 

bunebrivia, CvenTan ar aRiniSneba arc aseT proceseb- 

Tan dakavSirebuli yoveldRiurobis da yofiTobis, 

privatuli arsebobis mniSvnelobis imgvari mateba, rom 

gamoikveTos is, rasac hegeli `samyaros prozaul 

mdgomareobas~ uwodebs... 

ra Tqma unda, am epoqis saqarTveloSi iwereba iseTi 

prozauli nawarmoebi, rogoric sulxan-saba orbelianis 

`sibrZne sicruisaa~, magram mas ar moyolia axali 

prozis uwyveti, Tanmimdevruli tradiciis formireba. 

es didi dagvianebiT, XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi xdeba 

_ maSin, roca nel-nela CvenSic Cndeba daaxloebiT 

iseTive tendenciebi, dasavlur literaturaSi prozis 

ganviTarebas niadagi rom Seuqmna. 

magram Cvens literaturaSi prozis mimarT poeziis 

upiratesobas obieqtur da kulturul-istoriul mizezebTan 

erTad ganapirobebs mizezebic, romlebic 

eris sulieri arsebidan warmodgeba. 

leqsi rogorc metriT, ritmiT da sxva faqtorebiT 

mkafiod harmonizebuli esTetikuri forma TvalSisacemad 

amaRlebulia cxovrebaze, gamocalkevebulia 

adamianis Cveulebrivi arsebobisgan. saleqso forma 

xazgasmulad arapraqtikulia, arautilitarulia, Zlier 

TamaSebriv sawyiss moicavs da amkvidrebs, TamaSis 

da Tavisuflebis ares gadaSlis. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

is aris sadResaswaulo, sazeimo fenomeni, romelic 

moaswavebs yoveldRiurobaze, praqtikul saWiroebeb- 

323

ze da sazrunavze gamarjvebas, yofiT-utilitaruli 

stiqiis Zlevas. qarTul xasiaTs, romelic, rogorc 

SeniSnulia, Znelad egueba uRimRamo, monotonur yoveldRiurobas, 

zrunviT damZimebul yofas da Tavisufali 

TamaSis da dResaswaulisken miiltvis, poezia 

TviTgamomJRavnebis organul saSualebad evlineba. 

ufro aSkaraa is, rom poezia rogorc sfero, sadac 

samyaros grZnobiTi aRqma Warbobs da adamianis Sinagani 

arseba upirveles yovlisa emociebad da vnebebad 

gadmoiRvreba, zedmiwevniT esadageba qarTuli xasia- 

Tis agznebul emociurobas, iseve rogorc musika. 

qarTveli adamianis individualizmi da subieqtivizmi 

yvelaze adekvatur esTetikur gamoxatulebas 

lirikaSi povebs _ lirikis arsi xom swored subieqturobaa; 

samyaro masSi warmogvidgeba subieqtis rogorc 

centris garSemo SemWidroebulad; pirovneba, `me~ lirikaSi 

aRwevs Tavisuflebis da SeuzRudveli TviTgamovlenis 

sisrules. lirikuli poezia gasaqans aZlevs 

qarTuli xasiaTis artistizms, ramdenadac pirovnebas 

SesaZleblobas aniWebs gamoZerwos Tavisi is saxe, 

romelic misTvis sasurvelia, iTamaSos TavisTavi ise, 

rogorc surs da moswons, laRad da mTeli sisavsiT 

gamoaCinos Tavisi ganumeorebeli arseba, rac mZafr 

siamovnebas ganacdevinebs. 

Tu lirikuli poezia subieqturia, proza Tavisi 

Sinagani aRnagobiT intersubieqturia. poezia, lirika 

gaiSleba individuumis sivrceSi, proza _ socialur 

sivrceSi. lirikuli poezia, cxadia, adamianis sulieri 

cxovrebis siRrmis da simdidris ufaqizesi aRmbeWdvelia, 

magram adamianis bunebis da arsebobis araerTi 

aspeqti SeiZleba TvalnaTliv gamovlindes mxolod 

adamianebis urTierTobaSi, adamianebis mravalgvar ur- 

TierTqmedebaSi, romelic, bunebrivia, prozisTvis ufro 

misawvdomia. adamianTa erToblivi, sazogadoebrivi 

cxovrebis raoba, misi Sinagani kavSirebi da kanonzomierebebi, 

misi winaaRmdegobebi, problemebi da koliziebi 

upiratesad prozis mxatvruli kvlevis sagania. 

TviT es sagani Tavisi arsiT moiTxovs misdami aqtiur 

324

SemecnebiT mimarTebas, azris daZabul muSaobas, problemur 

TvalTaxedvas... sityvieri xelovnebis SemecnebiTi, 

analitikuri buneba, albaT, mainc ufro mkveTrad 

vlindeba epikaSi, romelic bolo saukuneebis manZilze 

metwilad prozis formiT arsebobs, vidre lirikaSi. 

srulfasovani prozis fundamentia adamianis da 

sazogadoebis Sesaxeb Zireuli simarTlis mikvlevis da 

gagebis neba. amis Sedegad igi warmogvidgeba rogorc 

sazogadoebis, eris mxatvruli TviTSemecnebis da 

TviTgagebis yvelaze tevadi da nayofieri forma, yvelaze 

utyuari, efeqtiani saSualeba. amitom bunebrivia, 

rom iq, sadac WeSmariti sazogadoebrivi da erovnuli 

TviTSemecnebis moTxovnileba gamoukveTelia, moumwifebelia, 

sadac amgvari TviTSemecnebis cdebs gaRizianebiT 

xvdebian, prozis ganviTarebisTvis xelSemwyobi 

atmosfero ar aris. damaxasiaTebelia am mxriv, rogor 

uxdeba ilia WavWavaZes `kacia-adamianis?!~ mkiTxvelis 

darwmuneba imaSi, rom simarTlis Secnoba aucilebelia... 

Tu sazogadoebas, ers jiutad ar surs sakuTar 

Tavze iluzoruli da Seferadebuli warmodgenebis 

daTmoba, ar surs Tavisi namdvili saxis xilva, es gavlenas 

axdens Semoqmedis mxatvrul cnobierebazec, bo- 

Wavs, zRvars daudebs mas. is, rac qarTul prozaSi Rirebulia, 

mniSvnelovanwilad am zRvaris Zneli garRvevis 

rezultatia. qarTveli adamianis da sazogadoebis 

Tavisufal, SeuzRudvel mxatvrul xedvas win rom araferi 

eRobebodes, Cvens prozaSi maRali faseulobebi, 

vfiqrobT, meti iqneboda. 

SemCneulia, rom Tavisuflebis uqonloba xels uSlis 

xalxs Tavisi Tavis WeSmarit danaxvaSi. TviTSenar- 

Cunebis instinqti Tavisuflebas moklebul ers karnaxobs 

Tavdacvis martiv da arcTu saukeTeso saSualebas 

_ iqmnides, Wvretdes da sxvasac uCvenebdes Tavis idealizebul 

xats, xolo borotebas da mankierebas upiratesad 

misdami dapirispirebul ZalaSi, saerTod ucxoSi 

xedavdes. 

Tu davukvirdebiT, qarTuli prozis yvelaze negatiuri 

personaJebi xSirad araqarTvelebi arian: mixeil 

325

javaxiSvilis jayo, rasputini, yaSa; grigol robaqiZis 

berzini; konstantine gamsaxurdias arzayani da farsman 

sparsi (es ukanaskneli warmoSobiT Tumca qarTvelia, 

magram denacionalizebulia); leo qiaCelis kuzma kilga... 

rasakvirvelia, es ar niSnavs, rom qarTveli mwerlebi 

ucxoTa siZulviliT arian Sepyrobili, maTve Seqmnili 

aqvT araqarTvelTa simpaTiuri saxeebi. es migvaniSnebs 

imaze, rom isini eridebian Zlieri, didi borotebis 

danaxvas qarTvel adamianSi, amjobineben igi araqarTvelSi 

aRmoaCinon; es migvaniSnebs im Znelad gadasalaxav 

zRudeze, romelic TviT niWier mweralTa cnobierebaSi 

arsebobs da romelsac isini awydebian qarTveli 

adamianis gamosaxvisas. aq naxsenebi yvela personaJi 

sainteresoa, Sinaganad savse da mxatvrulad mar- 

Talia swored imis wyalobiT, rom maTSi adamianis 

buneba, romelSic SeiZleba boroteba mZlavrobdes, 

yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSea gamokveTili. 

prozis xelovneba Zvirfasia rogorc adamianis arsebis 

da arsebobis mTeli winaaRmdegobrivi mravalgvarobis 

damnaxveli da xorcSemsxmeli unikaluri xelovneba. 

adamianis arseba da arseboba ki sikeTes da 

borotebas Soris aris ganfenili, sikeTis da borotebis 

dialeqtikuri mTlianobaa. adamianisadmi amouwuravi 

da Seunelebeli interesi, adamianis fenomenisadmi 

daJinebuli yuradReba, romelic prozis siZlieris pirobaa, 

aRiZvreba swored imis gancdiT Tu SegnebiT, 

rom adamiani aris sikeTis da borotebis dausrulebeli 

brZola mudam winaswarganuWvreteli da cvalebadi 

SedegiT. 

adamianze warmodgena, romelsac qarTuli erovnuli 

msoflxedva moicavs, upirveles yovlisa `vefxistyaosanSia~ 

kristalizebuli. rusTavelis poemaSi adamiani 

amaRlebulia, keTilSobili, sxvadasxva RirsebebiT 

Semkuli... poemis gmirebSi adamianis bunebis mravalferovneba 

uxvad aris gamomzeurebuli da Rrmad 

ixateba maT SinasamyaroSi moqmedi negatiuri Zalebic 

_ midrekileba amamRvreveli iracionaluri impulsebis 

da afeqtebis ayolisken, sasowarkveTili pasiuro- 

326

isken, gadametebuli siamaye, zogjer daundoblobac... 

magram es Zalebi isea Sezrdili maTsave Seudareblad 

ufro did RirsebebTan, rom isini am gmirebis saxeebs 

momxibvlelobas ar akleben; maT avtori moralistis 

TvalTaxedviT ar afasebs. poemaSi borotebis saTave 

Cveulebrivi adamianuri samyaros miRmaa gadatanili. 

borotebis arasubstanciurobis rusTaveliseuli koncefcia 

gulisxmobs imasac, rom borotebas ara aqvs 

substanciuri sayrdeni TviT adamianSi. 

rusTavelis adreulrenesansuli optimisturi 

msoflmxedvelobisgan ganuyofeli adamianis keTili 

arsis rwmena da ndoba adamianisadmi, romlisTvisac bunebrivia 

iyos amaRlebuli da keTilSobili, tradiciuli 

qarTuli nacionaluri msoflgagebis niSnad ikve- 

Teba da Rrma gavlenas axdens qarTul mxatvrul 

cnobierebaze. 

adamianis Sesaxeb amgvari, poeturad naTeli da ndobiT 

gamsWvaluli warmodgenis aSkara Tu faruli zemoqmedeba, 

erTi mxriv, qarTuli kulturis humanistur 

gezs ganamtkicebs; magram, meore mxriv, es zemoqmedeba, 

rogorc Cans, ganapirobebs imas, rom CvenSi SedarebiT 

naklebi Zalisaa midrekileba adamianis fenomenis daZabuli 

esTetikuri Wvretisken, eWvnarevi, CaZiebuli analizisken 

da adamianis bunebis sirTulis da winaaRmdegobriobis, 

masSi boroti sawyisis sakmaod didi wilis 

srulad gamomJRavnebisken. prozis WeSmariti faseulobis 

upirvelesi maCvenebeli ki swored adamianis farTo 

da mravalmniSvnelovani mxatvruli koncefciaa... 

SesaZloa, yvelaze dramatuli sulieri procesi, 

romelic dRevandel saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs, aris 

tradiciul-optimisturi Tvalsazrisis rRveva adamianze 

saerTod da qarTvel adamianze kerZod. axla es 

Tvalsazrisi ufro kritikuli da mkacri SexedulebiT 

icvleba. savaraudoa, rom qarTuli mxatvruli azrovnebac 

ufro `prozauli~ gaxdeba... 

1992 

327


individualizmi Tu egoizmi 

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom qristianobaSi qarTvelebisTvis 

gansakuTrebiT maxlobeli da mimzidveli aRmoCnda 

misi erT-erTi Rrma Tavisebureba _ individuumis 

TavisTavadi faseulobis ganmtkiceba. qristianuli 

TvalsazrisiT, yoveli calkeuli adamiani samyaros 

Semoqmedi RvTaebrivi pirovnebis partniori da msoflio 

sulieri dramis srulfasovani, aucilebeli monawilea; 

TviTeuli kaci RmerTis siyvarulis da mzrunvelobis 

adresatia, amasTanave mas Tavisufleba aqvs mini- 

Webuli da absoluturi pasuxismgebloba ekisreba. es 

individis TviTSegrZnebas, TviTcnobierebas aRvivebs 

da amaxvilebs. 

qristianobis SemweobiT ixveweba qarTuli individualizmi, 

romlis srulyofil arss da iers `vefxistyaosanSi~ 

vpovebT. aq individualizmi gamovlenilia 

rogorc pirovnebis umaRlesi faseulobis, Rirsebis da 

daniSnulebis TviTSegneba da amave dros mis mier sxva 

pirovnebis aseTive rangis sruli aRiareba. rusTavelis 

gmirebis individualizmi araTu uaryofs sxvaTa 

nebas, uflebebs, interesebs, aramed swored sxvebTan 

Tanxmierebis ZiebiT amagrebs TavisTavs. igi esadageba 

RmerTis pirovnul bunebas da mis mier individualizaciis 

principiT Seqmnil samyaros (`gvaqvs uTvalavi feriTa~), 

adamianis keTilSobilur mowodebas da sazogadoebis 

uzenaes interesebs. 

Tu qristianobis wiaRSi momwifebuli da renesansis 

mier mZlavrad damkvidrebuli individualizmis safuZvelze 

dasavlur samyaroSi, saboloo angariSiT, Tavisufali 

socialur-politikuri sistema warmoiSva, saqarTvelos 

Semdgomi cxovreba am geziT veRar warimarTa. 

mZime istoriulma pirobebma individualizmis 

Tanmdevi cdunebebi, romlebic ramdenadme `vefxis- 

328

tyaosanSic~ mJRavndeba, ukiduresad gaamZafra, misi 

damdablebis, gadagvarebis safrTxe maqsimalurad gaanivTa. 

pirvel rigSi, albaT, imitom, rom `mes~ Zlieri 

SegrZneba da cnobiereba moicavs am `mes~ SenarCunebis, 

gadarCenis aseTsave Zlier moTxovnilebas, romelsac 

dramatuli garemoebebi, ganadgurebis saSiSroeba metad 

amwvavebs da ubiZgebs ganxorcieldes sxva adamian- 

Ta xarjze. 

amgvarad gadaZala individualizmi misive codviTdacemis 

nayofma _ mZafrma egoizmma, piradi TviTSenarCunebis 

da TviTdamkvidrebisken wregadasulma swrafvam 

da sxva adamianebis Rirsebis da interesTa ugulebelyofam. 

gabatonda individualizmis mkveTrad gamoxatul 

egoizmad gadagvarebis tendencia. 

gansakuTrebiT Znelad SesazRudavi gaxda es tendencia 

saqarTvelos ruseTis imperiaSi moqcevis Semdeg. 

damoukidebel saxelmwifoSi egoizmis Zalas erTgvarad 

mainc anelebda imis Segneba, rom TavkerZoba 

mavnea qveynisTvis. xolo qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis 

gauqmebam egoizms xel-fexi kidev ufro gauxsna — igi 

ise miutevebeli aRar Canda, radgan qveynis bedi ukve 

gadawyvetili iyo. 

Semdeg, komunisturi diqtaturis dros, TviTSenar- 

Cunebis instinqtis gaxelebam da amasTanave karieris 

keTebis, aRzevebis arnaxulad moZalebulma sacdurma 

qarTuli xasiaTis deformireba saSineli siswrafiT da 

ZaliT gaagrZela. damaxinjebuli individualizmis 

`ganviTarebas~ didad Seewyo xeli, radgan diqtatura 

aris aRzevebulTa dakanonebuli TavmoTneoba, TviTneboba, 

maT mier zneobrivi da samarTlebrivi principebis 

ukugdeba, anu samyarosTan egocentruli mimarTebis 

gamefeba. diqtatori da isini, visac igi Zalauflebas 

metnaklebad uwiladebs, masas warmatebulobis 

etalonebad warmoudgebian, ese igi, arsebiTad momxiblavi 

da sanimuSoa gamarjvebuli egocentrizmi... 

saqarTvelos aRorZineba egoizmis individualizmad 

gardaqmnis tolfasia. es gulisxmobs pirovnebis 

Rirsebis grZnobis gamococxlebas, romelic sxvisi 

329

Rirsebis aRiarebiT afuZnebs da aZlierebs TavisTavs; 

anu gulisxmobs tradiciuli qarTuli moraluri cnobierebis 

Camomyalibebeli mTavari Zalis _ Tavmoyvareobis 

gaRviZebas, romelic adamianis arazneobrivi impulsebis 

Semakavebelia da mis energias konstruqciuli 

saqmianobisken mimarTavs, amiT ki Tavisuflebas 

nergavs da icavs. 

1990 

330

qarTuli orsaxovneba 

erovnul Temaze msjelobis srul da gabedul gulaxdilobas, 

romliTac gamoirCeva nikolo miwiSvilis 

`fiqrebi saqarTveloze~, Cven mxolod axla veCveviT. es 

gulaxdiloba, werilis avtoris wrfeli tkivili dasafasebelia, 

imis miuxedavad, gaviziarebT mis mosazrebebs 

Tu ara. 

nikolo miwiSvilis TvalTaxedva upirispirdeba 

erovnuli TviTaRqmis narcisul stils da amiT aris 

saintereso da STambeWdavi. sxva sakiTxia, ramdenad safuZvliania 

misi pozicia. 

iseve rogorc axlandel nihilistur ganwyobilebebs, 

nikolo miwiSvilis nihilizms iwvevs mouzomavi 

pretenziebis, iluziebis gaqarwyleba. erovnuli nihilizmi 

iluziebis sinamdvilesTan Seusabamobis gacnobierebas 

mosdevs. iluziebi rom ar yofiliyo, arc 

nihilizmi iqneboda. 

nikolo miwiSvili imis gamo wuxs, rom arsebobs qar- 

Tul kulturaze Zlieri kulturebi. magram bunebrivia, 

rom mcirericxovani, TiTqmis mudmivad gansacdel- 

Si myofi xalxis kultura Camouvardebodes didi da 

mZlavri saxelmwifoebis kulturas. davjerdeT imas, 

rom Cvens kulturul faseulobaTa nawili saerTaSoriso 

mniSvnelobis mqonea. 

`fiqrebSi~ laparakia `qarTuli ideis~ bundovanebis 

Tu ararsebobis Sesaxeb, magram qarTul kulturaSi 

ganfenili samyaros suraTis da faseulobaTa wyobis 

originaluri ieri mkafioa. xolo Tu is gvinda, rom 

msoflios kulturul cxovrebaSi didi qveynebis rolis 

tolfasi roli mogvekuTvnos, es gadaWarbebuli 

pretenziulobaa. cxadia, realobasTan misi SeuTavsebloba 

ar niSnavs, rom qarTul kulturas ara aqvs Tavisi 

gamorCeuli saxe. rogorc vxedavT, nihilizms daukmayofilebeli 

erovnuli ambiciuroba, Tamaz natroSvilis 

TqmiT, èrovnuli gandidebis mania~ warmoSobs. 

Cveni metismeti pretenziuloba ar aris auxsneli _ 

upirveles yovlisa mas kvebavs meTormete saukunis 

331

saqarTvelos xsovna, romelic imdroindeli msoflios 

erT-erT dawinaurebul saxelmwifos warmoadgenda. misi 

ganviTareba tragikulad rom ar CaxSobiliyo, SeiZleba 

did qveynebTan gatolebis Cvens Jins niadagi mar- 

Tlac aRmoCenoda. amitom dagvrCa gamouyenebeli, ararealizebuli 

potenciis tkiviliani SegrZneba, romelsac 

aqarvebda iluzia, rom òqros xanis~ saqarTvelo 

erTi xelis gawvdenazea. axla gvixdeba imis aRiareba, 

rom mas Zalian varT daSorebuli da es mwarea. dacemis 

siRrme im simaRliT ganizomeba, romelzec pretenzias 

vacxadebdiT. wamxdari raindi trivialur naZiralaze 

uaresad gamoiyureba, radgan misi waxdenis sazomi rainduli 

kodeqsia. 

`qarTuli idea~, romlis gamoukveTelobazec nikolo 

miwiSvili saubrobs, yovel SemTxvevaSi, misi erTerT 

mTavari waxnagi, albaT, adamianTa Rrma, fundamenturi 

axloblobis da naTesaobis rwmenaa. am intuitur 

grZnobas da misgan aRmocenebul naTlad gaazrebul 

ideals, gansakuTrebuli STagonebiT gamoTqmuls rus- 

Tavelis da vaJa-fSavelas poetur enaze, qarTul 

cnobierebaSi da yofaSi warmmarTveli mniSvneloba 

ekisreba: kultis rangSia ayvanili adamianuri urTier- 

Tobebis, Tanacxovrebis Tbili simWidrove, adamianebis 

axlobluri keTilmosurneoba erTmaneTisadmi, urTierTdaxmareba 

da urTierTgatana... qarTveli adamianis- 

Tvis tradiciulad Seudarebeli faseuloba da mimzidveloba 

aqvs arsebobis aseT wess, axloblobis eToss. 

maSinac ki, roca misi namdvili Sinaarsi aorTqlebulia 

da igi iluzorul-farisevlur xasiaTs iZens, axloblobis 

eTosi mainc ZalaSia _ TviT farisevluri moCvenebiTobac 

misi maiZulebeli zemoqmedebis gamovlenaa. 

rogorc amboben, Cveni nakli Cvenive Rirsebebis gagrZelebaa. 

da, SesaZloa, paradoqsuli qarTuli orsaxovneba 

iqidanac warmodgebodes, rom axloblobis suli, 

atmosfero badebs adamianTa Tanabrobis mwvave 

moTxovnilebas da biZgs aZlevs metoqeobis Jins, es ki 

saTaved edeba yvelanairi saSualebiT TviTdamkvidrebisken 

swrafvas, egoistur individualizms. 

332

xolo igi Tumca privatul arsebobasac amRvrevs, 

gacilebiT ufro Seukavebelia socialur da saxelmwifoebriv 

yofaSi, radgan swored aq mimdinareobs egoistur 

ltolvaTa gansakuTrebuli ZaliT aRmZvreli 

procesi _ Zalauflebis, pativis, simdidris ganawileba. 

ganyenebulad Tu vimsjelebT, TviTdamkvidrebisken 

swrafva, individualizmi dasavleTTan unda gvaaxloebdes. 

magram dasavluri individualizmi erwymis racionalizms, 

romelic zRudavs TviTnebobas da egoistur 

instinqtebs, awesrigebs socialur yofierebas, 

aadvilebs kanonis morCilebas, radgan kanoni swored 

racios warmonaqmnia, obieqtivirebuli gonebaa. Cveni 

individualizmi ki gadajaWvulia aRmosavlurad Warb 

mgrZnobelobasTan; Cvens TviTnebobas goniereba da, 

Sesabamisad, kanonmorCileba ar lagmavs, igi arc vnebebis 

duRils acxrobs. 

Tavis droze qarTul msoflgagebaSic daisaxa individualizmis 

da racionalizmis mTlianoba, magram misi 

sinamdvileSi damkvidreba veRar moxerxda. `vefxistyaosani~ 

individuumis piradi bednierebis principTan 

erTad gonebis, racionaluri da mizanmimarTuli qmedebis 

upiratesobas afuZnebs ukontrolo vnebaTRelvis 

da afeqtebis moZalebis mimarT, romelic arsebiTi 

sasicocxlo miznebis miRwevas SeuZlebels xdis da pasiurobiT 

da fatalizmiT sruldeba; anu am wignSi dasavleTi 

Zlevs aRmosavleTs. realobaSi Semdgom piriqiT 

moxda... 

gvinda gamovexmauroT `fiqrebTan~ dakavSirebiT 

givi maRularias mier gamoTqmul azrs eris kulturuli 

aRzrdis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. kulturis da ganaTlebis 

tvirTia qarTuli cnobierebis ganaxleba da 

Tanamedrove samyarosTan misadageba. kulturam unda 

SeaZlebinos ers, iseve rogorc pirovnebas, sakuTari 

arsebis floba da daxvewa, misi pozitiuri mxareebis 

gaZliereba da uaryofiTi Zalebis metnaklebad damor- 

Cileba, sublimireba. kultura gakeTilSobilebuli, 

gafaqizebuli bunebaa da es eris Sinagan bunebasac exeba. 4 

1994 

333

Tavmomwoneobis bangi 

saqarTvelos Tanamedrove tragedias aqvs aramarto 

socialur-politikuri, aramed ufro Rrma mizezebic, 

romlebic sulieri arsebobis sferoSia saZiebeli. saerTodac 

sarwmuno Cans Tvalsazrisi, rom politika 

sazogadoebis sulieri cxovrebis siRrmeSi mimdinare 

procesis ukufenaa sinamdvilis zedapirze. 

imis erT-erT mTavar ganmapirobebel faqtorad, 

rac axla saqarTveloSi xdeba, mogvevlina Cveni araadekvaturi 

warmodgena sakuTar Tavze, araWeSmariti 

erovnuli TviTgageba da TviTSefaseba. es ufro TvalsaCino 

iqneba, Tuki gaviazrebT, rom adekvaturi warmodgena 

Tavis raobaze, midrekilebebze da SesaZleblobebze 

xels uwyobs eris, iseve rogorc pirovnebis, 

zrdas, namdvil TviTdamkvidrebas, mis mier realisturi 

miznebis gamokveTas da nayofier aqtivobas am 

miznebis misaRwevad. Sesabamisad, sakuTari Tavis araswori 

gageba da Sefaseba, pretenziebis da SesaZleblobebis 

uTanadoba iwvevs pirovnebis Tu eris Sinagani 

zrdis Seferxebas, dezorientirebas, xelismocarvas. 

is komikur, tragikomikur an, roca realobasTan konfliqti 

gansakuTrebiT Rrmaa, tragikul xvedrs umzadebs 

pirovnebasac da ersac. 

sainteresoa, Tu rodis da rogor Camouyalibda 

qarTvel xalxs TavisTavze idealizebuli Sexeduleba, 

rogor aRmocenda mis TviTcnobierebaSi sakuTari sidiadis 

da aRmatebulobis grZnoba, erTgvari `srulfasovnebis 

kompleqsi~, romelic sinamdvilesTan SeuTavsebeli 

aRmoCnda. 

Tumca SeiZleba gveCvenebodes, rom sakuTari Tavisadmi 

aRtacebuli damokidebuleba mudam mZlavrobda, 

magram adre saqarTvelo ukeTesad, ufro realisturad 

acnobierebda Tavis arsebas. adreul qarTul kulturaSi 

erovnuli TviTtkbobis gamovlinebebi TiTqmis 

ar SeiniSneba (ioane zosimes `qebai da didebai qarTulisa 

enisai~ Tavisi suliskveTebiT saerTo ganwyobis 

anarekli ar Cans). Tu XII saukuneSi Tavs iCens aRfrTo- 

334

vaneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi Zlierebis gamo, 

saqarTvelos sidiadis gancda, amas obieqturi safuZveli 

hqonda. momdevno saukuneebSi ki saqarTvelos da 

qarTvelebis gandidebis anabeWdebi ar SeimCneva, rac 

agreTev bunebrivia. amisgan mTlianad dazRveulia ise- 

Ti mwerlebis Semoqmedeba, rogorebic sulxan-saba orbeliani 

da daviT guramiSvili arian. maTi mimarTeba nacionaluri 

sinamdvilisadmi Zalian Sorsaa Tavmomwoneobisgan, 

metad fxizeli da kritikulia. qarTuli sinamdvilis 

`mopirkeTebis~ cdas verc baraTaSvilis poeziaSi vpovebT, 

xolo Tavis pirad werilebSi igi sakmaod mware 

SeniSvnebs gamoTqvams am sinamdvilis mimarT. mis SemoqmedebaSi 

warsulis idealizaciis wilic umniSvneloa, 

rac miTufro TvalSisacemia, rom romantikosebs saer- 

Tod gamoarCevT warsulis amaRlebulad warmosaxva. 

CvenTanac erovnuli istoriis idealizeba romantizmSi 

iqna wamowyebuli. grigol orbelianis `sadRegrZeloSi~ 

saqarTvelos warsuli da aramarto warsuli 

cxovreba gmirobis da siqvelis brwyinvale aRlumad 

aris warmodegnili, romelSic araviTar borotebas disonansi 

ar Seaqvs. ufro Rrma TvalTaxedva msWvalavs 

leqss `Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi~, sadac warsulis 

simaRliT ganizomeba da SeZrwunebiT ganicdeba 

awmyos dakninebuloba. aseTi Sepirispireba SenarCunebulia 

ilia WavWavaZis, akaki wereTlis, vaJa-fSavelas 

xedvaSi: isini Zalian kritikulad uyureben da afaseben 

Tavis Tanadroul qarTul sazogadoebas, magram warsulidan 

gamoarCeven heroikuls da amaRlebuls (`mefe 

dimitri Tavdadebuli~, `Tornike erisTavi~, `baxtrioni~...). 

maTTvis warsulis calmxrivi, heroizebul-idealizebuli 

warmoCena ubadruki Tanamedroveobis mxilebis 

saSualebaa. 

TviTgandidebis da narcisizmis fenomeni qarTul 

erovnul TviTcnobierebaSi Camoyalibebul saxes iZens 

da batondeba mxolod meoce saukuneSi, romlis damdegidan 

sistematizebuli xasiaTi eZleva qarTuli samyaros 

zeawevis da monumentalizaciis literaturulsaazrovno 

tendencias. misi nebiT qarTul sinamdviles 

335

masStabi da brwyinvaleba aqvs momatebuli, rasac xels 

uwyobs konkretul-empiriuli realobis Seviwroeba da 

gamkrTaleba miTiur-legenduri warmosaxvis mier. 

es tendencia, XIX saukunis tradiciisgan gansxvavebiT, 

saqarTvelos da qarTvelebs saxavs ara rogorc 

Soreul warsulSi did qveyanas da xalxs, romelmac 

Semdeg daqveiTeba ganicada, aramed rogorc axlac arsebiTad 

dids. misTvis saqarTvelos, qarTvelobis arsi 

raRac metafizikuria da igi, Tundac gareSe mizezebis 

gamo mTeli sisruliT ver vlindebodes an TviTonve 

raRac naklic axldes, mainc naklis CaTvliT yovel- 

Tvis diadi, cxovelmyofeli da mZlavria. 

am arsis metafizikuri amaRlebuloba enobrivad 

gamoixateba Tanamedrove metyvelebisgan sagangebo da- 

SorebiT, sityvisTvis arqaul-zeaweuli elferis micemiT. 

iqmneba pretenziuli stili, romlis Sesaferisia 

literaturuli gmiric... 

TviTgandidebis tendenciam daZlia qarTuli sinamdvilis 

realisturad uiluzio literaturuli warmosaxva 

_ ilia WavWavaZis, daviT kldiaSvilis, mixeil 

javaxiSvilis esTetikur-zneobrivi poziciis sayrdeni 

principi da didi zegavlena moaxdina meoce saukunis 

qarTuli masobrivi cnobierebis formirebaze. 

ase imitomac moxda, rom komunisturi ideologizebuli 

diqtatura Znelad iTmenda erovnuli xasiaTis, 

cnobierebisken mimarTul cocxal da kritikul azrsac. 

igi miuRebeli iyo sabWoTa reJimisTvis, romelic 

aramarto Trgunavda, aramed epirfereboda kidec sab- 

WoTa kavSiris xalxebs _ am xerxiTac imorCilebda maT. 

eri, romlis pativmoyvareobac dakmayofilebulia, naklebad 

ufiqrdeba Tavis arsebobas, naklebad svams mwvave 

kiTxvebs da amdenad ufro uwyinari da ioli samarTavia. 

magram saqarTveloSi erovnuli Tavmomwoneobis da 

TviTgandidebis mTavar, yvelaze Zlier gamRviveblad 

mainc stalinis fenomeni mogvevlina: sabediswero mniSvneloba 

hqonda am pirovnebis qarTvelobas. stalinis 

kultis pirobebSi saqarTvelos istoriis, saerTod 

qarTuli samyaros zeaweva da gandideba am kultis, 

336

stalinis gandidebis Tanxmieri iyo. es ori faqtori 

erTmaneTs aZlierebda da erTi mimarTulebiT moqmedebda, 

ajadoebda qarTul masobriv cnobierebas iluziiT, 

rom saqarTvelos sidiade aRorZinda da ganxorcielda 

stalinis grandiozul figuraSi. istoriuli 

romanebis gmirebi, qarTveli mefeebi stalinis arqetipebad 

da winamorbedad warmodgebodnen; Cveni TvalsaCino 

poetebi amirans adarebdnen stalins an, vTqvaT, 

acxadebdnen, rom misi suli Tamar mefis sulidan aRen- 

To da misi akvanic Tamaris xeliT dairwa. saqarTvelos 

diadi warsulis da awmyos uwyvetoba stalinSi gansaxierda: 

òri saxeli erTmaneTs erwymis, didi stalini da 

didi SoTa~. TviT stalinsac Wirdeboda qarTuli samyaros 

gandideba sakuTari sidiadis rogorc kanonzomieri 

movlenis warmosaCenad (amitom Catarda misi kur- 

TxeviT rusTavelis da ilias iubileebi, qarTuli kulturis 

dekada moskovSi...). 

stalini qarTvelTa gamorCeulobis da aRmatebulobis 

Seuval argumentad iqca, amis gamo aRmoCnda misi 

kulti CvenSi ase gamZle. qarTulma Tavmomwoneobam 

swored stalinis mmarTvelobis periodSi da stalinis 

figuris zegavleniT miiRo saboloo saxe da kanonikuri 

statusi. 

samarTlianoba moiTxovs iTqvas, rom sabWoTa reJimis 

pirobebSi qarTuli samyaros gandideba nacionaluri 

TviTmyofadobis da Rirsebis dacvis saSualebad 

isaxeboda, magram arsebiTad TviTgandidebis fenomeni 

amrudebda patriotizms. xelisuflebisTvis ki erovnul 

TviTgandidebas da TviTtkbobas safrTxe arasdros 

Seuqmnia. TviTgandideba sinamdvileSi erovnuli 

umweobis safarvelia da mas xelisufleba aramarto 

iwynarebda, aramed iyenebda kidec. misTvis saSiSi iqneboda 

Tvalaxelili, kritikuli patriotizmi, xolo 

TviTgandidebaSi imaleboda safrTxe CvenTvis da ara 

sabWoTa reJimisTvis. 

poststalinuri epoqis qarTul kulturaSi SeadrebiT 

gaZlierda nacionaluri sinamdvilisadmi realistur-kritikuli 

damokidebuleba _ literaturaSi, Te- 

337

atrSi, kinoSi ... magram es sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda masobriv 

cnobierebaSi ukve myarad CabeWdili araadekvaturi 

erovnuli avtoportretis Sesasworeblad. sabWoTa 

kavSiris daSlis process TavmomwoneobiT dabanguli 

saqarTvelo ise Sexvda, rom ar icnobda Tavis WeSmarit 

raobas, SesaZleblobebs _ zneobrivs, inteleqtualurs, 

materialurs. amitom ifeTqa Jinma, saqarTvelo 

yofiliyo sabWoTa kavSiris damSlel ZalTa avangardi, 

rasac lamis TviT saqarTvelos daSla moyves ... xalxs 

ganumtkicebdnen da uRrmavebdnen misi sidiadis sasiamovno 

iluzias, macdur iluzias, rom misTvis nebismieri 

siZnele iolad gadasalaxia. da realobamac saSineli 

SurisZieba ar daayovna. 

realoba ki is aris, rom romantikuli qarTveli raindis 

stereotipuli xatis zedapiris qveS Tavi Seafara 

amayma ukulturobam da umaqnisobam, dagrovda avadmyofuri 

egoizmis feTqebadi nivTiereba, qvena impuls- 

Ta damangreveli energia. da Tumca axlac, rogorc yovelTvis 

saqarTvelos istoriaSi, mJRavndeba keTilSobilebis 

da TviT gmirobis magaliTebic, eris da qveynis 

mTlian sulier-zneobriv saxes, cxadia, es ar ayalibebs. 

magram saqarTvelos axlandeli gansacdeli, SesaZloa, 

ar gamodges amao tanjva, Tu igi gaaRviZebs samyaros 

da samyaroSi sakuTari Tavis marTlad xedvis da 

TviTsrulyofis myar moTxovnilebas _ pirovnebis, 

sazogadoebis, eris ganviTareba mxolod WeSmariti 

TviTSemecnebis safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli. 

swored TviTsrulyofis da ara primitiuli, Sinaganad 

carieli TviTtkbobis stimulatori unda iyos 

saqarTvelos istoriaSi dadasturebuli nacionaluri 

energiis Zlieri gamovlinebebi, qarTuli kulturis 

STambeWdavi monapovrebi. ra Tqma unda, TviTsrulyofa, 

Rirsebis aRdgena da progresi Zneli misaRwevia. Seudareblad 

ufro advilia deklamaciur da amdenad 

unayofo TviTgvemas movyveT, erovnul nihilizms davnebdeT, 

romelsac sakuTar Tavze Seferadebuli da 

gadaWarbebuli warmodgenis msxvreva warmoSobs. 

1993 

338

myari saxelmwifos gareSe 

dRevandeli qarTvelebi, iseve rogorc sxva xalxebi, 

TavisTavSi, Tavis cnobierebaSi da socialuri cxovrebis 

wesSi atareben sakuTar istorias. CvenSi gacxadebulia 

Cveni istoria, Cvens arsebaSi SenivTebulia Cveni 

istoriuli biografia. 

xSirad gveCveneba (ufro sworad, gveCveneboda), rom 

axlandeli qarTvelebi pirdapir meTormete saukunidan 

movdivarT, am epoqasTan uSualod varT dakavSirebuli. 

sinamdvileSi qarTuli nacionaluri xasiaTi, rogoric 

igi dRes warmogvidgeba, ZiriTadad swored me- 

Tormete saukunis Semdeg, ukanaskneli xuTi-eqvsi saukunis 

manZilzea formirebuli. ra ganasxvavebs am periods 

wina periodisgan, roca saqarTvelom Zlierebas, 

keTildReobas, kulturul aRmavlobas miaRwia? es gansxvaveba 

TiTqos TavisTavad cxadia, yvelasTvis aSkaraa 

_ mecamete saukunidan moyolebuli qveyana TiTqmis 

ganuwyvetliv ganicdida sastik agresias, iyo dapyrobebi, 

ngreva... 

ra Tqma unda, es tragediaa, magram Cven ar vacnobierebT, 

rom aranakleb tragikuli da sabediswero iyo is, 

rac agresias Sedegad mosdevda _ saxelmwifoebrivi 

struqturis, wesrigis dasusteba da moryeva, anarqiuli 

stiqiis mZlavroba. meTormete saukunis mere qarTveli 

xalxi cxovrobda myife, ngrevadi saxelmwifoebriobis 

pirobebSi, TiTqmis mudmivi areulobis, kanonierebis 

rRvevis viTarebaSi, anda, bolo or saukuneze 

Tu vilaparakebT, ucxo saxelmwifos farglebSi, rac 

aseve ar aRvivebda saxelmwifoebrivi wesrigisadmi da 

kanonisadmi pativiscemas (miTumetes, rom TviT es saxelmwifoc 

ar gamoirCeoda kanonierebis pativiscemiT). 

Cvenma uaxloesma istoriam ufro Soreuli istoriis 

mkveTrad danaxvis, adekvaturi gagebis SesaZlebloba 

mogvca. Tu warmovidgenT da gaviazrebT, rom saqarTvelo 

aswleulebis manZilze cxovrobda ise, rogorc 

Cven vcxovrobT ukanasknel xanebSi, _ saxelmwifo 

wesrigis gareSe, omebis, anarqiis, ganukiTxaobis 

339

viTarebaSi _ aRar gagvakvirvebs, rom axla ase gviWirs 

saxelmwifos organizeba, rom ase sustia Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi 

Segneba, kultura. 

myari, mowesrigebuli saxelmwifoebriobis gareSe 

ver viTardeba, daqveiTebas ganicdis ganaTleba da 

kultura rogorc sistema da mxolod xandaxan, stiqiurad, 

arakanonzomierad Tu xdeba inteleqtualur-SemoqmedebiTi 

energiis gamosxiveba. amitom meToTxmetemeTvramete 

saukuneebSi TiTqmis ar Seqmnila maSindeli 

qarTuli cxovrebis marTlad gamomsaxveli, esTetikurad 

Rirebuli mxatvruli nawarmoebebi, Torem ufro 

gagviadvildeboda dagvenaxa, rom qarTuli nacionaluri 

xasiaTis Camomyalibebeli upiratesad swored es 

epoqaa da Cven yvelaze metad misi memkvidreebi varT. 

erTaderTi imdroindeli literaturuli nawarmoebi, 

romelic mZafrad gviCvenebs da gvagrZnobinebs, Tu ras 

niSnavs sazogadoebisTvis Zlieri, centralizebuli 

saxelmwifos gareSe arseboba, rogor socialur da 

zneobriv qaoss warmoSobs isedac susti saxelmwifoebrivi 

warmonaqmnebis kidev ufro damasustebeli da 

damangreveli urTierTdapirispireba, guramiSvilis 

`daviTiania~... 

roca saxelmwifo, kanoniereba da samarTali sustia, 

xdeba Zalauflebis gafantva da misi ganawileba 

Zlieri individebis mier, romlebic TviTon aweseben 

`kanonebs~, moqmedeben voluntaristulad, Tavisi egoisturi 

impulsebis da interesebis karnaxiT. saxelmwifos 

uZlureba sazogadoebaSi TviTnebobis da egocentrizmis 

suls amkvidrebs, rac did Tu patara tiranebs 

aRmoacenebs. 

tirani feodalis socialur-fsiqologiur tips xatavs 

niko lorTqifaniZe `mrisxane batonSi~. es aris 

adamiani, romlisTvisac arc amqveyniuri samarTali arsebobs 

da arc zeciuri, arafers niSnavs zneobrivi imperativebi 

da mis mtaceblur, sastik Zalauflebis nebas 

verc saxelmwifos mimarT SiSi Tokavs, radgan saxelmwifo 

sustia, moSlilia. 

340

`mrisxane batonSi~ Cans, rom cxovreba saxelmwifoebrivi 

wesrigis da kanonierebis gareSe xalxSi SiSis, 

daucvelobis sulis gamomfitav grZnobas badebs, ukiduresad 

amwvavebs TviTgadarCenisken zneobrivad brma 

ltolvas... 

saxelmwifos mxriv daucveli adamiani Zlier mfarvels 

eZebs romelime aRzevebuli personis saxiT. anda 

igi unda daicvas axlobelTa wrem, gvarma, sanaTesaom — 

klanma. arsebobs agreTve politikuri dajgufebebi, 

romlebic maTTan mikedlebul adamians ase Tu ise icaven, 

Tumca es gaerTianebebi sakmaod myifea. 

niko lorTqifaniZis `JamTa siaveSi~ vxedavT pirovnebas, 

romelsac awuxebs Tavisi qveynis yovelmxrivi 

degradacia, saxelmwifos sisustiT rom aris gamowveuli, 

surs saxelmwifoebriobis ganmtkiceba da qveynis 

progresuli ganviTareba; magram mis ukan ar dgas Zlieri 

klani, xolo is politikuri dajgufeba, romelic 

Tavisken ibirebs, miuRebelia misTvis rogorc saxelmwifos 

interesebTan dapirispirebuli; Tanac am dajgufebasTan 

kavSiri iulonisgan rainduli moralis 

ugulebelyofas moiTxovs... zneobrivad amRvreul garemoSi 

iuloni ucodveli mainc ver rCeba, magram is imdenad 

codvebisTvis ar isjeba, ramdenadac Tavis 

keTilSobilebas emsxverpleba, iseve rogorc vaxtangi 

`mrisxane batonSi~ _ anarqiul, ukanono da uzneo socialur 

sinamdvileSi keTilSobilebis gamovlena sicocxlisTvis 

saxifaToa. 

am sinamdvilis arsebiTi niSani materialur sidux- 

WiresTan erTad aris religiuri cxovrebis gaRatakebac, 

rwmenis sisuste, RmerTisgan siSore. religiisgan 

mxolod formalizebuli rituali da ritorikaa 

darCenili, igi veRar warmarTavs da awesrigebs adamianebis 

zneobriv yofierebas. 

rogor unda dabinduliyo qristianuli cnobiereba 

gviani Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, rom Cveulebriv 

ambad, yoveldRiuri yofis atributad qceuliyo adamianebis 

datyveveba da gayidva, adamianebiT vaWroba. 

rasakvirvelia, am movlenaSi religiurobis Sesuste- 

341

asTan erTad saxelmwifoebrivi wesrigis sruli moSlac 

mJRavndeba. orive es faqtori TviTnebobis, egocentrizmis 

mkvebavia da tiranis socialur-fsiqologiuri 

tipis gverdiT yaCaRis tips aCens. 

yaCaRi da tirani erTi fenomenis nairsaxeobebad SeiZleba 

miviCnioT, maT bevri ram aqvT saziaro _ avtoritaruloba, 

Zalis kulti, voluntarizmi, religiur 

da eTikur faseulobaTa ignorireba. arc tirani da arc 

yaCaRi ar cnobs kanons da samarTals, orive kanongareSe 

arsebobs. 

jemal qarCxaZis àntoniosa da daviTSi~ adamianebiT 

movaWre yaCaRi saxelmwifo wesrigis moSlis produqtia, 

ukanonobis msxverplia da Tavis mxriv amravlebs 

ukanonobas, borotebas. misi nihilizmi, cinizmi 

religiisadmi kanonzomierad warmoiSoba sazogadoeba- 

Si, sadac suli da zneoba sayrdengamoclilia. magali- 

Tad, aq arabunebrivi ar aris, rom RvTismsaxurebi 

ukulturo, usindiso adamianebi iyvnen. 

es cruqristianuli sazogadoeba monur Semgueblobas 

iCens aRmaSfoTebeli borotebisadmi _ adamianebiT 

vaWrobisadmi, yaCaRs xalxic da saero Tu sasuliero 

zedafenac terorizebuli hyavs da protestis 

grZnobas es aravisSi badebs. Tavwaxrili morCileba 

ukanono, usamarTlo Zalisadmi, sulmokle konformizmi 

saxelmwifoebriobis da religiurobis rRvevis 

Tanmdevia. 

borotebas ar urigdeba saqarTvelos evropeli 

stumari _ misTvis rogorc WeSmaritad religiuri 

adamianisTvis qristianoba aqtiuri sulieri dapirispirebaa 

borotebasTan aramarto sakuTar TavSi, aramed 

socialur garemoSic. igi Tavisi pirovnuli yofierebis 

siRrmidan SeaRwevs yaCaRis Sinagani arsebis siRrmeSi, 

poulobs iq agresiulobis pirvelmizezs, fesvs _ 

SiSs da moZaladis sulis gankurnebas SeZlebs. magram 

es saswaulis tolfasi aqti amao gamodgeba, radgan saxelmwifoebriv 

da zneobriv wesrigs moklebul sinamdvileSi 

mxolod sikeTis da simarTlis CamxSobi raRac 

342

jojoxeTuri meqanizmia mowesrigebuli da Seucdomlad 

moqmedi. 

evropis, dasavluri samyaros saxe, romelic jemal 

qarCxaZis àntoniosa da daviTSia~ aRbeWdili, TvalSisacemad 

gansxvavdeba meoce saukunis 20-iani wlebis 

qarTul prozaSi gamokveTili dasavleTis kritikuli 

suraTisgan. àntoniosa da daviTSi~ evropa warmogvidgeba 

Tavisi Zireuli SreebiT. mtkice saxelmwifoebrivi 

wesrigis da kanonis pativiscemis garda es aris WeSmaritebis 

mousvenrad maZiebeli suli da goneba, pirovnebis 

avtonomiurobis Rrma grZnoba, individuumis intensiuri 

TviTcnobiereba da amasTanave sinamdvilisadmi 

aqtiuri, pasuxismgebluri damokidebuleba, adamianis 

maRali Rirsebis rwmena. 

jemal qarCxaZis nawarmoebSi dasavleTis da saqarTvelos 

Sexvedra tragikulad sruldeba. axlandel realobaSi, 

imedia, dasavlur samyarosTan Cveni kontaqti 

ufro warmatebuli iqneba da dasavleTis daxmareba 

unayofo ar aRmoCndeba. amis Sedegi ki myari, kanonierebaze 

dafuZnebuli qarTuli saxelmwifos Camoyalibeba 

unda iyos. Tu es ver moxerxda, sikeTis qmnis, siyvarulis 

moTxovnileba da unari, niWiereba, romelic yvelafris 

miuxedavad yovelTvis iyo da axlac aris 

saqarTveloSi, verasdros gadaZalavs Cvens arsebaSi 

istoriis mier aRZrul negatiur midrekilebebs. 

1999 

343


kamaTi ideologiis Sesaxeb, romelic qarTul sazogadoebaSi 

mimdinareobs, cxadyofs raRac Zalian mniSvnelovanis 

ararsebobas Tu ukmarisobas Cvens 

cxovrebaSi. 

vfiqrobT, rom es `raRac~, rasac kamaTis monawile- 

Ta nawili èrovnul ideologias~ uwodebs, sinamdvileSi 

aris mkafio nacionaluri TviTgageba, eris mier 

sakuTari arsebis da yofierebis sazrisis pozitiuri 

xedva. 

es ki dakargulia da iqmneba vakuumi, romlis arsebobac 

gansakuTrebiT xelisSemSlelia da saxifaToc 

aris maSin, roca axali saxelmwifo fuZndeba. 

qarTulma nacionalurma TviTgagebam Cvens saukune- 

Si ararealisturi xasiaTi SeiZina da sinamdvilis mier 

mowyobil uSeRavaTo Semowmebas ver gauZlo. es, erTi 

mxriv, erovnul nihilizms aCens, magram, meore mxriv, 

imis SesaZleblobas iZleva, rom Camoyalibdes axali 

erovnuli TviTcnobiereba _ realobis mkvidr niadagze, 

sicruis da Tavismotyuebis gareSe. 

individma SeiZleba mTeli cxovreba pesimisturad 

Tu nihilisturad ganwyobilma galios, magram sazogadoeba 

Tavisi bunebiT optimisturi msoflmxedvelobisken 

mswrafvelia. mas usaTuod esaWiroeba pozitiuri 

mrwamsi, faseulobebi da Tu arsebobis gagrZelebis 

neba da Zala aqvs, adre Tu gvian moipovebs kidec maT. 

Cven zogjer gvgonia, rom dasavluri civilizacia 

totalurad urwmuno da nihilisturia. Tumca am civilizacias 

marTlac aqvs Tavisi seriozuli problemebi, 

magram mis safuZvlad dadebuli WeSmaritebebi dasavluri 

sazogadoebis didi umravlesobis mier organulad 

aris SeTvisebuli. kerZod, is, rom saxelmwifos 

demokratiuli, kanonis uzenaesobaze damyarebuli 

wyoba yvelaze samarTliani da nayofieria; rom azrTa 

da poziciaTa mravalferovneba, pluralizmi bunebrivi 

da aucilebelia; rom pirovnebis Tavisufleba, Rirseba 

xelSeuxebelia da mas unda hqondes saSualeba TviTon 

344

gansazRvros Tavisi msoflmxedveloba, cxovrebis wesi, 

gamoavlinos Tavisi unari da SesaZleblobebi... dasavlur 

samyaroSi es WeSmaritebebi da faseulobebi rom 

ar wamdeT, maT cocxlad rom ar ganicdidnen, am samyaros 

didi xania kraxi ar acdeboda. 

CvenTvis es faseulobebi ucnobi ar aris, magram maT 

ver SeiZines iseTi mimzidveloba, rom rwmenis sagnad 

iqcnen, sasicocxlo Zalebis momcemi qmediTi eTosi 

warmoSvan. amis mizezebs Soris mTavari, albaT, is aris, 

rom Zveli, sabWoTa sistemis daSla moxda zemodan ganxorcielebuli 

revoluciis Sedegad da sazogadoebaSi 

axali faseulobebi, maTi damkvidrebis moTxovnileba 

Sinaganad, spontanurad ar aRmocenebula da momwifebula. 

amitom gveCveneba, rom Tavs gvaxveven raRac Cvens 

arsebasTan sruliad SeuTavsebels da ucxos. 

sinamdvileSi dasavlur faseulobebs da qarTuli 

kulturis Rrma tendenciebs Soris garkveuli Tanxmiereba 

arsebobs da amis aqcentirebac aris saWiro, raTa 

axalma Rirebulebrivma orientirebma Cvens sazogadoebaSi 

sicocxlisunarianoba moipovos. 

is, rac qarTuli kulturis SuagulSia ganfenili da 

rasac SeuZlia Soreuli faseulobebi CvenTvis axlobeli 

gaxados, aris humanizmi, msoflgageba, romelmac 

dasavlur samyaroSi es faseulobebi Camoayaliba. qar- 

Tul msoflxedvaSi arsebiTia adamianis umaRlesi faseulobis 

da Rirsebis intensiuri gancda, ndoba adamianis 

keTili bunebis da SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebisadmi, 

rwmena, rom samyaro adamianis bednierebisaTvis 

aris Seqmnili... qarTuli kulturis humanizmi Tavis 

yvelaze TvalsaCino gamovlinebebSi Taviseburi personalizmis 

saxes iZens _ pirovnebis srulyofili TviTganxorcielebaa 

samyaros arsebobis gamarTleba; pirovnebaa 

is Zala, romelic samyaros gardaqmnas, srulqmnas 

eswrafis; pirovnebaSi ibadeba WeSmaritebis Suqi, 

romelic sinamdvilis harmonias Tu disharmonias na- 

Tels fens; pirovnebis siRrmiseul miswrafebebTan SesabamisobiT 

an SeusabamobiT ganizomeba saxelmwifos 

da sazogadoebis namdvili fasi; samyaroSi moqmed 

345

tlanq, qvena Zalebs SeiZleba daupirispirdes mxolod 

pirovnebaTa solidaroba, TviTmyofad pirovnebaTa 

namdvili komunikacia, dialogi da daaxloeba, maTi unari, 

daZlion siucxove da gaigon sxvisi ganumeorebeli 

Tavisebureba, sxvisi Tvalsazrisi da simarTle... ase 

ikveTeba qristianobaze dayrdnobili qarTuli nacionaluri 

msoflmxedveloba ori yvelaze mniSvnelovani 

qarTveli epikosi mwerlis, rusTavelis da vaJa-fSavelas 

SemoqmedebaSi da am msoflmxedvelobis anabeWdebi 

metnaklebad Cveni kulturis sxva Rirebul nimuSebsac 

emCneva. 

humanizmi, personalizmi moicavs patriotizmsac, 

romelic Tavisi arsiT swored humanisturi, adamianuri 

Rirsebis ganmamtkicebeli fenomenia, pirovnebis 

srulyofili TviTrealizebis aucilebeli sayrdenia; 

TviT damoukidebeli nacionaluri saxelmwifoc Zireuli 

humanisturi da personalisturi faseulobaaa. 

Cveni azriT, amgvari ram SeiZleba warmovidginoT 

èrovnuli ideologiis~ Sinaarsad da ara gaqvavebul 

SexedulebaTa, dogmaTa, yalb miTologemaTa mZime bloki. 

oRond ar arsebobs araviTari saWiroeba, yovelive 

amas ideologiis, miTumetes saxelmwifo ideologiis 

Selaxuli da usiamovno asociaciebis aRmZvreli cneba 

davukavSiroT. es cneba ar esadageba erovnuli TviT- 

Segnebis aRdgena-ganaxlebas, imis gaazrebas, rom humanizmi 

Cveni erovnuli msoflgagebis birTvia, rom Cveni 

ideali humanuri, pirovnebis primatis damamkvidrebeli 

qarTuli sazogadoeba da saxelmwifoa. dRes am ideals 

tragikulad varT daSorebuli. 

humanizmis xelaxali aRmoCena dasavluri faseulobebis 

damkvidrebasac niSnavs, radgan igi Cvens erovnul 

msoflmxedvelobasac udevs safuZvlad da dasavlursac. 

Cven imdenad SevinarCunebT TviTmyofad nacionalur 

sulier wyobas, ramdenadac SevZlebT humanizmis 

aRorZinebas da Tu aseTi ram marTla moxdeba, imavdroulad 

es iqneba dasavleTTan namdvili, siRrmiseuli da 

ara zedapiruli daaxloeba. 

1998 

346

ilias formula Cvens droSi 

dasavluri liberalizmi dRes faqtobrivad dasavleli 

xalxebis, pirvel rigSi amerikelebis nacionalizmia, 

anu liberaluri ideologia aris maTi erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi 

interesebis realizebis moqnili 

da efeqtiani saSualeba. es ideologia SesaZlebelia 

qarTuli nacionalizmis formadac vaqcioT, misi meSveobiT 

Cveni saxelmwifo da kultura ganvaviTaroT. es 

iqneba Tanamedrove sinamdvilis konteqstSi ilia Wav- 

WavaZis mier àCrdilSi~ formulirebuli ideis xorc- 

Sesxma: `vidre Ze Seni ar gaikvlevs zogad cxovrebas da 

mcnebis naTliT ze-aRzidul, amaRlebuli WkviT ar 

gansWvritavs sazogado cxovrebis denas, im dromde igi 

uimedo, Sewuxebuli, uqmisa drtvinviT, guliswviTa 

mware cremls daRvris...~. saqarTvelos xsna, ilia 

WavWavaZis azriT, is aris, rom misi moZraoba daemTxves 

msoflios ganviTarebis gezs _ `sazogado cxovrebis 

denas~, rom qarTvelebma gaiazron, ra aris kacobriobis 

yofierebaSi perspeqtivis mqone, progresuli da mas 

daukavSiron Tavisi bedi. 

`mcnebis naTeli~, romelzec ilia laparakobs, Semmecnebeli 

gonebis sinaTlea, upirvelesad ki mkafio, 

myari qristianuli moraluri cnobiereba da principebia, 

qristianuli humanuri zneobaa _ ilia WavWavaZis 

formulaSi Cveni qveynis modernizebis aucilebloba 

SeTavsebulia qarTuli kulturis tradiciuli sayrdenis 

SenarCunebis aucileblobasTan. 

amgvari sinTezis ganxorcieleba saqarTvelos istoriis 

axlandel etapzec aqtualuria. liberaluri 

demokratiis da kapitalizmis Tanmdevi Warbi pragmatizmi 

da individualizmi, masobrivi kulturis moZaleba 

da cxovrebis stilis vulgarizacia qristianulma 

humanizmma SeiZleba gaawonasworos. igi amkvidrebs 

materialuri faseulobebis mimarT sulier faseulobaTa 

arsebiT upiratesobas, zneobriv momTxovnelobas 

pirvel rigSi sakuTari Tavis da ara sxvebis mimarT, 

adamianis Rirsebis pativiscemis da adamianisadmi gu- 

347

lisxmierebis atmosferos... yovelive es dRes saqarTvelos 

ise Wirdeba, rogorc, SesaZloa, arasdros 

daWirvebia. 

liberalizmi amJamad kosmopolitizmis gamovlinebad 

warmogvidgeba. Tavidan qristianobis kosmopoliturobac 

ufro TvalsaCino iyo, miTumetes warmarTul 

`nacionalistur~ religiur kultebTan SedarebiT, 

magram amis miuxedavad man CvenSi (cxadia, sxvaganac) 

erovnuli Seferiloba miiRo da Cveni erovnuli TviTmyofadobis 

gamokveTas da dacvas emsaxura. erovnul 

niadagze aseTive adaptireba unda ganicados liberalurma 

demokratiamac. 

primitivizebuli, Sinaganad mwiri kosmopolitizmis 

yvelaze energiuli damnergavi masobrivi kulturaa. 

mas upirvelesad srulfasovani literatura da 

xelovneba SeiZleba daupirispirdes, romelic bunebrivad 

aris erovnulic da universaluric, romelSic 

eris da kacobriobis sulieri mTlianobaa gacxadebuli. 

oRond am dapirispirebis Sedegi socialur cxovrebaSi 

sagrZnobi da xelSesaxebi maSin iqneba, Tu saxelmwifo 

ganaxorcielebs utyuar eTikur da esTetikur 

faseulobaTa dasamkvidreblad da surogatebis 

mRvrie nakadis Sesasusteblad mimarTul kulturul 

politikas. 

348 

2001

daviT guramiSvili

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